[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164408},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method":3,"nav-reference":2599},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2592,"extension":2593,"meta":2594,"navigation":364,"path":2595,"seo":2596,"stem":2597,"__hash__":2598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2557},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,148,151,169,180,183,190,201,204,222,229,231,235,238,259,262,286,293,296,401,403,420,432,434,438,446,449,460,462,557,559,594,608,610,614,617,754,757,830,833,855,858,860,867,872,875,1007,1009,1026,1029,1031,1040,1043,1048,1056,1147,1149,1186,1191,1199,1276,1278,1294,1300,1306,1308,1318,1326,1408,1410,1439,1442,1448,1459,1462,1546,1548,1569,1575,1577,1581,1586,1590,1599,1664,1666,1687,1690,1759,1761,1777,1781,1787,1799,1808,1810,1895,1897,1926,1929,1933,1938,1941,1994,1997,2080,2082,2098,2102,2105,2183,2186,2190,2193,2271,2273,2306,2312,2316,2319,2456,2459,2473,2475,2479,2486,2489,2498,2506,2513,2516,2520,2523,2525,2529,2553],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-difference-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"difference()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,27,28],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n","python","",[15,42,43,83,107,134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,67,70,72,75,77,80],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","a ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," {",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"srdBf","1",[44,65,66],{"class":58},",",[44,68,69],{"class":62}," 2",[44,71,66],{"class":58},[44,73,74],{"class":62}," 3",[44,76,66],{"class":58},[44,78,79],{"class":62}," 4",[44,81,82],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,84,86,89,91,93,96,98,100,102,105],{"class":46,"line":85},2,[44,87,88],{"class":50},"b ",[44,90,55],{"class":54},[44,92,59],{"class":58},[44,94,95],{"class":62},"3",[44,97,66],{"class":58},[44,99,79],{"class":62},[44,101,66],{"class":58},[44,103,104],{"class":62}," 5",[44,106,82],{"class":58},[44,108,110,113,115,118,121,125,128,131],{"class":46,"line":109},3,[44,111,112],{"class":50},"result ",[44,114,55],{"class":54},[44,116,117],{"class":50}," a",[44,119,120],{"class":58},".",[44,122,124],{"class":123},"slqww","difference",[44,126,127],{"class":58},"(",[44,129,130],{"class":123},"b",[44,132,133],{"class":58},")\n",[44,135,137,141,143,146],{"class":46,"line":136},4,[44,138,140],{"class":139},"sptTA","print",[44,142,127],{"class":58},[44,144,145],{"class":123},"result",[44,147,133],{"class":58},[20,149,150],{},"Output:",[35,152,154],{"className":37,"code":153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,155,156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157,158,161,163,165,167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159,160],{"class":58},"{",[44,162,63],{"class":62},[44,164,66],{"class":58},[44,166,69],{"class":62},[44,168,82],{"class":58},[20,170,171,173,174,177,178,120],{},[15,172,17],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,175,176],{},"a"," that are not in ",[15,179,130],{},[181,182],"hr",{},[30,184,186,187,189],{"id":185},"what-difference-does","What ",[15,188,17],{}," does",[20,191,192,193,195,196,200],{},"The ",[15,194,17],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[197,198,199],"strong",{},"not"," appear in the other set.",[20,202,203],{},"Key points:",[205,206,207,213,216,219],"ul",{},[208,209,210,212],"li",{},[15,211,17],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[208,214,215],{},"It creates a new set",[208,217,218],{},"It does not change the original set",[208,220,221],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,223,224,225,120],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[176,226,228],{"href":227},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained",[181,230],{},[30,232,234],{"id":233},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,236,237],{},"Use this form:",[35,239,241],{"className":37,"code":240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,242,243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,244,245,248,250,252,254,257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,246,247],{"class":50},"set1",[44,249,120],{"class":58},[44,251,124],{"class":123},[44,253,127],{"class":58},[44,255,256],{"class":123},"set2",[44,258,133],{"class":58},[20,260,261],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,263,265],{"className":37,"code":264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,266,267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,268,269,271,273,275,277,279,281,284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,270,247],{"class":50},[44,272,120],{"class":58},[44,274,124],{"class":123},[44,276,127],{"class":58},[44,278,256],{"class":123},[44,280,66],{"class":58},[44,282,283],{"class":123}," set3",[44,285,133],{"class":58},[20,287,288,289,292],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[197,290,291],{},"any"," of the other sets.",[20,294,295],{},"Example:",[35,297,299],{"className":37,"code":298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,300,301,329,346,360,366,390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,302,303,305,307,309,311,313,315,317,319,321,323,325,327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,304,51],{"class":50},[44,306,55],{"class":54},[44,308,59],{"class":58},[44,310,63],{"class":62},[44,312,66],{"class":58},[44,314,69],{"class":62},[44,316,66],{"class":58},[44,318,74],{"class":62},[44,320,66],{"class":58},[44,322,79],{"class":62},[44,324,66],{"class":58},[44,326,104],{"class":62},[44,328,82],{"class":58},[44,330,331,333,335,337,340,342,344],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,332,88],{"class":50},[44,334,55],{"class":54},[44,336,59],{"class":58},[44,338,339],{"class":62},"2",[44,341,66],{"class":58},[44,343,74],{"class":62},[44,345,82],{"class":58},[44,347,348,351,353,355,358],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,349,350],{"class":50},"c ",[44,352,55],{"class":54},[44,354,59],{"class":58},[44,356,357],{"class":62},"5",[44,359,82],{"class":58},[44,361,362],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,363,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},true,"\n",[44,367,369,371,373,375,377,379,381,383,385,388],{"class":46,"line":368},5,[44,370,112],{"class":50},[44,372,55],{"class":54},[44,374,117],{"class":50},[44,376,120],{"class":58},[44,378,124],{"class":123},[44,380,127],{"class":58},[44,382,130],{"class":123},[44,384,66],{"class":58},[44,386,387],{"class":123}," c",[44,389,133],{"class":58},[44,391,393,395,397,399],{"class":46,"line":392},6,[44,394,140],{"class":139},[44,396,127],{"class":58},[44,398,145],{"class":123},[44,400,133],{"class":58},[20,402,150],{},[35,404,406],{"className":37,"code":405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,407,408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,409,410,412,414,416,418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,411,160],{"class":58},[44,413,63],{"class":62},[44,415,66],{"class":58},[44,417,79],{"class":62},[44,419,82],{"class":58},[20,421,422,423,425,426,428,429,120],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,424,176],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,427,130],{}," or ",[15,430,431],{},"c",[181,433],{},[30,435,437],{"id":436},"return-value","Return value",[20,439,440,442,443,120],{},[15,441,17],{}," always returns a ",[197,444,445],{},"new set",[20,447,448],{},"Important details:",[205,450,451,454,457],{},[208,452,453],{},"The return value is a new set",[208,455,456],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[208,458,459],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,461,295],{},[35,463,465],{"className":37,"code":464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,466,467,483,503,507,525,529,539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,468,469,471,473,475,477,479,481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,470,51],{"class":50},[44,472,55],{"class":54},[44,474,59],{"class":58},[44,476,63],{"class":62},[44,478,66],{"class":58},[44,480,69],{"class":62},[44,482,82],{"class":58},[44,484,485,487,489,491,493,495,497,499,501],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,486,88],{"class":50},[44,488,55],{"class":54},[44,490,59],{"class":58},[44,492,63],{"class":62},[44,494,66],{"class":58},[44,496,69],{"class":62},[44,498,66],{"class":58},[44,500,74],{"class":62},[44,502,82],{"class":58},[44,504,505],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,506,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,508,509,511,513,515,517,519,521,523],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,510,112],{"class":50},[44,512,55],{"class":54},[44,514,117],{"class":50},[44,516,120],{"class":58},[44,518,124],{"class":123},[44,520,127],{"class":58},[44,522,130],{"class":123},[44,524,133],{"class":58},[44,526,527],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,528,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,530,531,533,535,537],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,532,140],{"class":139},[44,534,127],{"class":58},[44,536,145],{"class":123},[44,538,133],{"class":58},[44,540,542,544,546,550,552,554],{"class":46,"line":541},7,[44,543,140],{"class":139},[44,545,127],{"class":58},[44,547,549],{"class":548},"sZMiF","type",[44,551,127],{"class":58},[44,553,145],{"class":123},[44,555,556],{"class":58},"))\n",[20,558,150],{},[35,560,562],{"className":37,"code":561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,563,564,572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,565,566,569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,567,568],{"class":548},"set",[44,570,571],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,573,574,577,581,585,588,591],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,575,576],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,578,580],{"class":579},"sbsja","class",[44,582,584],{"class":583},"sjJ54"," '",[44,586,568],{"class":587},"s_sjI",[44,589,590],{"class":583},"'",[44,592,593],{"class":54},">\n",[20,595,596,597,600,601,604,605,607],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,598,599],{},"set()",", not ",[15,602,603],{},"{}",". In Python, ",[15,606,603],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[181,609],{},[30,611,613],{"id":612},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,615,616],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,618,620],{"className":37,"code":619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,621,622,660,694,698,718,722,732,743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,623,624,627,629,631,634,637,639,641,644,647,649,651,653,656,658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,625,626],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,628,55],{"class":54},[44,630,59],{"class":58},[44,632,633],{"class":583},"\"",[44,635,636],{"class":587},"apple",[44,638,633],{"class":583},[44,640,66],{"class":58},[44,642,643],{"class":583}," \"",[44,645,646],{"class":587},"banana",[44,648,633],{"class":583},[44,650,66],{"class":58},[44,652,643],{"class":583},[44,654,655],{"class":587},"orange",[44,657,633],{"class":583},[44,659,82],{"class":58},[44,661,662,665,667,669,671,673,675,677,679,681,683,685,687,690,692],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,663,664],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,666,55],{"class":54},[44,668,59],{"class":58},[44,670,633],{"class":583},[44,672,646],{"class":587},[44,674,633],{"class":583},[44,676,66],{"class":58},[44,678,643],{"class":583},[44,680,655],{"class":587},[44,682,633],{"class":583},[44,684,66],{"class":58},[44,686,643],{"class":583},[44,688,689],{"class":587},"grape",[44,691,633],{"class":583},[44,693,82],{"class":58},[44,695,696],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,697,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,699,700,702,704,707,709,711,713,716],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,701,112],{"class":50},[44,703,55],{"class":54},[44,705,706],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,708,120],{"class":58},[44,710,124],{"class":123},[44,712,127],{"class":58},[44,714,715],{"class":123},"fruits_b",[44,717,133],{"class":58},[44,719,720],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,721,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,723,724,726,728,730],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,725,140],{"class":139},[44,727,127],{"class":58},[44,729,145],{"class":123},[44,731,133],{"class":58},[44,733,734,736,738,741],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,735,140],{"class":139},[44,737,127],{"class":58},[44,739,740],{"class":123},"fruits_a",[44,742,133],{"class":58},[44,744,746,748,750,752],{"class":46,"line":745},8,[44,747,140],{"class":139},[44,749,127],{"class":58},[44,751,715],{"class":123},[44,753,133],{"class":58},[20,755,756],{},"Possible output:",[35,758,760],{"className":37,"code":759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,761,762,774,802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,763,764,766,768,770,772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,765,160],{"class":58},[44,767,590],{"class":583},[44,769,636],{"class":587},[44,771,590],{"class":583},[44,773,82],{"class":58},[44,775,776,778,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,777,160],{"class":58},[44,779,590],{"class":583},[44,781,646],{"class":587},[44,783,590],{"class":583},[44,785,66],{"class":58},[44,787,584],{"class":583},[44,789,655],{"class":587},[44,791,590],{"class":583},[44,793,66],{"class":58},[44,795,584],{"class":583},[44,797,636],{"class":587},[44,799,590],{"class":583},[44,801,82],{"class":58},[44,803,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,805,160],{"class":58},[44,807,590],{"class":583},[44,809,646],{"class":587},[44,811,590],{"class":583},[44,813,66],{"class":58},[44,815,584],{"class":583},[44,817,655],{"class":587},[44,819,590],{"class":583},[44,821,66],{"class":58},[44,823,584],{"class":583},[44,825,689],{"class":587},[44,827,590],{"class":583},[44,829,82],{"class":58},[20,831,832],{},"What happens here:",[205,834,835,840,845,852],{},[208,836,837,838],{},"Start with ",[15,839,740],{},[208,841,842,843],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,844,715],{},[208,846,847,848,851],{},"Only ",[15,849,850],{},"\"apple\""," remains",[208,853,854],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,856,857],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[181,859],{},[30,861,863,864,866],{"id":862},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets","Using ",[15,865,17],{}," with multiple sets",[20,868,869,870,120],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,871,17],{},[20,873,874],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,876,878],{"className":37,"code":877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,879,880,914,931,944,963,967,997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,881,882,885,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901,903,905,907,909,912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,883,884],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,886,55],{"class":54},[44,888,59],{"class":58},[44,890,63],{"class":62},[44,892,66],{"class":58},[44,894,69],{"class":62},[44,896,66],{"class":58},[44,898,74],{"class":62},[44,900,66],{"class":58},[44,902,79],{"class":62},[44,904,66],{"class":58},[44,906,104],{"class":62},[44,908,66],{"class":58},[44,910,911],{"class":62}," 6",[44,913,82],{"class":58},[44,915,916,919,921,923,925,927,929],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,917,918],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,920,55],{"class":54},[44,922,59],{"class":58},[44,924,339],{"class":62},[44,926,66],{"class":58},[44,928,79],{"class":62},[44,930,82],{"class":58},[44,932,933,936,938,940,942],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,934,935],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,937,55],{"class":54},[44,939,59],{"class":58},[44,941,357],{"class":62},[44,943,82],{"class":58},[44,945,946,949,951,953,956,958,961],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,947,948],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,950,55],{"class":54},[44,952,59],{"class":58},[44,954,955],{"class":62},"6",[44,957,66],{"class":58},[44,959,960],{"class":62}," 7",[44,962,82],{"class":58},[44,964,965],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,966,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,968,969,971,973,976,978,980,982,985,987,990,992,995],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,970,112],{"class":50},[44,972,55],{"class":54},[44,974,975],{"class":50}," numbers",[44,977,120],{"class":58},[44,979,124],{"class":123},[44,981,127],{"class":58},[44,983,984],{"class":123},"group_a",[44,986,66],{"class":58},[44,988,989],{"class":123}," group_b",[44,991,66],{"class":58},[44,993,994],{"class":123}," group_c",[44,996,133],{"class":58},[44,998,999,1001,1003,1005],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,1000,140],{"class":139},[44,1002,127],{"class":58},[44,1004,145],{"class":123},[44,1006,133],{"class":58},[20,1008,150],{},[35,1010,1012],{"className":37,"code":1011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,1013,1014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1015,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1017,160],{"class":58},[44,1019,63],{"class":62},[44,1021,66],{"class":58},[44,1023,74],{"class":62},[44,1025,82],{"class":58},[20,1027,1028],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[181,1030],{},[30,1032,1034,1036,1037],{"id":1033},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,1035,17],{}," vs ",[15,1038,1039],{},"difference_update()",[20,1041,1042],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1044,1045,1046],"h3",{"id":124},[15,1047,17],{},[205,1049,1050,1053],{},[208,1051,1052],{},"Returns a new set",[208,1054,1055],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,1057,1059],{"className":37,"code":1058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,1060,1061,1085,1101,1105,1123,1127,1137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1062,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1064,51],{"class":50},[44,1066,55],{"class":54},[44,1068,59],{"class":58},[44,1070,63],{"class":62},[44,1072,66],{"class":58},[44,1074,69],{"class":62},[44,1076,66],{"class":58},[44,1078,74],{"class":62},[44,1080,66],{"class":58},[44,1082,79],{"class":62},[44,1084,82],{"class":58},[44,1086,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1088,88],{"class":50},[44,1090,55],{"class":54},[44,1092,59],{"class":58},[44,1094,95],{"class":62},[44,1096,66],{"class":58},[44,1098,79],{"class":62},[44,1100,82],{"class":58},[44,1102,1103],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1104,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1106,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1108,112],{"class":50},[44,1110,55],{"class":54},[44,1112,117],{"class":50},[44,1114,120],{"class":58},[44,1116,124],{"class":123},[44,1118,127],{"class":58},[44,1120,130],{"class":123},[44,1122,133],{"class":58},[44,1124,1125],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1126,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1128,1129,1131,1133,1135],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,1130,140],{"class":139},[44,1132,127],{"class":58},[44,1134,145],{"class":123},[44,1136,133],{"class":58},[44,1138,1139,1141,1143,1145],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,1140,140],{"class":139},[44,1142,127],{"class":58},[44,1144,176],{"class":123},[44,1146,133],{"class":58},[20,1148,150],{},[35,1150,1152],{"className":37,"code":1151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,1153,1154,1166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1155,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1157,160],{"class":58},[44,1159,63],{"class":62},[44,1161,66],{"class":58},[44,1163,69],{"class":62},[44,1165,82],{"class":58},[44,1167,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1169,160],{"class":58},[44,1171,63],{"class":62},[44,1173,66],{"class":58},[44,1175,69],{"class":62},[44,1177,66],{"class":58},[44,1179,74],{"class":62},[44,1181,66],{"class":58},[44,1183,79],{"class":62},[44,1185,82],{"class":58},[1044,1187,1189],{"id":1188},"difference_update",[15,1190,1039],{},[205,1192,1193,1196],{},[208,1194,1195],{},"Changes the original set",[208,1197,1198],{},"Does not return a new set",[35,1200,1202],{"className":37,"code":1201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,1203,1204,1228,1244,1248,1262,1266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1205,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1207,51],{"class":50},[44,1209,55],{"class":54},[44,1211,59],{"class":58},[44,1213,63],{"class":62},[44,1215,66],{"class":58},[44,1217,69],{"class":62},[44,1219,66],{"class":58},[44,1221,74],{"class":62},[44,1223,66],{"class":58},[44,1225,79],{"class":62},[44,1227,82],{"class":58},[44,1229,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1231,88],{"class":50},[44,1233,55],{"class":54},[44,1235,59],{"class":58},[44,1237,95],{"class":62},[44,1239,66],{"class":58},[44,1241,79],{"class":62},[44,1243,82],{"class":58},[44,1245,1246],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1247,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1249,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1251,176],{"class":50},[44,1253,120],{"class":58},[44,1255,1188],{"class":123},[44,1257,127],{"class":58},[44,1259,130],{"class":123},[44,1261,133],{"class":58},[44,1263,1264],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1265,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1267,1268,1270,1272,1274],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,1269,140],{"class":139},[44,1271,127],{"class":58},[44,1273,176],{"class":123},[44,1275,133],{"class":58},[20,1277,150],{},[35,1279,1280],{"className":37,"code":153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1281,1282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1283,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1285,160],{"class":58},[44,1287,63],{"class":62},[44,1289,66],{"class":58},[44,1291,69],{"class":62},[44,1293,82],{"class":58},[20,1295,1296,1297,1299],{},"Use ",[15,1298,17],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,1301,1302,1303,1305],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,1304,1039],{}," method.",[181,1307],{},[30,1309,1311,1313,1314,1317],{"id":1310},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,1312,17],{}," vs the ",[15,1315,1316],{},"-"," operator",[20,1319,192,1320,1322,1323,1325],{},[15,1321,1316],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,1324,17],{}," for two sets.",[35,1327,1329],{"className":37,"code":1328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,1330,1331,1355,1371,1375,1393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1332,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1334,51],{"class":50},[44,1336,55],{"class":54},[44,1338,59],{"class":58},[44,1340,63],{"class":62},[44,1342,66],{"class":58},[44,1344,69],{"class":62},[44,1346,66],{"class":58},[44,1348,74],{"class":62},[44,1350,66],{"class":58},[44,1352,79],{"class":62},[44,1354,82],{"class":58},[44,1356,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1358,88],{"class":50},[44,1360,55],{"class":54},[44,1362,59],{"class":58},[44,1364,95],{"class":62},[44,1366,66],{"class":58},[44,1368,79],{"class":62},[44,1370,82],{"class":58},[44,1372,1373],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1374,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1376,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1378,140],{"class":139},[44,1380,127],{"class":58},[44,1382,176],{"class":123},[44,1384,120],{"class":58},[44,1386,124],{"class":123},[44,1388,127],{"class":58},[44,1390,130],{"class":123},[44,1392,556],{"class":58},[44,1394,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403,1406],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1396,140],{"class":139},[44,1398,127],{"class":58},[44,1400,51],{"class":123},[44,1402,1316],{"class":54},[44,1404,1405],{"class":123}," b",[44,1407,133],{"class":58},[20,1409,150],{},[35,1411,1413],{"className":37,"code":1412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,1414,1415,1427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1416,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1418,160],{"class":58},[44,1420,63],{"class":62},[44,1422,66],{"class":58},[44,1424,69],{"class":62},[44,1426,82],{"class":58},[44,1428,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1430,160],{"class":58},[44,1432,63],{"class":62},[44,1434,66],{"class":58},[44,1436,69],{"class":62},[44,1438,82],{"class":58},[20,1440,1441],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,1443,1444,1445,1447],{},"Why use ",[15,1446,17],{},"?",[205,1449,1450,1453,1456],{},[208,1451,1452],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[208,1454,1455],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[208,1457,1458],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,1460,1461],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,1463,1465],{"className":37,"code":1464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,1466,1467,1495,1507,1520,1524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1468,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1470,51],{"class":50},[44,1472,55],{"class":54},[44,1474,59],{"class":58},[44,1476,63],{"class":62},[44,1478,66],{"class":58},[44,1480,69],{"class":62},[44,1482,66],{"class":58},[44,1484,74],{"class":62},[44,1486,66],{"class":58},[44,1488,79],{"class":62},[44,1490,66],{"class":58},[44,1492,104],{"class":62},[44,1494,82],{"class":58},[44,1496,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1498,88],{"class":50},[44,1500,55],{"class":54},[44,1502,59],{"class":58},[44,1504,339],{"class":62},[44,1506,82],{"class":58},[44,1508,1509,1511,1513,1515,1518],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1510,350],{"class":50},[44,1512,55],{"class":54},[44,1514,59],{"class":58},[44,1516,1517],{"class":62},"4",[44,1519,82],{"class":58},[44,1521,1522],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1523,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1525,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1527,140],{"class":139},[44,1529,127],{"class":58},[44,1531,176],{"class":123},[44,1533,120],{"class":58},[44,1535,124],{"class":123},[44,1537,127],{"class":58},[44,1539,130],{"class":123},[44,1541,66],{"class":58},[44,1543,387],{"class":123},[44,1545,556],{"class":58},[20,1547,150],{},[35,1549,1551],{"className":37,"code":1550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,1552,1553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1554,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1556,160],{"class":58},[44,1558,63],{"class":62},[44,1560,66],{"class":58},[44,1562,74],{"class":62},[44,1564,66],{"class":58},[44,1566,104],{"class":62},[44,1568,82],{"class":58},[20,1570,1571,1572,1574],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,1573,1316],{}," operator expression.",[181,1576],{},[30,1578,1580],{"id":1579},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1582,1583,1584,120],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,1585,17],{},[1044,1587,1589],{"id":1588},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,1591,1592,1593,1595,1596,1598],{},"This does ",[197,1594,199],{}," change ",[15,1597,176],{},":",[35,1600,1602],{"className":37,"code":1601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,1603,1604,1624,1636,1640,1654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1605,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1607,51],{"class":50},[44,1609,55],{"class":54},[44,1611,59],{"class":58},[44,1613,63],{"class":62},[44,1615,66],{"class":58},[44,1617,69],{"class":62},[44,1619,66],{"class":58},[44,1621,74],{"class":62},[44,1623,82],{"class":58},[44,1625,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1627,88],{"class":50},[44,1629,55],{"class":54},[44,1631,59],{"class":58},[44,1633,95],{"class":62},[44,1635,82],{"class":58},[44,1637,1638],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1639,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1641,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1643,176],{"class":50},[44,1645,120],{"class":58},[44,1647,124],{"class":123},[44,1649,127],{"class":58},[44,1651,130],{"class":123},[44,1653,133],{"class":58},[44,1655,1656,1658,1660,1662],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1657,140],{"class":139},[44,1659,127],{"class":58},[44,1661,176],{"class":123},[44,1663,133],{"class":58},[20,1665,150],{},[35,1667,1669],{"className":37,"code":1668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,1670,1671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1672,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1674,160],{"class":58},[44,1676,63],{"class":62},[44,1678,66],{"class":58},[44,1680,69],{"class":62},[44,1682,66],{"class":58},[44,1684,74],{"class":62},[44,1686,82],{"class":58},[20,1688,1689],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,1691,1693],{"className":37,"code":1692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,1694,1695,1715,1727,1731,1749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1696,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1698,51],{"class":50},[44,1700,55],{"class":54},[44,1702,59],{"class":58},[44,1704,63],{"class":62},[44,1706,66],{"class":58},[44,1708,69],{"class":62},[44,1710,66],{"class":58},[44,1712,74],{"class":62},[44,1714,82],{"class":58},[44,1716,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1718,88],{"class":50},[44,1720,55],{"class":54},[44,1722,59],{"class":58},[44,1724,95],{"class":62},[44,1726,82],{"class":58},[44,1728,1729],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1730,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1732,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1734,51],{"class":50},[44,1736,55],{"class":54},[44,1738,117],{"class":50},[44,1740,120],{"class":58},[44,1742,124],{"class":123},[44,1744,127],{"class":58},[44,1746,130],{"class":123},[44,1748,133],{"class":58},[44,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1752,140],{"class":139},[44,1754,127],{"class":58},[44,1756,176],{"class":123},[44,1758,133],{"class":58},[20,1760,150],{},[35,1762,1763],{"className":37,"code":153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1764,1765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1766,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1768,160],{"class":58},[44,1770,63],{"class":62},[44,1772,66],{"class":58},[44,1774,69],{"class":62},[44,1776,82],{"class":58},[1044,1778,1780],{"id":1779},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,1782,1783,1786],{},[15,1784,1785],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[205,1788,1789,1794],{},[208,1790,1791,1792],{},"keep items from ",[15,1793,176],{},[208,1795,1796,1797],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,1798,130],{},[20,1800,1801,1802,1804,1805,1807],{},"It does ",[197,1803,199],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,1806,130],{},"”.",[20,1809,295],{},[35,1811,1813],{"className":37,"code":1812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,1814,1815,1835,1855,1859,1877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1816,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1818,51],{"class":50},[44,1820,55],{"class":54},[44,1822,59],{"class":58},[44,1824,63],{"class":62},[44,1826,66],{"class":58},[44,1828,69],{"class":62},[44,1830,66],{"class":58},[44,1832,74],{"class":62},[44,1834,82],{"class":58},[44,1836,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1838,88],{"class":50},[44,1840,55],{"class":54},[44,1842,59],{"class":58},[44,1844,95],{"class":62},[44,1846,66],{"class":58},[44,1848,79],{"class":62},[44,1850,66],{"class":58},[44,1852,104],{"class":62},[44,1854,82],{"class":58},[44,1856,1857],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1858,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1860,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1862,140],{"class":139},[44,1864,127],{"class":58},[44,1866,176],{"class":123},[44,1868,120],{"class":58},[44,1870,124],{"class":123},[44,1872,127],{"class":58},[44,1874,130],{"class":123},[44,1876,556],{"class":58},[44,1878,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,1880,140],{"class":139},[44,1882,127],{"class":58},[44,1884,130],{"class":123},[44,1886,120],{"class":58},[44,1888,124],{"class":123},[44,1890,127],{"class":58},[44,1892,176],{"class":123},[44,1894,556],{"class":58},[20,1896,150],{},[35,1898,1900],{"className":37,"code":1899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,1901,1902,1914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1903,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1905,160],{"class":58},[44,1907,63],{"class":62},[44,1909,66],{"class":58},[44,1911,69],{"class":62},[44,1913,82],{"class":58},[44,1915,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1917,160],{"class":58},[44,1919,1517],{"class":62},[44,1921,66],{"class":58},[44,1923,104],{"class":62},[44,1925,82],{"class":58},[20,1927,1928],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1044,1930,1932],{"id":1931},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,1934,1935,1937],{},[15,1936,17],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,1939,1940],{},"This will fail:",[35,1942,1944],{"className":37,"code":1943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,1945,1946,1968,1984,1988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1947,1948,1950,1952,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1949,51],{"class":50},[44,1951,55],{"class":54},[44,1953,1954],{"class":58}," [",[44,1956,63],{"class":62},[44,1958,66],{"class":58},[44,1960,69],{"class":62},[44,1962,66],{"class":58},[44,1964,74],{"class":62},[44,1966,1967],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,1969,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,1971,88],{"class":50},[44,1973,55],{"class":54},[44,1975,1954],{"class":58},[44,1977,95],{"class":62},[44,1979,66],{"class":58},[44,1981,79],{"class":62},[44,1983,1967],{"class":58},[44,1985,1986],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,1987,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,1989,1990],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,1991,1993],{"class":1992},"sutJx","# a.difference(b)\n",[20,1995,1996],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,1998,2000],{"className":37,"code":1999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,2001,2002,2022,2038,2042,2070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2003,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2005,51],{"class":50},[44,2007,55],{"class":54},[44,2009,1954],{"class":58},[44,2011,63],{"class":62},[44,2013,66],{"class":58},[44,2015,69],{"class":62},[44,2017,66],{"class":58},[44,2019,74],{"class":62},[44,2021,1967],{"class":58},[44,2023,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2025,88],{"class":50},[44,2027,55],{"class":54},[44,2029,1954],{"class":58},[44,2031,95],{"class":62},[44,2033,66],{"class":58},[44,2035,79],{"class":62},[44,2037,1967],{"class":58},[44,2039,2040],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2041,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,2043,2044,2046,2048,2051,2053,2055,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,2045,112],{"class":50},[44,2047,55],{"class":54},[44,2049,2050],{"class":548}," set",[44,2052,127],{"class":58},[44,2054,176],{"class":123},[44,2056,2057],{"class":58},").",[44,2059,124],{"class":123},[44,2061,127],{"class":58},[44,2063,568],{"class":548},[44,2065,127],{"class":58},[44,2067,130],{"class":123},[44,2069,556],{"class":58},[44,2071,2072,2074,2076,2078],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,2073,140],{"class":139},[44,2075,127],{"class":58},[44,2077,145],{"class":123},[44,2079,133],{"class":58},[20,2081,150],{},[35,2083,2084],{"className":37,"code":153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2085,2086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2087,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2089,160],{"class":58},[44,2091,63],{"class":62},[44,2093,66],{"class":58},[44,2095,69],{"class":62},[44,2097,82],{"class":58},[1044,2099,2101],{"id":2100},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,2103,2104],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,2106,2108],{"className":37,"code":2107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,2109,2110,2145,2161,2165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2111,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2123,2125,2127,2129,2132,2134,2136,2138,2141,2143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2113,51],{"class":50},[44,2115,55],{"class":54},[44,2117,59],{"class":58},[44,2119,633],{"class":583},[44,2121,2122],{"class":587},"cat",[44,2124,633],{"class":583},[44,2126,66],{"class":58},[44,2128,643],{"class":583},[44,2130,2131],{"class":587},"dog",[44,2133,633],{"class":583},[44,2135,66],{"class":58},[44,2137,643],{"class":583},[44,2139,2140],{"class":587},"bird",[44,2142,633],{"class":583},[44,2144,82],{"class":58},[44,2146,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2148,88],{"class":50},[44,2150,55],{"class":54},[44,2152,59],{"class":58},[44,2154,633],{"class":583},[44,2156,2131],{"class":587},[44,2158,633],{"class":583},[44,2160,82],{"class":58},[44,2162,2163],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2164,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,2166,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,2168,140],{"class":139},[44,2170,127],{"class":58},[44,2172,176],{"class":123},[44,2174,120],{"class":58},[44,2176,124],{"class":123},[44,2178,127],{"class":58},[44,2180,130],{"class":123},[44,2182,556],{"class":58},[20,2184,2185],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1044,2187,2189],{"id":2188},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,2191,2192],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,2194,2196],{"className":37,"code":2195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,2197,2198,2227,2239,2243,2253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2199,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2201,51],{"class":50},[44,2203,55],{"class":54},[44,2205,59],{"class":58},[44,2207,63],{"class":62},[44,2209,66],{"class":58},[44,2211,2212],{"class":62}," 1",[44,2214,66],{"class":58},[44,2216,69],{"class":62},[44,2218,66],{"class":58},[44,2220,69],{"class":62},[44,2222,66],{"class":58},[44,2224,74],{"class":62},[44,2226,82],{"class":58},[44,2228,2229,2231,2233,2235,2237],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2230,88],{"class":50},[44,2232,55],{"class":54},[44,2234,59],{"class":58},[44,2236,95],{"class":62},[44,2238,82],{"class":58},[44,2240,2241],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2242,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,2244,2245,2247,2249,2251],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,2246,140],{"class":139},[44,2248,127],{"class":58},[44,2250,176],{"class":123},[44,2252,133],{"class":58},[44,2254,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,2256,140],{"class":139},[44,2258,127],{"class":58},[44,2260,176],{"class":123},[44,2262,120],{"class":58},[44,2264,124],{"class":123},[44,2266,127],{"class":58},[44,2268,130],{"class":123},[44,2270,556],{"class":58},[20,2272,150],{},[35,2274,2276],{"className":37,"code":2275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,2277,2278,2294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2279,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2281,160],{"class":58},[44,2283,63],{"class":62},[44,2285,66],{"class":58},[44,2287,69],{"class":62},[44,2289,66],{"class":58},[44,2291,74],{"class":62},[44,2293,82],{"class":58},[44,2295,2296,2298,2300,2302,2304],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2297,160],{"class":58},[44,2299,63],{"class":62},[44,2301,66],{"class":58},[44,2303,69],{"class":62},[44,2305,82],{"class":58},[20,2307,2308,2309,2311],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,2310,17],{}," runs.",[1044,2313,2315],{"id":2314},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,2317,2318],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,2320,2322],{"className":37,"code":2321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,2323,2324,2348,2368,2372,2382,2392,2410,2433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2325,2326,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2327,51],{"class":50},[44,2329,55],{"class":54},[44,2331,59],{"class":58},[44,2333,63],{"class":62},[44,2335,66],{"class":58},[44,2337,69],{"class":62},[44,2339,66],{"class":58},[44,2341,74],{"class":62},[44,2343,66],{"class":58},[44,2345,79],{"class":62},[44,2347,82],{"class":58},[44,2349,2350,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2351,88],{"class":50},[44,2353,55],{"class":54},[44,2355,59],{"class":58},[44,2357,95],{"class":62},[44,2359,66],{"class":58},[44,2361,79],{"class":62},[44,2363,66],{"class":58},[44,2365,104],{"class":62},[44,2367,82],{"class":58},[44,2369,2370],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2371,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,2373,2374,2376,2378,2380],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,2375,140],{"class":139},[44,2377,127],{"class":58},[44,2379,176],{"class":123},[44,2381,133],{"class":58},[44,2383,2384,2386,2388,2390],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,2385,140],{"class":139},[44,2387,127],{"class":58},[44,2389,130],{"class":123},[44,2391,133],{"class":58},[44,2393,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2404,2406,2408],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,2395,140],{"class":139},[44,2397,127],{"class":58},[44,2399,176],{"class":123},[44,2401,120],{"class":58},[44,2403,124],{"class":123},[44,2405,127],{"class":58},[44,2407,130],{"class":123},[44,2409,556],{"class":58},[44,2411,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428,2430],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,2413,140],{"class":139},[44,2415,127],{"class":58},[44,2417,549],{"class":548},[44,2419,127],{"class":58},[44,2421,176],{"class":123},[44,2423,120],{"class":58},[44,2425,124],{"class":123},[44,2427,127],{"class":58},[44,2429,130],{"class":123},[44,2431,2432],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,2434,2435,2437,2439,2442,2444,2446,2448,2450,2452,2454],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,2436,140],{"class":139},[44,2438,127],{"class":58},[44,2440,2441],{"class":139},"len",[44,2443,127],{"class":58},[44,2445,176],{"class":123},[44,2447,120],{"class":58},[44,2449,124],{"class":123},[44,2451,127],{"class":58},[44,2453,130],{"class":123},[44,2455,2432],{"class":58},[20,2457,2458],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[205,2460,2461,2464,2467,2470],{},[208,2462,2463],{},"what is in each set",[208,2465,2466],{},"what result Python creates",[208,2468,2469],{},"that the result is a set",[208,2471,2472],{},"how many items remain",[181,2474],{},[30,2476,2478],{"id":2477},"faq","FAQ",[1044,2480,2482,2483,2485],{"id":2481},"does-difference-change-the-original-set","Does ",[15,2484,17],{}," change the original set?",[20,2487,2488],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1044,2490,2492,2493,2495,2496,1447],{"id":2491},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update","What is the difference between ",[15,2494,17],{}," and ",[15,2497,1039],{},[20,2499,2500,2502,2503,2505],{},[15,2501,17],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,2504,1039],{}," modifies the original set.",[1044,2507,2509,2510,2512],{"id":2508},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets","Can I use ",[15,2511,17],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,2514,2515],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1044,2517,2519],{"id":2518},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,2521,2522],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[181,2524],{},[30,2526,2528],{"id":2527},"see-also","See also",[205,2530,2531,2535,2545],{},[208,2532,2533],{},[176,2534,228],{"href":227},[208,2536,2537],{},[176,2538,2540,2541,2544],{"href":2539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F","Python set ",[15,2542,2543],{},"intersection()"," method",[208,2546,2547],{},[176,2548,2540,2550,2544],{"href":2549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,2551,2552],{},"union()",[2554,2555,2556],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":2558},[2559,2560,2562,2563,2564,2565,2567,2572,2574,2582,2591],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":185,"depth":85,"text":2561},"What difference() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":862,"depth":85,"text":2566},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":1033,"depth":85,"text":2568,"children":2569},"difference() vs difference_update()",[2570,2571],{"id":124,"depth":109,"text":17},{"id":1188,"depth":109,"text":1039},{"id":1310,"depth":85,"text":2573},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":2575},[2576,2577,2578,2579,2580,2581],{"id":1588,"depth":109,"text":1589},{"id":1779,"depth":109,"text":1780},{"id":1931,"depth":109,"text":1932},{"id":2100,"depth":109,"text":2101},{"id":2188,"depth":109,"text":2189},{"id":2314,"depth":109,"text":2315},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":2583},[2584,2586,2588,2590],{"id":2481,"depth":109,"text":2585},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":2491,"depth":109,"text":2587},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":2508,"depth":109,"text":2589},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":2518,"depth":109,"text":2519},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":5,"description":2592},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",[2600,4189,5895,7590,9732,11928,13444,15621,17827,20284,22122,24687,26786,29067,31014,32925,34920,36360,38188,40712,42873,44102,45472,47119,49440,51284,53266,54960,56212,57905,59653,61625,63375,65475,66835,68786,70349,72340,74135,76035,78477,80555,83194,85222,87185,89373,91377,93690,95371,96816,98004,99181,101020,103293,104997,107012,108536,109781,110944,112326,114397,116294,118068,119934,122053,123793,125255,126849,128772,130449,132384,133873,136657,138234,139793,141821,143773,145236,146425,148311,149722,151418,152972,154394,155797,157695,160089,161920],{"id":2601,"title":2602,"body":2603,"description":4183,"extension":2593,"meta":4184,"navigation":364,"path":4185,"seo":4186,"stem":4187,"__hash__":4188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2604,"toc":4155},[2605,2608,2614,2617,2628,2631,2635,2697,2699,2719,2724,2728,2733,2736,2752,2755,2780,2783,2785,2788,2804,2807,2834,2836,2894,2896,2911,2921,2932,2936,2939,2993,2995,3015,3018,3042,3049,3053,3058,3064,3066,3103,3105,3114,3120,3137,3140,3152,3156,3161,3165,3168,3187,3189,3246,3248,3256,3259,3263,3295,3297,3305,3308,3312,3317,3365,3367,3375,3379,3438,3440,3448,3451,3455,3459,3462,3485,3494,3509,3559,3561,3576,3587,3591,3594,3623,3630,3634,3639,3680,3682,3693,3696,3739,3741,3749,3753,3758,3780,3782,3791,3800,3804,3809,3831,3833,3903,3905,3952,3955,3958,3961,4041,4043,4074,4076,4080,4083,4087,4090,4094,4097,4101,4113,4117,4120,4122,4152],[10,2606,2602],{"id":2607},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2609,192,2610,2613],{},[15,2611,2612],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2615,2616],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[205,2618,2619,2622,2625],{},[208,2620,2621],{},"a number without its negative sign",[208,2623,2624],{},"the distance between two numbers",[208,2626,2627],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2629,2630],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,2632,2634],{"id":2633},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,2636,2638],{"className":37,"code":2637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2639,2640,2658,2673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2641,2642,2644,2646,2649,2651,2653,2656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2643,140],{"class":139},[44,2645,127],{"class":58},[44,2647,2648],{"class":139},"abs",[44,2650,127],{"class":58},[44,2652,1316],{"class":54},[44,2654,2655],{"class":62},"7",[44,2657,556],{"class":58},[44,2659,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2661,140],{"class":139},[44,2663,127],{"class":58},[44,2665,2648],{"class":139},[44,2667,127],{"class":58},[44,2669,2670],{"class":62},"3.5",[44,2672,556],{"class":58},[44,2674,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2690,2692,2695],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2676,140],{"class":139},[44,2678,127],{"class":58},[44,2680,2648],{"class":139},[44,2682,127],{"class":58},[44,2684,1316],{"class":54},[44,2686,339],{"class":62},[44,2688,2689],{"class":54},"+",[44,2691,95],{"class":62},[44,2693,2694],{"class":579},"j",[44,2696,556],{"class":58},[20,2698,150],{},[35,2700,2702],{"className":37,"code":2701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2703,2704,2709,2714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2705,2706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2707,2708],{"class":62},"7\n",[44,2710,2711],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2712,2713],{"class":62},"3.5\n",[44,2715,2716],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2717,2718],{"class":62},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2720,1296,2721,2723],{},[15,2722,2612],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,2725,2727],{"id":2726},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2729,2730,2732],{},[15,2731,2612],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2734,2735],{},"That means:",[205,2737,2738,2741,2744],{},[208,2739,2740],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[208,2742,2743],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[208,2745,2746,2749,2750],{},[15,2747,2748],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2751,2748],{},[20,2753,2754],{},"Examples:",[205,2756,2757,2765,2773],{},[208,2758,2759,2762,2763],{},[15,2760,2761],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2764,357],{},[208,2766,2767,2762,2770],{},[15,2768,2769],{},"abs(9)",[15,2771,2772],{},"9",[208,2774,2775,2762,2778],{},[15,2776,2777],{},"abs(0)",[15,2779,2748],{},[20,2781,2782],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,2784,234],{"id":233},[20,2786,2787],{},"The syntax is:",[35,2789,2791],{"className":37,"code":2790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,2792,2793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2794,2795,2797,2799,2802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2796,2648],{"class":139},[44,2798,127],{"class":58},[44,2800,2801],{"class":123},"x",[44,2803,133],{"class":58},[20,2805,2806],{},"Here:",[205,2808,2809,2826,2831],{},[208,2810,2811,2813,2814,2817,2818,2821,2822,2825],{},[15,2812,2801],{}," is usually an ",[15,2815,2816],{},"int",", ",[15,2819,2820],{},"float",", or ",[15,2823,2824],{},"complex"," number",[208,2827,2828,2830],{},[15,2829,2612],{}," returns a new value",[208,2832,2833],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2835,295],{},[35,2837,2839],{"className":37,"code":2838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2840,2841,2854,2870,2874,2884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2842,2843,2846,2848,2851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2844,2845],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2847,55],{"class":54},[44,2849,2850],{"class":54}," -",[44,2852,2853],{"class":62},"12\n",[44,2855,2856,2858,2860,2863,2865,2868],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2857,112],{"class":50},[44,2859,55],{"class":54},[44,2861,2862],{"class":139}," abs",[44,2864,127],{"class":58},[44,2866,2867],{"class":123},"number",[44,2869,133],{"class":58},[44,2871,2872],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2873,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,2875,2876,2878,2880,2882],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,2877,140],{"class":139},[44,2879,127],{"class":58},[44,2881,2867],{"class":123},[44,2883,133],{"class":58},[44,2885,2886,2888,2890,2892],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,2887,140],{"class":139},[44,2889,127],{"class":58},[44,2891,145],{"class":123},[44,2893,133],{"class":58},[20,2895,150],{},[35,2897,2899],{"className":37,"code":2898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2900,2901,2907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2902,2903,2905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2904,1316],{"class":54},[44,2906,2853],{"class":62},[44,2908,2909],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2910,2853],{"class":62},[20,2912,2913,2914,2916,2917,2920],{},"Notice that ",[15,2915,2867],{}," is still ",[15,2918,2919],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2922,2923,2924,2931],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[176,2925,2927,2930],{"href":2926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2928,2929],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,2933,2935],{"id":2934},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2937,2938],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2940,2942],{"className":37,"code":2941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2943,2944,2961,2976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2945,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2947,140],{"class":139},[44,2949,127],{"class":58},[44,2951,2648],{"class":139},[44,2953,127],{"class":58},[44,2955,1316],{"class":54},[44,2957,2958],{"class":62},"10",[44,2960,556],{"class":58},[44,2962,2963,2965,2967,2969,2971,2974],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,2964,140],{"class":139},[44,2966,127],{"class":58},[44,2968,2648],{"class":139},[44,2970,127],{"class":58},[44,2972,2973],{"class":62},"8",[44,2975,556],{"class":58},[44,2977,2978,2980,2982,2984,2986,2988,2991],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,2979,140],{"class":139},[44,2981,127],{"class":58},[44,2983,2648],{"class":139},[44,2985,127],{"class":58},[44,2987,1316],{"class":54},[44,2989,2990],{"class":62},"4.2",[44,2992,556],{"class":58},[20,2994,150],{},[35,2996,2998],{"className":37,"code":2997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2999,3000,3005,3010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3001,3002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3003,3004],{"class":62},"10\n",[44,3006,3007],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3008,3009],{"class":62},"8\n",[44,3011,3012],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3013,3014],{"class":62},"4.2\n",[20,3016,3017],{},"What each line does:",[205,3019,3020,3028,3035],{},[208,3021,3022,3025,3026],{},[15,3023,3024],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3027,2958],{},[208,3029,3030,3025,3033],{},[15,3031,3032],{},"abs(8)",[15,3034,2973],{},[208,3036,3037,3025,3040],{},[15,3038,3039],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3041,2990],{},[20,3043,3044,3045,120],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[176,3046,3048],{"href":3047},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,3050,3052],{"id":3051},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3054,3055,3057],{},[15,3056,2612],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3059,3060,3061,3063],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3062,2748],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3065,295],{},[35,3067,3069],{"className":37,"code":3068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3070,3071,3088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3072,3073,3076,3078,3080,3083,3085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3074,3075],{"class":50},"value ",[44,3077,55],{"class":54},[44,3079,74],{"class":62},[44,3081,3082],{"class":54}," +",[44,3084,79],{"class":62},[44,3086,3087],{"class":579},"j\n",[44,3089,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3101],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3091,140],{"class":139},[44,3093,127],{"class":58},[44,3095,2648],{"class":139},[44,3097,127],{"class":58},[44,3099,3100],{"class":123},"value",[44,3102,556],{"class":58},[20,3104,150],{},[35,3106,3108],{"className":37,"code":3107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,3109,3110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3111,3112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3113,3107],{"class":62},[20,3115,3116,3117,1447],{},"Why ",[15,3118,3119],{},"5.0",[205,3121,3122,3127,3132],{},[208,3123,3124,3125],{},"the real part is ",[15,3126,95],{},[208,3128,3129,3130],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3131,1517],{},[208,3133,3134,3135],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3136,3119],{},[20,3138,3139],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[205,3141,3142,3149],{},[208,3143,3144,3146,3147],{},[15,3145,2612],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3148,2820],{},[208,3150,3151],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,3153,3155],{"id":3154},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3157,3158,3159,120],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3160,2612],{},[1044,3162,3164],{"id":3163},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3166,3167],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,3169,3171],{"className":37,"code":3170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3172,3173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3174,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3176,2648],{"class":139},[44,3178,127],{"class":58},[44,3180,51],{"class":123},[44,3182,1316],{"class":54},[44,3184,1405],{"class":123},[44,3186,133],{"class":58},[20,3188,295],{},[35,3190,3192],{"className":37,"code":3191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3193,3194,3203,3212,3216,3235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3195,3196,3198,3200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3197,51],{"class":50},[44,3199,55],{"class":54},[44,3201,3202],{"class":62}," 3\n",[44,3204,3205,3207,3209],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3206,88],{"class":50},[44,3208,55],{"class":54},[44,3210,3211],{"class":62}," 10\n",[44,3213,3214],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3215,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,3217,3218,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,3219,3220],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,3222,55],{"class":54},[44,3224,2862],{"class":139},[44,3226,127],{"class":58},[44,3228,51],{"class":123},[44,3230,1316],{"class":54},[44,3232,1405],{"class":123},[44,3234,133],{"class":58},[44,3236,3237,3239,3241,3244],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,3238,140],{"class":139},[44,3240,127],{"class":58},[44,3242,3243],{"class":123},"distance",[44,3245,133],{"class":58},[20,3247,150],{},[35,3249,3250],{"className":37,"code":2708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3251,3252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3253,3254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3255,2708],{"class":62},[20,3257,3258],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1044,3260,3262],{"id":3261},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,3264,3266],{"className":37,"code":3265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3267,3268,3280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3269,3270,3273,3275,3277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3271,3272],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,3274,55],{"class":54},[44,3276,2850],{"class":54},[44,3278,3279],{"class":62},"6\n",[44,3281,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3293],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3283,140],{"class":139},[44,3285,127],{"class":58},[44,3287,2648],{"class":139},[44,3289,127],{"class":58},[44,3291,3292],{"class":123},"temperature_change",[44,3294,556],{"class":58},[20,3296,150],{},[35,3298,3299],{"className":37,"code":3279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3300,3301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3302,3303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3304,3279],{"class":62},[20,3306,3307],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1044,3309,3311],{"id":3310},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3313,3314,3315,2931],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3316,2612],{},[35,3318,3320],{"className":37,"code":3319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3321,3322,3334,3350,3354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3323,3324,3327,3329,3331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3325,3326],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,3328,55],{"class":54},[44,3330,2850],{"class":54},[44,3332,3333],{"class":62},"25\n",[44,3335,3336,3339,3341,3343,3345,3348],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3337,3338],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,3340,55],{"class":54},[44,3342,2862],{"class":139},[44,3344,127],{"class":58},[44,3346,3347],{"class":123},"balance_change",[44,3349,133],{"class":58},[44,3351,3352],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3353,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,3355,3356,3358,3360,3363],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,3357,140],{"class":139},[44,3359,127],{"class":58},[44,3361,3362],{"class":123},"safe_value",[44,3364,133],{"class":58},[20,3366,150],{},[35,3368,3369],{"className":37,"code":3333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3370,3371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3372,3373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3374,3333],{"class":62},[1044,3376,3378],{"id":3377},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,3380,3382],{"className":37,"code":3381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3383,3384,3394,3404,3408,3428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3385,3386,3389,3391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3387,3388],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,3390,55],{"class":54},[44,3392,3393],{"class":62}," 42\n",[44,3395,3396,3399,3401],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3397,3398],{"class":50},"target ",[44,3400,55],{"class":54},[44,3402,3403],{"class":62}," 50\n",[44,3405,3406],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3407,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,3409,3410,3413,3415,3417,3419,3421,3423,3426],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,3411,3412],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,3414,55],{"class":54},[44,3416,2862],{"class":139},[44,3418,127],{"class":58},[44,3420,3388],{"class":123},[44,3422,1316],{"class":54},[44,3424,3425],{"class":123}," target",[44,3427,133],{"class":58},[44,3429,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,3431,140],{"class":139},[44,3433,127],{"class":58},[44,3435,124],{"class":123},[44,3437,133],{"class":58},[20,3439,150],{},[35,3441,3442],{"className":37,"code":3009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3443,3444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3445,3446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3447,3009],{"class":62},[20,3449,3450],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,3452,3454],{"id":3453},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1044,3456,3458],{"id":3457},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3460,3461],{},"This causes an error:",[35,3463,3465],{"className":37,"code":3464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3466,3467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3468,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3470,140],{"class":139},[44,3472,127],{"class":58},[44,3474,2648],{"class":139},[44,3476,127],{"class":58},[44,3478,633],{"class":583},[44,3480,357],{"class":587},[44,3482,633],{"class":583},[44,3484,556],{"class":58},[20,3486,3487,3490,3491,3493],{},[15,3488,3489],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3492,2612],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3495,3496,3497,428,3503,1598],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[176,3498,3500],{"href":3499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3501,3502],{},"int()",[176,3504,3506],{"href":3505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3507,3508],{},"float()",[35,3510,3512],{"className":37,"code":3511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3513,3514,3536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3515,3516,3518,3520,3522,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3517,140],{"class":139},[44,3519,127],{"class":58},[44,3521,2648],{"class":139},[44,3523,127],{"class":58},[44,3525,2816],{"class":548},[44,3527,127],{"class":58},[44,3529,633],{"class":583},[44,3531,357],{"class":587},[44,3533,633],{"class":583},[44,3535,2432],{"class":58},[44,3537,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3555,3557],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3539,140],{"class":139},[44,3541,127],{"class":58},[44,3543,2648],{"class":139},[44,3545,127],{"class":58},[44,3547,2820],{"class":548},[44,3549,127],{"class":58},[44,3551,633],{"class":583},[44,3553,3554],{"class":587},"-3.2",[44,3556,633],{"class":583},[44,3558,2432],{"class":58},[20,3560,150],{},[35,3562,3564],{"className":37,"code":3563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3565,3566,3571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3567,3568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3569,3570],{"class":62},"5\n",[44,3572,3573],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3574,3575],{"class":62},"3.2\n",[20,3577,3578,3579,3582,3583,120],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3580,3581],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[176,3584,3586],{"href":3585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1044,3588,3590],{"id":3589},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3592,3593],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,3595,3597],{"className":37,"code":3596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3598,3599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3600,3601,3603,3605,3607,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3602,140],{"class":139},[44,3604,127],{"class":58},[44,3606,2648],{"class":139},[44,3608,3609],{"class":58},"([",[44,3611,63],{"class":62},[44,3613,66],{"class":58},[44,3615,69],{"class":62},[44,3617,66],{"class":58},[44,3619,74],{"class":62},[44,3621,3622],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,3624,3625,3626,3629],{},"This raises a ",[15,3627,3628],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1044,3631,3633],{"id":3632},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3635,3636,3638],{},[15,3637,2612],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,3640,3642],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3643,3644,3656,3666,3670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3645,3646,3649,3651,3653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3647,3648],{"class":50},"x ",[44,3650,55],{"class":54},[44,3652,2850],{"class":54},[44,3654,3655],{"class":62},"9\n",[44,3657,3658,3660,3662,3664],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3659,2648],{"class":139},[44,3661,127],{"class":58},[44,3663,2801],{"class":123},[44,3665,133],{"class":58},[44,3667,3668],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3669,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,3671,3672,3674,3676,3678],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,3673,140],{"class":139},[44,3675,127],{"class":58},[44,3677,2801],{"class":123},[44,3679,133],{"class":58},[20,3681,150],{},[35,3683,3685],{"className":37,"code":3684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,3686,3687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3688,3689,3691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3690,1316],{"class":54},[44,3692,3655],{"class":62},[20,3694,3695],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,3697,3699],{"className":37,"code":3698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3700,3701,3711,3725,3729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3702,3703,3705,3707,3709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3704,3648],{"class":50},[44,3706,55],{"class":54},[44,3708,2850],{"class":54},[44,3710,3655],{"class":62},[44,3712,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721,3723],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3714,3648],{"class":50},[44,3716,55],{"class":54},[44,3718,2862],{"class":139},[44,3720,127],{"class":58},[44,3722,2801],{"class":123},[44,3724,133],{"class":58},[44,3726,3727],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3728,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,3730,3731,3733,3735,3737],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,3732,140],{"class":139},[44,3734,127],{"class":58},[44,3736,2801],{"class":123},[44,3738,133],{"class":58},[20,3740,150],{},[35,3742,3743],{"className":37,"code":3655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3744,3745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3746,3747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3748,3655],{"class":62},[1044,3750,3752],{"id":3751},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3754,3755,3757],{},[15,3756,2612],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,3759,3761],{"className":37,"code":3760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3762,3763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3764,3765,3767,3769,3771,3773,3775,3778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3766,140],{"class":139},[44,3768,127],{"class":58},[44,3770,2648],{"class":139},[44,3772,127],{"class":58},[44,3774,1316],{"class":54},[44,3776,3777],{"class":62},"4.7",[44,3779,556],{"class":58},[20,3781,150],{},[35,3783,3785],{"className":37,"code":3784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,3786,3787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3788,3789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3790,3784],{"class":62},[20,3792,3793,3794,3796,3797,3799],{},"If you expected ",[15,3795,357],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3798,2612],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,3801,3803],{"id":3802},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3805,3806,3808],{},[15,3807,2612],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[205,3810,3811,3818,3825],{},[208,3812,3813,3815,3816],{},[15,3814,2816],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3817,2816],{},[208,3819,3820,3822,3823],{},[15,3821,2820],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3824,2820],{},[208,3826,3827,3822,3829],{},[15,3828,2824],{},[15,3830,2820],{},[20,3832,295],{},[35,3834,3836],{"className":37,"code":3835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3837,3838,3858,3879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3839,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3841,140],{"class":139},[44,3843,127],{"class":58},[44,3845,549],{"class":548},[44,3847,127],{"class":58},[44,3849,2648],{"class":139},[44,3851,127],{"class":58},[44,3853,1316],{"class":54},[44,3855,357],{"class":62},[44,3857,2432],{"class":58},[44,3859,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3877],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3861,140],{"class":139},[44,3863,127],{"class":58},[44,3865,549],{"class":548},[44,3867,127],{"class":58},[44,3869,2648],{"class":139},[44,3871,127],{"class":58},[44,3873,1316],{"class":54},[44,3875,3876],{"class":62},"3.2",[44,3878,2432],{"class":58},[44,3880,3881,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3882,140],{"class":139},[44,3884,127],{"class":58},[44,3886,549],{"class":548},[44,3888,127],{"class":58},[44,3890,2648],{"class":139},[44,3892,127],{"class":58},[44,3894,95],{"class":62},[44,3896,3082],{"class":54},[44,3898,79],{"class":62},[44,3900,2694],{"class":579},[44,3902,2432],{"class":58},[20,3904,150],{},[35,3906,3908],{"className":37,"code":3907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3909,3910,3924,3938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3911,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3913,576],{"class":54},[44,3915,580],{"class":579},[44,3917,584],{"class":583},[44,3919,2816],{"class":587},[44,3921,590],{"class":583},[44,3923,593],{"class":54},[44,3925,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3927,576],{"class":54},[44,3929,580],{"class":579},[44,3931,584],{"class":583},[44,3933,2820],{"class":587},[44,3935,590],{"class":583},[44,3937,593],{"class":54},[44,3939,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948,3950],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3941,576],{"class":54},[44,3943,580],{"class":579},[44,3945,584],{"class":583},[44,3947,2820],{"class":587},[44,3949,590],{"class":583},[44,3951,593],{"class":54},[20,3953,3954],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3956,3957],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3959,3960],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3962,3964],{"className":37,"code":3963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3965,3966,3980,3990,4004,4008,4022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3967,3968,3970,3972,3974,3977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3969,3075],{"class":50},[44,3971,55],{"class":54},[44,3973,643],{"class":583},[44,3975,3976],{"class":587},"-5",[44,3978,3979],{"class":583},"\"\n",[44,3981,3982,3984,3986,3988],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,3983,140],{"class":139},[44,3985,127],{"class":58},[44,3987,3100],{"class":123},[44,3989,133],{"class":58},[44,3991,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,3993,140],{"class":139},[44,3995,127],{"class":58},[44,3997,549],{"class":548},[44,3999,127],{"class":58},[44,4001,3100],{"class":123},[44,4003,556],{"class":58},[44,4005,4006],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,4007,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,4009,4010,4013,4015,4017,4020],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,4011,4012],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,4014,55],{"class":54},[44,4016,643],{"class":583},[44,4018,4019],{"class":587},"-3.7",[44,4021,3979],{"class":583},[44,4023,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4039],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,4025,140],{"class":139},[44,4027,127],{"class":58},[44,4029,2648],{"class":139},[44,4031,127],{"class":58},[44,4033,2820],{"class":548},[44,4035,127],{"class":58},[44,4037,4038],{"class":123},"user_input",[44,4040,2432],{"class":58},[20,4042,150],{},[35,4044,4046],{"className":37,"code":4045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4047,4048,4054,4069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4049,4050,4052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4051,1316],{"class":54},[44,4053,3570],{"class":62},[44,4055,4056,4058,4060,4062,4065,4067],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4057,576],{"class":54},[44,4059,580],{"class":579},[44,4061,584],{"class":583},[44,4063,4064],{"class":587},"str",[44,4066,590],{"class":583},[44,4068,593],{"class":54},[44,4070,4071],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,4072,4073],{"class":62},"3.7\n",[30,4075,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,4077,4079],{"id":4078},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4081,4082],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1044,4084,4086],{"id":4085},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4088,4089],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1044,4091,4093],{"id":4092},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4095,4096],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1044,4098,4100],{"id":4099},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4102,4103,4105,4106,428,4108,4110,4111,120],{},[15,4104,3581],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4107,3502],{},[15,4109,3508],{}," before using ",[15,4112,2612],{},[1044,4114,4116],{"id":4115},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4118,4119],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,4121,2528],{"id":2527},[205,4123,4124,4131,4137,4143,4148],{},[208,4125,4126],{},[176,4127,4128,4130],{"href":3499},[15,4129,3502],{}," function explained",[208,4132,4133],{},[176,4134,4135,4130],{"href":3505},[15,4136,3508],{},[208,4138,4139],{},[176,4140,4141,4130],{"href":2926},[15,4142,2929],{},[208,4144,4145],{},[176,4146,4147],{"href":3585},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[208,4149,4150],{},[176,4151,3048],{"href":3047},[2554,4153,4154],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":4156},[4157,4158,4159,4160,4161,4162,4168,4174,4175,4182],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":2726,"depth":85,"text":2727},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":2934,"depth":85,"text":2935},{"id":3051,"depth":85,"text":3052},{"id":3154,"depth":85,"text":3155,"children":4163},[4164,4165,4166,4167],{"id":3163,"depth":109,"text":3164},{"id":3261,"depth":109,"text":3262},{"id":3310,"depth":109,"text":3311},{"id":3377,"depth":109,"text":3378},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":4169},[4170,4171,4172,4173],{"id":3457,"depth":109,"text":3458},{"id":3589,"depth":109,"text":3590},{"id":3632,"depth":109,"text":3633},{"id":3751,"depth":109,"text":3752},{"id":3802,"depth":85,"text":3803},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":4176},[4177,4178,4179,4180,4181],{"id":4078,"depth":109,"text":4079},{"id":4085,"depth":109,"text":4086},{"id":4092,"depth":109,"text":4093},{"id":4099,"depth":109,"text":4100},{"id":4115,"depth":109,"text":4116},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2602,"description":4183},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4190,"title":4191,"body":4192,"description":5889,"extension":2593,"meta":5890,"navigation":364,"path":5891,"seo":5892,"stem":5893,"__hash__":5894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4193,"toc":5853},[4194,4202,4208,4211,4228,4230,4285,4295,4300,4304,4323,4326,4343,4346,4350,4358,4375,4378,4416,4419,4426,4432,4510,4512,4544,4550,4554,4558,4597,4599,4608,4615,4619,4658,4660,4669,4679,4683,4737,4739,4747,4750,4753,4800,4802,4810,4816,4823,4828,4831,4834,4900,4902,4910,4913,4980,4982,4990,5004,5007,5018,5022,5028,5031,5033,5049,5051,5059,5062,5065,5068,5085,5088,5091,5121,5123,5136,5138,5142,5145,5160,5165,5168,5195,5202,5205,5244,5249,5255,5263,5266,5318,5325,5389,5394,5403,5406,5424,5430,5433,5575,5581,5586,5589,5600,5603,5659,5661,5669,5672,5731,5733,5741,5744,5755,5757,5764,5773,5782,5785,5792,5795,5803,5816,5818,5850],[10,4195,4197,4198,4201],{"id":4196},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,4199,4200],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,4203,4204,4205,4207],{},"Python’s ",[15,4206,4200],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4209,4210],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[205,4212,4213,4216,4219],{},[208,4214,4215],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[208,4217,4218],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[208,4220,4221,3025,4224,4227],{},[15,4222,4223],{},"all([])",[15,4225,4226],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,4229,33],{"id":32},[35,4231,4233],{"className":37,"code":4232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4234,4235,4255,4271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4236,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4238,884],{"class":50},[44,4240,55],{"class":54},[44,4242,1954],{"class":58},[44,4244,63],{"class":62},[44,4246,66],{"class":58},[44,4248,69],{"class":62},[44,4250,66],{"class":58},[44,4252,74],{"class":62},[44,4254,1967],{"class":58},[44,4256,4257,4259,4261,4264,4266,4269],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4258,112],{"class":50},[44,4260,55],{"class":54},[44,4262,4263],{"class":139}," all",[44,4265,127],{"class":58},[44,4267,4268],{"class":123},"numbers",[44,4270,133],{"class":58},[44,4272,4273,4275,4277,4279,4282],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,4274,140],{"class":139},[44,4276,127],{"class":58},[44,4278,145],{"class":123},[44,4280,4281],{"class":58},")",[44,4283,4284],{"class":1992},"  # True\n",[20,4286,4287,3025,4289,4291,4292,120],{},[15,4288,4200],{},[15,4290,4226],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4293,4294],{},"False",[30,4296,186,4298,189],{"id":4297},"what-all-does",[15,4299,4200],{},[20,4301,4302,1598],{},[15,4303,4200],{},[205,4305,4306,4309,4315,4320],{},[208,4307,4308],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[208,4310,4311,4312,4314],{},"returns ",[15,4313,4226],{}," if all items are truthy",[208,4316,4311,4317,4319],{},[15,4318,4294],{}," if any item is falsy",[208,4321,4322],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4324,4325],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,4327,4329],{"className":37,"code":4328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4330,4331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4332,4333,4336,4338,4341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4334,4335],{"class":139},"all",[44,4337,127],{"class":58},[44,4339,4340],{"class":123},"iterable",[44,4342,133],{"class":58},[20,4344,4345],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,4347,4349],{"id":4348},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4351,4352,4353,428,4355,4357],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4354,4226],{},[15,4356,4294],{}," in conditions.",[205,4359,4360,4368],{},[208,4361,4362,4365,4366],{},[197,4363,4364],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4367,4226],{},[208,4369,4370,4365,4373],{},[197,4371,4372],{},"Falsy",[15,4374,4294],{},[20,4376,4377],{},"Common falsy values include:",[205,4379,4380,4384,4389,4394,4399,4403,4408,4412],{},[208,4381,4382],{},[15,4383,2748],{},[208,4385,4386],{},[15,4387,4388],{},"0.0",[208,4390,4391],{},[15,4392,4393],{},"''",[208,4395,4396],{},[15,4397,4398],{},"None",[208,4400,4401],{},[15,4402,4294],{},[208,4404,4405],{},[15,4406,4407],{},"[]",[208,4409,4410],{},[15,4411,603],{},[208,4413,4414],{},[15,4415,599],{},[20,4417,4418],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4420,4421,4422,120],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[176,4423,4425],{"href":4424},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4427,4428,4429,1598],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4430,4431],{},"bool()",[35,4433,4435],{"className":37,"code":4434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4436,4437,4475,4479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4438,4439,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4453,4455,4458,4460,4462,4465,4467,4469,4473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4440,4441],{"class":50},"values ",[44,4443,55],{"class":54},[44,4445,1954],{"class":58},[44,4447,63],{"class":62},[44,4449,66],{"class":58},[44,4451,4452],{"class":62}," 0",[44,4454,66],{"class":58},[44,4456,4457],{"class":583}," ''",[44,4459,66],{"class":58},[44,4461,584],{"class":583},[44,4463,4464],{"class":587},"hello",[44,4466,590],{"class":583},[44,4468,66],{"class":58},[44,4470,4472],{"class":4471},"s39Yj"," None",[44,4474,1967],{"class":58},[44,4476,4477],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4478,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,4480,4481,4483,4485,4488,4490,4492,4494,4498,4501,4504,4507],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,4482,140],{"class":139},[44,4484,3609],{"class":58},[44,4486,4487],{"class":548},"bool",[44,4489,127],{"class":58},[44,4491,2801],{"class":123},[44,4493,4281],{"class":58},[44,4495,4497],{"class":4496},"sVHd0"," for",[44,4499,4500],{"class":123}," x ",[44,4502,4503],{"class":4496},"in",[44,4505,4506],{"class":123}," values",[44,4508,4509],{"class":58},"])\n",[20,4511,150],{},[35,4513,4515],{"className":37,"code":4514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4516,4517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4518,4519,4522,4524,4526,4529,4531,4533,4535,4538,4540,4542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4520,4521],{"class":58},"[",[44,4523,4226],{"class":4471},[44,4525,66],{"class":58},[44,4527,4528],{"class":4471}," False",[44,4530,66],{"class":58},[44,4532,4528],{"class":4471},[44,4534,66],{"class":58},[44,4536,4537],{"class":4471}," True",[44,4539,66],{"class":58},[44,4541,4528],{"class":4471},[44,4543,1967],{"class":58},[20,4545,4546,4547,4549],{},"This matters because ",[15,4548,4200],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,4551,4553],{"id":4552},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1044,4555,4557],{"id":4556},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,4559,4561],{"className":37,"code":4560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4562,4563,4583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4564,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4566,884],{"class":50},[44,4568,55],{"class":54},[44,4570,1954],{"class":58},[44,4572,63],{"class":62},[44,4574,66],{"class":58},[44,4576,69],{"class":62},[44,4578,66],{"class":58},[44,4580,74],{"class":62},[44,4582,1967],{"class":58},[44,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4586,140],{"class":139},[44,4588,127],{"class":58},[44,4590,4335],{"class":139},[44,4592,127],{"class":58},[44,4594,4268],{"class":123},[44,4596,556],{"class":58},[20,4598,150],{},[35,4600,4602],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,4603,4604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4605,4606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4607,4601],{"class":4471},[20,4609,4610,4611,3025,4613,120],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4612,4200],{},[15,4614,4226],{},[1044,4616,4618],{"id":4617},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,4620,4622],{"className":37,"code":4621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4623,4624,4644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4625,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4627,884],{"class":50},[44,4629,55],{"class":54},[44,4631,1954],{"class":58},[44,4633,63],{"class":62},[44,4635,66],{"class":58},[44,4637,4452],{"class":62},[44,4639,66],{"class":58},[44,4641,74],{"class":62},[44,4643,1967],{"class":58},[44,4645,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4647,140],{"class":139},[44,4649,127],{"class":58},[44,4651,4335],{"class":139},[44,4653,127],{"class":58},[44,4655,4268],{"class":123},[44,4657,556],{"class":58},[20,4659,150],{},[35,4661,4663],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,4664,4665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4666,4667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4668,4662],{"class":4471},[20,4670,4671,4672,4674,4675,3025,4677,120],{},"The value ",[15,4673,2748],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4676,4200],{},[15,4678,4294],{},[1044,4680,4682],{"id":4681},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,4684,4686],{"className":37,"code":4685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4687,4688,4722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4689,4690,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4718,4720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4691,4692],{"class":50},"words ",[44,4694,55],{"class":54},[44,4696,1954],{"class":58},[44,4698,590],{"class":583},[44,4700,636],{"class":587},[44,4702,590],{"class":583},[44,4704,66],{"class":58},[44,4706,584],{"class":583},[44,4708,646],{"class":587},[44,4710,590],{"class":583},[44,4712,66],{"class":58},[44,4714,584],{"class":583},[44,4716,4717],{"class":587},"cherry",[44,4719,590],{"class":583},[44,4721,1967],{"class":58},[44,4723,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4735],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4725,140],{"class":139},[44,4727,127],{"class":58},[44,4729,4335],{"class":139},[44,4731,127],{"class":58},[44,4733,4734],{"class":123},"words",[44,4736,556],{"class":58},[20,4738,150],{},[35,4740,4741],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4742,4743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4744,4745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4746,4601],{"class":4471},[20,4748,4749],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4751,4752],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,4754,4756],{"className":37,"code":4755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4757,4758,4786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4759,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4761,4692],{"class":50},[44,4763,55],{"class":54},[44,4765,1954],{"class":58},[44,4767,590],{"class":583},[44,4769,636],{"class":587},[44,4771,590],{"class":583},[44,4773,66],{"class":58},[44,4775,4457],{"class":583},[44,4777,66],{"class":58},[44,4779,584],{"class":583},[44,4781,4717],{"class":587},[44,4783,590],{"class":583},[44,4785,1967],{"class":58},[44,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4789,140],{"class":139},[44,4791,127],{"class":58},[44,4793,4335],{"class":139},[44,4795,127],{"class":58},[44,4797,4734],{"class":123},[44,4799,556],{"class":58},[20,4801,150],{},[35,4803,4804],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4805,4806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4807,4808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4809,4662],{"class":4471},[20,4811,4812,4813,4815],{},"The empty string ",[15,4814,4393],{}," is falsy.",[30,4817,4819,4820,4822],{"id":4818},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4821,4200],{}," works with conditions",[20,4824,4825,4827],{},[15,4826,4200],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4829,4830],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4832,4833],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4835,4837],{"className":37,"code":4836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4838,4839,4859,4886,4890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4840,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4842,884],{"class":50},[44,4844,55],{"class":54},[44,4846,1954],{"class":58},[44,4848,63],{"class":62},[44,4850,66],{"class":58},[44,4852,69],{"class":62},[44,4854,66],{"class":58},[44,4856,74],{"class":62},[44,4858,1967],{"class":58},[44,4860,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4862,112],{"class":50},[44,4864,55],{"class":54},[44,4866,4263],{"class":139},[44,4868,127],{"class":58},[44,4870,3648],{"class":123},[44,4872,4873],{"class":54},">",[44,4875,4452],{"class":62},[44,4877,4497],{"class":4496},[44,4879,4500],{"class":123},[44,4881,4503],{"class":4496},[44,4883,975],{"class":123},[44,4885,133],{"class":58},[44,4887,4888],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,4889,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,4891,4892,4894,4896,4898],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,4893,140],{"class":139},[44,4895,127],{"class":58},[44,4897,145],{"class":123},[44,4899,133],{"class":58},[20,4901,150],{},[35,4903,4904],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4905,4906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4907,4908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4909,4601],{"class":4471},[20,4911,4912],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4914,4916],{"className":37,"code":4915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4917,4918,4940,4966,4970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4919,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4921,884],{"class":50},[44,4923,55],{"class":54},[44,4925,1954],{"class":58},[44,4927,63],{"class":62},[44,4929,66],{"class":58},[44,4931,2850],{"class":54},[44,4933,339],{"class":62},[44,4935,66],{"class":58},[44,4937,74],{"class":62},[44,4939,1967],{"class":58},[44,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,4943,112],{"class":50},[44,4945,55],{"class":54},[44,4947,4263],{"class":139},[44,4949,127],{"class":58},[44,4951,3648],{"class":123},[44,4953,4873],{"class":54},[44,4955,4452],{"class":62},[44,4957,4497],{"class":4496},[44,4959,4500],{"class":123},[44,4961,4503],{"class":4496},[44,4963,975],{"class":123},[44,4965,133],{"class":58},[44,4967,4968],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,4969,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,4971,4972,4974,4976,4978],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,4973,140],{"class":139},[44,4975,127],{"class":58},[44,4977,145],{"class":123},[44,4979,133],{"class":58},[20,4981,150],{},[35,4983,4984],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4985,4986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4987,4988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4989,4662],{"class":4471},[20,4991,4992,4993,4996,4997,4999,5000,3025,5002,120],{},"The expression ",[15,4994,4995],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4998,4226],{},", then ",[15,5001,4200],{},[15,5003,4226],{},[20,5005,5006],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5008,5009,5010,2495,5014,120],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[176,5011,5013],{"href":5012},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[176,5015,5017],{"href":5016},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,5019,5021],{"id":5020},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5023,5024,3025,5026,120],{},[15,5025,4223],{},[15,5027,4226],{},[20,5029,5030],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5032,295],{},[35,5034,5036],{"className":37,"code":5035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5037,5038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5039,5040,5042,5044,5046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5041,140],{"class":139},[44,5043,127],{"class":58},[44,5045,4335],{"class":139},[44,5047,5048],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,5050,150],{},[35,5052,5053],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5054,5055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5056,5057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5058,4601],{"class":4471},[20,5060,5061],{},"Why?",[20,5063,5064],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5066,5067],{},"Think of it this way:",[205,5069,5070,5077,5080],{},[208,5071,5072,3025,5074,5076],{},[15,5073,4200],{},[15,5075,4294],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[208,5078,5079],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[208,5081,5082,5083],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5084,4294],{},[20,5086,5087],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5089,5090],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,5092,5094],{"className":37,"code":5093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5095,5096,5107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5097,5098,5100,5102,5104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5099,140],{"class":139},[44,5101,127],{"class":58},[44,5103,4335],{"class":139},[44,5105,5106],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,5108,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5110,140],{"class":139},[44,5112,127],{"class":58},[44,5114,4335],{"class":139},[44,5116,127],{"class":58},[44,5118,4393],{"class":583},[44,5120,556],{"class":58},[20,5122,150],{},[35,5124,5126],{"className":37,"code":5125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5127,5128,5132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5129,5130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5131,4601],{"class":4471},[44,5133,5134],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5135,4601],{"class":4471},[30,5137,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,5139,5141],{"id":5140},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5143,5144],{},"This is wrong:",[35,5146,5148],{"className":37,"code":5147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5149,5150,5155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5151,5152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5153,5154],{"class":1992},"# Wrong\n",[44,5156,5157],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5158,5159],{"class":1992},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5161,5162,5164],{},[15,5163,4200],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5166,5167],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,5169,5171],{"className":37,"code":5170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5172,5173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5174,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5176,140],{"class":139},[44,5178,127],{"class":58},[44,5180,4335],{"class":139},[44,5182,3609],{"class":58},[44,5184,63],{"class":62},[44,5186,66],{"class":58},[44,5188,69],{"class":62},[44,5190,66],{"class":58},[44,5192,74],{"class":62},[44,5194,3622],{"class":58},[1044,5196,5198,5199,5201],{"id":5197},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5200,4200],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5203,5204],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,5206,5208],{"className":37,"code":5207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5209,5210,5230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5211,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5213,884],{"class":50},[44,5215,55],{"class":54},[44,5217,1954],{"class":58},[44,5219,357],{"class":62},[44,5221,66],{"class":58},[44,5223,104],{"class":62},[44,5225,66],{"class":58},[44,5227,104],{"class":62},[44,5229,1967],{"class":58},[44,5231,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5233,140],{"class":139},[44,5235,127],{"class":58},[44,5237,4335],{"class":139},[44,5239,127],{"class":58},[44,5241,4268],{"class":123},[44,5243,556],{"class":58},[20,5245,1592,5246,5248],{},[197,5247,199],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5250,5251,5252,5254],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5253,357],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,5256,5257],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5258,5259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5260,5261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5262,4601],{"class":4471},[20,5264,5265],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,5267,5269],{"className":37,"code":5268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5270,5271,5291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5272,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5274,884],{"class":50},[44,5276,55],{"class":54},[44,5278,1954],{"class":58},[44,5280,357],{"class":62},[44,5282,66],{"class":58},[44,5284,104],{"class":62},[44,5286,66],{"class":58},[44,5288,104],{"class":62},[44,5290,1967],{"class":58},[44,5292,5293,5295,5297,5299,5301,5303,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314,5316],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5294,140],{"class":139},[44,5296,127],{"class":58},[44,5298,4335],{"class":139},[44,5300,127],{"class":58},[44,5302,3648],{"class":123},[44,5304,5305],{"class":54},"==",[44,5307,104],{"class":62},[44,5309,4497],{"class":4496},[44,5311,4500],{"class":123},[44,5313,4503],{"class":4496},[44,5315,975],{"class":123},[44,5317,556],{"class":58},[1044,5319,5321,5322,5324],{"id":5320},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5323,2748],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,5326,5328],{"className":37,"code":5327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5329,5330,5356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5331,5332,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5333,140],{"class":139},[44,5335,127],{"class":58},[44,5337,4335],{"class":139},[44,5339,3609],{"class":58},[44,5341,63],{"class":62},[44,5343,66],{"class":58},[44,5345,69],{"class":62},[44,5347,66],{"class":58},[44,5349,4452],{"class":62},[44,5351,5352],{"class":58},"]))",[44,5354,5355],{"class":1992},"       # False\n",[44,5357,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384,5386],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5359,140],{"class":139},[44,5361,127],{"class":58},[44,5363,4335],{"class":139},[44,5365,3609],{"class":58},[44,5367,590],{"class":583},[44,5369,176],{"class":587},[44,5371,590],{"class":583},[44,5373,66],{"class":58},[44,5375,584],{"class":583},[44,5377,130],{"class":587},[44,5379,590],{"class":583},[44,5381,66],{"class":58},[44,5383,4457],{"class":583},[44,5385,5352],{"class":58},[44,5387,5388],{"class":1992},"  # False\n",[20,5390,5391,5392,120],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5393,4294],{},[1044,5395,5397,5398,5400,5401],{"id":5396},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5399,4223],{}," is ",[15,5402,4226],{},[20,5404,5405],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,5407,5409],{"className":37,"code":5408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5410,5411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5414,140],{"class":139},[44,5416,127],{"class":58},[44,5418,4335],{"class":139},[44,5420,5421],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,5423,4284],{"class":1992},[20,5425,5426,5427,5429],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5428,4226],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5431,5432],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,5434,5436],{"className":37,"code":5435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5437,5438,5460,5482,5529,5565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5439,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5441,140],{"class":139},[44,5443,127],{"class":58},[44,5445,4335],{"class":139},[44,5447,3609],{"class":58},[44,5449,63],{"class":62},[44,5451,66],{"class":58},[44,5453,69],{"class":62},[44,5455,66],{"class":58},[44,5457,74],{"class":62},[44,5459,3622],{"class":58},[44,5461,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5463,140],{"class":139},[44,5465,127],{"class":58},[44,5467,4335],{"class":139},[44,5469,3609],{"class":58},[44,5471,63],{"class":62},[44,5473,66],{"class":58},[44,5475,4452],{"class":62},[44,5477,66],{"class":58},[44,5479,74],{"class":62},[44,5481,3622],{"class":58},[44,5483,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512,5514,5516,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,5485,140],{"class":139},[44,5487,3609],{"class":58},[44,5489,4487],{"class":548},[44,5491,127],{"class":58},[44,5493,2801],{"class":123},[44,5495,4281],{"class":58},[44,5497,4497],{"class":4496},[44,5499,4500],{"class":123},[44,5501,4503],{"class":4496},[44,5503,1954],{"class":58},[44,5505,63],{"class":62},[44,5507,66],{"class":58},[44,5509,4452],{"class":62},[44,5511,66],{"class":58},[44,5513,4457],{"class":583},[44,5515,66],{"class":58},[44,5517,584],{"class":583},[44,5519,4464],{"class":587},[44,5521,590],{"class":583},[44,5523,66],{"class":58},[44,5525,4472],{"class":4471},[44,5527,5528],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,5530,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561,5563],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,5532,140],{"class":139},[44,5534,127],{"class":58},[44,5536,4335],{"class":139},[44,5538,127],{"class":58},[44,5540,3648],{"class":123},[44,5542,4873],{"class":54},[44,5544,4452],{"class":62},[44,5546,4497],{"class":4496},[44,5548,4500],{"class":123},[44,5550,4503],{"class":4496},[44,5552,1954],{"class":58},[44,5554,63],{"class":62},[44,5556,66],{"class":58},[44,5558,69],{"class":62},[44,5560,66],{"class":58},[44,5562,74],{"class":62},[44,5564,3622],{"class":58},[44,5566,5567,5569,5571,5573],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,5568,140],{"class":139},[44,5570,127],{"class":58},[44,5572,4335],{"class":139},[44,5574,5048],{"class":58},[30,5576,5578,5579],{"id":5577},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5580,4200],{},[20,5582,5583,5585],{},[15,5584,4200],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5587,5588],{},"Common use cases:",[205,5590,5591,5594,5597],{},[208,5592,5593],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[208,5595,5596],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[208,5598,5599],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5601,5602],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,5604,5606],{"className":37,"code":5605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5607,5608,5644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5609,5610,5613,5615,5617,5619,5622,5624,5626,5628,5631,5633,5635,5637,5640,5642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5611,5612],{"class":50},"names ",[44,5614,55],{"class":54},[44,5616,1954],{"class":58},[44,5618,590],{"class":583},[44,5620,5621],{"class":587},"Alice",[44,5623,590],{"class":583},[44,5625,66],{"class":58},[44,5627,584],{"class":583},[44,5629,5630],{"class":587},"Bob",[44,5632,590],{"class":583},[44,5634,66],{"class":58},[44,5636,584],{"class":583},[44,5638,5639],{"class":587},"Charlie",[44,5641,590],{"class":583},[44,5643,1967],{"class":58},[44,5645,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5657],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5647,140],{"class":139},[44,5649,127],{"class":58},[44,5651,4335],{"class":139},[44,5653,127],{"class":58},[44,5655,5656],{"class":123},"names",[44,5658,556],{"class":58},[20,5660,150],{},[35,5662,5663],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5664,5665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5666,5667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5668,4601],{"class":4471},[20,5670,5671],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,5673,5675],{"className":37,"code":5674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5676,5677,5701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5678,5679,5682,5684,5686,5689,5691,5694,5696,5699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5680,5681],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,5683,55],{"class":54},[44,5685,1954],{"class":58},[44,5687,5688],{"class":62},"75",[44,5690,66],{"class":58},[44,5692,5693],{"class":62}," 80",[44,5695,66],{"class":58},[44,5697,5698],{"class":62}," 50",[44,5700,1967],{"class":58},[44,5702,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711,5714,5717,5719,5721,5724,5726,5729],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5704,140],{"class":139},[44,5706,127],{"class":58},[44,5708,4335],{"class":139},[44,5710,127],{"class":58},[44,5712,5713],{"class":123},"score ",[44,5715,5716],{"class":54},">=",[44,5718,5698],{"class":62},[44,5720,4497],{"class":4496},[44,5722,5723],{"class":123}," score ",[44,5725,4503],{"class":4496},[44,5727,5728],{"class":123}," scores",[44,5730,556],{"class":58},[20,5732,150],{},[35,5734,5735],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5736,5737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5738,5739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5740,4601],{"class":4471},[20,5742,5743],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5745,5746,5747,2495,5751,120],{},"For related tasks, see ",[176,5748,5750],{"href":5749},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[176,5752,5754],{"href":5753},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,5756,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,5758,5760,5761,5763],{"id":5759},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5762,4200],{}," return in Python?",[20,5765,5766,5767,5769,5770,5772],{},"It returns ",[15,5768,4226],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5771,4294],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1044,5774,5776,5777,5779,5780,1447],{"id":5775},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5778,4223],{}," return ",[15,5781,4226],{},[20,5783,5784],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1044,5786,5788,5789,5791],{"id":5787},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5790,4200],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5793,5794],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1044,5796,2492,5798,2495,5800,1447],{"id":5797},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5799,4200],{},[15,5801,5802],{},"any()",[20,5804,5805,5807,5808,5810,5811,120],{},[15,5806,4200],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5809,5802],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[176,5812,4197,5814,4130],{"href":5813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5815,5802],{},[30,5817,2528],{"id":2527},[205,5819,5820,5826,5830,5835,5840,5845],{},[208,5821,5822],{},[176,5823,4197,5824,4130],{"href":5813},[15,5825,5802],{},[208,5827,5828],{},[176,5829,4425],{"href":4424},[208,5831,5832],{},[176,5833,5834],{"href":5753},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[208,5836,5837],{},[176,5838,5839],{"href":5749},"How to filter a list in Python",[208,5841,5842],{},[176,5843,5844],{"href":5012},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[208,5846,5847],{},[176,5848,5849],{"href":5016},"What is an iterable in Python",[2554,5851,5852],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":5854},[5855,5856,5858,5859,5864,5866,5867,5876,5878,5888],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":4297,"depth":85,"text":5857},"What all() does",{"id":4348,"depth":85,"text":4349},{"id":4552,"depth":85,"text":4553,"children":5860},[5861,5862,5863],{"id":4556,"depth":109,"text":4557},{"id":4617,"depth":109,"text":4618},{"id":4681,"depth":109,"text":4682},{"id":4818,"depth":85,"text":5865},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5020,"depth":85,"text":5021},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":5868},[5869,5870,5872,5874],{"id":5140,"depth":109,"text":5141},{"id":5197,"depth":109,"text":5871},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5320,"depth":109,"text":5873},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5396,"depth":109,"text":5875},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5577,"depth":85,"text":5877},"When to use all()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":5879},[5880,5882,5884,5886],{"id":5759,"depth":109,"text":5881},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5775,"depth":109,"text":5883},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5787,"depth":109,"text":5885},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5797,"depth":109,"text":5887},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4191,"description":5889},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5896,"title":5897,"body":5898,"description":7585,"extension":2593,"meta":7586,"navigation":364,"path":5813,"seo":7587,"stem":7588,"__hash__":7589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5899,"toc":7563},[5900,5903,5911,5914,5931,5939,5982,5991,5995,6000,6003,6020,6023,6034,6046,6050,6053,6068,6073,6076,6088,6091,6175,6178,6199,6205,6207,6215,6229,6231,6265,6267,6270,6331,6333,6350,6353,6380,6382,6390,6402,6406,6409,6448,6450,6458,6460,6476,6484,6487,6530,6532,6540,6545,6549,6557,6560,6587,6590,6593,6666,6668,6676,6683,6707,6718,6721,6800,6802,6810,6817,6821,6826,6841,6843,6851,6854,6860,6863,6908,6910,6927,6931,6936,6947,6950,7063,7066,7125,7131,7133,7138,7142,7144,7163,7169,7172,7191,7195,7204,7231,7233,7241,7249,7253,7259,7282,7284,7292,7299,7303,7306,7357,7360,7411,7414,7416,7420,7427,7431,7438,7442,7450,7454,7457,7479,7481,7531,7533,7560],[10,5901,5897],{"id":5902},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5904,5905,5907,5908,120],{},[15,5906,5802],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[197,5909,5910],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5912,5913],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[205,5915,5916,5919,5922,5925,5928],{},[208,5917,5918],{},"lists",[208,5920,5921],{},"tuples",[208,5923,5924],{},"sets",[208,5926,5927],{},"strings",[208,5929,5930],{},"generator expressions",[20,5932,5933,5934,428,5936,5938],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5935,4226],{},[15,5937,4294],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5940,5942],{"className":37,"code":5941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5943,5944,5964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5945,5946,5948,5950,5952,5954,5956,5958,5960,5962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5947,4441],{"class":50},[44,5949,55],{"class":54},[44,5951,1954],{"class":58},[44,5953,2748],{"class":62},[44,5955,66],{"class":58},[44,5957,4457],{"class":583},[44,5959,66],{"class":58},[44,5961,104],{"class":62},[44,5963,1967],{"class":58},[44,5965,5966,5968,5970,5972,5974,5977,5980],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,5967,140],{"class":139},[44,5969,127],{"class":58},[44,5971,291],{"class":139},[44,5973,127],{"class":58},[44,5975,5976],{"class":123},"values",[44,5978,5979],{"class":58},"))",[44,5981,4284],{"class":1992},[20,5983,1296,5984,5987,5988,5990],{},[15,5985,5986],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5989,4226],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5992,5994],{"id":5993},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5996,5997,5999],{},[15,5998,5802],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6001,6002],{},"It returns:",[205,6004,6005,6010,6015],{},[208,6006,6007,6009],{},[15,6008,4226],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[208,6011,6012,6014],{},[15,6013,4294],{}," if all items are falsy",[208,6016,6017,6019],{},[15,6018,4294],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6021,6022],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[205,6024,6025,6028,6031],{},[208,6026,6027],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[208,6029,6030],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[208,6032,6033],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6035,6036,6037,6040,6041,120],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[197,6038,6039],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[176,6042,6044],{"href":6043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6045,4200],{},[30,6047,6049],{"id":6048},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6051,6052],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,6054,6056],{"className":37,"code":6055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6057,6058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6059,6060,6062,6064,6066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6061,291],{"class":139},[44,6063,127],{"class":58},[44,6065,4340],{"class":123},[44,6067,133],{"class":58},[20,6069,6070,6071,120],{},"The argument must be an ",[197,6072,4340],{},[20,6074,6075],{},"Common inputs include:",[205,6077,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086],{},[208,6079,5918],{},[208,6081,5921],{},[208,6083,5924],{},[208,6085,5927],{},[208,6087,5930],{},[20,6089,6090],{},"For example:",[35,6092,6094],{"className":37,"code":6093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6095,6096,6118,6137,6157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6097,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6099,140],{"class":139},[44,6101,127],{"class":58},[44,6103,291],{"class":139},[44,6105,3609],{"class":58},[44,6107,2748],{"class":62},[44,6109,66],{"class":58},[44,6111,4452],{"class":62},[44,6113,66],{"class":58},[44,6115,2212],{"class":62},[44,6117,3622],{"class":58},[44,6119,6120,6122,6124,6126,6129,6131,6133,6135],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6121,140],{"class":139},[44,6123,127],{"class":58},[44,6125,291],{"class":139},[44,6127,6128],{"class":58},"((",[44,6130,4294],{"class":4471},[44,6132,66],{"class":58},[44,6134,4528],{"class":4471},[44,6136,2432],{"class":58},[44,6138,6139,6141,6143,6145,6148,6150,6152,6154],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6140,140],{"class":139},[44,6142,127],{"class":58},[44,6144,291],{"class":139},[44,6146,6147],{"class":58},"({",[44,6149,2748],{"class":62},[44,6151,66],{"class":58},[44,6153,69],{"class":62},[44,6155,6156],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,6158,6159,6161,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171,6173],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,6160,140],{"class":139},[44,6162,127],{"class":58},[44,6164,291],{"class":139},[44,6166,127],{"class":58},[44,6168,633],{"class":583},[44,6170,4464],{"class":587},[44,6172,633],{"class":583},[44,6174,556],{"class":58},[20,6176,6177],{},"Expected output:",[35,6179,6181],{"className":37,"code":6180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6182,6183,6187,6191,6195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6184,6185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6186,4601],{"class":4471},[44,6188,6189],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6190,4662],{"class":4471},[44,6192,6193],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6194,4601],{"class":4471},[44,6196,6197],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,6198,4601],{"class":4471},[20,6200,6201,6202,120],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[176,6203,5754],{"href":6204},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,6206,4349],{"id":4348},[20,6208,4352,6209,428,6212,4357],{},[197,6210,6211],{},"truthy",[197,6213,6214],{},"falsy",[205,6216,6217,6223],{},[208,6218,6219,4365,6221],{},[197,6220,4364],{},[15,6222,4226],{},[208,6224,6225,4365,6227],{},[197,6226,4372],{},[15,6228,4294],{},[20,6230,4377],{},[205,6232,6233,6237,6241,6245,6249,6253,6257,6261],{},[208,6234,6235],{},[15,6236,4294],{},[208,6238,6239],{},[15,6240,2748],{},[208,6242,6243],{},[15,6244,4388],{},[208,6246,6247],{},[15,6248,4393],{},[208,6250,6251],{},[15,6252,4407],{},[208,6254,6255],{},[15,6256,603],{},[208,6258,6259],{},[15,6260,599],{},[208,6262,6263],{},[15,6264,4398],{},[20,6266,4418],{},[20,6268,6269],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,6271,6273],{"className":37,"code":6272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6274,6275,6289,6307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6276,6277,6279,6281,6283,6285,6287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6278,140],{"class":139},[44,6280,127],{"class":58},[44,6282,291],{"class":139},[44,6284,3609],{"class":58},[44,6286,63],{"class":62},[44,6288,3622],{"class":58},[44,6290,6291,6293,6295,6297,6299,6301,6303,6305],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6292,140],{"class":139},[44,6294,127],{"class":58},[44,6296,291],{"class":139},[44,6298,3609],{"class":58},[44,6300,590],{"class":583},[44,6302,4464],{"class":587},[44,6304,590],{"class":583},[44,6306,3622],{"class":58},[44,6308,6309,6311,6313,6315,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6310,140],{"class":139},[44,6312,127],{"class":58},[44,6314,291],{"class":139},[44,6316,6317],{"class":58},"([[",[44,6319,63],{"class":62},[44,6321,66],{"class":58},[44,6323,69],{"class":62},[44,6325,66],{"class":58},[44,6327,74],{"class":62},[44,6329,6330],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,6332,6177],{},[35,6334,6336],{"className":37,"code":6335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6337,6338,6342,6346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6339,6340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6341,4601],{"class":4471},[44,6343,6344],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6345,4601],{"class":4471},[44,6347,6348],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6349,4601],{"class":4471},[20,6351,6352],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,6354,6356],{"className":37,"code":6355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6357,6358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6359,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6361,140],{"class":139},[44,6363,127],{"class":58},[44,6365,291],{"class":139},[44,6367,3609],{"class":58},[44,6369,2748],{"class":62},[44,6371,66],{"class":58},[44,6373,4457],{"class":583},[44,6375,66],{"class":58},[44,6377,4472],{"class":4471},[44,6379,3622],{"class":58},[20,6381,6177],{},[35,6383,6384],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6385,6386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6387,6388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6389,4662],{"class":4471},[20,6391,6392,6393,2495,6396,120],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[176,6394,4425],{"href":6395},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[176,6397,6399,6401],{"href":6398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6400,4431],{}," explained",[30,6403,6405],{"id":6404},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6407,6408],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,6410,6412],{"className":37,"code":6411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6413,6414,6434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6415,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6417,4441],{"class":50},[44,6419,55],{"class":54},[44,6421,1954],{"class":58},[44,6423,2748],{"class":62},[44,6425,66],{"class":58},[44,6427,4457],{"class":583},[44,6429,66],{"class":58},[44,6431,104],{"class":62},[44,6433,1967],{"class":58},[44,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6437,140],{"class":139},[44,6439,127],{"class":58},[44,6441,291],{"class":139},[44,6443,127],{"class":58},[44,6445,5976],{"class":123},[44,6447,556],{"class":58},[20,6449,150],{},[35,6451,6452],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6453,6454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6455,6456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6457,4601],{"class":4471},[20,6459,5061],{},[205,6461,6462,6467,6471],{},[208,6463,6464,6466],{},[15,6465,2748],{}," is falsy",[208,6468,6469,6466],{},[15,6470,4393],{},[208,6472,6473,6475],{},[15,6474,357],{}," is truthy",[20,6477,6478,6479,3025,6482,120],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6480,6481],{},"any(values)",[15,6483,4226],{},[20,6485,6486],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,6488,6490],{"className":37,"code":6489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6491,6492,6516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6493,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6495,4441],{"class":50},[44,6497,55],{"class":54},[44,6499,1954],{"class":58},[44,6501,2748],{"class":62},[44,6503,66],{"class":58},[44,6505,4457],{"class":583},[44,6507,66],{"class":58},[44,6509,4472],{"class":4471},[44,6511,66],{"class":58},[44,6513,4528],{"class":4471},[44,6515,1967],{"class":58},[44,6517,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6519,140],{"class":139},[44,6521,127],{"class":58},[44,6523,291],{"class":139},[44,6525,127],{"class":58},[44,6527,5976],{"class":123},[44,6529,556],{"class":58},[20,6531,150],{},[35,6533,6534],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6535,6536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6537,6538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6539,4662],{"class":4471},[20,6541,6542,6543,120],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6544,4294],{},[30,6546,6548],{"id":6547},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6550,6551,6553,6554,120],{},[15,6552,5802],{}," is often used with a ",[197,6555,6556],{},"generator expression",[20,6558,6559],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,6561,6563],{"className":37,"code":6562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6564,6565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6566,6567,6569,6571,6574,6577,6580,6582,6585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6568,291],{"class":139},[44,6570,127],{"class":58},[44,6572,6573],{"class":123},"condition ",[44,6575,6576],{"class":4496},"for",[44,6578,6579],{"class":123}," item ",[44,6581,4503],{"class":4496},[44,6583,6584],{"class":123}," items",[44,6586,133],{"class":58},[20,6588,6589],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6591,6592],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,6594,6596],{"className":37,"code":6595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6597,6598,6625,6629,6656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6599,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6601,884],{"class":50},[44,6603,55],{"class":54},[44,6605,1954],{"class":58},[44,6607,1517],{"class":62},[44,6609,66],{"class":58},[44,6611,960],{"class":62},[44,6613,66],{"class":58},[44,6615,2850],{"class":54},[44,6617,339],{"class":62},[44,6619,66],{"class":58},[44,6621,6622],{"class":62}," 10",[44,6624,1967],{"class":58},[44,6626,6627],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6628,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,6630,6631,6633,6635,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6632,112],{"class":50},[44,6634,55],{"class":54},[44,6636,6637],{"class":139}," any",[44,6639,127],{"class":58},[44,6641,3648],{"class":123},[44,6643,576],{"class":54},[44,6645,4452],{"class":62},[44,6647,4497],{"class":4496},[44,6649,4500],{"class":123},[44,6651,4503],{"class":4496},[44,6653,975],{"class":123},[44,6655,133],{"class":58},[44,6657,6658,6660,6662,6664],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,6659,140],{"class":139},[44,6661,127],{"class":58},[44,6663,145],{"class":123},[44,6665,133],{"class":58},[20,6667,150],{},[35,6669,6670],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6671,6672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6673,6674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6675,4601],{"class":4471},[20,6677,6678,6679,6682],{},"This works because ",[15,6680,6681],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[205,6684,6685,6693,6700],{},[208,6686,6687,6690,6691],{},[15,6688,6689],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6692,4294],{},[208,6694,6695,6690,6698],{},[15,6696,6697],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6699,4294],{},[208,6701,6702,6690,6705],{},[15,6703,6704],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6706,4226],{},[20,6708,6709,6710,6712,6713,6715,6716,120],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6711,4226],{}," result, ",[15,6714,5802],{}," can return ",[15,6717,4226],{},[20,6719,6720],{},"Here is another example:",[35,6722,6724],{"className":37,"code":6723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6725,6726,6755,6759,6789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6727,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6729,4692],{"class":50},[44,6731,55],{"class":54},[44,6733,1954],{"class":58},[44,6735,633],{"class":583},[44,6737,636],{"class":587},[44,6739,633],{"class":583},[44,6741,66],{"class":58},[44,6743,6744],{"class":583}," \"\"",[44,6746,66],{"class":58},[44,6748,643],{"class":583},[44,6750,646],{"class":587},[44,6752,633],{"class":583},[44,6754,1967],{"class":58},[44,6756,6757],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6758,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,6760,6761,6764,6766,6768,6770,6773,6775,6777,6779,6782,6784,6787],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6762,6763],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,6765,55],{"class":54},[44,6767,6637],{"class":139},[44,6769,127],{"class":58},[44,6771,6772],{"class":123},"word ",[44,6774,5305],{"class":54},[44,6776,6744],{"class":583},[44,6778,4497],{"class":4496},[44,6780,6781],{"class":123}," word ",[44,6783,4503],{"class":4496},[44,6785,6786],{"class":123}," words",[44,6788,133],{"class":58},[44,6790,6791,6793,6795,6798],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,6792,140],{"class":139},[44,6794,127],{"class":58},[44,6796,6797],{"class":123},"has_empty_string",[44,6799,133],{"class":58},[20,6801,150],{},[35,6803,6804],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6805,6806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6807,6808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6809,4601],{"class":4471},[20,6811,6812,6813,120],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[176,6814,6816],{"href":6815},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6818,6820],{"id":6819},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6822,6823,6824,1598],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6825,4294],{},[35,6827,6829],{"className":37,"code":6828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6830,6831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6834,140],{"class":139},[44,6836,127],{"class":58},[44,6838,291],{"class":139},[44,6840,5048],{"class":58},[20,6842,150],{},[35,6844,6845],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6846,6847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6848,6849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6850,4662],{"class":4471},[20,6852,6853],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6855,6856,6857,6859],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6858,5802],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6861,6862],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6864,6866],{"className":37,"code":6865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6867,6868,6878,6893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6869,6870,6872,6874,6876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6871,140],{"class":139},[44,6873,127],{"class":58},[44,6875,291],{"class":139},[44,6877,5106],{"class":58},[44,6879,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6891],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6881,140],{"class":139},[44,6883,127],{"class":58},[44,6885,291],{"class":139},[44,6887,127],{"class":58},[44,6889,6890],{"class":583},"\"\"",[44,6892,556],{"class":58},[44,6894,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6896,140],{"class":139},[44,6898,127],{"class":58},[44,6900,291],{"class":139},[44,6902,127],{"class":58},[44,6904,568],{"class":548},[44,6906,6907],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,6909,150],{},[35,6911,6913],{"className":37,"code":6912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6914,6915,6919,6923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6916,6917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6918,4662],{"class":4471},[44,6920,6921],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6922,4662],{"class":4471},[44,6924,6925],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6926,4662],{"class":4471},[30,6928,6930],{"id":6929},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6932,1296,6933,6935],{},[15,6934,5802],{}," when you want to:",[205,6937,6938,6941,6944],{},[208,6939,6940],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[208,6942,6943],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[208,6945,6946],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6948,6949],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6951,6953],{"className":37,"code":6952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6954,6955,6980,6984,6994,6998,7012,7031,7041,7046,7051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6956,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6958,884],{"class":50},[44,6960,55],{"class":54},[44,6962,1954],{"class":58},[44,6964,63],{"class":62},[44,6966,66],{"class":58},[44,6968,74],{"class":62},[44,6970,66],{"class":58},[44,6972,104],{"class":62},[44,6974,66],{"class":58},[44,6976,6977],{"class":62}," 8",[44,6979,1967],{"class":58},[44,6981,6982],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,6983,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,6985,6986,6989,6991],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,6987,6988],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6990,55],{"class":54},[44,6992,6993],{"class":4471}," False\n",[44,6995,6996],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,6997,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,6999,7000,7002,7005,7007,7009],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,7001,6576],{"class":4496},[44,7003,7004],{"class":50}," number ",[44,7006,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7008,975],{"class":50},[44,7010,7011],{"class":58},":\n",[44,7013,7014,7017,7019,7022,7024,7027,7029],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,7015,7016],{"class":4496},"    if",[44,7018,7004],{"class":50},[44,7020,7021],{"class":54},"%",[44,7023,69],{"class":62},[44,7025,7026],{"class":54}," ==",[44,7028,4452],{"class":62},[44,7030,7011],{"class":58},[44,7032,7033,7036,7038],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,7034,7035],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,7037,55],{"class":54},[44,7039,7040],{"class":4471}," True\n",[44,7042,7043],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,7044,7045],{"class":4496},"        break\n",[44,7047,7049],{"class":46,"line":7048},9,[44,7050,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,7052,7054,7056,7058,7061],{"class":46,"line":7053},10,[44,7055,140],{"class":139},[44,7057,127],{"class":58},[44,7059,7060],{"class":123},"found_even",[44,7062,133],{"class":58},[20,7064,7065],{},"You can write:",[35,7067,7069],{"className":37,"code":7068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7070,7071,7095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7072,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7074,884],{"class":50},[44,7076,55],{"class":54},[44,7078,1954],{"class":58},[44,7080,63],{"class":62},[44,7082,66],{"class":58},[44,7084,74],{"class":62},[44,7086,66],{"class":58},[44,7088,104],{"class":62},[44,7090,66],{"class":58},[44,7092,6977],{"class":62},[44,7094,1967],{"class":58},[44,7096,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7098,140],{"class":139},[44,7100,127],{"class":58},[44,7102,291],{"class":139},[44,7104,127],{"class":58},[44,7106,2845],{"class":123},[44,7108,7021],{"class":54},[44,7110,69],{"class":62},[44,7112,7026],{"class":54},[44,7114,4452],{"class":62},[44,7116,4497],{"class":4496},[44,7118,7004],{"class":123},[44,7120,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7122,975],{"class":123},[44,7124,556],{"class":58},[20,7126,7127,7128,7130],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7129,5802],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,7132,1580],{"id":1579},[20,7134,7135,7136,120],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7137,5802],{},[1044,7139,7141],{"id":7140},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7143,5144],{},[35,7145,7147],{"className":37,"code":7146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7148,7149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7150,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7152,140],{"class":139},[44,7154,127],{"class":58},[44,7156,291],{"class":139},[44,7158,127],{"class":58},[44,7160,357],{"class":62},[44,7162,556],{"class":58},[20,7164,7165,7166,7168],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7167,357],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7170,7171],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,7173,7175],{"className":37,"code":7174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7176,7177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7178,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7180,140],{"class":139},[44,7182,127],{"class":58},[44,7184,291],{"class":139},[44,7186,3609],{"class":58},[44,7188,357],{"class":62},[44,7190,3622],{"class":58},[1044,7192,7194],{"id":7193},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7196,7197,7199,7200,7203],{},[15,7198,5802],{}," needs only ",[197,7201,7202],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,7205,7207],{"className":37,"code":7206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7208,7209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7210,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7212,140],{"class":139},[44,7214,127],{"class":58},[44,7216,291],{"class":139},[44,7218,3609],{"class":58},[44,7220,4294],{"class":4471},[44,7222,66],{"class":58},[44,7224,4528],{"class":4471},[44,7226,66],{"class":58},[44,7228,4537],{"class":4471},[44,7230,3622],{"class":58},[20,7232,150],{},[35,7234,7235],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7236,7237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7238,7239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7240,4601],{"class":4471},[20,7242,7243,7244,7248],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[176,7245,7246],{"href":6043},[15,7247,4200],{}," instead.",[1044,7250,7252],{"id":7251},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7254,7255,7256,120],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7257,7258],{},"\"True\"",[35,7260,7262],{"className":37,"code":7261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7263,7264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7265,7266,7268,7270,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7267,140],{"class":139},[44,7269,127],{"class":58},[44,7271,291],{"class":139},[44,7273,3609],{"class":58},[44,7275,633],{"class":583},[44,7277,4294],{"class":587},[44,7279,633],{"class":583},[44,7281,3622],{"class":58},[20,7283,150],{},[35,7285,7286],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7287,7288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7289,7290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7291,4601],{"class":4471},[20,7293,7294,7295,7298],{},"That is because ",[15,7296,7297],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1044,7300,7302],{"id":7301},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7304,7305],{},"This works:",[35,7307,7309],{"className":37,"code":7308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7310,7311,7331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7312,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323,7325,7327,7329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7314,884],{"class":50},[44,7316,55],{"class":54},[44,7318,1954],{"class":58},[44,7320,63],{"class":62},[44,7322,66],{"class":58},[44,7324,69],{"class":62},[44,7326,66],{"class":58},[44,7328,74],{"class":62},[44,7330,1967],{"class":58},[44,7332,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351,7353,7355],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7334,140],{"class":139},[44,7336,127],{"class":58},[44,7338,291],{"class":139},[44,7340,3609],{"class":58},[44,7342,3648],{"class":123},[44,7344,4873],{"class":54},[44,7346,69],{"class":62},[44,7348,4497],{"class":4496},[44,7350,4500],{"class":123},[44,7352,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7354,975],{"class":123},[44,7356,3622],{"class":58},[20,7358,7359],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,7361,7363],{"className":37,"code":7362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7364,7365,7385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7366,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7368,884],{"class":50},[44,7370,55],{"class":54},[44,7372,1954],{"class":58},[44,7374,63],{"class":62},[44,7376,66],{"class":58},[44,7378,69],{"class":62},[44,7380,66],{"class":58},[44,7382,74],{"class":62},[44,7384,1967],{"class":58},[44,7386,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7388,140],{"class":139},[44,7390,127],{"class":58},[44,7392,291],{"class":139},[44,7394,127],{"class":58},[44,7396,3648],{"class":123},[44,7398,4873],{"class":54},[44,7400,69],{"class":62},[44,7402,4497],{"class":4496},[44,7404,4500],{"class":123},[44,7406,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7408,975],{"class":123},[44,7410,556],{"class":58},[20,7412,7413],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,7415,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,7417,7419],{"id":7418},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7421,5766,7422,7424,7425,120],{},[15,7423,4226],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7426,4294],{},[1044,7428,7430],{"id":7429},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7432,7433,3025,7435,7437],{},[15,7434,5802],{},[15,7436,4294],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1044,7439,7441],{"id":7440},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7443,7444,7446,7447,7449],{},[15,7445,5802],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7448,4200],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1044,7451,7453],{"id":7452},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7455,7456],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,7458,7459],{"className":37,"code":6562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7460,7461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7462,7463,7465,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7464,291],{"class":139},[44,7466,127],{"class":58},[44,7468,6573],{"class":123},[44,7470,6576],{"class":4496},[44,7472,6579],{"class":123},[44,7474,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7476,6584],{"class":123},[44,7478,133],{"class":58},[20,7480,6090],{},[35,7482,7483],{"className":37,"code":7362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7484,7485,7505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7486,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7488,884],{"class":50},[44,7490,55],{"class":54},[44,7492,1954],{"class":58},[44,7494,63],{"class":62},[44,7496,66],{"class":58},[44,7498,69],{"class":62},[44,7500,66],{"class":58},[44,7502,74],{"class":62},[44,7504,1967],{"class":58},[44,7506,7507,7509,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7508,140],{"class":139},[44,7510,127],{"class":58},[44,7512,291],{"class":139},[44,7514,127],{"class":58},[44,7516,3648],{"class":123},[44,7518,4873],{"class":54},[44,7520,69],{"class":62},[44,7522,4497],{"class":4496},[44,7524,4500],{"class":123},[44,7526,4503],{"class":4496},[44,7528,975],{"class":123},[44,7530,556],{"class":58},[30,7532,2528],{"id":2527},[205,7534,7535,7541,7545,7549,7554],{},[208,7536,7537],{},[176,7538,7539,4130],{"href":6043},[15,7540,4200],{},[208,7542,7543],{},[176,7544,4425],{"href":6395},[208,7546,7547],{},[176,7548,5834],{"href":6204},[208,7550,7551],{},[176,7552,7553],{"href":6815},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[208,7555,7556],{},[176,7557,7558,4130],{"href":6398},[15,7559,4431],{},[2554,7561,7562],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":7564},[7565,7566,7567,7568,7569,7570,7571,7572,7578,7584],{"id":5993,"depth":85,"text":5994},{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049},{"id":4348,"depth":85,"text":4349},{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":6547,"depth":85,"text":6548},{"id":6819,"depth":85,"text":6820},{"id":6929,"depth":85,"text":6930},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":7573},[7574,7575,7576,7577],{"id":7140,"depth":109,"text":7141},{"id":7193,"depth":109,"text":7194},{"id":7251,"depth":109,"text":7252},{"id":7301,"depth":109,"text":7302},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":7579},[7580,7581,7582,7583],{"id":7418,"depth":109,"text":7419},{"id":7429,"depth":109,"text":7430},{"id":7440,"depth":109,"text":7441},{"id":7452,"depth":109,"text":7453},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5897,"description":7585},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7591,"title":7592,"body":7593,"description":9726,"extension":2593,"meta":9727,"navigation":364,"path":9728,"seo":9729,"stem":9730,"__hash__":9731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7594,"toc":9689},[7595,7598,7607,7617,7619,7716,7718,7747,7763,7767,7772,7775,7785,7791,7797,7813,7815,7823,7830,7834,7837,7852,7857,7875,7880,7882,7930,7932,7949,7953,7959,7962,7997,7999,8105,8107,8144,8148,8156,8158,8178,8180,8301,8303,8332,8335,8358,8360,8368,8376,8380,8386,8390,8433,8435,8443,8446,8474,8476,8484,8488,8517,8519,8527,8559,8561,8569,8573,8624,8626,8634,8642,8646,8649,8702,8704,8725,8732,8736,8742,8745,8753,8775,8777,8785,8793,8816,8818,8826,8831,8836,8848,8850,8891,8902,8906,8915,8918,8921,8980,8983,9035,9038,9043,9059,9065,9067,9072,9081,9084,9106,9108,9116,9121,9124,9159,9161,9169,9173,9178,9216,9228,9231,9284,9292,9296,9299,9321,9330,9333,9374,9376,9399,9405,9411,9426,9428,9448,9451,9470,9472,9491,9495,9501,9580,9583,9597,9604,9606,9610,9617,9621,9625,9629,9634,9638,9643,9647,9654,9656,9686],[10,7596,7592],{"id":7597},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7599,192,7600,7602,7603,428,7605,120],{},[15,7601,4431],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7604,4226],{},[15,7606,4294],{},[20,7608,7609,7610,7612,7613,7616],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7611,4431],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7614,7615],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,7618,33],{"id":32},[35,7620,7622],{"className":37,"code":7621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7623,7624,7638,7652,7666,7684,7694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7625,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7627,140],{"class":139},[44,7629,127],{"class":58},[44,7631,4487],{"class":548},[44,7633,127],{"class":58},[44,7635,2748],{"class":62},[44,7637,556],{"class":58},[44,7639,7640,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7641,140],{"class":139},[44,7643,127],{"class":58},[44,7645,4487],{"class":548},[44,7647,127],{"class":58},[44,7649,63],{"class":62},[44,7651,556],{"class":58},[44,7653,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,7655,140],{"class":139},[44,7657,127],{"class":58},[44,7659,4487],{"class":548},[44,7661,127],{"class":58},[44,7663,6890],{"class":583},[44,7665,556],{"class":58},[44,7667,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,7669,140],{"class":139},[44,7671,127],{"class":58},[44,7673,4487],{"class":548},[44,7675,127],{"class":58},[44,7677,633],{"class":583},[44,7679,4464],{"class":587},[44,7681,633],{"class":583},[44,7683,556],{"class":58},[44,7685,7686,7688,7690,7692],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,7687,140],{"class":139},[44,7689,127],{"class":58},[44,7691,4487],{"class":548},[44,7693,5048],{"class":58},[44,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,7697,140],{"class":139},[44,7699,127],{"class":58},[44,7701,4487],{"class":548},[44,7703,3609],{"class":58},[44,7705,63],{"class":62},[44,7707,66],{"class":58},[44,7709,69],{"class":62},[44,7711,66],{"class":58},[44,7713,74],{"class":62},[44,7715,3622],{"class":58},[20,7717,6177],{},[35,7719,7721],{"className":37,"code":7720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7722,7723,7727,7731,7735,7739,7743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7724,7725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7726,4662],{"class":4471},[44,7728,7729],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7730,4601],{"class":4471},[44,7732,7733],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,7734,4662],{"class":4471},[44,7736,7737],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,7738,4601],{"class":4471},[44,7740,7741],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,7742,4662],{"class":4471},[44,7744,7745],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,7746,4601],{"class":4471},[20,7748,1296,7749,7752,7753,428,7755,7757,7758,7760,7761,120],{},[15,7750,7751],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7754,4226],{},[15,7756,4294],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7759,4294],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7762,4226],{},[30,7764,7766],{"id":7765},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7768,7769,7771],{},[15,7770,4431],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7773,7774],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[205,7776,7777,7781],{},[208,7778,7779],{},[15,7780,4226],{},[208,7782,7783],{},[15,7784,4294],{},[20,7786,7787,7788,7790],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7789,7615],{}," statements.",[20,7792,7793,7794,7796],{},"You can also call ",[15,7795,4431],{}," with no argument:",[35,7798,7800],{"className":37,"code":7799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7801,7802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7803,7804,7806,7808,7810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7805,140],{"class":139},[44,7807,127],{"class":58},[44,7809,4487],{"class":548},[44,7811,7812],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,7814,150],{},[35,7816,7817],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7818,7819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7820,7821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7822,4662],{"class":4471},[20,7824,7825,7826,120],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[176,7827,7829],{"href":7828},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7831,7833],{"id":7832},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7835,7836],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,7838,7840],{"className":37,"code":7839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7841,7842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7843,7844,7846,7848,7850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7845,4487],{"class":548},[44,7847,127],{"class":58},[44,7849,3100],{"class":123},[44,7851,133],{"class":58},[20,7853,192,7854,7856],{},[15,7855,3100],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[205,7858,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867,7870,7872],{},[208,7860,4268],{},[208,7862,5927],{},[208,7864,5918],{},[208,7866,5921],{},[208,7868,7869],{},"dictionaries",[208,7871,5924],{},[208,7873,7874],{},"other objects",[20,7876,7877,7878,120],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7879,4294],{},[20,7881,295],{},[35,7883,7885],{"className":37,"code":7884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7886,7887,7901,7920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7888,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7890,140],{"class":139},[44,7892,127],{"class":58},[44,7894,4487],{"class":548},[44,7896,127],{"class":58},[44,7898,2958],{"class":62},[44,7900,556],{"class":58},[44,7902,7903,7905,7907,7909,7911,7913,7916,7918],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7904,140],{"class":139},[44,7906,127],{"class":58},[44,7908,4487],{"class":548},[44,7910,127],{"class":58},[44,7912,633],{"class":583},[44,7914,7915],{"class":587},"Python",[44,7917,633],{"class":583},[44,7919,556],{"class":58},[44,7921,7922,7924,7926,7928],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,7923,140],{"class":139},[44,7925,127],{"class":58},[44,7927,4487],{"class":548},[44,7929,7812],{"class":58},[20,7931,150],{},[35,7933,7935],{"className":37,"code":7934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7936,7937,7941,7945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7938,7939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7940,4601],{"class":4471},[44,7942,7943],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,7944,4601],{"class":4471},[44,7946,7947],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,7948,4662],{"class":4471},[30,7950,7952],{"id":7951},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7954,7955,7956,7958],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[197,7957,6214],{}," values.",[20,7960,7961],{},"Common examples:",[205,7963,7964,7968,7972,7976,7980,7985,7989,7993],{},[208,7965,7966],{},[15,7967,2748],{},[208,7969,7970],{},[15,7971,4388],{},[208,7973,7974],{},[15,7975,6890],{},[208,7977,7978],{},[15,7979,4407],{},[208,7981,7982],{},[15,7983,7984],{},"()",[208,7986,7987],{},[15,7988,603],{},[208,7990,7991],{},[15,7992,599],{},[208,7994,7995],{},[15,7996,4398],{},[20,7998,295],{},[35,8000,8002],{"className":37,"code":8001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8003,8004,8018,8032,8046,8056,8066,8077,8091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8005,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8007,140],{"class":139},[44,8009,127],{"class":58},[44,8011,4487],{"class":548},[44,8013,127],{"class":58},[44,8015,2748],{"class":62},[44,8017,556],{"class":58},[44,8019,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8021,140],{"class":139},[44,8023,127],{"class":58},[44,8025,4487],{"class":548},[44,8027,127],{"class":58},[44,8029,4388],{"class":62},[44,8031,556],{"class":58},[44,8033,8034,8036,8038,8040,8042,8044],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8035,140],{"class":139},[44,8037,127],{"class":58},[44,8039,4487],{"class":548},[44,8041,127],{"class":58},[44,8043,6890],{"class":583},[44,8045,556],{"class":58},[44,8047,8048,8050,8052,8054],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8049,140],{"class":139},[44,8051,127],{"class":58},[44,8053,4487],{"class":548},[44,8055,5048],{"class":58},[44,8057,8058,8060,8062,8064],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,8059,140],{"class":139},[44,8061,127],{"class":58},[44,8063,4487],{"class":548},[44,8065,5106],{"class":58},[44,8067,8068,8070,8072,8074],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,8069,140],{"class":139},[44,8071,127],{"class":58},[44,8073,4487],{"class":548},[44,8075,8076],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,8078,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,8080,140],{"class":139},[44,8082,127],{"class":58},[44,8084,4487],{"class":548},[44,8086,127],{"class":58},[44,8088,568],{"class":548},[44,8090,6907],{"class":58},[44,8092,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,8094,140],{"class":139},[44,8096,127],{"class":58},[44,8098,4487],{"class":548},[44,8100,127],{"class":58},[44,8102,4398],{"class":4471},[44,8104,556],{"class":58},[20,8106,150],{},[35,8108,8110],{"className":37,"code":8109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8111,8112,8116,8120,8124,8128,8132,8136,8140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8113,8114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8115,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8117,8118],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8119,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8121,8122],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8123,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8125,8126],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8127,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8129,8130],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,8131,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8133,8134],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,8135,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8137,8138],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,8139,4662],{"class":4471},[44,8141,8142],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,8143,4662],{"class":4471},[30,8145,8147],{"id":8146},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8149,8150,8151,8153,8154,7958],{},"Many values become ",[15,8152,4226],{},". These are often called ",[197,8155,6211],{},[20,8157,7961],{},[205,8159,8160,8163,8166,8169,8172,8175],{},[208,8161,8162],{},"non-zero numbers",[208,8164,8165],{},"non-empty strings",[208,8167,8168],{},"non-empty lists",[208,8170,8171],{},"non-empty tuples",[208,8173,8174],{},"non-empty sets",[208,8176,8177],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8179,295],{},[35,8181,8183],{"className":37,"code":8182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8184,8185,8199,8215,8233,8255,8273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8186,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8188,140],{"class":139},[44,8190,127],{"class":58},[44,8192,4487],{"class":548},[44,8194,127],{"class":58},[44,8196,357],{"class":62},[44,8198,556],{"class":58},[44,8200,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209,8211,8213],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8202,140],{"class":139},[44,8204,127],{"class":58},[44,8206,4487],{"class":548},[44,8208,127],{"class":58},[44,8210,1316],{"class":54},[44,8212,339],{"class":62},[44,8214,556],{"class":58},[44,8216,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8218,140],{"class":139},[44,8220,127],{"class":58},[44,8222,4487],{"class":548},[44,8224,127],{"class":58},[44,8226,633],{"class":583},[44,8228,4464],{"class":587},[44,8230,633],{"class":583},[44,8232,556],{"class":58},[44,8234,8235,8237,8239,8241,8243,8245,8247,8249,8251,8253],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8236,140],{"class":139},[44,8238,127],{"class":58},[44,8240,4487],{"class":548},[44,8242,3609],{"class":58},[44,8244,63],{"class":62},[44,8246,66],{"class":58},[44,8248,69],{"class":62},[44,8250,66],{"class":58},[44,8252,74],{"class":62},[44,8254,3622],{"class":58},[44,8256,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,8258,140],{"class":139},[44,8260,127],{"class":58},[44,8262,4487],{"class":548},[44,8264,6128],{"class":58},[44,8266,63],{"class":62},[44,8268,66],{"class":58},[44,8270,69],{"class":62},[44,8272,2432],{"class":58},[44,8274,8275,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8288,8290,8292,8294,8297,8299],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,8276,140],{"class":139},[44,8278,127],{"class":58},[44,8280,4487],{"class":548},[44,8282,6147],{"class":58},[44,8284,633],{"class":583},[44,8286,8287],{"class":587},"name",[44,8289,633],{"class":583},[44,8291,1598],{"class":58},[44,8293,643],{"class":583},[44,8295,8296],{"class":587},"Sam",[44,8298,633],{"class":583},[44,8300,6156],{"class":58},[20,8302,150],{},[35,8304,8306],{"className":37,"code":8305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8307,8308,8312,8316,8320,8324,8328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8309,8310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8311,4601],{"class":4471},[44,8313,8314],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8315,4601],{"class":4471},[44,8317,8318],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8319,4601],{"class":4471},[44,8321,8322],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8323,4601],{"class":4471},[44,8325,8326],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,8327,4601],{"class":4471},[44,8329,8330],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,8331,4601],{"class":4471},[20,8333,8334],{},"One important example is this:",[35,8336,8338],{"className":37,"code":8337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8339,8340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8341,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8343,140],{"class":139},[44,8345,127],{"class":58},[44,8347,4487],{"class":548},[44,8349,127],{"class":58},[44,8351,633],{"class":583},[44,8353,4294],{"class":587},[44,8355,633],{"class":583},[44,8357,556],{"class":58},[20,8359,150],{},[35,8361,8362],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8363,8364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8365,8366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8367,4601],{"class":4471},[20,8369,8370,8371,8373,8374,120],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8372,7297],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8375,4226],{},[30,8377,8379],{"id":8378},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8381,8382,8383,8385],{},"You can use ",[15,8384,4431],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1044,8387,8389],{"id":8388},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,8391,8393],{"className":37,"code":8392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8394,8395,8418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8396,8397,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8411,8413,8416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8398,8399],{"class":50},"items ",[44,8401,55],{"class":54},[44,8403,1954],{"class":58},[44,8405,2958],{"class":62},[44,8407,66],{"class":58},[44,8409,8410],{"class":62}," 20",[44,8412,66],{"class":58},[44,8414,8415],{"class":62}," 30",[44,8417,1967],{"class":58},[44,8419,8420,8422,8424,8426,8428,8431],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8421,140],{"class":139},[44,8423,127],{"class":58},[44,8425,4487],{"class":548},[44,8427,127],{"class":58},[44,8429,8430],{"class":123},"items",[44,8432,556],{"class":58},[20,8434,150],{},[35,8436,8437],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8438,8439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8440,8441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8442,4601],{"class":4471},[20,8444,8445],{},"With an empty list:",[35,8447,8449],{"className":37,"code":8448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8450,8451,8460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8452,8453,8455,8457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8454,8399],{"class":50},[44,8456,55],{"class":54},[44,8458,8459],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,8461,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8463,140],{"class":139},[44,8465,127],{"class":58},[44,8467,4487],{"class":548},[44,8469,127],{"class":58},[44,8471,8430],{"class":123},[44,8473,556],{"class":58},[20,8475,150],{},[35,8477,8478],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8479,8480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8481,8482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8483,4662],{"class":4471},[1044,8485,8487],{"id":8486},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,8489,8491],{"className":37,"code":8490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8492,8493,8503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8494,8495,8498,8500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8496,8497],{"class":50},"name ",[44,8499,55],{"class":54},[44,8501,8502],{"class":583}," \"\"\n",[44,8504,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8506,140],{"class":139},[44,8508,127],{"class":58},[44,8510,4487],{"class":548},[44,8512,127],{"class":58},[44,8514,8287],{"class":123},[44,8516,556],{"class":58},[20,8518,150],{},[35,8520,8521],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8522,8523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8524,8525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8526,4662],{"class":4471},[35,8528,8530],{"className":37,"code":8529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8531,8532,8545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8533,8534,8536,8538,8540,8543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8535,8497],{"class":50},[44,8537,55],{"class":54},[44,8539,643],{"class":583},[44,8541,8542],{"class":587},"Mia",[44,8544,3979],{"class":583},[44,8546,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8548,140],{"class":139},[44,8550,127],{"class":58},[44,8552,4487],{"class":548},[44,8554,127],{"class":58},[44,8556,8287],{"class":123},[44,8558,556],{"class":58},[20,8560,150],{},[35,8562,8563],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8564,8565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8566,8567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8568,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,8570,8572],{"id":8571},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,8574,8576],{"className":37,"code":8575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8577,8578,8592,8609,8613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8579,8580,8583,8585,8587,8590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8581,8582],{"class":50},"username ",[44,8584,55],{"class":54},[44,8586,643],{"class":583},[44,8588,8589],{"class":587},"alex",[44,8591,3979],{"class":583},[44,8593,8594,8597,8599,8602,8604,8607],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8595,8596],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,8598,55],{"class":54},[44,8600,8601],{"class":548}," bool",[44,8603,127],{"class":58},[44,8605,8606],{"class":123},"username",[44,8608,133],{"class":58},[44,8610,8611],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8612,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,8614,8615,8617,8619,8622],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8616,140],{"class":139},[44,8618,127],{"class":58},[44,8620,8621],{"class":123},"has_name",[44,8623,133],{"class":58},[20,8625,150],{},[35,8627,8628],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8629,8630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8631,8632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8633,4601],{"class":4471},[20,8635,8636,8637,428,8639,8641],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8638,4226],{},[15,8640,4294],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1044,8643,8645],{"id":8644},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8647,8648],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,8650,8652],{"className":37,"code":8651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8653,8654,8674,8678,8686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8655,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8657,884],{"class":50},[44,8659,55],{"class":54},[44,8661,1954],{"class":58},[44,8663,63],{"class":62},[44,8665,66],{"class":58},[44,8667,69],{"class":62},[44,8669,66],{"class":58},[44,8671,74],{"class":62},[44,8673,1967],{"class":58},[44,8675,8676],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8677,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,8679,8680,8682,8684],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8681,7615],{"class":4496},[44,8683,975],{"class":50},[44,8685,7011],{"class":58},[44,8687,8688,8691,8693,8695,8698,8700],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8689,8690],{"class":139},"    print",[44,8692,127],{"class":58},[44,8694,633],{"class":583},[44,8696,8697],{"class":587},"The list is not empty",[44,8699,633],{"class":583},[44,8701,133],{"class":58},[20,8703,150],{},[35,8705,8707],{"className":37,"code":8706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8708,8709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8710,8711,8713,8716,8719,8722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8712,192],{"class":50},[44,8714,8715],{"class":548},"list",[44,8717,8718],{"class":54}," is",[44,8720,8721],{"class":54}," not",[44,8723,8724],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,8726,8727,8728,120],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[176,8729,8731],{"href":8730},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,8733,8735],{"id":8734},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8737,8738,8739,8741],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8740,4431],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8743,8744],{},"It does not do that.",[1044,8746,8748,3025,8751],{"id":8747},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8749,8750],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8752,4226],{},[35,8754,8755],{"className":37,"code":8337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8756,8757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8758,8759,8761,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8760,140],{"class":139},[44,8762,127],{"class":58},[44,8764,4487],{"class":548},[44,8766,127],{"class":58},[44,8768,633],{"class":583},[44,8770,4294],{"class":587},[44,8772,633],{"class":583},[44,8774,556],{"class":58},[20,8776,150],{},[35,8778,8779],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8780,8781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8782,8783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8784,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,8786,8788,3025,8791],{"id":8787},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8789,8790],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8792,4226],{},[35,8794,8796],{"className":37,"code":8795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8797,8798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8799,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8801,140],{"class":139},[44,8803,127],{"class":58},[44,8805,4487],{"class":548},[44,8807,127],{"class":58},[44,8809,633],{"class":583},[44,8811,2748],{"class":587},[44,8813,633],{"class":583},[44,8815,556],{"class":58},[20,8817,150],{},[35,8819,8820],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8821,8822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8823,8824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8825,4601],{"class":4471},[20,8827,8828,8829,120],{},"This happens because both values are ",[197,8830,8165],{},[20,8832,8833,8835],{},[15,8834,4431],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8837,8838,8839,8844,8845,8847],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[176,8840,8842],{"href":8841},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8843,3581],{},", because ",[15,8846,3581],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8849,295],{},[35,8851,8853],{"className":37,"code":8852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8854,8855,8876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8856,8857,8860,8862,8865,8867,8869,8872,8874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8858,8859],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8861,55],{"class":54},[44,8863,8864],{"class":139}," input",[44,8866,127],{"class":58},[44,8868,633],{"class":583},[44,8870,8871],{"class":587},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8873,633],{"class":583},[44,8875,133],{"class":58},[44,8877,8878,8880,8882,8884,8886,8889],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8879,140],{"class":139},[44,8881,127],{"class":58},[44,8883,4487],{"class":548},[44,8885,127],{"class":58},[44,8887,8888],{"class":123},"user_value",[44,8890,556],{"class":58},[20,8892,8893,8894,8896,8897,8844,8899,8901],{},"If the user types ",[15,8895,4294],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8898,4226],{},[15,8900,7297],{}," is not empty.",[30,8903,8905],{"id":8904},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8907,8908,8909,8911,8912,8914],{},"In many ",[15,8910,7615],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8913,4431],{}," yourself.",[20,8916,8917],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8919,8920],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8922,8924],{"className":37,"code":8923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8925,8926,8947,8951,8965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8927,8928,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8929,8930],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,8932,55],{"class":54},[44,8934,1954],{"class":58},[44,8936,63],{"class":62},[44,8938,66],{"class":58},[44,8940,69],{"class":62},[44,8942,66],{"class":58},[44,8944,74],{"class":62},[44,8946,1967],{"class":58},[44,8948,8949],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,8950,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,8952,8953,8955,8957,8959,8962],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,8954,7615],{"class":4496},[44,8956,8601],{"class":548},[44,8958,127],{"class":58},[44,8960,8961],{"class":123},"my_list",[44,8963,8964],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,8966,8967,8969,8971,8973,8976,8978],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,8968,8690],{"class":139},[44,8970,127],{"class":58},[44,8972,633],{"class":583},[44,8974,8975],{"class":587},"List has items",[44,8977,633],{"class":583},[44,8979,133],{"class":58},[20,8981,8982],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8984,8986],{"className":37,"code":8985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8987,8988,9008,9012,9021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8991,8930],{"class":50},[44,8993,55],{"class":54},[44,8995,1954],{"class":58},[44,8997,63],{"class":62},[44,8999,66],{"class":58},[44,9001,69],{"class":62},[44,9003,66],{"class":58},[44,9005,74],{"class":62},[44,9007,1967],{"class":58},[44,9009,9010],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9011,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,9013,9014,9016,9019],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,9015,7615],{"class":4496},[44,9017,9018],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,9020,7011],{"class":58},[44,9022,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031,9033],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,9024,8690],{"class":139},[44,9026,127],{"class":58},[44,9028,633],{"class":583},[44,9030,8975],{"class":587},[44,9032,633],{"class":583},[44,9034,133],{"class":58},[20,9036,9037],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9039,863,9040,9042],{},[15,9041,4431],{}," is still helpful when:",[205,9044,9045,9048,9056],{},[208,9046,9047],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[208,9049,9050,9051,428,9053,9055],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9052,4226],{},[15,9054,4294],{}," value",[208,9057,9058],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9060,9061,9062,120],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[176,9063,9064],{"href":2926},"Python type() function explained",[30,9066,3454],{"id":3453},[20,9068,9069,9070,120],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9071,4431],{},[1044,9073,9075,9076,9078,9079],{"id":9074},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,9077,8750],{}," to return ",[15,9080,4294],{},[20,9082,9083],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,9085,9086],{"className":37,"code":8337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9087,9088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9089,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9091,140],{"class":139},[44,9093,127],{"class":58},[44,9095,4487],{"class":548},[44,9097,127],{"class":58},[44,9099,633],{"class":583},[44,9101,4294],{"class":587},[44,9103,633],{"class":583},[44,9105,556],{"class":58},[20,9107,150],{},[35,9109,9110],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9111,9112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9113,9114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9115,4601],{"class":4471},[20,9117,9118,9119,7298],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9120,7297],{},[20,9122,9123],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,9125,9127],{"className":37,"code":9126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9128,9129,9141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9130,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9132,3075],{"class":50},[44,9134,55],{"class":54},[44,9136,643],{"class":583},[44,9138,4294],{"class":587},[44,9140,3979],{"class":583},[44,9142,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9144,140],{"class":139},[44,9146,127],{"class":58},[44,9148,3075],{"class":123},[44,9150,5305],{"class":54},[44,9152,643],{"class":583},[44,9154,4226],{"class":587},[44,9156,633],{"class":583},[44,9158,133],{"class":58},[20,9160,150],{},[35,9162,9163],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9164,9165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9166,9167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9168,4662],{"class":4471},[1044,9170,9172],{"id":9171},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9174,9175,9177],{},[15,9176,3581],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,9179,9181],{"className":37,"code":9180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9182,9183,9202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9184,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9198,9200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9186,3075],{"class":50},[44,9188,55],{"class":54},[44,9190,8864],{"class":139},[44,9192,127],{"class":58},[44,9194,633],{"class":583},[44,9196,9197],{"class":587},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,9199,633],{"class":583},[44,9201,133],{"class":58},[44,9203,9204,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9205,140],{"class":139},[44,9207,127],{"class":58},[44,9209,4487],{"class":548},[44,9211,127],{"class":58},[44,9213,3100],{"class":123},[44,9215,556],{"class":58},[20,9217,8893,9218,9221,9222,9224,9225,8901],{},[15,9219,9220],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9223,4226],{}," because ",[15,9226,9227],{},"\"no\"",[20,9229,9230],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,9232,9234],{"className":37,"code":9233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9235,9236,9265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9237,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248,9250,9252,9254,9257,9260,9263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9239,3075],{"class":50},[44,9241,55],{"class":54},[44,9243,8864],{"class":139},[44,9245,127],{"class":58},[44,9247,633],{"class":583},[44,9249,9197],{"class":587},[44,9251,633],{"class":583},[44,9253,2057],{"class":58},[44,9255,9256],{"class":123},"strip",[44,9258,9259],{"class":58},"().",[44,9261,9262],{"class":123},"lower",[44,9264,571],{"class":58},[44,9266,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9280,9282],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9268,140],{"class":139},[44,9270,127],{"class":58},[44,9272,3075],{"class":123},[44,9274,5305],{"class":54},[44,9276,643],{"class":583},[44,9278,9279],{"class":587},"yes",[44,9281,633],{"class":583},[44,9283,133],{"class":58},[20,9285,9286,9287,9289,9290,120],{},"This gives ",[15,9288,4226],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9291,9279],{},[1044,9293,9295],{"id":9294},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9297,9298],{},"These are different:",[205,9300,9301,9305,9309,9313,9317],{},[208,9302,9303],{},[15,9304,4294],{},[208,9306,9307],{},[15,9308,2748],{},[208,9310,9311],{},[15,9312,6890],{},[208,9314,9315],{},[15,9316,4407],{},[208,9318,9319],{},[15,9320,4398],{},[20,9322,9323,9324,9326,9327,9329],{},"They all become ",[15,9325,4294],{}," with ",[15,9328,4431],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9331,9332],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,9334,9336],{"className":37,"code":9335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9337,9338,9346,9360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9339,9340,9342,9344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9341,3075],{"class":50},[44,9343,55],{"class":54},[44,9345,8459],{"class":58},[44,9347,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9349,140],{"class":139},[44,9351,127],{"class":58},[44,9353,549],{"class":548},[44,9355,127],{"class":58},[44,9357,3100],{"class":123},[44,9359,556],{"class":58},[44,9361,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,9363,140],{"class":139},[44,9365,127],{"class":58},[44,9367,4487],{"class":548},[44,9369,127],{"class":58},[44,9371,3100],{"class":123},[44,9373,556],{"class":58},[20,9375,150],{},[35,9377,9379],{"className":37,"code":9378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9380,9381,9395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9382,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391,9393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9384,576],{"class":54},[44,9386,580],{"class":579},[44,9388,584],{"class":583},[44,9390,8715],{"class":587},[44,9392,590],{"class":583},[44,9394,593],{"class":54},[44,9396,9397],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9398,4662],{"class":4471},[1044,9400,863,9402,9404],{"id":9401},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9403,603],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9406,9407,9408,9410],{},"In Python, ",[15,9409,603],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,9412,9414],{"className":37,"code":9413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9415,9416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9417,9418,9420,9422,9424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9419,140],{"class":139},[44,9421,127],{"class":58},[44,9423,549],{"class":548},[44,9425,8076],{"class":58},[20,9427,150],{},[35,9429,9431],{"className":37,"code":9430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9432,9433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9434,9435,9437,9439,9441,9444,9446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9436,576],{"class":54},[44,9438,580],{"class":579},[44,9440,584],{"class":583},[44,9442,9443],{"class":587},"dict",[44,9445,590],{"class":583},[44,9447,593],{"class":54},[20,9449,9450],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,9452,9454],{"className":37,"code":9453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9455,9456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9457,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9459,140],{"class":139},[44,9461,127],{"class":58},[44,9463,549],{"class":548},[44,9465,127],{"class":58},[44,9467,568],{"class":548},[44,9469,6907],{"class":58},[20,9471,150],{},[35,9473,9475],{"className":37,"code":9474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9476,9477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9478,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9480,576],{"class":54},[44,9482,580],{"class":579},[44,9484,584],{"class":583},[44,9486,568],{"class":587},[44,9488,590],{"class":583},[44,9490,593],{"class":54},[30,9492,9494],{"id":9493},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9496,9497,9498,9500],{},"If ",[15,9499,4431],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,9502,9504],{"className":37,"code":9503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9505,9506,9520,9534,9544,9562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9507,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9509,140],{"class":139},[44,9511,127],{"class":58},[44,9513,4487],{"class":548},[44,9515,127],{"class":58},[44,9517,3100],{"class":123},[44,9519,556],{"class":58},[44,9521,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9523,140],{"class":139},[44,9525,127],{"class":58},[44,9527,549],{"class":548},[44,9529,127],{"class":58},[44,9531,3100],{"class":123},[44,9533,556],{"class":58},[44,9535,9536,9538,9540,9542],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,9537,140],{"class":139},[44,9539,127],{"class":58},[44,9541,3100],{"class":123},[44,9543,133],{"class":58},[44,9545,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,9547,140],{"class":139},[44,9549,127],{"class":58},[44,9551,3075],{"class":123},[44,9553,5305],{"class":54},[44,9555,643],{"class":583},[44,9557,4226],{"class":587},[44,9559,633],{"class":583},[44,9561,133],{"class":58},[44,9563,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,9565,140],{"class":139},[44,9567,127],{"class":58},[44,9569,3100],{"class":123},[44,9571,120],{"class":58},[44,9573,9256],{"class":123},[44,9575,9259],{"class":58},[44,9577,9262],{"class":123},[44,9579,7812],{"class":58},[20,9581,9582],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[205,9584,9585,9588,9591,9594],{},[208,9586,9587],{},"what the value really is",[208,9589,9590],{},"whether it is a string",[208,9592,9593],{},"whether it contains spaces",[208,9595,9596],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9598,9599,9600,120],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[176,9601,9603],{"href":9602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,9605,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,9607,9609],{"id":9608},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9611,9612,9613,428,9615,120],{},"It returns either ",[15,9614,4226],{},[15,9616,4294],{},[1044,9618,9620],{"id":9619},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9622,5766,9623,120],{},[15,9624,4294],{},[1044,9626,9628],{"id":9627},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9630,9631,9632,120],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9633,4226],{},[1044,9635,9637],{"id":9636},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9639,9640,9641,120],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9642,4294],{},[1044,9644,9646],{"id":9645},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9648,9649,9650,428,9652,4357],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9651,4226],{},[15,9653,4294],{},[30,9655,2528],{"id":2527},[205,9657,9658,9663,9667,9672,9676,9681],{},[208,9659,9660],{},[176,9661,9662],{"href":6395},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[208,9664,9665],{},[176,9666,8731],{"href":8730},[208,9668,9669],{},[176,9670,9671],{"href":8841},"Python input() function explained",[208,9673,9674],{},[176,9675,9064],{"href":2926},[208,9677,9678],{},[176,9679,9680],{"href":9602},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[208,9682,9683],{},[176,9684,9685],{"href":7828},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2554,9687,9688],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":9690},[9691,9692,9693,9694,9695,9696,9702,9708,9709,9717,9718,9725],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":7765,"depth":85,"text":7766},{"id":7832,"depth":85,"text":7833},{"id":7951,"depth":85,"text":7952},{"id":8146,"depth":85,"text":8147},{"id":8378,"depth":85,"text":8379,"children":9697},[9698,9699,9700,9701],{"id":8388,"depth":109,"text":8389},{"id":8486,"depth":109,"text":8487},{"id":8571,"depth":109,"text":8572},{"id":8644,"depth":109,"text":8645},{"id":8734,"depth":85,"text":8735,"children":9703},[9704,9706],{"id":8747,"depth":109,"text":9705},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8787,"depth":109,"text":9707},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8904,"depth":85,"text":8905},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":9710},[9711,9713,9714,9715],{"id":9074,"depth":109,"text":9712},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9171,"depth":109,"text":9172},{"id":9294,"depth":109,"text":9295},{"id":9401,"depth":109,"text":9716},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9493,"depth":85,"text":9494},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":9719},[9720,9721,9722,9723,9724],{"id":9608,"depth":109,"text":9609},{"id":9619,"depth":109,"text":9620},{"id":9627,"depth":109,"text":9628},{"id":9636,"depth":109,"text":9637},{"id":9645,"depth":109,"text":9646},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7592,"description":9726},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9733,"title":9734,"body":9735,"description":11922,"extension":2593,"meta":11923,"navigation":364,"path":11924,"seo":11925,"stem":11926,"__hash__":11927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9736,"toc":11884},[9737,9743,9749,9756,9761,9772,9779,9888,9892,9959,9964,9969,9974,9977,9988,9993,9996,10007,10014,10016,10021,10025,10050,10054,10063,10067,10130,10134,10167,10171,10216,10220,10257,10261,10264,10319,10323,10368,10371,10376,10415,10419,10442,10445,10459,10472,10476,10481,10548,10552,10588,10591,10599,10602,10666,10670,10702,10708,10710,10770,10777,10780,10858,10862,10895,10899,10902,10946,10950,10986,10989,11006,11009,11012,11065,11068,11079,11086,11095,11098,11155,11159,11200,11207,11215,11221,11229,11241,11246,11257,11330,11333,11345,11360,11364,11369,11373,11375,11418,11424,11427,11490,11494,11497,11506,11511,11548,11552,11555,11563,11566,11605,11609,11612,11663,11667,11688,11695,11697,11703,11730,11733,11787,11789,11800,11802,11809,11817,11823,11828,11835,11838,11845,11852,11854,11881],[10,9738,4197,9740,4201],{"id":9739},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9741,9742],{},"dict()",[20,9744,9745,9746,9748],{},"The built-in ",[15,9747,9742],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9750,9751,9752,9755],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[197,9753,9754],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9757,9758,9760],{},[15,9759,9742],{}," is commonly used to:",[205,9762,9763,9766,9769],{},[208,9764,9765],{},"create an empty dictionary",[208,9767,9768],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[208,9770,9771],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9773,9774,9775,120],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[176,9776,9778],{"href":9777},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,9780,9782],{"className":37,"code":9781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9783,9784,9819,9830,9834,9873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9785,9786,9789,9791,9794,9796,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9812,9814,9817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9787,9788],{"class":50},"data ",[44,9790,55],{"class":54},[44,9792,9793],{"class":548}," dict",[44,9795,127],{"class":58},[44,9797,8287],{"class":9798},"s99_P",[44,9800,55],{"class":54},[44,9802,590],{"class":583},[44,9804,5621],{"class":587},[44,9806,590],{"class":583},[44,9808,66],{"class":58},[44,9810,9811],{"class":9798}," age",[44,9813,55],{"class":54},[44,9815,9816],{"class":62},"25",[44,9818,133],{"class":58},[44,9820,9821,9823,9825,9828],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9822,140],{"class":139},[44,9824,127],{"class":58},[44,9826,9827],{"class":123},"data",[44,9829,133],{"class":58},[44,9831,9832],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,9833,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,9835,9836,9839,9841,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9857,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,9837,9838],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,9840,55],{"class":54},[44,9842,9843],{"class":58}," [(",[44,9845,590],{"class":583},[44,9847,176],{"class":587},[44,9849,590],{"class":583},[44,9851,66],{"class":58},[44,9853,2212],{"class":62},[44,9855,9856],{"class":58},"),",[44,9858,9859],{"class":58}," (",[44,9861,590],{"class":583},[44,9863,130],{"class":587},[44,9865,590],{"class":583},[44,9867,66],{"class":58},[44,9869,69],{"class":62},[44,9871,9872],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,9874,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9886],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,9876,140],{"class":139},[44,9878,127],{"class":58},[44,9880,9443],{"class":548},[44,9882,127],{"class":58},[44,9884,9885],{"class":123},"pairs",[44,9887,556],{"class":58},[20,9889,9890],{},[197,9891,150],{},[35,9893,9895],{"className":37,"code":9894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9896,9897,9931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9922,9924,9926,9929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9900,160],{"class":58},[44,9902,590],{"class":583},[44,9904,8287],{"class":587},[44,9906,590],{"class":583},[44,9908,1598],{"class":58},[44,9910,584],{"class":583},[44,9912,5621],{"class":587},[44,9914,590],{"class":583},[44,9916,66],{"class":58},[44,9918,584],{"class":583},[44,9920,9921],{"class":587},"age",[44,9923,590],{"class":583},[44,9925,1598],{"class":58},[44,9927,9928],{"class":62}," 25",[44,9930,82],{"class":58},[44,9932,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,9934,160],{"class":58},[44,9936,590],{"class":583},[44,9938,176],{"class":587},[44,9940,590],{"class":583},[44,9942,1598],{"class":58},[44,9944,2212],{"class":62},[44,9946,66],{"class":58},[44,9948,584],{"class":583},[44,9950,130],{"class":587},[44,9952,590],{"class":583},[44,9954,1598],{"class":58},[44,9956,69],{"class":62},[44,9958,82],{"class":58},[20,9960,1296,9961,9963],{},[15,9962,9742],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9965,186,9967,189],{"id":9966},"what-dict-does",[15,9968,9742],{},[20,9970,9971,9973],{},[15,9972,9742],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9975,9976],{},"A dictionary:",[205,9978,9979,9982,9985],{},[208,9980,9981],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[208,9983,9984],{},"lets you look up values by key",[208,9986,9987],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9989,9990,9992],{},[15,9991,9742],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9994,9995],{},"Common uses include:",[205,9997,9998,10001,10004],{},[208,9999,10000],{},"making an empty dictionary",[208,10002,10003],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[208,10005,10006],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10008,10009,10010,120],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[176,10011,10013],{"href":10012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,10015,234],{"id":233},[20,10017,10018,10020],{},[15,10019,9742],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1044,10022,10024],{"id":10023},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,10026,10028],{"className":37,"code":10027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10029,10030,10040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10031,10032,10034,10036,10038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10033,9788],{"class":50},[44,10035,55],{"class":54},[44,10037,9793],{"class":548},[44,10039,571],{"class":58},[44,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10043,140],{"class":139},[44,10045,127],{"class":58},[44,10047,9827],{"class":123},[44,10049,133],{"class":58},[20,10051,10052],{},[197,10053,150],{},[35,10055,10057],{"className":37,"code":10056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,10058,10059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10060,10061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10062,10056],{"class":58},[1044,10064,10066],{"id":10065},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,10068,10070],{"className":37,"code":10069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10071,10072,10106,10120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10073,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10075,9838],{"class":50},[44,10077,55],{"class":54},[44,10079,9843],{"class":58},[44,10081,590],{"class":583},[44,10083,176],{"class":587},[44,10085,590],{"class":583},[44,10087,66],{"class":58},[44,10089,2212],{"class":62},[44,10091,9856],{"class":58},[44,10093,9859],{"class":58},[44,10095,590],{"class":583},[44,10097,130],{"class":587},[44,10099,590],{"class":583},[44,10101,66],{"class":58},[44,10103,69],{"class":62},[44,10105,9872],{"class":58},[44,10107,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10109,9788],{"class":50},[44,10111,55],{"class":54},[44,10113,9793],{"class":548},[44,10115,127],{"class":58},[44,10117,9885],{"class":123},[44,10119,133],{"class":58},[44,10121,10122,10124,10126,10128],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,10123,140],{"class":139},[44,10125,127],{"class":58},[44,10127,9827],{"class":123},[44,10129,133],{"class":58},[20,10131,10132],{},[197,10133,150],{},[35,10135,10137],{"className":37,"code":10136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10138,10139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10140,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10142,160],{"class":58},[44,10144,590],{"class":583},[44,10146,176],{"class":587},[44,10148,590],{"class":583},[44,10150,1598],{"class":58},[44,10152,2212],{"class":62},[44,10154,66],{"class":58},[44,10156,584],{"class":583},[44,10158,130],{"class":587},[44,10160,590],{"class":583},[44,10162,1598],{"class":58},[44,10164,69],{"class":62},[44,10166,82],{"class":58},[1044,10168,10170],{"id":10169},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,10172,10174],{"className":37,"code":10173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10175,10176,10206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10179,9788],{"class":50},[44,10181,55],{"class":54},[44,10183,9793],{"class":548},[44,10185,127],{"class":58},[44,10187,8287],{"class":9798},[44,10189,55],{"class":54},[44,10191,590],{"class":583},[44,10193,5621],{"class":587},[44,10195,590],{"class":583},[44,10197,66],{"class":58},[44,10199,9811],{"class":9798},[44,10201,55],{"class":54},[44,10203,9816],{"class":62},[44,10205,133],{"class":58},[44,10207,10208,10210,10212,10214],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10209,140],{"class":139},[44,10211,127],{"class":58},[44,10213,9827],{"class":123},[44,10215,133],{"class":58},[20,10217,10218],{},[197,10219,150],{},[35,10221,10223],{"className":37,"code":10222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10224,10225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10226,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10228,160],{"class":58},[44,10230,590],{"class":583},[44,10232,8287],{"class":587},[44,10234,590],{"class":583},[44,10236,1598],{"class":58},[44,10238,584],{"class":583},[44,10240,5621],{"class":587},[44,10242,590],{"class":583},[44,10244,66],{"class":58},[44,10246,584],{"class":583},[44,10248,9921],{"class":587},[44,10250,590],{"class":583},[44,10252,1598],{"class":58},[44,10254,9928],{"class":62},[44,10256,82],{"class":58},[1044,10258,10260],{"id":10259},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10262,10263],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,10265,10267],{"className":37,"code":10266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10268,10269,10309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10270,10271,10273,10275,10277,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10272,9788],{"class":50},[44,10274,55],{"class":54},[44,10276,9793],{"class":548},[44,10278,10279],{"class":58},"([(",[44,10281,590],{"class":583},[44,10283,176],{"class":587},[44,10285,590],{"class":583},[44,10287,66],{"class":58},[44,10289,2212],{"class":62},[44,10291,10292],{"class":58},")],",[44,10294,1405],{"class":9798},[44,10296,55],{"class":54},[44,10298,339],{"class":62},[44,10300,66],{"class":58},[44,10302,387],{"class":9798},[44,10304,55],{"class":54},[44,10306,95],{"class":62},[44,10308,133],{"class":58},[44,10310,10311,10313,10315,10317],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10312,140],{"class":139},[44,10314,127],{"class":58},[44,10316,9827],{"class":123},[44,10318,133],{"class":58},[20,10320,10321],{},[197,10322,150],{},[35,10324,10326],{"className":37,"code":10325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10327,10328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10329,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10331,160],{"class":58},[44,10333,590],{"class":583},[44,10335,176],{"class":587},[44,10337,590],{"class":583},[44,10339,1598],{"class":58},[44,10341,2212],{"class":62},[44,10343,66],{"class":58},[44,10345,584],{"class":583},[44,10347,130],{"class":587},[44,10349,590],{"class":583},[44,10351,1598],{"class":58},[44,10353,69],{"class":62},[44,10355,66],{"class":58},[44,10357,584],{"class":583},[44,10359,431],{"class":587},[44,10361,590],{"class":583},[44,10363,1598],{"class":58},[44,10365,74],{"class":62},[44,10367,82],{"class":58},[30,10369,10024],{"id":10370},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10372,1296,10373,10375],{},[15,10374,9742],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,10377,10379],{"className":37,"code":10378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10380,10381,10391,10405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10382,10383,10385,10387,10389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10384,9788],{"class":50},[44,10386,55],{"class":54},[44,10388,9793],{"class":548},[44,10390,571],{"class":58},[44,10392,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10394,140],{"class":139},[44,10396,127],{"class":58},[44,10398,549],{"class":548},[44,10400,127],{"class":58},[44,10402,9827],{"class":123},[44,10404,556],{"class":58},[44,10406,10407,10409,10411,10413],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,10408,140],{"class":139},[44,10410,127],{"class":58},[44,10412,9827],{"class":123},[44,10414,133],{"class":58},[20,10416,10417],{},[197,10418,150],{},[35,10420,10422],{"className":37,"code":10421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10423,10424,10438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10425,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10427,576],{"class":54},[44,10429,580],{"class":579},[44,10431,584],{"class":583},[44,10433,9443],{"class":587},[44,10435,590],{"class":583},[44,10437,593],{"class":54},[44,10439,10440],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10441,10056],{"class":58},[20,10443,10444],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,10446,10448],{"className":37,"code":10447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,10449,10450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10451,10452,10454,10456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10453,9788],{"class":50},[44,10455,55],{"class":54},[44,10457,10458],{"class":58}," {}\n",[20,10460,10461,10462,10464,10465,10468,10469,10471],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10463,603],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10466,10467],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10470,9742],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,10473,10475],{"id":10474},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10477,10478,10479,120],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10480,9742],{},[35,10482,10484],{"className":37,"code":10483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10485,10486,10524,10538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10487,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10489,9838],{"class":50},[44,10491,55],{"class":54},[44,10493,9843],{"class":58},[44,10495,590],{"class":583},[44,10497,8287],{"class":587},[44,10499,590],{"class":583},[44,10501,66],{"class":58},[44,10503,584],{"class":583},[44,10505,5621],{"class":587},[44,10507,590],{"class":583},[44,10509,9856],{"class":58},[44,10511,9859],{"class":58},[44,10513,590],{"class":583},[44,10515,9921],{"class":587},[44,10517,590],{"class":583},[44,10519,66],{"class":58},[44,10521,9928],{"class":62},[44,10523,9872],{"class":58},[44,10525,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10527,9788],{"class":50},[44,10529,55],{"class":54},[44,10531,9793],{"class":548},[44,10533,127],{"class":58},[44,10535,9885],{"class":123},[44,10537,133],{"class":58},[44,10539,10540,10542,10544,10546],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,10541,140],{"class":139},[44,10543,127],{"class":58},[44,10545,9827],{"class":123},[44,10547,133],{"class":58},[20,10549,10550],{},[197,10551,150],{},[35,10553,10554],{"className":37,"code":10222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10555,10556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10557,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10559,160],{"class":58},[44,10561,590],{"class":583},[44,10563,8287],{"class":587},[44,10565,590],{"class":583},[44,10567,1598],{"class":58},[44,10569,584],{"class":583},[44,10571,5621],{"class":587},[44,10573,590],{"class":583},[44,10575,66],{"class":58},[44,10577,584],{"class":583},[44,10579,9921],{"class":587},[44,10581,590],{"class":583},[44,10583,1598],{"class":58},[44,10585,9928],{"class":62},[44,10587,82],{"class":58},[20,10589,10590],{},"Each pair becomes:",[205,10592,10593,10596],{},[208,10594,10595],{},"the first item as the key",[208,10597,10598],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10600,10601],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,10603,10605],{"className":37,"code":10604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10606,10607,10642,10656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10608,10609,10611,10613,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10610,9838],{"class":50},[44,10612,55],{"class":54},[44,10614,10615],{"class":58}," ((",[44,10617,590],{"class":583},[44,10619,176],{"class":587},[44,10621,590],{"class":583},[44,10623,66],{"class":58},[44,10625,2212],{"class":62},[44,10627,9856],{"class":58},[44,10629,9859],{"class":58},[44,10631,590],{"class":583},[44,10633,130],{"class":587},[44,10635,590],{"class":583},[44,10637,66],{"class":58},[44,10639,69],{"class":62},[44,10641,556],{"class":58},[44,10643,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10645,9788],{"class":50},[44,10647,55],{"class":54},[44,10649,9793],{"class":548},[44,10651,127],{"class":58},[44,10653,9885],{"class":123},[44,10655,133],{"class":58},[44,10657,10658,10660,10662,10664],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,10659,140],{"class":139},[44,10661,127],{"class":58},[44,10663,9827],{"class":123},[44,10665,133],{"class":58},[20,10667,10668],{},[197,10669,150],{},[35,10671,10672],{"className":37,"code":10136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10673,10674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10675,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10677,160],{"class":58},[44,10679,590],{"class":583},[44,10681,176],{"class":587},[44,10683,590],{"class":583},[44,10685,1598],{"class":58},[44,10687,2212],{"class":62},[44,10689,66],{"class":58},[44,10691,584],{"class":583},[44,10693,130],{"class":587},[44,10695,590],{"class":583},[44,10697,1598],{"class":58},[44,10699,69],{"class":62},[44,10701,82],{"class":58},[20,10703,10704,10705,120],{},"Each item must contain ",[197,10706,10707],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10709,3461],{},[35,10711,10713],{"className":37,"code":10712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10714,10715,10755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10716,10717,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10718,10719],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,10721,55],{"class":54},[44,10723,9843],{"class":58},[44,10725,590],{"class":583},[44,10727,176],{"class":587},[44,10729,590],{"class":583},[44,10731,66],{"class":58},[44,10733,2212],{"class":62},[44,10735,66],{"class":58},[44,10737,10738],{"class":62}," 100",[44,10740,9856],{"class":58},[44,10742,9859],{"class":58},[44,10744,590],{"class":583},[44,10746,130],{"class":587},[44,10748,590],{"class":583},[44,10750,66],{"class":58},[44,10752,69],{"class":62},[44,10754,9872],{"class":58},[44,10756,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10768],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10758,112],{"class":50},[44,10760,55],{"class":54},[44,10762,9793],{"class":548},[44,10764,127],{"class":58},[44,10766,10767],{"class":123},"bad_data",[44,10769,133],{"class":58},[20,10771,10772,10773,10776],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10774,10775],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10778,10779],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,10781,10783],{"className":37,"code":10782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10784,10785,10834,10848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10786,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10818,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10788,9838],{"class":50},[44,10790,55],{"class":54},[44,10792,9843],{"class":58},[44,10794,590],{"class":583},[44,10796,176],{"class":587},[44,10798,590],{"class":583},[44,10800,66],{"class":58},[44,10802,2212],{"class":62},[44,10804,9856],{"class":58},[44,10806,9859],{"class":58},[44,10808,590],{"class":583},[44,10810,176],{"class":587},[44,10812,590],{"class":583},[44,10814,66],{"class":58},[44,10816,10817],{"class":62}," 99",[44,10819,9856],{"class":58},[44,10821,9859],{"class":58},[44,10823,590],{"class":583},[44,10825,130],{"class":587},[44,10827,590],{"class":583},[44,10829,66],{"class":58},[44,10831,69],{"class":62},[44,10833,9872],{"class":58},[44,10835,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10837,9788],{"class":50},[44,10839,55],{"class":54},[44,10841,9793],{"class":548},[44,10843,127],{"class":58},[44,10845,9885],{"class":123},[44,10847,133],{"class":58},[44,10849,10850,10852,10854,10856],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,10851,140],{"class":139},[44,10853,127],{"class":58},[44,10855,9827],{"class":123},[44,10857,133],{"class":58},[20,10859,10860],{},[197,10861,150],{},[35,10863,10865],{"className":37,"code":10864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10866,10867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10868,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10870,160],{"class":58},[44,10872,590],{"class":583},[44,10874,176],{"class":587},[44,10876,590],{"class":583},[44,10878,1598],{"class":58},[44,10880,10817],{"class":62},[44,10882,66],{"class":58},[44,10884,584],{"class":583},[44,10886,130],{"class":587},[44,10888,590],{"class":583},[44,10890,1598],{"class":58},[44,10892,69],{"class":62},[44,10894,82],{"class":58},[30,10896,10898],{"id":10897},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10900,10901],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10903,10904],{"className":37,"code":10173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10905,10906,10936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10907,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10909,9788],{"class":50},[44,10911,55],{"class":54},[44,10913,9793],{"class":548},[44,10915,127],{"class":58},[44,10917,8287],{"class":9798},[44,10919,55],{"class":54},[44,10921,590],{"class":583},[44,10923,5621],{"class":587},[44,10925,590],{"class":583},[44,10927,66],{"class":58},[44,10929,9811],{"class":9798},[44,10931,55],{"class":54},[44,10933,9816],{"class":62},[44,10935,133],{"class":58},[44,10937,10938,10940,10942,10944],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,10939,140],{"class":139},[44,10941,127],{"class":58},[44,10943,9827],{"class":123},[44,10945,133],{"class":58},[20,10947,10948],{},[197,10949,150],{},[35,10951,10952],{"className":37,"code":10222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10953,10954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10955,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10957,160],{"class":58},[44,10959,590],{"class":583},[44,10961,8287],{"class":587},[44,10963,590],{"class":583},[44,10965,1598],{"class":58},[44,10967,584],{"class":583},[44,10969,5621],{"class":587},[44,10971,590],{"class":583},[44,10973,66],{"class":58},[44,10975,584],{"class":583},[44,10977,9921],{"class":587},[44,10979,590],{"class":583},[44,10981,1598],{"class":58},[44,10983,9928],{"class":62},[44,10985,82],{"class":58},[20,10987,10988],{},"In this form:",[205,10990,10991,10999],{},[208,10992,10993,10995,10996],{},[15,10994,8287],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10997,10998],{},"'name'",[208,11000,11001,10995,11003],{},[15,11002,9921],{},[15,11004,11005],{},"'age'",[20,11007,11008],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11010,11011],{},"Valid examples:",[35,11013,11015],{"className":37,"code":11014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11016,11017,11055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11018,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11030,11032,11034,11037,11039,11041,11044,11046,11048,11051,11053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11020,9788],{"class":50},[44,11022,55],{"class":54},[44,11024,9793],{"class":548},[44,11026,127],{"class":58},[44,11028,11029],{"class":9798},"city",[44,11031,55],{"class":54},[44,11033,590],{"class":583},[44,11035,11036],{"class":587},"Paris",[44,11038,590],{"class":583},[44,11040,66],{"class":58},[44,11042,11043],{"class":9798}," country",[44,11045,55],{"class":54},[44,11047,590],{"class":583},[44,11049,11050],{"class":587},"France",[44,11052,590],{"class":583},[44,11054,133],{"class":58},[44,11056,11057,11059,11061,11063],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11058,140],{"class":139},[44,11060,127],{"class":58},[44,11062,9827],{"class":123},[44,11064,133],{"class":58},[20,11066,11067],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[205,11069,11070,11073,11076],{},[208,11071,11072],{},"spaces",[208,11074,11075],{},"hyphens",[208,11077,11078],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11080,11081,11082,11085],{},"For example, this is ",[197,11083,11084],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,11087,11089],{"className":37,"code":11088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11090,11091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11092,11093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11094,11088],{"class":1992},[20,11096,11097],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,11099,11101],{"className":37,"code":11100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11102,11103,11145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11104,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11106,9788],{"class":50},[44,11108,55],{"class":54},[44,11110,59],{"class":58},[44,11112,590],{"class":583},[44,11114,11115],{"class":587},"first-name",[44,11117,590],{"class":583},[44,11119,1598],{"class":58},[44,11121,584],{"class":583},[44,11123,8296],{"class":587},[44,11125,590],{"class":583},[44,11127,66],{"class":58},[44,11129,584],{"class":583},[44,11131,11132],{"class":587},"first name",[44,11134,590],{"class":583},[44,11136,1598],{"class":58},[44,11138,584],{"class":583},[44,11140,8296],{"class":587},[44,11142,590],{"class":583},[44,11144,82],{"class":58},[44,11146,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11148,140],{"class":139},[44,11150,127],{"class":58},[44,11152,9827],{"class":123},[44,11154,133],{"class":58},[20,11156,11157],{},[197,11158,150],{},[35,11160,11162],{"className":37,"code":11161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11163,11164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11165,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11167,160],{"class":58},[44,11169,590],{"class":583},[44,11171,11115],{"class":587},[44,11173,590],{"class":583},[44,11175,1598],{"class":58},[44,11177,584],{"class":583},[44,11179,8296],{"class":587},[44,11181,590],{"class":583},[44,11183,66],{"class":58},[44,11185,584],{"class":583},[44,11187,11132],{"class":587},[44,11189,590],{"class":583},[44,11191,1598],{"class":58},[44,11193,584],{"class":583},[44,11195,8296],{"class":587},[44,11197,590],{"class":583},[44,11199,82],{"class":58},[30,11201,11203,1036,11205],{"id":11202},"dict-vs",[15,11204,9742],{},[15,11206,603],{},[20,11208,11209,11210,2495,11212,11214],{},"Both ",[15,11211,9742],{},[15,11213,603],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1044,11216,1296,11218,11220],{"id":11217},"use-when",[15,11219,603],{}," when:",[205,11222,11223,11226],{},[208,11224,11225],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[208,11227,11228],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,11230,11231],{"className":37,"code":10447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11232,11233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11234,11235,11237,11239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11236,9788],{"class":50},[44,11238,55],{"class":54},[44,11240,10458],{"class":58},[1044,11242,1296,11244,11220],{"id":11243},"use-dict-when",[15,11245,9742],{},[205,11247,11248,11251,11254],{},[208,11249,11250],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[208,11252,11253],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[208,11255,11256],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,11258,11260],{"className":37,"code":11259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11261,11262,11299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11263,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11265,9788],{"class":50},[44,11267,55],{"class":54},[44,11269,9793],{"class":548},[44,11271,10279],{"class":58},[44,11273,590],{"class":583},[44,11275,176],{"class":587},[44,11277,590],{"class":583},[44,11279,66],{"class":58},[44,11281,2212],{"class":62},[44,11283,9856],{"class":58},[44,11285,9859],{"class":58},[44,11287,590],{"class":583},[44,11289,130],{"class":587},[44,11291,590],{"class":583},[44,11293,66],{"class":58},[44,11295,69],{"class":62},[44,11297,11298],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,11300,11301,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11302,11303],{"class":50},"info ",[44,11305,55],{"class":54},[44,11307,9793],{"class":548},[44,11309,127],{"class":58},[44,11311,8287],{"class":9798},[44,11313,55],{"class":54},[44,11315,590],{"class":583},[44,11317,5621],{"class":587},[44,11319,590],{"class":583},[44,11321,66],{"class":58},[44,11323,9811],{"class":9798},[44,11325,55],{"class":54},[44,11327,9816],{"class":62},[44,11329,133],{"class":58},[20,11331,11332],{},"So:",[205,11334,11335,11340],{},[208,11336,11337,11339],{},[15,11338,603],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[208,11341,11342,11344],{},[15,11343,9742],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11346,11347,11348,11352,11353,120],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[176,11349,11351],{"href":11350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[176,11354,11356,11357,2544],{"href":11355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11358,11359],{},"get()",[30,11361,11363],{"id":11362},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11365,11366,11367,120],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11368,9742],{},[1044,11370,11372],{"id":11371},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11374,5144],{},[35,11376,11378],{"className":37,"code":11377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11379,11380,11404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11381,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11383,8399],{"class":50},[44,11385,55],{"class":54},[44,11387,1954],{"class":58},[44,11389,590],{"class":583},[44,11391,176],{"class":587},[44,11393,590],{"class":583},[44,11395,66],{"class":58},[44,11397,584],{"class":583},[44,11399,130],{"class":587},[44,11401,590],{"class":583},[44,11403,1967],{"class":58},[44,11405,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11407,9788],{"class":50},[44,11409,55],{"class":54},[44,11411,9793],{"class":548},[44,11413,127],{"class":58},[44,11415,8430],{"class":123},[44,11417,133],{"class":58},[20,11419,11420,11421,120],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11422,11423],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11425,11426],{},"Correct version:",[35,11428,11430],{"className":37,"code":11429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11431,11432,11466,11480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11433,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11435,8399],{"class":50},[44,11437,55],{"class":54},[44,11439,9843],{"class":58},[44,11441,590],{"class":583},[44,11443,176],{"class":587},[44,11445,590],{"class":583},[44,11447,66],{"class":58},[44,11449,2212],{"class":62},[44,11451,9856],{"class":58},[44,11453,9859],{"class":58},[44,11455,590],{"class":583},[44,11457,130],{"class":587},[44,11459,590],{"class":583},[44,11461,66],{"class":58},[44,11463,69],{"class":62},[44,11465,9872],{"class":58},[44,11467,11468,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11469,9788],{"class":50},[44,11471,55],{"class":54},[44,11473,9793],{"class":548},[44,11475,127],{"class":58},[44,11477,8430],{"class":123},[44,11479,133],{"class":58},[44,11481,11482,11484,11486,11488],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,11483,140],{"class":139},[44,11485,127],{"class":58},[44,11487,9827],{"class":123},[44,11489,133],{"class":58},[1044,11491,11493],{"id":11492},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11495,11496],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,11498,11500],{"className":37,"code":11499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11501,11502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11503,11504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11505,11499],{"class":1992},[20,11507,11508,11509,1598],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11510,55],{},[35,11512,11514],{"className":37,"code":11513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11515,11516,11538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11517,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11519,9788],{"class":50},[44,11521,55],{"class":54},[44,11523,9793],{"class":548},[44,11525,127],{"class":58},[44,11527,8287],{"class":9798},[44,11529,55],{"class":54},[44,11531,590],{"class":583},[44,11533,5621],{"class":587},[44,11535,590],{"class":583},[44,11537,133],{"class":58},[44,11539,11540,11542,11544,11546],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11541,140],{"class":139},[44,11543,127],{"class":58},[44,11545,9827],{"class":123},[44,11547,133],{"class":58},[1044,11549,11551],{"id":11550},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11553,11554],{},"This will not work:",[35,11556,11557],{"className":37,"code":11088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11558,11559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11560,11561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11562,11088],{"class":1992},[20,11564,11565],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,11567,11569],{"className":37,"code":11568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11570,11571,11595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11572,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11574,9788],{"class":50},[44,11576,55],{"class":54},[44,11578,59],{"class":58},[44,11580,590],{"class":583},[44,11582,11115],{"class":587},[44,11584,590],{"class":583},[44,11586,1598],{"class":58},[44,11588,584],{"class":583},[44,11590,8296],{"class":587},[44,11592,590],{"class":583},[44,11594,82],{"class":58},[44,11596,11597,11599,11601,11603],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11598,140],{"class":139},[44,11600,127],{"class":58},[44,11602,9827],{"class":123},[44,11604,133],{"class":58},[1044,11606,11608],{"id":11607},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11610,11611],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,11613,11615],{"className":37,"code":11614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11616,11617,11653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11618,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11620,9788],{"class":50},[44,11622,55],{"class":54},[44,11624,9793],{"class":548},[44,11626,10279],{"class":58},[44,11628,590],{"class":583},[44,11630,2801],{"class":587},[44,11632,590],{"class":583},[44,11634,66],{"class":58},[44,11636,2212],{"class":62},[44,11638,9856],{"class":58},[44,11640,9859],{"class":58},[44,11642,590],{"class":583},[44,11644,2801],{"class":587},[44,11646,590],{"class":583},[44,11648,66],{"class":58},[44,11650,69],{"class":62},[44,11652,11298],{"class":58},[44,11654,11655,11657,11659,11661],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11656,140],{"class":139},[44,11658,127],{"class":58},[44,11660,9827],{"class":123},[44,11662,133],{"class":58},[20,11664,11665],{},[197,11666,150],{},[35,11668,11670],{"className":37,"code":11669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11671,11672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11673,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11675,160],{"class":58},[44,11677,590],{"class":583},[44,11679,2801],{"class":587},[44,11681,590],{"class":583},[44,11683,1598],{"class":58},[44,11685,69],{"class":62},[44,11687,82],{"class":58},[20,11689,11690,11691,120],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[176,11692,11694],{"href":11693},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,11696,3454],{"id":3453},[20,11698,11699,11700,11702],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11701,9742],{}," include:",[205,11704,11705,11715,11721,11724],{},[208,11706,11707,11708,11711,11712],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11709,11710],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11713,11714],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[208,11716,11717,11718],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11719,11720],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[208,11722,11723],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[208,11725,11726,11727,11729],{},"confusing ",[15,11728,9742],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11731,11732],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,11734,11736],{"className":37,"code":11735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11737,11738,11752,11762,11773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11739,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11741,140],{"class":139},[44,11743,127],{"class":58},[44,11745,549],{"class":548},[44,11747,127],{"class":58},[44,11749,9827],{"class":123},[44,11751,556],{"class":58},[44,11753,11754,11756,11758,11760],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11755,140],{"class":139},[44,11757,127],{"class":58},[44,11759,9827],{"class":123},[44,11761,133],{"class":58},[44,11763,11764,11766,11768,11771],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,11765,140],{"class":139},[44,11767,127],{"class":58},[44,11769,11770],{"class":123},"list_of_pairs",[44,11772,133],{"class":58},[44,11774,11775,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,11776,140],{"class":139},[44,11778,127],{"class":58},[44,11780,2441],{"class":139},[44,11782,127],{"class":58},[44,11784,11770],{"class":123},[44,11786,556],{"class":58},[20,11788,2458],{},[205,11790,11791,11794,11797],{},[208,11792,11793],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[208,11795,11796],{},"what data is being passed in",[208,11798,11799],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11801,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,11803,2492,11805,2495,11807,1447],{"id":11804},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11806,9742],{},[15,11808,603],{},[20,11810,11811,11813,11814,11816],{},[15,11812,603],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11815,9742],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1044,11818,5788,11820,11822],{"id":11819},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11821,9742],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11824,11825,11826,120],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11827,11714],{},[1044,11829,5776,11831,11834],{"id":11830},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11832,11833],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11836,11837],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1044,11839,11841,11842,11844],{"id":11840},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11843,9742],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11846,11847,11848,11851],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11849,11850],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11853,2528],{"id":2527},[205,11855,11856,11861,11865,11870,11876],{},[208,11857,11858],{},[176,11859,11860],{"href":10012},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[208,11862,11863],{},[176,11864,9778],{"href":9777},[208,11866,11867],{},[176,11868,11869],{"href":11350},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[208,11871,11872],{},[176,11873,11356,11874,2544],{"href":11355},[15,11875,11359],{},[208,11877,11878],{},[176,11879,11880],{"href":11693},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2554,11882,11883],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":11885},[11886,11888,11894,11895,11896,11897,11904,11910,11911,11921],{"id":9966,"depth":85,"text":11887},"What dict() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":11889},[11890,11891,11892,11893],{"id":10023,"depth":109,"text":10024},{"id":10065,"depth":109,"text":10066},{"id":10169,"depth":109,"text":10170},{"id":10259,"depth":109,"text":10260},{"id":10370,"depth":85,"text":10024},{"id":10474,"depth":85,"text":10475},{"id":10897,"depth":85,"text":10898},{"id":11202,"depth":85,"text":11898,"children":11899},"dict() vs {}",[11900,11902],{"id":11217,"depth":109,"text":11901},"Use {} when:",{"id":11243,"depth":109,"text":11903},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11362,"depth":85,"text":11363,"children":11905},[11906,11907,11908,11909],{"id":11371,"depth":109,"text":11372},{"id":11492,"depth":109,"text":11493},{"id":11550,"depth":109,"text":11551},{"id":11607,"depth":109,"text":11608},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":11912},[11913,11915,11917,11919],{"id":11804,"depth":109,"text":11914},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11819,"depth":109,"text":11916},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11830,"depth":109,"text":11918},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11840,"depth":109,"text":11920},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9734,"description":11922},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11929,"title":11930,"body":11931,"description":13438,"extension":2593,"meta":13439,"navigation":364,"path":13440,"seo":13441,"stem":13442,"__hash__":13443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11932,"toc":13407},[11933,11940,11946,11953,11955,12016,12021,12026,12031,12049,12052,12056,12058,12074,12077,12090,12092,12095,12229,12231,12298,12300,12316,12322,12328,12331,12413,12415,12429,12433,12439,12504,12506,12514,12517,12540,12546,12609,12615,12618,12632,12645,12649,12660,12665,12676,12683,12687,12693,12815,12817,12843,12846,12863,12866,12977,12979,13028,13030,13043,13052,13057,13062,13073,13075,13178,13201,13203,13207,13226,13229,13287,13290,13316,13318,13324,13327,13333,13337,13344,13352,13358,13361,13363,13404],[10,11934,11936,11937,18],{"id":11935},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11938,11939],{},"clear()",[20,11941,11942,11945],{},[15,11943,11944],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11947,11948,11949,11952],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[197,11950,11951],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11954,2634],{"id":2633},[35,11956,11958],{"className":37,"code":11957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11959,11960,11992,12003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11961,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11963,9788],{"class":50},[44,11965,55],{"class":54},[44,11967,59],{"class":58},[44,11969,633],{"class":583},[44,11971,176],{"class":587},[44,11973,633],{"class":583},[44,11975,1598],{"class":58},[44,11977,2212],{"class":62},[44,11979,66],{"class":58},[44,11981,643],{"class":583},[44,11983,130],{"class":587},[44,11985,633],{"class":583},[44,11987,1598],{"class":58},[44,11989,69],{"class":62},[44,11991,82],{"class":58},[44,11993,11994,11996,11998,12001],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,11995,9827],{"class":50},[44,11997,120],{"class":58},[44,11999,12000],{"class":123},"clear",[44,12002,571],{"class":58},[44,12004,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12006,140],{"class":139},[44,12008,127],{"class":58},[44,12010,9827],{"class":123},[44,12012,4281],{"class":58},[44,12014,12015],{"class":1992},"  # {}\n",[20,12017,12018,12020],{},[15,12019,11939],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,12022,186,12024,189],{"id":12023},"what-clear-does",[15,12025,11939],{},[20,12027,192,12028,12030],{},[15,12029,11939],{}," method:",[205,12032,12033,12036,12039,12044],{},[208,12034,12035],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[208,12037,12038],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[208,12040,12041,12042],{},"Returns ",[15,12043,4398],{},[208,12045,12046,12047],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12048,603],{},[20,12050,12051],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12053,9774,12054,120],{},[176,12055,9778],{"href":9777},[30,12057,234],{"id":233},[35,12059,12061],{"className":37,"code":12060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12062,12063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12064,12065,12068,12070,12072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12066,12067],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,12069,120],{"class":58},[44,12071,12000],{"class":123},[44,12073,571],{"class":58},[20,12075,12076],{},"Important points:",[205,12078,12079,12084,12087],{},[208,12080,12081,12083],{},[15,12082,11939],{}," takes no arguments",[208,12085,12086],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[208,12088,12089],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,12091,613],{"id":612},[20,12093,12094],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,12096,12098],{"className":37,"code":12097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12099,12100,12110,12131,12145,12162,12166,12170,12190,12194,12205,12209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12101,12102,12105,12107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12103,12104],{"class":50},"user ",[44,12106,55],{"class":54},[44,12108,12109],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,12111,12112,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12126,12128],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12113,12114],{"class":583},"    \"",[44,12116,8287],{"class":587},[44,12118,633],{"class":583},[44,12120,1598],{"class":58},[44,12122,643],{"class":583},[44,12124,12125],{"class":587},"Maya",[44,12127,633],{"class":583},[44,12129,12130],{"class":58},",\n",[44,12132,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12134,12114],{"class":583},[44,12136,9921],{"class":587},[44,12138,633],{"class":583},[44,12140,1598],{"class":58},[44,12142,9928],{"class":62},[44,12144,12130],{"class":58},[44,12146,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12160],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12148,12114],{"class":583},[44,12150,11029],{"class":587},[44,12152,633],{"class":583},[44,12154,1598],{"class":58},[44,12156,643],{"class":583},[44,12158,12159],{"class":587},"Berlin",[44,12161,3979],{"class":583},[44,12163,12164],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,12165,82],{"class":58},[44,12167,12168],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,12169,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12171,12172,12174,12176,12178,12181,12183,12185,12188],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,12173,140],{"class":139},[44,12175,127],{"class":58},[44,12177,633],{"class":583},[44,12179,12180],{"class":587},"Before:",[44,12182,633],{"class":583},[44,12184,66],{"class":58},[44,12186,12187],{"class":123}," user",[44,12189,133],{"class":58},[44,12191,12192],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,12193,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12195,12196,12199,12201,12203],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,12197,12198],{"class":50},"user",[44,12200,120],{"class":58},[44,12202,12000],{"class":123},[44,12204,571],{"class":58},[44,12206,12207],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,12208,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12221,12223,12225,12227],{"class":46,"line":12211},11,[44,12213,140],{"class":139},[44,12215,127],{"class":58},[44,12217,633],{"class":583},[44,12219,12220],{"class":587},"After:",[44,12222,633],{"class":583},[44,12224,66],{"class":58},[44,12226,12187],{"class":123},[44,12228,133],{"class":58},[20,12230,6177],{},[35,12232,12234],{"className":37,"code":12233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12235,12236,12289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12237,12238,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285,12287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12239,12240],{"class":50},"Before",[44,12242,1598],{"class":58},[44,12244,59],{"class":58},[44,12246,590],{"class":583},[44,12248,8287],{"class":587},[44,12250,590],{"class":583},[44,12252,1598],{"class":58},[44,12254,584],{"class":583},[44,12256,12125],{"class":587},[44,12258,590],{"class":583},[44,12260,66],{"class":58},[44,12262,584],{"class":583},[44,12264,9921],{"class":587},[44,12266,590],{"class":583},[44,12268,1598],{"class":58},[44,12270,9928],{"class":62},[44,12272,66],{"class":58},[44,12274,584],{"class":583},[44,12276,11029],{"class":587},[44,12278,590],{"class":583},[44,12280,1598],{"class":58},[44,12282,584],{"class":583},[44,12284,12159],{"class":587},[44,12286,590],{"class":583},[44,12288,82],{"class":58},[44,12290,12291,12294,12296],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12292,12293],{"class":50},"After",[44,12295,1598],{"class":58},[44,12297,10458],{"class":58},[20,12299,832],{},[205,12301,12302,12307,12313],{},[208,12303,12304,12306],{},[15,12305,12198],{}," starts with three items",[208,12308,12309,12312],{},[15,12310,12311],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[208,12314,12315],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,12317,186,12319,12321],{"id":12318},"what-clear-returns",[15,12320,11939],{}," returns",[20,12323,12324,3025,12326,120],{},[15,12325,11939],{},[15,12327,4398],{},[20,12329,12330],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,12332,12334],{"className":37,"code":12333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12335,12336,12370,12374,12389,12393,12403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12337,12338,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359,12362,12364,12366,12368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12339,12340],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,12342,55],{"class":54},[44,12344,59],{"class":58},[44,12346,633],{"class":583},[44,12348,2801],{"class":587},[44,12350,633],{"class":583},[44,12352,1598],{"class":58},[44,12354,2212],{"class":62},[44,12356,66],{"class":58},[44,12358,643],{"class":583},[44,12360,12361],{"class":587},"y",[44,12363,633],{"class":583},[44,12365,1598],{"class":58},[44,12367,69],{"class":62},[44,12369,82],{"class":58},[44,12371,12372],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12373,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12375,12376,12378,12380,12383,12385,12387],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12377,112],{"class":50},[44,12379,55],{"class":54},[44,12381,12382],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,12384,120],{"class":58},[44,12386,12000],{"class":123},[44,12388,571],{"class":58},[44,12390,12391],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12392,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12394,12395,12397,12399,12401],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,12396,140],{"class":139},[44,12398,127],{"class":58},[44,12400,145],{"class":123},[44,12402,133],{"class":58},[44,12404,12405,12407,12409,12411],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,12406,140],{"class":139},[44,12408,127],{"class":58},[44,12410,12067],{"class":123},[44,12412,133],{"class":58},[20,12414,150],{},[35,12416,12418],{"className":37,"code":12417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,12419,12420,12425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12421,12422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12423,12424],{"class":4471},"None\n",[44,12426,12427],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12428,10056],{"class":58},[1044,12430,12432],{"id":12431},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12434,12435,12436,12438],{},"Do ",[197,12437,199],{}," do this:",[35,12440,12442],{"className":37,"code":12441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12443,12444,12476,12490,12494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12445,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12447,12340],{"class":50},[44,12449,55],{"class":54},[44,12451,59],{"class":58},[44,12453,633],{"class":583},[44,12455,2801],{"class":587},[44,12457,633],{"class":583},[44,12459,1598],{"class":58},[44,12461,2212],{"class":62},[44,12463,66],{"class":58},[44,12465,643],{"class":583},[44,12467,12361],{"class":587},[44,12469,633],{"class":583},[44,12471,1598],{"class":58},[44,12473,69],{"class":62},[44,12475,82],{"class":58},[44,12477,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12479,12340],{"class":50},[44,12481,55],{"class":54},[44,12483,12382],{"class":50},[44,12485,120],{"class":58},[44,12487,12000],{"class":123},[44,12489,571],{"class":58},[44,12491,12492],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12493,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12495,12496,12498,12500,12502],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12497,140],{"class":139},[44,12499,127],{"class":58},[44,12501,12067],{"class":123},[44,12503,133],{"class":58},[20,12505,150],{},[35,12507,12508],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12509,12510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12511,12512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12513,12424],{"class":4471},[20,12515,12516],{},"Why this happens:",[205,12518,12519,12525,12530],{},[208,12520,12521,12524],{},[15,12522,12523],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[208,12526,12527,12528],{},"The method returns ",[15,12529,4398],{},[208,12531,12532,12533,12536,12537,12539],{},"Then ",[15,12534,12535],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12538,4398],{}," in the variable",[20,12541,12542,12543,12545],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12544,11939],{}," by itself:",[35,12547,12549],{"className":37,"code":12548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12550,12551,12583,12593,12597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12552,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12554,12340],{"class":50},[44,12556,55],{"class":54},[44,12558,59],{"class":58},[44,12560,633],{"class":583},[44,12562,2801],{"class":587},[44,12564,633],{"class":583},[44,12566,1598],{"class":58},[44,12568,2212],{"class":62},[44,12570,66],{"class":58},[44,12572,643],{"class":583},[44,12574,12361],{"class":587},[44,12576,633],{"class":583},[44,12578,1598],{"class":58},[44,12580,69],{"class":62},[44,12582,82],{"class":58},[44,12584,12585,12587,12589,12591],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12586,12067],{"class":50},[44,12588,120],{"class":58},[44,12590,12000],{"class":123},[44,12592,571],{"class":58},[44,12594,12595],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12596,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12598,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12600,140],{"class":139},[44,12602,127],{"class":58},[44,12604,12067],{"class":123},[44,12606,4281],{"class":58},[44,12608,12015],{"class":1992},[30,12610,12612,12614],{"id":12611},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12613,11939],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12616,12617],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,12619,12620],{"className":37,"code":12060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12621,12622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12623,12624,12626,12628,12630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12625,12067],{"class":50},[44,12627,120],{"class":58},[44,12629,12000],{"class":123},[44,12631,571],{"class":58},[35,12633,12635],{"className":37,"code":12634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12636,12637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12638,12639,12641,12643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12640,12340],{"class":50},[44,12642,55],{"class":54},[44,12644,10458],{"class":58},[1044,12646,12647],{"id":12000},[15,12648,11939],{},[205,12650,12651,12654,12657],{},[208,12652,12653],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[208,12655,12656],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[208,12658,12659],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1044,12661,12662],{"id":12067},[15,12663,12664],{},"my_dict = {}",[205,12666,12667,12670,12673],{},[208,12668,12669],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[208,12671,12672],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[208,12674,12675],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12677,12678,12679,120],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[176,12680,12682],{"href":12681},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,12684,12686],{"id":12685},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12688,12689,12690,12692],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12691,11939],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,12694,12696],{"className":37,"code":12695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12697,12698,12731,12741,12745,12756,12760,12780,12800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12699,12700,12703,12705,12707,12709,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12701,12702],{"class":50},"original ",[44,12704,55],{"class":54},[44,12706,59],{"class":58},[44,12708,633],{"class":583},[44,12710,176],{"class":587},[44,12712,633],{"class":583},[44,12714,1598],{"class":58},[44,12716,2212],{"class":62},[44,12718,66],{"class":58},[44,12720,643],{"class":583},[44,12722,130],{"class":587},[44,12724,633],{"class":583},[44,12726,1598],{"class":58},[44,12728,69],{"class":62},[44,12730,82],{"class":58},[44,12732,12733,12736,12738],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12734,12735],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,12737,55],{"class":54},[44,12739,12740],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,12742,12743],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12744,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12746,12747,12750,12752,12754],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12748,12749],{"class":50},"original",[44,12751,120],{"class":58},[44,12753,12000],{"class":123},[44,12755,571],{"class":58},[44,12757,12758],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,12759,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12761,12762,12764,12766,12768,12771,12773,12775,12778],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,12763,140],{"class":139},[44,12765,127],{"class":58},[44,12767,633],{"class":583},[44,12769,12770],{"class":587},"original:",[44,12772,633],{"class":583},[44,12774,66],{"class":58},[44,12776,12777],{"class":123}," original",[44,12779,133],{"class":58},[44,12781,12782,12784,12786,12788,12791,12793,12795,12798],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,12783,140],{"class":139},[44,12785,127],{"class":58},[44,12787,633],{"class":583},[44,12789,12790],{"class":587},"other_ref:",[44,12792,633],{"class":583},[44,12794,66],{"class":58},[44,12796,12797],{"class":123}," other_ref",[44,12799,133],{"class":58},[44,12801,12802,12804,12806,12808,12811,12813],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,12803,140],{"class":139},[44,12805,127],{"class":58},[44,12807,12702],{"class":123},[44,12809,12810],{"class":4496},"is",[44,12812,12797],{"class":123},[44,12814,133],{"class":58},[20,12816,150],{},[35,12818,12820],{"className":37,"code":12819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12821,12822,12830,12839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12823,12824,12826,12828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12825,12749],{"class":50},[44,12827,1598],{"class":58},[44,12829,10458],{"class":58},[44,12831,12832,12835,12837],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12833,12834],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12836,1598],{"class":58},[44,12838,10458],{"class":58},[44,12840,12841],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12842,4601],{"class":4471},[20,12844,12845],{},"This shows:",[205,12847,12848,12855,12860],{},[208,12849,12850,2495,12852,12854],{},[15,12851,12749],{},[15,12853,12834],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[208,12856,12857,12859],{},[15,12858,11939],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[208,12861,12862],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12864,12865],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12867,12869],{"className":37,"code":12868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12870,12871,12903,12911,12915,12923,12927,12945,12963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12872,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12874,12702],{"class":50},[44,12876,55],{"class":54},[44,12878,59],{"class":58},[44,12880,633],{"class":583},[44,12882,176],{"class":587},[44,12884,633],{"class":583},[44,12886,1598],{"class":58},[44,12888,2212],{"class":62},[44,12890,66],{"class":58},[44,12892,643],{"class":583},[44,12894,130],{"class":587},[44,12896,633],{"class":583},[44,12898,1598],{"class":58},[44,12900,69],{"class":62},[44,12902,82],{"class":58},[44,12904,12905,12907,12909],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12906,12735],{"class":50},[44,12908,55],{"class":54},[44,12910,12740],{"class":50},[44,12912,12913],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,12914,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12916,12917,12919,12921],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,12918,12702],{"class":50},[44,12920,55],{"class":54},[44,12922,10458],{"class":58},[44,12924,12925],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,12926,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,12928,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,12930,140],{"class":139},[44,12932,127],{"class":58},[44,12934,633],{"class":583},[44,12936,12770],{"class":587},[44,12938,633],{"class":583},[44,12940,66],{"class":58},[44,12942,12777],{"class":123},[44,12944,133],{"class":58},[44,12946,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,12948,140],{"class":139},[44,12950,127],{"class":58},[44,12952,633],{"class":583},[44,12954,12790],{"class":587},[44,12956,633],{"class":583},[44,12958,66],{"class":58},[44,12960,12797],{"class":123},[44,12962,133],{"class":58},[44,12964,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,12966,140],{"class":139},[44,12968,127],{"class":58},[44,12970,12702],{"class":123},[44,12972,12810],{"class":4496},[44,12974,12797],{"class":123},[44,12976,133],{"class":58},[20,12978,150],{},[35,12980,12982],{"className":37,"code":12981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12983,12984,12992,13024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12985,12986,12988,12990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12987,12749],{"class":50},[44,12989,1598],{"class":58},[44,12991,10458],{"class":58},[44,12993,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,12995,12834],{"class":50},[44,12997,1598],{"class":58},[44,12999,59],{"class":58},[44,13001,590],{"class":583},[44,13003,176],{"class":587},[44,13005,590],{"class":583},[44,13007,1598],{"class":58},[44,13009,2212],{"class":62},[44,13011,66],{"class":58},[44,13013,584],{"class":583},[44,13015,130],{"class":587},[44,13017,590],{"class":583},[44,13019,1598],{"class":58},[44,13021,69],{"class":62},[44,13023,82],{"class":58},[44,13025,13026],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13027,4662],{"class":4471},[20,13029,2806],{},[205,13031,13032,13038],{},[208,13033,13034,13037],{},[15,13035,13036],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[208,13039,13040,13042],{},[15,13041,12834],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13044,13045,13046,120],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[176,13047,13049],{"href":13048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13050,13051],{},"dict.copy()",[30,13053,5578,13055],{"id":13054},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13056,11939],{},[20,13058,13059,13061],{},[15,13060,11939],{}," is useful when you want to:",[205,13063,13064,13067,13070],{},[208,13065,13066],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[208,13068,13069],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[208,13071,13072],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13074,295],{},[35,13076,13078],{"className":37,"code":13077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13079,13080,13089,13105,13125,13138,13142,13146,13151,13162,13166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13081,13082,13085,13087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13083,13084],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,13086,55],{"class":54},[44,13088,12109],{"class":58},[44,13090,13091,13093,13096,13098,13100,13103],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13092,12114],{"class":583},[44,13094,13095],{"class":587},"user_id",[44,13097,633],{"class":583},[44,13099,1598],{"class":58},[44,13101,13102],{"class":62}," 101",[44,13104,12130],{"class":58},[44,13106,13107,13109,13112,13114,13116,13118,13121,13123],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13108,12114],{"class":583},[44,13110,13111],{"class":587},"theme",[44,13113,633],{"class":583},[44,13115,1598],{"class":58},[44,13117,643],{"class":583},[44,13119,13120],{"class":587},"dark",[44,13122,633],{"class":583},[44,13124,12130],{"class":58},[44,13126,13127,13129,13132,13134,13136],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,13128,12114],{"class":583},[44,13130,13131],{"class":587},"logged_in",[44,13133,633],{"class":583},[44,13135,1598],{"class":58},[44,13137,7040],{"class":4471},[44,13139,13140],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,13141,82],{"class":58},[44,13143,13144],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,13145,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13147,13148],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,13149,13150],{"class":1992},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,13152,13153,13156,13158,13160],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,13154,13155],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,13157,120],{"class":58},[44,13159,12000],{"class":123},[44,13161,571],{"class":58},[44,13163,13164],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,13165,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13167,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,13169,140],{"class":139},[44,13171,127],{"class":58},[44,13173,13155],{"class":123},[44,13175,4281],{"class":58},[44,13177,12015],{"class":1992},[20,13179,13180,13181,13187,13188,120,13192,13194,13195,120],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[176,13182,13184],{"href":13183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13185,13186],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[176,13189,13191],{"href":13190},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10466,13193],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[176,13196,13198],{"href":13197},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13199,13200],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,13202,3454],{"id":3453},[20,13204,11366,13205,1598],{},[15,13206,11939],{},[205,13208,13209,13215,13220,13223],{},[208,13210,13211,13212,13214],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13213,11939],{}," to a variable",[208,13216,9075,13217,13219],{},[15,13218,11939],{}," to return a new dictionary",[208,13221,13222],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[208,13224,13225],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13227,13228],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,13230,13232],{"className":37,"code":13231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13233,13234,13244,13258,13273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13235,13236,13238,13240,13242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13237,140],{"class":139},[44,13239,127],{"class":58},[44,13241,12067],{"class":123},[44,13243,133],{"class":58},[44,13245,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13247,140],{"class":139},[44,13249,127],{"class":58},[44,13251,549],{"class":548},[44,13253,127],{"class":58},[44,13255,12067],{"class":123},[44,13257,556],{"class":58},[44,13259,13260,13262,13264,13267,13269,13271],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13261,140],{"class":139},[44,13263,127],{"class":58},[44,13265,13266],{"class":139},"id",[44,13268,127],{"class":58},[44,13270,12067],{"class":123},[44,13272,556],{"class":58},[44,13274,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,13276,140],{"class":139},[44,13278,127],{"class":58},[44,13280,12735],{"class":123},[44,13282,12810],{"class":4496},[44,13284,12382],{"class":123},[44,13286,133],{"class":58},[20,13288,13289],{},"What these show:",[205,13291,13292,13298,13304,13310],{},[208,13293,13294,13297],{},[15,13295,13296],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[208,13299,13300,13303],{},[15,13301,13302],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[208,13305,13306,13309],{},[15,13307,13308],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[208,13311,13312,13315],{},[15,13313,13314],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,13317,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,13319,2482,13321,13323],{"id":13320},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13322,11939],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13325,13326],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1044,13328,5760,13330,13332],{"id":13329},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13331,11944],{}," return?",[20,13334,5766,13335,120],{},[15,13336,4398],{},[1044,13338,2492,13340,2495,13342,1447],{"id":13339},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13341,11939],{},[15,13343,603],{},[20,13345,13346,13348,13349,13351],{},[15,13347,11939],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13350,603],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1044,13353,2482,13355,13357],{"id":13354},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13356,11939],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13359,13360],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,13362,2528],{"id":2527},[205,13364,13365,13369,13373,13380,13387,13394,13399],{},[208,13366,13367],{},[176,13368,9778],{"href":9777},[208,13370,13371],{},[176,13372,11860],{"href":10012},[208,13374,13375],{},[176,13376,11356,13377,2544],{"href":13183},[15,13378,13379],{},"pop()",[208,13381,13382],{},[176,13383,11356,13384,2544],{"href":13197},[15,13385,13386],{},"popitem()",[208,13388,13389],{},[176,13390,11356,13391,2544],{"href":13048},[15,13392,13393],{},"copy()",[208,13395,13396],{},[176,13397,13398],{"href":12681},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[208,13400,13401],{},[176,13402,13403],{"href":13190},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2554,13405,13406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":13408},[13409,13410,13412,13413,13414,13418,13423,13424,13426,13427,13437],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":12023,"depth":85,"text":13411},"What clear() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":12318,"depth":85,"text":13415,"children":13416},"What clear() returns",[13417],{"id":12431,"depth":109,"text":12432},{"id":12611,"depth":85,"text":13419,"children":13420},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13421,13422],{"id":12000,"depth":109,"text":11939},{"id":12067,"depth":109,"text":12664},{"id":12685,"depth":85,"text":12686},{"id":13054,"depth":85,"text":13425},"When to use clear()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":13428},[13429,13431,13433,13435],{"id":13320,"depth":109,"text":13430},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13329,"depth":109,"text":13432},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13339,"depth":109,"text":13434},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13354,"depth":109,"text":13436},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11930,"description":13438},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13445,"title":13446,"body":13447,"description":15615,"extension":2593,"meta":15616,"navigation":364,"path":15617,"seo":15618,"stem":15619,"__hash__":15620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13448,"toc":15587},[13449,13454,13459,13469,13471,13560,13564,13605,13610,13617,13635,13644,13646,13667,13669,13681,13683,13762,13766,13807,13809,13812,13940,13944,14024,14027,14045,14048,14052,14058,14060,14071,14073,14268,14272,14378,14381,14399,14402,14409,14414,14418,14432,14434,14561,14565,14645,14658,14664,14667,14675,14679,14805,14809,14883,14888,15019,15023,15097,15100,15114,15118,15122,15136,15138,15274,15278,15347,15349,15354,15376,15379,15486,15489,15500,15507,15509,15515,15518,15525,15528,15535,15543,15547,15550,15552,15584],[10,13450,11936,13452,18],{"id":13451},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13453,13393],{},[20,13455,13456,13458],{},[15,13457,13051],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13460,13461,13462,13464,13465,13468],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13463,13393],{}," makes a ",[197,13466,13467],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,13470,2634],{"id":2633},[35,13472,13474],{"className":37,"code":13473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13475,13476,13514,13531,13535,13546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13477,13478,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13479,13480],{"class":50},"student ",[44,13482,55],{"class":54},[44,13484,59],{"class":58},[44,13486,633],{"class":583},[44,13488,8287],{"class":587},[44,13490,633],{"class":583},[44,13492,1598],{"class":58},[44,13494,643],{"class":583},[44,13496,13497],{"class":587},"Ana",[44,13499,633],{"class":583},[44,13501,66],{"class":58},[44,13503,643],{"class":583},[44,13505,9921],{"class":587},[44,13507,633],{"class":583},[44,13509,1598],{"class":58},[44,13511,8410],{"class":62},[44,13513,82],{"class":58},[44,13515,13516,13519,13521,13524,13526,13529],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13517,13518],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,13520,55],{"class":54},[44,13522,13523],{"class":50}," student",[44,13525,120],{"class":58},[44,13527,13528],{"class":123},"copy",[44,13530,571],{"class":58},[44,13532,13533],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13534,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13536,13537,13539,13541,13544],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,13538,140],{"class":139},[44,13540,127],{"class":58},[44,13542,13543],{"class":123},"student_copy",[44,13545,133],{"class":58},[44,13547,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,13549,140],{"class":139},[44,13551,127],{"class":58},[44,13553,13518],{"class":123},[44,13555,12810],{"class":4496},[44,13557,13523],{"class":123},[44,13559,133],{"class":58},[20,13561,13562],{},[197,13563,150],{},[35,13565,13567],{"className":37,"code":13566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13568,13569,13601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13570,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13572,160],{"class":58},[44,13574,590],{"class":583},[44,13576,8287],{"class":587},[44,13578,590],{"class":583},[44,13580,1598],{"class":58},[44,13582,584],{"class":583},[44,13584,13497],{"class":587},[44,13586,590],{"class":583},[44,13588,66],{"class":58},[44,13590,584],{"class":583},[44,13592,9921],{"class":587},[44,13594,590],{"class":583},[44,13596,1598],{"class":58},[44,13598,8410],{"class":62},[44,13600,82],{"class":58},[44,13602,13603],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13604,4662],{"class":4471},[20,13606,1296,13607,13609],{},[15,13608,13393],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,13611,13613,13614,13616],{"id":13612},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13615,13393],{}," method does",[205,13618,13619,13624,13627,13632],{},[208,13620,13621,13623],{},[15,13622,13051],{}," returns a new dictionary",[208,13625,13626],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[208,13628,13629,13630],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13631,13393],{},[208,13633,13634],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13636,13637,13638,428,13641,120],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[176,13639,9778],{"href":13640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[176,13642,10013],{"href":13643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,13645,234],{"id":233},[35,13647,13649],{"className":37,"code":13648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13650,13651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13652,13653,13656,13658,13661,13663,13665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13654,13655],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,13657,55],{"class":54},[44,13659,13660],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,13662,120],{"class":58},[44,13664,13528],{"class":123},[44,13666,571],{"class":58},[20,13668,203],{},[205,13670,13671,13675,13678],{},[208,13672,13673,12083],{},[15,13674,13393],{},[208,13676,13677],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[208,13679,13680],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13682,295],{},[35,13684,13686],{"className":37,"code":13685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13687,13688,13731,13747,13751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13689,13690,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13727,13729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13691,13692],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,13694,55],{"class":54},[44,13696,59],{"class":58},[44,13698,633],{"class":583},[44,13700,176],{"class":587},[44,13702,633],{"class":583},[44,13704,1598],{"class":58},[44,13706,643],{"class":583},[44,13708,13709],{"class":587},"red",[44,13711,633],{"class":583},[44,13713,66],{"class":58},[44,13715,643],{"class":583},[44,13717,130],{"class":587},[44,13719,633],{"class":583},[44,13721,1598],{"class":58},[44,13723,643],{"class":583},[44,13725,13726],{"class":587},"blue",[44,13728,633],{"class":583},[44,13730,82],{"class":58},[44,13732,13733,13736,13738,13741,13743,13745],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13734,13735],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,13737,55],{"class":54},[44,13739,13740],{"class":50}," colors",[44,13742,120],{"class":58},[44,13744,13528],{"class":123},[44,13746,571],{"class":58},[44,13748,13749],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13750,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13752,13753,13755,13757,13760],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,13754,140],{"class":139},[44,13756,127],{"class":58},[44,13758,13759],{"class":123},"new_colors",[44,13761,133],{"class":58},[20,13763,13764],{},[197,13765,150],{},[35,13767,13769],{"className":37,"code":13768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13770,13771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13772,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13774,160],{"class":58},[44,13776,590],{"class":583},[44,13778,176],{"class":587},[44,13780,590],{"class":583},[44,13782,1598],{"class":58},[44,13784,584],{"class":583},[44,13786,13709],{"class":587},[44,13788,590],{"class":583},[44,13790,66],{"class":58},[44,13792,584],{"class":583},[44,13794,130],{"class":587},[44,13796,590],{"class":583},[44,13798,1598],{"class":58},[44,13800,584],{"class":583},[44,13802,13726],{"class":587},[44,13804,590],{"class":583},[44,13806,82],{"class":58},[30,13808,613],{"id":612},[20,13810,13811],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13813,13815],{"className":37,"code":13814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13816,13817,13855,13871,13875,13897,13901,13920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13818,13819,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13820,13821],{"class":50},"person ",[44,13823,55],{"class":54},[44,13825,59],{"class":58},[44,13827,633],{"class":583},[44,13829,8287],{"class":587},[44,13831,633],{"class":583},[44,13833,1598],{"class":58},[44,13835,643],{"class":583},[44,13837,13838],{"class":587},"Liam",[44,13840,633],{"class":583},[44,13842,66],{"class":58},[44,13844,643],{"class":583},[44,13846,9921],{"class":587},[44,13848,633],{"class":583},[44,13850,1598],{"class":58},[44,13852,9928],{"class":62},[44,13854,82],{"class":58},[44,13856,13857,13860,13862,13865,13867,13869],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13858,13859],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13861,55],{"class":54},[44,13863,13864],{"class":50}," person",[44,13866,120],{"class":58},[44,13868,13528],{"class":123},[44,13870,571],{"class":58},[44,13872,13873],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,13874,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13876,13877,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13891,13894],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,13878,13879],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13881,4521],{"class":58},[44,13883,633],{"class":583},[44,13885,9921],{"class":587},[44,13887,633],{"class":583},[44,13889,13890],{"class":58},"]",[44,13892,13893],{"class":54}," =",[44,13895,13896],{"class":62}," 26\n",[44,13898,13899],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,13900,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,13902,13903,13905,13907,13909,13912,13914,13916,13918],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,13904,140],{"class":139},[44,13906,127],{"class":58},[44,13908,633],{"class":583},[44,13910,13911],{"class":587},"Original:",[44,13913,633],{"class":583},[44,13915,66],{"class":58},[44,13917,13864],{"class":123},[44,13919,133],{"class":58},[44,13921,13922,13924,13926,13928,13931,13933,13935,13938],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,13923,140],{"class":139},[44,13925,127],{"class":58},[44,13927,633],{"class":583},[44,13929,13930],{"class":587},"Copy:",[44,13932,633],{"class":583},[44,13934,66],{"class":58},[44,13936,13937],{"class":123}," person_copy",[44,13939,133],{"class":58},[20,13941,13942],{},[197,13943,150],{},[35,13945,13947],{"className":37,"code":13946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13948,13949,13986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13950,13951,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13952,13953],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13955,1598],{"class":58},[44,13957,59],{"class":58},[44,13959,590],{"class":583},[44,13961,8287],{"class":587},[44,13963,590],{"class":583},[44,13965,1598],{"class":58},[44,13967,584],{"class":583},[44,13969,13838],{"class":587},[44,13971,590],{"class":583},[44,13973,66],{"class":58},[44,13975,584],{"class":583},[44,13977,9921],{"class":587},[44,13979,590],{"class":583},[44,13981,1598],{"class":58},[44,13983,9928],{"class":62},[44,13985,82],{"class":58},[44,13987,13988,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14022],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,13989,13990],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13992,1598],{"class":58},[44,13994,59],{"class":58},[44,13996,590],{"class":583},[44,13998,8287],{"class":587},[44,14000,590],{"class":583},[44,14002,1598],{"class":58},[44,14004,584],{"class":583},[44,14006,13838],{"class":587},[44,14008,590],{"class":583},[44,14010,66],{"class":58},[44,14012,584],{"class":583},[44,14014,9921],{"class":587},[44,14016,590],{"class":583},[44,14018,1598],{"class":58},[44,14020,14021],{"class":62}," 26",[44,14023,82],{"class":58},[20,14025,14026],{},"What happened here:",[205,14028,14029,14035,14042],{},[208,14030,14031,14034],{},[15,14032,14033],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[208,14036,14037,14038,14041],{},"Changing ",[15,14039,14040],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[208,14043,14044],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14046,14047],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,14049,14051],{"id":14050},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14053,14054,13464,14056,120],{},[15,14055,13393],{},[197,14057,13467],{},[20,14059,2735],{},[205,14061,14062,14065,14068],{},[208,14063,14064],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[208,14066,14067],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[208,14069,14070],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14072,295],{},[35,14074,14076],{"className":37,"code":14075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14077,14078,14086,14104,14127,14131,14135,14149,14153,14178,14182,14200,14219,14234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14079,14080,14082,14084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14081,13480],{"class":50},[44,14083,55],{"class":54},[44,14085,12109],{"class":58},[44,14087,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14089,12114],{"class":583},[44,14091,8287],{"class":587},[44,14093,633],{"class":583},[44,14095,1598],{"class":58},[44,14097,643],{"class":583},[44,14099,13497],{"class":587},[44,14101,633],{"class":583},[44,14103,12130],{"class":58},[44,14105,14106,14108,14111,14113,14115,14117,14120,14122,14125],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14107,12114],{"class":583},[44,14109,14110],{"class":587},"grades",[44,14112,633],{"class":583},[44,14114,1598],{"class":58},[44,14116,1954],{"class":58},[44,14118,14119],{"class":62},"90",[44,14121,66],{"class":58},[44,14123,14124],{"class":62}," 85",[44,14126,1967],{"class":58},[44,14128,14129],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,14130,82],{"class":58},[44,14132,14133],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,14134,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,14138,13518],{"class":50},[44,14140,55],{"class":54},[44,14142,13523],{"class":50},[44,14144,120],{"class":58},[44,14146,13528],{"class":123},[44,14148,571],{"class":58},[44,14150,14151],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,14152,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14154,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14168,14171,14173,14176],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,14156,13543],{"class":50},[44,14158,4521],{"class":58},[44,14160,633],{"class":583},[44,14162,14110],{"class":587},[44,14164,633],{"class":583},[44,14166,14167],{"class":58},"].",[44,14169,14170],{"class":123},"append",[44,14172,127],{"class":58},[44,14174,14175],{"class":62},"100",[44,14177,133],{"class":58},[44,14179,14180],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,14181,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14183,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,14185,140],{"class":139},[44,14187,127],{"class":58},[44,14189,633],{"class":583},[44,14191,13911],{"class":587},[44,14193,633],{"class":583},[44,14195,66],{"class":58},[44,14197,13523],{"class":123},[44,14199,133],{"class":58},[44,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14217],{"class":46,"line":12211},[44,14203,140],{"class":139},[44,14205,127],{"class":58},[44,14207,633],{"class":583},[44,14209,13930],{"class":587},[44,14211,633],{"class":583},[44,14213,66],{"class":58},[44,14215,14216],{"class":123}," student_copy",[44,14218,133],{"class":58},[44,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232],{"class":46,"line":14221},12,[44,14223,140],{"class":139},[44,14225,127],{"class":58},[44,14227,13480],{"class":123},[44,14229,12810],{"class":4496},[44,14231,14216],{"class":123},[44,14233,133],{"class":58},[44,14235,14237,14239,14241,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266],{"class":46,"line":14236},13,[44,14238,140],{"class":139},[44,14240,127],{"class":58},[44,14242,14243],{"class":123},"student",[44,14245,4521],{"class":58},[44,14247,633],{"class":583},[44,14249,14110],{"class":587},[44,14251,633],{"class":583},[44,14253,13890],{"class":58},[44,14255,8718],{"class":4496},[44,14257,14216],{"class":123},[44,14259,4521],{"class":58},[44,14261,633],{"class":583},[44,14263,14110],{"class":587},[44,14265,633],{"class":583},[44,14267,4509],{"class":58},[20,14269,14270],{},[197,14271,150],{},[35,14273,14275],{"className":37,"code":14274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14276,14277,14324,14370,14374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14278,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14280,13953],{"class":50},[44,14282,1598],{"class":58},[44,14284,59],{"class":58},[44,14286,590],{"class":583},[44,14288,8287],{"class":587},[44,14290,590],{"class":583},[44,14292,1598],{"class":58},[44,14294,584],{"class":583},[44,14296,13497],{"class":587},[44,14298,590],{"class":583},[44,14300,66],{"class":58},[44,14302,584],{"class":583},[44,14304,14110],{"class":587},[44,14306,590],{"class":583},[44,14308,1598],{"class":58},[44,14310,1954],{"class":58},[44,14312,14119],{"class":62},[44,14314,66],{"class":58},[44,14316,14124],{"class":62},[44,14318,66],{"class":58},[44,14320,10738],{"class":62},[44,14322,14323],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,14325,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14327,13990],{"class":50},[44,14329,1598],{"class":58},[44,14331,59],{"class":58},[44,14333,590],{"class":583},[44,14335,8287],{"class":587},[44,14337,590],{"class":583},[44,14339,1598],{"class":58},[44,14341,584],{"class":583},[44,14343,13497],{"class":587},[44,14345,590],{"class":583},[44,14347,66],{"class":58},[44,14349,584],{"class":583},[44,14351,14110],{"class":587},[44,14353,590],{"class":583},[44,14355,1598],{"class":58},[44,14357,1954],{"class":58},[44,14359,14119],{"class":62},[44,14361,66],{"class":58},[44,14363,14124],{"class":62},[44,14365,66],{"class":58},[44,14367,10738],{"class":62},[44,14369,14323],{"class":58},[44,14371,14372],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14373,4662],{"class":4471},[44,14375,14376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,14377,4601],{"class":4471},[20,14379,14380],{},"Notice the difference:",[205,14382,14383,14391],{},[208,14384,14385,5400,14388,14390],{},[15,14386,14387],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14389,4294],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[208,14392,14393,5400,14396,14398],{},[15,14394,14395],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14397,4226],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14400,14401],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14403,14404,14405,120],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[176,14406,14408],{"href":14407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,14410,5578,14412],{"id":14411},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14413,13393],{},[20,14415,1296,14416,11220],{},[15,14417,13393],{},[205,14419,14420,14423,14426,14429],{},[208,14421,14422],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[208,14424,14425],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[208,14427,14428],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[208,14430,14431],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14433,295],{},[35,14435,14437],{"className":37,"code":14436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14438,14439,14478,14494,14498,14518,14522,14541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14440,14441,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14469,14471,14473,14476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14442,14443],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,14445,55],{"class":54},[44,14447,59],{"class":58},[44,14449,633],{"class":583},[44,14451,13111],{"class":587},[44,14453,633],{"class":583},[44,14455,1598],{"class":58},[44,14457,643],{"class":583},[44,14459,13120],{"class":587},[44,14461,633],{"class":583},[44,14463,66],{"class":58},[44,14465,643],{"class":583},[44,14467,14468],{"class":587},"font_size",[44,14470,633],{"class":583},[44,14472,1598],{"class":58},[44,14474,14475],{"class":62}," 14",[44,14477,82],{"class":58},[44,14479,14480,14483,14485,14488,14490,14492],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14481,14482],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,14484,55],{"class":54},[44,14486,14487],{"class":50}," settings",[44,14489,120],{"class":58},[44,14491,13528],{"class":123},[44,14493,571],{"class":58},[44,14495,14496],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14497,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14499,14500,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,14501,14502],{"class":50},"settings",[44,14504,4521],{"class":58},[44,14506,633],{"class":583},[44,14508,14468],{"class":587},[44,14510,633],{"class":583},[44,14512,13890],{"class":58},[44,14514,13893],{"class":54},[44,14516,14517],{"class":62}," 16\n",[44,14519,14520],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,14521,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14523,14524,14526,14528,14530,14533,14535,14537,14539],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,14525,140],{"class":139},[44,14527,127],{"class":58},[44,14529,633],{"class":583},[44,14531,14532],{"class":587},"Current:",[44,14534,633],{"class":583},[44,14536,66],{"class":58},[44,14538,14487],{"class":123},[44,14540,133],{"class":58},[44,14542,14543,14545,14547,14549,14552,14554,14556,14559],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,14544,140],{"class":139},[44,14546,127],{"class":58},[44,14548,633],{"class":583},[44,14550,14551],{"class":587},"Backup:",[44,14553,633],{"class":583},[44,14555,66],{"class":58},[44,14557,14558],{"class":123}," settings_backup",[44,14560,133],{"class":58},[20,14562,14563],{},[197,14564,150],{},[35,14566,14568],{"className":37,"code":14567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14569,14570,14608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14571,14572,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14573,14574],{"class":50},"Current",[44,14576,1598],{"class":58},[44,14578,59],{"class":58},[44,14580,590],{"class":583},[44,14582,13111],{"class":587},[44,14584,590],{"class":583},[44,14586,1598],{"class":58},[44,14588,584],{"class":583},[44,14590,13120],{"class":587},[44,14592,590],{"class":583},[44,14594,66],{"class":58},[44,14596,584],{"class":583},[44,14598,14468],{"class":587},[44,14600,590],{"class":583},[44,14602,1598],{"class":58},[44,14604,14605],{"class":62}," 16",[44,14607,82],{"class":58},[44,14609,14610,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14611,14612],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,14614,1598],{"class":58},[44,14616,59],{"class":58},[44,14618,590],{"class":583},[44,14620,13111],{"class":587},[44,14622,590],{"class":583},[44,14624,1598],{"class":58},[44,14626,584],{"class":583},[44,14628,13120],{"class":587},[44,14630,590],{"class":583},[44,14632,66],{"class":58},[44,14634,584],{"class":583},[44,14636,14468],{"class":587},[44,14638,590],{"class":583},[44,14640,1598],{"class":58},[44,14642,14475],{"class":62},[44,14644,82],{"class":58},[20,14646,14647,14648,428,14654,120],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[176,14649,14651],{"href":14650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14652,14653],{},"dict.update()",[176,14655,14656],{"href":13440},[15,14657,11944],{},[30,14659,14661,14663],{"id":14660},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14662,13393],{}," vs assignment",[20,14665,14666],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14668,863,14669,14671,14672,14674],{},[15,14670,55],{}," does ",[197,14673,199],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1044,14676,14678],{"id":14677},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,14680,14682],{"className":37,"code":14681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14683,14684,14716,14725,14729,14749,14753,14771,14791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14685,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14687,12702],{"class":50},[44,14689,55],{"class":54},[44,14691,59],{"class":58},[44,14693,633],{"class":583},[44,14695,2801],{"class":587},[44,14697,633],{"class":583},[44,14699,1598],{"class":58},[44,14701,2212],{"class":62},[44,14703,66],{"class":58},[44,14705,643],{"class":583},[44,14707,12361],{"class":587},[44,14709,633],{"class":583},[44,14711,1598],{"class":58},[44,14713,69],{"class":62},[44,14715,82],{"class":58},[44,14717,14718,14721,14723],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14719,14720],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,14722,55],{"class":54},[44,14724,12740],{"class":50},[44,14726,14727],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14728,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14730,14731,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,14732,14733],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,14735,4521],{"class":58},[44,14737,633],{"class":583},[44,14739,2801],{"class":587},[44,14741,633],{"class":583},[44,14743,13890],{"class":58},[44,14745,13893],{"class":54},[44,14747,14748],{"class":62}," 99\n",[44,14750,14751],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,14752,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14754,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,14756,140],{"class":139},[44,14758,127],{"class":58},[44,14760,633],{"class":583},[44,14762,13911],{"class":587},[44,14764,633],{"class":583},[44,14766,66],{"class":58},[44,14768,12777],{"class":123},[44,14770,133],{"class":58},[44,14772,14773,14775,14777,14779,14782,14784,14786,14789],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,14774,140],{"class":139},[44,14776,127],{"class":58},[44,14778,633],{"class":583},[44,14780,14781],{"class":587},"Assigned:",[44,14783,633],{"class":583},[44,14785,66],{"class":58},[44,14787,14788],{"class":123}," assigned",[44,14790,133],{"class":58},[44,14792,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,14794,140],{"class":139},[44,14796,127],{"class":58},[44,14798,12702],{"class":123},[44,14800,12810],{"class":4496},[44,14802,14788],{"class":123},[44,14804,133],{"class":58},[20,14806,14807],{},[197,14808,150],{},[35,14810,14812],{"className":37,"code":14811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14813,14814,14846,14879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14815,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14817,13953],{"class":50},[44,14819,1598],{"class":58},[44,14821,59],{"class":58},[44,14823,590],{"class":583},[44,14825,2801],{"class":587},[44,14827,590],{"class":583},[44,14829,1598],{"class":58},[44,14831,10817],{"class":62},[44,14833,66],{"class":58},[44,14835,584],{"class":583},[44,14837,12361],{"class":587},[44,14839,590],{"class":583},[44,14841,1598],{"class":58},[44,14843,69],{"class":62},[44,14845,82],{"class":58},[44,14847,14848,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14849,14850],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14852,1598],{"class":58},[44,14854,59],{"class":58},[44,14856,590],{"class":583},[44,14858,2801],{"class":587},[44,14860,590],{"class":583},[44,14862,1598],{"class":58},[44,14864,10817],{"class":62},[44,14866,66],{"class":58},[44,14868,584],{"class":583},[44,14870,12361],{"class":587},[44,14872,590],{"class":583},[44,14874,1598],{"class":58},[44,14876,69],{"class":62},[44,14878,82],{"class":58},[44,14880,14881],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14882,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,14884,863,14886],{"id":14885},"using-copy",[15,14887,13393],{},[35,14889,14891],{"className":37,"code":14890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14892,14893,14925,14940,14944,14963,14967,14985,15005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14894,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14896,12702],{"class":50},[44,14898,55],{"class":54},[44,14900,59],{"class":58},[44,14902,633],{"class":583},[44,14904,2801],{"class":587},[44,14906,633],{"class":583},[44,14908,1598],{"class":58},[44,14910,2212],{"class":62},[44,14912,66],{"class":58},[44,14914,643],{"class":583},[44,14916,12361],{"class":587},[44,14918,633],{"class":583},[44,14920,1598],{"class":58},[44,14922,69],{"class":62},[44,14924,82],{"class":58},[44,14926,14927,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,14928,14929],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14931,55],{"class":54},[44,14933,12777],{"class":50},[44,14935,120],{"class":58},[44,14937,13528],{"class":123},[44,14939,571],{"class":58},[44,14941,14942],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,14943,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14945,14946,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,14947,14948],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14950,4521],{"class":58},[44,14952,633],{"class":583},[44,14954,2801],{"class":587},[44,14956,633],{"class":583},[44,14958,13890],{"class":58},[44,14960,13893],{"class":54},[44,14962,14748],{"class":62},[44,14964,14965],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,14966,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,14968,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,14970,140],{"class":139},[44,14972,127],{"class":58},[44,14974,633],{"class":583},[44,14976,13911],{"class":587},[44,14978,633],{"class":583},[44,14980,66],{"class":58},[44,14982,12777],{"class":123},[44,14984,133],{"class":58},[44,14986,14987,14989,14991,14993,14996,14998,15000,15003],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,14988,140],{"class":139},[44,14990,127],{"class":58},[44,14992,633],{"class":583},[44,14994,14995],{"class":587},"Copied:",[44,14997,633],{"class":583},[44,14999,66],{"class":58},[44,15001,15002],{"class":123}," copied",[44,15004,133],{"class":58},[44,15006,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,15008,140],{"class":139},[44,15010,127],{"class":58},[44,15012,12702],{"class":123},[44,15014,12810],{"class":4496},[44,15016,15002],{"class":123},[44,15018,133],{"class":58},[20,15020,15021],{},[197,15022,150],{},[35,15024,15026],{"className":37,"code":15025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15027,15028,15060,15093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15029,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15031,13953],{"class":50},[44,15033,1598],{"class":58},[44,15035,59],{"class":58},[44,15037,590],{"class":583},[44,15039,2801],{"class":587},[44,15041,590],{"class":583},[44,15043,1598],{"class":58},[44,15045,2212],{"class":62},[44,15047,66],{"class":58},[44,15049,584],{"class":583},[44,15051,12361],{"class":587},[44,15053,590],{"class":583},[44,15055,1598],{"class":58},[44,15057,69],{"class":62},[44,15059,82],{"class":58},[44,15061,15062,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15063,15064],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,15066,1598],{"class":58},[44,15068,59],{"class":58},[44,15070,590],{"class":583},[44,15072,2801],{"class":587},[44,15074,590],{"class":583},[44,15076,1598],{"class":58},[44,15078,10817],{"class":62},[44,15080,66],{"class":58},[44,15082,584],{"class":583},[44,15084,12361],{"class":587},[44,15086,590],{"class":583},[44,15088,1598],{"class":58},[44,15090,69],{"class":62},[44,15092,82],{"class":58},[44,15094,15095],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15096,4662],{"class":4471},[20,15098,15099],{},"Summary:",[205,15101,15102,15108],{},[208,15103,15104,15107],{},[15,15105,15106],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[208,15109,15110,15113],{},[15,15111,15112],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,15115,15117],{"id":15116},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15119,15120,1598],{},[15,15121,13393],{},[205,15123,15124,15127,15130,15133],{},[208,15125,15126],{},"Returns a dictionary",[208,15128,15129],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[208,15131,15132],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[208,15134,15135],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15137,295],{},[35,15139,15141],{"className":37,"code":15140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15142,15143,15175,15191,15195,15213,15233,15237,15255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15144,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15146,9788],{"class":50},[44,15148,55],{"class":54},[44,15150,59],{"class":58},[44,15152,633],{"class":583},[44,15154,176],{"class":587},[44,15156,633],{"class":583},[44,15158,1598],{"class":58},[44,15160,2212],{"class":62},[44,15162,66],{"class":58},[44,15164,643],{"class":583},[44,15166,130],{"class":587},[44,15168,633],{"class":583},[44,15170,1598],{"class":58},[44,15172,69],{"class":62},[44,15174,82],{"class":58},[44,15176,15177,15180,15182,15185,15187,15189],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15178,15179],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,15181,55],{"class":54},[44,15183,15184],{"class":50}," data",[44,15186,120],{"class":58},[44,15188,13528],{"class":123},[44,15190,571],{"class":58},[44,15192,15193],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15194,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,15196,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205,15207,15209,15211],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,15198,9827],{"class":50},[44,15200,4521],{"class":58},[44,15202,633],{"class":583},[44,15204,176],{"class":587},[44,15206,633],{"class":583},[44,15208,13890],{"class":58},[44,15210,13893],{"class":54},[44,15212,3211],{"class":62},[44,15214,15215,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,15216,15217],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,15219,4521],{"class":58},[44,15221,633],{"class":583},[44,15223,130],{"class":587},[44,15225,633],{"class":583},[44,15227,13890],{"class":58},[44,15229,13893],{"class":54},[44,15231,15232],{"class":62}," 20\n",[44,15234,15235],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,15236,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,15238,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,15240,140],{"class":139},[44,15242,127],{"class":58},[44,15244,633],{"class":583},[44,15246,13911],{"class":587},[44,15248,633],{"class":583},[44,15250,66],{"class":58},[44,15252,15184],{"class":123},[44,15254,133],{"class":58},[44,15256,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15272],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,15258,140],{"class":139},[44,15260,127],{"class":58},[44,15262,633],{"class":583},[44,15264,13930],{"class":587},[44,15266,633],{"class":583},[44,15268,66],{"class":58},[44,15270,15271],{"class":123}," data_copy",[44,15273,133],{"class":58},[20,15275,15276],{},[197,15277,150],{},[35,15279,15281],{"className":37,"code":15280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15282,15283,15315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15284,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15286,13953],{"class":50},[44,15288,1598],{"class":58},[44,15290,59],{"class":58},[44,15292,590],{"class":583},[44,15294,176],{"class":587},[44,15296,590],{"class":583},[44,15298,1598],{"class":58},[44,15300,6622],{"class":62},[44,15302,66],{"class":58},[44,15304,584],{"class":583},[44,15306,130],{"class":587},[44,15308,590],{"class":583},[44,15310,1598],{"class":58},[44,15312,69],{"class":62},[44,15314,82],{"class":58},[44,15316,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15318,13990],{"class":50},[44,15320,1598],{"class":58},[44,15322,59],{"class":58},[44,15324,590],{"class":583},[44,15326,176],{"class":587},[44,15328,590],{"class":583},[44,15330,1598],{"class":58},[44,15332,2212],{"class":62},[44,15334,66],{"class":58},[44,15336,584],{"class":583},[44,15338,130],{"class":587},[44,15340,590],{"class":583},[44,15342,1598],{"class":58},[44,15344,8410],{"class":62},[44,15346,82],{"class":58},[30,15348,3454],{"id":3453},[20,15350,15351,15352,1598],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15353,13051],{},[205,15355,15356,15363,15368,15373],{},[208,15357,863,15358,11711,15360,15362],{},[15,15359,55],{},[15,15361,13393],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[208,15364,5198,15365,15367],{},[15,15366,13393],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[208,15369,15370,15371],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15372,13393],{},[208,15374,15375],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15377,15378],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,15380,15382],{"className":37,"code":15381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15383,15384,15394,15404,15418,15441,15464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15385,15386,15388,15390,15392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15387,140],{"class":139},[44,15389,127],{"class":58},[44,15391,12749],{"class":123},[44,15393,133],{"class":58},[44,15395,15396,15398,15400,15402],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15397,140],{"class":139},[44,15399,127],{"class":58},[44,15401,14948],{"class":123},[44,15403,133],{"class":58},[44,15405,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15407,140],{"class":139},[44,15409,127],{"class":58},[44,15411,12702],{"class":123},[44,15413,12810],{"class":4496},[44,15415,15002],{"class":123},[44,15417,133],{"class":58},[44,15419,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15435,15437,15439],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,15421,140],{"class":139},[44,15423,127],{"class":58},[44,15425,13266],{"class":139},[44,15427,127],{"class":58},[44,15429,12749],{"class":123},[44,15431,9856],{"class":58},[44,15433,15434],{"class":139}," id",[44,15436,127],{"class":58},[44,15438,14948],{"class":123},[44,15440,556],{"class":58},[44,15442,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15460,15462],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,15444,140],{"class":139},[44,15446,127],{"class":58},[44,15448,13266],{"class":139},[44,15450,127],{"class":58},[44,15452,12749],{"class":123},[44,15454,4521],{"class":58},[44,15456,633],{"class":583},[44,15458,15459],{"class":587},"key",[44,15461,633],{"class":583},[44,15463,3622],{"class":58},[44,15465,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,15467,140],{"class":139},[44,15469,127],{"class":58},[44,15471,13266],{"class":139},[44,15473,127],{"class":58},[44,15475,14948],{"class":123},[44,15477,4521],{"class":58},[44,15479,633],{"class":583},[44,15481,15459],{"class":587},[44,15483,633],{"class":583},[44,15485,3622],{"class":58},[20,15487,15488],{},"What these help you check:",[205,15490,15491,15494,15497],{},[208,15492,15493],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[208,15495,15496],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[208,15498,15499],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15501,15502,15503,120],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[176,15504,15506],{"href":15505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,15508,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,15510,2482,15512,15514],{"id":15511},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15513,13051],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15516,15517],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1044,15519,15521,15522,15524],{"id":15520},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15523,13051],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15526,15527],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1044,15529,2492,15531,2495,15533,1447],{"id":15530},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15532,13393],{},[15,15534,55],{},[20,15536,15537,15539,15540,15542],{},[15,15538,13393],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15541,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1044,15544,15546],{"id":15545},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15548,15549],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,15551,2528],{"id":2527},[205,15553,15554,15558,15562,15566,15573,15579],{},[208,15555,15556],{},[176,15557,11860],{"href":13643},[208,15559,15560],{},[176,15561,9778],{"href":13640},[208,15563,15564],{},[176,15565,14408],{"href":14407},[208,15567,15568],{},[176,15569,11356,15570,2544],{"href":14650},[15,15571,15572],{},"update()",[208,15574,15575],{},[176,15576,11356,15577,2544],{"href":13440},[15,15578,11939],{},[208,15580,15581],{},[176,15582,15583],{"href":15505},"How to copy a list in Python",[2554,15585,15586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":15588},[15589,15590,15592,15593,15594,15595,15597,15603,15604,15605,15614],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":13612,"depth":85,"text":15591},"What the copy() method does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":14050,"depth":85,"text":14051},{"id":14411,"depth":85,"text":15596},"When to use copy()",{"id":14660,"depth":85,"text":15598,"children":15599},"copy() vs assignment",[15600,15601],{"id":14677,"depth":109,"text":14678},{"id":14885,"depth":109,"text":15602},"Using copy()",{"id":15116,"depth":85,"text":15117},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":15606},[15607,15609,15611,15613],{"id":15511,"depth":109,"text":15608},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15520,"depth":109,"text":15610},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15530,"depth":109,"text":15612},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15545,"depth":109,"text":15546},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13446,"description":15615},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15622,"title":15623,"body":15624,"description":17822,"extension":2593,"meta":17823,"navigation":364,"path":13643,"seo":17824,"stem":17825,"__hash__":17826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15625,"toc":17784},[15626,15629,15635,15644,15646,15722,15726,15775,15778,15782,15796,15799,15803,15816,15819,15852,15866,15869,15881,15885,15888,15896,15976,15980,16033,16037,16055,16057,16139,16142,16144,16147,16150,16173,16197,16201,16209,16212,16216,16225,16230,16287,16291,16324,16330,16336,16339,16394,16398,16448,16451,16457,16460,16468,16470,16515,16520,16529,16532,16535,16582,16584,16589,16592,16686,16690,16743,16746,16802,16805,16809,16812,16826,16830,16896,16900,16925,16928,16932,17010,17014,17017,17020,17040,17043,17096,17100,17103,17106,17119,17121,17210,17217,17220,17231,17233,17236,17256,17260,17263,17272,17275,17314,17318,17320,17329,17338,17340,17378,17382,17429,17433,17454,17458,17461,17573,17578,17676,17698,17700,17704,17711,17715,17721,17725,17728,17732,17735,17742,17750,17752,17778,17781],[10,15627,15623],{"id":15628},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15630,15631,15632,15634],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[197,15633,9754],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15636,15637,15638,428,15640,120],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[176,15639,9778],{"href":9777},[176,15641,15643],{"href":15642},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,15645,2634],{"id":2633},[35,15647,15649],{"className":37,"code":15648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15650,15651,15659,15677,15691,15704,15708,15712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15652,15653,15655,15657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15654,13480],{"class":50},[44,15656,55],{"class":54},[44,15658,12109],{"class":58},[44,15660,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15662,12114],{"class":583},[44,15664,8287],{"class":587},[44,15666,633],{"class":583},[44,15668,1598],{"class":58},[44,15670,643],{"class":583},[44,15672,13497],{"class":587},[44,15674,633],{"class":583},[44,15676,12130],{"class":58},[44,15678,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15680,12114],{"class":583},[44,15682,9921],{"class":587},[44,15684,633],{"class":583},[44,15686,1598],{"class":58},[44,15688,8410],{"class":62},[44,15690,12130],{"class":58},[44,15692,15693,15695,15698,15700,15702],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,15694,12114],{"class":583},[44,15696,15697],{"class":587},"is_active",[44,15699,633],{"class":583},[44,15701,1598],{"class":58},[44,15703,7040],{"class":4471},[44,15705,15706],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,15707,82],{"class":58},[44,15709,15710],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,15711,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,15713,15714,15716,15718,15720],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,15715,140],{"class":139},[44,15717,127],{"class":58},[44,15719,14243],{"class":123},[44,15721,133],{"class":58},[20,15723,15724],{},[197,15725,150],{},[35,15727,15729],{"className":37,"code":15728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15730,15731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15732,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15734,160],{"class":58},[44,15736,590],{"class":583},[44,15738,8287],{"class":587},[44,15740,590],{"class":583},[44,15742,1598],{"class":58},[44,15744,584],{"class":583},[44,15746,13497],{"class":587},[44,15748,590],{"class":583},[44,15750,66],{"class":58},[44,15752,584],{"class":583},[44,15754,9921],{"class":587},[44,15756,590],{"class":583},[44,15758,1598],{"class":58},[44,15760,8410],{"class":62},[44,15762,66],{"class":58},[44,15764,584],{"class":583},[44,15766,15697],{"class":587},[44,15768,590],{"class":583},[44,15770,1598],{"class":58},[44,15772,4537],{"class":4471},[44,15774,82],{"class":58},[20,15776,15777],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,15779,15781],{"id":15780},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[205,15783,15784,15787,15790,15793],{},[208,15785,15786],{},"What a dictionary is",[208,15788,15789],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[208,15791,15792],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[208,15794,15795],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15797,15786],{"id":15798},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15800,9751,15801,120],{},[197,15802,9754],{},[205,15804,15805,15811],{},[208,15806,15807,15808,15810],{},"A ",[197,15809,15459],{}," is the label",[208,15812,15807,15813,15815],{},[197,15814,3100],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15817,15818],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15820,15822],{"className":37,"code":15821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15823,15824,15832,15848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15825,15826,15828,15830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15827,13480],{"class":50},[44,15829,55],{"class":54},[44,15831,12109],{"class":58},[44,15833,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15835,12114],{"class":583},[44,15837,8287],{"class":587},[44,15839,633],{"class":583},[44,15841,1598],{"class":58},[44,15843,643],{"class":583},[44,15845,13497],{"class":587},[44,15847,3979],{"class":583},[44,15849,15850],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15851,82],{"class":58},[205,15853,15854,15860],{},[208,15855,15856,15859],{},[15,15857,15858],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[208,15861,15862,15865],{},[15,15863,15864],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15867,15868],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[205,15870,15871,15873,15875,15878],{},[208,15872,8287],{},[208,15874,9921],{},[208,15876,15877],{},"email",[208,15879,15880],{},"country",[30,15882,15884],{"id":15883},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15886,15887],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15889,1296,15890,15892,15893,120],{},[15,15891,603],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15894,15895],{},"key: value",[35,15897,15899],{"className":37,"code":15898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15900,15901,15909,15927,15941,15958,15962,15966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15902,15903,15905,15907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15904,13480],{"class":50},[44,15906,55],{"class":54},[44,15908,12109],{"class":58},[44,15910,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,15912,12114],{"class":583},[44,15914,8287],{"class":587},[44,15916,633],{"class":583},[44,15918,1598],{"class":58},[44,15920,643],{"class":583},[44,15922,13497],{"class":587},[44,15924,633],{"class":583},[44,15926,12130],{"class":58},[44,15928,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,15930,12114],{"class":583},[44,15932,9921],{"class":587},[44,15934,633],{"class":583},[44,15936,1598],{"class":58},[44,15938,8410],{"class":62},[44,15940,12130],{"class":58},[44,15942,15943,15945,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,15944,12114],{"class":583},[44,15946,15947],{"class":587},"course",[44,15949,633],{"class":583},[44,15951,1598],{"class":58},[44,15953,643],{"class":583},[44,15955,7915],{"class":587},[44,15957,3979],{"class":583},[44,15959,15960],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,15961,82],{"class":58},[44,15963,15964],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,15965,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,15967,15968,15970,15972,15974],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,15969,140],{"class":139},[44,15971,127],{"class":58},[44,15973,14243],{"class":123},[44,15975,133],{"class":58},[20,15977,15978],{},[197,15979,150],{},[35,15981,15983],{"className":37,"code":15982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15984,15985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15986,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15988,160],{"class":58},[44,15990,590],{"class":583},[44,15992,8287],{"class":587},[44,15994,590],{"class":583},[44,15996,1598],{"class":58},[44,15998,584],{"class":583},[44,16000,13497],{"class":587},[44,16002,590],{"class":583},[44,16004,66],{"class":58},[44,16006,584],{"class":583},[44,16008,9921],{"class":587},[44,16010,590],{"class":583},[44,16012,1598],{"class":58},[44,16014,8410],{"class":62},[44,16016,66],{"class":58},[44,16018,584],{"class":583},[44,16020,15947],{"class":587},[44,16022,590],{"class":583},[44,16024,1598],{"class":58},[44,16026,584],{"class":583},[44,16028,7915],{"class":587},[44,16030,590],{"class":583},[44,16032,82],{"class":58},[1044,16034,16036],{"id":16035},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[205,16038,16039,16044,16049,16052],{},[208,16040,1296,16041,16043],{},[15,16042,603],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[208,16045,16046,16047],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16048,15895],{},[208,16050,16051],{},"Separate items with commas",[208,16053,16054],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16056,295],{},[35,16058,16060],{"className":37,"code":16059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16061,16062,16071,16091,16107,16120,16124,16128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16063,16064,16067,16069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16065,16066],{"class":50},"book ",[44,16068,55],{"class":54},[44,16070,12109],{"class":58},[44,16072,16073,16075,16078,16080,16082,16084,16087,16089],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16074,12114],{"class":583},[44,16076,16077],{"class":587},"title",[44,16079,633],{"class":583},[44,16081,1598],{"class":58},[44,16083,643],{"class":583},[44,16085,16086],{"class":587},"Python Basics",[44,16088,633],{"class":583},[44,16090,12130],{"class":58},[44,16092,16093,16095,16098,16100,16102,16105],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16094,12114],{"class":583},[44,16096,16097],{"class":587},"pages",[44,16099,633],{"class":583},[44,16101,1598],{"class":58},[44,16103,16104],{"class":62}," 150",[44,16106,12130],{"class":58},[44,16108,16109,16111,16114,16116,16118],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16110,12114],{"class":583},[44,16112,16113],{"class":587},"available",[44,16115,633],{"class":583},[44,16117,1598],{"class":58},[44,16119,7040],{"class":4471},[44,16121,16122],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16123,82],{"class":58},[44,16125,16126],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,16127,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16129,16130,16132,16134,16137],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,16131,140],{"class":139},[44,16133,127],{"class":58},[44,16135,16136],{"class":123},"book",[44,16138,133],{"class":58},[20,16140,16141],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,16143,10024],{"id":10023},[20,16145,16146],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16148,16149],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,16151,16153],{"className":37,"code":16152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16154,16155,16163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16156,16157,16159,16161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16158,9788],{"class":50},[44,16160,55],{"class":54},[44,16162,10458],{"class":58},[44,16164,16165,16167,16169,16171],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16166,140],{"class":139},[44,16168,127],{"class":58},[44,16170,9827],{"class":123},[44,16172,133],{"class":58},[35,16174,16175],{"className":37,"code":10027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16176,16177,16187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16178,16179,16181,16183,16185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16180,9788],{"class":50},[44,16182,55],{"class":54},[44,16184,9793],{"class":548},[44,16186,571],{"class":58},[44,16188,16189,16191,16193,16195],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16190,140],{"class":139},[44,16192,127],{"class":58},[44,16194,9827],{"class":123},[44,16196,133],{"class":58},[20,16198,16199],{},[197,16200,150],{},[35,16202,16203],{"className":37,"code":10056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16204,16205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16206,16207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16208,10056],{"class":58},[20,16210,16211],{},"Both are correct.",[1044,16213,16215],{"id":16214},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16217,16218,16220,16221,16224],{},[15,16219,603],{}," creates an empty ",[197,16222,16223],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16226,16227,16228,120],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16229,599],{},[35,16231,16233],{"className":37,"code":16232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16234,16235,16243,16254,16258,16272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16236,16237,16239,16241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16238,12340],{"class":50},[44,16240,55],{"class":54},[44,16242,10458],{"class":58},[44,16244,16245,16248,16250,16252],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16246,16247],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,16249,55],{"class":54},[44,16251,2050],{"class":548},[44,16253,571],{"class":58},[44,16255,16256],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16257,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16259,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16261,140],{"class":139},[44,16263,127],{"class":58},[44,16265,549],{"class":548},[44,16267,127],{"class":58},[44,16269,12067],{"class":123},[44,16271,556],{"class":58},[44,16273,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16285],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16275,140],{"class":139},[44,16277,127],{"class":58},[44,16279,549],{"class":548},[44,16281,127],{"class":58},[44,16283,16284],{"class":123},"my_set",[44,16286,556],{"class":58},[20,16288,16289],{},[197,16290,150],{},[35,16292,16294],{"className":37,"code":16293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16295,16296,16310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16297,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16299,576],{"class":54},[44,16301,580],{"class":579},[44,16303,584],{"class":583},[44,16305,9443],{"class":587},[44,16307,590],{"class":583},[44,16309,593],{"class":54},[44,16311,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16313,576],{"class":54},[44,16315,580],{"class":579},[44,16317,584],{"class":583},[44,16319,568],{"class":587},[44,16321,590],{"class":583},[44,16323,593],{"class":54},[30,16325,16327,16328],{"id":16326},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16329,9742],{},[20,16331,16332,16333,16335],{},"You can also use ",[15,16334,9742],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16337,16338],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,16340,16342],{"className":37,"code":16341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16343,16344,16384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16345,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16373,16375,16378,16380,16382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16347,13480],{"class":50},[44,16349,55],{"class":54},[44,16351,9793],{"class":548},[44,16353,127],{"class":58},[44,16355,8287],{"class":9798},[44,16357,55],{"class":54},[44,16359,633],{"class":583},[44,16361,13497],{"class":587},[44,16363,633],{"class":583},[44,16365,66],{"class":58},[44,16367,9811],{"class":9798},[44,16369,55],{"class":54},[44,16371,16372],{"class":62},"20",[44,16374,66],{"class":58},[44,16376,16377],{"class":9798}," active",[44,16379,55],{"class":54},[44,16381,4226],{"class":4471},[44,16383,133],{"class":58},[44,16385,16386,16388,16390,16392],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16387,140],{"class":139},[44,16389,127],{"class":58},[44,16391,14243],{"class":123},[44,16393,133],{"class":58},[20,16395,16396],{},[197,16397,150],{},[35,16399,16401],{"className":37,"code":16400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16402,16403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16404,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16406,160],{"class":58},[44,16408,590],{"class":583},[44,16410,8287],{"class":587},[44,16412,590],{"class":583},[44,16414,1598],{"class":58},[44,16416,584],{"class":583},[44,16418,13497],{"class":587},[44,16420,590],{"class":583},[44,16422,66],{"class":58},[44,16424,584],{"class":583},[44,16426,9921],{"class":587},[44,16428,590],{"class":583},[44,16430,1598],{"class":58},[44,16432,8410],{"class":62},[44,16434,66],{"class":58},[44,16436,584],{"class":583},[44,16438,16439],{"class":587},"active",[44,16441,590],{"class":583},[44,16443,1598],{"class":58},[44,16445,4537],{"class":4471},[44,16447,82],{"class":58},[20,16449,16450],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1044,16452,16454,16455],{"id":16453},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16456,9742],{},[20,16458,16459],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[205,16461,16462,16465],{},[208,16463,16464],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[208,16466,16467],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16469,7305],{},[35,16471,16473],{"className":37,"code":16472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16474,16475,16505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16476,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16478,12104],{"class":50},[44,16480,55],{"class":54},[44,16482,9793],{"class":548},[44,16484,127],{"class":58},[44,16486,8287],{"class":9798},[44,16488,55],{"class":54},[44,16490,633],{"class":583},[44,16492,8296],{"class":587},[44,16494,633],{"class":583},[44,16496,66],{"class":58},[44,16498,9811],{"class":9798},[44,16500,55],{"class":54},[44,16502,9816],{"class":62},[44,16504,133],{"class":58},[44,16506,16507,16509,16511,16513],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16508,140],{"class":139},[44,16510,127],{"class":58},[44,16512,12198],{"class":123},[44,16514,133],{"class":58},[20,16516,1592,16517,16519],{},[197,16518,199],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,16521,16523],{"className":37,"code":16522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16524,16525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16526,16527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16528,16522],{"class":1992},[20,16530,16531],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16533,16534],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,16536,16538],{"className":37,"code":16537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16539,16540,16548,16564,16568,16572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16541,16542,16544,16546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16543,12104],{"class":50},[44,16545,55],{"class":54},[44,16547,12109],{"class":58},[44,16549,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16551,12114],{"class":583},[44,16553,11115],{"class":587},[44,16555,633],{"class":583},[44,16557,1598],{"class":58},[44,16559,643],{"class":583},[44,16561,8296],{"class":587},[44,16563,3979],{"class":583},[44,16565,16566],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16567,82],{"class":58},[44,16569,16570],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16571,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16573,16574,16576,16578,16580],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16575,140],{"class":139},[44,16577,127],{"class":58},[44,16579,12198],{"class":123},[44,16581,133],{"class":58},[30,16583,10066],{"id":10065},[20,16585,16586,16588],{},[15,16587,9742],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16590,16591],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,16593,16595],{"className":37,"code":16594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16596,16597,16654,16658,16672,16676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16650,16652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16600,9838],{"class":50},[44,16602,55],{"class":54},[44,16604,9843],{"class":58},[44,16606,633],{"class":583},[44,16608,8287],{"class":587},[44,16610,633],{"class":583},[44,16612,66],{"class":58},[44,16614,643],{"class":583},[44,16616,13497],{"class":587},[44,16618,633],{"class":583},[44,16620,9856],{"class":58},[44,16622,9859],{"class":58},[44,16624,633],{"class":583},[44,16626,9921],{"class":587},[44,16628,633],{"class":583},[44,16630,66],{"class":58},[44,16632,8410],{"class":62},[44,16634,9856],{"class":58},[44,16636,9859],{"class":58},[44,16638,633],{"class":583},[44,16640,11029],{"class":587},[44,16642,633],{"class":583},[44,16644,66],{"class":58},[44,16646,643],{"class":583},[44,16648,16649],{"class":587},"Lima",[44,16651,633],{"class":583},[44,16653,9872],{"class":58},[44,16655,16656],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16657,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16659,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16661,13480],{"class":50},[44,16663,55],{"class":54},[44,16665,9793],{"class":548},[44,16667,127],{"class":58},[44,16669,9885],{"class":123},[44,16671,133],{"class":58},[44,16673,16674],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16675,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16677,16678,16680,16682,16684],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16679,140],{"class":139},[44,16681,127],{"class":58},[44,16683,14243],{"class":123},[44,16685,133],{"class":58},[20,16687,16688],{},[197,16689,150],{},[35,16691,16693],{"className":37,"code":16692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16694,16695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16696,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16698,160],{"class":58},[44,16700,590],{"class":583},[44,16702,8287],{"class":587},[44,16704,590],{"class":583},[44,16706,1598],{"class":58},[44,16708,584],{"class":583},[44,16710,13497],{"class":587},[44,16712,590],{"class":583},[44,16714,66],{"class":58},[44,16716,584],{"class":583},[44,16718,9921],{"class":587},[44,16720,590],{"class":583},[44,16722,1598],{"class":58},[44,16724,8410],{"class":62},[44,16726,66],{"class":58},[44,16728,584],{"class":583},[44,16730,11029],{"class":587},[44,16732,590],{"class":583},[44,16734,1598],{"class":58},[44,16736,584],{"class":583},[44,16738,16649],{"class":587},[44,16740,590],{"class":583},[44,16742,82],{"class":58},[20,16744,16745],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,16747,16749],{"className":37,"code":16748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16750,16751,16792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16752,16753,16755,16757,16759,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16754,13480],{"class":50},[44,16756,55],{"class":54},[44,16758,9793],{"class":548},[44,16760,16761],{"class":58},"(((",[44,16763,633],{"class":583},[44,16765,8287],{"class":587},[44,16767,633],{"class":583},[44,16769,66],{"class":58},[44,16771,643],{"class":583},[44,16773,13497],{"class":587},[44,16775,633],{"class":583},[44,16777,9856],{"class":58},[44,16779,9859],{"class":58},[44,16781,633],{"class":583},[44,16783,9921],{"class":587},[44,16785,633],{"class":583},[44,16787,66],{"class":58},[44,16789,8410],{"class":62},[44,16791,2432],{"class":58},[44,16793,16794,16796,16798,16800],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16795,140],{"class":139},[44,16797,127],{"class":58},[44,16799,14243],{"class":123},[44,16801,133],{"class":58},[20,16803,16804],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16806,16808],{"id":16807},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16810,16811],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[205,16813,16814,16817,16820,16823],{},[208,16815,16816],{},"Keys must be unique",[208,16818,16819],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[208,16821,16822],{},"Values can repeat",[208,16824,16825],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1044,16827,16829],{"id":16828},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16831,16833],{"className":37,"code":16832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16834,16835,16843,16861,16878,16882,16886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16836,16837,16839,16841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16838,9788],{"class":50},[44,16840,55],{"class":54},[44,16842,12109],{"class":58},[44,16844,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16846,12114],{"class":583},[44,16848,8287],{"class":587},[44,16850,633],{"class":583},[44,16852,1598],{"class":58},[44,16854,643],{"class":583},[44,16856,13497],{"class":587},[44,16858,633],{"class":583},[44,16860,12130],{"class":58},[44,16862,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16876],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16864,12114],{"class":583},[44,16866,8287],{"class":587},[44,16868,633],{"class":583},[44,16870,1598],{"class":58},[44,16872,643],{"class":583},[44,16874,16875],{"class":587},"Maria",[44,16877,3979],{"class":583},[44,16879,16880],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16881,82],{"class":58},[44,16883,16884],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16885,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,16887,16888,16890,16892,16894],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,16889,140],{"class":139},[44,16891,127],{"class":58},[44,16893,9827],{"class":123},[44,16895,133],{"class":58},[20,16897,16898],{},[197,16899,150],{},[35,16901,16903],{"className":37,"code":16902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16904,16905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16906,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16908,160],{"class":58},[44,16910,590],{"class":583},[44,16912,8287],{"class":587},[44,16914,590],{"class":583},[44,16916,1598],{"class":58},[44,16918,584],{"class":583},[44,16920,16875],{"class":587},[44,16922,590],{"class":583},[44,16924,82],{"class":58},[20,16926,16927],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1044,16929,16931],{"id":16930},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16933,16935],{"className":37,"code":16934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16936,16937,16945,16961,16977,16991,16995,16999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16938,16939,16941,16943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16940,5681],{"class":50},[44,16942,55],{"class":54},[44,16944,12109],{"class":58},[44,16946,16947,16950,16952,16954,16957,16959],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,16948,16949],{"class":62},"    1",[44,16951,1598],{"class":58},[44,16953,643],{"class":583},[44,16955,16956],{"class":587},"low",[44,16958,633],{"class":583},[44,16960,12130],{"class":58},[44,16962,16963,16966,16968,16970,16973,16975],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,16964,16965],{"class":62},"    2",[44,16967,1598],{"class":58},[44,16969,643],{"class":583},[44,16971,16972],{"class":587},"medium",[44,16974,633],{"class":583},[44,16976,12130],{"class":58},[44,16978,16979,16982,16984,16986,16989],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,16980,16981],{"class":62},"    3",[44,16983,1598],{"class":58},[44,16985,643],{"class":583},[44,16987,16988],{"class":587},"high",[44,16990,3979],{"class":583},[44,16992,16993],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,16994,82],{"class":58},[44,16996,16997],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,16998,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,17000,17001,17003,17005,17008],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,17002,140],{"class":139},[44,17004,127],{"class":58},[44,17006,17007],{"class":123},"scores",[44,17009,133],{"class":58},[1044,17011,17013],{"id":17012},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17015,17016],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17018,17019],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,17021,17023],{"className":37,"code":17022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17024,17025,17030,17035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17026,17027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17028,17029],{"class":1992},"# bad = {\n",[44,17031,17032],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17033,17034],{"class":1992},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,17036,17037],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17038,17039],{"class":1992},"# }\n",[20,17041,17042],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,17044,17046],{"className":37,"code":17045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17047,17048,17057,17077,17081,17085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17049,17050,17053,17055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17051,17052],{"class":50},"good ",[44,17054,55],{"class":54},[44,17056,12109],{"class":58},[44,17058,17059,17062,17064,17066,17068,17071,17073,17075],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17060,17061],{"class":58},"    (",[44,17063,63],{"class":62},[44,17065,66],{"class":58},[44,17067,69],{"class":62},[44,17069,17070],{"class":58},"):",[44,17072,643],{"class":583},[44,17074,4268],{"class":587},[44,17076,3979],{"class":583},[44,17078,17079],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17080,82],{"class":58},[44,17082,17083],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,17084,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,17086,17087,17089,17091,17094],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,17088,140],{"class":139},[44,17090,127],{"class":58},[44,17092,17093],{"class":123},"good",[44,17095,133],{"class":58},[30,17097,17099],{"id":17098},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17101,17102],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17104,17105],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[205,17107,17108,17111,17113,17116],{},[208,17109,17110],{},"user data",[208,17112,14502],{},[208,17114,17115],{},"counters",[208,17117,17118],{},"lookups",[20,17120,295],{},[35,17122,17124],{"className":37,"code":17123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17125,17126,17134,17153,17172,17184,17188,17192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17127,17128,17130,17132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17129,12104],{"class":50},[44,17131,55],{"class":54},[44,17133,12109],{"class":58},[44,17135,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17149,17151],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17137,12114],{"class":583},[44,17139,8606],{"class":587},[44,17141,633],{"class":583},[44,17143,1598],{"class":58},[44,17145,643],{"class":583},[44,17147,17148],{"class":587},"ana123",[44,17150,633],{"class":583},[44,17152,12130],{"class":58},[44,17154,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17168,17170],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17156,12114],{"class":583},[44,17158,15877],{"class":587},[44,17160,633],{"class":583},[44,17162,1598],{"class":58},[44,17164,643],{"class":583},[44,17166,17167],{"class":587},"ana@example.com",[44,17169,633],{"class":583},[44,17171,12130],{"class":58},[44,17173,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,17175,12114],{"class":583},[44,17177,13131],{"class":587},[44,17179,633],{"class":583},[44,17181,1598],{"class":58},[44,17183,7040],{"class":4471},[44,17185,17186],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,17187,82],{"class":58},[44,17189,17190],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,17191,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,17193,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,17195,140],{"class":139},[44,17197,127],{"class":58},[44,17199,12198],{"class":123},[44,17201,4521],{"class":58},[44,17203,633],{"class":583},[44,17205,15877],{"class":587},[44,17207,633],{"class":583},[44,17209,4509],{"class":58},[20,17211,17212,17213,120],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[176,17214,17216],{"href":17215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17218,17219],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[205,17221,17222,17225,17228],{},[208,17223,17224],{},"labels are not needed",[208,17226,17227],{},"you mostly care about position",[208,17229,17230],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,17232,3454],{"id":3453},[20,17234,17235],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[205,17237,17238,17241,17244,17247,17250],{},[208,17239,17240],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[208,17242,17243],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[208,17245,17246],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[208,17248,17249],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[208,17251,17252,17253,17255],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17254,603],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1044,17257,17259],{"id":17258},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17261,17262],{},"Wrong:",[35,17264,17266],{"className":37,"code":17265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17267,17268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17269,17270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17271,17265],{"class":1992},[20,17273,17274],{},"Correct:",[35,17276,17278],{"className":37,"code":17277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17279,17280,17304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17281,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17283,13480],{"class":50},[44,17285,55],{"class":54},[44,17287,59],{"class":58},[44,17289,633],{"class":583},[44,17291,8287],{"class":587},[44,17293,633],{"class":583},[44,17295,1598],{"class":58},[44,17297,643],{"class":583},[44,17299,13497],{"class":587},[44,17301,633],{"class":583},[44,17303,82],{"class":58},[44,17305,17306,17308,17310,17312],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17307,140],{"class":139},[44,17309,127],{"class":58},[44,17311,14243],{"class":123},[44,17313,133],{"class":58},[1044,17315,17317],{"id":17316},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17319,17262],{},[35,17321,17323],{"className":37,"code":17322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17324,17325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17326,17327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17328,17322],{"class":1992},[20,17330,17331,17332,17334,17335,17337],{},"This only works if ",[15,17333,8287],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17336,15858],{},", use quotes.",[20,17339,17274],{},[35,17341,17342],{"className":37,"code":17277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,17343,17344,17368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17345,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17347,13480],{"class":50},[44,17349,55],{"class":54},[44,17351,59],{"class":58},[44,17353,633],{"class":583},[44,17355,8287],{"class":587},[44,17357,633],{"class":583},[44,17359,1598],{"class":58},[44,17361,643],{"class":583},[44,17363,13497],{"class":587},[44,17365,633],{"class":583},[44,17367,82],{"class":58},[44,17369,17370,17372,17374,17376],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17371,140],{"class":139},[44,17373,127],{"class":58},[44,17375,14243],{"class":123},[44,17377,133],{"class":58},[1044,17379,17381],{"id":17380},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,17383,17385],{"className":37,"code":17384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17386,17387,17419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17388,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17390,9788],{"class":50},[44,17392,55],{"class":54},[44,17394,59],{"class":58},[44,17396,633],{"class":583},[44,17398,9921],{"class":587},[44,17400,633],{"class":583},[44,17402,1598],{"class":58},[44,17404,8410],{"class":62},[44,17406,66],{"class":58},[44,17408,643],{"class":583},[44,17410,9921],{"class":587},[44,17412,633],{"class":583},[44,17414,1598],{"class":58},[44,17416,8415],{"class":62},[44,17418,82],{"class":58},[44,17420,17421,17423,17425,17427],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17422,140],{"class":139},[44,17424,127],{"class":58},[44,17426,9827],{"class":123},[44,17428,133],{"class":58},[20,17430,17431],{},[197,17432,150],{},[35,17434,17436],{"className":37,"code":17435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17437,17438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17439,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17441,160],{"class":58},[44,17443,590],{"class":583},[44,17445,9921],{"class":587},[44,17447,590],{"class":583},[44,17449,1598],{"class":58},[44,17451,8415],{"class":62},[44,17453,82],{"class":58},[30,17455,17457],{"id":17456},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17459,17460],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,17462,17464],{"className":37,"code":17463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17465,17466,17502,17506,17516,17530,17545,17559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17469,12340],{"class":50},[44,17471,55],{"class":54},[44,17473,59],{"class":58},[44,17475,633],{"class":583},[44,17477,8287],{"class":587},[44,17479,633],{"class":583},[44,17481,1598],{"class":58},[44,17483,643],{"class":583},[44,17485,13497],{"class":587},[44,17487,633],{"class":583},[44,17489,66],{"class":58},[44,17491,643],{"class":583},[44,17493,9921],{"class":587},[44,17495,633],{"class":583},[44,17497,1598],{"class":58},[44,17499,8410],{"class":62},[44,17501,82],{"class":58},[44,17503,17504],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17505,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,17507,17508,17510,17512,17514],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17509,140],{"class":139},[44,17511,127],{"class":58},[44,17513,12067],{"class":123},[44,17515,133],{"class":58},[44,17517,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,17519,140],{"class":139},[44,17521,127],{"class":58},[44,17523,549],{"class":548},[44,17525,127],{"class":58},[44,17527,12067],{"class":123},[44,17529,556],{"class":58},[44,17531,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17543],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,17533,140],{"class":139},[44,17535,127],{"class":58},[44,17537,12067],{"class":123},[44,17539,120],{"class":58},[44,17541,17542],{"class":123},"keys",[44,17544,7812],{"class":58},[44,17546,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,17548,140],{"class":139},[44,17550,127],{"class":58},[44,17552,12067],{"class":123},[44,17554,120],{"class":58},[44,17556,5976],{"class":123},[44,17558,7812],{"class":58},[44,17560,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,17562,140],{"class":139},[44,17564,127],{"class":58},[44,17566,2441],{"class":139},[44,17568,127],{"class":58},[44,17570,12067],{"class":123},[44,17572,556],{"class":58},[20,17574,17575],{},[197,17576,17577],{},"Example output:",[35,17579,17581],{"className":37,"code":17580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17582,17583,17615,17629,17652,17671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17584,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17586,160],{"class":58},[44,17588,590],{"class":583},[44,17590,8287],{"class":587},[44,17592,590],{"class":583},[44,17594,1598],{"class":58},[44,17596,584],{"class":583},[44,17598,13497],{"class":587},[44,17600,590],{"class":583},[44,17602,66],{"class":58},[44,17604,584],{"class":583},[44,17606,9921],{"class":587},[44,17608,590],{"class":583},[44,17610,1598],{"class":58},[44,17612,8410],{"class":62},[44,17614,82],{"class":58},[44,17616,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17618,576],{"class":54},[44,17620,580],{"class":579},[44,17622,584],{"class":583},[44,17624,9443],{"class":587},[44,17626,590],{"class":583},[44,17628,593],{"class":54},[44,17630,17631,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17632,17633],{"class":123},"dict_keys",[44,17635,3609],{"class":58},[44,17637,590],{"class":583},[44,17639,8287],{"class":587},[44,17641,590],{"class":583},[44,17643,66],{"class":58},[44,17645,584],{"class":583},[44,17647,9921],{"class":587},[44,17649,590],{"class":583},[44,17651,4509],{"class":58},[44,17653,17654,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,17655,17656],{"class":123},"dict_values",[44,17658,3609],{"class":58},[44,17660,590],{"class":583},[44,17662,13497],{"class":587},[44,17664,590],{"class":583},[44,17666,66],{"class":58},[44,17668,8410],{"class":62},[44,17670,4509],{"class":58},[44,17672,17673],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,17674,17675],{"class":62},"2\n",[20,17677,17678,17679,2817,17685,17691,17692,120],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[176,17680,11356,17682],{"href":17681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17683,17684],{},"keys()",[176,17686,11356,17688],{"href":17687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17689,17690],{},"values()",", and ",[176,17693,11356,17695],{"href":17694},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17696,17697],{},"items()",[30,17699,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,17701,17703],{"id":17702},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17705,1296,17706,428,17708,17710],{},[15,17707,603],{},[15,17709,9742],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1044,17712,17714],{"id":17713},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17716,17717,17718,120],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17719,17720],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1044,17722,17724],{"id":17723},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17726,17727],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1044,17729,17731],{"id":17730},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17733,17734],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1044,17736,2492,17738,2495,17740,1447],{"id":17737},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17739,603],{},[15,17741,9742],{},[20,17743,17744,17746,17747,17749],{},[15,17745,603],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17748,9742],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,17751,2528],{"id":2527},[205,17753,17754,17758,17764,17768,17774],{},[208,17755,17756],{},[176,17757,9778],{"href":9777},[208,17759,17760],{},[176,17761,11356,17762,2544],{"href":11355},[15,17763,11359],{},[208,17765,17766],{},[176,17767,11869],{"href":11350},[208,17769,17770],{},[176,17771,17773],{"href":17772},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[208,17775,17776],{},[176,17777,11880],{"href":11693},[20,17779,17780],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2554,17782,17783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":17785},[17786,17787,17788,17789,17792,17795,17800,17801,17806,17807,17812,17813,17821],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":15798,"depth":85,"text":15786},{"id":15883,"depth":85,"text":15884,"children":17790},[17791],{"id":16035,"depth":109,"text":16036},{"id":10023,"depth":85,"text":10024,"children":17793},[17794],{"id":16214,"depth":109,"text":16215},{"id":16326,"depth":85,"text":17796,"children":17797},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17798],{"id":16453,"depth":109,"text":17799},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10065,"depth":85,"text":10066},{"id":16807,"depth":85,"text":16808,"children":17802},[17803,17804,17805],{"id":16828,"depth":109,"text":16829},{"id":16930,"depth":109,"text":16931},{"id":17012,"depth":109,"text":17013},{"id":17098,"depth":85,"text":17099},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":17808},[17809,17810,17811],{"id":17258,"depth":109,"text":17259},{"id":17316,"depth":109,"text":17317},{"id":17380,"depth":109,"text":17381},{"id":17456,"depth":85,"text":17457},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":17814},[17815,17816,17817,17818,17819],{"id":17702,"depth":109,"text":17703},{"id":17713,"depth":109,"text":17714},{"id":17723,"depth":109,"text":17724},{"id":17730,"depth":109,"text":17731},{"id":17737,"depth":109,"text":17820},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15623,"description":17822},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17828,"title":17829,"body":17830,"description":20278,"extension":2593,"meta":20279,"navigation":364,"path":20280,"seo":20281,"stem":20282,"__hash__":20283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17831,"toc":20234},[17832,17838,17844,17847,17850,17852,17934,17940,17945,17949,17967,17979,17984,17988,18011,18015,18027,18035,18037,18043,18045,18048,18123,18125,18170,18172,18189,18194,18200,18205,18279,18281,18326,18329,18340,18342,18461,18463,18516,18523,18527,18530,18547,18553,18557,18655,18657,18709,18716,18720,18726,18729,18732,18759,18764,18768,18771,18875,18877,18922,18925,18928,18933,18938,18949,18951,19012,19072,19078,19086,19092,19097,19102,19162,19166,19233,19236,19240,19311,19314,19327,19334,19336,19340,19344,19415,19417,19454,19457,19460,19523,19530,19533,19575,19584,19587,19656,19662,19667,19751,19753,19802,19809,19815,19860,19862,19895,19900,19904,19910,19949,19993,20061,20104,20106,20112,20115,20119,20124,20128,20131,20135,20137,20198,20200,20226,20231],[10,17833,11936,17835,18],{"id":17834},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17836,17837],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17839,17840,17843],{},[15,17841,17842],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17845,17846],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17848,17849],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17851,2634],{"id":2633},[35,17853,17855],{"className":37,"code":17854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17856,17857,17890,17918,17929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17858,17859,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17860,17861],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17863,55],{"class":54},[44,17865,1954],{"class":58},[44,17867,633],{"class":583},[44,17869,8287],{"class":587},[44,17871,633],{"class":583},[44,17873,66],{"class":58},[44,17875,643],{"class":583},[44,17877,9921],{"class":587},[44,17879,633],{"class":583},[44,17881,66],{"class":58},[44,17883,643],{"class":583},[44,17885,11029],{"class":587},[44,17887,633],{"class":583},[44,17889,1967],{"class":58},[44,17891,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17914,17916],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,17893,13821],{"class":50},[44,17895,55],{"class":54},[44,17897,9793],{"class":548},[44,17899,120],{"class":58},[44,17901,17902],{"class":123},"fromkeys",[44,17904,127],{"class":58},[44,17906,17542],{"class":123},[44,17908,66],{"class":58},[44,17910,643],{"class":583},[44,17912,17913],{"class":587},"unknown",[44,17915,633],{"class":583},[44,17917,133],{"class":58},[44,17919,17920,17922,17924,17927],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,17921,140],{"class":139},[44,17923,127],{"class":58},[44,17925,17926],{"class":123},"person",[44,17928,133],{"class":58},[44,17930,17931],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,17932,17933],{"class":1992},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17935,1296,17936,17939],{},[15,17937,17938],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17941,186,17943,189],{"id":17942},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17944,17842],{},[20,17946,17947,1598],{},[15,17948,17842],{},[205,17950,17951,17954,17957,17960],{},[208,17952,17953],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[208,17955,17956],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[208,17958,17959],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[208,17961,17962,17963,17966],{},"Is called as ",[15,17964,17965],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17968,17969,17970,17972,17973,17975,17976,120],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17971,9443],{},", so you write ",[15,17974,17965],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17977,17978],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17980,17981,17982,120],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[176,17983,9778],{"href":13640},[30,17985,17987],{"id":17986},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17989,17991],{"className":37,"code":17990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17992,17993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17994,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17996,9443],{"class":548},[44,17998,120],{"class":58},[44,18000,17902],{"class":123},[44,18002,127],{"class":58},[44,18004,4340],{"class":123},[44,18006,66],{"class":58},[44,18008,9055],{"class":123},[44,18010,133],{"class":58},[1044,18012,18014],{"id":18013},"parameters","Parameters",[205,18016,18017,18022],{},[208,18018,18019,18021],{},[15,18020,4340],{},": the keys to use",[208,18023,18024,18026],{},[15,18025,3100],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18028,18029,18030,18032,18033,120],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18031,3100],{},", each key gets ",[15,18034,4398],{},[1044,18036,437],{"id":436},[20,18038,18039,18040,120],{},"It returns a ",[197,18041,18042],{},"new dictionary",[30,18044,6405],{"id":6404},[20,18046,18047],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,18049,18051],{"className":37,"code":18050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18052,18053,18086,18108,18112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18054,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18056,17861],{"class":50},[44,18058,55],{"class":54},[44,18060,1954],{"class":58},[44,18062,633],{"class":583},[44,18064,13709],{"class":587},[44,18066,633],{"class":583},[44,18068,66],{"class":58},[44,18070,643],{"class":583},[44,18072,18073],{"class":587},"green",[44,18075,633],{"class":583},[44,18077,66],{"class":58},[44,18079,643],{"class":583},[44,18081,13726],{"class":587},[44,18083,633],{"class":583},[44,18085,1967],{"class":58},[44,18087,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,18089,13692],{"class":50},[44,18091,55],{"class":54},[44,18093,9793],{"class":548},[44,18095,120],{"class":58},[44,18097,17902],{"class":123},[44,18099,127],{"class":58},[44,18101,17542],{"class":123},[44,18103,66],{"class":58},[44,18105,4452],{"class":62},[44,18107,133],{"class":58},[44,18109,18110],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,18111,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18113,18114,18116,18118,18121],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,18115,140],{"class":139},[44,18117,127],{"class":58},[44,18119,18120],{"class":123},"colors",[44,18122,133],{"class":58},[20,18124,150],{},[35,18126,18128],{"className":37,"code":18127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18129,18130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18131,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18133,160],{"class":58},[44,18135,590],{"class":583},[44,18137,13709],{"class":587},[44,18139,590],{"class":583},[44,18141,1598],{"class":58},[44,18143,4452],{"class":62},[44,18145,66],{"class":58},[44,18147,584],{"class":583},[44,18149,18073],{"class":587},[44,18151,590],{"class":583},[44,18153,1598],{"class":58},[44,18155,4452],{"class":62},[44,18157,66],{"class":58},[44,18159,584],{"class":583},[44,18161,13726],{"class":587},[44,18163,590],{"class":583},[44,18165,1598],{"class":58},[44,18167,4452],{"class":62},[44,18169,82],{"class":58},[20,18171,832],{},[205,18173,18174,18179,18184],{},[208,18175,18176,18178],{},[15,18177,17542],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[208,18180,18181,18183],{},[15,18182,2748],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[208,18185,18186,18188],{},[15,18187,17842],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18190,18191,18192,120],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[176,18193,10013],{"href":13643},[30,18195,863,18197,18199],{"id":18196},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18198,17837],{}," without a value",[20,18201,18202,18203,120],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18204,4398],{},[35,18206,18208],{"className":37,"code":18207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18209,18210,18244,18264,18268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18211,18212,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18240,18242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18213,18214],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,18216,55],{"class":54},[44,18218,1954],{"class":58},[44,18220,633],{"class":583},[44,18222,8606],{"class":587},[44,18224,633],{"class":583},[44,18226,66],{"class":58},[44,18228,643],{"class":583},[44,18230,15877],{"class":587},[44,18232,633],{"class":583},[44,18234,66],{"class":58},[44,18236,643],{"class":583},[44,18238,18239],{"class":587},"password",[44,18241,633],{"class":583},[44,18243,1967],{"class":58},[44,18245,18246,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18262],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,18247,18248],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,18250,55],{"class":54},[44,18252,9793],{"class":548},[44,18254,120],{"class":58},[44,18256,17902],{"class":123},[44,18258,127],{"class":58},[44,18260,18261],{"class":123},"fields",[44,18263,133],{"class":58},[44,18265,18266],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,18267,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18269,18270,18272,18274,18277],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,18271,140],{"class":139},[44,18273,127],{"class":58},[44,18275,18276],{"class":123},"user_data",[44,18278,133],{"class":58},[20,18280,150],{},[35,18282,18284],{"className":37,"code":18283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18285,18286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18287,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18289,160],{"class":58},[44,18291,590],{"class":583},[44,18293,8606],{"class":587},[44,18295,590],{"class":583},[44,18297,1598],{"class":58},[44,18299,4472],{"class":4471},[44,18301,66],{"class":58},[44,18303,584],{"class":583},[44,18305,15877],{"class":587},[44,18307,590],{"class":583},[44,18309,1598],{"class":58},[44,18311,4472],{"class":4471},[44,18313,66],{"class":58},[44,18315,584],{"class":583},[44,18317,18239],{"class":587},[44,18319,590],{"class":583},[44,18321,1598],{"class":58},[44,18323,4472],{"class":4471},[44,18325,82],{"class":58},[20,18327,18328],{},"This is useful when:",[205,18330,18331,18334,18337],{},[208,18332,18333],{},"You want to create the keys first",[208,18335,18336],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[208,18338,18339],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18341,295],{},[35,18343,18345],{"className":37,"code":18344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18346,18347,18379,18397,18401,18424,18447,18451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18348,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18350,18214],{"class":50},[44,18352,55],{"class":54},[44,18354,1954],{"class":58},[44,18356,633],{"class":583},[44,18358,8606],{"class":587},[44,18360,633],{"class":583},[44,18362,66],{"class":58},[44,18364,643],{"class":583},[44,18366,15877],{"class":587},[44,18368,633],{"class":583},[44,18370,66],{"class":58},[44,18372,643],{"class":583},[44,18374,18239],{"class":587},[44,18376,633],{"class":583},[44,18378,1967],{"class":58},[44,18380,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,18382,18248],{"class":50},[44,18384,55],{"class":54},[44,18386,9793],{"class":548},[44,18388,120],{"class":58},[44,18390,17902],{"class":123},[44,18392,127],{"class":58},[44,18394,18261],{"class":123},[44,18396,133],{"class":58},[44,18398,18399],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,18400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18402,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18422],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,18404,18276],{"class":50},[44,18406,4521],{"class":58},[44,18408,633],{"class":583},[44,18410,8606],{"class":587},[44,18412,633],{"class":583},[44,18414,13890],{"class":58},[44,18416,13893],{"class":54},[44,18418,643],{"class":583},[44,18420,18421],{"class":587},"alice",[44,18423,3979],{"class":583},[44,18425,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18445],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,18427,18276],{"class":50},[44,18429,4521],{"class":58},[44,18431,633],{"class":583},[44,18433,15877],{"class":587},[44,18435,633],{"class":583},[44,18437,13890],{"class":58},[44,18439,13893],{"class":54},[44,18441,643],{"class":583},[44,18443,18444],{"class":587},"alice@example.com",[44,18446,3979],{"class":583},[44,18448,18449],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,18450,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,18454,140],{"class":139},[44,18456,127],{"class":58},[44,18458,18276],{"class":123},[44,18460,133],{"class":58},[20,18462,150],{},[35,18464,18466],{"className":37,"code":18465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18467,18468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18469,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18471,160],{"class":58},[44,18473,590],{"class":583},[44,18475,8606],{"class":587},[44,18477,590],{"class":583},[44,18479,1598],{"class":58},[44,18481,584],{"class":583},[44,18483,18421],{"class":587},[44,18485,590],{"class":583},[44,18487,66],{"class":58},[44,18489,584],{"class":583},[44,18491,15877],{"class":587},[44,18493,590],{"class":583},[44,18495,1598],{"class":58},[44,18497,584],{"class":583},[44,18499,18444],{"class":587},[44,18501,590],{"class":583},[44,18503,66],{"class":58},[44,18505,584],{"class":583},[44,18507,18239],{"class":587},[44,18509,590],{"class":583},[44,18511,1598],{"class":58},[44,18513,4472],{"class":4471},[44,18515,82],{"class":58},[20,18517,18518,18519,120],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[176,18520,18522],{"href":18521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,18524,18526],{"id":18525},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18528,18529],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[205,18531,18532,18537,18542],{},[208,18533,18534,18536],{},[15,18535,4407],{}," (list)",[208,18538,18539,18541],{},[15,18540,603],{}," (dictionary)",[208,18543,18544,18546],{},[15,18545,599],{}," (set)",[20,18548,18549,18550,120],{},"All keys will point to the ",[197,18551,18552],{},"same object",[1044,18554,18556],{"id":18555},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,18558,18560],{"className":37,"code":18559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18561,18562,18594,18615,18619,18641,18645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18565,17861],{"class":50},[44,18567,55],{"class":54},[44,18569,1954],{"class":58},[44,18571,633],{"class":583},[44,18573,176],{"class":587},[44,18575,633],{"class":583},[44,18577,66],{"class":58},[44,18579,643],{"class":583},[44,18581,130],{"class":587},[44,18583,633],{"class":583},[44,18585,66],{"class":58},[44,18587,643],{"class":583},[44,18589,431],{"class":587},[44,18591,633],{"class":583},[44,18593,1967],{"class":58},[44,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,18597,9788],{"class":50},[44,18599,55],{"class":54},[44,18601,9793],{"class":548},[44,18603,120],{"class":58},[44,18605,17902],{"class":123},[44,18607,127],{"class":58},[44,18609,17542],{"class":123},[44,18611,66],{"class":58},[44,18613,18614],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,18616,18617],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,18618,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18620,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,18622,9827],{"class":50},[44,18624,4521],{"class":58},[44,18626,633],{"class":583},[44,18628,176],{"class":587},[44,18630,633],{"class":583},[44,18632,14167],{"class":58},[44,18634,14170],{"class":123},[44,18636,127],{"class":58},[44,18638,63],{"class":62},[44,18640,133],{"class":58},[44,18642,18643],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,18644,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18646,18647,18649,18651,18653],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,18648,140],{"class":139},[44,18650,127],{"class":58},[44,18652,9827],{"class":123},[44,18654,133],{"class":58},[20,18656,150],{},[35,18658,18660],{"className":37,"code":18659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18661,18662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18663,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18665,160],{"class":58},[44,18667,590],{"class":583},[44,18669,176],{"class":587},[44,18671,590],{"class":583},[44,18673,1598],{"class":58},[44,18675,1954],{"class":58},[44,18677,63],{"class":62},[44,18679,18680],{"class":58},"],",[44,18682,584],{"class":583},[44,18684,130],{"class":587},[44,18686,590],{"class":583},[44,18688,1598],{"class":58},[44,18690,1954],{"class":58},[44,18692,63],{"class":62},[44,18694,18680],{"class":58},[44,18696,584],{"class":583},[44,18698,431],{"class":587},[44,18700,590],{"class":583},[44,18702,1598],{"class":58},[44,18704,1954],{"class":58},[44,18706,63],{"class":62},[44,18708,14323],{"class":58},[20,18710,18711,18712,18715],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18713,18714],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1044,18717,18719],{"id":18718},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18721,18722,18725],{},[15,18723,18724],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18727,18728],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18730,18731],{},"So this:",[35,18733,18735],{"className":37,"code":18734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18736,18737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18740,9827],{"class":50},[44,18742,4521],{"class":58},[44,18744,633],{"class":583},[44,18746,176],{"class":587},[44,18748,633],{"class":583},[44,18750,14167],{"class":58},[44,18752,14170],{"class":123},[44,18754,127],{"class":58},[44,18756,63],{"class":62},[44,18758,133],{"class":58},[20,18760,18761,18762,120],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18763,18714],{},[1044,18765,18767],{"id":18766},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18769,18770],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,18772,18774],{"className":37,"code":18773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18775,18776,18808,18835,18839,18861,18865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18779,17861],{"class":50},[44,18781,55],{"class":54},[44,18783,1954],{"class":58},[44,18785,633],{"class":583},[44,18787,176],{"class":587},[44,18789,633],{"class":583},[44,18791,66],{"class":58},[44,18793,643],{"class":583},[44,18795,130],{"class":587},[44,18797,633],{"class":583},[44,18799,66],{"class":58},[44,18801,643],{"class":583},[44,18803,431],{"class":587},[44,18805,633],{"class":583},[44,18807,1967],{"class":58},[44,18809,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18823,18825,18828,18830,18833],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,18811,9788],{"class":50},[44,18813,55],{"class":54},[44,18815,59],{"class":58},[44,18817,15459],{"class":50},[44,18819,1598],{"class":58},[44,18821,18822],{"class":58}," []",[44,18824,4497],{"class":4496},[44,18826,18827],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18829,4503],{"class":4496},[44,18831,18832],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18834,82],{"class":58},[44,18836,18837],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,18838,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18840,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,18842,9827],{"class":50},[44,18844,4521],{"class":58},[44,18846,633],{"class":583},[44,18848,176],{"class":587},[44,18850,633],{"class":583},[44,18852,14167],{"class":58},[44,18854,14170],{"class":123},[44,18856,127],{"class":58},[44,18858,63],{"class":62},[44,18860,133],{"class":58},[44,18862,18863],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,18864,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,18866,18867,18869,18871,18873],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,18868,140],{"class":139},[44,18870,127],{"class":58},[44,18872,9827],{"class":123},[44,18874,133],{"class":58},[20,18876,150],{},[35,18878,18880],{"className":37,"code":18879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18881,18882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18883,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18885,160],{"class":58},[44,18887,590],{"class":583},[44,18889,176],{"class":587},[44,18891,590],{"class":583},[44,18893,1598],{"class":58},[44,18895,1954],{"class":58},[44,18897,63],{"class":62},[44,18899,18680],{"class":58},[44,18901,584],{"class":583},[44,18903,130],{"class":587},[44,18905,590],{"class":583},[44,18907,1598],{"class":58},[44,18909,18910],{"class":58}," [],",[44,18912,584],{"class":583},[44,18914,431],{"class":587},[44,18916,590],{"class":583},[44,18918,1598],{"class":58},[44,18920,18921],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,18923,18924],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18926,18927],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18929,5578,18931],{"id":18930},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18932,17837],{},[20,18934,18935,18937],{},[15,18936,17842],{}," is a good choice when:",[205,18939,18940,18943,18946],{},[208,18941,18942],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[208,18944,18945],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[208,18947,18948],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18950,2754],{},[35,18952,18954],{"className":37,"code":18953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18955,18956,19001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18957,18958,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18993,18995,18997,18999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18959,18960],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18962,55],{"class":54},[44,18964,9793],{"class":548},[44,18966,120],{"class":58},[44,18968,17902],{"class":123},[44,18970,3609],{"class":58},[44,18972,633],{"class":583},[44,18974,18975],{"class":587},"is_admin",[44,18977,633],{"class":583},[44,18979,66],{"class":58},[44,18981,643],{"class":583},[44,18983,15697],{"class":587},[44,18985,633],{"class":583},[44,18987,66],{"class":58},[44,18989,643],{"class":583},[44,18991,18992],{"class":587},"is_verified",[44,18994,633],{"class":583},[44,18996,18680],{"class":58},[44,18998,4528],{"class":4471},[44,19000,133],{"class":58},[44,19002,19003,19005,19007,19010],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19004,140],{"class":139},[44,19006,127],{"class":58},[44,19008,19009],{"class":123},"flags",[44,19011,133],{"class":58},[35,19013,19015],{"className":37,"code":19014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19016,19017,19062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19018,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19036,19038,19040,19042,19045,19047,19049,19051,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19020,5681],{"class":50},[44,19022,55],{"class":54},[44,19024,9793],{"class":548},[44,19026,120],{"class":58},[44,19028,17902],{"class":123},[44,19030,3609],{"class":58},[44,19032,633],{"class":583},[44,19034,19035],{"class":587},"math",[44,19037,633],{"class":583},[44,19039,66],{"class":58},[44,19041,643],{"class":583},[44,19043,19044],{"class":587},"science",[44,19046,633],{"class":583},[44,19048,66],{"class":58},[44,19050,643],{"class":583},[44,19052,19053],{"class":587},"history",[44,19055,633],{"class":583},[44,19057,18680],{"class":58},[44,19059,4452],{"class":62},[44,19061,133],{"class":58},[44,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19065,140],{"class":139},[44,19067,127],{"class":58},[44,19069,17007],{"class":123},[44,19071,133],{"class":58},[20,19073,19074,19075,19077],{},"It is ",[197,19076,199],{}," the best choice when:",[205,19079,19080,19083],{},[208,19081,19082],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[208,19084,19085],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,19087,19089,19091],{"id":19088},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19090,17837],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19093,19094,19096],{},[15,19095,17837],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1044,19098,863,19100],{"id":19099},"using-fromkeys",[15,19101,17837],{},[35,19103,19105],{"className":37,"code":19104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19106,19107,19152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19108,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19126,19128,19130,19132,19135,19137,19139,19141,19144,19146,19148,19150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19110,14443],{"class":50},[44,19112,55],{"class":54},[44,19114,9793],{"class":548},[44,19116,120],{"class":58},[44,19118,17902],{"class":123},[44,19120,3609],{"class":58},[44,19122,633],{"class":583},[44,19124,19125],{"class":587},"sound",[44,19127,633],{"class":583},[44,19129,66],{"class":58},[44,19131,643],{"class":583},[44,19133,19134],{"class":587},"music",[44,19136,633],{"class":583},[44,19138,66],{"class":58},[44,19140,643],{"class":583},[44,19142,19143],{"class":587},"notifications",[44,19145,633],{"class":583},[44,19147,18680],{"class":58},[44,19149,4537],{"class":4471},[44,19151,133],{"class":58},[44,19153,19154,19156,19158,19160],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19155,140],{"class":139},[44,19157,127],{"class":58},[44,19159,14502],{"class":123},[44,19161,133],{"class":58},[1044,19163,19165],{"id":19164},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,19167,19169],{"className":37,"code":19168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19170,19171,19179,19193,19207,19219,19223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19172,19173,19175,19177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19174,14443],{"class":50},[44,19176,55],{"class":54},[44,19178,12109],{"class":58},[44,19180,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19182,12114],{"class":583},[44,19184,19125],{"class":587},[44,19186,633],{"class":583},[44,19188,1598],{"class":58},[44,19190,4537],{"class":4471},[44,19192,12130],{"class":58},[44,19194,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19196,12114],{"class":583},[44,19198,19134],{"class":587},[44,19200,633],{"class":583},[44,19202,1598],{"class":58},[44,19204,4528],{"class":4471},[44,19206,12130],{"class":58},[44,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,19210,12114],{"class":583},[44,19212,19143],{"class":587},[44,19214,633],{"class":583},[44,19216,1598],{"class":58},[44,19218,7040],{"class":4471},[44,19220,19221],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,19222,82],{"class":58},[44,19224,19225,19227,19229,19231],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,19226,140],{"class":139},[44,19228,127],{"class":58},[44,19230,14502],{"class":123},[44,19232,133],{"class":58},[20,19234,19235],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1044,19237,19239],{"id":19238},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,19241,19243],{"className":37,"code":19242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19244,19245,19277,19301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19246,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19248,17861],{"class":50},[44,19250,55],{"class":54},[44,19252,1954],{"class":58},[44,19254,633],{"class":583},[44,19256,176],{"class":587},[44,19258,633],{"class":583},[44,19260,66],{"class":58},[44,19262,643],{"class":583},[44,19264,130],{"class":587},[44,19266,633],{"class":583},[44,19268,66],{"class":58},[44,19270,643],{"class":583},[44,19272,431],{"class":587},[44,19274,633],{"class":583},[44,19276,1967],{"class":58},[44,19278,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19280,9788],{"class":50},[44,19282,55],{"class":54},[44,19284,59],{"class":58},[44,19286,15459],{"class":50},[44,19288,1598],{"class":58},[44,19290,18822],{"class":58},[44,19292,4497],{"class":4496},[44,19294,18827],{"class":50},[44,19296,4503],{"class":4496},[44,19298,18832],{"class":50},[44,19300,82],{"class":58},[44,19302,19303,19305,19307,19309],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19304,140],{"class":139},[44,19306,127],{"class":58},[44,19308,9827],{"class":123},[44,19310,133],{"class":58},[20,19312,19313],{},"Use:",[205,19315,19316,19321,19324],{},[208,19317,19318,19320],{},[15,19319,17837],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[208,19322,19323],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[208,19325,19326],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19328,19329,19330,120],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[176,19331,11356,19332,2544],{"href":14650},[15,19333,15572],{},[30,19335,3454],{"id":3453},[20,19337,15351,19338,120],{},[15,19339,17842],{},[1044,19341,19343],{"id":19342},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,19345,19347],{"className":37,"code":19346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19348,19349,19382,19405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19350,19351,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19352,19353],{"class":50},"d ",[44,19355,55],{"class":54},[44,19357,9793],{"class":548},[44,19359,120],{"class":58},[44,19361,17902],{"class":123},[44,19363,3609],{"class":58},[44,19365,633],{"class":583},[44,19367,176],{"class":587},[44,19369,633],{"class":583},[44,19371,66],{"class":58},[44,19373,643],{"class":583},[44,19375,130],{"class":587},[44,19377,633],{"class":583},[44,19379,18680],{"class":58},[44,19381,18614],{"class":58},[44,19383,19384,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19385,19386],{"class":50},"d",[44,19388,4521],{"class":58},[44,19390,633],{"class":583},[44,19392,176],{"class":587},[44,19394,633],{"class":583},[44,19396,14167],{"class":58},[44,19398,14170],{"class":123},[44,19400,127],{"class":58},[44,19402,63],{"class":62},[44,19404,133],{"class":58},[44,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19408,140],{"class":139},[44,19410,127],{"class":58},[44,19412,19386],{"class":123},[44,19414,133],{"class":58},[20,19416,150],{},[35,19418,19420],{"className":37,"code":19419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19421,19422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19423,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19425,160],{"class":58},[44,19427,590],{"class":583},[44,19429,176],{"class":587},[44,19431,590],{"class":583},[44,19433,1598],{"class":58},[44,19435,1954],{"class":58},[44,19437,63],{"class":62},[44,19439,18680],{"class":58},[44,19441,584],{"class":583},[44,19443,130],{"class":587},[44,19445,590],{"class":583},[44,19447,1598],{"class":58},[44,19449,1954],{"class":58},[44,19451,63],{"class":62},[44,19453,14323],{"class":58},[20,19455,19456],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19458,19459],{},"Use this instead:",[35,19461,19463],{"className":37,"code":19462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19464,19465,19489,19513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19466,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19468,17861],{"class":50},[44,19470,55],{"class":54},[44,19472,1954],{"class":58},[44,19474,633],{"class":583},[44,19476,176],{"class":587},[44,19478,633],{"class":583},[44,19480,66],{"class":58},[44,19482,643],{"class":583},[44,19484,130],{"class":587},[44,19486,633],{"class":583},[44,19488,1967],{"class":58},[44,19490,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19492,19353],{"class":50},[44,19494,55],{"class":54},[44,19496,59],{"class":58},[44,19498,15459],{"class":50},[44,19500,1598],{"class":58},[44,19502,18822],{"class":58},[44,19504,4497],{"class":4496},[44,19506,18827],{"class":50},[44,19508,4503],{"class":4496},[44,19510,18832],{"class":50},[44,19512,82],{"class":58},[44,19514,19515,19517,19519,19521],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19516,140],{"class":139},[44,19518,127],{"class":58},[44,19520,19386],{"class":123},[44,19522,133],{"class":58},[1044,19524,19526,19527,19529],{"id":19525},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19528,17837],{}," on a list",[20,19531,19532],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,19534,19536],{"className":37,"code":19535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19537,19538,19570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19539,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19541,17861],{"class":50},[44,19543,55],{"class":54},[44,19545,1954],{"class":58},[44,19547,633],{"class":583},[44,19549,176],{"class":587},[44,19551,633],{"class":583},[44,19553,66],{"class":58},[44,19555,643],{"class":583},[44,19557,130],{"class":587},[44,19559,633],{"class":583},[44,19561,66],{"class":58},[44,19563,643],{"class":583},[44,19565,431],{"class":587},[44,19567,633],{"class":583},[44,19569,1967],{"class":58},[44,19571,19572],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19573,19574],{"class":1992},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19576,19577,19579,19580,600,19582,120],{},[15,19578,17837],{}," belongs to ",[15,19581,9443],{},[15,19583,8715],{},[20,19585,19586],{},"Correct usage:",[35,19588,19590],{"className":37,"code":19589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19591,19592,19624,19646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19593,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19595,17861],{"class":50},[44,19597,55],{"class":54},[44,19599,1954],{"class":58},[44,19601,633],{"class":583},[44,19603,176],{"class":587},[44,19605,633],{"class":583},[44,19607,66],{"class":58},[44,19609,643],{"class":583},[44,19611,130],{"class":587},[44,19613,633],{"class":583},[44,19615,66],{"class":58},[44,19617,643],{"class":583},[44,19619,431],{"class":587},[44,19621,633],{"class":583},[44,19623,1967],{"class":58},[44,19625,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19627,19353],{"class":50},[44,19629,55],{"class":54},[44,19631,9793],{"class":548},[44,19633,120],{"class":58},[44,19635,17902],{"class":123},[44,19637,127],{"class":58},[44,19639,17542],{"class":123},[44,19641,66],{"class":58},[44,19643,4452],{"class":62},[44,19645,133],{"class":58},[44,19647,19648,19650,19652,19654],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19649,140],{"class":139},[44,19651,127],{"class":58},[44,19653,19386],{"class":123},[44,19655,133],{"class":58},[1044,19657,9075,19659,19661],{"id":19658},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19660,17837],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19663,19664,19666],{},[15,19665,17842],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,19668,19670],{"className":37,"code":19669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19671,19672,19692,19726,19730,19740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19675,12702],{"class":50},[44,19677,55],{"class":54},[44,19679,59],{"class":58},[44,19681,633],{"class":583},[44,19683,2801],{"class":587},[44,19685,633],{"class":583},[44,19687,1598],{"class":58},[44,19689,2212],{"class":62},[44,19691,82],{"class":58},[44,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19695,13655],{"class":50},[44,19697,55],{"class":54},[44,19699,9793],{"class":548},[44,19701,120],{"class":58},[44,19703,17902],{"class":123},[44,19705,3609],{"class":58},[44,19707,633],{"class":583},[44,19709,176],{"class":587},[44,19711,633],{"class":583},[44,19713,66],{"class":58},[44,19715,643],{"class":583},[44,19717,130],{"class":587},[44,19719,633],{"class":583},[44,19721,18680],{"class":58},[44,19723,4452],{"class":62},[44,19725,133],{"class":58},[44,19727,19728],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,19729,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,19731,19732,19734,19736,19738],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,19733,140],{"class":139},[44,19735,127],{"class":58},[44,19737,12749],{"class":123},[44,19739,133],{"class":58},[44,19741,19742,19744,19746,19749],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,19743,140],{"class":139},[44,19745,127],{"class":58},[44,19747,19748],{"class":123},"new_dict",[44,19750,133],{"class":58},[20,19752,150],{},[35,19754,19756],{"className":37,"code":19755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19757,19758,19774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19759,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19761,160],{"class":58},[44,19763,590],{"class":583},[44,19765,2801],{"class":587},[44,19767,590],{"class":583},[44,19769,1598],{"class":58},[44,19771,2212],{"class":62},[44,19773,82],{"class":58},[44,19775,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19777,160],{"class":58},[44,19779,590],{"class":583},[44,19781,176],{"class":587},[44,19783,590],{"class":583},[44,19785,1598],{"class":58},[44,19787,4452],{"class":62},[44,19789,66],{"class":58},[44,19791,584],{"class":583},[44,19793,130],{"class":587},[44,19795,590],{"class":583},[44,19797,1598],{"class":58},[44,19799,4452],{"class":62},[44,19801,82],{"class":58},[20,19803,19804,19805,120],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[176,19806,11356,19807,2544],{"href":14650},[15,19808,15572],{},[1044,19810,19812,19813],{"id":19811},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19814,4398],{},[35,19816,19818],{"className":37,"code":19817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19819,19820,19850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19821,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19823,19353],{"class":50},[44,19825,55],{"class":54},[44,19827,9793],{"class":548},[44,19829,120],{"class":58},[44,19831,17902],{"class":123},[44,19833,3609],{"class":58},[44,19835,633],{"class":583},[44,19837,2801],{"class":587},[44,19839,633],{"class":583},[44,19841,66],{"class":58},[44,19843,643],{"class":583},[44,19845,12361],{"class":587},[44,19847,633],{"class":583},[44,19849,4509],{"class":58},[44,19851,19852,19854,19856,19858],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19853,140],{"class":139},[44,19855,127],{"class":58},[44,19857,19386],{"class":123},[44,19859,133],{"class":58},[20,19861,150],{},[35,19863,19865],{"className":37,"code":19864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19866,19867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19868,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19870,160],{"class":58},[44,19872,590],{"class":583},[44,19874,2801],{"class":587},[44,19876,590],{"class":583},[44,19878,1598],{"class":58},[44,19880,4472],{"class":4471},[44,19882,66],{"class":58},[44,19884,584],{"class":583},[44,19886,12361],{"class":587},[44,19888,590],{"class":583},[44,19890,1598],{"class":58},[44,19892,4472],{"class":4471},[44,19894,82],{"class":58},[20,19896,19897,19898,120],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19899,4398],{},[30,19901,19903],{"id":19902},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19905,19906,19907,19909],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19908,17837],{}," works.",[35,19911,19913],{"className":37,"code":19912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19914,19915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19918,140],{"class":139},[44,19920,127],{"class":58},[44,19922,9443],{"class":548},[44,19924,120],{"class":58},[44,19926,17902],{"class":123},[44,19928,3609],{"class":58},[44,19930,633],{"class":583},[44,19932,176],{"class":587},[44,19934,633],{"class":583},[44,19936,66],{"class":58},[44,19938,643],{"class":583},[44,19940,130],{"class":587},[44,19942,633],{"class":583},[44,19944,18680],{"class":58},[44,19946,4452],{"class":62},[44,19948,556],{"class":58},[35,19950,19951],{"className":37,"code":19817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19952,19953,19983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19954,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19956,19353],{"class":50},[44,19958,55],{"class":54},[44,19960,9793],{"class":548},[44,19962,120],{"class":58},[44,19964,17902],{"class":123},[44,19966,3609],{"class":58},[44,19968,633],{"class":583},[44,19970,2801],{"class":587},[44,19972,633],{"class":583},[44,19974,66],{"class":58},[44,19976,643],{"class":583},[44,19978,12361],{"class":587},[44,19980,633],{"class":583},[44,19982,4509],{"class":58},[44,19984,19985,19987,19989,19991],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,19986,140],{"class":139},[44,19988,127],{"class":58},[44,19990,19386],{"class":123},[44,19992,133],{"class":58},[35,19994,19995],{"className":37,"code":19346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19996,19997,20029,20051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19998,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20000,19353],{"class":50},[44,20002,55],{"class":54},[44,20004,9793],{"class":548},[44,20006,120],{"class":58},[44,20008,17902],{"class":123},[44,20010,3609],{"class":58},[44,20012,633],{"class":583},[44,20014,176],{"class":587},[44,20016,633],{"class":583},[44,20018,66],{"class":58},[44,20020,643],{"class":583},[44,20022,130],{"class":587},[44,20024,633],{"class":583},[44,20026,18680],{"class":58},[44,20028,18614],{"class":58},[44,20030,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20032,19386],{"class":50},[44,20034,4521],{"class":58},[44,20036,633],{"class":583},[44,20038,176],{"class":587},[44,20040,633],{"class":583},[44,20042,14167],{"class":58},[44,20044,14170],{"class":123},[44,20046,127],{"class":58},[44,20048,63],{"class":62},[44,20050,133],{"class":58},[44,20052,20053,20055,20057,20059],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,20054,140],{"class":139},[44,20056,127],{"class":58},[44,20058,19386],{"class":123},[44,20060,133],{"class":58},[35,20062,20064],{"className":37,"code":20063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20065,20066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20067,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20069,140],{"class":139},[44,20071,127],{"class":58},[44,20073,549],{"class":548},[44,20075,127],{"class":58},[44,20077,9443],{"class":548},[44,20079,120],{"class":58},[44,20081,17902],{"class":123},[44,20083,3609],{"class":58},[44,20085,63],{"class":62},[44,20087,66],{"class":58},[44,20089,69],{"class":62},[44,20091,66],{"class":58},[44,20093,74],{"class":62},[44,20095,18680],{"class":58},[44,20097,643],{"class":583},[44,20099,3100],{"class":587},[44,20101,633],{"class":583},[44,20103,2432],{"class":58},[30,20105,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,20107,2482,20109,20111],{"id":20108},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20110,17837],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20113,20114],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1044,20116,20118],{"id":20117},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20120,20121,20122,120],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20123,4398],{},[1044,20125,20127],{"id":20126},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20129,20130],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1044,20132,20134],{"id":20133},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20136,18770],{},[35,20138,20140],{"className":37,"code":20139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20141,20142,20174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20143,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20145,17861],{"class":50},[44,20147,55],{"class":54},[44,20149,1954],{"class":58},[44,20151,633],{"class":583},[44,20153,176],{"class":587},[44,20155,633],{"class":583},[44,20157,66],{"class":58},[44,20159,643],{"class":583},[44,20161,130],{"class":587},[44,20163,633],{"class":583},[44,20165,66],{"class":58},[44,20167,643],{"class":583},[44,20169,431],{"class":587},[44,20171,633],{"class":583},[44,20173,1967],{"class":58},[44,20175,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20177,9788],{"class":50},[44,20179,55],{"class":54},[44,20181,59],{"class":58},[44,20183,15459],{"class":50},[44,20185,1598],{"class":58},[44,20187,18822],{"class":58},[44,20189,4497],{"class":4496},[44,20191,18827],{"class":50},[44,20193,4503],{"class":4496},[44,20195,18832],{"class":50},[44,20197,82],{"class":58},[30,20199,2528],{"id":2527},[205,20201,20202,20206,20210,20214,20220],{},[208,20203,20204],{},[176,20205,11860],{"href":13643},[208,20207,20208],{},[176,20209,9778],{"href":13640},[208,20211,20212],{},[176,20213,11869],{"href":18521},[208,20215,20216],{},[176,20217,11356,20218,2544],{"href":14650},[15,20219,15572],{},[208,20221,20222],{},[176,20223,11356,20224,2544],{"href":15617},[15,20225,13393],{},[20,20227,1296,20228,20230],{},[15,20229,17842],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2554,20232,20233],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":20235},[20236,20237,20239,20243,20244,20246,20251,20253,20260,20269,20270,20277],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":17942,"depth":85,"text":20238},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17986,"depth":85,"text":17987,"children":20240},[20241,20242],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":436,"depth":109,"text":437},{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":18196,"depth":85,"text":20245},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18525,"depth":85,"text":18526,"children":20247},[20248,20249,20250],{"id":18555,"depth":109,"text":18556},{"id":18718,"depth":109,"text":18719},{"id":18766,"depth":109,"text":18767},{"id":18930,"depth":85,"text":20252},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19088,"depth":85,"text":20254,"children":20255},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20256,20258,20259],{"id":19099,"depth":109,"text":20257},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19164,"depth":109,"text":19165},{"id":19238,"depth":109,"text":19239},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":20261},[20262,20263,20265,20267],{"id":19342,"depth":109,"text":19343},{"id":19525,"depth":109,"text":20264},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19658,"depth":109,"text":20266},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19811,"depth":109,"text":20268},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19902,"depth":85,"text":19903},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":20271},[20272,20274,20275,20276],{"id":20108,"depth":109,"text":20273},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20117,"depth":109,"text":20118},{"id":20126,"depth":109,"text":20127},{"id":20133,"depth":109,"text":20134},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17829,"description":20278},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20285,"title":20286,"body":20287,"description":22116,"extension":2593,"meta":22117,"navigation":364,"path":22118,"seo":22119,"stem":22120,"__hash__":22121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20288,"toc":22083},[20289,20294,20300,20311,20441,20448,20453,20457,20473,20475,20573,20576,20593,20597,20599,20604,20642,20645,20663,20665,20783,20788,20792,20808,20811,20947,20950,20955,20961,20964,21001,21004,21008,21013,21089,21093,21098,21180,21182,21198,21203,21207,21213,21282,21285,21302,21305,21387,21393,21396,21416,21420,21425,21431,21437,21508,21511,21517,21520,21594,21601,21607,21615,21625,21627,21722,21728,21733,21820,21826,21828,21832,21854,21857,21952,21955,21986,21999,22001,22009,22015,22021,22024,22030,22035,22042,22047,22049,22080],[10,20290,11936,20292,18],{"id":20291},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20293,11359],{},[20,20295,20296,20297,20299],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20298,11359],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20301,20302,20303,2817,20306,3025,20308,20310],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20304,20305],{},"KeyError",[15,20307,11359],{},[15,20309,4398],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,20312,20314],{"className":37,"code":20313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20315,20316,20352,20356,20382,20407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20317,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20319,13821],{"class":50},[44,20321,55],{"class":54},[44,20323,59],{"class":58},[44,20325,633],{"class":583},[44,20327,8287],{"class":587},[44,20329,633],{"class":583},[44,20331,1598],{"class":58},[44,20333,643],{"class":583},[44,20335,13497],{"class":587},[44,20337,633],{"class":583},[44,20339,66],{"class":58},[44,20341,643],{"class":583},[44,20343,9921],{"class":587},[44,20345,633],{"class":583},[44,20347,1598],{"class":58},[44,20349,9928],{"class":62},[44,20351,82],{"class":58},[44,20353,20354],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20355,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,20357,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,20359,140],{"class":139},[44,20361,127],{"class":58},[44,20363,17926],{"class":123},[44,20365,120],{"class":58},[44,20367,20368],{"class":123},"get",[44,20370,127],{"class":58},[44,20372,633],{"class":583},[44,20374,8287],{"class":587},[44,20376,633],{"class":583},[44,20378,5979],{"class":58},[44,20380,20381],{"class":1992},"           # Ana\n",[44,20383,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,20385,140],{"class":139},[44,20387,127],{"class":58},[44,20389,17926],{"class":123},[44,20391,120],{"class":58},[44,20393,20368],{"class":123},[44,20395,127],{"class":58},[44,20397,633],{"class":583},[44,20399,11029],{"class":587},[44,20401,633],{"class":583},[44,20403,5979],{"class":58},[44,20405,20406],{"class":1992},"           # None\n",[44,20408,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20434,20436,20438],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,20410,140],{"class":139},[44,20412,127],{"class":58},[44,20414,17926],{"class":123},[44,20416,120],{"class":58},[44,20418,20368],{"class":123},[44,20420,127],{"class":58},[44,20422,633],{"class":583},[44,20424,11029],{"class":587},[44,20426,633],{"class":583},[44,20428,66],{"class":58},[44,20430,643],{"class":583},[44,20432,20433],{"class":587},"N\u002FA",[44,20435,633],{"class":583},[44,20437,5979],{"class":58},[44,20439,20440],{"class":1992},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20442,1296,20443,20445,20446,120],{},[15,20444,11359],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20447,20305],{},[30,20449,186,20451,189],{"id":20450},"what-get-does",[15,20452,11359],{},[20,20454,192,20455,12030],{},[15,20456,11359],{},[205,20458,20459,20462,20467,20470],{},[208,20460,20461],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[208,20463,12041,20464,20466],{},[15,20465,4398],{}," if the key does not exist",[208,20468,20469],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[208,20471,20472],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20474,295],{},[35,20476,20478],{"className":37,"code":20477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20479,20480,20519,20523,20548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20501,20503,20505,20507,20510,20512,20514,20517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20483,13480],{"class":50},[44,20485,55],{"class":54},[44,20487,59],{"class":58},[44,20489,633],{"class":583},[44,20491,8287],{"class":587},[44,20493,633],{"class":583},[44,20495,1598],{"class":58},[44,20497,643],{"class":583},[44,20499,20500],{"class":587},"Lina",[44,20502,633],{"class":583},[44,20504,66],{"class":58},[44,20506,643],{"class":583},[44,20508,20509],{"class":587},"grade",[44,20511,633],{"class":583},[44,20513,1598],{"class":58},[44,20515,20516],{"class":62}," 90",[44,20518,82],{"class":58},[44,20520,20521],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20522,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,20524,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,20526,140],{"class":139},[44,20528,127],{"class":58},[44,20530,14243],{"class":123},[44,20532,120],{"class":58},[44,20534,20368],{"class":123},[44,20536,127],{"class":58},[44,20538,633],{"class":583},[44,20540,8287],{"class":587},[44,20542,633],{"class":583},[44,20544,5979],{"class":58},[44,20546,20547],{"class":1992},"     # Lina\n",[44,20549,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,20551,140],{"class":139},[44,20553,127],{"class":58},[44,20555,14243],{"class":123},[44,20557,120],{"class":58},[44,20559,20368],{"class":123},[44,20561,127],{"class":58},[44,20563,633],{"class":583},[44,20565,15877],{"class":587},[44,20567,633],{"class":583},[44,20569,5979],{"class":58},[44,20571,20572],{"class":1992},"    # None\n",[20,20574,20575],{},"In this example:",[205,20577,20578,20583],{},[208,20579,20580,20582],{},[15,20581,15858],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[208,20584,20585,20588,20589,3025,20591],{},[15,20586,20587],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20590,11359],{},[15,20592,4398],{},[20,20594,13637,20595,120],{},[176,20596,9778],{"href":9777},[30,20598,234],{"id":233},[20,20600,20601,20602,1598],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20603,11359],{},[35,20605,20607],{"className":37,"code":20606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20608,20609,20623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20610,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20612,16223],{"class":50},[44,20614,120],{"class":58},[44,20616,20368],{"class":123},[44,20618,127],{"class":58},[44,20620,15459],{"class":123},[44,20622,133],{"class":58},[44,20624,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20640],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20626,16223],{"class":50},[44,20628,120],{"class":58},[44,20630,20368],{"class":123},[44,20632,127],{"class":58},[44,20634,15459],{"class":123},[44,20636,66],{"class":58},[44,20638,20639],{"class":123}," default_value",[44,20641,133],{"class":58},[20,20643,20644],{},"What each part means:",[205,20646,20647,20652,20658],{},[208,20648,20649,20651],{},[15,20650,15459],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[208,20653,20654,20657],{},[15,20655,20656],{},"default_value"," is optional",[208,20659,20660,20661],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20662,4398],{},[20,20664,295],{},[35,20666,20668],{"className":37,"code":20667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20669,20670,20694,20698,20723,20749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20673,14443],{"class":50},[44,20675,55],{"class":54},[44,20677,59],{"class":58},[44,20679,633],{"class":583},[44,20681,13111],{"class":587},[44,20683,633],{"class":583},[44,20685,1598],{"class":58},[44,20687,643],{"class":583},[44,20689,13120],{"class":587},[44,20691,633],{"class":583},[44,20693,82],{"class":58},[44,20695,20696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20697,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,20699,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,20701,140],{"class":139},[44,20703,127],{"class":58},[44,20705,14502],{"class":123},[44,20707,120],{"class":58},[44,20709,20368],{"class":123},[44,20711,127],{"class":58},[44,20713,633],{"class":583},[44,20715,13111],{"class":587},[44,20717,633],{"class":583},[44,20719,5979],{"class":58},[44,20721,20722],{"class":1992},"            # dark\n",[44,20724,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20742,20744,20746],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,20726,140],{"class":139},[44,20728,127],{"class":58},[44,20730,14502],{"class":123},[44,20732,120],{"class":58},[44,20734,20368],{"class":123},[44,20736,127],{"class":58},[44,20738,633],{"class":583},[44,20740,20741],{"class":587},"language",[44,20743,633],{"class":583},[44,20745,5979],{"class":58},[44,20747,20748],{"class":1992},"         # None\n",[44,20750,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20776,20778,20780],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,20752,140],{"class":139},[44,20754,127],{"class":58},[44,20756,14502],{"class":123},[44,20758,120],{"class":58},[44,20760,20368],{"class":123},[44,20762,127],{"class":58},[44,20764,633],{"class":583},[44,20766,20741],{"class":587},[44,20768,633],{"class":583},[44,20770,66],{"class":58},[44,20772,643],{"class":583},[44,20774,20775],{"class":587},"en",[44,20777,633],{"class":583},[44,20779,5979],{"class":58},[44,20781,20782],{"class":1992},"   # en\n",[30,20784,5578,20786],{"id":20785},"when-to-use-get",[15,20787,11359],{},[20,20789,1296,20790,11220],{},[15,20791,11359],{},[205,20793,20794,20797,20802,20805],{},[208,20795,20796],{},"A key might not exist",[208,20798,20799,20800],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20801,20305],{},[208,20803,20804],{},"You are reading optional data",[208,20806,20807],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20809,20810],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20812,20814],{"className":37,"code":20813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20815,20816,20858,20862,20887,20913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20817,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20854,20856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20819,12104],{"class":50},[44,20821,55],{"class":54},[44,20823,59],{"class":58},[44,20825,633],{"class":583},[44,20827,8606],{"class":587},[44,20829,633],{"class":583},[44,20831,1598],{"class":58},[44,20833,643],{"class":583},[44,20835,20836],{"class":587},"sam",[44,20838,633],{"class":583},[44,20840,66],{"class":58},[44,20842,643],{"class":583},[44,20844,15877],{"class":587},[44,20846,633],{"class":583},[44,20848,1598],{"class":58},[44,20850,643],{"class":583},[44,20852,20853],{"class":587},"sam@example.com",[44,20855,633],{"class":583},[44,20857,82],{"class":58},[44,20859,20860],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20861,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,20863,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,20865,140],{"class":139},[44,20867,127],{"class":58},[44,20869,12198],{"class":123},[44,20871,120],{"class":58},[44,20873,20368],{"class":123},[44,20875,127],{"class":58},[44,20877,633],{"class":583},[44,20879,8606],{"class":587},[44,20881,633],{"class":583},[44,20883,5979],{"class":58},[44,20885,20886],{"class":1992},"              # sam\n",[44,20888,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20906,20908,20910],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,20890,140],{"class":139},[44,20892,127],{"class":58},[44,20894,12198],{"class":123},[44,20896,120],{"class":58},[44,20898,20368],{"class":123},[44,20900,127],{"class":58},[44,20902,633],{"class":583},[44,20904,20905],{"class":587},"phone",[44,20907,633],{"class":583},[44,20909,5979],{"class":58},[44,20911,20912],{"class":1992},"                 # None\n",[44,20914,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20940,20942,20944],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,20916,140],{"class":139},[44,20918,127],{"class":58},[44,20920,12198],{"class":123},[44,20922,120],{"class":58},[44,20924,20368],{"class":123},[44,20926,127],{"class":58},[44,20928,633],{"class":583},[44,20930,20905],{"class":587},[44,20932,633],{"class":583},[44,20934,66],{"class":58},[44,20936,643],{"class":583},[44,20938,20939],{"class":587},"Not provided",[44,20941,633],{"class":583},[44,20943,5979],{"class":58},[44,20945,20946],{"class":1992}," # Not provided\n",[20,20948,20949],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20951,20952,20953,120],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[176,20954,17216],{"href":17215},[30,20956,20958,20960],{"id":20957},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20959,11359],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20962,20963],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20965,20967],{"className":37,"code":20966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20968,20969,20983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20970,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20972,9827],{"class":50},[44,20974,4521],{"class":58},[44,20976,633],{"class":583},[44,20978,15459],{"class":587},[44,20980,633],{"class":583},[44,20982,1967],{"class":58},[44,20984,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,20986,9827],{"class":50},[44,20988,120],{"class":58},[44,20990,20368],{"class":123},[44,20992,127],{"class":58},[44,20994,633],{"class":583},[44,20996,15459],{"class":587},[44,20998,633],{"class":583},[44,21000,133],{"class":58},[20,21002,21003],{},"The difference is important.",[1044,21005,21007],{"id":21006},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21009,21010,21011,120],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21012,20305],{},[35,21014,21016],{"className":37,"code":21015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21017,21018,21042,21046,21068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21019,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21021,9788],{"class":50},[44,21023,55],{"class":54},[44,21025,59],{"class":58},[44,21027,633],{"class":583},[44,21029,8287],{"class":587},[44,21031,633],{"class":583},[44,21033,1598],{"class":58},[44,21035,643],{"class":583},[44,21037,13497],{"class":587},[44,21039,633],{"class":583},[44,21041,82],{"class":58},[44,21043,21044],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21045,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21047,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21065],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21049,140],{"class":139},[44,21051,127],{"class":58},[44,21053,9827],{"class":123},[44,21055,4521],{"class":58},[44,21057,633],{"class":583},[44,21059,8287],{"class":587},[44,21061,633],{"class":583},[44,21063,21064],{"class":58},"])",[44,21066,21067],{"class":1992},"   # Ana\n",[44,21069,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21071,140],{"class":139},[44,21073,127],{"class":58},[44,21075,9827],{"class":123},[44,21077,4521],{"class":58},[44,21079,633],{"class":583},[44,21081,11029],{"class":587},[44,21083,633],{"class":583},[44,21085,21064],{"class":58},[44,21087,21088],{"class":1992},"   # KeyError\n",[1044,21090,21091],{"id":20368},[15,21092,11359],{},[20,21094,21095,21097],{},[15,21096,11359],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,21099,21101],{"className":37,"code":21100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21102,21103,21127,21131,21155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21104,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21106,9788],{"class":50},[44,21108,55],{"class":54},[44,21110,59],{"class":58},[44,21112,633],{"class":583},[44,21114,8287],{"class":587},[44,21116,633],{"class":583},[44,21118,1598],{"class":58},[44,21120,643],{"class":583},[44,21122,13497],{"class":587},[44,21124,633],{"class":583},[44,21126,82],{"class":58},[44,21128,21129],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21130,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21132,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21134,140],{"class":139},[44,21136,127],{"class":58},[44,21138,9827],{"class":123},[44,21140,120],{"class":58},[44,21142,20368],{"class":123},[44,21144,127],{"class":58},[44,21146,633],{"class":583},[44,21148,8287],{"class":587},[44,21150,633],{"class":583},[44,21152,5979],{"class":58},[44,21154,21067],{"class":1992},[44,21156,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21158,140],{"class":139},[44,21160,127],{"class":58},[44,21162,9827],{"class":123},[44,21164,120],{"class":58},[44,21166,20368],{"class":123},[44,21168,127],{"class":58},[44,21170,633],{"class":583},[44,21172,11029],{"class":587},[44,21174,633],{"class":583},[44,21176,5979],{"class":58},[44,21178,21179],{"class":1992},"   # None\n",[20,21181,19313],{},[205,21183,21184,21190],{},[208,21185,21186,21187],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[197,21188,21189],{},"must exist",[208,21191,21192,21194,21195],{},[15,21193,11359],{}," when the key is ",[197,21196,21197],{},"optional",[20,21199,21200,21201,120],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[176,21202,11880],{"href":11693},[30,21204,21206],{"id":21205},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21208,21209,21210,21212],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21211,11359],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,21214,21216],{"className":37,"code":21215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21217,21218,21243,21247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21219,21220,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21221,21222],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,21224,55],{"class":54},[44,21226,59],{"class":58},[44,21228,633],{"class":583},[44,21230,8287],{"class":587},[44,21232,633],{"class":583},[44,21234,1598],{"class":58},[44,21236,643],{"class":583},[44,21238,8542],{"class":587},[44,21240,633],{"class":583},[44,21242,82],{"class":58},[44,21244,21245],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21246,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21248,21249,21251,21253,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21275,21277,21279],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21250,140],{"class":139},[44,21252,127],{"class":58},[44,21254,21255],{"class":123},"profile",[44,21257,120],{"class":58},[44,21259,20368],{"class":123},[44,21261,127],{"class":58},[44,21263,633],{"class":583},[44,21265,15880],{"class":587},[44,21267,633],{"class":583},[44,21269,66],{"class":58},[44,21271,643],{"class":583},[44,21273,21274],{"class":587},"Unknown",[44,21276,633],{"class":583},[44,21278,5979],{"class":58},[44,21280,21281],{"class":1992},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21283,21284],{},"This is useful for display text:",[205,21286,21287,21292,21297],{},[208,21288,21289],{},[15,21290,21291],{},"\"Unknown\"",[208,21293,21294],{},[15,21295,21296],{},"\"Not set\"",[208,21298,21299],{},[15,21300,21301],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21303,21304],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,21306,21308],{"className":37,"code":21307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21309,21310,21342,21346,21373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21311,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21313,5681],{"class":50},[44,21315,55],{"class":54},[44,21317,59],{"class":58},[44,21319,633],{"class":583},[44,21321,19035],{"class":587},[44,21323,633],{"class":583},[44,21325,1598],{"class":58},[44,21327,6622],{"class":62},[44,21329,66],{"class":58},[44,21331,643],{"class":583},[44,21333,19044],{"class":587},[44,21335,633],{"class":583},[44,21337,1598],{"class":58},[44,21339,6977],{"class":62},[44,21341,82],{"class":58},[44,21343,21344],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21345,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21347,21348,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21349,21350],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,21352,55],{"class":54},[44,21354,5728],{"class":50},[44,21356,120],{"class":58},[44,21358,20368],{"class":123},[44,21360,127],{"class":58},[44,21362,633],{"class":583},[44,21364,19053],{"class":587},[44,21366,633],{"class":583},[44,21368,66],{"class":58},[44,21370,4452],{"class":62},[44,21372,133],{"class":58},[44,21374,21375,21377,21379,21382,21384],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21376,140],{"class":139},[44,21378,127],{"class":58},[44,21380,21381],{"class":123},"total_history",[44,21383,4281],{"class":58},[44,21385,21386],{"class":1992},"   # 0\n",[20,21388,21389,21390,21392],{},"Here, ",[15,21391,2748],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21394,21395],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[205,21397,21398,21401,21406,21411],{},[208,21399,21400],{},"Use a string for text",[208,21402,1296,21403,21405],{},[15,21404,2748],{}," for numbers",[208,21407,1296,21408,21410],{},[15,21409,4407],{}," for lists if needed",[208,21412,1296,21413,21415],{},[15,21414,603],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,21417,21419],{"id":21418},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21421,21422,21423,120],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21424,11359],{},[1044,21426,21428,21430],{"id":21427},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21429,11359],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21432,21433,21434,21436],{},"This code does ",[197,21435,199],{}," create a new key:",[35,21438,21440],{"className":37,"code":21439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21441,21442,21466,21470,21495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21443,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21445,13821],{"class":50},[44,21447,55],{"class":54},[44,21449,59],{"class":58},[44,21451,633],{"class":583},[44,21453,8287],{"class":587},[44,21455,633],{"class":583},[44,21457,1598],{"class":58},[44,21459,643],{"class":583},[44,21461,13497],{"class":587},[44,21463,633],{"class":583},[44,21465,82],{"class":58},[44,21467,21468],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21469,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21471,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21473,140],{"class":139},[44,21475,127],{"class":58},[44,21477,17926],{"class":123},[44,21479,120],{"class":58},[44,21481,20368],{"class":123},[44,21483,127],{"class":58},[44,21485,633],{"class":583},[44,21487,11029],{"class":587},[44,21489,633],{"class":583},[44,21491,5979],{"class":58},[44,21493,21494],{"class":1992},"  # None\n",[44,21496,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21498,140],{"class":139},[44,21500,127],{"class":58},[44,21502,17926],{"class":123},[44,21504,4281],{"class":58},[44,21506,21507],{"class":1992},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21509,21510],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1044,21512,21514,21516],{"id":21513},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21515,11359],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21518,21519],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,21521,21523],{"className":37,"code":21522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21524,21525,21551,21555,21581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21526,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21538,21540,21542,21544,21547,21549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21528,14443],{"class":50},[44,21530,55],{"class":54},[44,21532,59],{"class":58},[44,21534,633],{"class":583},[44,21536,21537],{"class":587},"mode",[44,21539,633],{"class":583},[44,21541,1598],{"class":58},[44,21543,643],{"class":583},[44,21545,21546],{"class":587},"light",[44,21548,633],{"class":583},[44,21550,82],{"class":58},[44,21552,21553],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21554,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21556,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21558,14502],{"class":50},[44,21560,120],{"class":58},[44,21562,20368],{"class":123},[44,21564,127],{"class":58},[44,21566,633],{"class":583},[44,21568,13111],{"class":587},[44,21570,633],{"class":583},[44,21572,66],{"class":58},[44,21574,643],{"class":583},[44,21576,13120],{"class":587},[44,21578,633],{"class":583},[44,21580,133],{"class":58},[44,21582,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21584,140],{"class":139},[44,21586,127],{"class":58},[44,21588,14502],{"class":123},[44,21590,4281],{"class":58},[44,21592,21593],{"class":1992},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21595,21596,21597,21600],{},"Even though ",[15,21598,21599],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1044,21602,21604,21605],{"id":21603},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21606,4398],{},[20,21608,21609,21610,3025,21612,21614],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21611,11359],{},[15,21613,4398],{}," because:",[205,21616,21617,21620],{},[208,21618,21619],{},"The key is missing, or",[208,21621,21622,21623],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21624,4398],{},[20,21626,295],{},[35,21628,21630],{"className":37,"code":21629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21631,21632,21669,21673,21697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21633,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21661,21663,21665,21667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21635,9788],{"class":50},[44,21637,55],{"class":54},[44,21639,59],{"class":58},[44,21641,633],{"class":583},[44,21643,8287],{"class":587},[44,21645,633],{"class":583},[44,21647,1598],{"class":58},[44,21649,643],{"class":583},[44,21651,13497],{"class":587},[44,21653,633],{"class":583},[44,21655,66],{"class":58},[44,21657,643],{"class":583},[44,21659,21660],{"class":587},"nickname",[44,21662,633],{"class":583},[44,21664,1598],{"class":58},[44,21666,4472],{"class":4471},[44,21668,82],{"class":58},[44,21670,21671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21672,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21674,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21676,140],{"class":139},[44,21678,127],{"class":58},[44,21680,9827],{"class":123},[44,21682,120],{"class":58},[44,21684,20368],{"class":123},[44,21686,127],{"class":58},[44,21688,633],{"class":583},[44,21690,21660],{"class":587},[44,21692,633],{"class":583},[44,21694,5979],{"class":58},[44,21696,21494],{"class":1992},[44,21698,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21700,140],{"class":139},[44,21702,127],{"class":58},[44,21704,9827],{"class":123},[44,21706,120],{"class":58},[44,21708,20368],{"class":123},[44,21710,127],{"class":58},[44,21712,633],{"class":583},[44,21714,11029],{"class":587},[44,21716,633],{"class":583},[44,21718,5979],{"class":58},[44,21720,21721],{"class":1992},"      # None\n",[20,21723,21724,21725,21727],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21726,4398],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21729,21730,21731,1598],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21732,4503],{},[35,21734,21736],{"className":37,"code":21735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21737,21738,21774,21778,21799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21739,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21741,9788],{"class":50},[44,21743,55],{"class":54},[44,21745,59],{"class":58},[44,21747,633],{"class":583},[44,21749,8287],{"class":587},[44,21751,633],{"class":583},[44,21753,1598],{"class":58},[44,21755,643],{"class":583},[44,21757,13497],{"class":587},[44,21759,633],{"class":583},[44,21761,66],{"class":58},[44,21763,643],{"class":583},[44,21765,21660],{"class":587},[44,21767,633],{"class":583},[44,21769,1598],{"class":58},[44,21771,4472],{"class":4471},[44,21773,82],{"class":58},[44,21775,21776],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21777,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,21779,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21793,21795,21797],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21781,140],{"class":139},[44,21783,127],{"class":58},[44,21785,633],{"class":583},[44,21787,21660],{"class":587},[44,21789,633],{"class":583},[44,21791,21792],{"class":4496}," in",[44,21794,15184],{"class":123},[44,21796,4281],{"class":58},[44,21798,4284],{"class":1992},[44,21800,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21802,140],{"class":139},[44,21804,127],{"class":58},[44,21806,633],{"class":583},[44,21808,11029],{"class":587},[44,21810,633],{"class":583},[44,21812,21792],{"class":4496},[44,21814,15184],{"class":123},[44,21816,4281],{"class":58},[44,21818,21819],{"class":1992},"      # False\n",[20,21821,21822,21823,120],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[176,21824,21825],{"href":17772},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21827,3454],{"id":3453},[20,21829,1583,21830,1598],{},[15,21831,11359],{},[205,21833,21834,21839,21846,21851],{},[208,21835,21836,21837],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21838,20305],{},[208,21840,5321,21841,3025,21843,21845],{},[15,21842,11359],{},[15,21844,4398],{}," if no default is provided",[208,21847,5198,21848,21850],{},[15,21849,11359],{}," creates a key automatically",[208,21852,21853],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21855,21856],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21858,21860],{"className":37,"code":21859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21861,21862,21872,21886,21904,21926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21863,21864,21866,21868,21870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21865,140],{"class":139},[44,21867,127],{"class":58},[44,21869,12067],{"class":123},[44,21871,133],{"class":58},[44,21873,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,21875,140],{"class":139},[44,21877,127],{"class":58},[44,21879,12067],{"class":123},[44,21881,120],{"class":58},[44,21883,17542],{"class":123},[44,21885,7812],{"class":58},[44,21887,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,21889,140],{"class":139},[44,21891,127],{"class":58},[44,21893,590],{"class":583},[44,21895,8287],{"class":587},[44,21897,590],{"class":583},[44,21899,21792],{"class":4496},[44,21901,12382],{"class":123},[44,21903,133],{"class":58},[44,21905,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,21907,140],{"class":139},[44,21909,127],{"class":58},[44,21911,12067],{"class":123},[44,21913,120],{"class":58},[44,21915,20368],{"class":123},[44,21917,127],{"class":58},[44,21919,590],{"class":583},[44,21921,8287],{"class":587},[44,21923,590],{"class":583},[44,21925,556],{"class":58},[44,21927,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,21929,140],{"class":139},[44,21931,127],{"class":58},[44,21933,549],{"class":548},[44,21935,127],{"class":58},[44,21937,12067],{"class":123},[44,21939,120],{"class":58},[44,21941,20368],{"class":123},[44,21943,127],{"class":58},[44,21945,590],{"class":583},[44,21947,8287],{"class":587},[44,21949,590],{"class":583},[44,21951,2432],{"class":58},[20,21953,21954],{},"What these checks tell you:",[205,21956,21957,21962,21968,21974,21980],{},[208,21958,21959,21961],{},[15,21960,13296],{}," shows the full dictionary",[208,21963,21964,21967],{},[15,21965,21966],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[208,21969,21970,21973],{},[15,21971,21972],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[208,21975,21976,21979],{},[15,21977,21978],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[208,21981,21982,21985],{},[15,21983,21984],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21987,21988,21989,2495,21994,21998],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[176,21990,21991,21992,2544],{"href":17681},"the dictionary ",[15,21993,17684],{},[176,21995,21991,21996,2544],{"href":17694},[15,21997,17697],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,22000,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,22002,2482,22004,22006,22007,1447],{"id":22003},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22005,11359],{}," raise ",[15,22008,20305],{},[20,22010,22011,22012,22014],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22013,4398],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1044,22016,2482,22018,22020],{"id":22017},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22019,11359],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22022,22023],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1044,22025,22027,22028,1447],{"id":22026},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22029,11359],{},[20,22031,22032,22034],{},[15,22033,4398],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1044,22036,22038,22039,22041],{"id":22037},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,22040,11359],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22043,1296,22044,22046],{},[15,22045,11359],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,22048,2528],{"id":2527},[205,22050,22051,22055,22061,22067,22071,22076],{},[208,22052,22053],{},[176,22054,9778],{"href":9777},[208,22056,22057],{},[176,22058,11356,22059,2544],{"href":17681},[15,22060,17684],{},[208,22062,22063],{},[176,22064,11356,22065,2544],{"href":17694},[15,22066,17697],{},[208,22068,22069],{},[176,22070,17773],{"href":17772},[208,22072,22073],{},[176,22074,22075],{"href":17215},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[208,22077,22078],{},[176,22079,11880],{"href":11693},[2554,22081,22082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":22084},[22085,22087,22088,22090,22095,22096,22104,22105,22115],{"id":20450,"depth":85,"text":22086},"What get() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":20785,"depth":85,"text":22089},"When to use get()",{"id":20957,"depth":85,"text":22091,"children":22092},"get() vs square brackets",[22093,22094],{"id":21006,"depth":109,"text":21007},{"id":20368,"depth":109,"text":11359},{"id":21205,"depth":85,"text":21206},{"id":21418,"depth":85,"text":21419,"children":22097},[22098,22100,22102],{"id":21427,"depth":109,"text":22099},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21513,"depth":109,"text":22101},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21603,"depth":109,"text":22103},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":22106},[22107,22109,22111,22113],{"id":22003,"depth":109,"text":22108},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22017,"depth":109,"text":22110},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22026,"depth":109,"text":22112},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22037,"depth":109,"text":22114},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20286,"description":22116},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22123,"title":22124,"body":22125,"description":24681,"extension":2593,"meta":24682,"navigation":364,"path":24683,"seo":24684,"stem":24685,"__hash__":24686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22126,"toc":24647},[22127,22132,22138,22144,22146,22228,22232,22249,22254,22259,22264,22266,22280,22282,22345,22349,22389,22397,22399,22401,22416,22419,22432,22434,22513,22517,22583,22585,22589,22597,22599,22610,22612,22722,22726,22805,22811,22817,22822,22935,22939,22971,22974,23081,23087,23094,23098,23101,23203,23207,23268,23271,23274,23285,23294,23297,23314,23316,23415,23419,23494,23497,23520,23525,23530,23547,23549,23670,23674,23708,23710,23715,23722,23732,23734,23812,23815,23886,23896,23899,23931,23934,23973,23979,23986,23989,24080,24084,24165,24171,24174,24177,24282,24285,24288,24410,24414,24417,24484,24488,24525,24531,24533,24539,24544,24550,24557,24563,24566,24605,24611,24614,24616,24644],[10,22128,11936,22130,18],{"id":22129},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22131,17697],{},[20,22133,192,22134,22137],{},[15,22135,22136],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22139,22140,22141,22143],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22142,17697],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,22145,2634],{"id":2633},[35,22147,22149],{"className":37,"code":22148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22150,22151,22187,22191,22214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22152,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22154,13821],{"class":50},[44,22156,55],{"class":54},[44,22158,59],{"class":58},[44,22160,633],{"class":583},[44,22162,8287],{"class":587},[44,22164,633],{"class":583},[44,22166,1598],{"class":58},[44,22168,643],{"class":583},[44,22170,13497],{"class":587},[44,22172,633],{"class":583},[44,22174,66],{"class":58},[44,22176,643],{"class":583},[44,22178,9921],{"class":587},[44,22180,633],{"class":583},[44,22182,1598],{"class":58},[44,22184,9928],{"class":62},[44,22186,82],{"class":58},[44,22188,22189],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22190,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22192,22193,22195,22198,22200,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22194,6576],{"class":4496},[44,22196,22197],{"class":50}," key",[44,22199,66],{"class":58},[44,22201,22202],{"class":50}," value ",[44,22204,4503],{"class":4496},[44,22206,13864],{"class":50},[44,22208,120],{"class":58},[44,22210,8430],{"class":123},[44,22212,22213],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,22215,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,22217,8690],{"class":139},[44,22219,127],{"class":58},[44,22221,15459],{"class":123},[44,22223,66],{"class":58},[44,22225,9055],{"class":123},[44,22227,133],{"class":58},[20,22229,22230],{},[197,22231,150],{},[35,22233,22235],{"className":37,"code":22234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22236,22237,22242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22238,22239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22240,22241],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,22243,22244,22247],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22245,22246],{"class":50},"age ",[44,22248,3333],{"class":62},[20,22250,1296,22251,22253],{},[15,22252,17697],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,22255,186,22257,189],{"id":22256},"what-items-does",[15,22258,17697],{},[20,22260,22261,22263],{},[15,22262,17697],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22265,12076],{},[205,22267,22268,22274,22277],{},[208,22269,22270,22271],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22272,22273],{},"(key, value)",[208,22275,22276],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[208,22278,22279],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22281,295],{},[35,22283,22285],{"className":37,"code":22284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22286,22287,22323,22327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22288,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22290,13821],{"class":50},[44,22292,55],{"class":54},[44,22294,59],{"class":58},[44,22296,633],{"class":583},[44,22298,8287],{"class":587},[44,22300,633],{"class":583},[44,22302,1598],{"class":58},[44,22304,643],{"class":583},[44,22306,13497],{"class":587},[44,22308,633],{"class":583},[44,22310,66],{"class":58},[44,22312,643],{"class":583},[44,22314,9921],{"class":587},[44,22316,633],{"class":583},[44,22318,1598],{"class":58},[44,22320,9928],{"class":62},[44,22322,82],{"class":58},[44,22324,22325],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22326,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22328,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22330,140],{"class":139},[44,22332,127],{"class":58},[44,22334,8715],{"class":548},[44,22336,127],{"class":58},[44,22338,17926],{"class":123},[44,22340,120],{"class":58},[44,22342,8430],{"class":123},[44,22344,6907],{"class":58},[20,22346,22347],{},[197,22348,150],{},[35,22350,22352],{"className":37,"code":22351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22353,22354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22355,22356,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22357,22358],{"class":58},"[(",[44,22360,590],{"class":583},[44,22362,8287],{"class":587},[44,22364,590],{"class":583},[44,22366,66],{"class":58},[44,22368,584],{"class":583},[44,22370,13497],{"class":587},[44,22372,590],{"class":583},[44,22374,9856],{"class":58},[44,22376,9859],{"class":58},[44,22378,590],{"class":583},[44,22380,9921],{"class":587},[44,22382,590],{"class":583},[44,22384,66],{"class":58},[44,22386,9928],{"class":62},[44,22388,9872],{"class":58},[20,22390,22391,22392,428,22394,120],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[176,22393,9778],{"href":13640},[176,22395,15643],{"href":22396},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,22398,234],{"id":233},[20,22400,6052],{},[35,22402,22404],{"className":37,"code":22403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22405,22406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22407,22408,22410,22412,22414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22409,12067],{"class":50},[44,22411,120],{"class":58},[44,22413,8430],{"class":123},[44,22415,571],{"class":58},[20,22417,22418],{},"Things to remember:",[205,22420,22421,22426,22429],{},[208,22422,22423,22425],{},[15,22424,17697],{}," does not take any arguments",[208,22427,22428],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[208,22430,22431],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22433,295],{},[35,22435,22437],{"className":37,"code":22436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22438,22439,22471,22475,22489,22493,22503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22440,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22442,5681],{"class":50},[44,22444,55],{"class":54},[44,22446,59],{"class":58},[44,22448,633],{"class":583},[44,22450,5621],{"class":587},[44,22452,633],{"class":583},[44,22454,1598],{"class":58},[44,22456,20516],{"class":62},[44,22458,66],{"class":58},[44,22460,643],{"class":583},[44,22462,5630],{"class":587},[44,22464,633],{"class":583},[44,22466,1598],{"class":58},[44,22468,14124],{"class":62},[44,22470,82],{"class":58},[44,22472,22473],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22474,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22476,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22478,112],{"class":50},[44,22480,55],{"class":54},[44,22482,5728],{"class":50},[44,22484,120],{"class":58},[44,22486,8430],{"class":123},[44,22488,571],{"class":58},[44,22490,22491],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,22492,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22494,22495,22497,22499,22501],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,22496,140],{"class":139},[44,22498,127],{"class":58},[44,22500,145],{"class":123},[44,22502,133],{"class":58},[44,22504,22505,22507,22509,22511],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,22506,140],{"class":139},[44,22508,127],{"class":58},[44,22510,17007],{"class":123},[44,22512,133],{"class":58},[20,22514,22515],{},[197,22516,150],{},[35,22518,22520],{"className":37,"code":22519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22521,22522,22555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22523,22524,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22525,22526],{"class":123},"dict_items",[44,22528,10279],{"class":58},[44,22530,590],{"class":583},[44,22532,5621],{"class":587},[44,22534,590],{"class":583},[44,22536,66],{"class":58},[44,22538,20516],{"class":62},[44,22540,9856],{"class":58},[44,22542,9859],{"class":58},[44,22544,590],{"class":583},[44,22546,5630],{"class":587},[44,22548,590],{"class":583},[44,22550,66],{"class":58},[44,22552,14124],{"class":62},[44,22554,11298],{"class":58},[44,22556,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22558,160],{"class":58},[44,22560,590],{"class":583},[44,22562,5621],{"class":587},[44,22564,590],{"class":583},[44,22566,1598],{"class":58},[44,22568,20516],{"class":62},[44,22570,66],{"class":58},[44,22572,584],{"class":583},[44,22574,5630],{"class":587},[44,22576,590],{"class":583},[44,22578,1598],{"class":58},[44,22580,14124],{"class":62},[44,22582,82],{"class":58},[20,22584,21510],{},[30,22586,22588],{"id":22587},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22590,22591,22593,22594,22596],{},[15,22592,17697],{}," returns a ",[15,22595,22526],{}," view object.",[20,22598,2735],{},[205,22600,22601,22604,22607],{},[208,22602,22603],{},"You can loop over it",[208,22605,22606],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[208,22608,22609],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22611,295],{},[35,22613,22615],{"className":37,"code":22614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22616,22617,22649,22663,22667,22681,22685,22704,22708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22618,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22620,9788],{"class":50},[44,22622,55],{"class":54},[44,22624,59],{"class":58},[44,22626,633],{"class":583},[44,22628,2801],{"class":587},[44,22630,633],{"class":583},[44,22632,1598],{"class":58},[44,22634,2212],{"class":62},[44,22636,66],{"class":58},[44,22638,643],{"class":583},[44,22640,12361],{"class":587},[44,22642,633],{"class":583},[44,22644,1598],{"class":58},[44,22646,69],{"class":62},[44,22648,82],{"class":58},[44,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22652,9838],{"class":50},[44,22654,55],{"class":54},[44,22656,15184],{"class":50},[44,22658,120],{"class":58},[44,22660,8430],{"class":123},[44,22662,571],{"class":58},[44,22664,22665],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22666,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22668,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,22670,140],{"class":139},[44,22672,127],{"class":58},[44,22674,8715],{"class":548},[44,22676,127],{"class":58},[44,22678,9885],{"class":123},[44,22680,556],{"class":58},[44,22682,22683],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,22684,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22686,22687,22689,22691,22693,22696,22698,22700,22702],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,22688,9827],{"class":50},[44,22690,4521],{"class":58},[44,22692,633],{"class":583},[44,22694,22695],{"class":587},"z",[44,22697,633],{"class":583},[44,22699,13890],{"class":58},[44,22701,13893],{"class":54},[44,22703,3202],{"class":62},[44,22705,22706],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,22707,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22709,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,22711,140],{"class":139},[44,22713,127],{"class":58},[44,22715,8715],{"class":548},[44,22717,127],{"class":58},[44,22719,9885],{"class":123},[44,22721,556],{"class":58},[20,22723,22724],{},[197,22725,150],{},[35,22727,22729],{"className":37,"code":22728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22730,22731,22761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22732,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22734,22358],{"class":58},[44,22736,590],{"class":583},[44,22738,2801],{"class":587},[44,22740,590],{"class":583},[44,22742,66],{"class":58},[44,22744,2212],{"class":62},[44,22746,9856],{"class":58},[44,22748,9859],{"class":58},[44,22750,590],{"class":583},[44,22752,12361],{"class":587},[44,22754,590],{"class":583},[44,22756,66],{"class":58},[44,22758,69],{"class":62},[44,22760,9872],{"class":58},[44,22762,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22764,22358],{"class":58},[44,22766,590],{"class":583},[44,22768,2801],{"class":587},[44,22770,590],{"class":583},[44,22772,66],{"class":58},[44,22774,2212],{"class":62},[44,22776,9856],{"class":58},[44,22778,9859],{"class":58},[44,22780,590],{"class":583},[44,22782,12361],{"class":587},[44,22784,590],{"class":583},[44,22786,66],{"class":58},[44,22788,69],{"class":62},[44,22790,9856],{"class":58},[44,22792,9859],{"class":58},[44,22794,590],{"class":583},[44,22796,22695],{"class":587},[44,22798,590],{"class":583},[44,22800,66],{"class":58},[44,22802,74],{"class":62},[44,22804,9872],{"class":58},[20,22806,22807,22808,22810],{},"This happens because ",[15,22809,9885],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22812,22814,22815],{"id":22813},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22816,17697],{},[20,22818,22819,22820,1598],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22821,17697],{},[35,22823,22825],{"className":37,"code":22824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22826,22827,22880,22884,22904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22828,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22830,13480],{"class":50},[44,22832,55],{"class":54},[44,22834,59],{"class":58},[44,22836,633],{"class":583},[44,22838,8287],{"class":587},[44,22840,633],{"class":583},[44,22842,1598],{"class":58},[44,22844,643],{"class":583},[44,22846,8542],{"class":587},[44,22848,633],{"class":583},[44,22850,66],{"class":58},[44,22852,643],{"class":583},[44,22854,20509],{"class":587},[44,22856,633],{"class":583},[44,22858,1598],{"class":58},[44,22860,643],{"class":583},[44,22862,22863],{"class":587},"A",[44,22865,633],{"class":583},[44,22867,66],{"class":58},[44,22869,643],{"class":583},[44,22871,9921],{"class":587},[44,22873,633],{"class":583},[44,22875,1598],{"class":58},[44,22877,14475],{"class":62},[44,22879,82],{"class":58},[44,22881,22882],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22883,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,22885,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22887,6576],{"class":4496},[44,22889,22197],{"class":50},[44,22891,66],{"class":58},[44,22893,22202],{"class":50},[44,22895,4503],{"class":4496},[44,22897,13523],{"class":50},[44,22899,120],{"class":58},[44,22901,8430],{"class":123},[44,22903,22213],{"class":58},[44,22905,22906,22908,22910,22913,22915,22917,22919,22922,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,22907,8690],{"class":139},[44,22909,127],{"class":58},[44,22911,22912],{"class":579},"f",[44,22914,633],{"class":587},[44,22916,160],{"class":62},[44,22918,15459],{"class":123},[44,22920,22921],{"class":62},"}",[44,22923,22924],{"class":587},": ",[44,22926,160],{"class":62},[44,22928,3100],{"class":123},[44,22930,22921],{"class":62},[44,22932,633],{"class":587},[44,22934,133],{"class":58},[20,22936,22937],{},[197,22938,150],{},[35,22940,22942],{"className":37,"code":22941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22943,22944,22953,22962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22945,22946,22948,22950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22947,8287],{"class":50},[44,22949,1598],{"class":58},[44,22951,22952],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22954,22955,22957,22959],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,22956,20509],{"class":50},[44,22958,1598],{"class":58},[44,22960,22961],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22963,22964,22966,22968],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,22965,9921],{"class":50},[44,22967,1598],{"class":58},[44,22969,22970],{"class":62}," 14\n",[20,22972,22973],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22975,22977],{"className":37,"code":22976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22978,22979,23031,23035,23047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22980,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22982,13480],{"class":50},[44,22984,55],{"class":54},[44,22986,59],{"class":58},[44,22988,633],{"class":583},[44,22990,8287],{"class":587},[44,22992,633],{"class":583},[44,22994,1598],{"class":58},[44,22996,643],{"class":583},[44,22998,8542],{"class":587},[44,23000,633],{"class":583},[44,23002,66],{"class":58},[44,23004,643],{"class":583},[44,23006,20509],{"class":587},[44,23008,633],{"class":583},[44,23010,1598],{"class":58},[44,23012,643],{"class":583},[44,23014,22863],{"class":587},[44,23016,633],{"class":583},[44,23018,66],{"class":58},[44,23020,643],{"class":583},[44,23022,9921],{"class":587},[44,23024,633],{"class":583},[44,23026,1598],{"class":58},[44,23028,14475],{"class":62},[44,23030,82],{"class":58},[44,23032,23033],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23034,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23038,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23040,18827],{"class":50},[44,23042,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23044,13523],{"class":50},[44,23046,7011],{"class":58},[44,23048,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23050,8690],{"class":139},[44,23052,127],{"class":58},[44,23054,22912],{"class":579},[44,23056,633],{"class":587},[44,23058,160],{"class":62},[44,23060,15459],{"class":123},[44,23062,22921],{"class":62},[44,23064,22924],{"class":587},[44,23066,160],{"class":62},[44,23068,14243],{"class":123},[44,23070,4521],{"class":58},[44,23072,15459],{"class":123},[44,23074,13890],{"class":58},[44,23076,22921],{"class":62},[44,23078,633],{"class":587},[44,23080,133],{"class":58},[20,23082,7127,23083,23086],{},[15,23084,23085],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23088,23089,23090,120],{},"For a full guide, see ",[176,23091,23093],{"href":23092},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,23095,23097],{"id":23096},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23099,23100],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,23102,23104],{"className":37,"code":23103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23105,23106,23164,23168,23188,23192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23107,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23160,23162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23109,13692],{"class":50},[44,23111,55],{"class":54},[44,23113,59],{"class":58},[44,23115,633],{"class":583},[44,23117,636],{"class":587},[44,23119,633],{"class":583},[44,23121,1598],{"class":58},[44,23123,643],{"class":583},[44,23125,13709],{"class":587},[44,23127,633],{"class":583},[44,23129,66],{"class":58},[44,23131,643],{"class":583},[44,23133,646],{"class":587},[44,23135,633],{"class":583},[44,23137,1598],{"class":58},[44,23139,643],{"class":583},[44,23141,23142],{"class":587},"yellow",[44,23144,633],{"class":583},[44,23146,66],{"class":58},[44,23148,643],{"class":583},[44,23150,689],{"class":587},[44,23152,633],{"class":583},[44,23154,1598],{"class":58},[44,23156,643],{"class":583},[44,23158,23159],{"class":587},"purple",[44,23161,633],{"class":583},[44,23163,82],{"class":58},[44,23165,23166],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23167,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23169,23170,23173,23175,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23171,23172],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,23174,55],{"class":54},[44,23176,23177],{"class":548}," list",[44,23179,127],{"class":58},[44,23181,18120],{"class":123},[44,23183,120],{"class":58},[44,23185,8430],{"class":123},[44,23187,7812],{"class":58},[44,23189,23190],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23191,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23193,23194,23196,23198,23201],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,23195,140],{"class":139},[44,23197,127],{"class":58},[44,23199,23200],{"class":123},"pairs_list",[44,23202,133],{"class":58},[20,23204,23205],{},[197,23206,150],{},[35,23208,23210],{"className":37,"code":23209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23211,23212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23213,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23215,22358],{"class":58},[44,23217,590],{"class":583},[44,23219,636],{"class":587},[44,23221,590],{"class":583},[44,23223,66],{"class":58},[44,23225,584],{"class":583},[44,23227,13709],{"class":587},[44,23229,590],{"class":583},[44,23231,9856],{"class":58},[44,23233,9859],{"class":58},[44,23235,590],{"class":583},[44,23237,646],{"class":587},[44,23239,590],{"class":583},[44,23241,66],{"class":58},[44,23243,584],{"class":583},[44,23245,23142],{"class":587},[44,23247,590],{"class":583},[44,23249,9856],{"class":58},[44,23251,9859],{"class":58},[44,23253,590],{"class":583},[44,23255,689],{"class":587},[44,23257,590],{"class":583},[44,23259,66],{"class":58},[44,23261,584],{"class":583},[44,23263,23159],{"class":587},[44,23265,590],{"class":583},[44,23267,9872],{"class":58},[20,23269,23270],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23272,23273],{},"Use this when:",[205,23275,23276,23279,23282],{},[208,23277,23278],{},"You want clearer printed output",[208,23280,23281],{},"You need list behavior",[208,23283,23284],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,23286,23288,1036,23290,1036,23292],{"id":23287},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23289,17697],{},[15,23291,17684],{},[15,23293,17690],{},[20,23295,23296],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[205,23298,23299,23304,23309],{},[208,23300,23301,23303],{},[15,23302,17697],{}," gives both key and value",[208,23305,23306,23308],{},[15,23307,17684],{}," gives only keys",[208,23310,23311,23313],{},[15,23312,17690],{}," gives only values",[20,23315,295],{},[35,23317,23319],{"className":37,"code":23318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23320,23321,23357,23361,23379,23397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23322,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23324,13821],{"class":50},[44,23326,55],{"class":54},[44,23328,59],{"class":58},[44,23330,633],{"class":583},[44,23332,8287],{"class":587},[44,23334,633],{"class":583},[44,23336,1598],{"class":58},[44,23338,643],{"class":583},[44,23340,13497],{"class":587},[44,23342,633],{"class":583},[44,23344,66],{"class":58},[44,23346,643],{"class":583},[44,23348,9921],{"class":587},[44,23350,633],{"class":583},[44,23352,1598],{"class":58},[44,23354,9928],{"class":62},[44,23356,82],{"class":58},[44,23358,23359],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23360,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23362,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23364,140],{"class":139},[44,23366,127],{"class":58},[44,23368,8715],{"class":548},[44,23370,127],{"class":58},[44,23372,17926],{"class":123},[44,23374,120],{"class":58},[44,23376,17542],{"class":123},[44,23378,6907],{"class":58},[44,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23382,140],{"class":139},[44,23384,127],{"class":58},[44,23386,8715],{"class":548},[44,23388,127],{"class":58},[44,23390,17926],{"class":123},[44,23392,120],{"class":58},[44,23394,5976],{"class":123},[44,23396,6907],{"class":58},[44,23398,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,23400,140],{"class":139},[44,23402,127],{"class":58},[44,23404,8715],{"class":548},[44,23406,127],{"class":58},[44,23408,17926],{"class":123},[44,23410,120],{"class":58},[44,23412,8430],{"class":123},[44,23414,6907],{"class":58},[20,23416,23417],{},[197,23418,150],{},[35,23420,23422],{"className":37,"code":23421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23423,23424,23444,23460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23425,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23427,4521],{"class":58},[44,23429,590],{"class":583},[44,23431,8287],{"class":587},[44,23433,590],{"class":583},[44,23435,66],{"class":58},[44,23437,584],{"class":583},[44,23439,9921],{"class":587},[44,23441,590],{"class":583},[44,23443,1967],{"class":58},[44,23445,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23447,4521],{"class":58},[44,23449,590],{"class":583},[44,23451,13497],{"class":587},[44,23453,590],{"class":583},[44,23455,66],{"class":58},[44,23457,9928],{"class":62},[44,23459,1967],{"class":58},[44,23461,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23463,22358],{"class":58},[44,23465,590],{"class":583},[44,23467,8287],{"class":587},[44,23469,590],{"class":583},[44,23471,66],{"class":58},[44,23473,584],{"class":583},[44,23475,13497],{"class":587},[44,23477,590],{"class":583},[44,23479,9856],{"class":58},[44,23481,9859],{"class":58},[44,23483,590],{"class":583},[44,23485,9921],{"class":587},[44,23487,590],{"class":583},[44,23489,66],{"class":58},[44,23491,9928],{"class":62},[44,23493,9872],{"class":58},[20,23495,23496],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[205,23498,23499,23507,23515],{},[208,23500,23501,23502],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[176,23503,23505],{"href":23504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23506,17684],{},[208,23508,23509,23510],{},"Need just values? Use ",[176,23511,23513],{"href":23512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23514,17690],{},[208,23516,23517,23518],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23519,17697],{},[30,23521,5578,23523],{"id":23522},"when-to-use-items",[15,23524,17697],{},[20,23526,23527,23529],{},[15,23528,17697],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[205,23531,23532,23535,23538,23541,23544],{},[208,23533,23534],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[208,23536,23537],{},"Building formatted output",[208,23539,23540],{},"Looping through settings and values",[208,23542,23543],{},"Showing names with scores",[208,23545,23546],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23548,295],{},[35,23550,23552],{"className":37,"code":23551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23553,23554,23562,23580,23599,23611,23615,23619,23640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23555,23556,23558,23560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23557,14443],{"class":50},[44,23559,55],{"class":54},[44,23561,12109],{"class":58},[44,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23565,12114],{"class":583},[44,23567,13111],{"class":587},[44,23569,633],{"class":583},[44,23571,1598],{"class":58},[44,23573,643],{"class":583},[44,23575,13120],{"class":587},[44,23577,633],{"class":583},[44,23579,12130],{"class":58},[44,23581,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23595,23597],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23583,12114],{"class":583},[44,23585,20741],{"class":587},[44,23587,633],{"class":583},[44,23589,1598],{"class":58},[44,23591,643],{"class":583},[44,23593,23594],{"class":587},"English",[44,23596,633],{"class":583},[44,23598,12130],{"class":58},[44,23600,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23602,12114],{"class":583},[44,23604,19143],{"class":587},[44,23606,633],{"class":583},[44,23608,1598],{"class":58},[44,23610,7040],{"class":4471},[44,23612,23613],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,23614,82],{"class":58},[44,23616,23617],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,23618,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23620,23621,23623,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,23622,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23624,23625],{"class":50}," setting",[44,23627,66],{"class":58},[44,23629,22202],{"class":50},[44,23631,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23633,14487],{"class":50},[44,23635,120],{"class":58},[44,23637,8430],{"class":123},[44,23639,22213],{"class":58},[44,23641,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23655,23657,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,23643,8690],{"class":139},[44,23645,127],{"class":58},[44,23647,22912],{"class":579},[44,23649,633],{"class":587},[44,23651,160],{"class":62},[44,23653,23654],{"class":123},"setting",[44,23656,22921],{"class":62},[44,23658,23659],{"class":587}," = ",[44,23661,160],{"class":62},[44,23663,3100],{"class":123},[44,23665,22921],{"class":62},[44,23667,633],{"class":587},[44,23669,133],{"class":58},[20,23671,23672],{},[197,23673,150],{},[35,23675,23677],{"className":37,"code":23676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23678,23679,23689,23699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23680,23681,23684,23686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23682,23683],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,23685,55],{"class":54},[44,23687,23688],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,23690,23691,23694,23696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23692,23693],{"class":50},"language ",[44,23695,55],{"class":54},[44,23697,23698],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,23700,23701,23704,23706],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23702,23703],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,23705,55],{"class":54},[44,23707,7040],{"class":4471},[30,23709,3454],{"id":3453},[20,23711,23712,23713,120],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23714,17697],{},[1044,23716,23718,23719,23721],{"id":23717},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23720,17697],{}," incorrectly",[20,23723,23724,23725,23727,23728,23731],{},"Each result from ",[15,23726,17697],{}," has ",[197,23729,23730],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23733,7305],{},[35,23735,23736],{"className":37,"code":22148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,23737,23738,23774,23778,23798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23739,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23741,13821],{"class":50},[44,23743,55],{"class":54},[44,23745,59],{"class":58},[44,23747,633],{"class":583},[44,23749,8287],{"class":587},[44,23751,633],{"class":583},[44,23753,1598],{"class":58},[44,23755,643],{"class":583},[44,23757,13497],{"class":587},[44,23759,633],{"class":583},[44,23761,66],{"class":58},[44,23763,643],{"class":583},[44,23765,9921],{"class":587},[44,23767,633],{"class":583},[44,23769,1598],{"class":58},[44,23771,9928],{"class":62},[44,23773,82],{"class":58},[44,23775,23776],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23777,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23779,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23781,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23783,22197],{"class":50},[44,23785,66],{"class":58},[44,23787,22202],{"class":50},[44,23789,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23791,13864],{"class":50},[44,23793,120],{"class":58},[44,23795,8430],{"class":123},[44,23797,22213],{"class":58},[44,23799,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23801,8690],{"class":139},[44,23803,127],{"class":58},[44,23805,15459],{"class":123},[44,23807,66],{"class":58},[44,23809,9055],{"class":123},[44,23811,133],{"class":58},[20,23813,23814],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23816,23818],{"className":37,"code":23817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23819,23820,23856,23860,23876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23821,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23823,13821],{"class":50},[44,23825,55],{"class":54},[44,23827,59],{"class":58},[44,23829,633],{"class":583},[44,23831,8287],{"class":587},[44,23833,633],{"class":583},[44,23835,1598],{"class":58},[44,23837,643],{"class":583},[44,23839,13497],{"class":587},[44,23841,633],{"class":583},[44,23843,66],{"class":58},[44,23845,643],{"class":583},[44,23847,9921],{"class":587},[44,23849,633],{"class":583},[44,23851,1598],{"class":58},[44,23853,9928],{"class":62},[44,23855,82],{"class":58},[44,23857,23858],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23859,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,23861,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,23863,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23865,18827],{"class":50},[44,23867,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23869,13864],{"class":50},[44,23871,120],{"class":58},[44,23873,8430],{"class":123},[44,23875,22213],{"class":58},[44,23877,23878,23880,23882,23884],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,23879,8690],{"class":139},[44,23881,127],{"class":58},[44,23883,15459],{"class":123},[44,23885,133],{"class":58},[20,23887,23888,23889,23891,23892,23895],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23890,15459],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23893,23894],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23897,23898],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23900,23902],{"className":37,"code":23901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23903,23904,23920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23905,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23907,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23909,6579],{"class":50},[44,23911,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23913,13864],{"class":50},[44,23915,120],{"class":58},[44,23917,8430],{"class":123},[44,23919,22213],{"class":58},[44,23921,23922,23924,23926,23929],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23923,8690],{"class":139},[44,23925,127],{"class":58},[44,23927,23928],{"class":123},"item",[44,23930,133],{"class":58},[20,23932,23933],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23935,23937],{"className":37,"code":23936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23938,23939,23959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23940,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23942,6576],{"class":4496},[44,23944,22197],{"class":50},[44,23946,66],{"class":58},[44,23948,22202],{"class":50},[44,23950,4503],{"class":4496},[44,23952,13864],{"class":50},[44,23954,120],{"class":58},[44,23956,8430],{"class":123},[44,23958,22213],{"class":58},[44,23960,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,23962,8690],{"class":139},[44,23964,127],{"class":58},[44,23966,15459],{"class":123},[44,23968,66],{"class":58},[44,23970,9055],{"class":123},[44,23972,133],{"class":58},[1044,23974,9075,23976,23978],{"id":23975},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23977,17697],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23980,23981,22593,23983,23985],{},[15,23982,17697],{},[15,23984,22526],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23987,23988],{},"Check it:",[35,23990,23992],{"className":37,"code":23991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23993,23994,24026,24030,24044,24062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23995,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23997,12340],{"class":50},[44,23999,55],{"class":54},[44,24001,59],{"class":58},[44,24003,633],{"class":583},[44,24005,176],{"class":587},[44,24007,633],{"class":583},[44,24009,1598],{"class":58},[44,24011,2212],{"class":62},[44,24013,66],{"class":58},[44,24015,643],{"class":583},[44,24017,130],{"class":587},[44,24019,633],{"class":583},[44,24021,1598],{"class":58},[44,24023,69],{"class":62},[44,24025,82],{"class":58},[44,24027,24028],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24029,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24031,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24033,140],{"class":139},[44,24035,127],{"class":58},[44,24037,12067],{"class":123},[44,24039,120],{"class":58},[44,24041,8430],{"class":123},[44,24043,7812],{"class":58},[44,24045,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24047,140],{"class":139},[44,24049,127],{"class":58},[44,24051,549],{"class":548},[44,24053,127],{"class":58},[44,24055,12067],{"class":123},[44,24057,120],{"class":58},[44,24059,8430],{"class":123},[44,24061,6907],{"class":58},[44,24063,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,24065,140],{"class":139},[44,24067,127],{"class":58},[44,24069,8715],{"class":548},[44,24071,127],{"class":58},[44,24073,12067],{"class":123},[44,24075,120],{"class":58},[44,24077,8430],{"class":123},[44,24079,6907],{"class":58},[20,24081,24082],{},[197,24083,150],{},[35,24085,24087],{"className":37,"code":24086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24088,24089,24121,24135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24090,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24092,22526],{"class":123},[44,24094,10279],{"class":58},[44,24096,590],{"class":583},[44,24098,176],{"class":587},[44,24100,590],{"class":583},[44,24102,66],{"class":58},[44,24104,2212],{"class":62},[44,24106,9856],{"class":58},[44,24108,9859],{"class":58},[44,24110,590],{"class":583},[44,24112,130],{"class":587},[44,24114,590],{"class":583},[44,24116,66],{"class":58},[44,24118,69],{"class":62},[44,24120,11298],{"class":58},[44,24122,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24124,576],{"class":54},[44,24126,580],{"class":579},[44,24128,584],{"class":583},[44,24130,22526],{"class":587},[44,24132,590],{"class":583},[44,24134,593],{"class":54},[44,24136,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24138,22358],{"class":58},[44,24140,590],{"class":583},[44,24142,176],{"class":587},[44,24144,590],{"class":583},[44,24146,66],{"class":58},[44,24148,2212],{"class":62},[44,24150,9856],{"class":58},[44,24152,9859],{"class":58},[44,24154,590],{"class":583},[44,24156,130],{"class":587},[44,24158,590],{"class":583},[44,24160,66],{"class":58},[44,24162,69],{"class":62},[44,24164,9872],{"class":58},[1044,24166,24168,24169],{"id":24167},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24170,17697],{},[20,24172,24173],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24175,24176],{},"Problem example:",[35,24178,24180],{"className":37,"code":24179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24181,24182,24226,24230,24250,24262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24183,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24185,884],{"class":50},[44,24187,55],{"class":54},[44,24189,59],{"class":58},[44,24191,633],{"class":583},[44,24193,176],{"class":587},[44,24195,633],{"class":583},[44,24197,1598],{"class":58},[44,24199,2212],{"class":62},[44,24201,66],{"class":58},[44,24203,643],{"class":583},[44,24205,130],{"class":587},[44,24207,633],{"class":583},[44,24209,1598],{"class":58},[44,24211,69],{"class":62},[44,24213,66],{"class":58},[44,24215,643],{"class":583},[44,24217,431],{"class":587},[44,24219,633],{"class":583},[44,24221,1598],{"class":58},[44,24223,74],{"class":62},[44,24225,82],{"class":58},[44,24227,24228],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24229,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24231,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24233,6576],{"class":4496},[44,24235,22197],{"class":50},[44,24237,66],{"class":58},[44,24239,22202],{"class":50},[44,24241,4503],{"class":4496},[44,24243,975],{"class":50},[44,24245,120],{"class":58},[44,24247,8430],{"class":123},[44,24249,22213],{"class":58},[44,24251,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24253,7016],{"class":4496},[44,24255,22202],{"class":50},[44,24257,5305],{"class":54},[44,24259,69],{"class":62},[44,24261,7011],{"class":58},[44,24263,24264,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,24265,24266],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,24268,4521],{"class":58},[44,24270,633],{"class":583},[44,24272,19386],{"class":587},[44,24274,633],{"class":583},[44,24276,13890],{"class":58},[44,24278,13893],{"class":54},[44,24280,24281],{"class":62}," 4\n",[20,24283,24284],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24286,24287],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,24289,24291],{"className":37,"code":24290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24292,24293,24337,24341,24366,24378,24396,24400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24294,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24296,884],{"class":50},[44,24298,55],{"class":54},[44,24300,59],{"class":58},[44,24302,633],{"class":583},[44,24304,176],{"class":587},[44,24306,633],{"class":583},[44,24308,1598],{"class":58},[44,24310,2212],{"class":62},[44,24312,66],{"class":58},[44,24314,643],{"class":583},[44,24316,130],{"class":587},[44,24318,633],{"class":583},[44,24320,1598],{"class":58},[44,24322,69],{"class":62},[44,24324,66],{"class":58},[44,24326,643],{"class":583},[44,24328,431],{"class":587},[44,24330,633],{"class":583},[44,24332,1598],{"class":58},[44,24334,74],{"class":62},[44,24336,82],{"class":58},[44,24338,24339],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24340,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24342,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24344,6576],{"class":4496},[44,24346,22197],{"class":50},[44,24348,66],{"class":58},[44,24350,22202],{"class":50},[44,24352,4503],{"class":4496},[44,24354,23177],{"class":548},[44,24356,127],{"class":58},[44,24358,4268],{"class":123},[44,24360,120],{"class":58},[44,24362,8430],{"class":123},[44,24364,24365],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,24367,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24369,7016],{"class":4496},[44,24371,22202],{"class":50},[44,24373,5305],{"class":54},[44,24375,69],{"class":62},[44,24377,7011],{"class":58},[44,24379,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,24381,24266],{"class":50},[44,24383,4521],{"class":58},[44,24385,633],{"class":583},[44,24387,19386],{"class":587},[44,24389,633],{"class":583},[44,24391,13890],{"class":58},[44,24393,13893],{"class":54},[44,24395,24281],{"class":62},[44,24397,24398],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,24399,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24401,24402,24404,24406,24408],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,24403,140],{"class":139},[44,24405,127],{"class":58},[44,24407,4268],{"class":123},[44,24409,133],{"class":58},[1044,24411,24413],{"id":24412},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24415,24416],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,24418,24420],{"className":37,"code":24419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24421,24422,24454,24458,24474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24423,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24425,9788],{"class":50},[44,24427,55],{"class":54},[44,24429,59],{"class":58},[44,24431,633],{"class":583},[44,24433,2801],{"class":587},[44,24435,633],{"class":583},[44,24437,1598],{"class":58},[44,24439,6622],{"class":62},[44,24441,66],{"class":58},[44,24443,643],{"class":583},[44,24445,12361],{"class":587},[44,24447,633],{"class":583},[44,24449,1598],{"class":58},[44,24451,8410],{"class":62},[44,24453,82],{"class":58},[44,24455,24456],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24457,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24459,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24461,6576],{"class":4496},[44,24463,6579],{"class":50},[44,24465,4503],{"class":4496},[44,24467,15184],{"class":50},[44,24469,120],{"class":58},[44,24471,8430],{"class":123},[44,24473,22213],{"class":58},[44,24475,24476,24478,24480,24482],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24477,8690],{"class":139},[44,24479,127],{"class":58},[44,24481,23928],{"class":123},[44,24483,133],{"class":58},[20,24485,24486],{},[197,24487,150],{},[35,24489,24491],{"className":37,"code":24490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24492,24493,24509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24494,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24496,127],{"class":58},[44,24498,590],{"class":583},[44,24500,2801],{"class":587},[44,24502,590],{"class":583},[44,24504,66],{"class":58},[44,24506,6622],{"class":62},[44,24508,133],{"class":58},[44,24510,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24512,127],{"class":58},[44,24514,590],{"class":583},[44,24516,12361],{"class":587},[44,24518,590],{"class":583},[44,24520,66],{"class":58},[44,24522,8410],{"class":62},[44,24524,133],{"class":58},[20,24526,24527,24528,24530],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24529,22273],{}," pair.",[30,24532,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,24534,24536,24537,5763],{"id":24535},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24538,17697],{},[20,24540,18039,24541,24543],{},[15,24542,22526],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1044,24545,2482,24547,24549],{"id":24546},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24548,17697],{}," return a list?",[20,24551,24552,24553,24556],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24554,24555],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1044,24558,24560,24561,1447],{"id":24559},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24562,17697],{},[20,24564,24565],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,24567,24569],{"className":37,"code":24568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24570,24571,24591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24572,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24574,6576],{"class":4496},[44,24576,22197],{"class":50},[44,24578,66],{"class":58},[44,24580,22202],{"class":50},[44,24582,4503],{"class":4496},[44,24584,12382],{"class":50},[44,24586,120],{"class":58},[44,24588,8430],{"class":123},[44,24590,22213],{"class":58},[44,24592,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24594,8690],{"class":139},[44,24596,127],{"class":58},[44,24598,15459],{"class":123},[44,24600,66],{"class":58},[44,24602,9055],{"class":123},[44,24604,133],{"class":58},[1044,24606,2482,24608,24610],{"id":24607},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24609,17697],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24612,24613],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,24615,2528],{"id":2527},[205,24617,24618,24624,24630,24635,24639],{},[208,24619,24620],{},[176,24621,11356,24622,2544],{"href":23504},[15,24623,17684],{},[208,24625,24626],{},[176,24627,11356,24628,2544],{"href":23512},[15,24629,17690],{},[208,24631,24632],{},[176,24633,24634],{"href":23092},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[208,24636,24637],{},[176,24638,9778],{"href":13640},[208,24640,24641],{},[176,24642,24643],{"href":22396},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2554,24645,24646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":24648},[24649,24650,24652,24653,24654,24656,24657,24659,24661,24670,24680],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":22256,"depth":85,"text":24651},"What items() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":22587,"depth":85,"text":22588},{"id":22813,"depth":85,"text":24655},"Looping with items()",{"id":23096,"depth":85,"text":23097},{"id":23287,"depth":85,"text":24658},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23522,"depth":85,"text":24660},"When to use items()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":24662},[24663,24665,24667,24669],{"id":23717,"depth":109,"text":24664},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23975,"depth":109,"text":24666},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24167,"depth":109,"text":24668},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24412,"depth":109,"text":24413},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":24671},[24672,24674,24676,24678],{"id":24535,"depth":109,"text":24673},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24546,"depth":109,"text":24675},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24559,"depth":109,"text":24677},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24607,"depth":109,"text":24679},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22124,"description":24681},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24688,"title":24689,"body":24690,"description":26781,"extension":2593,"meta":26782,"navigation":364,"path":23504,"seo":26783,"stem":26784,"__hash__":26785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24691,"toc":26747},[24692,24697,24703,24706,24717,24724,24726,24809,24813,24860,24865,24870,24875,24877,24893,24895,24994,24998,25055,25058,25060,25063,25156,25160,25223,25226,25242,25247,25249,25251,25266,25268,25279,25281,25324,25327,25371,25374,25376,25383,25386,25403,25405,25498,25502,25543,25555,25559,25562,25650,25654,25674,25677,25704,25711,25716,25720,25731,25733,25837,25841,25867,25870,25937,25942,25945,25968,25973,25977,25982,25988,25993,25995,26050,26054,26081,26088,26094,26097,26122,26128,26154,26157,26232,26239,26244,26246,26285,26303,26307,26310,26353,26356,26358,26377,26379,26384,26409,26412,26482,26485,26558,26562,26564,26625,26628,26644,26646,26651,26656,26663,26672,26678,26684,26691,26697,26701,26706,26708,26744],[10,24693,11936,24695,18],{"id":24694},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24696,17684],{},[20,24698,24699,24700,24702],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24701,17684],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24704,24705],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[205,24707,24708,24711,24714],{},[208,24709,24710],{},"view the available keys",[208,24712,24713],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[208,24715,24716],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24718,24719,24721,24722,120],{},[15,24720,17684],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24723,17633],{},[30,24725,2634],{"id":2633},[35,24727,24729],{"className":37,"code":24728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24730,24731,24767,24781,24785,24795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24734,13480],{"class":50},[44,24736,55],{"class":54},[44,24738,59],{"class":58},[44,24740,633],{"class":583},[44,24742,8287],{"class":587},[44,24744,633],{"class":583},[44,24746,1598],{"class":58},[44,24748,643],{"class":583},[44,24750,13497],{"class":587},[44,24752,633],{"class":583},[44,24754,66],{"class":58},[44,24756,643],{"class":583},[44,24758,9921],{"class":587},[44,24760,633],{"class":583},[44,24762,1598],{"class":58},[44,24764,8410],{"class":62},[44,24766,82],{"class":58},[44,24768,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24770,17861],{"class":50},[44,24772,55],{"class":54},[44,24774,13523],{"class":50},[44,24776,120],{"class":58},[44,24778,17542],{"class":123},[44,24780,571],{"class":58},[44,24782,24783],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24784,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24786,24787,24789,24791,24793],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24788,140],{"class":139},[44,24790,127],{"class":58},[44,24792,17542],{"class":123},[44,24794,133],{"class":58},[44,24796,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,24798,140],{"class":139},[44,24800,127],{"class":58},[44,24802,8715],{"class":548},[44,24804,127],{"class":58},[44,24806,17542],{"class":123},[44,24808,556],{"class":58},[20,24810,24811],{},[197,24812,150],{},[35,24814,24816],{"className":37,"code":24815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24817,24818,24840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24819,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24821,17633],{"class":123},[44,24823,3609],{"class":58},[44,24825,590],{"class":583},[44,24827,8287],{"class":587},[44,24829,590],{"class":583},[44,24831,66],{"class":58},[44,24833,584],{"class":583},[44,24835,9921],{"class":587},[44,24837,590],{"class":583},[44,24839,4509],{"class":58},[44,24841,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24843,4521],{"class":58},[44,24845,590],{"class":583},[44,24847,8287],{"class":587},[44,24849,590],{"class":583},[44,24851,66],{"class":58},[44,24853,584],{"class":583},[44,24855,9921],{"class":587},[44,24857,590],{"class":583},[44,24859,1967],{"class":58},[20,24861,1296,24862,24864],{},[15,24863,17684],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24866,186,24868,189],{"id":24867},"what-keys-does",[15,24869,17684],{},[20,24871,24872,24874],{},[15,24873,17684],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24876,12076],{},[205,24878,24879,24882,24885,24890],{},[208,24880,24881],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[208,24883,24884],{},"It does not need any arguments",[208,24886,18039,24887,24889],{},[15,24888,17633],{}," view object, not a list",[208,24891,24892],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24894,295],{},[35,24896,24898],{"className":37,"code":24897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24899,24900,24936,24940,24954,24958,24980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24901,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24903,13821],{"class":50},[44,24905,55],{"class":54},[44,24907,59],{"class":58},[44,24909,633],{"class":583},[44,24911,8287],{"class":587},[44,24913,633],{"class":583},[44,24915,1598],{"class":58},[44,24917,643],{"class":583},[44,24919,13838],{"class":587},[44,24921,633],{"class":583},[44,24923,66],{"class":58},[44,24925,643],{"class":583},[44,24927,9921],{"class":587},[44,24929,633],{"class":583},[44,24931,1598],{"class":58},[44,24933,9928],{"class":62},[44,24935,82],{"class":58},[44,24937,24938],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,24939,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24941,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,24943,140],{"class":139},[44,24945,127],{"class":58},[44,24947,17926],{"class":123},[44,24949,120],{"class":58},[44,24951,17542],{"class":123},[44,24953,7812],{"class":58},[44,24955,24956],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,24957,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,24959,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,24961,17926],{"class":50},[44,24963,4521],{"class":58},[44,24965,633],{"class":583},[44,24967,11029],{"class":587},[44,24969,633],{"class":583},[44,24971,13890],{"class":58},[44,24973,13893],{"class":54},[44,24975,643],{"class":583},[44,24977,11036],{"class":587},[44,24979,3979],{"class":583},[44,24981,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,24983,140],{"class":139},[44,24985,127],{"class":58},[44,24987,17926],{"class":123},[44,24989,120],{"class":58},[44,24991,17542],{"class":123},[44,24993,7812],{"class":58},[20,24995,24996],{},[197,24997,150],{},[35,24999,25001],{"className":37,"code":25000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,25002,25003,25025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25004,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25006,17633],{"class":123},[44,25008,3609],{"class":58},[44,25010,590],{"class":583},[44,25012,8287],{"class":587},[44,25014,590],{"class":583},[44,25016,66],{"class":58},[44,25018,584],{"class":583},[44,25020,9921],{"class":587},[44,25022,590],{"class":583},[44,25024,4509],{"class":58},[44,25026,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25028,17633],{"class":123},[44,25030,3609],{"class":58},[44,25032,590],{"class":583},[44,25034,8287],{"class":587},[44,25036,590],{"class":583},[44,25038,66],{"class":58},[44,25040,584],{"class":583},[44,25042,9921],{"class":587},[44,25044,590],{"class":583},[44,25046,66],{"class":58},[44,25048,584],{"class":583},[44,25050,11029],{"class":587},[44,25052,590],{"class":583},[44,25054,4509],{"class":58},[20,25056,25057],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,25059,6405],{"id":6404},[20,25061,25062],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,25064,25066],{"className":37,"code":25065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,25067,25068,25120,25124,25138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25069,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25071,9788],{"class":50},[44,25073,55],{"class":54},[44,25075,59],{"class":58},[44,25077,633],{"class":583},[44,25079,8287],{"class":587},[44,25081,633],{"class":583},[44,25083,1598],{"class":58},[44,25085,643],{"class":583},[44,25087,13497],{"class":587},[44,25089,633],{"class":583},[44,25091,66],{"class":58},[44,25093,643],{"class":583},[44,25095,9921],{"class":587},[44,25097,633],{"class":583},[44,25099,1598],{"class":58},[44,25101,8410],{"class":62},[44,25103,66],{"class":58},[44,25105,643],{"class":583},[44,25107,20509],{"class":587},[44,25109,633],{"class":583},[44,25111,1598],{"class":58},[44,25113,643],{"class":583},[44,25115,22863],{"class":587},[44,25117,633],{"class":583},[44,25119,82],{"class":58},[44,25121,25122],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25123,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25125,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25127,140],{"class":139},[44,25129,127],{"class":58},[44,25131,9827],{"class":123},[44,25133,120],{"class":58},[44,25135,17542],{"class":123},[44,25137,7812],{"class":58},[44,25139,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,25141,140],{"class":139},[44,25143,127],{"class":58},[44,25145,8715],{"class":548},[44,25147,127],{"class":58},[44,25149,9827],{"class":123},[44,25151,120],{"class":58},[44,25153,17542],{"class":123},[44,25155,6907],{"class":58},[20,25157,25158],{},[197,25159,150],{},[35,25161,25163],{"className":37,"code":25162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25164,25165,25195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25166,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25168,17633],{"class":123},[44,25170,3609],{"class":58},[44,25172,590],{"class":583},[44,25174,8287],{"class":587},[44,25176,590],{"class":583},[44,25178,66],{"class":58},[44,25180,584],{"class":583},[44,25182,9921],{"class":587},[44,25184,590],{"class":583},[44,25186,66],{"class":58},[44,25188,584],{"class":583},[44,25190,20509],{"class":587},[44,25192,590],{"class":583},[44,25194,4509],{"class":58},[44,25196,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25198,4521],{"class":58},[44,25200,590],{"class":583},[44,25202,8287],{"class":587},[44,25204,590],{"class":583},[44,25206,66],{"class":58},[44,25208,584],{"class":583},[44,25210,9921],{"class":587},[44,25212,590],{"class":583},[44,25214,66],{"class":58},[44,25216,584],{"class":583},[44,25218,20509],{"class":587},[44,25220,590],{"class":583},[44,25222,1967],{"class":58},[20,25224,25225],{},"This shows two things:",[205,25227,25228,25236],{},[208,25229,25230,22593,25233,25235],{},[15,25231,25232],{},"data.keys()",[15,25234,17633],{}," object",[208,25237,25238,25241],{},[15,25239,25240],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25243,9774,25244,120],{},[176,25245,25246],{"href":10012},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,25248,6049],{"id":6048},[20,25250,2787],{},[35,25252,25254],{"className":37,"code":25253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25255,25256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25257,25258,25260,25262,25264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25259,12067],{"class":50},[44,25261,120],{"class":58},[44,25263,17542],{"class":123},[44,25265,571],{"class":58},[20,25267,22418],{},[205,25269,25270,25273,25276],{},[208,25271,25272],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[208,25274,25275],{},"It takes no parameters",[208,25277,25278],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25280,17274],{},[35,25282,25284],{"className":37,"code":25283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25285,25286,25310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25287,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25289,13480],{"class":50},[44,25291,55],{"class":54},[44,25293,59],{"class":58},[44,25295,633],{"class":583},[44,25297,8287],{"class":587},[44,25299,633],{"class":583},[44,25301,1598],{"class":58},[44,25303,643],{"class":583},[44,25305,13497],{"class":587},[44,25307,633],{"class":583},[44,25309,82],{"class":58},[44,25311,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25313,140],{"class":139},[44,25315,127],{"class":58},[44,25317,14243],{"class":123},[44,25319,120],{"class":58},[44,25321,17542],{"class":123},[44,25323,7812],{"class":58},[20,25325,25326],{},"Incorrect:",[35,25328,25330],{"className":37,"code":25329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25331,25332,25356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25333,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25335,13480],{"class":50},[44,25337,55],{"class":54},[44,25339,59],{"class":58},[44,25341,633],{"class":583},[44,25343,8287],{"class":587},[44,25345,633],{"class":583},[44,25347,1598],{"class":58},[44,25349,643],{"class":583},[44,25351,13497],{"class":587},[44,25353,633],{"class":583},[44,25355,82],{"class":58},[44,25357,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25369],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25359,140],{"class":139},[44,25361,127],{"class":58},[44,25363,14243],{"class":123},[44,25365,120],{"class":58},[44,25367,17542],{"class":25368},"skxfh",[44,25370,133],{"class":58},[20,25372,25373],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,25375,437],{"id":436},[20,25377,25378,22593,25380,25382],{},[15,25379,17684],{},[15,25381,17633],{}," object.",[20,25384,25385],{},"This object:",[205,25387,25388,25391,25394,25400],{},[208,25389,25390],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[208,25392,25393],{},"can be used in a loop",[208,25395,25396,25397],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25398,25399],{},"list()",[208,25401,25402],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25404,295],{},[35,25406,25408],{"className":37,"code":25407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25409,25410,25451,25455,25470,25474,25484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25411,25412,25415,25417,25419,25421,25424,25426,25428,25430,25433,25435,25437,25439,25442,25444,25446,25449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25413,25414],{"class":50},"car ",[44,25416,55],{"class":54},[44,25418,59],{"class":58},[44,25420,633],{"class":583},[44,25422,25423],{"class":587},"brand",[44,25425,633],{"class":583},[44,25427,1598],{"class":58},[44,25429,643],{"class":583},[44,25431,25432],{"class":587},"Toyota",[44,25434,633],{"class":583},[44,25436,66],{"class":58},[44,25438,643],{"class":583},[44,25440,25441],{"class":587},"year",[44,25443,633],{"class":583},[44,25445,1598],{"class":58},[44,25447,25448],{"class":62}," 2020",[44,25450,82],{"class":58},[44,25452,25453],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25454,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25456,25457,25459,25461,25464,25466,25468],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25458,112],{"class":50},[44,25460,55],{"class":54},[44,25462,25463],{"class":50}," car",[44,25465,120],{"class":58},[44,25467,17542],{"class":123},[44,25469,571],{"class":58},[44,25471,25472],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,25473,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25475,25476,25478,25480,25482],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,25477,140],{"class":139},[44,25479,127],{"class":58},[44,25481,145],{"class":123},[44,25483,133],{"class":58},[44,25485,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,25487,140],{"class":139},[44,25489,127],{"class":58},[44,25491,549],{"class":548},[44,25493,127],{"class":58},[44,25495,145],{"class":123},[44,25497,556],{"class":58},[20,25499,25500],{},[197,25501,150],{},[35,25503,25505],{"className":37,"code":25504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25506,25507,25529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25508,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25510,17633],{"class":123},[44,25512,3609],{"class":58},[44,25514,590],{"class":583},[44,25516,25423],{"class":587},[44,25518,590],{"class":583},[44,25520,66],{"class":58},[44,25522,584],{"class":583},[44,25524,25441],{"class":587},[44,25526,590],{"class":583},[44,25528,4509],{"class":58},[44,25530,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25532,576],{"class":54},[44,25534,580],{"class":579},[44,25536,584],{"class":583},[44,25538,17633],{"class":587},[44,25540,590],{"class":583},[44,25542,593],{"class":54},[20,25544,25545,25546,25550,25551,120],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[176,25547,11356,25548,2544],{"href":17687},[15,25549,17690],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[176,25552,11356,25553,2544],{"href":17694},[15,25554,17697],{},[30,25556,25558],{"id":25557},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25560,25561],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,25563,25565],{"className":37,"code":25564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25566,25567,25620,25624,25640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25568,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25616,25618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25570,13480],{"class":50},[44,25572,55],{"class":54},[44,25574,59],{"class":58},[44,25576,633],{"class":583},[44,25578,8287],{"class":587},[44,25580,633],{"class":583},[44,25582,1598],{"class":58},[44,25584,643],{"class":583},[44,25586,13497],{"class":587},[44,25588,633],{"class":583},[44,25590,66],{"class":58},[44,25592,643],{"class":583},[44,25594,9921],{"class":587},[44,25596,633],{"class":583},[44,25598,1598],{"class":58},[44,25600,8410],{"class":62},[44,25602,66],{"class":58},[44,25604,643],{"class":583},[44,25606,15947],{"class":587},[44,25608,633],{"class":583},[44,25610,1598],{"class":58},[44,25612,643],{"class":583},[44,25614,25615],{"class":587},"Math",[44,25617,633],{"class":583},[44,25619,82],{"class":58},[44,25621,25622],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25623,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25625,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25627,6576],{"class":4496},[44,25629,18827],{"class":50},[44,25631,4503],{"class":4496},[44,25633,13523],{"class":50},[44,25635,120],{"class":58},[44,25637,17542],{"class":123},[44,25639,22213],{"class":58},[44,25641,25642,25644,25646,25648],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,25643,8690],{"class":139},[44,25645,127],{"class":58},[44,25647,15459],{"class":123},[44,25649,133],{"class":58},[20,25651,25652],{},[197,25653,150],{},[35,25655,25657],{"className":37,"code":25656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25658,25659,25664,25669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25660,25661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25662,25663],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,25665,25666],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25667,25668],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,25670,25671],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25672,25673],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,25675,25676],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,25678,25680],{"className":37,"code":25679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25681,25682,25694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25683,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25685,6576],{"class":4496},[44,25687,18827],{"class":50},[44,25689,4503],{"class":4496},[44,25691,13523],{"class":50},[44,25693,7011],{"class":58},[44,25695,25696,25698,25700,25702],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25697,8690],{"class":139},[44,25699,127],{"class":58},[44,25701,15459],{"class":123},[44,25703,133],{"class":58},[20,25705,25706,25707,25710],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25708,25709],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,25712,5578,25714],{"id":25713},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25715,17684],{},[20,25717,1296,25718,11220],{},[15,25719,17684],{},[205,25721,25722,25725,25728],{},[208,25723,25724],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[208,25726,25727],{},"you want to display available fields",[208,25729,25730],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25732,295],{},[35,25734,25736],{"className":37,"code":25735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25737,25738,25791,25795,25810,25827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25739,25740,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25760,25762,25764,25766,25769,25771,25773,25776,25778,25780,25783,25785,25787,25789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25741,25742],{"class":50},"product ",[44,25744,55],{"class":54},[44,25746,59],{"class":58},[44,25748,633],{"class":583},[44,25750,8287],{"class":587},[44,25752,633],{"class":583},[44,25754,1598],{"class":58},[44,25756,643],{"class":583},[44,25758,25759],{"class":587},"Book",[44,25761,633],{"class":583},[44,25763,66],{"class":58},[44,25765,643],{"class":583},[44,25767,25768],{"class":587},"price",[44,25770,633],{"class":583},[44,25772,1598],{"class":58},[44,25774,25775],{"class":62}," 12.99",[44,25777,66],{"class":58},[44,25779,643],{"class":583},[44,25781,25782],{"class":587},"stock",[44,25784,633],{"class":583},[44,25786,1598],{"class":58},[44,25788,104],{"class":62},[44,25790,82],{"class":58},[44,25792,25793],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25794,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25796,25797,25799,25801,25803,25806,25808],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25798,140],{"class":139},[44,25800,127],{"class":58},[44,25802,633],{"class":583},[44,25804,25805],{"class":587},"Available fields:",[44,25807,633],{"class":583},[44,25809,133],{"class":58},[44,25811,25812,25814,25816,25818,25821,25823,25825],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,25813,6576],{"class":4496},[44,25815,18827],{"class":50},[44,25817,4503],{"class":4496},[44,25819,25820],{"class":50}," product",[44,25822,120],{"class":58},[44,25824,17542],{"class":123},[44,25826,22213],{"class":58},[44,25828,25829,25831,25833,25835],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,25830,8690],{"class":139},[44,25832,127],{"class":58},[44,25834,15459],{"class":123},[44,25836,133],{"class":58},[20,25838,25839],{},[197,25840,150],{},[35,25842,25844],{"className":37,"code":25843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25845,25846,25853,25857,25862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25847,25848,25851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25849,25850],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25852,7011],{"class":58},[44,25854,25855],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25856,25663],{"class":50},[44,25858,25859],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25860,25861],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25863,25864],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,25865,25866],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25868,25869],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25871,25873],{"className":37,"code":25872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25874,25875,25911,25915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25876,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25878,25742],{"class":50},[44,25880,55],{"class":54},[44,25882,59],{"class":58},[44,25884,633],{"class":583},[44,25886,8287],{"class":587},[44,25888,633],{"class":583},[44,25890,1598],{"class":58},[44,25892,643],{"class":583},[44,25894,25759],{"class":587},[44,25896,633],{"class":583},[44,25898,66],{"class":58},[44,25900,643],{"class":583},[44,25902,25768],{"class":587},[44,25904,633],{"class":583},[44,25906,1598],{"class":58},[44,25908,25775],{"class":62},[44,25910,82],{"class":58},[44,25912,25913],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,25914,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,25916,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,25918,140],{"class":139},[44,25920,127],{"class":58},[44,25922,633],{"class":583},[44,25924,8287],{"class":587},[44,25926,633],{"class":583},[44,25928,21792],{"class":4496},[44,25930,25820],{"class":123},[44,25932,120],{"class":58},[44,25934,17542],{"class":123},[44,25936,7812],{"class":58},[20,25938,25939,25940,120],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25941,4226],{},[20,25943,25944],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25946,25948],{"className":37,"code":25947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25949,25950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25951,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25953,140],{"class":139},[44,25955,127],{"class":58},[44,25957,633],{"class":583},[44,25959,8287],{"class":587},[44,25961,633],{"class":583},[44,25963,21792],{"class":4496},[44,25965,25820],{"class":123},[44,25967,133],{"class":58},[20,25969,25970,25971,120],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[176,25972,21825],{"href":17772},[30,25974,25976],{"id":25975},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25978,25979,25980,120],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25981,17684],{},[1044,25983,9075,25985,25987],{"id":25984},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25986,17684],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25989,25990,25992],{},[15,25991,17684],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25994,295],{},[35,25996,25998],{"className":37,"code":25997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25999,26000,26036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26001,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26003,9788],{"class":50},[44,26005,55],{"class":54},[44,26007,59],{"class":58},[44,26009,633],{"class":583},[44,26011,8287],{"class":587},[44,26013,633],{"class":583},[44,26015,1598],{"class":58},[44,26017,643],{"class":583},[44,26019,13497],{"class":587},[44,26021,633],{"class":583},[44,26023,66],{"class":58},[44,26025,643],{"class":583},[44,26027,9921],{"class":587},[44,26029,633],{"class":583},[44,26031,1598],{"class":58},[44,26033,8410],{"class":62},[44,26035,82],{"class":58},[44,26037,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26039,140],{"class":139},[44,26041,127],{"class":58},[44,26043,9827],{"class":123},[44,26045,120],{"class":58},[44,26047,17542],{"class":123},[44,26049,7812],{"class":58},[20,26051,26052],{},[197,26053,150],{},[35,26055,26057],{"className":37,"code":26056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,26058,26059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26060,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26062,17633],{"class":123},[44,26064,3609],{"class":58},[44,26066,590],{"class":583},[44,26068,8287],{"class":587},[44,26070,590],{"class":583},[44,26072,66],{"class":58},[44,26074,584],{"class":583},[44,26076,9921],{"class":587},[44,26078,590],{"class":583},[44,26080,4509],{"class":58},[20,26082,26083,26084,120],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[176,26085,26086],{"href":17694},[15,26087,17697],{},[1044,26089,26091,26092],{"id":26090},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26093,17633],{},[20,26095,26096],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,26098,26100],{"className":37,"code":26099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26101,26102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26103,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26105,4521],{"class":58},[44,26107,590],{"class":583},[44,26109,8287],{"class":587},[44,26111,590],{"class":583},[44,26113,66],{"class":58},[44,26115,584],{"class":583},[44,26117,9921],{"class":587},[44,26119,590],{"class":583},[44,26121,1967],{"class":58},[20,26123,26124,26125,26127],{},"But ",[15,26126,17684],{}," returns:",[35,26129,26130],{"className":37,"code":26056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,26131,26132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26133,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26135,17633],{"class":123},[44,26137,3609],{"class":58},[44,26139,590],{"class":583},[44,26141,8287],{"class":587},[44,26143,590],{"class":583},[44,26145,66],{"class":58},[44,26147,584],{"class":583},[44,26149,9921],{"class":587},[44,26151,590],{"class":583},[44,26153,4509],{"class":58},[20,26155,26156],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,26158,26160],{"className":37,"code":26159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26161,26162,26198,26217,26221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26163,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26165,9788],{"class":50},[44,26167,55],{"class":54},[44,26169,59],{"class":58},[44,26171,633],{"class":583},[44,26173,8287],{"class":587},[44,26175,633],{"class":583},[44,26177,1598],{"class":58},[44,26179,643],{"class":583},[44,26181,13497],{"class":587},[44,26183,633],{"class":583},[44,26185,66],{"class":58},[44,26187,643],{"class":583},[44,26189,9921],{"class":587},[44,26191,633],{"class":583},[44,26193,1598],{"class":58},[44,26195,8410],{"class":62},[44,26197,82],{"class":58},[44,26199,26200,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26201,26202],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,26204,55],{"class":54},[44,26206,23177],{"class":548},[44,26208,127],{"class":58},[44,26210,9827],{"class":123},[44,26212,120],{"class":58},[44,26214,17542],{"class":123},[44,26216,7812],{"class":58},[44,26218,26219],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,26220,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,26222,26223,26225,26227,26230],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,26224,140],{"class":139},[44,26226,127],{"class":58},[44,26228,26229],{"class":123},"key_list",[44,26231,133],{"class":58},[1044,26233,26235,26236,26238],{"id":26234},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26237,17684],{}," on a list or string",[20,26240,26241,26243],{},[15,26242,17684],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26245,3461],{},[35,26247,26249],{"className":37,"code":26248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26250,26251,26271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26252,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26254,884],{"class":50},[44,26256,55],{"class":54},[44,26258,1954],{"class":58},[44,26260,63],{"class":62},[44,26262,66],{"class":58},[44,26264,69],{"class":62},[44,26266,66],{"class":58},[44,26268,74],{"class":62},[44,26270,1967],{"class":58},[44,26272,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26274,140],{"class":139},[44,26276,127],{"class":58},[44,26278,4268],{"class":123},[44,26280,120],{"class":58},[44,26282,17542],{"class":123},[44,26284,7812],{"class":58},[20,26286,26287,26288,26291,26292,26294,26295,120],{},"You may get an ",[15,26289,26290],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26293,17684],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[176,26296,26298,26299,26302],{"href":26297},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26300,26301],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1044,26304,26306],{"id":26305},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26308,26309],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,26311,26313],{"className":37,"code":26312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26314,26315,26339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26316,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26318,9788],{"class":50},[44,26320,55],{"class":54},[44,26322,59],{"class":58},[44,26324,633],{"class":583},[44,26326,8287],{"class":587},[44,26328,633],{"class":583},[44,26330,1598],{"class":58},[44,26332,643],{"class":583},[44,26334,13497],{"class":587},[44,26336,633],{"class":583},[44,26338,82],{"class":58},[44,26340,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26342,140],{"class":139},[44,26344,127],{"class":58},[44,26346,9827],{"class":123},[44,26348,120],{"class":58},[44,26350,17542],{"class":25368},[44,26352,133],{"class":58},[20,26354,26355],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26357,19313],{},[35,26359,26361],{"className":37,"code":26360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26362,26363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26364,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26366,140],{"class":139},[44,26368,127],{"class":58},[44,26370,9827],{"class":123},[44,26372,120],{"class":58},[44,26374,17542],{"class":123},[44,26376,7812],{"class":58},[30,26378,3454],{"id":3453},[20,26380,26381,26382,1598],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26383,17684],{},[205,26385,26386,26391,26397,26403],{},[208,26387,863,26388,26390],{},[15,26389,17684],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[208,26392,26393,26394,26396],{},"Thinking ",[15,26395,17684],{}," returns values too",[208,26398,26399,26400,26402],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26401,17633],{}," like a normal list",[208,26404,26405,26406,26408],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26407,17633],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26410,26411],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,26413,26415],{"className":37,"code":26414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26416,26417,26449,26463,26467,26477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26418,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26420,9788],{"class":50},[44,26422,55],{"class":54},[44,26424,59],{"class":58},[44,26426,633],{"class":583},[44,26428,176],{"class":587},[44,26430,633],{"class":583},[44,26432,1598],{"class":58},[44,26434,2212],{"class":62},[44,26436,66],{"class":58},[44,26438,643],{"class":583},[44,26440,130],{"class":587},[44,26442,633],{"class":583},[44,26444,1598],{"class":58},[44,26446,69],{"class":62},[44,26448,82],{"class":58},[44,26450,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26452,17861],{"class":50},[44,26454,55],{"class":54},[44,26456,15184],{"class":50},[44,26458,120],{"class":58},[44,26460,17542],{"class":123},[44,26462,571],{"class":58},[44,26464,26465],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,26466,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,26468,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,26470,140],{"class":139},[44,26472,127],{"class":58},[44,26474,17542],{"class":123},[44,26476,133],{"class":58},[44,26478,26479],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,26480,26481],{"class":1992},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26483,26484],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,26486,26488],{"className":37,"code":26487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26489,26490,26522,26540,26544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26491,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26493,9788],{"class":50},[44,26495,55],{"class":54},[44,26497,59],{"class":58},[44,26499,633],{"class":583},[44,26501,176],{"class":587},[44,26503,633],{"class":583},[44,26505,1598],{"class":58},[44,26507,2212],{"class":62},[44,26509,66],{"class":58},[44,26511,643],{"class":583},[44,26513,130],{"class":587},[44,26515,633],{"class":583},[44,26517,1598],{"class":58},[44,26519,69],{"class":62},[44,26521,82],{"class":58},[44,26523,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26525,17861],{"class":50},[44,26527,55],{"class":54},[44,26529,23177],{"class":548},[44,26531,127],{"class":58},[44,26533,9827],{"class":123},[44,26535,120],{"class":58},[44,26537,17542],{"class":123},[44,26539,7812],{"class":58},[44,26541,26542],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,26543,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,26545,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,26547,140],{"class":139},[44,26549,127],{"class":58},[44,26551,17542],{"class":123},[44,26553,4521],{"class":58},[44,26555,2748],{"class":62},[44,26557,4509],{"class":58},[30,26559,26561],{"id":26560},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26563,11732],{},[35,26565,26567],{"className":37,"code":26566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26568,26569,26583,26593,26607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26570,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26572,140],{"class":139},[44,26574,127],{"class":58},[44,26576,549],{"class":548},[44,26578,127],{"class":58},[44,26580,12067],{"class":123},[44,26582,556],{"class":58},[44,26584,26585,26587,26589,26591],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26586,140],{"class":139},[44,26588,127],{"class":58},[44,26590,12067],{"class":123},[44,26592,133],{"class":58},[44,26594,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,26596,140],{"class":139},[44,26598,127],{"class":58},[44,26600,12067],{"class":123},[44,26602,120],{"class":58},[44,26604,17542],{"class":123},[44,26606,7812],{"class":58},[44,26608,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,26610,140],{"class":139},[44,26612,127],{"class":58},[44,26614,8715],{"class":548},[44,26616,127],{"class":58},[44,26618,12067],{"class":123},[44,26620,120],{"class":58},[44,26622,17542],{"class":123},[44,26624,6907],{"class":58},[20,26626,26627],{},"These help you confirm:",[205,26629,26630,26633,26636,26641],{},[208,26631,26632],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[208,26634,26635],{},"what data it contains",[208,26637,26638,26639,12321],{},"what ",[15,26640,17684],{},[208,26642,26643],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,26645,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,26647,24536,26649,5763],{"id":26648},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26650,17684],{},[20,26652,18039,26653,26655],{},[15,26654,17633],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1044,26657,15521,26659,26662],{"id":26658},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26660,26661],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26664,26665,26666,26668,26669,120],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26667,17633],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26670,26671],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1044,26673,26675,26676,1447],{"id":26674},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26677,26661],{},[20,26679,26680,26681,26683],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26682,6576],{}," loop.",[1044,26685,26687,26688,26690],{"id":26686},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26689,17684],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26692,26693,26694,26696],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26695,17684],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1044,26698,26700],{"id":26699},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26702,1296,26703,120],{},[15,26704,26705],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,26707,2528],{"id":2527},[205,26709,26710,26715,26721,26727,26733,26737],{},[208,26711,26712],{},[176,26713,26714],{"href":10012},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[208,26716,26717],{},[176,26718,11356,26719,2544],{"href":17687},[15,26720,17690],{},[208,26722,26723],{},[176,26724,11356,26725,2544],{"href":17694},[15,26726,17697],{},[208,26728,26729],{},[176,26730,26732],{"href":26731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[208,26734,26735],{},[176,26736,17773],{"href":17772},[208,26738,26739],{},[176,26740,26741,26742,26302],{"href":26297},"How to fix ",[15,26743,26301],{},[2554,26745,26746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":26748},[26749,26750,26752,26753,26754,26755,26756,26758,26767,26768,26769,26780],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":24867,"depth":85,"text":26751},"What keys() does",{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":25557,"depth":85,"text":25558},{"id":25713,"depth":85,"text":26757},"When to use keys()",{"id":25975,"depth":85,"text":25976,"children":26759},[26760,26762,26764,26766],{"id":25984,"depth":109,"text":26761},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26090,"depth":109,"text":26763},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26234,"depth":109,"text":26765},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26305,"depth":109,"text":26306},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":26560,"depth":85,"text":26561},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":26770},[26771,26773,26775,26777,26779],{"id":26648,"depth":109,"text":26772},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26658,"depth":109,"text":26774},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26674,"depth":109,"text":26776},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26686,"depth":109,"text":26778},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26699,"depth":109,"text":26700},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24689,"description":26781},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26787,"title":26788,"body":26789,"description":29061,"extension":2593,"meta":29062,"navigation":364,"path":29063,"seo":29064,"stem":29065,"__hash__":29066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26790,"toc":29014},[26791,26796,26801,26804,26806,26952,26965,26970,26974,26988,26990,27093,27102,27104,27107,27145,27170,27172,27279,27281,27288,27291,27299,27301,27442,27450,27455,27459,27470,27472,27634,27637,27645,27652,27658,27755,27761,27838,27841,27853,27858,27864,27867,27871,27960,27963,27967,28071,28078,28165,28174,28176,28181,28187,28190,28236,28239,28305,28314,28320,28413,28419,28425,28468,28471,28536,28542,28634,28637,28641,28647,28672,28675,28771,28778,28780,28785,28876,28878,28906,28911,28913,28920,28923,28927,28937,28942,28945,28951,28961,28968,28976,28978,29011],[10,26792,11936,26794,18],{"id":26793},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26795,13379],{},[20,26797,26798,26800],{},[15,26799,13186],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26802,26803],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,26805,33],{"id":32},[35,26807,26809],{"className":37,"code":26808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26810,26811,26847,26871,26885,26898,26902,26907,26939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26812,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26814,13821],{"class":50},[44,26816,55],{"class":54},[44,26818,59],{"class":58},[44,26820,633],{"class":583},[44,26822,8287],{"class":587},[44,26824,633],{"class":583},[44,26826,1598],{"class":58},[44,26828,643],{"class":583},[44,26830,13497],{"class":587},[44,26832,633],{"class":583},[44,26834,66],{"class":58},[44,26836,643],{"class":583},[44,26838,9921],{"class":587},[44,26840,633],{"class":583},[44,26842,1598],{"class":58},[44,26844,9928],{"class":62},[44,26846,82],{"class":58},[44,26848,26849,26852,26854,26856,26858,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,26850,26851],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,26853,55],{"class":54},[44,26855,13864],{"class":50},[44,26857,120],{"class":58},[44,26859,26860],{"class":123},"pop",[44,26862,127],{"class":58},[44,26864,633],{"class":583},[44,26866,9921],{"class":587},[44,26868,633],{"class":583},[44,26870,133],{"class":58},[44,26872,26873,26875,26877,26880,26882],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,26874,140],{"class":139},[44,26876,127],{"class":58},[44,26878,26879],{"class":123},"removed_age",[44,26881,4281],{"class":58},[44,26883,26884],{"class":1992},"   # 25\n",[44,26886,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,26888,140],{"class":139},[44,26890,127],{"class":58},[44,26892,17926],{"class":123},[44,26894,4281],{"class":58},[44,26896,26897],{"class":1992},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26899,26900],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,26901,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,26903,26904],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,26905,26906],{"class":1992},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,26908,26909,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26935,26937],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,26910,26911],{"class":50},"country ",[44,26913,55],{"class":54},[44,26915,13864],{"class":50},[44,26917,120],{"class":58},[44,26919,26860],{"class":123},[44,26921,127],{"class":58},[44,26923,633],{"class":583},[44,26925,15880],{"class":587},[44,26927,633],{"class":583},[44,26929,66],{"class":58},[44,26931,643],{"class":583},[44,26933,26934],{"class":587},"Not found",[44,26936,633],{"class":583},[44,26938,133],{"class":58},[44,26940,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,26942,140],{"class":139},[44,26944,127],{"class":58},[44,26946,15880],{"class":123},[44,26948,4281],{"class":58},[44,26950,26951],{"class":1992},"       # Not found\n",[20,26953,1296,26954,26957,26958,26961,26962,26964],{},[15,26955,26956],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26959,26960],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26963,20305],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26966,186,26968,189],{"id":26967},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26969,13186],{},[20,26971,26972,1598],{},[15,26973,13186],{},[205,26975,26976,26979,26982,26985],{},[208,26977,26978],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[208,26980,26981],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[208,26983,26984],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[208,26986,26987],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26989,295],{},[35,26991,26993],{"className":37,"code":26992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26994,26995,27035,27039,27062,27066,27080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26996,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26998,12104],{"class":50},[44,27000,55],{"class":54},[44,27002,59],{"class":58},[44,27004,633],{"class":583},[44,27006,8287],{"class":587},[44,27008,633],{"class":583},[44,27010,1598],{"class":58},[44,27012,643],{"class":583},[44,27014,13838],{"class":587},[44,27016,633],{"class":583},[44,27018,66],{"class":58},[44,27020,643],{"class":583},[44,27022,11029],{"class":587},[44,27024,633],{"class":583},[44,27026,1598],{"class":58},[44,27028,643],{"class":583},[44,27030,11036],{"class":587},[44,27032,633],{"class":583},[44,27034,82],{"class":58},[44,27036,27037],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27038,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27040,27041,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27042,27043],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,27045,55],{"class":54},[44,27047,12187],{"class":50},[44,27049,120],{"class":58},[44,27051,26860],{"class":123},[44,27053,127],{"class":58},[44,27055,633],{"class":583},[44,27057,11029],{"class":587},[44,27059,633],{"class":583},[44,27061,133],{"class":58},[44,27063,27064],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27065,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27067,27068,27070,27072,27075,27077],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27069,140],{"class":139},[44,27071,127],{"class":58},[44,27073,27074],{"class":123},"removed_city",[44,27076,4281],{"class":58},[44,27078,27079],{"class":1992},"  # Paris\n",[44,27081,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,27083,140],{"class":139},[44,27085,127],{"class":58},[44,27087,12198],{"class":123},[44,27089,4281],{"class":58},[44,27091,27092],{"class":1992},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27094,21389,27095,27098,27099,120],{},[15,27096,27097],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27100,27101],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,27103,234],{"id":233},[20,27105,27106],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,27108,27110],{"className":37,"code":27109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27111,27112,27126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27113,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27115,12067],{"class":50},[44,27117,120],{"class":58},[44,27119,26860],{"class":123},[44,27121,127],{"class":58},[44,27123,15459],{"class":123},[44,27125,133],{"class":58},[44,27127,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27143],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27129,12067],{"class":50},[44,27131,120],{"class":58},[44,27133,26860],{"class":123},[44,27135,127],{"class":58},[44,27137,15459],{"class":123},[44,27139,66],{"class":58},[44,27141,27142],{"class":123}," default",[44,27144,133],{"class":58},[205,27146,27147,27153,27161,27167],{},[208,27148,27149,27152],{},[15,27150,27151],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[208,27154,27155,27157,27158,27160],{},[15,27156,27151],{}," raises ",[15,27159,20305],{}," if the key is missing",[208,27162,27163,27166],{},[15,27164,27165],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[208,27168,27169],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27171,295],{},[35,27173,27175],{"className":37,"code":27174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27176,27177,27209,27213,27238,27266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27178,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27180,5681],{"class":50},[44,27182,55],{"class":54},[44,27184,59],{"class":58},[44,27186,633],{"class":583},[44,27188,19035],{"class":587},[44,27190,633],{"class":583},[44,27192,1598],{"class":58},[44,27194,20516],{"class":62},[44,27196,66],{"class":58},[44,27198,643],{"class":583},[44,27200,19044],{"class":587},[44,27202,633],{"class":583},[44,27204,1598],{"class":58},[44,27206,14124],{"class":62},[44,27208,82],{"class":58},[44,27210,27211],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27212,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27214,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27216,140],{"class":139},[44,27218,127],{"class":58},[44,27220,17007],{"class":123},[44,27222,120],{"class":58},[44,27224,26860],{"class":123},[44,27226,127],{"class":58},[44,27228,633],{"class":583},[44,27230,19035],{"class":587},[44,27232,633],{"class":583},[44,27234,5979],{"class":58},[44,27236,27237],{"class":1992},"         # 90\n",[44,27239,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27241,140],{"class":139},[44,27243,127],{"class":58},[44,27245,17007],{"class":123},[44,27247,120],{"class":58},[44,27249,26860],{"class":123},[44,27251,127],{"class":58},[44,27253,633],{"class":583},[44,27255,19053],{"class":587},[44,27257,633],{"class":583},[44,27259,66],{"class":58},[44,27261,4452],{"class":62},[44,27263,5979],{"class":58},[44,27265,21386],{"class":1992},[44,27267,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27269,140],{"class":139},[44,27271,127],{"class":58},[44,27273,17007],{"class":123},[44,27275,4281],{"class":58},[44,27277,27278],{"class":1992},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,27280,437],{"id":436},[20,27282,27283,14671,27285,27287],{},[15,27284,13379],{},[197,27286,199],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27289,27290],{},"Instead, it returns:",[205,27292,27293,27296],{},[208,27294,27295],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[208,27297,27298],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27300,295],{},[35,27302,27304],{"className":37,"code":27303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27305,27306,27338,27342,27365,27397,27401,27415,27429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27307,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27309,9788],{"class":50},[44,27311,55],{"class":54},[44,27313,59],{"class":58},[44,27315,633],{"class":583},[44,27317,176],{"class":587},[44,27319,633],{"class":583},[44,27321,1598],{"class":58},[44,27323,6622],{"class":62},[44,27325,66],{"class":58},[44,27327,643],{"class":583},[44,27329,130],{"class":587},[44,27331,633],{"class":583},[44,27333,1598],{"class":58},[44,27335,8410],{"class":62},[44,27337,82],{"class":58},[44,27339,27340],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27341,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27343,27344,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27345,27346],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,27348,55],{"class":54},[44,27350,15184],{"class":50},[44,27352,120],{"class":58},[44,27354,26860],{"class":123},[44,27356,127],{"class":58},[44,27358,633],{"class":583},[44,27360,176],{"class":587},[44,27362,633],{"class":583},[44,27364,133],{"class":58},[44,27366,27367,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27393,27395],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27368,27369],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,27371,55],{"class":54},[44,27373,15184],{"class":50},[44,27375,120],{"class":58},[44,27377,26860],{"class":123},[44,27379,127],{"class":58},[44,27381,633],{"class":583},[44,27383,431],{"class":587},[44,27385,633],{"class":583},[44,27387,66],{"class":58},[44,27389,643],{"class":583},[44,27391,27392],{"class":587},"missing",[44,27394,633],{"class":583},[44,27396,133],{"class":58},[44,27398,27399],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27402,27403,27405,27407,27410,27412],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,27404,140],{"class":139},[44,27406,127],{"class":58},[44,27408,27409],{"class":123},"result1",[44,27411,4281],{"class":58},[44,27413,27414],{"class":1992},"  # 10\n",[44,27416,27417,27419,27421,27424,27426],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,27418,140],{"class":139},[44,27420,127],{"class":58},[44,27422,27423],{"class":123},"result2",[44,27425,4281],{"class":58},[44,27427,27428],{"class":1992},"  # missing\n",[44,27430,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,27432,140],{"class":139},[44,27434,127],{"class":58},[44,27436,9827],{"class":123},[44,27438,4281],{"class":58},[44,27440,27441],{"class":1992},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27443,27444,27445,7248],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[176,27446,27447],{"href":11355},[15,27448,27449],{},"dict.get()",[30,27451,5578,27453],{"id":27452},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27454,13379],{},[20,27456,1296,27457,11220],{},[15,27458,13379],{},[205,27460,27461,27464,27467],{},[208,27462,27463],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[208,27465,27466],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[208,27468,27469],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27471,295],{},[35,27473,27475],{"className":37,"code":27474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27476,27477,27529,27533,27560,27564,27588,27592,27606,27620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27478,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27513,27515,27517,27520,27522,27524,27527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27480,25742],{"class":50},[44,27482,55],{"class":54},[44,27484,59],{"class":58},[44,27486,633],{"class":583},[44,27488,8287],{"class":587},[44,27490,633],{"class":583},[44,27492,1598],{"class":58},[44,27494,643],{"class":583},[44,27496,27497],{"class":587},"Laptop",[44,27499,633],{"class":583},[44,27501,66],{"class":58},[44,27503,643],{"class":583},[44,27505,25768],{"class":587},[44,27507,633],{"class":583},[44,27509,1598],{"class":58},[44,27511,27512],{"class":62}," 1200",[44,27514,66],{"class":58},[44,27516,643],{"class":583},[44,27518,27519],{"class":587},"discount",[44,27521,633],{"class":583},[44,27523,1598],{"class":58},[44,27525,27526],{"class":62}," 200",[44,27528,82],{"class":58},[44,27530,27531],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27532,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27534,27535,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27536,27537],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,27539,55],{"class":54},[44,27541,25820],{"class":50},[44,27543,120],{"class":58},[44,27545,26860],{"class":123},[44,27547,127],{"class":58},[44,27549,633],{"class":583},[44,27551,27519],{"class":587},[44,27553,633],{"class":583},[44,27555,66],{"class":58},[44,27557,4452],{"class":62},[44,27559,133],{"class":58},[44,27561,27562],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27563,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27565,27566,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27567,27568],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,27570,55],{"class":54},[44,27572,25820],{"class":50},[44,27574,4521],{"class":58},[44,27576,633],{"class":583},[44,27578,25768],{"class":587},[44,27580,633],{"class":583},[44,27582,13890],{"class":58},[44,27584,2850],{"class":54},[44,27586,27587],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,27589,27590],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,27591,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27593,27594,27596,27598,27601,27603],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,27595,140],{"class":139},[44,27597,127],{"class":58},[44,27599,27600],{"class":123},"discount_amount",[44,27602,4281],{"class":58},[44,27604,27605],{"class":1992},"  # 200\n",[44,27607,27608,27610,27612,27615,27617],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,27609,140],{"class":139},[44,27611,127],{"class":58},[44,27613,27614],{"class":123},"final_price",[44,27616,4281],{"class":58},[44,27618,27619],{"class":1992},"      # 1000\n",[44,27621,27622,27624,27626,27629,27631],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,27623,140],{"class":139},[44,27625,127],{"class":58},[44,27627,27628],{"class":123},"product",[44,27630,4281],{"class":58},[44,27632,27633],{"class":1992},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27635,27636],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,27638,27640,1036,27642],{"id":27639},"pop-vs-del",[15,27641,13379],{},[15,27643,27644],{},"del",[20,27646,11209,27647,2495,27649,27651],{},[15,27648,13379],{},[15,27650,27644],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1044,27653,1296,27655,27657],{"id":27654},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27656,13379],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,27659,27661],{"className":37,"code":27660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27662,27663,27699,27703,27725,27729,27742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27664,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27666,13821],{"class":50},[44,27668,55],{"class":54},[44,27670,59],{"class":58},[44,27672,633],{"class":583},[44,27674,8287],{"class":587},[44,27676,633],{"class":583},[44,27678,1598],{"class":58},[44,27680,643],{"class":583},[44,27682,13497],{"class":587},[44,27684,633],{"class":583},[44,27686,66],{"class":58},[44,27688,643],{"class":583},[44,27690,9921],{"class":587},[44,27692,633],{"class":583},[44,27694,1598],{"class":58},[44,27696,9928],{"class":62},[44,27698,82],{"class":58},[44,27700,27701],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27702,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27704,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27706,22246],{"class":50},[44,27708,55],{"class":54},[44,27710,13864],{"class":50},[44,27712,120],{"class":58},[44,27714,26860],{"class":123},[44,27716,127],{"class":58},[44,27718,633],{"class":583},[44,27720,9921],{"class":587},[44,27722,633],{"class":583},[44,27724,133],{"class":58},[44,27726,27727],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27728,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27730,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27732,140],{"class":139},[44,27734,127],{"class":58},[44,27736,9921],{"class":123},[44,27738,4281],{"class":58},[44,27740,27741],{"class":1992},"     # 25\n",[44,27743,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,27745,140],{"class":139},[44,27747,127],{"class":58},[44,27749,17926],{"class":123},[44,27751,4281],{"class":58},[44,27753,27754],{"class":1992},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1044,27756,1296,27758,27760],{"id":27757},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27759,27644],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,27762,27764],{"className":37,"code":27763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27765,27766,27802,27806,27822,27826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27767,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27769,13821],{"class":50},[44,27771,55],{"class":54},[44,27773,59],{"class":58},[44,27775,633],{"class":583},[44,27777,8287],{"class":587},[44,27779,633],{"class":583},[44,27781,1598],{"class":58},[44,27783,643],{"class":583},[44,27785,13497],{"class":587},[44,27787,633],{"class":583},[44,27789,66],{"class":58},[44,27791,643],{"class":583},[44,27793,9921],{"class":587},[44,27795,633],{"class":583},[44,27797,1598],{"class":58},[44,27799,9928],{"class":62},[44,27801,82],{"class":58},[44,27803,27804],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27805,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27807,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27809,27644],{"class":4496},[44,27811,13864],{"class":50},[44,27813,4521],{"class":58},[44,27815,633],{"class":583},[44,27817,9921],{"class":587},[44,27819,633],{"class":583},[44,27821,1967],{"class":58},[44,27823,27824],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27825,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27827,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27829,140],{"class":139},[44,27831,127],{"class":58},[44,27833,17926],{"class":123},[44,27835,4281],{"class":58},[44,27837,27754],{"class":1992},[20,27839,27840],{},"Difference:",[205,27842,27843,27848],{},[208,27844,27845,27847],{},[15,27846,13379],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[208,27849,27850,27852],{},[15,27851,27644],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27854,27855,27856,120],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[176,27857,13191],{"href":13190},[30,27859,27861,27862],{"id":27860},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27863,20305],{},[20,27865,27866],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1044,27868,27870],{"id":27869},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,27872,27874],{"className":37,"code":27873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27875,27876,27901,27905,27931,27935,27947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27877,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27897,27899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27879,12340],{"class":50},[44,27881,55],{"class":54},[44,27883,59],{"class":58},[44,27885,633],{"class":583},[44,27887,8287],{"class":587},[44,27889,633],{"class":583},[44,27891,1598],{"class":58},[44,27893,643],{"class":583},[44,27895,27896],{"class":587},"Sara",[44,27898,633],{"class":583},[44,27900,82],{"class":58},[44,27902,27903],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27904,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27906,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,27908,3075],{"class":50},[44,27910,55],{"class":54},[44,27912,12382],{"class":50},[44,27914,120],{"class":58},[44,27916,26860],{"class":123},[44,27918,127],{"class":58},[44,27920,633],{"class":583},[44,27922,9921],{"class":587},[44,27924,633],{"class":583},[44,27926,66],{"class":58},[44,27928,4472],{"class":4471},[44,27930,133],{"class":58},[44,27932,27933],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,27934,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,27936,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,27938,140],{"class":139},[44,27940,127],{"class":58},[44,27942,3100],{"class":123},[44,27944,4281],{"class":58},[44,27946,21179],{"class":1992},[44,27948,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,27950,140],{"class":139},[44,27952,127],{"class":58},[44,27954,12067],{"class":123},[44,27956,4281],{"class":58},[44,27958,27959],{"class":1992}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27961,27962],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1044,27964,27966],{"id":27965},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27968,27970],{"className":37,"code":27969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27971,27972,27996,28000,28016,28039,28049,28056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27973,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27975,12340],{"class":50},[44,27977,55],{"class":54},[44,27979,59],{"class":58},[44,27981,633],{"class":583},[44,27983,8287],{"class":587},[44,27985,633],{"class":583},[44,27987,1598],{"class":58},[44,27989,643],{"class":583},[44,27991,27896],{"class":587},[44,27993,633],{"class":583},[44,27995,82],{"class":58},[44,27997,27998],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,27999,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28001,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28003,7615],{"class":4496},[44,28005,643],{"class":583},[44,28007,9921],{"class":587},[44,28009,633],{"class":583},[44,28011,21792],{"class":54},[44,28013,12382],{"class":50},[44,28015,7011],{"class":58},[44,28017,28018,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28019,28020],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,28022,55],{"class":54},[44,28024,12382],{"class":50},[44,28026,120],{"class":58},[44,28028,26860],{"class":123},[44,28030,127],{"class":58},[44,28032,633],{"class":583},[44,28034,9921],{"class":587},[44,28036,633],{"class":583},[44,28038,133],{"class":58},[44,28040,28041,28043,28045,28047],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,28042,8690],{"class":139},[44,28044,127],{"class":58},[44,28046,3100],{"class":123},[44,28048,133],{"class":58},[44,28050,28051,28054],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,28052,28053],{"class":4496},"else",[44,28055,7011],{"class":58},[44,28057,28058,28060,28062,28064,28067,28069],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,28059,8690],{"class":139},[44,28061,127],{"class":58},[44,28063,633],{"class":583},[44,28065,28066],{"class":587},"Key not found",[44,28068,633],{"class":583},[44,28070,133],{"class":58},[1044,28072,28074,28075,28077],{"id":28073},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,28076,11359],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,28079,28081],{"className":37,"code":28080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28082,28083,28107,28111,28137,28141,28153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28084,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28086,12340],{"class":50},[44,28088,55],{"class":54},[44,28090,59],{"class":58},[44,28092,633],{"class":583},[44,28094,8287],{"class":587},[44,28096,633],{"class":583},[44,28098,1598],{"class":58},[44,28100,643],{"class":583},[44,28102,27896],{"class":587},[44,28104,633],{"class":583},[44,28106,82],{"class":58},[44,28108,28109],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28110,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28112,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28114,3075],{"class":50},[44,28116,55],{"class":54},[44,28118,12382],{"class":50},[44,28120,120],{"class":58},[44,28122,20368],{"class":123},[44,28124,127],{"class":58},[44,28126,633],{"class":583},[44,28128,9921],{"class":587},[44,28130,633],{"class":583},[44,28132,66],{"class":58},[44,28134,4472],{"class":4471},[44,28136,133],{"class":58},[44,28138,28139],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28140,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28142,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,28144,140],{"class":139},[44,28146,127],{"class":58},[44,28148,3100],{"class":123},[44,28150,4281],{"class":58},[44,28152,21179],{"class":1992},[44,28154,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,28156,140],{"class":139},[44,28158,127],{"class":58},[44,28160,12067],{"class":123},[44,28162,4281],{"class":58},[44,28164,27959],{"class":1992},[20,28166,1296,28167,28171,28172,120],{},[176,28168,28169],{"href":11355},[15,28170,27449],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[176,28173,11880],{"href":11693},[30,28175,1580],{"id":1579},[20,28177,28178,28179,120],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28180,13186],{},[1044,28182,26393,28184,28186],{"id":28183},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28185,13379],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28188,28189],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,28191,28193],{"className":37,"code":28192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28194,28195,28215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28196,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28198,884],{"class":50},[44,28200,55],{"class":54},[44,28202,1954],{"class":58},[44,28204,2958],{"class":62},[44,28206,66],{"class":58},[44,28208,8410],{"class":62},[44,28210,66],{"class":58},[44,28212,8415],{"class":62},[44,28214,1967],{"class":58},[44,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28218,140],{"class":139},[44,28220,127],{"class":58},[44,28222,4268],{"class":123},[44,28224,120],{"class":58},[44,28226,26860],{"class":123},[44,28228,127],{"class":58},[44,28230,63],{"class":62},[44,28232,5979],{"class":58},[44,28234,28235],{"class":1992},"  # 20\n",[20,28237,28238],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,28240,28242],{"className":37,"code":28241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28243,28244,28280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28245,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28247,13821],{"class":50},[44,28249,55],{"class":54},[44,28251,59],{"class":58},[44,28253,633],{"class":583},[44,28255,8287],{"class":587},[44,28257,633],{"class":583},[44,28259,1598],{"class":58},[44,28261,643],{"class":583},[44,28263,13497],{"class":587},[44,28265,633],{"class":583},[44,28267,66],{"class":58},[44,28269,643],{"class":583},[44,28271,9921],{"class":587},[44,28273,633],{"class":583},[44,28275,1598],{"class":58},[44,28277,9928],{"class":62},[44,28279,82],{"class":58},[44,28281,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28283,140],{"class":139},[44,28285,127],{"class":58},[44,28287,17926],{"class":123},[44,28289,120],{"class":58},[44,28291,26860],{"class":123},[44,28293,127],{"class":58},[44,28295,633],{"class":583},[44,28297,9921],{"class":587},[44,28299,633],{"class":583},[44,28301,5979],{"class":58},[44,28303,28304],{"class":1992},"  # 25\n",[20,28306,28307,28308,28310,28311,28313],{},"A dictionary does ",[197,28309,199],{}," use positions with ",[15,28312,13379],{},". It uses keys.",[1044,28315,5321,28317,28319],{"id":28316},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28318,13379],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,28321,28323],{"className":37,"code":28322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28324,28325,28357,28361,28383,28387,28400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28328,9788],{"class":50},[44,28330,55],{"class":54},[44,28332,59],{"class":58},[44,28334,633],{"class":583},[44,28336,2801],{"class":587},[44,28338,633],{"class":583},[44,28340,1598],{"class":58},[44,28342,2212],{"class":62},[44,28344,66],{"class":58},[44,28346,643],{"class":583},[44,28348,12361],{"class":587},[44,28350,633],{"class":583},[44,28352,1598],{"class":58},[44,28354,69],{"class":62},[44,28356,82],{"class":58},[44,28358,28359],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28360,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28362,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28364,3075],{"class":50},[44,28366,55],{"class":54},[44,28368,15184],{"class":50},[44,28370,120],{"class":58},[44,28372,26860],{"class":123},[44,28374,127],{"class":58},[44,28376,633],{"class":583},[44,28378,2801],{"class":587},[44,28380,633],{"class":583},[44,28382,133],{"class":58},[44,28384,28385],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28386,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28388,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,28390,140],{"class":139},[44,28392,127],{"class":58},[44,28394,3100],{"class":123},[44,28396,4281],{"class":58},[44,28398,28399],{"class":1992},"  # 1\n",[44,28401,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,28403,140],{"class":139},[44,28405,127],{"class":58},[44,28407,9827],{"class":123},[44,28409,4281],{"class":58},[44,28411,28412],{"class":1992},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28414,28415,28416,28418],{},"After ",[15,28417,13379],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1044,28420,863,28422,28424],{"id":28421},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28423,13379],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,28426,28428],{"className":37,"code":28427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28429,28430,28454,28458,28463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28433,9788],{"class":50},[44,28435,55],{"class":54},[44,28437,59],{"class":58},[44,28439,633],{"class":583},[44,28441,8287],{"class":587},[44,28443,633],{"class":583},[44,28445,1598],{"class":58},[44,28447,643],{"class":583},[44,28449,8542],{"class":587},[44,28451,633],{"class":583},[44,28453,82],{"class":58},[44,28455,28456],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28457,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28459,28460],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28461,28462],{"class":1992},"# This causes an error\n",[44,28464,28465],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28466,28467],{"class":1992},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28469,28470],{},"Safer version:",[35,28472,28474],{"className":37,"code":28473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28475,28476,28500,28504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28477,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28479,9788],{"class":50},[44,28481,55],{"class":54},[44,28483,59],{"class":58},[44,28485,633],{"class":583},[44,28487,8287],{"class":587},[44,28489,633],{"class":583},[44,28491,1598],{"class":58},[44,28493,643],{"class":583},[44,28495,8542],{"class":587},[44,28497,633],{"class":583},[44,28499,82],{"class":58},[44,28501,28502],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28503,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28505,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530,28532,28534],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28507,140],{"class":139},[44,28509,127],{"class":58},[44,28511,9827],{"class":123},[44,28513,120],{"class":58},[44,28515,26860],{"class":123},[44,28517,127],{"class":58},[44,28519,633],{"class":583},[44,28521,9921],{"class":587},[44,28523,633],{"class":583},[44,28525,66],{"class":58},[44,28527,643],{"class":583},[44,28529,27392],{"class":587},[44,28531,633],{"class":583},[44,28533,5979],{"class":58},[44,28535,27428],{"class":1992},[1044,28537,9075,28539,28541],{"id":28538},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28540,13379],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,28543,28545],{"className":37,"code":28544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28546,28547,28579,28583,28605,28609,28621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28548,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28550,9788],{"class":50},[44,28552,55],{"class":54},[44,28554,59],{"class":58},[44,28556,633],{"class":583},[44,28558,176],{"class":587},[44,28560,633],{"class":583},[44,28562,1598],{"class":58},[44,28564,2212],{"class":62},[44,28566,66],{"class":58},[44,28568,643],{"class":583},[44,28570,130],{"class":587},[44,28572,633],{"class":583},[44,28574,1598],{"class":58},[44,28576,69],{"class":62},[44,28578,82],{"class":58},[44,28580,28581],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28582,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28584,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28586,112],{"class":50},[44,28588,55],{"class":54},[44,28590,15184],{"class":50},[44,28592,120],{"class":58},[44,28594,26860],{"class":123},[44,28596,127],{"class":58},[44,28598,633],{"class":583},[44,28600,176],{"class":587},[44,28602,633],{"class":583},[44,28604,133],{"class":58},[44,28606,28607],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28608,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28610,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,28612,140],{"class":139},[44,28614,127],{"class":58},[44,28616,145],{"class":123},[44,28618,4281],{"class":58},[44,28620,28399],{"class":1992},[44,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,28624,140],{"class":139},[44,28626,127],{"class":58},[44,28628,9827],{"class":123},[44,28630,4281],{"class":58},[44,28632,28633],{"class":1992},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28635,28636],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,28638,28640],{"id":28639},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28642,28643,28644,28646],{},"Problems with ",[15,28645,13186],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[205,28648,28649,28652,28661,28664],{},[208,28650,28651],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[208,28653,28654,28655,28658,28659],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28656,28657],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28660,26956],{},[208,28662,28663],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[208,28665,28666,28667,11711,28669],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28668,63],{},[15,28670,28671],{},"\"1\"",[20,28673,28674],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,28676,28678],{"className":37,"code":28677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28679,28680,28704,28708,28738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28681,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28683,9788],{"class":50},[44,28685,55],{"class":54},[44,28687,59],{"class":58},[44,28689,633],{"class":583},[44,28691,63],{"class":587},[44,28693,633],{"class":583},[44,28695,1598],{"class":58},[44,28697,643],{"class":583},[44,28699,7202],{"class":587},[44,28701,633],{"class":583},[44,28703,82],{"class":58},[44,28705,28706],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28707,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,28709,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28731,28733,28735],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28711,140],{"class":139},[44,28713,127],{"class":58},[44,28715,9827],{"class":123},[44,28717,120],{"class":58},[44,28719,26860],{"class":123},[44,28721,127],{"class":58},[44,28723,63],{"class":62},[44,28725,66],{"class":58},[44,28727,643],{"class":583},[44,28729,28730],{"class":587},"not found",[44,28732,633],{"class":583},[44,28734,5979],{"class":58},[44,28736,28737],{"class":1992},"    # not found\n",[44,28739,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28741,140],{"class":139},[44,28743,127],{"class":58},[44,28745,9827],{"class":123},[44,28747,120],{"class":58},[44,28749,26860],{"class":123},[44,28751,127],{"class":58},[44,28753,633],{"class":583},[44,28755,63],{"class":587},[44,28757,633],{"class":583},[44,28759,66],{"class":58},[44,28761,643],{"class":583},[44,28763,28730],{"class":587},[44,28765,633],{"class":583},[44,28767,5979],{"class":58},[44,28769,28770],{"class":1992},"  # one\n",[20,28772,28773,2495,28775,28777],{},[15,28774,63],{},[15,28776,28671],{}," are different keys.",[30,28779,9494],{"id":9493},[20,28781,9497,28782,28784],{},[15,28783,13379],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,28786,28788],{"className":37,"code":28787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28789,28790,28800,28814,28832,28862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28791,28792,28794,28796,28798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28793,140],{"class":139},[44,28795,127],{"class":58},[44,28797,12067],{"class":123},[44,28799,133],{"class":58},[44,28801,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,28803,140],{"class":139},[44,28805,127],{"class":58},[44,28807,12067],{"class":123},[44,28809,120],{"class":58},[44,28811,17542],{"class":123},[44,28813,7812],{"class":58},[44,28815,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,28817,140],{"class":139},[44,28819,127],{"class":58},[44,28821,590],{"class":583},[44,28823,8287],{"class":587},[44,28825,590],{"class":583},[44,28827,21792],{"class":4496},[44,28829,12382],{"class":123},[44,28831,133],{"class":58},[44,28833,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,28835,140],{"class":139},[44,28837,127],{"class":58},[44,28839,12067],{"class":123},[44,28841,120],{"class":58},[44,28843,26860],{"class":123},[44,28845,127],{"class":58},[44,28847,590],{"class":583},[44,28849,8287],{"class":587},[44,28851,590],{"class":583},[44,28853,66],{"class":58},[44,28855,584],{"class":583},[44,28857,27392],{"class":587},[44,28859,590],{"class":583},[44,28861,556],{"class":58},[44,28863,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,28865,140],{"class":139},[44,28867,127],{"class":58},[44,28869,549],{"class":548},[44,28871,127],{"class":58},[44,28873,12067],{"class":123},[44,28875,556],{"class":58},[20,28877,21954],{},[205,28879,28880,28885,28890,28895,28901],{},[208,28881,28882,28884],{},[15,28883,13296],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[208,28886,28887,28889],{},[15,28888,21966],{}," shows all available keys",[208,28891,28892,28894],{},[15,28893,21972],{}," checks whether a key exists",[208,28896,28897,28900],{},[15,28898,28899],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[208,28902,28903,28905],{},[15,28904,13302],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28907,28908,28909,120],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[176,28910,10013],{"href":10012},[30,28912,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,28914,28916,28917,28919],{"id":28915},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28918,13379],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28921,28922],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1044,28924,28926],{"id":28925},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28928,28929,27157,28931,28933,28934,28936],{},[15,28930,26956],{},[15,28932,20305],{},". ",[15,28935,26960],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1044,28938,2482,28940,15514],{"id":28939},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28941,13379],{},[20,28943,28944],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1044,28946,2509,28948,28950],{"id":28947},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28949,13379],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28952,28953,28954,28956,28957,120],{},"Not with ",[15,28955,13186],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[176,28958,28959],{"href":13197},[15,28960,13386],{},[1044,28962,2492,28964,2495,28966,1447],{"id":28963},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28965,11359],{},[15,28967,13379],{},[20,28969,28970,28972,28973,28975],{},[15,28971,11359],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28974,13379],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28977,2528],{"id":2527},[205,28979,28980,28986,28993,28997,29001,29005],{},[208,28981,28982],{},[176,28983,28984],{"href":11355},[15,28985,20286],{},[208,28987,28988],{},[176,28989,28990],{"href":13197},[15,28991,28992],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[208,28994,28995],{},[176,28996,13403],{"href":13190},[208,28998,28999],{},[176,29000,22075],{"href":17215},[208,29002,29003],{},[176,29004,11880],{"href":11693},[208,29006,29007],{},[176,29008,29010],{"href":29009},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2554,29012,29013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":29015},[29016,29017,29019,29020,29021,29023,29030,29037,29047,29048,29049,29060],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":26967,"depth":85,"text":29018},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":27452,"depth":85,"text":29022},"When to use pop()",{"id":27639,"depth":85,"text":29024,"children":29025},"pop() vs del",[29026,29028],{"id":27654,"depth":109,"text":29027},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27757,"depth":109,"text":29029},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27860,"depth":85,"text":29031,"children":29032},"How to avoid KeyError",[29033,29034,29035],{"id":27869,"depth":109,"text":27870},{"id":27965,"depth":109,"text":27966},{"id":28073,"depth":109,"text":29036},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":29038},[29039,29041,29043,29045],{"id":28183,"depth":109,"text":29040},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28316,"depth":109,"text":29042},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28421,"depth":109,"text":29044},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28538,"depth":109,"text":29046},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28639,"depth":85,"text":28640},{"id":9493,"depth":85,"text":9494},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":29050},[29051,29053,29054,29056,29058],{"id":28915,"depth":109,"text":29052},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28925,"depth":109,"text":28926},{"id":28939,"depth":109,"text":29055},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28947,"depth":109,"text":29057},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28963,"depth":109,"text":29059},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26788,"description":29061},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29068,"title":28992,"body":29069,"description":31008,"extension":2593,"meta":31009,"navigation":364,"path":31010,"seo":31011,"stem":31012,"__hash__":31013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29070,"toc":30972},[29071,29076,29081,29084,29092,29102,29104,29193,29197,29246,29251,29256,29260,29276,29279,29281,29296,29298,29314,29321,29325,29331,29340,29342,29411,29415,29436,29439,29458,29461,29484,29486,29489,29604,29608,29667,29674,29678,29684,29809,29813,29863,29866,29870,29877,29879,29942,29946,29967,29970,29979,29994,30002,30009,30013,30025,30029,30040,30042,30188,30192,30251,30258,30263,30267,30273,30296,30301,30320,30324,30395,30402,30475,30484,30489,30494,30505,30508,30645,30649,30681,30686,30688,30692,30752,30755,30812,30815,30858,30860,30865,30871,30877,30880,30887,30895,30900,30903,30910,30918,30920,30969],[10,29072,11936,29074,18],{"id":29073},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,29075,13386],{},[20,29077,192,29078,29080],{},[15,29079,13386],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,29082,29083],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[205,29085,29086,29089],{},[208,29087,29088],{},"remove an item",[208,29090,29091],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29093,29094,29095,29097,29098,29101],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29096,13386],{}," removes the ",[197,29099,29100],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,29103,2634],{"id":2633},[35,29105,29107],{"className":37,"code":29106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29108,29109,29153,29169,29173,29183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29110,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29112,9788],{"class":50},[44,29114,55],{"class":54},[44,29116,59],{"class":58},[44,29118,633],{"class":583},[44,29120,176],{"class":587},[44,29122,633],{"class":583},[44,29124,1598],{"class":58},[44,29126,2212],{"class":62},[44,29128,66],{"class":58},[44,29130,643],{"class":583},[44,29132,130],{"class":587},[44,29134,633],{"class":583},[44,29136,1598],{"class":58},[44,29138,69],{"class":62},[44,29140,66],{"class":58},[44,29142,643],{"class":583},[44,29144,431],{"class":587},[44,29146,633],{"class":583},[44,29148,1598],{"class":58},[44,29150,74],{"class":62},[44,29152,82],{"class":58},[44,29154,29155,29158,29160,29162,29164,29167],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29156,29157],{"class":50},"item ",[44,29159,55],{"class":54},[44,29161,15184],{"class":50},[44,29163,120],{"class":58},[44,29165,29166],{"class":123},"popitem",[44,29168,571],{"class":58},[44,29170,29171],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,29172,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29174,29175,29177,29179,29181],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,29176,140],{"class":139},[44,29178,127],{"class":58},[44,29180,23928],{"class":123},[44,29182,133],{"class":58},[44,29184,29185,29187,29189,29191],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,29186,140],{"class":139},[44,29188,127],{"class":58},[44,29190,9827],{"class":123},[44,29192,133],{"class":58},[20,29194,29195],{},[197,29196,150],{},[35,29198,29200],{"className":37,"code":29199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29201,29202,29218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29203,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29205,127],{"class":58},[44,29207,590],{"class":583},[44,29209,431],{"class":587},[44,29211,590],{"class":583},[44,29213,66],{"class":58},[44,29215,74],{"class":62},[44,29217,133],{"class":58},[44,29219,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29221,160],{"class":58},[44,29223,590],{"class":583},[44,29225,176],{"class":587},[44,29227,590],{"class":583},[44,29229,1598],{"class":58},[44,29231,2212],{"class":62},[44,29233,66],{"class":58},[44,29235,584],{"class":583},[44,29237,130],{"class":587},[44,29239,590],{"class":583},[44,29241,1598],{"class":58},[44,29243,69],{"class":62},[44,29245,82],{"class":58},[20,29247,29248,29250],{},[15,29249,13386],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,29252,186,29254,189],{"id":29253},"what-popitem-does",[15,29255,13386],{},[20,29257,29258,1598],{},[15,29259,13386],{},[205,29261,29262,29265,29270,29273],{},[208,29263,29264],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[208,29266,29267,29268],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29269,22273],{},[208,29271,29272],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[208,29274,29275],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29277,29278],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,29280,234],{"id":233},[35,29282,29284],{"className":37,"code":29283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29285,29286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29287,29288,29290,29292,29294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29289,16223],{"class":50},[44,29291,120],{"class":58},[44,29293,29166],{"class":123},[44,29295,571],{"class":58},[20,29297,12076],{},[205,29299,29300,29308,29311],{},[208,29301,29302,29304,29305],{},[15,29303,13386],{}," takes ",[197,29306,29307],{},"no arguments",[208,29309,29310],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[208,29312,29313],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29315,29316,29317,7248],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[176,29318,29319],{"href":13183},[15,29320,13379],{},[30,29322,29324],{"id":29323},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29326,29327,29328,29330],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29329,13386],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29332,29333,29334,29337],"ol",{},[208,29335,29336],{},"the key",[208,29338,29339],{},"the value",[20,29341,295],{},[35,29343,29345],{"className":37,"code":29344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29346,29347,29383,29397,29401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29348,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29350,13821],{"class":50},[44,29352,55],{"class":54},[44,29354,59],{"class":58},[44,29356,633],{"class":583},[44,29358,8287],{"class":587},[44,29360,633],{"class":583},[44,29362,1598],{"class":58},[44,29364,643],{"class":583},[44,29366,5621],{"class":587},[44,29368,633],{"class":583},[44,29370,66],{"class":58},[44,29372,643],{"class":583},[44,29374,9921],{"class":587},[44,29376,633],{"class":583},[44,29378,1598],{"class":58},[44,29380,9928],{"class":62},[44,29382,82],{"class":58},[44,29384,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29386,112],{"class":50},[44,29388,55],{"class":54},[44,29390,13864],{"class":50},[44,29392,120],{"class":58},[44,29394,29166],{"class":123},[44,29396,571],{"class":58},[44,29398,29399],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,29400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29402,29403,29405,29407,29409],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,29404,140],{"class":139},[44,29406,127],{"class":58},[44,29408,145],{"class":123},[44,29410,133],{"class":58},[20,29412,29413],{},[197,29414,150],{},[35,29416,29418],{"className":37,"code":29417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29419,29420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29421,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29423,127],{"class":58},[44,29425,590],{"class":583},[44,29427,9921],{"class":587},[44,29429,590],{"class":583},[44,29431,66],{"class":58},[44,29433,9928],{"class":62},[44,29435,133],{"class":58},[20,29437,29438],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,29440,29442],{"className":37,"code":29441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29443,29444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29445,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29447,112],{"class":50},[44,29449,55],{"class":54},[44,29451,13864],{"class":50},[44,29453,120],{"class":58},[44,29455,29166],{"class":123},[44,29457,571],{"class":58},[20,29459,29460],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,29462,29464],{"className":37,"code":29463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29465,29466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29467,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29469,15459],{"class":50},[44,29471,66],{"class":58},[44,29473,22202],{"class":50},[44,29475,55],{"class":54},[44,29477,13864],{"class":50},[44,29479,120],{"class":58},[44,29481,29166],{"class":123},[44,29483,571],{"class":58},[30,29485,613],{"id":612},[20,29487,29488],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,29490,29492],{"className":37,"code":29491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29493,29494,29542,29546,29561,29565,29585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29495,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29526,29528,29530,29533,29535,29537,29540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29497,5681],{"class":50},[44,29499,55],{"class":54},[44,29501,59],{"class":58},[44,29503,633],{"class":583},[44,29505,29506],{"class":587},"Tom",[44,29508,633],{"class":583},[44,29510,1598],{"class":58},[44,29512,5693],{"class":62},[44,29514,66],{"class":58},[44,29516,643],{"class":583},[44,29518,13497],{"class":587},[44,29520,633],{"class":583},[44,29522,1598],{"class":58},[44,29524,29525],{"class":62}," 95",[44,29527,66],{"class":58},[44,29529,643],{"class":583},[44,29531,29532],{"class":587},"Leo",[44,29534,633],{"class":583},[44,29536,1598],{"class":58},[44,29538,29539],{"class":62}," 88",[44,29541,82],{"class":58},[44,29543,29544],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29545,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29547,29548,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,29549,29550],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,29552,55],{"class":54},[44,29554,5728],{"class":50},[44,29556,120],{"class":58},[44,29558,29166],{"class":123},[44,29560,571],{"class":58},[44,29562,29563],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,29564,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29566,29567,29569,29571,29573,29576,29578,29580,29583],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,29568,140],{"class":139},[44,29570,127],{"class":58},[44,29572,633],{"class":583},[44,29574,29575],{"class":587},"Removed:",[44,29577,633],{"class":583},[44,29579,66],{"class":58},[44,29581,29582],{"class":123}," removed_pair",[44,29584,133],{"class":58},[44,29586,29587,29589,29591,29593,29596,29598,29600,29602],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,29588,140],{"class":139},[44,29590,127],{"class":58},[44,29592,633],{"class":583},[44,29594,29595],{"class":587},"After removal:",[44,29597,633],{"class":583},[44,29599,66],{"class":58},[44,29601,5728],{"class":123},[44,29603,133],{"class":58},[20,29605,29606],{},[197,29607,150],{},[35,29609,29611],{"className":37,"code":29610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29612,29613,29634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29614,29615,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29616,29617],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,29619,1598],{"class":58},[44,29621,9859],{"class":58},[44,29623,590],{"class":583},[44,29625,29532],{"class":587},[44,29627,590],{"class":583},[44,29629,66],{"class":58},[44,29631,29539],{"class":62},[44,29633,133],{"class":58},[44,29635,29636,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29637,29638],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,29640,1598],{"class":58},[44,29642,59],{"class":58},[44,29644,590],{"class":583},[44,29646,29506],{"class":587},[44,29648,590],{"class":583},[44,29650,1598],{"class":58},[44,29652,5693],{"class":62},[44,29654,66],{"class":58},[44,29656,584],{"class":583},[44,29658,13497],{"class":587},[44,29660,590],{"class":583},[44,29662,1598],{"class":58},[44,29664,29525],{"class":62},[44,29666,82],{"class":58},[20,29668,29669,29670,29673],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29671,29672],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,29675,29677],{"id":29676},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29679,29680,29681,29683],{},"Because ",[15,29682,13386],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,29685,29687],{"className":37,"code":29686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29688,29689,29725,29729,29748,29752,29771,29790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29690,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29692,16066],{"class":50},[44,29694,55],{"class":54},[44,29696,59],{"class":58},[44,29698,633],{"class":583},[44,29700,16077],{"class":587},[44,29702,633],{"class":583},[44,29704,1598],{"class":58},[44,29706,643],{"class":583},[44,29708,16086],{"class":587},[44,29710,633],{"class":583},[44,29712,66],{"class":58},[44,29714,643],{"class":583},[44,29716,16097],{"class":587},[44,29718,633],{"class":583},[44,29720,1598],{"class":58},[44,29722,27526],{"class":62},[44,29724,82],{"class":58},[44,29726,29727],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29728,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29730,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739,29742,29744,29746],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,29732,15459],{"class":50},[44,29734,66],{"class":58},[44,29736,22202],{"class":50},[44,29738,55],{"class":54},[44,29740,29741],{"class":50}," book",[44,29743,120],{"class":58},[44,29745,29166],{"class":123},[44,29747,571],{"class":58},[44,29749,29750],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,29751,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29763,29765,29767,29769],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,29755,140],{"class":139},[44,29757,127],{"class":58},[44,29759,633],{"class":583},[44,29761,29762],{"class":587},"Key:",[44,29764,633],{"class":583},[44,29766,66],{"class":58},[44,29768,22197],{"class":123},[44,29770,133],{"class":58},[44,29772,29773,29775,29777,29779,29782,29784,29786,29788],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,29774,140],{"class":139},[44,29776,127],{"class":58},[44,29778,633],{"class":583},[44,29780,29781],{"class":587},"Value:",[44,29783,633],{"class":583},[44,29785,66],{"class":58},[44,29787,9055],{"class":123},[44,29789,133],{"class":58},[44,29791,29792,29794,29796,29798,29801,29803,29805,29807],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,29793,140],{"class":139},[44,29795,127],{"class":58},[44,29797,633],{"class":583},[44,29799,29800],{"class":587},"Dictionary:",[44,29802,633],{"class":583},[44,29804,66],{"class":58},[44,29806,29741],{"class":123},[44,29808,133],{"class":58},[20,29810,29811],{},[197,29812,150],{},[35,29814,29816],{"className":37,"code":29815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29817,29818,29828,29838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29819,29820,29823,29825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29821,29822],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29824,1598],{"class":58},[44,29826,29827],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29829,29830,29833,29835],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29831,29832],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29834,1598],{"class":58},[44,29836,29837],{"class":62}," 200\n",[44,29839,29840,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,29841,29842],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29844,1598],{"class":58},[44,29846,59],{"class":58},[44,29848,590],{"class":583},[44,29850,16077],{"class":587},[44,29852,590],{"class":583},[44,29854,1598],{"class":58},[44,29856,584],{"class":583},[44,29858,16086],{"class":587},[44,29860,590],{"class":583},[44,29862,82],{"class":58},[20,29864,29865],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29867,29869],{"id":29868},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29871,29872,29873,29097,29875,120],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29874,13386],{},[197,29876,29100],{},[20,29878,295],{},[35,29880,29882],{"className":37,"code":29881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29883,29884,29928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29885,29886,29888,29890,29892,29894,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904,29906,29908,29910,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29887,9788],{"class":50},[44,29889,55],{"class":54},[44,29891,59],{"class":58},[44,29893,633],{"class":583},[44,29895,2801],{"class":587},[44,29897,633],{"class":583},[44,29899,1598],{"class":58},[44,29901,2212],{"class":62},[44,29903,66],{"class":58},[44,29905,643],{"class":583},[44,29907,12361],{"class":587},[44,29909,633],{"class":583},[44,29911,1598],{"class":58},[44,29913,69],{"class":62},[44,29915,66],{"class":58},[44,29917,643],{"class":583},[44,29919,22695],{"class":587},[44,29921,633],{"class":583},[44,29923,1598],{"class":58},[44,29925,74],{"class":62},[44,29927,82],{"class":58},[44,29929,29930,29932,29934,29936,29938,29940],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,29931,140],{"class":139},[44,29933,127],{"class":58},[44,29935,9827],{"class":123},[44,29937,120],{"class":58},[44,29939,29166],{"class":123},[44,29941,7812],{"class":58},[20,29943,29944],{},[197,29945,150],{},[35,29947,29949],{"className":37,"code":29948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29950,29951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29952,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29954,127],{"class":58},[44,29956,590],{"class":583},[44,29958,22695],{"class":587},[44,29960,590],{"class":583},[44,29962,66],{"class":58},[44,29964,74],{"class":62},[44,29966,133],{"class":58},[20,29968,29969],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29971,29972,29973,29975,29976,29978],{},"As a beginner, do ",[197,29974,199],{}," think of ",[15,29977,13386],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29980,29981,29982,2817,29986,17691,29990,120],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[176,29983,29984],{"href":17694},[15,29985,17697],{},[176,29987,29988],{"href":17681},[15,29989,17684],{},[176,29991,29992],{"href":17687},[15,29993,17690],{},[30,29995,29997,29998,2495,30000],{"id":29996},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29999,13386],{},[15,30001,13379],{},[20,30003,30004,2495,30006,30008],{},[15,30005,13386],{},[15,30007,13379],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1044,30010,30011],{"id":29166},[15,30012,13386],{},[205,30014,30015,30018,30021],{},[208,30016,30017],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[208,30019,30020],{},"does not need a key argument",[208,30022,4311,30023],{},[15,30024,22273],{},[1044,30026,30027],{"id":26860},[15,30028,13379],{},[205,30030,30031,30034,30037],{},[208,30032,30033],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[208,30035,30036],{},"needs the key name",[208,30038,30039],{},"returns only the value",[20,30041,295],{},[35,30043,30045],{"className":37,"code":30044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,30046,30047,30091,30095,30109,30129,30133,30155,30174,30178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30048,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30050,9788],{"class":50},[44,30052,55],{"class":54},[44,30054,59],{"class":58},[44,30056,633],{"class":583},[44,30058,176],{"class":587},[44,30060,633],{"class":583},[44,30062,1598],{"class":58},[44,30064,2212],{"class":62},[44,30066,66],{"class":58},[44,30068,643],{"class":583},[44,30070,130],{"class":587},[44,30072,633],{"class":583},[44,30074,1598],{"class":58},[44,30076,69],{"class":62},[44,30078,66],{"class":58},[44,30080,643],{"class":583},[44,30082,431],{"class":587},[44,30084,633],{"class":583},[44,30086,1598],{"class":58},[44,30088,74],{"class":62},[44,30090,82],{"class":58},[44,30092,30093],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30094,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30096,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30098,29157],{"class":50},[44,30100,55],{"class":54},[44,30102,15184],{"class":50},[44,30104,120],{"class":58},[44,30106,29166],{"class":123},[44,30108,571],{"class":58},[44,30110,30111,30113,30115,30117,30120,30122,30124,30127],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,30112,140],{"class":139},[44,30114,127],{"class":58},[44,30116,633],{"class":583},[44,30118,30119],{"class":587},"popitem():",[44,30121,633],{"class":583},[44,30123,66],{"class":58},[44,30125,30126],{"class":123}," item",[44,30128,133],{"class":58},[44,30130,30131],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,30132,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30134,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,30136,3075],{"class":50},[44,30138,55],{"class":54},[44,30140,15184],{"class":50},[44,30142,120],{"class":58},[44,30144,26860],{"class":123},[44,30146,127],{"class":58},[44,30148,633],{"class":583},[44,30150,176],{"class":587},[44,30152,633],{"class":583},[44,30154,133],{"class":58},[44,30156,30157,30159,30161,30163,30166,30168,30170,30172],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,30158,140],{"class":139},[44,30160,127],{"class":58},[44,30162,633],{"class":583},[44,30164,30165],{"class":587},"pop('a'):",[44,30167,633],{"class":583},[44,30169,66],{"class":58},[44,30171,9055],{"class":123},[44,30173,133],{"class":58},[44,30175,30176],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,30177,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30179,30180,30182,30184,30186],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,30181,140],{"class":139},[44,30183,127],{"class":58},[44,30185,9827],{"class":123},[44,30187,133],{"class":58},[20,30189,30190],{},[197,30191,150],{},[35,30193,30195],{"className":37,"code":30194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30196,30197,30218,30235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30198,30199,30201,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30200,29166],{"class":123},[44,30202,30203],{"class":58},"():",[44,30205,9859],{"class":58},[44,30207,590],{"class":583},[44,30209,431],{"class":587},[44,30211,590],{"class":583},[44,30213,66],{"class":58},[44,30215,74],{"class":62},[44,30217,133],{"class":58},[44,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30221,26860],{"class":123},[44,30223,127],{"class":58},[44,30225,590],{"class":583},[44,30227,176],{"class":587},[44,30229,590],{"class":583},[44,30231,17070],{"class":58},[44,30233,30234],{"class":62}," 1\n",[44,30236,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30238,160],{"class":58},[44,30240,590],{"class":583},[44,30242,130],{"class":587},[44,30244,590],{"class":583},[44,30246,1598],{"class":58},[44,30248,69],{"class":62},[44,30250,82],{"class":58},[20,30252,1296,30253,30257],{},[176,30254,30255],{"href":13183},[15,30256,13379],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30259,1296,30260,30262],{},[15,30261,13386],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,30264,30266],{"id":30265},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30268,30269,30270,30272],{},"Calling ",[15,30271,13386],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,30274,30276],{"className":37,"code":30275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30277,30278,30286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30279,30280,30282,30284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30281,9788],{"class":50},[44,30283,55],{"class":54},[44,30285,10458],{"class":58},[44,30287,30288,30290,30292,30294],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30289,9827],{"class":50},[44,30291,120],{"class":58},[44,30293,29166],{"class":123},[44,30295,571],{"class":58},[20,30297,30298],{},[197,30299,30300],{},"Error:",[35,30302,30304],{"className":37,"code":30303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30305,30306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30307,30308,30310,30312,30314,30317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30309,20305],{"class":548},[44,30311,1598],{"class":58},[44,30313,584],{"class":583},[44,30315,30316],{"class":587},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,30318,30319],{"class":583},"'\n",[1044,30321,30323],{"id":30322},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,30325,30327],{"className":37,"code":30326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30328,30329,30337,30341,30349,30364,30374,30380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30330,30331,30333,30335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30332,9788],{"class":50},[44,30334,55],{"class":54},[44,30336,10458],{"class":58},[44,30338,30339],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30340,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30342,30343,30345,30347],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30344,7615],{"class":4496},[44,30346,15184],{"class":50},[44,30348,7011],{"class":58},[44,30350,30351,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,30352,30353],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,30355,55],{"class":54},[44,30357,15184],{"class":50},[44,30359,120],{"class":58},[44,30361,29166],{"class":123},[44,30363,571],{"class":58},[44,30365,30366,30368,30370,30372],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,30367,8690],{"class":139},[44,30369,127],{"class":58},[44,30371,23928],{"class":123},[44,30373,133],{"class":58},[44,30375,30376,30378],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,30377,28053],{"class":4496},[44,30379,7011],{"class":58},[44,30381,30382,30384,30386,30388,30391,30393],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,30383,8690],{"class":139},[44,30385,127],{"class":58},[44,30387,633],{"class":583},[44,30389,30390],{"class":587},"Dictionary is empty",[44,30392,633],{"class":583},[44,30394,133],{"class":58},[1044,30396,30398,30399],{"id":30397},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30400,30401],{},"try-except",[35,30403,30405],{"className":37,"code":30404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30406,30407,30415,30419,30426,30440,30450,30460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30408,30409,30411,30413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30410,9788],{"class":50},[44,30412,55],{"class":54},[44,30414,10458],{"class":58},[44,30416,30417],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30418,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30420,30421,30424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30422,30423],{"class":4496},"try",[44,30425,7011],{"class":58},[44,30427,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,30429,30353],{"class":50},[44,30431,55],{"class":54},[44,30433,15184],{"class":50},[44,30435,120],{"class":58},[44,30437,29166],{"class":123},[44,30439,571],{"class":58},[44,30441,30442,30444,30446,30448],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,30443,8690],{"class":139},[44,30445,127],{"class":58},[44,30447,23928],{"class":123},[44,30449,133],{"class":58},[44,30451,30452,30455,30458],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,30453,30454],{"class":4496},"except",[44,30456,30457],{"class":548}," KeyError",[44,30459,7011],{"class":58},[44,30461,30462,30464,30466,30468,30471,30473],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,30463,8690],{"class":139},[44,30465,127],{"class":58},[44,30467,633],{"class":583},[44,30469,30470],{"class":587},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,30472,633],{"class":583},[44,30474,133],{"class":58},[20,30476,30477,30478,120],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[176,30479,26298,30481],{"href":30480},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30482,30483],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,30485,5578,30487],{"id":30486},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30488,13386],{},[20,30490,30491,30493],{},[15,30492,13386],{}," is useful when:",[205,30495,30496,30499,30502],{},[208,30497,30498],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[208,30500,30501],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[208,30503,30504],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30506,30507],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,30509,30511],{"className":37,"code":30510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30512,30513,30522,30542,30562,30580,30584,30588,30598,30617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30514,30515,30518,30520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30516,30517],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,30519,55],{"class":54},[44,30521,12109],{"class":58},[44,30523,30524,30526,30529,30531,30533,30535,30538,30540],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30525,12114],{"class":583},[44,30527,30528],{"class":587},"first",[44,30530,633],{"class":583},[44,30532,1598],{"class":58},[44,30534,643],{"class":583},[44,30536,30537],{"class":587},"wash dishes",[44,30539,633],{"class":583},[44,30541,12130],{"class":58},[44,30543,30544,30546,30549,30551,30553,30555,30558,30560],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30545,12114],{"class":583},[44,30547,30548],{"class":587},"second",[44,30550,633],{"class":583},[44,30552,1598],{"class":58},[44,30554,643],{"class":583},[44,30556,30557],{"class":587},"do homework",[44,30559,633],{"class":583},[44,30561,12130],{"class":58},[44,30563,30564,30566,30569,30571,30573,30575,30578],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,30565,12114],{"class":583},[44,30567,30568],{"class":587},"third",[44,30570,633],{"class":583},[44,30572,1598],{"class":58},[44,30574,643],{"class":583},[44,30576,30577],{"class":587},"read book",[44,30579,3979],{"class":583},[44,30581,30582],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,30583,82],{"class":58},[44,30585,30586],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,30587,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30589,30590,30593,30596],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,30591,30592],{"class":4496},"while",[44,30594,30595],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,30597,7011],{"class":58},[44,30599,30600,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,30601,30602],{"class":50},"    key",[44,30604,66],{"class":58},[44,30606,22202],{"class":50},[44,30608,55],{"class":54},[44,30610,30595],{"class":50},[44,30612,120],{"class":58},[44,30614,29166],{"class":123},[44,30616,571],{"class":58},[44,30618,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,30620,8690],{"class":139},[44,30622,127],{"class":58},[44,30624,22912],{"class":579},[44,30626,633],{"class":587},[44,30628,160],{"class":62},[44,30630,15459],{"class":123},[44,30632,22921],{"class":62},[44,30634,22924],{"class":587},[44,30636,160],{"class":62},[44,30638,3100],{"class":123},[44,30640,22921],{"class":62},[44,30642,633],{"class":587},[44,30644,133],{"class":58},[20,30646,30647],{},[197,30648,756],{},[35,30650,30652],{"className":37,"code":30651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30653,30654,30663,30672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30655,30656,30658,30660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30657,30568],{"class":50},[44,30659,1598],{"class":58},[44,30661,30662],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,30664,30665,30667,30669],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30666,30548],{"class":50},[44,30668,1598],{"class":58},[44,30670,30671],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,30673,30674,30676,30678],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30675,30528],{"class":50},[44,30677,1598],{"class":58},[44,30679,30680],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,30682,29680,30683,30685],{},[15,30684,13386],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,30687,3454],{"id":3453},[20,30689,15351,30690,1598],{},[15,30691,13386],{},[205,30693,30694,30708,30727,30738],{},[208,30695,30696,30701],{},[197,30697,30269,30698,30700],{},[15,30699,13386],{}," on an empty dictionary",[205,30702,30703],{},[208,30704,30705,30706,120],{},"This raises ",[15,30707,20305],{},[208,30709,30710,30715],{},[197,30711,9075,30712,30714],{},[15,30713,13386],{}," to remove a specific key",[205,30716,30717,30720],{},[208,30718,30719],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[208,30721,1296,30722,30726],{},[176,30723,30724],{"href":13183},[15,30725,13379],{}," if you need that.",[208,30728,30729,30733],{},[197,30730,5321,30731,28319],{},[15,30732,13386],{},[205,30734,30735],{},[208,30736,30737],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[208,30739,30740,30743],{},[197,30741,30742],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[205,30744,30745],{},[208,30746,30747,22593,30749,30751],{},[15,30748,13386],{},[15,30750,22273],{}," tuple.",[20,30753,30754],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,30756,30758],{"className":37,"code":30757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30759,30760,30770,30784,30788,30802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30761,30762,30764,30766,30768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30763,140],{"class":139},[44,30765,127],{"class":58},[44,30767,12067],{"class":123},[44,30769,133],{"class":58},[44,30771,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30773,140],{"class":139},[44,30775,127],{"class":58},[44,30777,2441],{"class":139},[44,30779,127],{"class":58},[44,30781,12067],{"class":123},[44,30783,556],{"class":58},[44,30785,30786],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30787,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,30789,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,30791,29157],{"class":50},[44,30793,55],{"class":54},[44,30795,12382],{"class":50},[44,30797,120],{"class":58},[44,30799,29166],{"class":123},[44,30801,571],{"class":58},[44,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,30805,140],{"class":139},[44,30807,127],{"class":58},[44,30809,23928],{"class":123},[44,30811,133],{"class":58},[20,30813,30814],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30816,30818],{"className":37,"code":30817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30819,30820,30838,30848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30821,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30823,15459],{"class":50},[44,30825,66],{"class":58},[44,30827,22202],{"class":50},[44,30829,55],{"class":54},[44,30831,12382],{"class":50},[44,30833,120],{"class":58},[44,30835,29166],{"class":123},[44,30837,571],{"class":58},[44,30839,30840,30842,30844,30846],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,30841,140],{"class":139},[44,30843,127],{"class":58},[44,30845,15459],{"class":123},[44,30847,133],{"class":58},[44,30849,30850,30852,30854,30856],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,30851,140],{"class":139},[44,30853,127],{"class":58},[44,30855,3100],{"class":123},[44,30857,133],{"class":58},[30,30859,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,30861,5760,30863,5763],{"id":30862},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30864,13386],{},[20,30866,30867,30868,120],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30869,30870],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1044,30872,2482,30874,30876],{"id":30873},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30875,13386],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30878,30879],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1044,30881,30883,30884,30886],{"id":30882},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30885,13386],{}," removes?",[20,30888,30889,30890,30894],{},"No. Use ",[176,30891,30892],{"href":13183},[15,30893,13379],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1044,30896,2482,30898,15514],{"id":30897},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30899,13386],{},[20,30901,30902],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1044,30904,30906,30907,30909],{"id":30905},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30908,13386],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30911,30912,30913,30915,30916,120],{},"It raises ",[15,30914,20305],{}," with the message ",[15,30917,30316],{},[30,30919,2528],{"id":2527},[205,30921,30922,30929,30935,30941,30947,30954,30958,30962],{},[208,30923,30924],{},[176,30925,30926,30928],{"href":13183},[15,30927,13379],{}," method for dictionaries",[208,30930,30931],{},[176,30932,30933,30928],{"href":17694},[15,30934,17697],{},[208,30936,30937],{},[176,30938,30939,30928],{"href":17681},[15,30940,17684],{},[208,30942,30943],{},[176,30944,30945,30928],{"href":17687},[15,30946,17690],{},[208,30948,30949],{},[176,30950,30952,30928],{"href":30951},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30953,11939],{},[208,30955,30956],{},[176,30957,13403],{"href":13190},[208,30959,30960],{},[176,30961,22075],{"href":17215},[208,30963,30964],{},[176,30965,30966,30967],{"href":30480},"Fix ",[15,30968,30483],{},[2554,30970,30971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":30973},[30974,30975,30977,30978,30979,30980,30981,30982,30987,30992,30994,30995,31007],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":29253,"depth":85,"text":30976},"What popitem() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":29323,"depth":85,"text":29324},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":29676,"depth":85,"text":29677},{"id":29868,"depth":85,"text":29869},{"id":29996,"depth":85,"text":30983,"children":30984},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30985,30986],{"id":29166,"depth":109,"text":13386},{"id":26860,"depth":109,"text":13379},{"id":30265,"depth":85,"text":30266,"children":30988},[30989,30990],{"id":30322,"depth":109,"text":30323},{"id":30397,"depth":109,"text":30991},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30486,"depth":85,"text":30993},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":30996},[30997,30999,31001,31003,31005],{"id":30862,"depth":109,"text":30998},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30873,"depth":109,"text":31000},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30882,"depth":109,"text":31002},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30897,"depth":109,"text":31004},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30905,"depth":109,"text":31006},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28992,"description":31008},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31015,"title":31016,"body":31017,"description":32920,"extension":2593,"meta":32921,"navigation":364,"path":14650,"seo":32922,"stem":32923,"__hash__":32924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31018,"toc":32892},[31019,31024,31029,31032,31034,31131,31136,31141,31146,31149,31157,31160,31175,31177,31277,31279,31336,31340,31342,31345,31365,31370,31381,31384,31411,31414,31416,31473,31475,31496,31502,31507,31510,31521,31523,31631,31633,31686,31688,31700,31707,31713,31718,31721,31809,31811,31856,31859,31867,31870,31873,31942,31945,31948,31952,31955,32026,32028,32081,32084,32087,32090,32105,32108,32120,32123,32186,32188,32194,32196,32198,32277,32279,32320,32322,32387,32389,32426,32431,32436,32440,32454,32457,32580,32582,32667,32672,32674,32678,32700,32703,32783,32786,32805,32810,32812,32818,32823,32829,32832,32838,32841,32847,32852,32858,32864,32866,32889],[10,31020,11936,31022,18],{"id":31021},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,31023,15572],{},[20,31025,192,31026,31028],{},[15,31027,15572],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,31030,31031],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,31033,2634],{"id":2633},[35,31035,31037],{"className":37,"code":31036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31038,31039,31075,31116,31126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31040,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31042,13821],{"class":50},[44,31044,55],{"class":54},[44,31046,59],{"class":58},[44,31048,633],{"class":583},[44,31050,8287],{"class":587},[44,31052,633],{"class":583},[44,31054,1598],{"class":58},[44,31056,643],{"class":583},[44,31058,13497],{"class":587},[44,31060,633],{"class":583},[44,31062,66],{"class":58},[44,31064,643],{"class":583},[44,31066,9921],{"class":587},[44,31068,633],{"class":583},[44,31070,1598],{"class":58},[44,31072,8410],{"class":62},[44,31074,82],{"class":58},[44,31076,31077,31079,31081,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31078,17926],{"class":50},[44,31080,120],{"class":58},[44,31082,31083],{"class":123},"update",[44,31085,6147],{"class":58},[44,31087,633],{"class":583},[44,31089,9921],{"class":587},[44,31091,633],{"class":583},[44,31093,1598],{"class":58},[44,31095,31096],{"class":62}," 21",[44,31098,66],{"class":58},[44,31100,643],{"class":583},[44,31102,11029],{"class":587},[44,31104,633],{"class":583},[44,31106,1598],{"class":58},[44,31108,643],{"class":583},[44,31110,16649],{"class":587},[44,31112,633],{"class":583},[44,31114,31115],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,31117,31118,31120,31122,31124],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31119,140],{"class":139},[44,31121,127],{"class":58},[44,31123,17926],{"class":123},[44,31125,133],{"class":58},[44,31127,31128],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,31129,31130],{"class":1992},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31132,1296,31133,31135],{},[15,31134,15572],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,31137,186,31139,189],{"id":31138},"what-update-does",[15,31140,15572],{},[20,31142,31143,31145],{},[15,31144,15572],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31147,31148],{},"It can do two main things:",[205,31150,31151,31154],{},[208,31152,31153],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[208,31155,31156],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31158,31159],{},"Important things to know:",[205,31161,31162,31165,31168,31172],{},[208,31163,31164],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[208,31166,31167],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[208,31169,5766,31170],{},[15,31171,4398],{},[208,31173,31174],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31176,295],{},[35,31178,31180],{"className":37,"code":31179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31181,31182,31224,31267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31220,31222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31185,13480],{"class":50},[44,31187,55],{"class":54},[44,31189,59],{"class":58},[44,31191,633],{"class":583},[44,31193,8287],{"class":587},[44,31195,633],{"class":583},[44,31197,1598],{"class":58},[44,31199,643],{"class":583},[44,31201,31202],{"class":587},"Mira",[44,31204,633],{"class":583},[44,31206,66],{"class":58},[44,31208,643],{"class":583},[44,31210,20509],{"class":587},[44,31212,633],{"class":583},[44,31214,1598],{"class":58},[44,31216,643],{"class":583},[44,31218,31219],{"class":587},"B",[44,31221,633],{"class":583},[44,31223,82],{"class":58},[44,31225,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31263,31265],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31227,14243],{"class":50},[44,31229,120],{"class":58},[44,31231,31083],{"class":123},[44,31233,6147],{"class":58},[44,31235,633],{"class":583},[44,31237,20509],{"class":587},[44,31239,633],{"class":583},[44,31241,1598],{"class":58},[44,31243,643],{"class":583},[44,31245,22863],{"class":587},[44,31247,633],{"class":583},[44,31249,66],{"class":58},[44,31251,643],{"class":583},[44,31253,11029],{"class":587},[44,31255,633],{"class":583},[44,31257,1598],{"class":58},[44,31259,643],{"class":583},[44,31261,31262],{"class":587},"Quito",[44,31264,633],{"class":583},[44,31266,31115],{"class":58},[44,31268,31269,31271,31273,31275],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31270,140],{"class":139},[44,31272,127],{"class":58},[44,31274,14243],{"class":123},[44,31276,133],{"class":58},[20,31278,150],{},[35,31280,31282],{"className":37,"code":31281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31283,31284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31285,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31287,160],{"class":58},[44,31289,590],{"class":583},[44,31291,8287],{"class":587},[44,31293,590],{"class":583},[44,31295,1598],{"class":58},[44,31297,584],{"class":583},[44,31299,31202],{"class":587},[44,31301,590],{"class":583},[44,31303,66],{"class":58},[44,31305,584],{"class":583},[44,31307,20509],{"class":587},[44,31309,590],{"class":583},[44,31311,1598],{"class":58},[44,31313,584],{"class":583},[44,31315,22863],{"class":587},[44,31317,590],{"class":583},[44,31319,66],{"class":58},[44,31321,584],{"class":583},[44,31323,11029],{"class":587},[44,31325,590],{"class":583},[44,31327,1598],{"class":58},[44,31329,584],{"class":583},[44,31331,31262],{"class":587},[44,31333,590],{"class":583},[44,31335,82],{"class":58},[20,31337,9774,31338,120],{},[176,31339,25246],{"href":10012},[30,31341,234],{"id":233},[20,31343,31344],{},"The basic form is:",[35,31346,31348],{"className":37,"code":31347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31349,31350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31353,16223],{"class":50},[44,31355,120],{"class":58},[44,31357,31083],{"class":123},[44,31359,127],{"class":58},[44,31361,31362],{"class":123},"other",[44,31364,133],{"class":58},[20,31366,31367,31369],{},[15,31368,31362],{}," can be:",[205,31371,31372,31375,31378],{},[208,31373,31374],{},"Another dictionary",[208,31376,31377],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[208,31379,31380],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31382,31383],{},"You can also use:",[35,31385,31387],{"className":37,"code":31386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31388,31389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31390,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31392,16223],{"class":50},[44,31394,120],{"class":58},[44,31396,31083],{"class":123},[44,31398,127],{"class":58},[44,31400,8287],{"class":9798},[44,31402,55],{"class":54},[44,31404,633],{"class":583},[44,31406,8296],{"class":587},[44,31408,633],{"class":583},[44,31410,133],{"class":58},[20,31412,31413],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31415,295],{},[35,31417,31419],{"className":37,"code":31418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31420,31421,31441,31463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31422,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31424,9788],{"class":50},[44,31426,55],{"class":54},[44,31428,59],{"class":58},[44,31430,633],{"class":583},[44,31432,176],{"class":587},[44,31434,633],{"class":583},[44,31436,1598],{"class":58},[44,31438,2212],{"class":62},[44,31440,82],{"class":58},[44,31442,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31444,9827],{"class":50},[44,31446,120],{"class":58},[44,31448,31083],{"class":123},[44,31450,6147],{"class":58},[44,31452,633],{"class":583},[44,31454,176],{"class":587},[44,31456,633],{"class":583},[44,31458,1598],{"class":58},[44,31460,6622],{"class":62},[44,31462,31115],{"class":58},[44,31464,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31466,140],{"class":139},[44,31468,127],{"class":58},[44,31470,9827],{"class":123},[44,31472,133],{"class":58},[20,31474,150],{},[35,31476,31478],{"className":37,"code":31477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31479,31480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31481,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31483,160],{"class":58},[44,31485,590],{"class":583},[44,31487,176],{"class":587},[44,31489,590],{"class":583},[44,31491,1598],{"class":58},[44,31493,6622],{"class":62},[44,31495,82],{"class":58},[30,31497,863,31499,31501],{"id":31498},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31500,15572],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31503,31504,31505,120],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31506,15572],{},[20,31508,31509],{},"It is useful when:",[205,31511,31512,31515,31518],{},[208,31513,31514],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[208,31516,31517],{},"Adding extra settings",[208,31519,31520],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31522,295],{},[35,31524,31526],{"className":37,"code":31525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31527,31528,31565,31602,31606,31621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31529,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31531,14443],{"class":50},[44,31533,55],{"class":54},[44,31535,59],{"class":58},[44,31537,633],{"class":583},[44,31539,13111],{"class":587},[44,31541,633],{"class":583},[44,31543,1598],{"class":58},[44,31545,643],{"class":583},[44,31547,21546],{"class":587},[44,31549,633],{"class":583},[44,31551,66],{"class":58},[44,31553,643],{"class":583},[44,31555,14468],{"class":587},[44,31557,633],{"class":583},[44,31559,1598],{"class":58},[44,31561,31562],{"class":62}," 12",[44,31564,82],{"class":58},[44,31566,31567,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31568,31569],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,31571,55],{"class":54},[44,31573,59],{"class":58},[44,31575,633],{"class":583},[44,31577,14468],{"class":587},[44,31579,633],{"class":583},[44,31581,1598],{"class":58},[44,31583,14475],{"class":62},[44,31585,66],{"class":58},[44,31587,643],{"class":583},[44,31589,20741],{"class":587},[44,31591,633],{"class":583},[44,31593,1598],{"class":58},[44,31595,643],{"class":583},[44,31597,20775],{"class":587},[44,31599,633],{"class":583},[44,31601,82],{"class":58},[44,31603,31604],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31605,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,31607,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31619],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,31609,14502],{"class":50},[44,31611,120],{"class":58},[44,31613,31083],{"class":123},[44,31615,127],{"class":58},[44,31617,31618],{"class":123},"new_settings",[44,31620,133],{"class":58},[44,31622,31623,31625,31627,31629],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,31624,140],{"class":139},[44,31626,127],{"class":58},[44,31628,14502],{"class":123},[44,31630,133],{"class":58},[20,31632,150],{},[35,31634,31636],{"className":37,"code":31635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31637,31638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31639,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31641,160],{"class":58},[44,31643,590],{"class":583},[44,31645,13111],{"class":587},[44,31647,590],{"class":583},[44,31649,1598],{"class":58},[44,31651,584],{"class":583},[44,31653,21546],{"class":587},[44,31655,590],{"class":583},[44,31657,66],{"class":58},[44,31659,584],{"class":583},[44,31661,14468],{"class":587},[44,31663,590],{"class":583},[44,31665,1598],{"class":58},[44,31667,14475],{"class":62},[44,31669,66],{"class":58},[44,31671,584],{"class":583},[44,31673,20741],{"class":587},[44,31675,590],{"class":583},[44,31677,1598],{"class":58},[44,31679,584],{"class":583},[44,31681,20775],{"class":587},[44,31683,590],{"class":583},[44,31685,82],{"class":58},[20,31687,14026],{},[205,31689,31690,31695],{},[208,31691,31692,31694],{},[15,31693,14468],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[208,31696,31697,31699],{},[15,31698,20741],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31701,31702,31703,120],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[176,31704,31706],{"href":31705},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,31708,863,31710,31712],{"id":31709},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31711,15572],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31714,31715,31717],{},[15,31716,15572],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31719,31720],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,31722,31724],{"className":37,"code":31723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31725,31726,31746,31781,31785,31799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31727,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31729,5681],{"class":50},[44,31731,55],{"class":54},[44,31733,59],{"class":58},[44,31735,633],{"class":583},[44,31737,19035],{"class":587},[44,31739,633],{"class":583},[44,31741,1598],{"class":58},[44,31743,20516],{"class":62},[44,31745,82],{"class":58},[44,31747,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31773,31775,31777,31779],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31749,9838],{"class":50},[44,31751,55],{"class":54},[44,31753,9843],{"class":58},[44,31755,633],{"class":583},[44,31757,19044],{"class":587},[44,31759,633],{"class":583},[44,31761,66],{"class":58},[44,31763,14124],{"class":62},[44,31765,9856],{"class":58},[44,31767,9859],{"class":58},[44,31769,633],{"class":583},[44,31771,31772],{"class":587},"english",[44,31774,633],{"class":583},[44,31776,66],{"class":58},[44,31778,29539],{"class":62},[44,31780,9872],{"class":58},[44,31782,31783],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31784,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,31786,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,31788,17007],{"class":50},[44,31790,120],{"class":58},[44,31792,31083],{"class":123},[44,31794,127],{"class":58},[44,31796,9885],{"class":123},[44,31798,133],{"class":58},[44,31800,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,31802,140],{"class":139},[44,31804,127],{"class":58},[44,31806,17007],{"class":123},[44,31808,133],{"class":58},[20,31810,150],{},[35,31812,31814],{"className":37,"code":31813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31815,31816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31817,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31819,160],{"class":58},[44,31821,590],{"class":583},[44,31823,19035],{"class":587},[44,31825,590],{"class":583},[44,31827,1598],{"class":58},[44,31829,20516],{"class":62},[44,31831,66],{"class":58},[44,31833,584],{"class":583},[44,31835,19044],{"class":587},[44,31837,590],{"class":583},[44,31839,1598],{"class":58},[44,31841,14124],{"class":62},[44,31843,66],{"class":58},[44,31845,584],{"class":583},[44,31847,31772],{"class":587},[44,31849,590],{"class":583},[44,31851,1598],{"class":58},[44,31853,29539],{"class":62},[44,31855,82],{"class":58},[20,31857,31858],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[205,31860,31861,31864],{},[208,31862,31863],{},"The key",[208,31865,31866],{},"The value",[20,31868,31869],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31871,31872],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,31874,31876],{"className":37,"code":31875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31877,31878,31898,31923,31927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31879,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31881,9788],{"class":50},[44,31883,55],{"class":54},[44,31885,59],{"class":58},[44,31887,633],{"class":583},[44,31889,176],{"class":587},[44,31891,633],{"class":583},[44,31893,1598],{"class":58},[44,31895,2212],{"class":62},[44,31897,82],{"class":58},[44,31899,31900,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31901,31902],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,31904,55],{"class":54},[44,31906,9843],{"class":58},[44,31908,633],{"class":583},[44,31910,130],{"class":587},[44,31912,633],{"class":583},[44,31914,66],{"class":58},[44,31916,69],{"class":62},[44,31918,66],{"class":58},[44,31920,74],{"class":62},[44,31922,9872],{"class":58},[44,31924,31925],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,31926,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,31928,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31940],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,31930,9827],{"class":50},[44,31932,120],{"class":58},[44,31934,31083],{"class":123},[44,31936,127],{"class":58},[44,31938,31939],{"class":123},"bad_pairs",[44,31941,133],{"class":58},[20,31943,31944],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31946,31947],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,31949,31951],{"id":31950},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31953,31954],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31956,31958],{"className":37,"code":31957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31959,31960,31984,32016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31961,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31963,12104],{"class":50},[44,31965,55],{"class":54},[44,31967,59],{"class":58},[44,31969,633],{"class":583},[44,31971,8287],{"class":587},[44,31973,633],{"class":583},[44,31975,1598],{"class":58},[44,31977,643],{"class":583},[44,31979,29532],{"class":587},[44,31981,633],{"class":583},[44,31983,82],{"class":58},[44,31985,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32005,32007,32009,32012,32014],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,31987,12198],{"class":50},[44,31989,120],{"class":58},[44,31991,31083],{"class":123},[44,31993,127],{"class":58},[44,31995,9921],{"class":9798},[44,31997,55],{"class":54},[44,31999,9816],{"class":62},[44,32001,66],{"class":58},[44,32003,32004],{"class":9798}," city",[44,32006,55],{"class":54},[44,32008,633],{"class":583},[44,32010,32011],{"class":587},"Madrid",[44,32013,633],{"class":583},[44,32015,133],{"class":58},[44,32017,32018,32020,32022,32024],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32019,140],{"class":139},[44,32021,127],{"class":58},[44,32023,12198],{"class":123},[44,32025,133],{"class":58},[20,32027,150],{},[35,32029,32031],{"className":37,"code":32030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,32032,32033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32036,160],{"class":58},[44,32038,590],{"class":583},[44,32040,8287],{"class":587},[44,32042,590],{"class":583},[44,32044,1598],{"class":58},[44,32046,584],{"class":583},[44,32048,29532],{"class":587},[44,32050,590],{"class":583},[44,32052,66],{"class":58},[44,32054,584],{"class":583},[44,32056,9921],{"class":587},[44,32058,590],{"class":583},[44,32060,1598],{"class":58},[44,32062,9928],{"class":62},[44,32064,66],{"class":58},[44,32066,584],{"class":583},[44,32068,11029],{"class":587},[44,32070,590],{"class":583},[44,32072,1598],{"class":58},[44,32074,584],{"class":583},[44,32076,32011],{"class":587},[44,32078,590],{"class":583},[44,32080,82],{"class":58},[20,32082,32083],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32085,32086],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32088,32089],{},"These work:",[205,32091,32092,32096,32100],{},[208,32093,32094],{},[15,32095,9921],{},[208,32097,32098],{},[15,32099,11029],{},[208,32101,32102],{},[15,32103,32104],{},"first_name",[20,32106,32107],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[205,32109,32110,32115],{},[208,32111,32112],{},[15,32113,32114],{},"\"first name\"",[208,32116,32117],{},[15,32118,32119],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32121,32122],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,32124,32126],{"className":37,"code":32125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32127,32128,32136,32176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32129,32130,32132,32134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32131,12104],{"class":50},[44,32133,55],{"class":54},[44,32135,10458],{"class":58},[44,32137,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32167,32169,32171,32174],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32139,12198],{"class":50},[44,32141,120],{"class":58},[44,32143,31083],{"class":123},[44,32145,6147],{"class":58},[44,32147,633],{"class":583},[44,32149,11132],{"class":587},[44,32151,633],{"class":583},[44,32153,1598],{"class":58},[44,32155,643],{"class":583},[44,32157,29532],{"class":587},[44,32159,633],{"class":583},[44,32161,66],{"class":58},[44,32163,643],{"class":583},[44,32165,32166],{"class":587},"user-id",[44,32168,633],{"class":583},[44,32170,1598],{"class":58},[44,32172,32173],{"class":62}," 1001",[44,32175,31115],{"class":58},[44,32177,32178,32180,32182,32184],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32179,140],{"class":139},[44,32181,127],{"class":58},[44,32183,12198],{"class":123},[44,32185,133],{"class":58},[30,32187,437],{"id":436},[20,32189,32190,3025,32192,120],{},[15,32191,15572],{},[15,32193,4398],{},[20,32195,14666],{},[20,32197,25326],{},[35,32199,32201],{"className":37,"code":32200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32202,32203,32227,32253,32257,32267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32204,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32206,13821],{"class":50},[44,32208,55],{"class":54},[44,32210,59],{"class":58},[44,32212,633],{"class":583},[44,32214,8287],{"class":587},[44,32216,633],{"class":583},[44,32218,1598],{"class":58},[44,32220,643],{"class":583},[44,32222,13497],{"class":587},[44,32224,633],{"class":583},[44,32226,82],{"class":58},[44,32228,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32230,112],{"class":50},[44,32232,55],{"class":54},[44,32234,13864],{"class":50},[44,32236,120],{"class":58},[44,32238,31083],{"class":123},[44,32240,6147],{"class":58},[44,32242,633],{"class":583},[44,32244,9921],{"class":587},[44,32246,633],{"class":583},[44,32248,1598],{"class":58},[44,32250,8410],{"class":62},[44,32252,31115],{"class":58},[44,32254,32255],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32256,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,32258,32259,32261,32263,32265],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,32260,140],{"class":139},[44,32262,127],{"class":58},[44,32264,145],{"class":123},[44,32266,133],{"class":58},[44,32268,32269,32271,32273,32275],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,32270,140],{"class":139},[44,32272,127],{"class":58},[44,32274,17926],{"class":123},[44,32276,133],{"class":58},[20,32278,150],{},[35,32280,32282],{"className":37,"code":32281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32283,32284,32288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32285,32286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32287,12424],{"class":4471},[44,32289,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32291,160],{"class":58},[44,32293,590],{"class":583},[44,32295,8287],{"class":587},[44,32297,590],{"class":583},[44,32299,1598],{"class":58},[44,32301,584],{"class":583},[44,32303,13497],{"class":587},[44,32305,590],{"class":583},[44,32307,66],{"class":58},[44,32309,584],{"class":583},[44,32311,9921],{"class":587},[44,32313,590],{"class":583},[44,32315,1598],{"class":58},[44,32317,8410],{"class":62},[44,32319,82],{"class":58},[20,32321,17274],{},[35,32323,32325],{"className":37,"code":32324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32326,32327,32351,32373,32377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32328,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32330,13821],{"class":50},[44,32332,55],{"class":54},[44,32334,59],{"class":58},[44,32336,633],{"class":583},[44,32338,8287],{"class":587},[44,32340,633],{"class":583},[44,32342,1598],{"class":58},[44,32344,643],{"class":583},[44,32346,13497],{"class":587},[44,32348,633],{"class":583},[44,32350,82],{"class":58},[44,32352,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32354,17926],{"class":50},[44,32356,120],{"class":58},[44,32358,31083],{"class":123},[44,32360,6147],{"class":58},[44,32362,633],{"class":583},[44,32364,9921],{"class":587},[44,32366,633],{"class":583},[44,32368,1598],{"class":58},[44,32370,8410],{"class":62},[44,32372,31115],{"class":58},[44,32374,32375],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32376,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,32378,32379,32381,32383,32385],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,32380,140],{"class":139},[44,32382,127],{"class":58},[44,32384,17926],{"class":123},[44,32386,133],{"class":58},[20,32388,150],{},[35,32390,32392],{"className":37,"code":32391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32393,32394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32395,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32397,160],{"class":58},[44,32399,590],{"class":583},[44,32401,8287],{"class":587},[44,32403,590],{"class":583},[44,32405,1598],{"class":58},[44,32407,584],{"class":583},[44,32409,13497],{"class":587},[44,32411,590],{"class":583},[44,32413,66],{"class":58},[44,32415,584],{"class":583},[44,32417,9921],{"class":587},[44,32419,590],{"class":583},[44,32421,1598],{"class":58},[44,32423,8410],{"class":62},[44,32425,82],{"class":58},[20,32427,32428,32429,120],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[176,32430,18522],{"href":11350},[30,32432,5578,32434],{"id":32433},"when-to-use-update",[15,32435,15572],{},[20,32437,1296,32438,11220],{},[15,32439,15572],{},[205,32441,32442,32445,32448,32451],{},[208,32443,32444],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[208,32446,32447],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[208,32449,32450],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[208,32452,32453],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32455,32456],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,32458,32460],{"className":37,"code":32459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32461,32462,32498,32513,32517,32556,32560,32570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32463,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32465,12702],{"class":50},[44,32467,55],{"class":54},[44,32469,59],{"class":58},[44,32471,633],{"class":583},[44,32473,8287],{"class":587},[44,32475,633],{"class":583},[44,32477,1598],{"class":58},[44,32479,643],{"class":583},[44,32481,13497],{"class":587},[44,32483,633],{"class":583},[44,32485,66],{"class":58},[44,32487,643],{"class":583},[44,32489,9921],{"class":587},[44,32491,633],{"class":583},[44,32493,1598],{"class":58},[44,32495,8410],{"class":62},[44,32497,82],{"class":58},[44,32499,32500,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32501,32502],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,32504,55],{"class":54},[44,32506,12777],{"class":50},[44,32508,120],{"class":58},[44,32510,13528],{"class":123},[44,32512,571],{"class":58},[44,32514,32515],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32516,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,32518,32519,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,32520,32521],{"class":50},"updated",[44,32523,120],{"class":58},[44,32525,31083],{"class":123},[44,32527,6147],{"class":58},[44,32529,633],{"class":583},[44,32531,9921],{"class":587},[44,32533,633],{"class":583},[44,32535,1598],{"class":58},[44,32537,31096],{"class":62},[44,32539,66],{"class":58},[44,32541,643],{"class":583},[44,32543,11029],{"class":587},[44,32545,633],{"class":583},[44,32547,1598],{"class":58},[44,32549,643],{"class":583},[44,32551,16649],{"class":587},[44,32553,633],{"class":583},[44,32555,31115],{"class":58},[44,32557,32558],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,32559,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,32561,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,32563,140],{"class":139},[44,32565,127],{"class":58},[44,32567,12749],{"class":123},[44,32569,133],{"class":58},[44,32571,32572,32574,32576,32578],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,32573,140],{"class":139},[44,32575,127],{"class":58},[44,32577,32521],{"class":123},[44,32579,133],{"class":58},[20,32581,150],{},[35,32583,32585],{"className":37,"code":32584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32586,32587,32619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32588,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32590,160],{"class":58},[44,32592,590],{"class":583},[44,32594,8287],{"class":587},[44,32596,590],{"class":583},[44,32598,1598],{"class":58},[44,32600,584],{"class":583},[44,32602,13497],{"class":587},[44,32604,590],{"class":583},[44,32606,66],{"class":58},[44,32608,584],{"class":583},[44,32610,9921],{"class":587},[44,32612,590],{"class":583},[44,32614,1598],{"class":58},[44,32616,8410],{"class":62},[44,32618,82],{"class":58},[44,32620,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32622,160],{"class":58},[44,32624,590],{"class":583},[44,32626,8287],{"class":587},[44,32628,590],{"class":583},[44,32630,1598],{"class":58},[44,32632,584],{"class":583},[44,32634,13497],{"class":587},[44,32636,590],{"class":583},[44,32638,66],{"class":58},[44,32640,584],{"class":583},[44,32642,9921],{"class":587},[44,32644,590],{"class":583},[44,32646,1598],{"class":58},[44,32648,31096],{"class":62},[44,32650,66],{"class":58},[44,32652,584],{"class":583},[44,32654,11029],{"class":587},[44,32656,590],{"class":583},[44,32658,1598],{"class":58},[44,32660,584],{"class":583},[44,32662,16649],{"class":587},[44,32664,590],{"class":583},[44,32666,82],{"class":58},[20,32668,32669,32670,120],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[176,32671,17216],{"href":17215},[30,32673,3454],{"id":3453},[20,32675,11366,32676,1598],{},[15,32677,15572],{},[205,32679,32680,32687,32691,32694,32697],{},[208,32681,13211,32682,32684,32685],{},[15,32683,15572],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32686,4398],{},[208,32688,9075,32689,13219],{},[15,32690,15572],{},[208,32692,32693],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[208,32695,32696],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[208,32698,32699],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32701,32702],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,32704,32706],{"className":37,"code":32705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32707,32708,32718,32732,32746,32768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32709,32710,32712,32714,32716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32711,140],{"class":139},[44,32713,127],{"class":58},[44,32715,12067],{"class":123},[44,32717,133],{"class":58},[44,32719,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,32721,140],{"class":139},[44,32723,127],{"class":58},[44,32725,549],{"class":548},[44,32727,127],{"class":58},[44,32729,9827],{"class":123},[44,32731,556],{"class":58},[44,32733,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,32735,140],{"class":139},[44,32737,127],{"class":58},[44,32739,8715],{"class":548},[44,32741,127],{"class":58},[44,32743,9827],{"class":123},[44,32745,556],{"class":58},[44,32747,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,32749,140],{"class":139},[44,32751,127],{"class":58},[44,32753,12067],{"class":123},[44,32755,120],{"class":58},[44,32757,20368],{"class":123},[44,32759,127],{"class":58},[44,32761,590],{"class":583},[44,32763,15459],{"class":587},[44,32765,590],{"class":583},[44,32767,556],{"class":58},[44,32769,32770,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,32771,32772],{"class":139},"help",[44,32774,127],{"class":58},[44,32776,9443],{"class":548},[44,32778,120],{"class":58},[44,32780,31083],{"class":25368},[44,32782,133],{"class":58},[20,32784,32785],{},"These can help you check:",[205,32787,32788,32791,32796,32799,32802],{},[208,32789,32790],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[208,32792,32793,32794],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32795,15572],{},[208,32797,32798],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[208,32800,32801],{},"Whether a key exists",[208,32803,32804],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32806,32807,32808,120],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[176,32809,11880],{"href":11693},[30,32811,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,32813,2482,32815,32817],{"id":32814},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32816,15572],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32819,32820,32821,120],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32822,4398],{},[1044,32824,2482,32826,32828],{"id":32825},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32827,15572],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32830,32831],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1044,32833,5788,32835,32837],{"id":32834},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32836,15572],{}," add new keys?",[20,32839,32840],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1044,32842,2509,32844,32846],{"id":32843},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32845,15572],{}," with a list?",[20,32848,32849,32850,120],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32851,11714],{},[1044,32853,2492,32855,32857],{"id":32854},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32856,15572],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32859,32860,32861,32863],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32862,15572],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,32865,2528],{"id":2527},[205,32867,32868,32872,32876,32881,32885],{},[208,32869,32870],{},[176,32871,26714],{"href":10012},[208,32873,32874],{},[176,32875,11869],{"href":11350},[208,32877,32878],{},[176,32879,32880],{"href":31705},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[208,32882,32883],{},[176,32884,22075],{"href":17215},[208,32886,32887],{},[176,32888,11880],{"href":11693},[2554,32890,32891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":32893},[32894,32895,32897,32898,32900,32902,32903,32904,32906,32907,32919],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":31138,"depth":85,"text":32896},"What update() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":31498,"depth":85,"text":32899},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31709,"depth":85,"text":32901},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31950,"depth":85,"text":31951},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":32433,"depth":85,"text":32905},"When to use update()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":32908},[32909,32911,32913,32915,32917],{"id":32814,"depth":109,"text":32910},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32825,"depth":109,"text":32912},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32834,"depth":109,"text":32914},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32843,"depth":109,"text":32916},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32854,"depth":109,"text":32918},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31016,"description":32920},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32926,"title":32927,"body":32928,"description":34915,"extension":2593,"meta":34916,"navigation":364,"path":23512,"seo":34917,"stem":34918,"__hash__":34919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32929,"toc":34878},[32930,32935,32942,32945,32947,33046,33048,33103,33108,33113,33127,33132,33134,33149,33151,33165,33178,33183,33189,33196,33198,33305,33307,33356,33362,33437,33439,33460,33462,33465,33570,33572,33627,33629,33657,33661,33666,33745,33747,33767,33769,33780,33790,33794,33799,33902,33904,33929,33932,33943,33948,33957,33960,33977,33979,34066,34068,34131,34133,34156,34158,34163,34169,34174,34176,34215,34220,34223,34242,34253,34259,34262,34335,34337,34356,34361,34364,34387,34393,34396,34460,34463,34540,34547,34550,34609,34615,34617,34636,34640,34643,34694,34697,34717,34719,34780,34782,34787,34792,34797,34802,34807,34812,34818,34821,34830,34838,34840,34875],[10,32931,11936,32933,18],{"id":32932},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32934,17690],{},[20,32936,32937,32938,32941],{},"The Python ",[15,32939,32940],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32943,32944],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32946,2634],{"id":2633},[35,32948,32950],{"className":37,"code":32949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32951,32952,33004,33018,33022,33032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32953,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32955,13480],{"class":50},[44,32957,55],{"class":54},[44,32959,59],{"class":58},[44,32961,633],{"class":583},[44,32963,8287],{"class":587},[44,32965,633],{"class":583},[44,32967,1598],{"class":58},[44,32969,643],{"class":583},[44,32971,13497],{"class":587},[44,32973,633],{"class":583},[44,32975,66],{"class":58},[44,32977,643],{"class":583},[44,32979,9921],{"class":587},[44,32981,633],{"class":583},[44,32983,1598],{"class":58},[44,32985,8410],{"class":62},[44,32987,66],{"class":58},[44,32989,643],{"class":583},[44,32991,11029],{"class":587},[44,32993,633],{"class":583},[44,32995,1598],{"class":58},[44,32997,643],{"class":583},[44,32999,16649],{"class":587},[44,33001,633],{"class":583},[44,33003,82],{"class":58},[44,33005,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33007,4441],{"class":50},[44,33009,55],{"class":54},[44,33011,13523],{"class":50},[44,33013,120],{"class":58},[44,33015,5976],{"class":123},[44,33017,571],{"class":58},[44,33019,33020],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33021,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33025,140],{"class":139},[44,33027,127],{"class":58},[44,33029,5976],{"class":123},[44,33031,133],{"class":58},[44,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,33035,140],{"class":139},[44,33037,127],{"class":58},[44,33039,8715],{"class":548},[44,33041,127],{"class":58},[44,33043,5976],{"class":123},[44,33045,556],{"class":58},[20,33047,150],{},[35,33049,33051],{"className":37,"code":33050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,33052,33053,33079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33054,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33056,17656],{"class":123},[44,33058,3609],{"class":58},[44,33060,590],{"class":583},[44,33062,13497],{"class":587},[44,33064,590],{"class":583},[44,33066,66],{"class":58},[44,33068,8410],{"class":62},[44,33070,66],{"class":58},[44,33072,584],{"class":583},[44,33074,16649],{"class":587},[44,33076,590],{"class":583},[44,33078,4509],{"class":58},[44,33080,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33082,4521],{"class":58},[44,33084,590],{"class":583},[44,33086,13497],{"class":587},[44,33088,590],{"class":583},[44,33090,66],{"class":58},[44,33092,8410],{"class":62},[44,33094,66],{"class":58},[44,33096,584],{"class":583},[44,33098,16649],{"class":587},[44,33100,590],{"class":583},[44,33102,1967],{"class":58},[20,33104,33105,33107],{},[15,33106,17690],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,33109,186,33111,189],{"id":33110},"what-values-does",[15,33112,17690],{},[205,33114,33115,33118,33121,33124],{},[208,33116,33117],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[208,33119,33120],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[208,33122,33123],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[208,33125,33126],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33128,33129,33130,120],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[176,33131,10013],{"href":10012},[30,33133,234],{"id":233},[35,33135,33137],{"className":37,"code":33136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33138,33139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33140,33141,33143,33145,33147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33142,12067],{"class":50},[44,33144,120],{"class":58},[44,33146,5976],{"class":123},[44,33148,571],{"class":58},[20,33150,203],{},[205,33152,33153,33157,33160],{},[208,33154,33155,12083],{},[15,33156,17690],{},[208,33158,33159],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[208,33161,33162,33163],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33164,17690],{},[20,33166,33167,33168,2495,33173,120],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[176,33169,33170,33172],{"href":17681},[15,33171,17684],{}," for dictionary keys",[176,33174,33175,33177],{"href":17694},[15,33176,17697],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,33179,186,33181,12321],{"id":33180},"what-values-returns",[15,33182,17690],{},[20,33184,33185,22593,33187,25382],{},[15,33186,17690],{},[15,33188,17656],{},[20,33190,33191,33192,33195],{},"This object is a ",[197,33193,33194],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33197,295],{},[35,33199,33201],{"className":37,"code":33200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33202,33203,33239,33243,33258,33269,33273,33295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33204,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33206,13821],{"class":50},[44,33208,55],{"class":54},[44,33210,59],{"class":58},[44,33212,633],{"class":583},[44,33214,8287],{"class":587},[44,33216,633],{"class":583},[44,33218,1598],{"class":58},[44,33220,643],{"class":583},[44,33222,8542],{"class":587},[44,33224,633],{"class":583},[44,33226,66],{"class":58},[44,33228,643],{"class":583},[44,33230,9921],{"class":587},[44,33232,633],{"class":583},[44,33234,1598],{"class":58},[44,33236,9928],{"class":62},[44,33238,82],{"class":58},[44,33240,33241],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33242,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33244,33245,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33246,33247],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,33249,55],{"class":54},[44,33251,13864],{"class":50},[44,33253,120],{"class":58},[44,33255,5976],{"class":123},[44,33257,571],{"class":58},[44,33259,33260,33262,33264,33267],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33261,140],{"class":139},[44,33263,127],{"class":58},[44,33265,33266],{"class":123},"values_view",[44,33268,133],{"class":58},[44,33270,33271],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,33272,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33274,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,33276,17926],{"class":50},[44,33278,4521],{"class":58},[44,33280,633],{"class":583},[44,33282,11029],{"class":587},[44,33284,633],{"class":583},[44,33286,13890],{"class":58},[44,33288,13893],{"class":54},[44,33290,643],{"class":583},[44,33292,31262],{"class":587},[44,33294,3979],{"class":583},[44,33296,33297,33299,33301,33303],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,33298,140],{"class":139},[44,33300,127],{"class":58},[44,33302,33266],{"class":123},[44,33304,133],{"class":58},[20,33306,150],{},[35,33308,33310],{"className":37,"code":33309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33311,33312,33330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33313,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33315,17656],{"class":123},[44,33317,3609],{"class":58},[44,33319,590],{"class":583},[44,33321,8542],{"class":587},[44,33323,590],{"class":583},[44,33325,66],{"class":58},[44,33327,9928],{"class":62},[44,33329,4509],{"class":58},[44,33331,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33333,17656],{"class":123},[44,33335,3609],{"class":58},[44,33337,590],{"class":583},[44,33339,8542],{"class":587},[44,33341,590],{"class":583},[44,33343,66],{"class":58},[44,33345,9928],{"class":62},[44,33347,66],{"class":58},[44,33349,584],{"class":583},[44,33351,31262],{"class":587},[44,33353,590],{"class":583},[44,33355,4509],{"class":58},[20,33357,33358,33359,120],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33360,33361],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,33363,33365],{"className":37,"code":33364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33366,33367,33403,33422,33426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33368,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33370,13821],{"class":50},[44,33372,55],{"class":54},[44,33374,59],{"class":58},[44,33376,633],{"class":583},[44,33378,8287],{"class":587},[44,33380,633],{"class":583},[44,33382,1598],{"class":58},[44,33384,643],{"class":583},[44,33386,8542],{"class":587},[44,33388,633],{"class":583},[44,33390,66],{"class":58},[44,33392,643],{"class":583},[44,33394,9921],{"class":587},[44,33396,633],{"class":583},[44,33398,1598],{"class":58},[44,33400,9928],{"class":62},[44,33402,82],{"class":58},[44,33404,33405,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33406,33407],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,33409,55],{"class":54},[44,33411,23177],{"class":548},[44,33413,127],{"class":58},[44,33415,17926],{"class":123},[44,33417,120],{"class":58},[44,33419,5976],{"class":123},[44,33421,7812],{"class":58},[44,33423,33424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33425,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33427,33428,33430,33432,33435],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33429,140],{"class":139},[44,33431,127],{"class":58},[44,33433,33434],{"class":123},"values_list",[44,33436,133],{"class":58},[20,33438,150],{},[35,33440,33442],{"className":37,"code":33441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33443,33444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33445,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33447,4521],{"class":58},[44,33449,590],{"class":583},[44,33451,8542],{"class":587},[44,33453,590],{"class":583},[44,33455,66],{"class":58},[44,33457,9928],{"class":62},[44,33459,1967],{"class":58},[30,33461,613],{"id":612},[20,33463,33464],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,33466,33468],{"className":37,"code":33467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33469,33470,33524,33528,33542,33546,33556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33471,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33505,33507,33509,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33473,25414],{"class":50},[44,33475,55],{"class":54},[44,33477,59],{"class":58},[44,33479,633],{"class":583},[44,33481,25423],{"class":587},[44,33483,633],{"class":583},[44,33485,1598],{"class":58},[44,33487,643],{"class":583},[44,33489,25432],{"class":587},[44,33491,633],{"class":583},[44,33493,66],{"class":58},[44,33495,643],{"class":583},[44,33497,25441],{"class":587},[44,33499,633],{"class":583},[44,33501,1598],{"class":58},[44,33503,33504],{"class":62}," 2022",[44,33506,66],{"class":58},[44,33508,643],{"class":583},[44,33510,33511],{"class":587},"color",[44,33513,633],{"class":583},[44,33515,1598],{"class":58},[44,33517,643],{"class":583},[44,33519,13726],{"class":587},[44,33521,633],{"class":583},[44,33523,82],{"class":58},[44,33525,33526],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33527,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33529,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33531,112],{"class":50},[44,33533,55],{"class":54},[44,33535,25463],{"class":50},[44,33537,120],{"class":58},[44,33539,5976],{"class":123},[44,33541,571],{"class":58},[44,33543,33544],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33545,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33547,33548,33550,33552,33554],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,33549,140],{"class":139},[44,33551,127],{"class":58},[44,33553,145],{"class":123},[44,33555,133],{"class":58},[44,33557,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,33559,140],{"class":139},[44,33561,127],{"class":58},[44,33563,8715],{"class":548},[44,33565,127],{"class":58},[44,33567,145],{"class":123},[44,33569,556],{"class":58},[20,33571,150],{},[35,33573,33575],{"className":37,"code":33574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33576,33577,33603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33578,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33580,17656],{"class":123},[44,33582,3609],{"class":58},[44,33584,590],{"class":583},[44,33586,25432],{"class":587},[44,33588,590],{"class":583},[44,33590,66],{"class":58},[44,33592,33504],{"class":62},[44,33594,66],{"class":58},[44,33596,584],{"class":583},[44,33598,13726],{"class":587},[44,33600,590],{"class":583},[44,33602,4509],{"class":58},[44,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33606,4521],{"class":58},[44,33608,590],{"class":583},[44,33610,25432],{"class":587},[44,33612,590],{"class":583},[44,33614,66],{"class":58},[44,33616,33504],{"class":62},[44,33618,66],{"class":58},[44,33620,584],{"class":583},[44,33622,13726],{"class":587},[44,33624,590],{"class":583},[44,33626,1967],{"class":58},[20,33628,832],{},[205,33630,33631,33637,33643,33651],{},[208,33632,33633,33636],{},[15,33634,33635],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[208,33638,33639,33642],{},[15,33640,33641],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[208,33644,33645,33648,33649,25235],{},[15,33646,33647],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33650,17656],{},[208,33652,33653,33656],{},[15,33654,33655],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,33658,33660],{"id":33659},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33662,33663,33664,26683],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33665,6576],{},[35,33667,33669],{"className":37,"code":33668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33670,33671,33715,33719,33735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33672,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33674,5681],{"class":50},[44,33676,55],{"class":54},[44,33678,59],{"class":58},[44,33680,633],{"class":583},[44,33682,19035],{"class":587},[44,33684,633],{"class":583},[44,33686,1598],{"class":58},[44,33688,20516],{"class":62},[44,33690,66],{"class":58},[44,33692,643],{"class":583},[44,33694,31772],{"class":587},[44,33696,633],{"class":583},[44,33698,1598],{"class":58},[44,33700,14124],{"class":62},[44,33702,66],{"class":58},[44,33704,643],{"class":583},[44,33706,19044],{"class":587},[44,33708,633],{"class":583},[44,33710,1598],{"class":58},[44,33712,29539],{"class":62},[44,33714,82],{"class":58},[44,33716,33717],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33718,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33722,6576],{"class":4496},[44,33724,22202],{"class":50},[44,33726,4503],{"class":4496},[44,33728,5728],{"class":50},[44,33730,120],{"class":58},[44,33732,5976],{"class":123},[44,33734,22213],{"class":58},[44,33736,33737,33739,33741,33743],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33738,8690],{"class":139},[44,33740,127],{"class":58},[44,33742,3100],{"class":123},[44,33744,133],{"class":58},[20,33746,150],{},[35,33748,33750],{"className":37,"code":33749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33751,33752,33757,33762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33753,33754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33755,33756],{"class":62},"90\n",[44,33758,33759],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33760,33761],{"class":62},"85\n",[44,33763,33764],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33765,33766],{"class":62},"88\n",[20,33768,18328],{},[205,33770,33771,33774,33777],{},[208,33772,33773],{},"You only need the values",[208,33775,33776],{},"You do not care about the keys",[208,33778,33779],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33781,33782,33783,428,33787,120],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[176,33784,11356,33785,2544],{"href":17694},[15,33786,17697],{},[176,33788,23093],{"href":33789},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,33791,33793],{"id":33792},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33795,1296,33796,33798],{},[15,33797,33361],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33800,33802],{"className":37,"code":33801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33803,33804,33849,33853,33873,33877,33888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33805,33806,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33807,33808],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33810,55],{"class":54},[44,33812,59],{"class":58},[44,33814,633],{"class":583},[44,33816,636],{"class":587},[44,33818,633],{"class":583},[44,33820,1598],{"class":58},[44,33822,69],{"class":62},[44,33824,66],{"class":58},[44,33826,643],{"class":583},[44,33828,646],{"class":587},[44,33830,633],{"class":583},[44,33832,1598],{"class":58},[44,33834,2212],{"class":62},[44,33836,66],{"class":58},[44,33838,643],{"class":583},[44,33840,655],{"class":587},[44,33842,633],{"class":583},[44,33844,1598],{"class":58},[44,33846,74],{"class":62},[44,33848,82],{"class":58},[44,33850,33851],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33852,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33854,33855,33858,33860,33862,33864,33867,33869,33871],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,33856,33857],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33859,55],{"class":54},[44,33861,23177],{"class":548},[44,33863,127],{"class":58},[44,33865,33866],{"class":123},"fruit_prices",[44,33868,120],{"class":58},[44,33870,5976],{"class":123},[44,33872,7812],{"class":58},[44,33874,33875],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,33876,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,33878,33879,33881,33883,33886],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,33880,140],{"class":139},[44,33882,127],{"class":58},[44,33884,33885],{"class":123},"price_list",[44,33887,133],{"class":58},[44,33889,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,33891,140],{"class":139},[44,33893,127],{"class":58},[44,33895,33885],{"class":123},[44,33897,4521],{"class":58},[44,33899,2748],{"class":62},[44,33901,4509],{"class":58},[20,33903,150],{},[35,33905,33907],{"className":37,"code":33906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33908,33909,33925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33910,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33912,4521],{"class":58},[44,33914,339],{"class":62},[44,33916,66],{"class":58},[44,33918,2212],{"class":62},[44,33920,66],{"class":58},[44,33922,74],{"class":62},[44,33924,1967],{"class":58},[44,33926,33927],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,33928,17675],{"class":62},[20,33930,33931],{},"This is helpful for:",[205,33933,33934,33937,33940],{},[208,33935,33936],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[208,33938,33939],{},"Accessing values by index",[208,33941,33942],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33944,4546,33945,33947],{},[15,33946,17656],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33949,33951,1036,33953,1036,33955],{"id":33950},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33952,17690],{},[15,33954,17684],{},[15,33956,17697],{},[20,33958,33959],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[205,33961,33962,33967,33972],{},[208,33963,33964,33966],{},[15,33965,17690],{}," returns only the values",[208,33968,33969,33971],{},[15,33970,17684],{}," returns only the keys",[208,33973,33974,33976],{},[15,33975,17697],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33978,2754],{},[35,33980,33982],{"className":37,"code":33981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33983,33984,34020,34024,34038,34052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33985,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33987,13480],{"class":50},[44,33989,55],{"class":54},[44,33991,59],{"class":58},[44,33993,633],{"class":583},[44,33995,8287],{"class":587},[44,33997,633],{"class":583},[44,33999,1598],{"class":58},[44,34001,643],{"class":583},[44,34003,13497],{"class":587},[44,34005,633],{"class":583},[44,34007,66],{"class":58},[44,34009,643],{"class":583},[44,34011,9921],{"class":587},[44,34013,633],{"class":583},[44,34015,1598],{"class":58},[44,34017,8410],{"class":62},[44,34019,82],{"class":58},[44,34021,34022],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34023,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,34025,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34027,140],{"class":139},[44,34029,127],{"class":58},[44,34031,14243],{"class":123},[44,34033,120],{"class":58},[44,34035,17542],{"class":123},[44,34037,7812],{"class":58},[44,34039,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,34041,140],{"class":139},[44,34043,127],{"class":58},[44,34045,14243],{"class":123},[44,34047,120],{"class":58},[44,34049,5976],{"class":123},[44,34051,7812],{"class":58},[44,34053,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,34055,140],{"class":139},[44,34057,127],{"class":58},[44,34059,14243],{"class":123},[44,34061,120],{"class":58},[44,34063,8430],{"class":123},[44,34065,7812],{"class":58},[20,34067,150],{},[35,34069,34071],{"className":37,"code":34070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,34072,34073,34095,34113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34074,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34076,17633],{"class":123},[44,34078,3609],{"class":58},[44,34080,590],{"class":583},[44,34082,8287],{"class":587},[44,34084,590],{"class":583},[44,34086,66],{"class":58},[44,34088,584],{"class":583},[44,34090,9921],{"class":587},[44,34092,590],{"class":583},[44,34094,4509],{"class":58},[44,34096,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34098,17656],{"class":123},[44,34100,3609],{"class":58},[44,34102,590],{"class":583},[44,34104,13497],{"class":587},[44,34106,590],{"class":583},[44,34108,66],{"class":58},[44,34110,8410],{"class":62},[44,34112,4509],{"class":58},[44,34114,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34116,22526],{"class":123},[44,34118,10279],{"class":58},[44,34120,590],{"class":583},[44,34122,8287],{"class":587},[44,34124,590],{"class":583},[44,34126,66],{"class":58},[44,34128,8410],{"class":62},[44,34130,11298],{"class":58},[20,34132,19313],{},[205,34134,34135,34142,34149],{},[208,34136,34137,34141],{},[176,34138,34139],{"href":17681},[15,34140,17684],{}," when you need just the keys",[208,34143,34144,34148],{},[176,34145,34146],{"href":17687},[15,34147,17690],{}," when you need just the values",[208,34150,34151,34155],{},[176,34152,34153],{"href":17694},[15,34154,17697],{}," when you need both",[30,34157,1580],{"id":1579},[20,34159,34160,34161,120],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34162,17690],{},[1044,34164,30269,34166,34168],{"id":34165},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34167,17690],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34170,34171,34173],{},[15,34172,17690],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34175,17262],{},[35,34177,34179],{"className":37,"code":34178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34180,34181,34201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34182,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34184,8930],{"class":50},[44,34186,55],{"class":54},[44,34188,1954],{"class":58},[44,34190,63],{"class":62},[44,34192,66],{"class":58},[44,34194,69],{"class":62},[44,34196,66],{"class":58},[44,34198,74],{"class":62},[44,34200,1967],{"class":58},[44,34202,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34204,140],{"class":139},[44,34206,127],{"class":58},[44,34208,8961],{"class":123},[44,34210,120],{"class":58},[44,34212,5976],{"class":123},[44,34214,7812],{"class":58},[20,34216,34217,34218,1305],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34219,17690],{},[20,34221,34222],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,34224,34226],{"className":37,"code":34225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34227,34228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34229,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34231,140],{"class":139},[44,34233,127],{"class":58},[44,34235,549],{"class":548},[44,34237,127],{"class":58},[44,34239,8961],{"class":123},[44,34241,556],{"class":58},[20,34243,34244,34245,34247,34248,120],{},"If you get an ",[15,34246,26290],{},", see ",[176,34249,26298,34250,34252],{"href":26297},[15,34251,26301],{}," errors",[1044,34254,5198,34256,34258],{"id":34255},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34257,17690],{}," returns a list",[20,34260,34261],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,34263,34265],{"className":37,"code":34264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34266,34267,34303,34317,34321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34268,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34270,13480],{"class":50},[44,34272,55],{"class":54},[44,34274,59],{"class":58},[44,34276,633],{"class":583},[44,34278,8287],{"class":587},[44,34280,633],{"class":583},[44,34282,1598],{"class":58},[44,34284,643],{"class":583},[44,34286,13497],{"class":587},[44,34288,633],{"class":583},[44,34290,66],{"class":58},[44,34292,643],{"class":583},[44,34294,9921],{"class":587},[44,34296,633],{"class":583},[44,34298,1598],{"class":58},[44,34300,8410],{"class":62},[44,34302,82],{"class":58},[44,34304,34305,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34306,4441],{"class":50},[44,34308,55],{"class":54},[44,34310,13523],{"class":50},[44,34312,120],{"class":58},[44,34314,5976],{"class":123},[44,34316,571],{"class":58},[44,34318,34319],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34320,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,34322,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331,34333],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,34324,140],{"class":139},[44,34326,127],{"class":58},[44,34328,549],{"class":548},[44,34330,127],{"class":58},[44,34332,5976],{"class":123},[44,34334,556],{"class":58},[20,34336,150],{},[35,34338,34340],{"className":37,"code":34339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34341,34342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34343,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34345,576],{"class":54},[44,34347,580],{"class":579},[44,34349,584],{"class":583},[44,34351,17656],{"class":587},[44,34353,590],{"class":583},[44,34355,593],{"class":54},[20,34357,5766,34358,34360],{},[15,34359,17656],{},", not a list.",[20,34362,34363],{},"If you need a list:",[35,34365,34367],{"className":37,"code":34366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34368,34369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34370,34371,34373,34375,34377,34379,34381,34383,34385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34372,4441],{"class":50},[44,34374,55],{"class":54},[44,34376,23177],{"class":548},[44,34378,127],{"class":58},[44,34380,14243],{"class":123},[44,34382,120],{"class":58},[44,34384,5976],{"class":123},[44,34386,7812],{"class":58},[1044,34388,34390,34391],{"id":34389},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34392,17656],{},[20,34394,34395],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,34397,34399],{"className":37,"code":34398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34400,34401,34437,34451,34455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34402,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419,34421,34423,34425,34427,34429,34431,34433,34435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34404,13480],{"class":50},[44,34406,55],{"class":54},[44,34408,59],{"class":58},[44,34410,633],{"class":583},[44,34412,8287],{"class":587},[44,34414,633],{"class":583},[44,34416,1598],{"class":58},[44,34418,643],{"class":583},[44,34420,13497],{"class":587},[44,34422,633],{"class":583},[44,34424,66],{"class":58},[44,34426,643],{"class":583},[44,34428,9921],{"class":587},[44,34430,633],{"class":583},[44,34432,1598],{"class":58},[44,34434,8410],{"class":62},[44,34436,82],{"class":58},[44,34438,34439,34441,34443,34445,34447,34449],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34440,4441],{"class":50},[44,34442,55],{"class":54},[44,34444,13523],{"class":50},[44,34446,120],{"class":58},[44,34448,5976],{"class":123},[44,34450,571],{"class":58},[44,34452,34453],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34454,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,34456,34457],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,34458,34459],{"class":1992},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34461,34462],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,34464,34466],{"className":37,"code":34465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34467,34468,34504,34522,34526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34469,34470,34472,34474,34476,34478,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34471,13480],{"class":50},[44,34473,55],{"class":54},[44,34475,59],{"class":58},[44,34477,633],{"class":583},[44,34479,8287],{"class":587},[44,34481,633],{"class":583},[44,34483,1598],{"class":58},[44,34485,643],{"class":583},[44,34487,13497],{"class":587},[44,34489,633],{"class":583},[44,34491,66],{"class":58},[44,34493,643],{"class":583},[44,34495,9921],{"class":587},[44,34497,633],{"class":583},[44,34499,1598],{"class":58},[44,34501,8410],{"class":62},[44,34503,82],{"class":58},[44,34505,34506,34508,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518,34520],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34507,4441],{"class":50},[44,34509,55],{"class":54},[44,34511,23177],{"class":548},[44,34513,127],{"class":58},[44,34515,14243],{"class":123},[44,34517,120],{"class":58},[44,34519,5976],{"class":123},[44,34521,7812],{"class":58},[44,34523,34524],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34525,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,34527,34528,34530,34532,34534,34536,34538],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,34529,140],{"class":139},[44,34531,127],{"class":58},[44,34533,5976],{"class":123},[44,34535,4521],{"class":58},[44,34537,2748],{"class":62},[44,34539,4509],{"class":58},[1044,34541,863,34543,11711,34545],{"id":34542},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34544,5976],{},[15,34546,17690],{},[20,34548,34549],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,34551,34553],{"className":37,"code":34552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34554,34555,34591,34595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34556,34557,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34558,13480],{"class":50},[44,34560,55],{"class":54},[44,34562,59],{"class":58},[44,34564,633],{"class":583},[44,34566,8287],{"class":587},[44,34568,633],{"class":583},[44,34570,1598],{"class":58},[44,34572,643],{"class":583},[44,34574,13497],{"class":587},[44,34576,633],{"class":583},[44,34578,66],{"class":58},[44,34580,643],{"class":583},[44,34582,9921],{"class":587},[44,34584,633],{"class":583},[44,34586,1598],{"class":58},[44,34588,8410],{"class":62},[44,34590,82],{"class":58},[44,34592,34593],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34594,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,34596,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605,34607],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34598,140],{"class":139},[44,34600,127],{"class":58},[44,34602,14243],{"class":123},[44,34604,120],{"class":58},[44,34606,5976],{"class":25368},[44,34608,133],{"class":58},[20,34610,34611,34614],{},[15,34612,34613],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34616,19313],{},[35,34618,34620],{"className":37,"code":34619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34621,34622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34623,34624,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34625,140],{"class":139},[44,34627,127],{"class":58},[44,34629,14243],{"class":123},[44,34631,120],{"class":58},[44,34633,5976],{"class":123},[44,34635,7812],{"class":58},[1044,34637,34639],{"id":34638},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34641,34642],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,34644,34646],{"className":37,"code":34645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34647,34648,34680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34649,34650,34652,34654,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676,34678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34651,9788],{"class":50},[44,34653,55],{"class":54},[44,34655,59],{"class":58},[44,34657,633],{"class":583},[44,34659,176],{"class":587},[44,34661,633],{"class":583},[44,34663,1598],{"class":58},[44,34665,2212],{"class":62},[44,34667,66],{"class":58},[44,34669,643],{"class":583},[44,34671,130],{"class":587},[44,34673,633],{"class":583},[44,34675,1598],{"class":58},[44,34677,69],{"class":62},[44,34679,82],{"class":58},[44,34681,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690,34692],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34683,140],{"class":139},[44,34685,127],{"class":58},[44,34687,9827],{"class":123},[44,34689,120],{"class":58},[44,34691,5976],{"class":123},[44,34693,7812],{"class":58},[20,34695,34696],{},"Not like this:",[35,34698,34700],{"className":37,"code":34699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34701,34702,34707,34712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34703,34704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34705,34706],{"class":1992},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,34708,34709],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34710,34711],{"class":1992},"# data().values()\n",[44,34713,34714],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34715,34716],{"class":1992},"# values(data)\n",[20,34718,3960],{},[35,34720,34722],{"className":37,"code":34721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34723,34724,34738,34748,34762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34725,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34727,140],{"class":139},[44,34729,127],{"class":58},[44,34731,549],{"class":548},[44,34733,127],{"class":58},[44,34735,12067],{"class":123},[44,34737,556],{"class":58},[44,34739,34740,34742,34744,34746],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34741,140],{"class":139},[44,34743,127],{"class":58},[44,34745,12067],{"class":123},[44,34747,133],{"class":58},[44,34749,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758,34760],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,34751,140],{"class":139},[44,34753,127],{"class":58},[44,34755,12067],{"class":123},[44,34757,120],{"class":58},[44,34759,5976],{"class":123},[44,34761,7812],{"class":58},[44,34763,34764,34766,34768,34770,34772,34774,34776,34778],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,34765,140],{"class":139},[44,34767,127],{"class":58},[44,34769,8715],{"class":548},[44,34771,127],{"class":58},[44,34773,12067],{"class":123},[44,34775,120],{"class":58},[44,34777,5976],{"class":123},[44,34779,6907],{"class":58},[30,34781,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,34783,5760,34785,5763],{"id":34784},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34786,32940],{},[20,34788,18039,34789,34791],{},[15,34790,17656],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1044,34793,2482,34795,24549],{"id":34794},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34796,17690],{},[20,34798,24552,34799,24556],{},[15,34800,34801],{},"list(...)",[1044,34803,26675,34805,1447],{"id":34804},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34806,32940],{},[20,34808,34809,34810,26683],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34811,6576],{},[1044,34813,2482,34815,34817],{"id":34814},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34816,32940],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34819,34820],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1044,34822,34824,34825,34827,34828,1447],{"id":34823},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34826,17690],{}," different from ",[15,34829,17697],{},[20,34831,34832,34834,34835,34837],{},[15,34833,17690],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34836,17697],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34839,2528],{"id":2527},[205,34841,34842,34848,34854,34858,34864,34868],{},[208,34843,34844],{},[176,34845,11356,34846,2544],{"href":17681},[15,34847,17684],{},[208,34849,34850],{},[176,34851,11356,34852,2544],{"href":17694},[15,34853,17697],{},[208,34855,34856],{},[176,34857,11860],{"href":10012},[208,34859,34860],{},[176,34861,34863],{"href":34862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[208,34865,34866],{},[176,34867,24634],{"href":33789},[208,34869,34870],{},[176,34871,30966,34872],{"href":26297},[15,34873,34874],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2554,34876,34877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":34879},[34880,34881,34883,34884,34886,34887,34888,34889,34891,34902,34914],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":33110,"depth":85,"text":34882},"What values() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":33180,"depth":85,"text":34885},"What values() returns",{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":33659,"depth":85,"text":33660},{"id":33792,"depth":85,"text":33793},{"id":33950,"depth":85,"text":34890},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":34892},[34893,34895,34897,34899,34901],{"id":34165,"depth":109,"text":34894},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34255,"depth":109,"text":34896},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34389,"depth":109,"text":34898},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34542,"depth":109,"text":34900},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34638,"depth":109,"text":34639},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":34903},[34904,34906,34908,34910,34912],{"id":34784,"depth":109,"text":34905},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34794,"depth":109,"text":34907},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34804,"depth":109,"text":34909},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34814,"depth":109,"text":34911},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34823,"depth":109,"text":34913},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32927,"description":34915},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34921,"title":34922,"body":34923,"description":36354,"extension":2593,"meta":36355,"navigation":364,"path":36356,"seo":36357,"stem":36358,"__hash__":36359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34924,"toc":36306},[34925,34931,34936,34939,34955,34964,34966,34998,35004,35007,35102,35105,35110,35115,35118,35129,35131,35145,35151,35153,35158,35164,35167,35206,35214,35219,35222,35267,35270,35282,35288,35294,35298,35331,35334,35352,35355,35359,35398,35400,35420,35423,35435,35440,35446,35449,35504,35507,35518,35521,35532,35535,35539,35545,35547,35577,35580,35595,35598,35601,35620,35623,35639,35648,35650,35681,35687,35692,35695,35702,35733,35736,35758,35761,35764,35778,35782,35813,35828,35835,35842,35846,35854,35858,35866,35869,35918,35929,35931,35934,35940,35945,35955,35959,35962,35965,35969,35972,35974,35995,35999,36005,36016,36022,36024,36030,36054,36057,36120,36123,36151,36154,36216,36218,36223,36226,36233,36241,36248,36251,36259,36265,36267,36294,36303],[10,34926,4197,34928,4201],{"id":34927},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34929,34930],{},"dir()",[20,34932,32937,34933,34935],{},[15,34934,34930],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34937,34938],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[205,34940,34941,34944,34947,34952],{},[208,34942,34943],{},"learning Python",[208,34945,34946],{},"exploring a new object",[208,34948,34949,34950],{},"debugging an ",[15,34951,26290],{},[208,34953,34954],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34956,34957,34958,34960,34961],{},"In short, ",[15,34959,34930],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[197,34962,34963],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34965,2634],{"id":2633},[35,34967,34969],{"className":37,"code":34968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34970,34971,34983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34972,34973,34975,34977,34979,34981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34974,8497],{"class":50},[44,34976,55],{"class":54},[44,34978,643],{"class":583},[44,34980,4464],{"class":587},[44,34982,3979],{"class":583},[44,34984,34985,34987,34989,34992,34994,34996],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,34986,140],{"class":139},[44,34988,127],{"class":58},[44,34990,34991],{"class":139},"dir",[44,34993,127],{"class":58},[44,34995,8287],{"class":123},[44,34997,556],{"class":58},[20,34999,1296,35000,35003],{},[15,35001,35002],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,35005,35006],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,35008,35010],{"className":37,"code":35009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,35011,35012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35013,35014,35016,35018,35021,35023,35025,35027,35030,35032,35034,35036,35039,35041,35043,35045,35048,35050,35052,35054,35057,35059,35061,35063,35066,35068,35070,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084,35086,35089,35091,35093,35095,35098,35100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35015,4521],{"class":58},[44,35017,590],{"class":583},[44,35019,35020],{"class":587},"__add__",[44,35022,590],{"class":583},[44,35024,66],{"class":58},[44,35026,584],{"class":583},[44,35028,35029],{"class":587},"__class__",[44,35031,590],{"class":583},[44,35033,66],{"class":58},[44,35035,584],{"class":583},[44,35037,35038],{"class":587},"__contains__",[44,35040,590],{"class":583},[44,35042,66],{"class":58},[44,35044,584],{"class":583},[44,35046,35047],{"class":587},"__delattr__",[44,35049,590],{"class":583},[44,35051,66],{"class":58},[44,35053,584],{"class":583},[44,35055,35056],{"class":587},"__dir__",[44,35058,590],{"class":583},[44,35060,66],{"class":58},[44,35062,584],{"class":583},[44,35064,35065],{"class":587},"__doc__",[44,35067,590],{"class":583},[44,35069,66],{"class":58},[44,35071,35073],{"class":35072},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,35075,66],{"class":58},[44,35077,584],{"class":583},[44,35079,9262],{"class":587},[44,35081,590],{"class":583},[44,35083,66],{"class":58},[44,35085,584],{"class":583},[44,35087,35088],{"class":587},"split",[44,35090,590],{"class":583},[44,35092,66],{"class":58},[44,35094,584],{"class":583},[44,35096,35097],{"class":587},"upper",[44,35099,590],{"class":583},[44,35101,1967],{"class":58},[20,35103,35104],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,35106,186,35108,189],{"id":35107},"what-dir-does",[15,35109,34930],{},[20,35111,35112,35114],{},[15,35113,34930],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35116,35117],{},"It usually includes:",[205,35119,35120,35123,35126],{},[208,35121,35122],{},"attributes",[208,35124,35125],{},"methods",[208,35127,35128],{},"special Python names",[20,35130,12076],{},[205,35132,35133,35139,35142],{},[208,35134,35135,35136],{},"The result is a ",[197,35137,35138],{},"list of strings",[208,35140,35141],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[208,35143,35144],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35146,35147,35148,35150],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35149,34930],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,35152,234],{"id":233},[20,35154,35155,35157],{},[15,35156,34930],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1044,35159,35161,35163],{"id":35160},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35162,34930],{}," with no argument",[20,35165,35166],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,35168,35170],{"className":37,"code":35169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35171,35172,35180,35192,35196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35173,35174,35176,35178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35175,3648],{"class":50},[44,35177,55],{"class":54},[44,35179,3211],{"class":62},[44,35181,35182,35184,35186,35188,35190],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35183,8497],{"class":50},[44,35185,55],{"class":54},[44,35187,643],{"class":583},[44,35189,8296],{"class":587},[44,35191,3979],{"class":583},[44,35193,35194],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,35195,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35197,35198,35200,35202,35204],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,35199,140],{"class":139},[44,35201,127],{"class":58},[44,35203,34991],{"class":139},[44,35205,7812],{"class":58},[20,35207,35208,35209,2495,35211,35213],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35210,2801],{},[15,35212,8287],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1044,35215,35217],{"id":35216},"dirobject",[15,35218,35002],{},[20,35220,35221],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,35223,35225],{"className":37,"code":35224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35226,35227,35245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35228,35229,35231,35233,35235,35237,35239,35241,35243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35230,140],{"class":139},[44,35232,127],{"class":58},[44,35234,34991],{"class":139},[44,35236,127],{"class":58},[44,35238,633],{"class":583},[44,35240,4464],{"class":587},[44,35242,633],{"class":583},[44,35244,556],{"class":58},[44,35246,35247,35249,35251,35253,35255,35257,35259,35261,35263,35265],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35248,140],{"class":139},[44,35250,127],{"class":58},[44,35252,34991],{"class":139},[44,35254,3609],{"class":58},[44,35256,63],{"class":62},[44,35258,66],{"class":58},[44,35260,69],{"class":62},[44,35262,66],{"class":58},[44,35264,74],{"class":62},[44,35266,3622],{"class":58},[20,35268,35269],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[205,35271,35272,35274,35276,35279],{},[208,35273,5927],{},[208,35275,5918],{},[208,35277,35278],{},"modules",[208,35280,35281],{},"custom objects",[30,35283,863,35285,35287],{"id":35284},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35286,34930],{}," with a value",[20,35289,35290,35291,35293],{},"A common use of ",[15,35292,34930],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1044,35295,35297],{"id":35296},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,35299,35301],{"className":37,"code":35300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35302,35303,35316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35304,35305,35308,35310,35312,35314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35306,35307],{"class":50},"text ",[44,35309,55],{"class":54},[44,35311,643],{"class":583},[44,35313,4464],{"class":587},[44,35315,3979],{"class":583},[44,35317,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326,35329],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35319,140],{"class":139},[44,35321,127],{"class":58},[44,35323,34991],{"class":139},[44,35325,127],{"class":58},[44,35327,35328],{"class":123},"text",[44,35330,556],{"class":58},[20,35332,35333],{},"You will see method names like:",[205,35335,35336,35340,35344,35348],{},[208,35337,35338],{},[15,35339,9262],{},[208,35341,35342],{},[15,35343,35097],{},[208,35345,35346],{},[15,35347,35088],{},[208,35349,35350],{},[15,35351,9256],{},[20,35353,35354],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1044,35356,35358],{"id":35357},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,35360,35362],{"className":37,"code":35361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35363,35364,35384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35365,35366,35368,35370,35372,35374,35376,35378,35380,35382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35367,884],{"class":50},[44,35369,55],{"class":54},[44,35371,1954],{"class":58},[44,35373,63],{"class":62},[44,35375,66],{"class":58},[44,35377,69],{"class":62},[44,35379,66],{"class":58},[44,35381,74],{"class":62},[44,35383,1967],{"class":58},[44,35385,35386,35388,35390,35392,35394,35396],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35387,140],{"class":139},[44,35389,127],{"class":58},[44,35391,34991],{"class":139},[44,35393,127],{"class":58},[44,35395,4268],{"class":123},[44,35397,556],{"class":58},[20,35399,35333],{},[205,35401,35402,35406,35410,35415],{},[208,35403,35404],{},[15,35405,14170],{},[208,35407,35408],{},[15,35409,26860],{},[208,35411,35412],{},[15,35413,35414],{},"remove",[208,35416,35417],{},[15,35418,35419],{},"sort",[20,35421,35422],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35424,35425,35426,35431,35432,35434],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[176,35427,35429],{"href":35428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35430,2929],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35433,34930],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,35436,863,35438,35163],{"id":35437},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35439,34930],{},[20,35441,35442,35443,35445],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35444,34930],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35447,35448],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,35450,35452],{"className":37,"code":35451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35453,35454,35463,35467,35478,35490,35494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35455,35456,35458,35460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35457,3648],{"class":50},[44,35459,55],{"class":54},[44,35461,35462],{"class":62}," 5\n",[44,35464,35465],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35466,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35468,35469,35472,35476],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,35470,35471],{"class":579},"def",[44,35473,35475],{"class":35474},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,35477,22213],{"class":58},[44,35479,35480,35483,35485,35488],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,35481,35482],{"class":4496},"    return",[44,35484,643],{"class":583},[44,35486,35487],{"class":587},"Hello",[44,35489,3979],{"class":583},[44,35491,35492],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,35493,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35495,35496,35498,35500,35502],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,35497,140],{"class":139},[44,35499,127],{"class":58},[44,35501,34991],{"class":139},[44,35503,7812],{"class":58},[20,35505,35506],{},"The output will include names like:",[205,35508,35509,35513],{},[208,35510,35511],{},[15,35512,2801],{},[208,35514,35515],{},[15,35516,35517],{},"greet",[20,35519,35520],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[205,35522,35523,35526,35529],{},[208,35524,35525],{},"what variables exist",[208,35527,35528],{},"what functions you have defined",[208,35530,35531],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35533,35534],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,35536,35538],{"id":35537},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35540,35541,35542,35544],{},"When you first use ",[15,35543,34930],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35546,295],{},[35,35548,35549],{"className":37,"code":35300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35550,35551,35563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35552,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35554,35307],{"class":50},[44,35556,55],{"class":54},[44,35558,643],{"class":583},[44,35560,4464],{"class":587},[44,35562,3979],{"class":583},[44,35564,35565,35567,35569,35571,35573,35575],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35566,140],{"class":139},[44,35568,127],{"class":58},[44,35570,34991],{"class":139},[44,35572,127],{"class":58},[44,35574,35328],{"class":123},[44,35576,556],{"class":58},[20,35578,35579],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[205,35581,35582,35586,35590],{},[208,35583,35584],{},[15,35585,35029],{},[208,35587,35588],{},[15,35589,35065],{},[208,35591,35592],{},[15,35593,35594],{},"__len__",[20,35596,35597],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35599,35600],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[205,35602,35603,35607,35611,35615],{},[208,35604,35605],{},[15,35606,35097],{},[208,35608,35609],{},[15,35610,9262],{},[208,35612,35613],{},[15,35614,35088],{},[208,35616,35617],{},[15,35618,35619],{},"replace",[20,35621,35622],{},"A key point to remember:",[205,35624,35625,35633],{},[208,35626,35627,35629,35630],{},[15,35628,34930],{}," lists ",[197,35631,35632],{},"names only",[208,35634,35635,35636,35638],{},"it does ",[197,35637,199],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35640,35641,35642,120],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[176,35643,35645],{"href":35644},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35646,35647],{},"help()",[20,35649,6090],{},[35,35651,35653],{"className":37,"code":35652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35654,35655,35667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35656,35657,35659,35661,35663,35665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35658,8497],{"class":50},[44,35660,55],{"class":54},[44,35662,643],{"class":583},[44,35664,4464],{"class":587},[44,35666,3979],{"class":583},[44,35668,35669,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35670,32772],{"class":139},[44,35672,127],{"class":58},[44,35674,8287],{"class":123},[44,35676,120],{"class":58},[44,35678,35097],{"class":25368},[44,35680,133],{"class":58},[30,35682,35684,35686],{"id":35683},"dir-on-modules",[15,35685,34930],{}," on modules",[20,35688,16332,35689,35691],{},[15,35690,34930],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35693,35694],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1044,35696,35698,35699,35701],{"id":35697},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35700,19035],{}," module",[35,35703,35705],{"className":37,"code":35704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35706,35707,35715,35719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35708,35709,35712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35710,35711],{"class":4496},"import",[44,35713,35714],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,35716,35717],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35718,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35720,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,35722,140],{"class":139},[44,35724,127],{"class":58},[44,35726,34991],{"class":139},[44,35728,127],{"class":58},[44,35730,19035],{"class":123},[44,35732,556],{"class":58},[20,35734,35735],{},"You may see names like:",[205,35737,35738,35743,35748,35753],{},[208,35739,35740],{},[15,35741,35742],{},"sqrt",[208,35744,35745],{},[15,35746,35747],{},"ceil",[208,35749,35750],{},[15,35751,35752],{},"floor",[208,35754,35755],{},[15,35756,35757],{},"pi",[20,35759,35760],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35762,35763],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[205,35765,35766,35772],{},[208,35767,35768],{},[176,35769,35771],{"href":35770},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[208,35773,35774],{},[176,35775,35777],{"href":35776},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1044,35779,35781],{"id":35780},"another-example","Another example",[35,35783,35785],{"className":37,"code":35784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35786,35787,35794,35798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35788,35789,35791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35790,35711],{"class":4496},[44,35792,35793],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35795,35796],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35797,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35799,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808,35811],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,35801,140],{"class":139},[44,35803,127],{"class":58},[44,35805,34991],{"class":139},[44,35807,127],{"class":58},[44,35809,35810],{"class":123},"json",[44,35812,556],{"class":58},[20,35814,35815,35816,2817,35819,2817,35822,17691,35825,120],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35817,35818],{},"dump",[15,35820,35821],{},"dumps",[15,35823,35824],{},"load",[15,35826,35827],{},"loads",[30,35829,35831,1036,35833],{"id":35830},"dir-vs-help",[15,35832,34930],{},[15,35834,35647],{},[20,35836,35837,2495,35839,35841],{},[15,35838,34930],{},[15,35840,35647],{}," are often used together.",[1044,35843,35844],{"id":34991},[15,35845,34930],{},[205,35847,35848,35851],{},[208,35849,35850],{},"shows available names",[208,35852,35853],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1044,35855,35856],{"id":32772},[15,35857,35647],{},[205,35859,35860,35863],{},[208,35861,35862],{},"explains what an object or function does",[208,35864,35865],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35867,35868],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35870,35872],{"className":37,"code":35871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35873,35874,35886,35890,35904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35875,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35877,8497],{"class":50},[44,35879,55],{"class":54},[44,35881,643],{"class":583},[44,35883,4464],{"class":587},[44,35885,3979],{"class":583},[44,35887,35888],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,35889,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,35891,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,35893,140],{"class":139},[44,35895,127],{"class":58},[44,35897,34991],{"class":139},[44,35899,127],{"class":58},[44,35901,8287],{"class":123},[44,35903,556],{"class":58},[44,35905,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,35907,32772],{"class":139},[44,35909,127],{"class":58},[44,35911,8287],{"class":123},[44,35913,120],{"class":58},[44,35915,35097],{"class":25368},[44,35917,133],{"class":58},[20,35919,1296,35920,35922,35923,35925,35926,35928],{},[15,35921,34930],{}," first to find a method name.",[10466,35924],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35927,35647],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35930,25976],{"id":25975},[20,35932,35933],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1044,35935,35937,35939],{"id":35936},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35938,34930],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35941,35942,35944],{},[15,35943,34930],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35946,35947,35948,35950,35951,35954],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35949,35097],{}," in ",[15,35952,35953],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1044,35956,35958],{"id":35957},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35960,35961],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35963,35964],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1044,35966,35968],{"id":35967},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35970,35971],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35973,6090],{},[205,35975,35976,35981,35987],{},[208,35977,35978,35980],{},[15,35979,35953],{}," shows string-related names",[208,35982,35983,35986],{},[15,35984,35985],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[208,35988,35989,35992,35993,35701],{},[15,35990,35991],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35994,19035],{},[1044,35996,35998],{"id":35997},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,36000,36001,36002,36004],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,36003,34930],{}," does not mean you already know:",[205,36006,36007,36010,36013],{},[208,36008,36009],{},"what it does",[208,36011,36012],{},"what arguments it needs",[208,36014,36015],{},"what it returns",[20,36017,36018,36019,36021],{},"That is why ",[15,36020,35647],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,36023,3454],{"id":3453},[20,36025,36026,36027,36029],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,36028,34930],{}," in these situations:",[205,36031,36032,36035,36044,36047],{},[208,36033,36034],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[208,36036,36037,36038,36043],{},"Seeing an ",[176,36039,36041],{"href":36040},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,36042,26290],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[208,36045,36046],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[208,36048,863,36049,36051,36052],{},[15,36050,34930],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,36053,35647],{},[20,36055,36056],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,36058,36060],{"className":37,"code":36059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36061,36062,36074,36078,36092,36106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36063,36064,36066,36068,36070,36072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36065,8497],{"class":50},[44,36067,55],{"class":54},[44,36069,643],{"class":583},[44,36071,4464],{"class":587},[44,36073,3979],{"class":583},[44,36075,36076],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36077,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36079,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36090],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36081,140],{"class":139},[44,36083,127],{"class":58},[44,36085,549],{"class":548},[44,36087,127],{"class":58},[44,36089,8287],{"class":123},[44,36091,556],{"class":58},[44,36093,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36095,140],{"class":139},[44,36097,127],{"class":58},[44,36099,34991],{"class":139},[44,36101,127],{"class":58},[44,36103,8287],{"class":123},[44,36105,556],{"class":58},[44,36107,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,36109,32772],{"class":139},[44,36111,127],{"class":58},[44,36113,8287],{"class":123},[44,36115,120],{"class":58},[44,36117,35097],{"class":25368},[44,36119,133],{"class":58},[20,36121,36122],{},"And for modules:",[35,36124,36125],{"className":37,"code":35704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,36126,36127,36133,36137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36128,36129,36131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36130,35711],{"class":4496},[44,36132,35714],{"class":50},[44,36134,36135],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36136,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36138,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147,36149],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36140,140],{"class":139},[44,36142,127],{"class":58},[44,36144,34991],{"class":139},[44,36146,127],{"class":58},[44,36148,19035],{"class":123},[44,36150,556],{"class":58},[20,36152,36153],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,36155,36157],{"className":37,"code":36156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36158,36159,36164,36176,36186,36200,36206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36160,36161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36162,36163],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,36165,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36167,8497],{"class":50},[44,36169,55],{"class":54},[44,36171,643],{"class":583},[44,36173,4464],{"class":587},[44,36175,3979],{"class":583},[44,36177,36178,36180,36182,36184],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36179,34991],{"class":139},[44,36181,127],{"class":58},[44,36183,8287],{"class":123},[44,36185,133],{"class":58},[44,36187,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36189,32772],{"class":139},[44,36191,127],{"class":58},[44,36193,8287],{"class":123},[44,36195,120],{"class":58},[44,36197,35097],{"class":25368},[44,36199,133],{"class":58},[44,36201,36202,36204],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,36203,35711],{"class":4496},[44,36205,35714],{"class":50},[44,36207,36208,36210,36212,36214],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,36209,34991],{"class":139},[44,36211,127],{"class":58},[44,36213,19035],{"class":123},[44,36215,133],{"class":58},[30,36217,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,36219,5760,36221,5763],{"id":36220},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36222,34930],{},[20,36224,36225],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1044,36227,2492,36229,2495,36231,1447],{"id":36228},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36230,34930],{},[15,36232,35647],{},[20,36234,36235,36237,36238,36240],{},[15,36236,34930],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36239,35647],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1044,36242,36244,36245,36247],{"id":36243},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36246,34930],{}," output?",[20,36249,36250],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1044,36252,5788,36254,36256,36257,1447],{"id":36253},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36255,34930],{}," help fix ",[15,36258,26290],{},[20,36260,36261,36262,120],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[176,36263,36264],{"href":36040},"object has no attribute",[30,36266,2528],{"id":2527},[205,36268,36269,36275,36280,36284,36288],{},[208,36270,36271],{},[176,36272,4197,36273,4130],{"href":35644},[15,36274,35647],{},[208,36276,36277],{},[176,36278,36279],{"href":36040},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[208,36281,36282],{},[176,36283,35771],{"href":35770},[208,36285,36286],{},[176,36287,35777],{"href":35776},[208,36289,36290],{},[176,36291,4197,36292,4130],{"href":35428},[15,36293,2929],{},[20,36295,36296,36297,36299,36300,36302],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36298,34930],{}," together with ",[15,36301,35647],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2554,36304,36305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":36307},[36308,36309,36311,36316,36321,36323,36324,36330,36335,36342,36343,36353],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":35107,"depth":85,"text":36310},"What dir() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":36312},[36313,36315],{"id":35160,"depth":109,"text":36314},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35216,"depth":109,"text":35002},{"id":35284,"depth":85,"text":36317,"children":36318},"Using dir() with a value",[36319,36320],{"id":35296,"depth":109,"text":35297},{"id":35357,"depth":109,"text":35358},{"id":35437,"depth":85,"text":36322},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35537,"depth":85,"text":35538},{"id":35683,"depth":85,"text":36325,"children":36326},"dir() on modules",[36327,36329],{"id":35697,"depth":109,"text":36328},"Example: math module",{"id":35780,"depth":109,"text":35781},{"id":35830,"depth":85,"text":36331,"children":36332},"dir() vs help()",[36333,36334],{"id":34991,"depth":109,"text":34930},{"id":32772,"depth":109,"text":35647},{"id":25975,"depth":85,"text":25976,"children":36336},[36337,36339,36340,36341],{"id":35936,"depth":109,"text":36338},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35957,"depth":109,"text":35958},{"id":35967,"depth":109,"text":35968},{"id":35997,"depth":109,"text":35998},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":36344},[36345,36347,36349,36351],{"id":36220,"depth":109,"text":36346},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36228,"depth":109,"text":36348},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36243,"depth":109,"text":36350},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36253,"depth":109,"text":36352},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34922,"description":36354},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36361,"title":36362,"body":36363,"description":38182,"extension":2593,"meta":38183,"navigation":364,"path":38184,"seo":38185,"stem":38186,"__hash__":38187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36364,"toc":38151},[36365,36371,36376,36379,36387,36393,36395,36475,36477,36503,36508,36513,36518,36521,36532,36535,36537,36616,36618,36644,36651,36653,36655,36680,36683,36696,36701,36703,36784,36786,36812,36821,36826,36834,36840,36847,36850,36852,36931,36934,36991,36993,37030,37036,37041,37046,37049,37063,37065,37168,37170,37213,37222,37232,37239,37245,37252,37335,37337,37360,37363,37366,37368,37372,37376,37379,37442,37465,37468,37472,37478,37480,37547,37550,37627,37632,37638,37641,37644,37689,37691,37715,37720,37724,37729,37735,37798,37801,37803,37806,37831,37834,37969,37971,38072,38074,38079,38082,38088,38098,38106,38111,38117,38123,38125,38148],[10,36366,4197,36368,4201],{"id":36367},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36369,36370],{},"enumerate()",[20,36372,36373,36375],{},[15,36374,36370],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36377,36378],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[205,36380,36381,36384],{},[208,36382,36383],{},"the item itself",[208,36385,36386],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36388,36389,36390,36392],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36391,36370],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,36394,2634],{"id":2633},[35,36396,36398],{"className":37,"code":36397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36399,36400,36432,36436,36459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36401,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36403,13692],{"class":50},[44,36405,55],{"class":54},[44,36407,1954],{"class":58},[44,36409,633],{"class":583},[44,36411,13709],{"class":587},[44,36413,633],{"class":583},[44,36415,66],{"class":58},[44,36417,643],{"class":583},[44,36419,18073],{"class":587},[44,36421,633],{"class":583},[44,36423,66],{"class":58},[44,36425,643],{"class":583},[44,36427,13726],{"class":587},[44,36429,633],{"class":583},[44,36431,1967],{"class":58},[44,36433,36434],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36435,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36437,36438,36440,36443,36445,36448,36450,36453,36455,36457],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36439,6576],{"class":4496},[44,36441,36442],{"class":50}," index",[44,36444,66],{"class":58},[44,36446,36447],{"class":50}," color ",[44,36449,4503],{"class":4496},[44,36451,36452],{"class":139}," enumerate",[44,36454,127],{"class":58},[44,36456,18120],{"class":123},[44,36458,8964],{"class":58},[44,36460,36461,36463,36465,36468,36470,36473],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36462,8690],{"class":139},[44,36464,127],{"class":58},[44,36466,36467],{"class":123},"index",[44,36469,66],{"class":58},[44,36471,36472],{"class":123}," color",[44,36474,133],{"class":58},[20,36476,150],{},[35,36478,36480],{"className":37,"code":36479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36481,36482,36489,36496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36483,36484,36486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36485,2748],{"class":62},[44,36487,36488],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,36490,36491,36493],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36492,63],{"class":62},[44,36494,36495],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,36497,36498,36500],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36499,339],{"class":62},[44,36501,36502],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,36504,1296,36505,36507],{},[15,36506,36370],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,36509,186,36511,189],{"id":36510},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36512,36370],{},[20,36514,36515,36517],{},[15,36516,36370],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36519,36520],{},"It is commonly used with:",[205,36522,36523,36525,36527,36529],{},[208,36524,5918],{},[208,36526,5921],{},[208,36528,5927],{},[208,36530,36531],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36533,36534],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36536,295],{},[35,36538,36540],{"className":37,"code":36539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36541,36542,36576,36580,36601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36543,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36563,36565,36567,36569,36572,36574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36545,5612],{"class":50},[44,36547,55],{"class":54},[44,36549,1954],{"class":58},[44,36551,633],{"class":583},[44,36553,13497],{"class":587},[44,36555,633],{"class":583},[44,36557,66],{"class":58},[44,36559,643],{"class":583},[44,36561,36562],{"class":587},"Ben",[44,36564,633],{"class":583},[44,36566,66],{"class":58},[44,36568,643],{"class":583},[44,36570,36571],{"class":587},"Cara",[44,36573,633],{"class":583},[44,36575,1967],{"class":58},[44,36577,36578],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36579,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36581,36582,36584,36586,36588,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36583,6576],{"class":4496},[44,36585,36442],{"class":50},[44,36587,66],{"class":58},[44,36589,36590],{"class":50}," name ",[44,36592,4503],{"class":4496},[44,36594,36452],{"class":139},[44,36596,127],{"class":58},[44,36598,5656],{"class":123},[44,36600,8964],{"class":58},[44,36602,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36614],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36604,8690],{"class":139},[44,36606,127],{"class":58},[44,36608,36467],{"class":123},[44,36610,66],{"class":58},[44,36612,36613],{"class":123}," name",[44,36615,133],{"class":58},[20,36617,150],{},[35,36619,36621],{"className":37,"code":36620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36622,36623,36630,36637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36624,36625,36627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36626,2748],{"class":62},[44,36628,36629],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,36631,36632,36634],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36633,63],{"class":62},[44,36635,36636],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,36638,36639,36641],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36640,339],{"class":62},[44,36642,36643],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,36645,36646,36647,120],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[176,36648,36650],{"href":36649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,36652,234],{"id":233},[20,36654,2787],{},[35,36656,36658],{"className":37,"code":36657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36659,36660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36661,36662,36665,36667,36669,36671,36674,36676,36678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36663,36664],{"class":139},"enumerate",[44,36666,127],{"class":58},[44,36668,4340],{"class":123},[44,36670,66],{"class":58},[44,36672,36673],{"class":9798}," start",[44,36675,55],{"class":54},[44,36677,2748],{"class":62},[44,36679,133],{"class":58},[20,36681,36682],{},"It has two parts:",[205,36684,36685,36690],{},[208,36686,36687,36689],{},[15,36688,4340],{},": the object you want to loop through",[208,36691,36692,36695],{},[15,36693,36694],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36697,36698,36699,120],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36700,2748],{},[20,36702,295],{},[35,36704,36706],{"className":37,"code":36705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36707,36708,36741,36745,36768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36709,36710,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36711,36712],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,36714,55],{"class":54},[44,36716,1954],{"class":58},[44,36718,633],{"class":583},[44,36720,176],{"class":587},[44,36722,633],{"class":583},[44,36724,66],{"class":58},[44,36726,643],{"class":583},[44,36728,130],{"class":587},[44,36730,633],{"class":583},[44,36732,66],{"class":58},[44,36734,643],{"class":583},[44,36736,431],{"class":587},[44,36738,633],{"class":583},[44,36740,1967],{"class":58},[44,36742,36743],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36744,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36746,36747,36749,36752,36754,36757,36759,36761,36763,36766],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36748,6576],{"class":4496},[44,36750,36751],{"class":50}," i",[44,36753,66],{"class":58},[44,36755,36756],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,36758,4503],{"class":4496},[44,36760,36452],{"class":139},[44,36762,127],{"class":58},[44,36764,36765],{"class":123},"letters",[44,36767,8964],{"class":58},[44,36769,36770,36772,36774,36777,36779,36782],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36771,8690],{"class":139},[44,36773,127],{"class":58},[44,36775,36776],{"class":123},"i",[44,36778,66],{"class":58},[44,36780,36781],{"class":123}," letter",[44,36783,133],{"class":58},[20,36785,150],{},[35,36787,36789],{"className":37,"code":36788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36790,36791,36798,36805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36792,36793,36795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36794,2748],{"class":62},[44,36796,36797],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36799,36800,36802],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36801,63],{"class":62},[44,36803,36804],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36806,36807,36809],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36808,339],{"class":62},[44,36810,36811],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36813,36814,36815,120],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[176,36816,4197,36818,4130],{"href":36817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36819,36820],{},"range()",[30,36822,186,36824,12321],{"id":36823},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36825,36370],{},[20,36827,36828,36830,36831,120],{},[15,36829,36370],{}," returns an ",[197,36832,36833],{},"enumerate object",[20,36835,36836,36837,36839],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36838,6576],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[205,36841,36842],{},[208,36843,36844],{},[15,36845,36846],{},"(index, item)",[20,36848,36849],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36851,295],{},[35,36853,36855],{"className":37,"code":36854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36856,36857,36890,36894,36916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36858,36859,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36860,36861],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,36863,55],{"class":54},[44,36865,1954],{"class":58},[44,36867,633],{"class":583},[44,36869,636],{"class":587},[44,36871,633],{"class":583},[44,36873,66],{"class":58},[44,36875,643],{"class":583},[44,36877,646],{"class":587},[44,36879,633],{"class":583},[44,36881,66],{"class":58},[44,36883,643],{"class":583},[44,36885,655],{"class":587},[44,36887,633],{"class":583},[44,36889,1967],{"class":58},[44,36891,36892],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36893,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36895,36896,36898,36900,36902,36905,36907,36909,36911,36914],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36897,6576],{"class":4496},[44,36899,36442],{"class":50},[44,36901,66],{"class":58},[44,36903,36904],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36906,4503],{"class":4496},[44,36908,36452],{"class":139},[44,36910,127],{"class":58},[44,36912,36913],{"class":123},"fruits",[44,36915,8964],{"class":58},[44,36917,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36929],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36919,8690],{"class":139},[44,36921,127],{"class":58},[44,36923,36467],{"class":123},[44,36925,66],{"class":58},[44,36927,36928],{"class":123}," fruit",[44,36930,133],{"class":58},[20,36932,36933],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36935,36937],{"className":37,"code":36936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36938,36939,36959,36963,36981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36940,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36942,884],{"class":50},[44,36944,55],{"class":54},[44,36946,1954],{"class":58},[44,36948,2958],{"class":62},[44,36950,66],{"class":58},[44,36952,8410],{"class":62},[44,36954,66],{"class":58},[44,36956,8415],{"class":62},[44,36958,1967],{"class":58},[44,36960,36961],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,36962,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,36964,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,36966,112],{"class":50},[44,36968,55],{"class":54},[44,36970,23177],{"class":548},[44,36972,127],{"class":58},[44,36974,36664],{"class":139},[44,36976,127],{"class":58},[44,36978,4268],{"class":123},[44,36980,556],{"class":58},[44,36982,36983,36985,36987,36989],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,36984,140],{"class":139},[44,36986,127],{"class":58},[44,36988,145],{"class":123},[44,36990,133],{"class":58},[20,36992,150],{},[35,36994,36996],{"className":37,"code":36995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36997,36998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36999,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37001,22358],{"class":58},[44,37003,2748],{"class":62},[44,37005,66],{"class":58},[44,37007,6622],{"class":62},[44,37009,9856],{"class":58},[44,37011,9859],{"class":58},[44,37013,63],{"class":62},[44,37015,66],{"class":58},[44,37017,8410],{"class":62},[44,37019,9856],{"class":58},[44,37021,9859],{"class":58},[44,37023,339],{"class":62},[44,37025,66],{"class":58},[44,37027,8415],{"class":62},[44,37029,9872],{"class":58},[20,37031,37032,37033,37035],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,37034,36370],{}," produces.",[30,37037,5578,37039],{"id":37038},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,37040,36370],{},[20,37042,1296,37043,37045],{},[15,37044,36370],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,37047,37048],{},"Common cases:",[205,37050,37051,37054,37057,37060],{},[208,37052,37053],{},"printing numbered output",[208,37055,37056],{},"building menus",[208,37058,37059],{},"showing positions in a list",[208,37061,37062],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,37064,295],{},[35,37066,37068],{"className":37,"code":37067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,37069,37070,37105,37109,37139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37071,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37083,37085,37087,37089,37092,37094,37096,37098,37101,37103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37073,30517],{"class":50},[44,37075,55],{"class":54},[44,37077,1954],{"class":58},[44,37079,633],{"class":583},[44,37081,37082],{"class":587},"Wash dishes",[44,37084,633],{"class":583},[44,37086,66],{"class":58},[44,37088,643],{"class":583},[44,37090,37091],{"class":587},"Study Python",[44,37093,633],{"class":583},[44,37095,66],{"class":58},[44,37097,643],{"class":583},[44,37099,37100],{"class":587},"Go for a walk",[44,37102,633],{"class":583},[44,37104,1967],{"class":58},[44,37106,37107],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37108,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37110,37111,37113,37115,37117,37120,37122,37124,37126,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37112,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37114,2825],{"class":50},[44,37116,66],{"class":58},[44,37118,37119],{"class":50}," task ",[44,37121,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37123,36452],{"class":139},[44,37125,127],{"class":58},[44,37127,37128],{"class":123},"tasks",[44,37130,66],{"class":58},[44,37132,36673],{"class":9798},[44,37134,55],{"class":54},[44,37136,63],{"class":62},[44,37138,8964],{"class":58},[44,37140,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37162,37164,37166],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37142,8690],{"class":139},[44,37144,127],{"class":58},[44,37146,22912],{"class":579},[44,37148,633],{"class":587},[44,37150,160],{"class":62},[44,37152,2867],{"class":123},[44,37154,22921],{"class":62},[44,37156,28933],{"class":587},[44,37158,160],{"class":62},[44,37160,37161],{"class":123},"task",[44,37163,22921],{"class":62},[44,37165,633],{"class":587},[44,37167,133],{"class":58},[20,37169,150],{},[35,37171,37173],{"className":37,"code":37172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37174,37175,37187,37199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37176,37177,37179,37181,37184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37178,63],{"class":62},[44,37180,120],{"class":58},[44,37182,37183],{"class":25368}," Wash",[44,37185,37186],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,37188,37189,37191,37193,37196],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37190,339],{"class":62},[44,37192,120],{"class":58},[44,37194,37195],{"class":25368}," Study",[44,37197,37198],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,37200,37201,37203,37205,37208,37210],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37202,95],{"class":62},[44,37204,120],{"class":58},[44,37206,37207],{"class":25368}," Go",[44,37209,4497],{"class":4496},[44,37211,37212],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,37214,37215,37216,37218,37219,120],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37217,36370],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37220,37221],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37223,37224,37225,120],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[176,37226,37228,37229,37231],{"href":37227},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37230,36370],{}," in Python",[30,37233,37235,37236,37238],{"id":37234},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37237,36694],{}," argument",[20,37240,37241,37242,37244],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37243,36694],{}," argument.",[20,37246,37247,37248,11711,37250,1598],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37249,63],{},[15,37251,2748],{},[35,37253,37255],{"className":37,"code":37254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37256,37257,37289,37293,37321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37260,13692],{"class":50},[44,37262,55],{"class":54},[44,37264,1954],{"class":58},[44,37266,633],{"class":583},[44,37268,13709],{"class":587},[44,37270,633],{"class":583},[44,37272,66],{"class":58},[44,37274,643],{"class":583},[44,37276,18073],{"class":587},[44,37278,633],{"class":583},[44,37280,66],{"class":58},[44,37282,643],{"class":583},[44,37284,13726],{"class":587},[44,37286,633],{"class":583},[44,37288,1967],{"class":58},[44,37290,37291],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37292,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37294,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37296,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37298,36442],{"class":50},[44,37300,66],{"class":58},[44,37302,36447],{"class":50},[44,37304,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37306,36452],{"class":139},[44,37308,127],{"class":58},[44,37310,18120],{"class":123},[44,37312,66],{"class":58},[44,37314,36673],{"class":9798},[44,37316,55],{"class":54},[44,37318,63],{"class":62},[44,37320,8964],{"class":58},[44,37322,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37324,8690],{"class":139},[44,37326,127],{"class":58},[44,37328,36467],{"class":123},[44,37330,66],{"class":58},[44,37332,36472],{"class":123},[44,37334,133],{"class":58},[20,37336,150],{},[35,37338,37340],{"className":37,"code":37339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37341,37342,37348,37354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37343,37344,37346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37345,63],{"class":62},[44,37347,36488],{"class":50},[44,37349,37350,37352],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37351,339],{"class":62},[44,37353,36495],{"class":50},[44,37355,37356,37358],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37357,95],{"class":62},[44,37359,36502],{"class":50},[20,37361,37362],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37364,37365],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,37367,25976],{"id":25975},[20,37369,25979,37370,120],{},[15,37371,36370],{},[1044,37373,37375],{"id":37374},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37377,37378],{},"In this loop:",[35,37380,37382],{"className":37,"code":37381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37383,37384,37404,37408,37428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37385,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37387,884],{"class":50},[44,37389,55],{"class":54},[44,37391,1954],{"class":58},[44,37393,2958],{"class":62},[44,37395,66],{"class":58},[44,37397,8410],{"class":62},[44,37399,66],{"class":58},[44,37401,8415],{"class":62},[44,37403,1967],{"class":58},[44,37405,37406],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37407,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37409,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37411,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37413,36442],{"class":50},[44,37415,66],{"class":58},[44,37417,22202],{"class":50},[44,37419,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37421,36452],{"class":139},[44,37423,127],{"class":58},[44,37425,4268],{"class":123},[44,37427,8964],{"class":58},[44,37429,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37431,8690],{"class":139},[44,37433,127],{"class":58},[44,37435,36467],{"class":123},[44,37437,66],{"class":58},[44,37439,9055],{"class":123},[44,37441,133],{"class":58},[205,37443,37444,37454],{},[208,37445,37446,5400,37448,2817,37450,2817,37452],{},[15,37447,36467],{},[15,37449,2748],{},[15,37451,63],{},[15,37453,339],{},[208,37455,37456,5400,37458,2817,37460,2817,37462],{},[15,37457,3100],{},[15,37459,2958],{},[15,37461,16372],{},[15,37463,37464],{},"30",[20,37466,37467],{},"These are different things.",[1044,37469,37471],{"id":37470},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37473,37474,37475,37477],{},"Each item from ",[15,37476,36370],{}," is a pair.",[20,37479,7305],{},[35,37481,37483],{"className":37,"code":37482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37484,37485,37509,37513,37533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37486,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37488,8399],{"class":50},[44,37490,55],{"class":54},[44,37492,1954],{"class":58},[44,37494,633],{"class":583},[44,37496,2801],{"class":587},[44,37498,633],{"class":583},[44,37500,66],{"class":58},[44,37502,643],{"class":583},[44,37504,12361],{"class":587},[44,37506,633],{"class":583},[44,37508,1967],{"class":58},[44,37510,37511],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37512,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37514,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37516,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37518,36751],{"class":50},[44,37520,66],{"class":58},[44,37522,6579],{"class":50},[44,37524,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37526,36452],{"class":139},[44,37528,127],{"class":58},[44,37530,8430],{"class":123},[44,37532,8964],{"class":58},[44,37534,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37536,8690],{"class":139},[44,37538,127],{"class":58},[44,37540,36776],{"class":123},[44,37542,66],{"class":58},[44,37544,30126],{"class":123},[44,37546,133],{"class":58},[20,37548,37549],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,37551,37553],{"className":37,"code":37552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37554,37555,37579,37583,37608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37556,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37558,8399],{"class":50},[44,37560,55],{"class":54},[44,37562,1954],{"class":58},[44,37564,633],{"class":583},[44,37566,2801],{"class":587},[44,37568,633],{"class":583},[44,37570,66],{"class":58},[44,37572,643],{"class":583},[44,37574,12361],{"class":587},[44,37576,633],{"class":583},[44,37578,1967],{"class":58},[44,37580,37581],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37582,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37584,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37586,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37588,36751],{"class":50},[44,37590,66],{"class":58},[44,37592,30126],{"class":50},[44,37594,66],{"class":58},[44,37596,37597],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,37599,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37601,36452],{"class":139},[44,37603,127],{"class":58},[44,37605,8430],{"class":123},[44,37607,8964],{"class":58},[44,37609,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37625],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37611,8690],{"class":139},[44,37613,127],{"class":58},[44,37615,36776],{"class":123},[44,37617,66],{"class":58},[44,37619,30126],{"class":123},[44,37621,66],{"class":58},[44,37623,37624],{"class":123}," extra",[44,37626,133],{"class":58},[20,37628,29680,37629,37631],{},[15,37630,36370],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1044,37633,37635,37637],{"id":37634},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37636,36370],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37639,37640],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37642,37643],{},"Example with a string:",[35,37645,37647],{"className":37,"code":37646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37648,37649,37674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37650,37651,37653,37655,37657,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37652,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37654,36442],{"class":50},[44,37656,66],{"class":58},[44,37658,37659],{"class":50}," char ",[44,37661,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37663,36452],{"class":139},[44,37665,127],{"class":58},[44,37667,633],{"class":583},[44,37669,2122],{"class":587},[44,37671,633],{"class":583},[44,37673,8964],{"class":58},[44,37675,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37687],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37677,8690],{"class":139},[44,37679,127],{"class":58},[44,37681,36467],{"class":123},[44,37683,66],{"class":58},[44,37685,37686],{"class":123}," char",[44,37688,133],{"class":58},[20,37690,150],{},[35,37692,37694],{"className":37,"code":37693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37695,37696,37702,37708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37697,37698,37700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37699,2748],{"class":62},[44,37701,36811],{"class":50},[44,37703,37704,37706],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37705,63],{"class":62},[44,37707,36797],{"class":50},[44,37709,37710,37712],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37711,339],{"class":62},[44,37713,37714],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,37716,37717,37718,120],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[176,37719,5754],{"href":6204},[1044,37721,37723],{"id":37722},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37725,37726,37727,120],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37728,36370],{},[20,37730,37731,37732,37734],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37733,6576],{}," loop:",[35,37736,37738],{"className":37,"code":37737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37739,37740,37772,37776,37788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37741,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37743,13692],{"class":50},[44,37745,55],{"class":54},[44,37747,1954],{"class":58},[44,37749,633],{"class":583},[44,37751,13709],{"class":587},[44,37753,633],{"class":583},[44,37755,66],{"class":58},[44,37757,643],{"class":583},[44,37759,18073],{"class":587},[44,37761,633],{"class":583},[44,37763,66],{"class":58},[44,37765,643],{"class":583},[44,37767,13726],{"class":587},[44,37769,633],{"class":583},[44,37771,1967],{"class":58},[44,37773,37774],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37775,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,37777,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37779,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37781,36447],{"class":50},[44,37783,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37785,13740],{"class":50},[44,37787,7011],{"class":58},[44,37789,37790,37792,37794,37796],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37791,8690],{"class":139},[44,37793,127],{"class":58},[44,37795,33511],{"class":123},[44,37797,133],{"class":58},[20,37799,37800],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37802,3454],{"id":3453},[20,37804,37805],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[205,37807,37808,37813,37819,37824],{},[208,37809,23718,37810,37812],{},[15,37811,36370],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[208,37814,37815,37816,37818],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37817,2748],{}," by default",[208,37820,863,37821,37823],{},[15,37822,36370],{}," when only values are needed",[208,37825,37826,37827,9326,37829],{},"Confusing ",[15,37828,36370],{},[15,37830,36820],{},[20,37832,37833],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37835,37837],{"className":37,"code":37836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37838,37839,37861,37888,37922,37955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37840,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37842,140],{"class":139},[44,37844,127],{"class":58},[44,37846,36664],{"class":139},[44,37848,3609],{"class":58},[44,37850,2958],{"class":62},[44,37852,66],{"class":58},[44,37854,8410],{"class":62},[44,37856,66],{"class":58},[44,37858,8415],{"class":62},[44,37860,3622],{"class":58},[44,37862,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37864,140],{"class":139},[44,37866,127],{"class":58},[44,37868,8715],{"class":548},[44,37870,127],{"class":58},[44,37872,36664],{"class":139},[44,37874,3609],{"class":58},[44,37876,2958],{"class":62},[44,37878,66],{"class":58},[44,37880,8410],{"class":62},[44,37882,66],{"class":58},[44,37884,8415],{"class":62},[44,37886,37887],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,37889,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,37891,140],{"class":139},[44,37893,127],{"class":58},[44,37895,8715],{"class":548},[44,37897,127],{"class":58},[44,37899,36664],{"class":139},[44,37901,3609],{"class":58},[44,37903,2958],{"class":62},[44,37905,66],{"class":58},[44,37907,8410],{"class":62},[44,37909,66],{"class":58},[44,37911,8415],{"class":62},[44,37913,18680],{"class":58},[44,37915,36673],{"class":9798},[44,37917,55],{"class":54},[44,37919,63],{"class":62},[44,37921,2432],{"class":58},[44,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,37925,6576],{"class":4496},[44,37927,36751],{"class":50},[44,37929,66],{"class":58},[44,37931,22202],{"class":50},[44,37933,4503],{"class":4496},[44,37935,36452],{"class":139},[44,37937,3609],{"class":58},[44,37939,590],{"class":583},[44,37941,176],{"class":587},[44,37943,590],{"class":583},[44,37945,66],{"class":58},[44,37947,584],{"class":583},[44,37949,130],{"class":587},[44,37951,590],{"class":583},[44,37953,37954],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,37956,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,37958,8690],{"class":139},[44,37960,127],{"class":58},[44,37962,36776],{"class":123},[44,37964,66],{"class":58},[44,37966,9055],{"class":123},[44,37968,133],{"class":58},[20,37970,17577],{},[35,37972,37974],{"className":37,"code":37973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37975,37976,37996,38028,38060,38066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37977,37978,37980,37982,37984,37987,37991,37994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37979,576],{"class":54},[44,37981,36664],{"class":139},[44,37983,25235],{"class":548},[44,37985,37986],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37988,37990],{"class":37989},"srjyR","0x",[44,37992,37993],{"class":35072},"...",[44,37995,593],{"class":54},[44,37997,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,37999,22358],{"class":58},[44,38001,2748],{"class":62},[44,38003,66],{"class":58},[44,38005,6622],{"class":62},[44,38007,9856],{"class":58},[44,38009,9859],{"class":58},[44,38011,63],{"class":62},[44,38013,66],{"class":58},[44,38015,8410],{"class":62},[44,38017,9856],{"class":58},[44,38019,9859],{"class":58},[44,38021,339],{"class":62},[44,38023,66],{"class":58},[44,38025,8415],{"class":62},[44,38027,9872],{"class":58},[44,38029,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38031,22358],{"class":58},[44,38033,63],{"class":62},[44,38035,66],{"class":58},[44,38037,6622],{"class":62},[44,38039,9856],{"class":58},[44,38041,9859],{"class":58},[44,38043,339],{"class":62},[44,38045,66],{"class":58},[44,38047,8410],{"class":62},[44,38049,9856],{"class":58},[44,38051,9859],{"class":58},[44,38053,95],{"class":62},[44,38055,66],{"class":58},[44,38057,8415],{"class":62},[44,38059,9872],{"class":58},[44,38061,38062,38064],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,38063,2748],{"class":62},[44,38065,36797],{"class":50},[44,38067,38068,38070],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,38069,63],{"class":62},[44,38071,36804],{"class":50},[30,38073,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,38075,5760,38077,5763],{"id":38076},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,38078,36370],{},[20,38080,38081],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1044,38083,2482,38085,38087],{"id":38084},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38086,36370],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38089,38090,38091,38093,38094,38097],{},"It starts at ",[15,38092,2748],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38095,38096],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1044,38099,22038,38101,11711,38103,1447],{"id":38100},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38102,36370],{},[15,38104,38105],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38107,37215,38108,38110],{},[15,38109,36370],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1044,38112,5788,38114,38116],{"id":38113},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38115,36370],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38118,38119,38120,38122],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38121,36370],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,38124,2528],{"id":2527},[205,38126,38127,38131,38137,38144],{},[208,38128,38129],{},[176,38130,36650],{"href":36649},[208,38132,38133],{},[176,38134,4197,38135,4130],{"href":36817},[15,38136,36820],{},[208,38138,38139],{},[176,38140,38141,38142,37231],{"href":37227},"How to use ",[15,38143,36370],{},[208,38145,38146],{},[176,38147,5834],{"href":6204},[2554,38149,38150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":38152},[38153,38154,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38170,38171,38181],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":36510,"depth":85,"text":38155},"What enumerate() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":36823,"depth":85,"text":38158},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37038,"depth":85,"text":38160},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37234,"depth":85,"text":38162},"Using the start argument",{"id":25975,"depth":85,"text":25976,"children":38164},[38165,38166,38167,38169],{"id":37374,"depth":109,"text":37375},{"id":37470,"depth":109,"text":37471},{"id":37634,"depth":109,"text":38168},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37722,"depth":109,"text":37723},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":38172},[38173,38175,38177,38179],{"id":38076,"depth":109,"text":38174},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38084,"depth":109,"text":38176},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38100,"depth":109,"text":38178},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38113,"depth":109,"text":38180},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36362,"description":38182},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38189,"title":38190,"body":38191,"description":40706,"extension":2593,"meta":40707,"navigation":364,"path":40708,"seo":40709,"stem":40710,"__hash__":40711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38192,"toc":40663},[38193,38199,38204,38207,38215,38229,38231,38321,38329,38334,38339,38341,38357,38359,38438,38440,38457,38463,38467,38469,38490,38494,38497,38509,38513,38516,38519,38536,38539,38615,38617,38634,38639,38643,38651,38654,38669,38671,38760,38762,38807,38810,38814,38817,38896,38898,38920,38923,38930,38935,38938,39041,39043,39068,39071,39078,39084,39089,39092,39103,39209,39211,39232,39240,39247,39253,39272,39277,39280,39299,39301,39386,39388,39417,39420,39425,39430,39433,39444,39446,39535,39537,39557,39563,39669,39671,39691,39694,39778,39780,39800,39807,39809,39813,39819,39822,39879,39882,39885,39946,39955,39958,39961,39989,39992,40052,40054,40071,40075,40078,40156,40158,40178,40181,40256,40260,40263,40265,40274,40279,40281,40332,40340,40352,40357,40418,40420,40437,40441,40504,40506,40531,40539,40541,40547,40553,40560,40568,40574,40577,40584,40594,40600,40606,40609,40626,40632,40634,40660],[10,38194,4197,38196,4201],{"id":38195},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38197,38198],{},"filter()",[20,38200,38201,38203],{},[15,38202,38198],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38205,38206],{},"It takes:",[205,38208,38209,38212],{},[208,38210,38211],{},"a function that checks each item",[208,38213,38214],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38216,38217,38218,38221,38222,38225,38226,38228],{},"The result is ",[197,38219,38220],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38223,38224],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38227,25399],{}," to see the values.",[30,38230,2634],{"id":2633},[35,38232,38234],{"className":37,"code":38233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38235,38236,38268,38304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38237,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38239,884],{"class":50},[44,38241,55],{"class":54},[44,38243,1954],{"class":58},[44,38245,63],{"class":62},[44,38247,66],{"class":58},[44,38249,69],{"class":62},[44,38251,66],{"class":58},[44,38253,74],{"class":62},[44,38255,66],{"class":58},[44,38257,79],{"class":62},[44,38259,66],{"class":58},[44,38261,104],{"class":62},[44,38263,66],{"class":58},[44,38265,911],{"class":62},[44,38267,1967],{"class":58},[44,38269,38270,38272,38274,38277,38279,38282,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38271,112],{"class":50},[44,38273,55],{"class":54},[44,38275,38276],{"class":139}," filter",[44,38278,127],{"class":58},[44,38280,38281],{"class":579},"lambda",[44,38283,38285],{"class":38284},"sFwrP"," x",[44,38287,1598],{"class":58},[44,38289,4500],{"class":123},[44,38291,7021],{"class":54},[44,38293,69],{"class":62},[44,38295,7026],{"class":54},[44,38297,4452],{"class":62},[44,38299,66],{"class":58},[44,38301,975],{"class":123},[44,38303,133],{"class":58},[44,38305,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38307,140],{"class":139},[44,38309,127],{"class":58},[44,38311,8715],{"class":548},[44,38313,127],{"class":58},[44,38315,145],{"class":123},[44,38317,5979],{"class":58},[44,38319,38320],{"class":1992},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38322,38323,38325,38326,38328],{},[15,38324,38198],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38327,25399],{}," to see the results.",[30,38330,186,38332,189],{"id":38331},"what-filter-does",[15,38333,38198],{},[20,38335,38336,38338],{},[15,38337,38198],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38340,2735],{},[205,38342,38343,38346,38352],{},[208,38344,38345],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[208,38347,38348,38349,38351],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38350,4226],{},", the item is kept",[208,38353,38348,38354,38356],{},[15,38355,4294],{},", the item is removed",[20,38358,295],{},[35,38360,38362],{"className":37,"code":38361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38363,38364,38392,38396,38424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38367,884],{"class":50},[44,38369,55],{"class":54},[44,38371,1954],{"class":58},[44,38373,63],{"class":62},[44,38375,66],{"class":58},[44,38377,69],{"class":62},[44,38379,66],{"class":58},[44,38381,74],{"class":62},[44,38383,66],{"class":58},[44,38385,79],{"class":62},[44,38387,66],{"class":58},[44,38389,104],{"class":62},[44,38391,1967],{"class":58},[44,38393,38394],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38395,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,38397,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38399,112],{"class":50},[44,38401,55],{"class":54},[44,38403,38276],{"class":139},[44,38405,127],{"class":58},[44,38407,38281],{"class":579},[44,38409,38285],{"class":38284},[44,38411,1598],{"class":58},[44,38413,4500],{"class":123},[44,38415,4873],{"class":54},[44,38417,74],{"class":62},[44,38419,66],{"class":58},[44,38421,975],{"class":123},[44,38423,133],{"class":58},[44,38425,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,38427,140],{"class":139},[44,38429,127],{"class":58},[44,38431,8715],{"class":548},[44,38433,127],{"class":58},[44,38435,145],{"class":123},[44,38437,556],{"class":58},[20,38439,150],{},[35,38441,38443],{"className":37,"code":38442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38444,38445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38446,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38448,4521],{"class":58},[44,38450,1517],{"class":62},[44,38452,66],{"class":58},[44,38454,104],{"class":62},[44,38456,1967],{"class":58},[20,38458,38459,38460,38462],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38461,95],{}," are kept.",[30,38464,38466],{"id":38465},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38468,2787],{},[35,38470,38472],{"className":37,"code":38471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38473,38474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38475,38476,38478,38480,38483,38485,38488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38477,38224],{"class":139},[44,38479,127],{"class":58},[44,38481,38482],{"class":123},"function",[44,38484,66],{"class":58},[44,38486,38487],{"class":123}," iterable",[44,38489,133],{"class":58},[1044,38491,38492],{"id":38482},[15,38493,38482],{},[20,38495,38496],{},"This is the test function.",[205,38498,38499,38502],{},[208,38500,38501],{},"It receives one item at a time",[208,38503,38504,38505,428,38507],{},"It should return ",[15,38506,4226],{},[15,38508,4294],{},[1044,38510,38511],{"id":4340},[15,38512,4340],{},[20,38514,38515],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38517,38518],{},"It can be:",[205,38520,38521,38524,38527,38530,38533],{},[208,38522,38523],{},"a list",[208,38525,38526],{},"a tuple",[208,38528,38529],{},"a string",[208,38531,38532],{},"a set",[208,38534,38535],{},"another iterable object",[20,38537,38538],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,38540,38542],{"className":37,"code":38541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38543,38544,38569,38573,38601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38545,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38559,38561,38563,38565,38567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38547,884],{"class":50},[44,38549,55],{"class":54},[44,38551,9859],{"class":58},[44,38553,2958],{"class":62},[44,38555,66],{"class":58},[44,38557,38558],{"class":62}," 15",[44,38560,66],{"class":58},[44,38562,8410],{"class":62},[44,38564,66],{"class":58},[44,38566,9928],{"class":62},[44,38568,133],{"class":58},[44,38570,38571],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38572,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,38574,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38576,112],{"class":50},[44,38578,55],{"class":54},[44,38580,38276],{"class":139},[44,38582,127],{"class":58},[44,38584,38281],{"class":579},[44,38586,38285],{"class":38284},[44,38588,1598],{"class":58},[44,38590,4500],{"class":123},[44,38592,5716],{"class":54},[44,38594,8410],{"class":62},[44,38596,66],{"class":58},[44,38598,975],{"class":123},[44,38600,133],{"class":58},[44,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,38604,140],{"class":139},[44,38606,127],{"class":58},[44,38608,8715],{"class":548},[44,38610,127],{"class":58},[44,38612,145],{"class":123},[44,38614,556],{"class":58},[20,38616,150],{},[35,38618,38620],{"className":37,"code":38619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38621,38622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38623,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38625,4521],{"class":58},[44,38627,16372],{"class":62},[44,38629,66],{"class":58},[44,38631,9928],{"class":62},[44,38633,1967],{"class":58},[20,38635,38636,38637,120],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[176,38638,5754],{"href":6204},[30,38640,38642],{"id":38641},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38644,38645,38646,22593,38648,120],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38647,38198],{},[197,38649,38650],{},"filter object",[20,38652,38653],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[205,38655,38656,38659,38664],{},[208,38657,38658],{},"loop through it",[208,38660,38661,38662],{},"convert it with ",[15,38663,25399],{},[208,38665,38661,38666],{},[15,38667,38668],{},"tuple()",[20,38670,295],{},[35,38672,38674],{"className":37,"code":38673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38675,38676,38718,38722,38732,38746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38677,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38679,112],{"class":50},[44,38681,55],{"class":54},[44,38683,38276],{"class":139},[44,38685,127],{"class":58},[44,38687,38281],{"class":579},[44,38689,38285],{"class":38284},[44,38691,1598],{"class":58},[44,38693,4500],{"class":123},[44,38695,4873],{"class":54},[44,38697,69],{"class":62},[44,38699,66],{"class":58},[44,38701,1954],{"class":58},[44,38703,63],{"class":62},[44,38705,66],{"class":58},[44,38707,69],{"class":62},[44,38709,66],{"class":58},[44,38711,74],{"class":62},[44,38713,66],{"class":58},[44,38715,79],{"class":62},[44,38717,4509],{"class":58},[44,38719,38720],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38721,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,38723,38724,38726,38728,38730],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38725,140],{"class":139},[44,38727,127],{"class":58},[44,38729,145],{"class":123},[44,38731,133],{"class":58},[44,38733,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,38735,140],{"class":139},[44,38737,127],{"class":58},[44,38739,549],{"class":548},[44,38741,127],{"class":58},[44,38743,145],{"class":123},[44,38745,556],{"class":58},[44,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,38749,140],{"class":139},[44,38751,127],{"class":58},[44,38753,8715],{"class":548},[44,38755,127],{"class":58},[44,38757,145],{"class":123},[44,38759,556],{"class":58},[20,38761,150],{},[35,38763,38765],{"className":37,"code":38764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38766,38767,38781,38795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38768,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38770,576],{"class":54},[44,38772,38224],{"class":139},[44,38774,25235],{"class":548},[44,38776,37986],{"class":50},[44,38778,37993],{"class":35072},[44,38780,593],{"class":54},[44,38782,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38784,576],{"class":54},[44,38786,580],{"class":579},[44,38788,584],{"class":583},[44,38790,38224],{"class":587},[44,38792,590],{"class":583},[44,38794,593],{"class":54},[44,38796,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38798,4521],{"class":58},[44,38800,95],{"class":62},[44,38802,66],{"class":58},[44,38804,79],{"class":62},[44,38806,1967],{"class":58},[20,38808,38809],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1044,38811,38813],{"id":38812},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38815,38816],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38818,38820],{"className":37,"code":38819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38821,38822,38864,38868,38882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38823,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38825,112],{"class":50},[44,38827,55],{"class":54},[44,38829,38276],{"class":139},[44,38831,127],{"class":58},[44,38833,38281],{"class":579},[44,38835,38285],{"class":38284},[44,38837,1598],{"class":58},[44,38839,4500],{"class":123},[44,38841,4873],{"class":54},[44,38843,69],{"class":62},[44,38845,66],{"class":58},[44,38847,1954],{"class":58},[44,38849,63],{"class":62},[44,38851,66],{"class":58},[44,38853,69],{"class":62},[44,38855,66],{"class":58},[44,38857,74],{"class":62},[44,38859,66],{"class":58},[44,38861,79],{"class":62},[44,38863,4509],{"class":58},[44,38865,38866],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38867,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,38869,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38871,140],{"class":139},[44,38873,127],{"class":58},[44,38875,8715],{"class":548},[44,38877,127],{"class":58},[44,38879,145],{"class":123},[44,38881,556],{"class":58},[44,38883,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,38885,140],{"class":139},[44,38887,127],{"class":58},[44,38889,8715],{"class":548},[44,38891,127],{"class":58},[44,38893,145],{"class":123},[44,38895,556],{"class":58},[20,38897,150],{},[35,38899,38901],{"className":37,"code":38900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38902,38903,38915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38906,4521],{"class":58},[44,38908,95],{"class":62},[44,38910,66],{"class":58},[44,38912,79],{"class":62},[44,38914,1967],{"class":58},[44,38916,38917],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38918,38919],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,38921,38922],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38924,863,38926,9326,38928],{"id":38925},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38927,38198],{},[15,38929,38281],{},[20,38931,15807,38932,38934],{},[15,38933,38281],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38936,38937],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38939,38941],{"className":37,"code":38940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38942,38943,38985,38989,39027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38944,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38981,38983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38946,4692],{"class":50},[44,38948,55],{"class":54},[44,38950,1954],{"class":58},[44,38952,633],{"class":583},[44,38954,636],{"class":587},[44,38956,633],{"class":583},[44,38958,66],{"class":58},[44,38960,643],{"class":583},[44,38962,38963],{"class":587},"kiwi",[44,38965,633],{"class":583},[44,38967,66],{"class":58},[44,38969,643],{"class":583},[44,38971,646],{"class":587},[44,38973,633],{"class":583},[44,38975,66],{"class":58},[44,38977,643],{"class":583},[44,38979,38980],{"class":587},"fig",[44,38982,633],{"class":583},[44,38984,1967],{"class":58},[44,38986,38987],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,38988,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,38990,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39004,39006,39009,39011,39014,39016,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,38992,112],{"class":50},[44,38994,55],{"class":54},[44,38996,38276],{"class":139},[44,38998,127],{"class":58},[44,39000,38281],{"class":579},[44,39002,39003],{"class":38284}," word",[44,39005,1598],{"class":58},[44,39007,39008],{"class":139}," len",[44,39010,127],{"class":58},[44,39012,39013],{"class":123},"word",[44,39015,4281],{"class":58},[44,39017,39018],{"class":54}," >",[44,39020,79],{"class":62},[44,39022,66],{"class":58},[44,39024,6786],{"class":123},[44,39026,133],{"class":58},[44,39028,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39030,140],{"class":139},[44,39032,127],{"class":58},[44,39034,8715],{"class":548},[44,39036,127],{"class":58},[44,39038,145],{"class":123},[44,39040,556],{"class":58},[20,39042,150],{},[35,39044,39046],{"className":37,"code":39045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,39047,39048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39049,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39051,4521],{"class":58},[44,39053,590],{"class":583},[44,39055,636],{"class":587},[44,39057,590],{"class":583},[44,39059,66],{"class":58},[44,39061,584],{"class":583},[44,39063,646],{"class":587},[44,39065,590],{"class":583},[44,39067,1967],{"class":58},[20,39069,39070],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,39072,39073,39074,120],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[176,39075,39077],{"href":39076},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,39079,863,39081,39083],{"id":39080},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,39082,38198],{}," with a named function",[20,39085,39086,39087,120],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,39088,38281],{},[20,39090,39091],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[205,39093,39094,39097,39100],{},[208,39095,39096],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[208,39098,39099],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[208,39101,39102],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,39104,39106],{"className":37,"code":39105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39107,39108,39121,39136,39140,39172,39191,39195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39109,39110,39112,39115,39117,39119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39111,35471],{"class":579},[44,39113,39114],{"class":35474}," is_even",[44,39116,127],{"class":58},[44,39118,2867],{"class":38284},[44,39120,8964],{"class":58},[44,39122,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39124,35482],{"class":4496},[44,39126,7004],{"class":50},[44,39128,7021],{"class":54},[44,39130,69],{"class":62},[44,39132,7026],{"class":54},[44,39134,39135],{"class":62}," 0\n",[44,39137,39138],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,39139,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39141,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39143,884],{"class":50},[44,39145,55],{"class":54},[44,39147,1954],{"class":58},[44,39149,63],{"class":62},[44,39151,66],{"class":58},[44,39153,69],{"class":62},[44,39155,66],{"class":58},[44,39157,74],{"class":62},[44,39159,66],{"class":58},[44,39161,79],{"class":62},[44,39163,66],{"class":58},[44,39165,104],{"class":62},[44,39167,66],{"class":58},[44,39169,911],{"class":62},[44,39171,1967],{"class":58},[44,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39185,39187,39189],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,39175,112],{"class":50},[44,39177,55],{"class":54},[44,39179,38276],{"class":139},[44,39181,127],{"class":58},[44,39183,39184],{"class":123},"is_even",[44,39186,66],{"class":58},[44,39188,975],{"class":123},[44,39190,133],{"class":58},[44,39192,39193],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,39194,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39196,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,39198,140],{"class":139},[44,39200,127],{"class":58},[44,39202,8715],{"class":548},[44,39204,127],{"class":58},[44,39206,145],{"class":123},[44,39208,556],{"class":58},[20,39210,150],{},[35,39212,39214],{"className":37,"code":39213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39215,39216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39217,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39219,4521],{"class":58},[44,39221,339],{"class":62},[44,39223,66],{"class":58},[44,39225,79],{"class":62},[44,39227,66],{"class":58},[44,39229,911],{"class":62},[44,39231,1967],{"class":58},[20,39233,21389,39234,3025,39237,39239],{},[15,39235,39236],{},"is_even()",[15,39238,4226],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,39241,863,39243,9326,39245],{"id":39242},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39244,4398],{},[15,39246,38198],{},[20,39248,39249,39250,39252],{},"You can pass ",[15,39251,4398],{}," as the first argument:",[35,39254,39256],{"className":37,"code":39255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39257,39258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39259,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39261,38224],{"class":139},[44,39263,127],{"class":58},[44,39265,4398],{"class":4471},[44,39267,66],{"class":58},[44,39269,38487],{"class":123},[44,39271,133],{"class":58},[20,39273,39274,39275,7958],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[197,39276,6214],{},[20,39278,39279],{},"Falsy values include:",[205,39281,39282,39286,39291,39295],{},[208,39283,39284],{},[15,39285,2748],{},[208,39287,39288,39290],{},[15,39289,4393],{}," (empty string)",[208,39292,39293],{},[15,39294,4398],{},[208,39296,39297],{},[15,39298,4294],{},[20,39300,295],{},[35,39302,39304],{"className":37,"code":39303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39305,39306,39350,39354,39372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39307,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39309,8399],{"class":50},[44,39311,55],{"class":54},[44,39313,1954],{"class":58},[44,39315,2748],{"class":62},[44,39317,66],{"class":58},[44,39319,2212],{"class":62},[44,39321,66],{"class":58},[44,39323,6744],{"class":583},[44,39325,66],{"class":58},[44,39327,643],{"class":583},[44,39329,4464],{"class":587},[44,39331,633],{"class":583},[44,39333,66],{"class":58},[44,39335,4472],{"class":4471},[44,39337,66],{"class":58},[44,39339,4537],{"class":4471},[44,39341,66],{"class":58},[44,39343,4528],{"class":4471},[44,39345,66],{"class":58},[44,39347,104],{"class":62},[44,39349,1967],{"class":58},[44,39351,39352],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39353,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39355,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,39357,112],{"class":50},[44,39359,55],{"class":54},[44,39361,38276],{"class":139},[44,39363,127],{"class":58},[44,39365,4398],{"class":4471},[44,39367,66],{"class":58},[44,39369,6584],{"class":123},[44,39371,133],{"class":58},[44,39373,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39375,140],{"class":139},[44,39377,127],{"class":58},[44,39379,8715],{"class":548},[44,39381,127],{"class":58},[44,39383,145],{"class":123},[44,39385,556],{"class":58},[20,39387,150],{},[35,39389,39391],{"className":37,"code":39390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39392,39393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39394,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39396,4521],{"class":58},[44,39398,63],{"class":62},[44,39400,66],{"class":58},[44,39402,584],{"class":583},[44,39404,4464],{"class":587},[44,39406,590],{"class":583},[44,39408,66],{"class":58},[44,39410,4537],{"class":4471},[44,39412,66],{"class":58},[44,39414,104],{"class":62},[44,39416,1967],{"class":58},[20,39418,39419],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,39421,5578,39423],{"id":39422},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39424,38198],{},[20,39426,1296,39427,39429],{},[15,39428,38198],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39431,39432],{},"It works well for:",[205,39434,39435,39438,39441],{},[208,39436,39437],{},"simple filtering rules",[208,39439,39440],{},"quick data cleaning",[208,39442,39443],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39445,295],{},[35,39447,39449],{"className":37,"code":39448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39450,39451,39483,39516,39520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39452,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39454,884],{"class":50},[44,39456,55],{"class":54},[44,39458,1954],{"class":58},[44,39460,63],{"class":62},[44,39462,66],{"class":58},[44,39464,69],{"class":62},[44,39466,66],{"class":58},[44,39468,74],{"class":62},[44,39470,66],{"class":58},[44,39472,79],{"class":62},[44,39474,66],{"class":58},[44,39476,104],{"class":62},[44,39478,66],{"class":58},[44,39480,911],{"class":62},[44,39482,1967],{"class":58},[44,39484,39485,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39486,39487],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,39489,55],{"class":54},[44,39491,38276],{"class":139},[44,39493,127],{"class":58},[44,39495,38281],{"class":579},[44,39497,38285],{"class":38284},[44,39499,1598],{"class":58},[44,39501,4500],{"class":123},[44,39503,7021],{"class":54},[44,39505,69],{"class":62},[44,39507,7026],{"class":54},[44,39509,4452],{"class":62},[44,39511,66],{"class":58},[44,39513,975],{"class":123},[44,39515,133],{"class":58},[44,39517,39518],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,39519,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39521,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39533],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39523,140],{"class":139},[44,39525,127],{"class":58},[44,39527,8715],{"class":548},[44,39529,127],{"class":58},[44,39531,39532],{"class":123},"evens",[44,39534,556],{"class":58},[20,39536,150],{},[35,39538,39539],{"className":37,"code":39213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39540,39541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39542,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39544,4521],{"class":58},[44,39546,339],{"class":62},[44,39548,66],{"class":58},[44,39550,79],{"class":62},[44,39552,66],{"class":58},[44,39554,911],{"class":62},[44,39556,1967],{"class":58},[20,39558,39559,39560,39562],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39561,6576],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,39564,39566],{"className":37,"code":39565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39567,39568,39600,39608,39612,39624,39640,39655,39659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39569,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39571,884],{"class":50},[44,39573,55],{"class":54},[44,39575,1954],{"class":58},[44,39577,63],{"class":62},[44,39579,66],{"class":58},[44,39581,69],{"class":62},[44,39583,66],{"class":58},[44,39585,74],{"class":62},[44,39587,66],{"class":58},[44,39589,79],{"class":62},[44,39591,66],{"class":58},[44,39593,104],{"class":62},[44,39595,66],{"class":58},[44,39597,911],{"class":62},[44,39599,1967],{"class":58},[44,39601,39602,39604,39606],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39603,39487],{"class":50},[44,39605,55],{"class":54},[44,39607,8459],{"class":58},[44,39609,39610],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,39611,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39613,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39615,6576],{"class":4496},[44,39617,7004],{"class":50},[44,39619,4503],{"class":4496},[44,39621,975],{"class":50},[44,39623,7011],{"class":58},[44,39625,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,39627,7016],{"class":4496},[44,39629,7004],{"class":50},[44,39631,7021],{"class":54},[44,39633,69],{"class":62},[44,39635,7026],{"class":54},[44,39637,4452],{"class":62},[44,39639,7011],{"class":58},[44,39641,39642,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,39643,39644],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,39646,120],{"class":58},[44,39648,14170],{"class":123},[44,39650,127],{"class":58},[44,39652,2867],{"class":123},[44,39654,133],{"class":58},[44,39656,39657],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,39658,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39660,39661,39663,39665,39667],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,39662,140],{"class":139},[44,39664,127],{"class":58},[44,39666,39532],{"class":123},[44,39668,133],{"class":58},[20,39670,150],{},[35,39672,39673],{"className":37,"code":39213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39674,39675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39676,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39678,4521],{"class":58},[44,39680,339],{"class":62},[44,39682,66],{"class":58},[44,39684,79],{"class":62},[44,39686,66],{"class":58},[44,39688,911],{"class":62},[44,39690,1967],{"class":58},[20,39692,39693],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,39695,39697],{"className":37,"code":39696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39698,39699,39731,39764,39768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39700,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39702,884],{"class":50},[44,39704,55],{"class":54},[44,39706,1954],{"class":58},[44,39708,63],{"class":62},[44,39710,66],{"class":58},[44,39712,69],{"class":62},[44,39714,66],{"class":58},[44,39716,74],{"class":62},[44,39718,66],{"class":58},[44,39720,79],{"class":62},[44,39722,66],{"class":58},[44,39724,104],{"class":62},[44,39726,66],{"class":58},[44,39728,911],{"class":62},[44,39730,1967],{"class":58},[44,39732,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39734,39487],{"class":50},[44,39736,55],{"class":54},[44,39738,1954],{"class":58},[44,39740,2845],{"class":50},[44,39742,6576],{"class":4496},[44,39744,7004],{"class":50},[44,39746,4503],{"class":4496},[44,39748,39749],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,39751,7615],{"class":4496},[44,39753,7004],{"class":50},[44,39755,7021],{"class":54},[44,39757,69],{"class":62},[44,39759,7026],{"class":54},[44,39761,4452],{"class":62},[44,39763,1967],{"class":58},[44,39765,39766],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,39767,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,39769,39770,39772,39774,39776],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,39771,140],{"class":139},[44,39773,127],{"class":58},[44,39775,39532],{"class":123},[44,39777,133],{"class":58},[20,39779,150],{},[35,39781,39782],{"className":37,"code":39213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39783,39784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39785,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39787,4521],{"class":58},[44,39789,339],{"class":62},[44,39791,66],{"class":58},[44,39793,79],{"class":62},[44,39795,66],{"class":58},[44,39797,911],{"class":62},[44,39799,1967],{"class":58},[20,39801,39802,39803,120],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[176,39804,39806],{"href":39805},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39808,3454],{"id":3453},[20,39810,15351,39811,120],{},[15,39812,38198],{},[1044,39814,9075,39816,39818],{"id":39815},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39817,38198],{}," to return a list",[20,39820,39821],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,39823,39825],{"className":37,"code":39824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39826,39827,39869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39828,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39830,112],{"class":50},[44,39832,55],{"class":54},[44,39834,38276],{"class":139},[44,39836,127],{"class":58},[44,39838,38281],{"class":579},[44,39840,38285],{"class":38284},[44,39842,1598],{"class":58},[44,39844,4500],{"class":123},[44,39846,4873],{"class":54},[44,39848,69],{"class":62},[44,39850,66],{"class":58},[44,39852,1954],{"class":58},[44,39854,63],{"class":62},[44,39856,66],{"class":58},[44,39858,69],{"class":62},[44,39860,66],{"class":58},[44,39862,74],{"class":62},[44,39864,66],{"class":58},[44,39866,79],{"class":62},[44,39868,4509],{"class":58},[44,39870,39871,39873,39875,39877],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39872,140],{"class":139},[44,39874,127],{"class":58},[44,39876,145],{"class":123},[44,39878,133],{"class":58},[20,39880,39881],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39883,39884],{},"Fix:",[35,39886,39888],{"className":37,"code":39887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39889,39890,39932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39891,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39893,112],{"class":50},[44,39895,55],{"class":54},[44,39897,38276],{"class":139},[44,39899,127],{"class":58},[44,39901,38281],{"class":579},[44,39903,38285],{"class":38284},[44,39905,1598],{"class":58},[44,39907,4500],{"class":123},[44,39909,4873],{"class":54},[44,39911,69],{"class":62},[44,39913,66],{"class":58},[44,39915,1954],{"class":58},[44,39917,63],{"class":62},[44,39919,66],{"class":58},[44,39921,69],{"class":62},[44,39923,66],{"class":58},[44,39925,74],{"class":62},[44,39927,66],{"class":58},[44,39929,79],{"class":62},[44,39931,4509],{"class":58},[44,39933,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39935,140],{"class":139},[44,39937,127],{"class":58},[44,39939,8715],{"class":548},[44,39941,127],{"class":58},[44,39943,145],{"class":123},[44,39945,556],{"class":58},[1044,39947,39949,39950,428,39952,39954],{"id":39948},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39951,4226],{},[15,39953,4294],{}," clearly",[20,39956,39957],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39959,39960],{},"Good example:",[35,39962,39964],{"className":37,"code":39963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39965,39966,39979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39967,39968,39970,39973,39975,39977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39969,35471],{"class":579},[44,39971,39972],{"class":35474}," is_positive",[44,39974,127],{"class":58},[44,39976,2867],{"class":38284},[44,39978,8964],{"class":58},[44,39980,39981,39983,39985,39987],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,39982,35482],{"class":4496},[44,39984,7004],{"class":50},[44,39986,4873],{"class":54},[44,39988,39135],{"class":62},[20,39990,39991],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39993,39995],{"className":37,"code":39994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39996,39997,40029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39998,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40013,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40000,884],{"class":50},[44,40002,55],{"class":54},[44,40004,1954],{"class":58},[44,40006,1316],{"class":54},[44,40008,339],{"class":62},[44,40010,66],{"class":58},[44,40012,2850],{"class":54},[44,40014,63],{"class":62},[44,40016,66],{"class":58},[44,40018,4452],{"class":62},[44,40020,66],{"class":58},[44,40022,2212],{"class":62},[44,40024,66],{"class":58},[44,40026,69],{"class":62},[44,40028,1967],{"class":58},[44,40030,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40046,40048,40050],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40032,140],{"class":139},[44,40034,127],{"class":58},[44,40036,8715],{"class":548},[44,40038,127],{"class":58},[44,40040,38224],{"class":139},[44,40042,127],{"class":58},[44,40044,40045],{"class":123},"is_positive",[44,40047,66],{"class":58},[44,40049,975],{"class":123},[44,40051,2432],{"class":58},[20,40053,150],{},[35,40055,40057],{"className":37,"code":40056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,40058,40059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40060,40061,40063,40065,40067,40069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40062,4521],{"class":58},[44,40064,63],{"class":62},[44,40066,66],{"class":58},[44,40068,69],{"class":62},[44,40070,1967],{"class":58},[1044,40072,40074],{"id":40073},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,40076,40077],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,40079,40080],{"className":37,"code":38819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40081,40082,40124,40128,40142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40083,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40085,112],{"class":50},[44,40087,55],{"class":54},[44,40089,38276],{"class":139},[44,40091,127],{"class":58},[44,40093,38281],{"class":579},[44,40095,38285],{"class":38284},[44,40097,1598],{"class":58},[44,40099,4500],{"class":123},[44,40101,4873],{"class":54},[44,40103,69],{"class":62},[44,40105,66],{"class":58},[44,40107,1954],{"class":58},[44,40109,63],{"class":62},[44,40111,66],{"class":58},[44,40113,69],{"class":62},[44,40115,66],{"class":58},[44,40117,74],{"class":62},[44,40119,66],{"class":58},[44,40121,79],{"class":62},[44,40123,4509],{"class":58},[44,40125,40126],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40127,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,40129,40130,40132,40134,40136,40138,40140],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,40131,140],{"class":139},[44,40133,127],{"class":58},[44,40135,8715],{"class":548},[44,40137,127],{"class":58},[44,40139,145],{"class":123},[44,40141,556],{"class":58},[44,40143,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,40145,140],{"class":139},[44,40147,127],{"class":58},[44,40149,8715],{"class":548},[44,40151,127],{"class":58},[44,40153,145],{"class":123},[44,40155,556],{"class":58},[20,40157,150],{},[35,40159,40160],{"className":37,"code":38900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40161,40162,40174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40163,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40165,4521],{"class":58},[44,40167,95],{"class":62},[44,40169,66],{"class":58},[44,40171,79],{"class":62},[44,40173,1967],{"class":58},[44,40175,40176],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40177,38919],{"class":58},[20,40179,40180],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,40182,40184],{"className":37,"code":40183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40185,40186,40232,40236,40246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40187,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228,40230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40189,112],{"class":50},[44,40191,55],{"class":54},[44,40193,23177],{"class":548},[44,40195,127],{"class":58},[44,40197,38224],{"class":139},[44,40199,127],{"class":58},[44,40201,38281],{"class":579},[44,40203,38285],{"class":38284},[44,40205,1598],{"class":58},[44,40207,4500],{"class":123},[44,40209,4873],{"class":54},[44,40211,69],{"class":62},[44,40213,66],{"class":58},[44,40215,1954],{"class":58},[44,40217,63],{"class":62},[44,40219,66],{"class":58},[44,40221,69],{"class":62},[44,40223,66],{"class":58},[44,40225,74],{"class":62},[44,40227,66],{"class":58},[44,40229,79],{"class":62},[44,40231,3622],{"class":58},[44,40233,40234],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40235,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,40237,40238,40240,40242,40244],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,40239,140],{"class":139},[44,40241,127],{"class":58},[44,40243,145],{"class":123},[44,40245,133],{"class":58},[44,40247,40248,40250,40252,40254],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,40249,140],{"class":139},[44,40251,127],{"class":58},[44,40253,145],{"class":123},[44,40255,133],{"class":58},[1044,40257,40259],{"id":40258},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40261,40262],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40264,17262],{},[35,40266,40268],{"className":37,"code":40267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40269,40270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40271,40272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40273,40267],{"class":1992},[20,40275,40276,40277,7168],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40278,2958],{},[20,40280,17274],{},[35,40282,40284],{"className":37,"code":40283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40285,40286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40287,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302,40304,40306,40308,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324,40326,40328,40330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40289,140],{"class":139},[44,40291,127],{"class":58},[44,40293,8715],{"class":548},[44,40295,127],{"class":58},[44,40297,38224],{"class":139},[44,40299,127],{"class":58},[44,40301,38281],{"class":579},[44,40303,38285],{"class":38284},[44,40305,1598],{"class":58},[44,40307,4500],{"class":123},[44,40309,4873],{"class":54},[44,40311,69],{"class":62},[44,40313,66],{"class":58},[44,40315,1954],{"class":58},[44,40317,63],{"class":62},[44,40319,66],{"class":58},[44,40321,69],{"class":62},[44,40323,66],{"class":58},[44,40325,74],{"class":62},[44,40327,66],{"class":58},[44,40329,79],{"class":62},[44,40331,37887],{"class":58},[1044,40333,37826,40335,9326,40337],{"id":40334},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40336,38198],{},[15,40338,40339],{},"map()",[205,40341,40342,40347],{},[208,40343,40344,40346],{},[15,40345,38198],{}," keeps or removes items",[208,40348,40349,40351],{},[15,40350,40339],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40353,40354,40355,1598],{},"Example of ",[15,40356,38198],{},[35,40358,40360],{"className":37,"code":40359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40361,40362,40386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40363,40364,40366,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40365,884],{"class":50},[44,40367,55],{"class":54},[44,40369,1954],{"class":58},[44,40371,63],{"class":62},[44,40373,66],{"class":58},[44,40375,69],{"class":62},[44,40377,66],{"class":58},[44,40379,74],{"class":62},[44,40381,66],{"class":58},[44,40383,79],{"class":62},[44,40385,1967],{"class":58},[44,40387,40388,40390,40392,40394,40396,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40389,140],{"class":139},[44,40391,127],{"class":58},[44,40393,8715],{"class":548},[44,40395,127],{"class":58},[44,40397,38224],{"class":139},[44,40399,127],{"class":58},[44,40401,38281],{"class":579},[44,40403,38285],{"class":38284},[44,40405,1598],{"class":58},[44,40407,4500],{"class":123},[44,40409,4873],{"class":54},[44,40411,69],{"class":62},[44,40413,66],{"class":58},[44,40415,975],{"class":123},[44,40417,2432],{"class":58},[20,40419,150],{},[35,40421,40423],{"className":37,"code":40422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40424,40425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40426,40427,40429,40431,40433,40435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40428,4521],{"class":58},[44,40430,95],{"class":62},[44,40432,66],{"class":58},[44,40434,79],{"class":62},[44,40436,1967],{"class":58},[20,40438,40354,40439,1598],{},[15,40440,40339],{},[35,40442,40444],{"className":37,"code":40443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40445,40446,40470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40447,40448,40450,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40449,884],{"class":50},[44,40451,55],{"class":54},[44,40453,1954],{"class":58},[44,40455,63],{"class":62},[44,40457,66],{"class":58},[44,40459,69],{"class":62},[44,40461,66],{"class":58},[44,40463,74],{"class":62},[44,40465,66],{"class":58},[44,40467,79],{"class":62},[44,40469,1967],{"class":58},[44,40471,40472,40474,40476,40478,40480,40483,40485,40487,40489,40491,40493,40496,40498,40500,40502],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40473,140],{"class":139},[44,40475,127],{"class":58},[44,40477,8715],{"class":548},[44,40479,127],{"class":58},[44,40481,40482],{"class":139},"map",[44,40484,127],{"class":58},[44,40486,38281],{"class":579},[44,40488,38285],{"class":38284},[44,40490,1598],{"class":58},[44,40492,4500],{"class":123},[44,40494,40495],{"class":54},"*",[44,40497,69],{"class":62},[44,40499,66],{"class":58},[44,40501,975],{"class":123},[44,40503,2432],{"class":58},[20,40505,150],{},[35,40507,40509],{"className":37,"code":40508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40510,40511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40512,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525,40527,40529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40514,4521],{"class":58},[44,40516,339],{"class":62},[44,40518,66],{"class":58},[44,40520,79],{"class":62},[44,40522,66],{"class":58},[44,40524,911],{"class":62},[44,40526,66],{"class":58},[44,40528,6977],{"class":62},[44,40530,1967],{"class":58},[20,40532,40533,40534,120],{},"For the related function, see ",[176,40535,4197,40537,4130],{"href":40536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40538,40339],{},[30,40540,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,40542,2482,40544,40546],{"id":40543},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40545,38198],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40548,40549,40550,40552],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40551,25399],{}," if needed.",[1044,40554,40556,40557,40559],{"id":40555},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40558,38198],{}," need to return?",[20,40561,38504,40562,40564,40565,40567],{},[15,40563,4226],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40566,4294],{}," to remove it.",[1044,40569,2509,40571,40573],{"id":40570},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40572,38198],{}," without lambda?",[20,40575,40576],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1044,40578,5760,40580,40583],{"id":40579},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40581,40582],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40585,40586,40587,40589,40590,17691,40592,120],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40588,2748],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40591,4398],{},[15,40593,4294],{},[1044,40595,22038,40597,40599],{"id":40596},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40598,38198],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40601,40602,40603,40605],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40604,6576],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40607,40608],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[205,40610,40611,40617,40623],{},[208,40612,40613,40614,40616],{},"use ",[15,40615,38198],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[208,40618,40619,40620,40622],{},"use a ",[15,40621,6576],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[208,40624,40625],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40627,40628,40629,120],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[176,40630,5750],{"href":40631},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,40633,2528],{"id":2527},[205,40635,40636,40641,40645,40650,40656],{},[208,40637,40638],{},[176,40639,40640],{"href":39076},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[208,40642,40643],{},[176,40644,5839],{"href":40631},[208,40646,40647],{},[176,40648,40649],{"href":39805},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[208,40651,40652],{},[176,40653,4197,40654,4130],{"href":40536},[15,40655,40339],{},[208,40657,40658],{},[176,40659,5834],{"href":6204},[2554,40661,40662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":40664},[40665,40666,40668,40672,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40693,40705],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":38331,"depth":85,"text":40667},"What filter() does",{"id":38465,"depth":85,"text":38466,"children":40669},[40670,40671],{"id":38482,"depth":109,"text":38482},{"id":4340,"depth":109,"text":4340},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642,"children":40673},[40674],{"id":38812,"depth":109,"text":38813},{"id":38925,"depth":85,"text":40676},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39080,"depth":85,"text":40678},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39242,"depth":85,"text":40680},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39422,"depth":85,"text":40682},"When to use filter()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":40684},[40685,40687,40689,40690,40691],{"id":39815,"depth":109,"text":40686},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39948,"depth":109,"text":40688},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40073,"depth":109,"text":40074},{"id":40258,"depth":109,"text":40259},{"id":40334,"depth":109,"text":40692},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":40694},[40695,40697,40699,40701,40703],{"id":40543,"depth":109,"text":40696},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40555,"depth":109,"text":40698},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40570,"depth":109,"text":40700},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40579,"depth":109,"text":40702},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40596,"depth":109,"text":40704},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38190,"description":40706},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40713,"title":40714,"body":40715,"description":42867,"extension":2593,"meta":42868,"navigation":364,"path":42869,"seo":42870,"stem":42871,"__hash__":42872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40716,"toc":42821},[40717,40720,40725,40731,40733,40785,40787,40806,40811,40815,40820,40823,40838,40841,40863,40865,40914,40916,40940,40942,40944,40959,40964,40972,40987,40989,40998,41001,41036,41040,41045,41049,41056,41091,41093,41109,41113,41116,41157,41159,41173,41177,41180,41204,41206,41215,41219,41222,41255,41257,41270,41274,41280,41299,41301,41309,41313,41318,41322,41328,41351,41353,41382,41385,41404,41408,41411,41438,41440,41474,41478,41481,41505,41509,41520,41522,41527,41532,41534,41618,41620,41662,41665,41669,41676,41685,41741,41748,41757,41762,41766,41837,41839,41848,41852,41855,41899,41901,41910,41914,41920,41970,41974,41979,41983,42007,42009,42018,42022,42046,42048,42059,42063,42087,42089,42098,42101,42118,42124,42128,42134,42137,42142,42145,42166,42168,42200,42203,42208,42210,42221,42223,42267,42271,42278,42330,42332,42341,42345,42348,42441,42444,42468,42472,42475,42567,42572,42576,42583,42588,42612,42614,42623,42628,42651,42653,42661,42668,42691,42699,42701,42714,42724,42726,42730,42737,42741,42750,42754,42761,42765,42769,42773,42786,42788,42818],[10,40718,40714],{"id":40719},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40721,9745,40722,40724],{},[15,40723,3508],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40726,40727,40728,40730],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40729,3508],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,40732,2634],{"id":2633},[35,40734,40736],{"className":37,"code":40735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40737,40738,40752,40771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40739,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40741,140],{"class":139},[44,40743,127],{"class":58},[44,40745,2820],{"class":548},[44,40747,127],{"class":58},[44,40749,357],{"class":62},[44,40751,556],{"class":58},[44,40753,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764,40767,40769],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40755,140],{"class":139},[44,40757,127],{"class":58},[44,40759,2820],{"class":548},[44,40761,127],{"class":58},[44,40763,633],{"class":583},[44,40765,40766],{"class":587},"3.14",[44,40768,633],{"class":583},[44,40770,556],{"class":58},[44,40772,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,40774,140],{"class":139},[44,40776,127],{"class":58},[44,40778,2820],{"class":548},[44,40780,127],{"class":58},[44,40782,4226],{"class":4471},[44,40784,556],{"class":58},[20,40786,150],{},[35,40788,40790],{"className":37,"code":40789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40791,40792,40796,40801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40793,40794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40795,3107],{"class":62},[44,40797,40798],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40799,40800],{"class":62},"3.14\n",[44,40802,40803],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,40804,40805],{"class":62},"1.0\n",[20,40807,1296,40808,40810],{},[15,40809,3508],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40812,40814],{"id":40813},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40816,40817,40819],{},[15,40818,3508],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40821,40822],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[205,40824,40825,40829,40833],{},[208,40826,40827],{},[15,40828,3119],{},[208,40830,40831],{},[15,40832,40766],{},[208,40834,40835],{},[15,40836,40837],{},"0.5",[20,40839,40840],{},"A few key points:",[205,40842,40843,40850,40853,40856],{},[208,40844,40845,40847,40848],{},[15,40846,3508],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40849,2820],{},[208,40851,40852],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[208,40854,40855],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[208,40857,40858,40859],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[176,40860,40861],{"href":8841},[15,40862,3581],{},[20,40864,295],{},[35,40866,40868],{"className":37,"code":40867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40869,40870,40890,40900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40871,40872,40874,40876,40879,40881,40883,40886,40888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40873,2845],{"class":50},[44,40875,55],{"class":54},[44,40877,40878],{"class":548}," float",[44,40880,127],{"class":58},[44,40882,633],{"class":583},[44,40884,40885],{"class":587},"2.75",[44,40887,633],{"class":583},[44,40889,133],{"class":58},[44,40891,40892,40894,40896,40898],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40893,140],{"class":139},[44,40895,127],{"class":58},[44,40897,2867],{"class":123},[44,40899,133],{"class":58},[44,40901,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,40903,140],{"class":139},[44,40905,127],{"class":58},[44,40907,549],{"class":548},[44,40909,127],{"class":58},[44,40911,2867],{"class":123},[44,40913,556],{"class":58},[20,40915,150],{},[35,40917,40919],{"className":37,"code":40918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40920,40921,40926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40922,40923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40924,40925],{"class":62},"2.75\n",[44,40927,40928,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,40929,576],{"class":54},[44,40931,580],{"class":579},[44,40933,584],{"class":583},[44,40935,2820],{"class":587},[44,40937,590],{"class":583},[44,40939,593],{"class":54},[30,40941,234],{"id":233},[20,40943,7836],{},[35,40945,40947],{"className":37,"code":40946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40948,40949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40950,40951,40953,40955,40957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40952,2820],{"class":548},[44,40954,127],{"class":58},[44,40956,3100],{"class":123},[44,40958,133],{"class":58},[20,40960,40961,40962,120],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40963,3508],{},[20,40965,40966,40967,40969,40970,1598],{},"If you call ",[15,40968,3508],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40971,4388],{},[35,40973,40975],{"className":37,"code":40974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40976,40977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40978,40979,40981,40983,40985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40980,140],{"class":139},[44,40982,127],{"class":58},[44,40984,2820],{"class":548},[44,40986,7812],{"class":58},[20,40988,150],{},[35,40990,40992],{"className":37,"code":40991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40993,40994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40995,40996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40997,40991],{"class":62},[20,40999,41000],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,41002,41004],{"className":37,"code":41003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,41005,41006,41026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41007,41008,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019,41022,41024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41009,41010],{"class":50},"price ",[44,41012,55],{"class":54},[44,41014,40878],{"class":548},[44,41016,127],{"class":58},[44,41018,633],{"class":583},[44,41020,41021],{"class":587},"19.99",[44,41023,633],{"class":583},[44,41025,133],{"class":58},[44,41027,41028,41030,41032,41034],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41029,140],{"class":139},[44,41031,127],{"class":58},[44,41033,25768],{"class":123},[44,41035,133],{"class":58},[30,41037,41039],{"id":41038},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,41041,41042,41044],{},[15,41043,3508],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1044,41046,41048],{"id":41047},"integers","Integers",[20,41050,41051,41052,41055],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,41053,41054],{},".0"," added:",[35,41057,41059],{"className":37,"code":41058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,41060,41061,41075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41062,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41064,140],{"class":139},[44,41066,127],{"class":58},[44,41068,2820],{"class":548},[44,41070,127],{"class":58},[44,41072,357],{"class":62},[44,41074,556],{"class":58},[44,41076,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41078,140],{"class":139},[44,41080,127],{"class":58},[44,41082,2820],{"class":548},[44,41084,127],{"class":58},[44,41086,1316],{"class":54},[44,41088,339],{"class":62},[44,41090,556],{"class":58},[20,41092,150],{},[35,41094,41096],{"className":37,"code":41095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,41097,41098,41102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41099,41100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41101,3107],{"class":62},[44,41103,41104,41106],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41105,1316],{"class":54},[44,41107,41108],{"class":62},"2.0\n",[1044,41110,41112],{"id":41111},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41114,41115],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,41117,41119],{"className":37,"code":41118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41120,41121,41139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41124,140],{"class":139},[44,41126,127],{"class":58},[44,41128,2820],{"class":548},[44,41130,127],{"class":58},[44,41132,633],{"class":583},[44,41134,40766],{"class":587},[44,41136,633],{"class":583},[44,41138,556],{"class":58},[44,41140,41141,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153,41155],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41142,140],{"class":139},[44,41144,127],{"class":58},[44,41146,2820],{"class":548},[44,41148,127],{"class":58},[44,41150,633],{"class":583},[44,41152,2958],{"class":587},[44,41154,633],{"class":583},[44,41156,556],{"class":58},[20,41158,150],{},[35,41160,41162],{"className":37,"code":41161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41163,41164,41168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41165,41166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41167,40800],{"class":62},[44,41169,41170],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41171,41172],{"class":62},"10.0\n",[1044,41174,41176],{"id":41175},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41178,41179],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,41181,41183],{"className":37,"code":41182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41184,41185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41186,41187,41189,41191,41193,41195,41197,41200,41202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41188,140],{"class":139},[44,41190,127],{"class":58},[44,41192,2820],{"class":548},[44,41194,127],{"class":58},[44,41196,633],{"class":583},[44,41198,41199],{"class":587},"  8.5  ",[44,41201,633],{"class":583},[44,41203,556],{"class":58},[20,41205,150],{},[35,41207,41209],{"className":37,"code":41208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,41210,41211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41212,41213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41214,41208],{"class":62},[1044,41216,41218],{"id":41217},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41220,41221],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,41223,41225],{"className":37,"code":41224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41226,41227,41241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41228,41229,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41230,140],{"class":139},[44,41232,127],{"class":58},[44,41234,2820],{"class":548},[44,41236,127],{"class":58},[44,41238,4226],{"class":4471},[44,41240,556],{"class":58},[44,41242,41243,41245,41247,41249,41251,41253],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41244,140],{"class":139},[44,41246,127],{"class":58},[44,41248,2820],{"class":548},[44,41250,127],{"class":58},[44,41252,4294],{"class":4471},[44,41254,556],{"class":58},[20,41256,150],{},[35,41258,41260],{"className":37,"code":41259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41261,41262,41266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41263,41264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41265,40805],{"class":62},[44,41267,41268],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41269,40991],{"class":62},[1044,41271,41273],{"id":41272},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41275,41276,41277,41279],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41278,3508],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,41281,41283],{"className":37,"code":41282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41284,41285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41286,41287,41289,41291,41293,41295,41297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41288,140],{"class":139},[44,41290,127],{"class":58},[44,41292,2820],{"class":548},[44,41294,127],{"class":58},[44,41296,2990],{"class":62},[44,41298,556],{"class":58},[20,41300,150],{},[35,41302,41303],{"className":37,"code":3014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41304,41305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41306,41307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41308,3014],{"class":62},[30,41310,41312],{"id":41311},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41314,41315,41316,120],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41317,3508],{},[1044,41319,41321],{"id":41320},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41323,41324,41325,1598],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41326,41327],{},"ValueError",[35,41329,41331],{"className":37,"code":41330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41332,41333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41334,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41336,140],{"class":139},[44,41338,127],{"class":58},[44,41340,2820],{"class":548},[44,41342,127],{"class":58},[44,41344,633],{"class":583},[44,41346,4464],{"class":587},[44,41348,633],{"class":583},[44,41350,556],{"class":58},[20,41352,30300],{},[35,41354,41356],{"className":37,"code":41355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41357,41358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41359,41360,41362,41364,41367,41369,41372,41374,41376,41378,41380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41361,41327],{"class":548},[44,41363,1598],{"class":58},[44,41365,41366],{"class":50}," could ",[44,41368,199],{"class":54},[44,41370,41371],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,41373,2820],{"class":548},[44,41375,1598],{"class":58},[44,41377,584],{"class":583},[44,41379,4464],{"class":587},[44,41381,30319],{"class":583},[20,41383,41384],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,41386,41388],{"className":37,"code":41387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41389,41390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41391,41392,41394,41396,41398,41400,41402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41393,140],{"class":139},[44,41395,127],{"class":58},[44,41397,2820],{"class":548},[44,41399,127],{"class":58},[44,41401,6890],{"class":583},[44,41403,556],{"class":58},[1044,41405,41407],{"id":41406},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41409,41410],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,41412,41414],{"className":37,"code":41413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41415,41416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41417,41418,41420,41422,41424,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41419,140],{"class":139},[44,41421,127],{"class":58},[44,41423,2820],{"class":548},[44,41425,3609],{"class":58},[44,41427,63],{"class":62},[44,41429,66],{"class":58},[44,41431,69],{"class":62},[44,41433,66],{"class":58},[44,41435,74],{"class":62},[44,41437,3622],{"class":58},[20,41439,30300],{},[35,41441,41443],{"className":37,"code":41442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41444,41445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41455,41458,41461,41464,41466,41468,41470,41472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41448,3628],{"class":548},[44,41450,1598],{"class":58},[44,41452,40878],{"class":548},[44,41454,7984],{"class":58},[44,41456,41457],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,41459,41460],{"class":54},"or",[44,41462,41463],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,41465,66],{"class":58},[44,41467,8721],{"class":54},[44,41469,584],{"class":583},[44,41471,8715],{"class":587},[44,41473,30319],{"class":583},[1044,41475,41477],{"id":41476},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41479,41480],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,41482,41484],{"className":37,"code":41483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41485,41486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41487,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41501,41503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41489,140],{"class":139},[44,41491,127],{"class":58},[44,41493,2820],{"class":548},[44,41495,127],{"class":58},[44,41497,633],{"class":583},[44,41499,41500],{"class":587},"3,14",[44,41502,633],{"class":583},[44,41504,556],{"class":58},[20,41506,3625,41507,120],{},[15,41508,41327],{},[20,41510,41511,41512,2495,41516,120],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[176,41513,41515],{"href":41514},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[176,41517,41519],{"href":41518},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,41521,437],{"id":436},[20,41523,41524,41526],{},[15,41525,3508],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41528,1801,41529,41531],{},[197,41530,199],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41533,295],{},[35,41535,41537],{"className":37,"code":41536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41538,41539,41552,41566,41570,41580,41590,41604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41540,41541,41543,41545,41547,41550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41542,35307],{"class":50},[44,41544,55],{"class":54},[44,41546,643],{"class":583},[44,41548,41549],{"class":587},"6.5",[44,41551,3979],{"class":583},[44,41553,41554,41556,41558,41560,41562,41564],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41555,2845],{"class":50},[44,41557,55],{"class":54},[44,41559,40878],{"class":548},[44,41561,127],{"class":58},[44,41563,35328],{"class":123},[44,41565,133],{"class":58},[44,41567,41568],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41569,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,41571,41572,41574,41576,41578],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41573,140],{"class":139},[44,41575,127],{"class":58},[44,41577,35328],{"class":123},[44,41579,133],{"class":58},[44,41581,41582,41584,41586,41588],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,41583,140],{"class":139},[44,41585,127],{"class":58},[44,41587,2867],{"class":123},[44,41589,133],{"class":58},[44,41591,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,41593,140],{"class":139},[44,41595,127],{"class":58},[44,41597,549],{"class":548},[44,41599,127],{"class":58},[44,41601,35328],{"class":123},[44,41603,556],{"class":58},[44,41605,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,41607,140],{"class":139},[44,41609,127],{"class":58},[44,41611,549],{"class":548},[44,41613,127],{"class":58},[44,41615,2867],{"class":123},[44,41617,556],{"class":58},[20,41619,150],{},[35,41621,41623],{"className":37,"code":41622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41624,41625,41630,41634,41648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41626,41627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41628,41629],{"class":62},"6.5\n",[44,41631,41632],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41633,41629],{"class":62},[44,41635,41636,41638,41640,41642,41644,41646],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41637,576],{"class":54},[44,41639,580],{"class":579},[44,41641,584],{"class":583},[44,41643,4064],{"class":587},[44,41645,590],{"class":583},[44,41647,593],{"class":54},[44,41649,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41651,576],{"class":54},[44,41653,580],{"class":579},[44,41655,584],{"class":583},[44,41657,2820],{"class":587},[44,41659,590],{"class":583},[44,41661,593],{"class":54},[20,41663,41664],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,41666,41668],{"id":41667},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1044,41670,41672,41673,41675],{"id":41671},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41674,3581],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41677,192,41678,41682,41683,120],{},[176,41679,41680,2930],{"href":8841},[15,41681,3581],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41684,3508],{},[35,41686,41688],{"className":37,"code":41687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41689,41690,41709,41723,41727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41691,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702,41705,41707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41693,8859],{"class":50},[44,41695,55],{"class":54},[44,41697,8864],{"class":139},[44,41699,127],{"class":58},[44,41701,633],{"class":583},[44,41703,41704],{"class":587},"Enter a price: ",[44,41706,633],{"class":583},[44,41708,133],{"class":58},[44,41710,41711,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41712,41010],{"class":50},[44,41714,55],{"class":54},[44,41716,40878],{"class":548},[44,41718,127],{"class":58},[44,41720,8888],{"class":123},[44,41722,133],{"class":58},[44,41724,41725],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41726,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,41728,41729,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41730,140],{"class":139},[44,41732,127],{"class":58},[44,41734,41010],{"class":123},[44,41736,40495],{"class":54},[44,41738,69],{"class":62},[44,41740,133],{"class":58},[20,41742,41743,41744,41747],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41745,41746],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,41749,41751],{"className":37,"code":41750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,41752,41753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41754,41755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41756,41750],{"class":62},[20,41758,41759,41760,120],{},"For more help with this, see ",[176,41761,9603],{"href":9602},[1044,41763,41765],{"id":41764},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,41767,41769],{"className":37,"code":41768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41770,41771,41784,41797,41801,41826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41772,41773,41775,41777,41779,41782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41774,51],{"class":50},[44,41776,55],{"class":54},[44,41778,643],{"class":583},[44,41780,41781],{"class":587},"2.5",[44,41783,3979],{"class":583},[44,41785,41786,41788,41790,41792,41795],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41787,88],{"class":50},[44,41789,55],{"class":54},[44,41791,643],{"class":583},[44,41793,41794],{"class":587},"1.5",[44,41796,3979],{"class":583},[44,41798,41799],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41800,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,41802,41803,41806,41808,41810,41812,41814,41816,41818,41820,41822,41824],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41804,41805],{"class":50},"total ",[44,41807,55],{"class":54},[44,41809,40878],{"class":548},[44,41811,127],{"class":58},[44,41813,176],{"class":123},[44,41815,4281],{"class":58},[44,41817,3082],{"class":54},[44,41819,40878],{"class":548},[44,41821,127],{"class":58},[44,41823,130],{"class":123},[44,41825,133],{"class":58},[44,41827,41828,41830,41832,41835],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,41829,140],{"class":139},[44,41831,127],{"class":58},[44,41833,41834],{"class":123},"total",[44,41836,133],{"class":58},[20,41838,150],{},[35,41840,41842],{"className":37,"code":41841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41843,41844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41845,41846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41847,41841],{"class":62},[1044,41849,41851],{"id":41850},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41853,41854],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41856,41858],{"className":37,"code":41857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41859,41860,41870,41885,41889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41861,41862,41865,41867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41863,41864],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41866,55],{"class":54},[44,41868,41869],{"class":62}," 7\n",[44,41871,41872,41874,41876,41878,41880,41883],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41873,112],{"class":50},[44,41875,55],{"class":54},[44,41877,40878],{"class":548},[44,41879,127],{"class":58},[44,41881,41882],{"class":123},"count",[44,41884,133],{"class":58},[44,41886,41887],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41888,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,41890,41891,41893,41895,41897],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41892,140],{"class":139},[44,41894,127],{"class":58},[44,41896,145],{"class":123},[44,41898,133],{"class":58},[20,41900,150],{},[35,41902,41904],{"className":37,"code":41903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41905,41906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41907,41908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41909,41903],{"class":62},[1044,41911,41913],{"id":41912},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41915,41916,41917,41919],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41918,3508],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41921,41923],{"className":37,"code":41922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41924,41925,41939,41955,41959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41926,41927,41930,41932,41934,41937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41928,41929],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41931,55],{"class":54},[44,41933,643],{"class":583},[44,41935,41936],{"class":587},"21.8",[44,41938,3979],{"class":583},[44,41940,41941,41944,41946,41948,41950,41953],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,41942,41943],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41945,55],{"class":54},[44,41947,40878],{"class":548},[44,41949,127],{"class":58},[44,41951,41952],{"class":123},"temperature_text",[44,41954,133],{"class":58},[44,41956,41957],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,41958,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,41960,41961,41963,41965,41968],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,41962,140],{"class":139},[44,41964,127],{"class":58},[44,41966,41967],{"class":123},"temperature",[44,41969,133],{"class":58},[30,41971,41973],{"id":41972},"special-values","Special values",[20,41975,41976,41978],{},[15,41977,3508],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1044,41980,41982],{"id":41981},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41984,41986],{"className":37,"code":41985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41987,41988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41989,41990,41992,41994,41996,41998,42000,42003,42005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41991,140],{"class":139},[44,41993,127],{"class":58},[44,41995,2820],{"class":548},[44,41997,127],{"class":58},[44,41999,633],{"class":583},[44,42001,42002],{"class":587},"inf",[44,42004,633],{"class":583},[44,42006,556],{"class":58},[20,42008,150],{},[35,42010,42012],{"className":37,"code":42011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,42013,42014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42015,42016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42017,42011],{"class":50},[1044,42019,42021],{"id":42020},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,42023,42025],{"className":37,"code":42024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,42026,42027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42028,42029,42031,42033,42035,42037,42039,42042,42044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42030,140],{"class":139},[44,42032,127],{"class":58},[44,42034,2820],{"class":548},[44,42036,127],{"class":58},[44,42038,633],{"class":583},[44,42040,42041],{"class":587},"-inf",[44,42043,633],{"class":583},[44,42045,556],{"class":58},[20,42047,150],{},[35,42049,42051],{"className":37,"code":42050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,42052,42053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42054,42055,42057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42056,1316],{"class":54},[44,42058,42011],{"class":50},[1044,42060,42062],{"id":42061},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,42064,42066],{"className":37,"code":42065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,42067,42068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42069,42070,42072,42074,42076,42078,42080,42083,42085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42071,140],{"class":139},[44,42073,127],{"class":58},[44,42075,2820],{"class":548},[44,42077,127],{"class":58},[44,42079,633],{"class":583},[44,42081,42082],{"class":587},"nan",[44,42084,633],{"class":583},[44,42086,556],{"class":58},[20,42088,150],{},[35,42090,42092],{"className":37,"code":42091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,42093,42094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42095,42096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42097,42091],{"class":50},[20,42099,42100],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[205,42102,42103,42108,42113],{},[208,42104,42105,42107],{},[15,42106,42002],{}," means positive infinity",[208,42109,42110,42112],{},[15,42111,42041],{}," means negative infinity",[208,42114,42115,42117],{},[15,42116,42082],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42119,42120,42121,42123],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42122,3508],{}," accepts them.",[30,42125,42127],{"id":42126},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42129,42130,42131,42133],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42132,3508],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1044,42135,41327],{"id":42136},"valueerror",[20,42138,15807,42139,42141],{},[15,42140,41327],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42143,42144],{},"Common causes:",[205,42146,42147,42153,42156,42159],{},[208,42148,42149,42150],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42151,42152],{},"\"abc\"",[208,42154,42155],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[208,42157,42158],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[208,42160,5321,42161],{},[176,42162,42163,42165],{"href":8841},[15,42164,3581],{}," returns a string",[20,42167,295],{},[35,42169,42171],{"className":37,"code":42170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42172,42173,42186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42174,42175,42177,42179,42181,42184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42176,3075],{"class":50},[44,42178,55],{"class":54},[44,42180,643],{"class":583},[44,42182,42183],{"class":587},"abc",[44,42185,3979],{"class":583},[44,42187,42188,42190,42192,42194,42196,42198],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42189,140],{"class":139},[44,42191,127],{"class":58},[44,42193,2820],{"class":548},[44,42195,127],{"class":58},[44,42197,3100],{"class":123},[44,42199,556],{"class":58},[1044,42201,3628],{"id":42202},"typeerror",[20,42204,15807,42205,42207],{},[15,42206,3628],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42209,42144],{},[205,42211,42212,42215,42218],{},[208,42213,42214],{},"Passing a list",[208,42216,42217],{},"Passing a dictionary",[208,42219,42220],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42222,295],{},[35,42224,42226],{"className":37,"code":42225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42227,42228,42253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42229,42230,42232,42234,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42249,42251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42231,3075],{"class":50},[44,42233,55],{"class":54},[44,42235,59],{"class":58},[44,42237,633],{"class":583},[44,42239,25768],{"class":587},[44,42241,633],{"class":583},[44,42243,1598],{"class":58},[44,42245,643],{"class":583},[44,42247,42248],{"class":587},"9.99",[44,42250,633],{"class":583},[44,42252,82],{"class":58},[44,42254,42255,42257,42259,42261,42263,42265],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42256,140],{"class":139},[44,42258,127],{"class":58},[44,42260,2820],{"class":548},[44,42262,127],{"class":58},[44,42264,3100],{"class":123},[44,42266,556],{"class":58},[1044,42268,42270],{"id":42269},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42272,42273,42274,42277],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42275,42276],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,42279,42281],{"className":37,"code":42280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42282,42283,42296,42311,42315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42284,42285,42287,42289,42291,42294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42286,3075],{"class":50},[44,42288,55],{"class":54},[44,42290,643],{"class":583},[44,42292,42293],{"class":587},"  7.25  ",[44,42295,3979],{"class":583},[44,42297,42298,42301,42303,42305,42307,42309],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42299,42300],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,42302,55],{"class":54},[44,42304,9055],{"class":50},[44,42306,120],{"class":58},[44,42308,9256],{"class":123},[44,42310,571],{"class":58},[44,42312,42313],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,42314,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,42316,42317,42319,42321,42323,42325,42328],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,42318,140],{"class":139},[44,42320,127],{"class":58},[44,42322,2820],{"class":548},[44,42324,127],{"class":58},[44,42326,42327],{"class":123},"clean_value",[44,42329,556],{"class":58},[20,42331,150],{},[35,42333,42335],{"className":37,"code":42334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,42336,42337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42338,42339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42340,42334],{"class":62},[1044,42342,42344],{"id":42343},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42346,42347],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,42349,42351],{"className":37,"code":42350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42352,42353,42366,42370,42380,42394,42409,42413,42427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42354,42355,42357,42359,42361,42364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42356,3075],{"class":50},[44,42358,55],{"class":54},[44,42360,643],{"class":583},[44,42362,42363],{"class":587}," 3.5 ",[44,42365,3979],{"class":583},[44,42367,42368],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42369,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,42371,42372,42374,42376,42378],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,42373,140],{"class":139},[44,42375,127],{"class":58},[44,42377,3100],{"class":123},[44,42379,133],{"class":58},[44,42381,42382,42384,42386,42388,42390,42392],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,42383,140],{"class":139},[44,42385,127],{"class":58},[44,42387,549],{"class":548},[44,42389,127],{"class":58},[44,42391,3100],{"class":123},[44,42393,556],{"class":58},[44,42395,42396,42398,42400,42403,42405,42407],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,42397,140],{"class":139},[44,42399,127],{"class":58},[44,42401,42402],{"class":139},"repr",[44,42404,127],{"class":58},[44,42406,3100],{"class":123},[44,42408,556],{"class":58},[44,42410,42411],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,42412,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,42414,42415,42417,42419,42421,42423,42425],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,42416,42300],{"class":50},[44,42418,55],{"class":54},[44,42420,9055],{"class":50},[44,42422,120],{"class":58},[44,42424,9256],{"class":123},[44,42426,571],{"class":58},[44,42428,42429,42431,42433,42435,42437,42439],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,42430,140],{"class":139},[44,42432,127],{"class":58},[44,42434,2820],{"class":548},[44,42436,127],{"class":58},[44,42438,42327],{"class":123},[44,42440,556],{"class":58},[20,42442,42443],{},"Why this helps:",[205,42445,42446,42452,42457,42463],{},[208,42447,42448,42451],{},[15,42449,42450],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[208,42453,42454,21985],{},[15,42455,42456],{},"print(type(value))",[208,42458,42459,42462],{},[15,42460,42461],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[208,42464,42465,42467],{},[15,42466,42276],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1044,42469,42471],{"id":42470},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42473,42474],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,42476,42478],{"className":37,"code":42477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42479,42480,42499,42503,42509,42524,42543,42552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492,42495,42497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42483,3075],{"class":50},[44,42485,55],{"class":54},[44,42487,8864],{"class":139},[44,42489,127],{"class":58},[44,42491,633],{"class":583},[44,42493,42494],{"class":587},"Enter a number: ",[44,42496,633],{"class":583},[44,42498,133],{"class":58},[44,42500,42501],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42502,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,42504,42505,42507],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,42506,30423],{"class":4496},[44,42508,7011],{"class":58},[44,42510,42511,42514,42516,42518,42520,42522],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,42512,42513],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,42515,55],{"class":54},[44,42517,40878],{"class":548},[44,42519,127],{"class":58},[44,42521,3100],{"class":123},[44,42523,133],{"class":58},[44,42525,42526,42528,42530,42532,42535,42537,42539,42541],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,42527,8690],{"class":139},[44,42529,127],{"class":58},[44,42531,633],{"class":583},[44,42533,42534],{"class":587},"Converted:",[44,42536,633],{"class":583},[44,42538,66],{"class":58},[44,42540,2825],{"class":123},[44,42542,133],{"class":58},[44,42544,42545,42547,42550],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,42546,30454],{"class":4496},[44,42548,42549],{"class":548}," ValueError",[44,42551,7011],{"class":58},[44,42553,42554,42556,42558,42560,42563,42565],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,42555,8690],{"class":139},[44,42557,127],{"class":58},[44,42559,633],{"class":583},[44,42561,42562],{"class":587},"That is not a valid number.",[44,42564,633],{"class":583},[44,42566,133],{"class":58},[20,42568,42569,42570,120],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[176,42571,41519],{"href":41518},[30,42573,42575],{"id":42574},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42577,11209,42578,2495,42580,42582],{},[15,42579,3508],{},[15,42581,3502],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42584,42585,42587],{},[15,42586,3508],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,42589,42591],{"className":37,"code":42590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42592,42593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601,42603,42605,42608,42610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42596,140],{"class":139},[44,42598,127],{"class":58},[44,42600,2820],{"class":548},[44,42602,127],{"class":58},[44,42604,633],{"class":583},[44,42606,42607],{"class":587},"3.9",[44,42609,633],{"class":583},[44,42611,556],{"class":58},[20,42613,150],{},[35,42615,42617],{"className":37,"code":42616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,42618,42619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42620,42621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42622,42616],{"class":62},[20,42624,42625,42627],{},[15,42626,3502],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,42629,42631],{"className":37,"code":42630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42632,42633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42634,42635,42637,42639,42641,42643,42645,42647,42649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42636,140],{"class":139},[44,42638,127],{"class":58},[44,42640,2816],{"class":548},[44,42642,127],{"class":58},[44,42644,633],{"class":583},[44,42646,2958],{"class":587},[44,42648,633],{"class":583},[44,42650,556],{"class":58},[20,42652,150],{},[35,42654,42655],{"className":37,"code":3004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42656,42657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42658,42659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42660,3004],{"class":62},[20,42662,42663,42664,42667],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42665,42666],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,42669,42671],{"className":37,"code":42670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42672,42673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42674,42675,42677,42679,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42676,140],{"class":139},[44,42678,127],{"class":58},[44,42680,2816],{"class":548},[44,42682,127],{"class":58},[44,42684,633],{"class":583},[44,42686,42607],{"class":587},[44,42688,633],{"class":583},[44,42690,556],{"class":58},[20,42692,3625,42693,9224,42695,42698],{},[15,42694,41327],{},[15,42696,42697],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42700,11332],{},[205,42702,42703,42709],{},[208,42704,42705,42708],{},[15,42706,42707],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[208,42710,42711,42713],{},[15,42712,42666],{}," fails",[20,42715,42716,42717,42720,42721,42723],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[176,42718,42719],{"href":3499},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[176,42722,3048],{"href":3047}," helpful.",[30,42725,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,42727,42729],{"id":42728},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42731,42732,42733,428,42735,120],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42734,3119],{},[15,42736,40766],{},[1044,42738,42740],{"id":42739},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42742,42743,42744,428,42747,120],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42745,42746],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42748,42749],{},"\"10\"",[1044,42751,42753],{"id":42752},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42755,29680,42756,42758,42759,120],{},[15,42757,42152],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42760,41327],{},[1044,42762,42764],{"id":42763},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42766,5766,42767,120],{},[15,42768,4388],{},[1044,42770,42772],{"id":42771},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42774,42775,42776,42778,42779,2495,42782,42778,42784,120],{},"Yes. ",[15,42777,4226],{}," becomes ",[15,42780,42781],{},"1.0",[15,42783,4294],{},[15,42785,4388],{},[30,42787,2528],{"id":2527},[205,42789,42790,42794,42800,42805,42809,42813],{},[208,42791,42792],{},[176,42793,42719],{"href":3499},[208,42795,42796],{},[176,42797,42799],{"href":42798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[208,42801,42802],{},[176,42803,42804],{"href":41514},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[208,42806,42807],{},[176,42808,9680],{"href":9602},[208,42810,42811],{},[176,42812,41519],{"href":41518},[208,42814,42815],{},[176,42816,42817],{"href":8841},"Python input() Function Explained",[2554,42819,42820],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":42822},[42823,42824,42825,42826,42833,42838,42839,42846,42851,42858,42859,42866],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":40813,"depth":85,"text":40814},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":41038,"depth":85,"text":41039,"children":42827},[42828,42829,42830,42831,42832],{"id":41047,"depth":109,"text":41048},{"id":41111,"depth":109,"text":41112},{"id":41175,"depth":109,"text":41176},{"id":41217,"depth":109,"text":41218},{"id":41272,"depth":109,"text":41273},{"id":41311,"depth":85,"text":41312,"children":42834},[42835,42836,42837],{"id":41320,"depth":109,"text":41321},{"id":41406,"depth":109,"text":41407},{"id":41476,"depth":109,"text":41477},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":41667,"depth":85,"text":41668,"children":42840},[42841,42843,42844,42845],{"id":41671,"depth":109,"text":42842},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41764,"depth":109,"text":41765},{"id":41850,"depth":109,"text":41851},{"id":41912,"depth":109,"text":41913},{"id":41972,"depth":85,"text":41973,"children":42847},[42848,42849,42850],{"id":41981,"depth":109,"text":41982},{"id":42020,"depth":109,"text":42021},{"id":42061,"depth":109,"text":42062},{"id":42126,"depth":85,"text":42127,"children":42852},[42853,42854,42855,42856,42857],{"id":42136,"depth":109,"text":41327},{"id":42202,"depth":109,"text":3628},{"id":42269,"depth":109,"text":42270},{"id":42343,"depth":109,"text":42344},{"id":42470,"depth":109,"text":42471},{"id":42574,"depth":85,"text":42575},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":42860},[42861,42862,42863,42864,42865],{"id":42728,"depth":109,"text":42729},{"id":42739,"depth":109,"text":42740},{"id":42752,"depth":109,"text":42753},{"id":42763,"depth":109,"text":42764},{"id":42771,"depth":109,"text":42772},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40714,"description":42867},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42874,"title":42875,"body":42876,"description":44097,"extension":2593,"meta":44098,"navigation":364,"path":35644,"seo":44099,"stem":44100,"__hash__":44101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42877,"toc":44063},[42878,42881,42886,42889,42891,42930,42944,42948,42953,42956,42973,42976,42986,43001,43004,43006,43009,43025,43028,43031,43051,43055,43066,43069,43073,43077,43091,43126,43130,43141,43176,43179,43181,43189,43222,43238,43240,43250,43271,43282,43284,43289,43292,43306,43308,43327,43330,43343,43346,43350,43354,43368,43371,43389,43392,43407,43411,43416,43430,43436,43438,43495,43497,43530,43533,43549,43553,43560,43564,43569,43572,43583,43587,43592,43607,43616,43621,43640,43643,43655,43657,43662,43672,43675,43704,43709,43718,43722,43727,43730,43734,43739,43741,43771,43774,43781,43786,43791,43795,43798,43806,43809,43887,43890,43912,43914,43918,43921,43925,43931,43994,43998,44006,44010,44013,44015,44040,44060],[10,42879,42875],{"id":42880},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42882,4204,42883,42885],{},[15,42884,35647],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42887,42888],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42890,2634],{"id":2633},[35,42892,42894],{"className":37,"code":42893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42895,42896,42906,42916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42897,42898,42900,42902,42904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42899,32772],{"class":139},[44,42901,127],{"class":58},[44,42903,2441],{"class":139},[44,42905,133],{"class":58},[44,42907,42908,42910,42912,42914],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,42909,32772],{"class":139},[44,42911,127],{"class":58},[44,42913,4064],{"class":548},[44,42915,133],{"class":58},[44,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924,42926,42928],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,42919,32772],{"class":139},[44,42921,127],{"class":58},[44,42923,590],{"class":583},[44,42925,35278],{"class":587},[44,42927,590],{"class":583},[44,42929,133],{"class":58},[20,42931,1296,42932,42934,42935,428,42937,42939,42940,42943],{},[15,42933,35647],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42936,2441],{},[15,42938,4064],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42941,42942],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42945,42947],{"id":42946},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42949,42950,42952],{},[15,42951,35647],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42954,42955],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[205,42957,42958,42961,42964,42967,42970],{},[208,42959,42960],{},"Functions",[208,42962,42963],{},"Classes",[208,42965,42966],{},"Methods",[208,42968,42969],{},"Modules",[208,42971,42972],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42974,42975],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42977,42978,42979,42985],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[176,42980,42982],{"href":42981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42983,42984],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42987,42989],{"className":37,"code":42988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42990,42991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42992,42993,42995,42997,42999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42994,32772],{"class":139},[44,42996,127],{"class":58},[44,42998,2441],{"class":139},[44,43000,133],{"class":58},[20,43002,43003],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,43005,234],{"id":233},[20,43007,43008],{},"The main form is:",[35,43010,43012],{"className":37,"code":43011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,43013,43014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43015,43016,43018,43020,43023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43017,32772],{"class":139},[44,43019,127],{"class":58},[44,43021,43022],{"class":548},"object",[44,43024,133],{"class":58},[20,43026,43027],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,43029,43030],{},"Common examples include:",[205,43032,43033,43037,43042,43046],{},[208,43034,43035],{},[15,43036,2441],{},[208,43038,43039],{},[15,43040,43041],{},"list.append",[208,43043,43044],{},[15,43045,4064],{},[208,43047,43048],{},[15,43049,43050],{},"open",[20,43052,7793,43053,7796],{},[15,43054,35647],{},[35,43056,43058],{"className":37,"code":43057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,43059,43060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43061,43062,43064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43063,32772],{"class":139},[44,43065,571],{"class":58},[20,43067,43068],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,43070,43072],{"id":43071},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1044,43074,43076],{"id":43075},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,43078,43079,43080,2817,43082,2817,43084,17691,43087,120],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,43081,2441],{},[15,43083,140],{},[15,43085,43086],{},"input",[176,43088,43089],{"href":2926},[15,43090,2929],{},[35,43092,43094],{"className":37,"code":43093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,43095,43096,43106,43116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43097,43098,43100,43102,43104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43099,32772],{"class":139},[44,43101,127],{"class":58},[44,43103,140],{"class":139},[44,43105,133],{"class":58},[44,43107,43108,43110,43112,43114],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43109,32772],{"class":139},[44,43111,127],{"class":58},[44,43113,43086],{"class":139},[44,43115,133],{"class":58},[44,43117,43118,43120,43122,43124],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,43119,32772],{"class":139},[44,43121,127],{"class":58},[44,43123,549],{"class":548},[44,43125,133],{"class":58},[1044,43127,43129],{"id":43128},"data-types","Data types",[20,43131,43132,43133,2817,43135,2817,43137,17691,43139,120],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43134,4064],{},[15,43136,8715],{},[15,43138,9443],{},[15,43140,568],{},[35,43142,43144],{"className":37,"code":43143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43145,43146,43156,43166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43147,43148,43150,43152,43154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43149,32772],{"class":139},[44,43151,127],{"class":58},[44,43153,4064],{"class":548},[44,43155,133],{"class":58},[44,43157,43158,43160,43162,43164],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43159,32772],{"class":139},[44,43161,127],{"class":58},[44,43163,8715],{"class":548},[44,43165,133],{"class":58},[44,43167,43168,43170,43172,43174],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,43169,32772],{"class":139},[44,43171,127],{"class":58},[44,43173,9443],{"class":548},[44,43175,133],{"class":58},[20,43177,43178],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1044,43180,42966],{"id":35125},[20,43182,43183,43184,2495,43187,120],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43185,43186],{},"str.split",[15,43188,43041],{},[35,43190,43192],{"className":37,"code":43191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43193,43194,43208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43195,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204,43206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43197,32772],{"class":139},[44,43199,127],{"class":58},[44,43201,4064],{"class":548},[44,43203,120],{"class":58},[44,43205,35088],{"class":25368},[44,43207,133],{"class":58},[44,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43211,32772],{"class":139},[44,43213,127],{"class":58},[44,43215,8715],{"class":548},[44,43217,120],{"class":58},[44,43219,14170],{"class":25368},[44,43221,133],{"class":58},[20,43223,43224,43225,9326,43227,28933,43232,43234,43235,43237],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43226,35647],{},[176,43228,43230],{"href":43229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43231,34930],{},[15,43233,34930],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43236,35647],{}," explains one of them.",[1044,43239,42969],{"id":35278},[20,43241,43242,43243,2817,43245,17691,43247,120],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43244,19035],{},[15,43246,35810],{},[15,43248,43249],{},"os",[35,43251,43253],{"className":37,"code":43252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43254,43255,43261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43256,43257,43259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43258,35711],{"class":4496},[44,43260,35714],{"class":50},[44,43262,43263,43265,43267,43269],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43264,32772],{"class":139},[44,43266,127],{"class":58},[44,43268,19035],{"class":123},[44,43270,133],{"class":58},[20,43272,43273,43274,43278,43279,120],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[176,43275,43277],{"href":43276},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[176,43280,35777],{"href":43281},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,43283,35538],{"id":35537},[20,43285,43286,43288],{},[15,43287,35647],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43290,43291],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[205,43293,43294,43297,43300,43303],{},[208,43295,43296],{},"The function signature",[208,43298,43299],{},"The short description",[208,43301,43302],{},"Parameter names",[208,43304,43305],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43307,6090],{},[35,43309,43311],{"className":37,"code":43310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43312,43313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43314,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43316,32772],{"class":139},[44,43318,127],{"class":58},[44,43320,4064],{"class":548},[44,43322,120],{"class":58},[44,43324,35088],{"class":25368},[44,43326,133],{"class":58},[20,43328,43329],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[205,43331,43332,43335,43338,43340],{},[208,43333,43334],{},"What object this is",[208,43336,43337],{},"What arguments it accepts",[208,43339,22588],{},[208,43341,43342],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43344,43345],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,43347,43349],{"id":43348},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43351,43352,30493],{},[15,43353,35647],{},[205,43355,43356,43359,43362,43365],{},[208,43357,43358],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[208,43360,43361],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[208,43363,43364],{},"You are exploring a new module",[208,43366,43367],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43369,43370],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,43372,43373],{"className":37,"code":43310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43374,43375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43376,43377,43379,43381,43383,43385,43387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43378,32772],{"class":139},[44,43380,127],{"class":58},[44,43382,4064],{"class":548},[44,43384,120],{"class":58},[44,43386,35088],{"class":25368},[44,43388,133],{"class":58},[20,43390,43391],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,43393,43395],{"className":37,"code":43394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,43396,43397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43398,43399,43401,43403,43405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43400,32772],{"class":139},[44,43402,127],{"class":58},[44,43404,43050],{"class":139},[44,43406,133],{"class":58},[30,43408,43410],{"id":43409},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43412,43413,43415],{},[15,43414,35647],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[205,43417,43418,43421,43424,43427],{},[208,43419,43420],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[208,43422,43423],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[208,43425,43426],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[208,43428,43429],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43431,43432,43433,43435],{},"So, ",[15,43434,35647],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43437,6090],{},[35,43439,43441],{"className":37,"code":43440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43442,43443,43456,43480,43484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43444,43445,43447,43449,43451,43454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43446,35307],{"class":50},[44,43448,55],{"class":54},[44,43450,643],{"class":583},[44,43452,43453],{"class":587},"a,b,c",[44,43455,3979],{"class":583},[44,43457,43458,43461,43463,43466,43468,43470,43472,43474,43476,43478],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43459,43460],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,43462,55],{"class":54},[44,43464,43465],{"class":50}," text",[44,43467,120],{"class":58},[44,43469,35088],{"class":123},[44,43471,127],{"class":58},[44,43473,633],{"class":583},[44,43475,66],{"class":587},[44,43477,633],{"class":583},[44,43479,133],{"class":58},[44,43481,43482],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,43483,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,43485,43486,43488,43490,43493],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,43487,140],{"class":139},[44,43489,127],{"class":58},[44,43491,43492],{"class":123},"parts",[44,43494,133],{"class":58},[20,43496,6177],{},[35,43498,43500],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43501,43502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43503,43504,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43505,4521],{"class":58},[44,43507,590],{"class":583},[44,43509,176],{"class":587},[44,43511,590],{"class":583},[44,43513,66],{"class":58},[44,43515,584],{"class":583},[44,43517,130],{"class":587},[44,43519,590],{"class":583},[44,43521,66],{"class":58},[44,43523,584],{"class":583},[44,43525,431],{"class":587},[44,43527,590],{"class":583},[44,43529,1967],{"class":58},[20,43531,43532],{},"A good workflow is:",[29332,43534,43535,43540,43543,43546],{},[208,43536,1296,43537,43539],{},[15,43538,35647],{}," to inspect something",[208,43541,43542],{},"Write a tiny example",[208,43544,43545],{},"Check the result",[208,43547,43548],{},"Repeat",[30,43550,43552],{"id":43551},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43554,43555,2495,43557,43559],{},[15,43556,35647],{},[15,43558,34930],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1044,43561,43562],{"id":32772},[15,43563,35647],{},[20,43565,1296,43566,43568],{},[15,43567,35647],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43570,43571],{},"It tells you:",[205,43573,43574,43577,43580],{},[208,43575,43576],{},"What something is",[208,43578,43579],{},"How to use it",[208,43581,43582],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1044,43584,43585],{"id":34991},[15,43586,34930],{},[20,43588,1296,43589,43591],{},[15,43590,34930],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,43593,43595],{"className":37,"code":43594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,43596,43597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43598,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43600,34991],{"class":139},[44,43602,127],{"class":58},[44,43604,4064],{"class":548},[44,43606,133],{"class":58},[20,43608,43609,43610,2817,43612,17691,43614,120],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43611,35088],{},[15,43613,9256],{},[15,43615,9262],{},[20,43617,43618,43619,1598],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43620,35647],{},[35,43622,43624],{"className":37,"code":43623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43625,43626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43627,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43629,32772],{"class":139},[44,43631,127],{"class":58},[44,43633,4064],{"class":548},[44,43635,120],{"class":58},[44,43637,9262],{"class":25368},[44,43639,133],{"class":58},[20,43641,43642],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[205,43644,43645,43650],{},[208,43646,1296,43647,43649],{},[15,43648,34930],{}," to discover options",[208,43651,1296,43652,43654],{},[15,43653,35647],{}," to understand one option",[30,43656,3454],{"id":3453},[20,43658,43659,43660,120],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43661,35647],{},[1044,43663,863,43665,43668,43669],{"id":43664},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43666,43667],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43670,43671],{},"help(len)",[20,43673,43674],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,43676,43678],{"className":37,"code":43677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43679,43680,43690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43681,43682,43684,43686,43688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43683,32772],{"class":139},[44,43685,127],{"class":58},[44,43687,2441],{"class":139},[44,43689,133],{"class":58},[44,43691,43692,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43693,32772],{"class":139},[44,43695,127],{"class":58},[44,43697,590],{"class":583},[44,43699,2441],{"class":587},[44,43701,590],{"class":583},[44,43703,133],{"class":58},[20,43705,43706,43708],{},[15,43707,43671],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43710,43711,43713,43714,43717],{},[15,43712,43667],{}," treats ",[15,43715,43716],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1044,43719,43721],{"id":43720},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43723,43724,43726],{},[15,43725,35647],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43728,43729],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1044,43731,43733],{"id":43732},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43735,40966,43736,43738],{},[15,43737,35647],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43740,295],{},[35,43742,43744],{"className":37,"code":43743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43745,43746,43756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43749,32772],{"class":139},[44,43751,127],{"class":58},[44,43753,2441],{"class":139},[44,43755,133],{"class":58},[44,43757,43758,43760,43762,43764,43767,43769],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43759,140],{"class":139},[44,43761,127],{"class":58},[44,43763,633],{"class":583},[44,43765,43766],{"class":587},"Done",[44,43768,633],{"class":583},[44,43770,133],{"class":58},[20,43772,43773],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1044,43775,37826,43777,9326,43779],{"id":43776},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43778,35647],{},[15,43780,34930],{},[20,43782,43783,43784,120],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43785,34930],{},[20,43787,43788,43789,120],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43790,35647],{},[30,43792,43794],{"id":43793},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43796,43797],{},"Open Python:",[35,43799,43800],{"className":37,"code":36163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43801,43802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43803,43804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43805,36163],{"class":50},[20,43807,43808],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43810,43812],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43813,43814,43824,43838,43852,43862,43877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43815,43816,43818,43820,43822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43817,32772],{"class":139},[44,43819,127],{"class":58},[44,43821,2441],{"class":139},[44,43823,133],{"class":58},[44,43825,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43827,32772],{"class":139},[44,43829,127],{"class":58},[44,43831,4064],{"class":548},[44,43833,120],{"class":58},[44,43835,35088],{"class":25368},[44,43837,133],{"class":58},[44,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,43841,32772],{"class":139},[44,43843,127],{"class":58},[44,43845,8715],{"class":548},[44,43847,120],{"class":58},[44,43849,14170],{"class":25368},[44,43851,133],{"class":58},[44,43853,43854,43856,43858,43860],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,43855,32772],{"class":139},[44,43857,127],{"class":58},[44,43859,43050],{"class":139},[44,43861,133],{"class":58},[44,43863,43864,43866,43868,43870,43873,43875],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,43865,32772],{"class":139},[44,43867,127],{"class":58},[44,43869,590],{"class":583},[44,43871,43872],{"class":587},"keywords",[44,43874,590],{"class":583},[44,43876,133],{"class":58},[44,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,43880,34991],{"class":139},[44,43882,127],{"class":58},[44,43884,4064],{"class":548},[44,43886,133],{"class":58},[20,43888,43889],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[205,43891,43892,43895,43898,43901,43904,43907],{},[208,43893,43894],{},"A built-in function",[208,43896,43897],{},"A string method",[208,43899,43900],{},"A list method",[208,43902,43903],{},"A built-in file function",[208,43905,43906],{},"A special help topic",[208,43908,15807,43909,43911],{},[15,43910,34930],{}," example for comparison",[30,43913,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,43915,43917],{"id":43916},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43919,43920],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1044,43922,43924],{"id":43923},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43926,43927,43928,43930],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43929,35647],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43932,43934],{"className":37,"code":43933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43935,43936,43948,43961,43980,43984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43937,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43939,35471],{"class":579},[44,43941,35475],{"class":35474},[44,43943,127],{"class":58},[44,43945,8287],{"class":38284},[44,43947,8964],{"class":58},[44,43949,43950,43954,43958],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,43951,43953],{"class":43952},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,43955,43957],{"class":43956},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43959,43960],{"class":43952},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43962,43963,43965,43968,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,43964,35482],{"class":4496},[44,43966,43967],{"class":579}," f",[44,43969,43970],{"class":587},"\"Hello, ",[44,43972,160],{"class":62},[44,43974,8287],{"class":50},[44,43976,22921],{"class":62},[44,43978,43979],{"class":587},"!\"\n",[44,43981,43982],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,43983,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,43985,43986,43988,43990,43992],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,43987,32772],{"class":139},[44,43989,127],{"class":58},[44,43991,35517],{"class":123},[44,43993,133],{"class":58},[1044,43995,43997],{"id":43996},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43999,44000,44002,44003,44005],{},[15,44001,43671],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,44004,43667],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1044,44007,44009],{"id":44008},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,44011,44012],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,44014,2528],{"id":2527},[205,44016,44017,44022,44026,44031,44036],{},[208,44018,44019],{},[176,44020,44021],{"href":43229},"Python dir() function explained",[208,44023,44024],{},[176,44025,9064],{"href":2926},[208,44027,44028],{},[176,44029,44030],{"href":42981},"Python len() function explained",[208,44032,44033],{},[176,44034,44035],{"href":43276},"How import works in Python",[208,44037,44038],{},[176,44039,35777],{"href":43281},[20,44041,44042,44043,44045,44046,2817,44048,17691,44050,44052,44053,428,44056,44059],{},"Try ",[15,44044,35647],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,44047,2441],{},[15,44049,140],{},[15,44051,43086],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,44054,44055],{},"dir(str)",[15,44057,44058],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2554,44061,44062],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":44064},[44065,44066,44067,44068,44074,44075,44076,44077,44081,44089,44090,44096],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":42946,"depth":85,"text":42947},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":43071,"depth":85,"text":43072,"children":44069},[44070,44071,44072,44073],{"id":43075,"depth":109,"text":43076},{"id":43128,"depth":109,"text":43129},{"id":35125,"depth":109,"text":42966},{"id":35278,"depth":109,"text":42969},{"id":35537,"depth":85,"text":35538},{"id":43348,"depth":85,"text":43349},{"id":43409,"depth":85,"text":43410},{"id":43551,"depth":85,"text":43552,"children":44078},[44079,44080],{"id":32772,"depth":109,"text":35647},{"id":34991,"depth":109,"text":34930},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":44082},[44083,44085,44086,44087],{"id":43664,"depth":109,"text":44084},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43720,"depth":109,"text":43721},{"id":43732,"depth":109,"text":43733},{"id":43776,"depth":109,"text":44088},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43793,"depth":85,"text":43794},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":44091},[44092,44093,44094,44095],{"id":43916,"depth":109,"text":43917},{"id":43923,"depth":109,"text":43924},{"id":43996,"depth":109,"text":43997},{"id":44008,"depth":109,"text":44009},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42875,"description":44097},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44103,"title":44104,"body":44105,"description":45466,"extension":2593,"meta":45467,"navigation":364,"path":45468,"seo":45469,"stem":45470,"__hash__":45471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44106,"toc":45439},[44107,44113,44118,44124,44134,44193,44203,44214,44219,44225,44227,44245,44253,44255,44257,44272,44274,44285,44287,44378,44381,44385,44390,44411,44413,44524,44526,44553,44564,44568,44571,44654,44656,44664,44670,44676,44680,44683,44793,44795,44808,44811,44825,44833,44840,44845,44859,44865,44978,44980,45041,45044,45050,45056,45059,45081,45084,45154,45157,45189,45196,45198,45201,45219,45222,45234,45240,45242,45247,45273,45276,45348,45350,45356,45359,45365,45368,45374,45384,45390,45393,45400,45403,45405,45436],[10,44108,4197,44110,4201],{"id":44109},"python-id-function-explained",[15,44111,44112],{},"id()",[20,44114,32937,44115,44117],{},[15,44116,44112],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44119,44120,44121,44123],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44122,44112],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44125,1296,44126,44128,44129,44131,44132,120],{},[15,44127,44112],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[197,44130,199],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44133,5305],{},[35,44135,44137],{"className":37,"code":44136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44138,44139,44151,44165,44169,44179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44140,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44142,8497],{"class":50},[44,44144,55],{"class":54},[44,44146,643],{"class":583},[44,44148,7915],{"class":587},[44,44150,3979],{"class":583},[44,44152,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44154,140],{"class":139},[44,44156,127],{"class":58},[44,44158,13266],{"class":139},[44,44160,127],{"class":58},[44,44162,8287],{"class":123},[44,44164,556],{"class":58},[44,44166,44167],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44168,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44170,44171,44174,44176],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44172,44173],{"class":50},"other ",[44,44175,55],{"class":54},[44,44177,44178],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,44180,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44182,140],{"class":139},[44,44184,127],{"class":58},[44,44186,13266],{"class":139},[44,44188,127],{"class":58},[44,44190,31362],{"class":123},[44,44192,556],{"class":58},[20,44194,44195,44196,44199,44200,44202],{},"In this example, ",[15,44197,44198],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44201,44112],{}," values match.",[44204,44205,44206],"blockquote",{},[20,44207,1296,44208,44210,44211,44213],{},[15,44209,44112],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44212,5305],{}," for value comparison.",[30,44215,186,44217,189],{"id":44216},"what-id-does",[15,44218,44112],{},[20,44220,44221,44224],{},[15,44222,44223],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44226,203],{},[205,44228,44229,44232,44239,44242],{},[208,44230,44231],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[208,44233,44234,44235,44238],{},"It shows ",[197,44236,44237],{},"object identity",", not object value",[208,44240,44241],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[208,44243,44244],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44246,44247,44248,44252],{},"This is closely related to how ",[176,44249,44251],{"href":44250},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,44254,234],{"id":233},[20,44256,6052],{},[35,44258,44260],{"className":37,"code":44259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,44261,44262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44263,44264,44266,44268,44270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44265,13266],{"class":139},[44,44267,127],{"class":58},[44,44269,43022],{"class":548},[44,44271,133],{"class":58},[20,44273,448],{},[205,44275,44276,44279,44282],{},[208,44277,44278],{},"It takes one argument",[208,44280,44281],{},"It returns an integer",[208,44283,44284],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44286,295],{},[35,44288,44290],{"className":37,"code":44289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44291,44292,44304,44312,44332,44336,44350,44364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44293,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44295,35307],{"class":50},[44,44297,55],{"class":54},[44,44299,643],{"class":583},[44,44301,4464],{"class":587},[44,44303,3979],{"class":583},[44,44305,44306,44308,44310],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44307,2845],{"class":50},[44,44309,55],{"class":54},[44,44311,3393],{"class":62},[44,44313,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44315,8399],{"class":50},[44,44317,55],{"class":54},[44,44319,1954],{"class":58},[44,44321,63],{"class":62},[44,44323,66],{"class":58},[44,44325,69],{"class":62},[44,44327,66],{"class":58},[44,44329,74],{"class":62},[44,44331,1967],{"class":58},[44,44333,44334],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44335,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44337,44338,44340,44342,44344,44346,44348],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44339,140],{"class":139},[44,44341,127],{"class":58},[44,44343,13266],{"class":139},[44,44345,127],{"class":58},[44,44347,35328],{"class":123},[44,44349,556],{"class":58},[44,44351,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,44353,140],{"class":139},[44,44355,127],{"class":58},[44,44357,13266],{"class":139},[44,44359,127],{"class":58},[44,44361,2867],{"class":123},[44,44363,556],{"class":58},[44,44365,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,44367,140],{"class":139},[44,44369,127],{"class":58},[44,44371,13266],{"class":139},[44,44373,127],{"class":58},[44,44375,8430],{"class":123},[44,44377,556],{"class":58},[20,44379,44380],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,44382,44384],{"id":44383},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44386,44387,44388,120],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44389,44112],{},[205,44391,44392,44399,44406],{},[208,44393,44394,44396,44397],{},[15,44395,5305],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[197,44398,3100],{},[208,44400,44401,44403,44404],{},[15,44402,12810],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[197,44405,43022],{},[208,44407,44408,44410],{},[15,44409,44112],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44412,295],{},[35,44414,44416],{"className":37,"code":44415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44417,44418,44438,44458,44462,44479,44496,44510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44419,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44421,51],{"class":50},[44,44423,55],{"class":54},[44,44425,1954],{"class":58},[44,44427,63],{"class":62},[44,44429,66],{"class":58},[44,44431,69],{"class":62},[44,44433,66],{"class":58},[44,44435,74],{"class":62},[44,44437,1967],{"class":58},[44,44439,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44441,88],{"class":50},[44,44443,55],{"class":54},[44,44445,1954],{"class":58},[44,44447,63],{"class":62},[44,44449,66],{"class":58},[44,44451,69],{"class":62},[44,44453,66],{"class":58},[44,44455,74],{"class":62},[44,44457,1967],{"class":58},[44,44459,44460],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44461,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44463,44464,44466,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44465,140],{"class":139},[44,44467,127],{"class":58},[44,44469,51],{"class":123},[44,44471,5305],{"class":54},[44,44473,1405],{"class":123},[44,44475,4281],{"class":58},[44,44477,44478],{"class":1992},"   # True\n",[44,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491,44493],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44482,140],{"class":139},[44,44484,127],{"class":58},[44,44486,51],{"class":123},[44,44488,12810],{"class":4496},[44,44490,1405],{"class":123},[44,44492,4281],{"class":58},[44,44494,44495],{"class":1992},"   # False\n",[44,44497,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,44499,140],{"class":139},[44,44501,127],{"class":58},[44,44503,13266],{"class":139},[44,44505,127],{"class":58},[44,44507,176],{"class":123},[44,44509,556],{"class":58},[44,44511,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,44513,140],{"class":139},[44,44515,127],{"class":58},[44,44517,13266],{"class":139},[44,44519,127],{"class":58},[44,44521,130],{"class":123},[44,44523,556],{"class":58},[20,44525,2806],{},[205,44527,44528,44536,44544],{},[208,44529,44530,5400,44533,44535],{},[15,44531,44532],{},"a == b",[15,44534,4226],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[208,44537,44538,5400,44541,44543],{},[15,44539,44540],{},"a is b",[15,44542,4294],{}," because they are different list objects",[208,44545,44546,2495,44549,44552],{},[15,44547,44548],{},"id(a)",[15,44550,44551],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44554,44555,44556,2495,44560,120],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[176,44557,44559],{"href":44558},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[176,44561,44563],{"href":44562},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,44565,44567],{"id":44566},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44569,44570],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,44572,44574],{"className":37,"code":44573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44575,44576,44596,44606,44610,44624,44639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44577,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44579,884],{"class":50},[44,44581,55],{"class":54},[44,44583,1954],{"class":58},[44,44585,2958],{"class":62},[44,44587,66],{"class":58},[44,44589,8410],{"class":62},[44,44591,66],{"class":58},[44,44593,8415],{"class":62},[44,44595,1967],{"class":58},[44,44597,44598,44601,44603],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44599,44600],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,44602,55],{"class":54},[44,44604,44605],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,44607,44608],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44609,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44611,44612,44614,44616,44618,44620,44622],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44613,140],{"class":139},[44,44615,127],{"class":58},[44,44617,13266],{"class":139},[44,44619,127],{"class":58},[44,44621,4268],{"class":123},[44,44623,556],{"class":58},[44,44625,44626,44628,44630,44632,44634,44637],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44627,140],{"class":139},[44,44629,127],{"class":58},[44,44631,13266],{"class":139},[44,44633,127],{"class":58},[44,44635,44636],{"class":123},"other_numbers",[44,44638,556],{"class":58},[44,44640,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44652],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,44642,140],{"class":139},[44,44644,127],{"class":58},[44,44646,884],{"class":123},[44,44648,12810],{"class":4496},[44,44650,44651],{"class":123}," other_numbers",[44,44653,133],{"class":58},[20,44655,6177],{},[35,44657,44658],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,44659,44660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44661,44662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44663,4601],{"class":4471},[20,44665,44666,44667,44669],{},"The two ",[15,44668,44112],{}," values will also match.",[20,44671,22807,44672,44675],{},[15,44673,44674],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,44677,44679],{"id":44678},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44681,44682],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,44684,44686],{"className":37,"code":44685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44687,44688,44709,44730,44734,44749,44763,44778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44689,44690,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705,44707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44691,44692],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,44694,55],{"class":54},[44,44696,1954],{"class":58},[44,44698,63],{"class":62},[44,44700,66],{"class":58},[44,44702,69],{"class":62},[44,44704,66],{"class":58},[44,44706,74],{"class":62},[44,44708,1967],{"class":58},[44,44710,44711,44714,44716,44718,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44712,44713],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,44715,55],{"class":54},[44,44717,1954],{"class":58},[44,44719,63],{"class":62},[44,44721,66],{"class":58},[44,44723,69],{"class":62},[44,44725,66],{"class":58},[44,44727,74],{"class":62},[44,44729,1967],{"class":58},[44,44731,44732],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44733,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44735,44736,44738,44740,44742,44744,44747],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44737,140],{"class":139},[44,44739,127],{"class":58},[44,44741,44692],{"class":123},[44,44743,5305],{"class":54},[44,44745,44746],{"class":123}," list_b",[44,44748,133],{"class":58},[44,44750,44751,44753,44755,44757,44759,44761],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44752,140],{"class":139},[44,44754,127],{"class":58},[44,44756,44692],{"class":123},[44,44758,12810],{"class":4496},[44,44760,44746],{"class":123},[44,44762,133],{"class":58},[44,44764,44765,44767,44769,44771,44773,44776],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,44766,140],{"class":139},[44,44768,127],{"class":58},[44,44770,13266],{"class":139},[44,44772,127],{"class":58},[44,44774,44775],{"class":123},"list_a",[44,44777,556],{"class":58},[44,44779,44780,44782,44784,44786,44788,44791],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,44781,140],{"class":139},[44,44783,127],{"class":58},[44,44785,13266],{"class":139},[44,44787,127],{"class":58},[44,44789,44790],{"class":123},"list_b",[44,44792,556],{"class":58},[20,44794,6177],{},[35,44796,44798],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44799,44800,44804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44801,44802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44803,4601],{"class":4471},[44,44805,44806],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44807,4662],{"class":4471},[20,44809,44810],{},"What this means:",[205,44812,44813,44816,44819],{},[208,44814,44815],{},"The lists are equal in value",[208,44817,44818],{},"They are not the same object",[208,44820,44821,44822,44824],{},"Their ",[15,44823,44112],{}," values are usually different",[20,44826,44827,44828,44830,44831,120],{},"This is why ",[15,44829,44112],{}," should not replace ",[15,44832,5305],{},[30,44834,44836,44837,44839],{"id":44835},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44838,44112],{}," is useful",[20,44841,44842,44844],{},[15,44843,44112],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[205,44846,44847,44850,44853,44856],{},[208,44848,44849],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[208,44851,44852],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[208,44854,44855],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[208,44857,44858],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44860,44861,44862,44864],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44863,44112],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44866,44868],{"className":37,"code":44867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44869,44870,44894,44903,44907,44926,44930,44940,44950,44964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44871,44872,44874,44876,44878,44880,44882,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44873,12702],{"class":50},[44,44875,55],{"class":54},[44,44877,1954],{"class":58},[44,44879,633],{"class":583},[44,44881,176],{"class":587},[44,44883,633],{"class":583},[44,44885,66],{"class":58},[44,44887,643],{"class":583},[44,44889,130],{"class":587},[44,44891,633],{"class":583},[44,44893,1967],{"class":58},[44,44895,44896,44899,44901],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,44897,44898],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44900,55],{"class":54},[44,44902,12740],{"class":50},[44,44904,44905],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,44906,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44908,44909,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,44910,44911],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44913,120],{"class":58},[44,44915,14170],{"class":123},[44,44917,127],{"class":58},[44,44919,633],{"class":583},[44,44921,431],{"class":587},[44,44923,633],{"class":583},[44,44925,133],{"class":58},[44,44927,44928],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,44929,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,44931,44932,44934,44936,44938],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,44933,140],{"class":139},[44,44935,127],{"class":58},[44,44937,12749],{"class":123},[44,44939,133],{"class":58},[44,44941,44942,44944,44946,44948],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,44943,140],{"class":139},[44,44945,127],{"class":58},[44,44947,44911],{"class":123},[44,44949,133],{"class":58},[44,44951,44952,44954,44956,44958,44960,44962],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,44953,140],{"class":139},[44,44955,127],{"class":58},[44,44957,13266],{"class":139},[44,44959,127],{"class":58},[44,44961,12749],{"class":123},[44,44963,556],{"class":58},[44,44965,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,44967,140],{"class":139},[44,44969,127],{"class":58},[44,44971,13266],{"class":139},[44,44973,127],{"class":58},[44,44975,44911],{"class":123},[44,44977,556],{"class":58},[20,44979,6177],{},[35,44981,44983],{"className":37,"code":44982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44984,44985,45013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44986,44987,44989,44991,44993,44995,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44988,4521],{"class":58},[44,44990,590],{"class":583},[44,44992,176],{"class":587},[44,44994,590],{"class":583},[44,44996,66],{"class":58},[44,44998,584],{"class":583},[44,45000,130],{"class":587},[44,45002,590],{"class":583},[44,45004,66],{"class":58},[44,45006,584],{"class":583},[44,45008,431],{"class":587},[44,45010,590],{"class":583},[44,45012,1967],{"class":58},[44,45014,45015,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45029,45031,45033,45035,45037,45039],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45016,4521],{"class":58},[44,45018,590],{"class":583},[44,45020,176],{"class":587},[44,45022,590],{"class":583},[44,45024,66],{"class":58},[44,45026,584],{"class":583},[44,45028,130],{"class":587},[44,45030,590],{"class":583},[44,45032,66],{"class":58},[44,45034,584],{"class":583},[44,45036,431],{"class":587},[44,45038,590],{"class":583},[44,45040,1967],{"class":58},[20,45042,45043],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,45045,45047,45048],{"id":45046},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,45049,44112],{},[20,45051,45052,45053,45055],{},"Do not use ",[15,45054,44112],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,45057,45058],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[205,45060,45061,45067,45073,45076],{},[208,45062,45063,45064,45066],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,45065,5305],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[208,45068,45069,45070,45072],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,45071,44112],{}," values across program runs",[208,45074,45075],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[208,45077,45078,45079],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,45080,44112],{},[20,45082,45083],{},"Bad example:",[35,45085,45087],{"className":37,"code":45086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45088,45089,45101,45113,45117,45139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45090,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45092,51],{"class":50},[44,45094,55],{"class":54},[44,45096,643],{"class":583},[44,45098,2122],{"class":587},[44,45100,3979],{"class":583},[44,45102,45103,45105,45107,45109,45111],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45104,88],{"class":50},[44,45106,55],{"class":54},[44,45108,643],{"class":583},[44,45110,2122],{"class":587},[44,45112,3979],{"class":583},[44,45114,45115],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45116,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133,45135,45137],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,45120,7615],{"class":4496},[44,45122,15434],{"class":139},[44,45124,127],{"class":58},[44,45126,176],{"class":123},[44,45128,4281],{"class":58},[44,45130,7026],{"class":54},[44,45132,15434],{"class":139},[44,45134,127],{"class":58},[44,45136,130],{"class":123},[44,45138,8964],{"class":58},[44,45140,45141,45143,45145,45147,45150,45152],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,45142,8690],{"class":139},[44,45144,127],{"class":58},[44,45146,633],{"class":583},[44,45148,45149],{"class":587},"The values are equal",[44,45151,633],{"class":583},[44,45153,133],{"class":58},[20,45155,45156],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,45158,45160],{"className":37,"code":45159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45161,45162,45175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45163,45164,45166,45169,45171,45173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45165,7615],{"class":4496},[44,45167,45168],{"class":50}," a ",[44,45170,5305],{"class":54},[44,45172,1405],{"class":50},[44,45174,7011],{"class":58},[44,45176,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45178,8690],{"class":139},[44,45180,127],{"class":58},[44,45182,633],{"class":583},[44,45184,45149],{"class":587},[44,45186,633],{"class":583},[44,45188,133],{"class":58},[20,45190,1296,45191,428,45193,45195],{},[15,45192,12810],{},[15,45194,44112],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,45197,21419],{"id":21418},[20,45199,45200],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[205,45202,45203,45206,45209,45214],{},[208,45204,45205],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[208,45207,45208],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[208,45210,45211,45212],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45213,44112],{},[208,45215,45216,45217],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45218,44112],{},[20,45220,45221],{},"The important rule is:",[205,45223,45224,45229],{},[208,45225,1296,45226,45228],{},[15,45227,5305],{}," to check value",[208,45230,1296,45231,45233],{},[15,45232,12810],{}," to check identity",[20,45235,45236,45237,45239],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45238,44112],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,45241,3454],{"id":3453},[20,45243,45244,45245,1598],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45246,44112],{},[205,45248,45249,45257,45260,45263,45268],{},[208,45250,863,45251,45253,45254,45256],{},[15,45252,44112],{}," when ",[15,45255,5305],{}," should be used",[208,45258,45259],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[208,45261,45262],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[208,45264,45265,45266],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45267,44112],{},[208,45269,863,45270,45272],{},[15,45271,44112],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45274,45275],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,45277,45279],{"className":37,"code":45278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45280,45281,45296,45310,45324,45338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45282,45283,45285,45287,45289,45291,45294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45284,140],{"class":139},[44,45286,127],{"class":58},[44,45288,13266],{"class":139},[44,45290,127],{"class":58},[44,45292,45293],{"class":123},"my_object",[44,45295,556],{"class":58},[44,45297,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45299,140],{"class":139},[44,45301,127],{"class":58},[44,45303,51],{"class":123},[44,45305,5305],{"class":54},[44,45307,1405],{"class":123},[44,45309,133],{"class":58},[44,45311,45312,45314,45316,45318,45320,45322],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45313,140],{"class":139},[44,45315,127],{"class":58},[44,45317,51],{"class":123},[44,45319,12810],{"class":4496},[44,45321,1405],{"class":123},[44,45323,133],{"class":58},[44,45325,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,45327,140],{"class":139},[44,45329,127],{"class":58},[44,45331,549],{"class":548},[44,45333,127],{"class":58},[44,45335,45293],{"class":123},[44,45337,556],{"class":58},[44,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,45341,32772],{"class":139},[44,45343,127],{"class":58},[44,45345,13266],{"class":139},[44,45347,133],{"class":58},[30,45349,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,45351,45353,45354,13332],{"id":45352},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45355,44112],{},[20,45357,45358],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1044,45360,15521,45362,45364],{"id":45361},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45363,44112],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45366,45367],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1044,45369,22038,45371,45373],{"id":45370},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45372,44112],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45375,30889,45376,45378,45379,428,45381,45383],{},[15,45377,5305],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45380,44112],{},[15,45382,12810],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1044,45385,45387,45388,1447],{"id":45386},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45389,44112],{},[20,45391,45392],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1044,45394,45396,45397,45399],{"id":45395},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45398,44112],{}," values?",[20,45401,45402],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,45404,2528],{"id":2527},[205,45406,45407,45412,45417,45422,45430],{},[208,45408,45409],{},[176,45410,45411],{"href":44250},"Python variables explained for beginners",[208,45413,45414],{},[176,45415,45416],{"href":44558},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[208,45418,45419],{},[176,45420,45421],{"href":44562},"Python data types overview",[208,45423,45424],{},[176,45425,4197,45427,4130],{"href":45426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45428,45429],{},"isinstance()",[208,45431,45432],{},[176,45433,45435],{"href":45434},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2554,45437,45438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":45440},[45441,45443,45444,45445,45446,45447,45449,45451,45452,45453,45465],{"id":44216,"depth":85,"text":45442},"What id() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":44383,"depth":85,"text":44384},{"id":44566,"depth":85,"text":44567},{"id":44678,"depth":85,"text":44679},{"id":44835,"depth":85,"text":45448},"When id() is useful",{"id":45046,"depth":85,"text":45450},"When not to use id()",{"id":21418,"depth":85,"text":21419},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":45454},[45455,45457,45459,45461,45463],{"id":45352,"depth":109,"text":45456},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45361,"depth":109,"text":45458},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45370,"depth":109,"text":45460},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45386,"depth":109,"text":45462},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45395,"depth":109,"text":45464},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44104,"description":45466},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45473,"title":42817,"body":45474,"description":47113,"extension":2593,"meta":47114,"navigation":364,"path":47115,"seo":47116,"stem":47117,"__hash__":47118},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45475,"toc":47079},[45476,45481,45486,45489,45491,45534,45539,45541,45546,45551,45554,45570,45572,45616,45618,45645,45647,45662,45664,45666,45668,45684,45686,45698,45701,45735,45738,45763,45768,45770,45775,45779,45782,45784,45832,45834,45867,45873,45884,45886,45938,45940,45971,45973,45977,45981,46024,46030,46036,46088,46096,46101,46105,46196,46198,46231,46234,46236,46296,46298,46324,46334,46336,46340,46345,46350,46352,46389,46391,46410,46413,46417,46420,46476,46488,46497,46499,46526,46534,46541,46545,46548,46585,46588,46594,46631,46633,46637,46643,46661,46666,46714,46718,46807,46810,46817,46819,46821,46826,46844,46846,46889,46895,46912,46914,46976,46978,46980,46986,46994,47000,47006,47015,47025,47029,47037,47039,47041,47076],[10,45477,4197,45479,4201],{"id":45478},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45480,3581],{},[20,45482,192,45483,45485],{},[15,45484,3581],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45487,45488],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,45490,2634],{"id":2633},[35,45492,45494],{"className":37,"code":45493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45495,45496,45515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45497,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45511,45513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45499,8497],{"class":50},[44,45501,55],{"class":54},[44,45503,8864],{"class":139},[44,45505,127],{"class":58},[44,45507,633],{"class":583},[44,45509,45510],{"class":587},"Enter your name: ",[44,45512,633],{"class":583},[44,45514,133],{"class":58},[44,45516,45517,45519,45521,45523,45526,45528,45530,45532],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45518,140],{"class":139},[44,45520,127],{"class":58},[44,45522,633],{"class":583},[44,45524,45525],{"class":587},"Hello, ",[44,45527,633],{"class":583},[44,45529,3082],{"class":54},[44,45531,36613],{"class":123},[44,45533,133],{"class":58},[20,45535,1296,45536,45538],{},[15,45537,3581],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[181,45540],{},[30,45542,186,45544,189],{"id":45543},"what-input-does",[15,45545,3581],{},[20,45547,45548,45550],{},[15,45549,3581],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45552,45553],{},"Here is what happens:",[205,45555,45556,45561,45564,45567],{},[208,45557,45558,45560],{},[15,45559,3581],{}," waits for the user to type",[208,45562,45563],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[208,45565,45566],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[208,45568,45569],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45571,295],{},[35,45573,45575],{"className":37,"code":45574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45576,45577,45597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45578,45579,45582,45584,45586,45588,45590,45593,45595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45580,45581],{"class":50},"color ",[44,45583,55],{"class":54},[44,45585,8864],{"class":139},[44,45587,127],{"class":58},[44,45589,633],{"class":583},[44,45591,45592],{"class":587},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,45594,633],{"class":583},[44,45596,133],{"class":58},[44,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45608,45610,45612,45614],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45600,140],{"class":139},[44,45602,127],{"class":58},[44,45604,633],{"class":583},[44,45606,45607],{"class":587},"Your favorite color is",[44,45609,633],{"class":583},[44,45611,66],{"class":58},[44,45613,36472],{"class":123},[44,45615,133],{"class":58},[20,45617,756],{},[35,45619,45621],{"className":37,"code":45620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45622,45623,45636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45624,45625,45627,45629,45632,45634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45626,186],{"class":50},[44,45628,12810],{"class":54},[44,45630,45631],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,45633,1447],{"class":37989},[44,45635,36502],{"class":50},[44,45637,45638,45641,45643],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45639,45640],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,45642,12810],{"class":54},[44,45644,36502],{"class":50},[20,45646,20575],{},[205,45648,45649,45654,45659],{},[208,45650,45651,45652],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45653,45592],{},[208,45655,45656,45657],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45658,33511],{},[208,45660,45661],{},"That value is then printed",[181,45663],{},[30,45665,234],{"id":233},[20,45667,7836],{},[35,45669,45671],{"className":37,"code":45670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45672,45673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45674,45675,45677,45679,45682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45676,43086],{"class":139},[44,45678,127],{"class":58},[44,45680,45681],{"class":123},"prompt",[44,45683,133],{"class":58},[20,45685,12076],{},[205,45687,45688,45692,45695],{},[208,45689,192,45690,20657],{},[15,45691,45681],{},[208,45693,45694],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[208,45696,45697],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45699,45700],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,45702,45704],{"className":37,"code":45703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45705,45706,45725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45707,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716,45718,45721,45723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45709,8582],{"class":50},[44,45711,55],{"class":54},[44,45713,8864],{"class":139},[44,45715,127],{"class":58},[44,45717,633],{"class":583},[44,45719,45720],{"class":587},"Enter your username: ",[44,45722,633],{"class":583},[44,45724,133],{"class":58},[44,45726,45727,45729,45731,45733],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45728,140],{"class":139},[44,45730,127],{"class":58},[44,45732,8606],{"class":123},[44,45734,133],{"class":58},[20,45736,45737],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,45739,45741],{"className":37,"code":45740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45742,45743,45753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45744,45745,45747,45749,45751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45746,3075],{"class":50},[44,45748,55],{"class":54},[44,45750,8864],{"class":139},[44,45752,571],{"class":58},[44,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45756,140],{"class":139},[44,45758,127],{"class":58},[44,45760,3100],{"class":123},[44,45762,133],{"class":58},[20,45764,8382,45765,45767],{},[15,45766,3581],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[181,45769],{},[30,45771,186,45773,12321],{"id":45772},"what-input-returns",[15,45774,3581],{},[20,45776,45777,8847],{},[15,45778,3581],{},[20,45780,45781],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45783,295],{},[35,45785,45787],{"className":37,"code":45786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45788,45789,45808,45818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45790,45791,45793,45795,45797,45799,45801,45804,45806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45792,22246],{"class":50},[44,45794,55],{"class":54},[44,45796,8864],{"class":139},[44,45798,127],{"class":58},[44,45800,633],{"class":583},[44,45802,45803],{"class":587},"Enter your age: ",[44,45805,633],{"class":583},[44,45807,133],{"class":58},[44,45809,45810,45812,45814,45816],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45811,140],{"class":139},[44,45813,127],{"class":58},[44,45815,9921],{"class":123},[44,45817,133],{"class":58},[44,45819,45820,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45821,140],{"class":139},[44,45823,127],{"class":58},[44,45825,549],{"class":548},[44,45827,127],{"class":58},[44,45829,9921],{"class":123},[44,45831,556],{"class":58},[20,45833,756],{},[35,45835,45837],{"className":37,"code":45836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45838,45839,45849,45853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45840,45841,45844,45846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45842,45843],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,45845,1598],{"class":58},[44,45847,45848],{"class":62}," 25\n",[44,45850,45851],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45852,3333],{"class":62},[44,45854,45855,45857,45859,45861,45863,45865],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45856,576],{"class":54},[44,45858,580],{"class":579},[44,45860,584],{"class":583},[44,45862,4064],{"class":587},[44,45864,590],{"class":583},[44,45866,593],{"class":54},[20,45868,45869,45870,45872],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45871,9816],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45874,45875,45876,428,45880,120],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[176,45877,45878],{"href":3499},[15,45879,3502],{},[176,45881,45882],{"href":3505},[15,45883,3508],{},[20,45885,295],{},[35,45887,45889],{"className":37,"code":45888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45890,45891,45914,45924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45892,45893,45895,45897,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45894,22246],{"class":50},[44,45896,55],{"class":54},[44,45898,45899],{"class":548}," int",[44,45901,127],{"class":58},[44,45903,43086],{"class":139},[44,45905,127],{"class":58},[44,45907,633],{"class":583},[44,45909,45803],{"class":587},[44,45911,633],{"class":583},[44,45913,556],{"class":58},[44,45915,45916,45918,45920,45922],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45917,140],{"class":139},[44,45919,127],{"class":58},[44,45921,9921],{"class":123},[44,45923,133],{"class":58},[44,45925,45926,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45927,140],{"class":139},[44,45929,127],{"class":58},[44,45931,549],{"class":548},[44,45933,127],{"class":58},[44,45935,9921],{"class":123},[44,45937,556],{"class":58},[20,45939,756],{},[35,45941,45943],{"className":37,"code":45942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45944,45945,45953,45957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45946,45947,45949,45951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45948,45843],{"class":50},[44,45950,1598],{"class":58},[44,45952,45848],{"class":62},[44,45954,45955],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,45956,3333],{"class":62},[44,45958,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,45960,576],{"class":54},[44,45962,580],{"class":579},[44,45964,584],{"class":583},[44,45966,2816],{"class":587},[44,45968,590],{"class":583},[44,45970,593],{"class":54},[181,45972],{},[30,45974,45976],{"id":45975},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1044,45978,45980],{"id":45979},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45982,45984],{"className":37,"code":45983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45985,45986,46005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45987,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46001,46003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45989,8497],{"class":50},[44,45991,55],{"class":54},[44,45993,8864],{"class":139},[44,45995,127],{"class":58},[44,45997,633],{"class":583},[44,45999,46000],{"class":587},"What is your name? ",[44,46002,633],{"class":583},[44,46004,133],{"class":58},[44,46006,46007,46009,46011,46013,46016,46018,46020,46022],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46008,140],{"class":139},[44,46010,127],{"class":58},[44,46012,633],{"class":583},[44,46014,46015],{"class":587},"Hello,",[44,46017,633],{"class":583},[44,46019,66],{"class":58},[44,46021,36613],{"class":123},[44,46023,133],{"class":58},[20,46025,46026,46027,46029],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,46028,8287],{}," and prints it.",[1044,46031,46033,46034],{"id":46032},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,46035,3502],{},[35,46037,46039],{"className":37,"code":46038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,46040,46041,46064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057,46060,46062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46044,22246],{"class":50},[44,46046,55],{"class":54},[44,46048,45899],{"class":548},[44,46050,127],{"class":58},[44,46052,43086],{"class":139},[44,46054,127],{"class":58},[44,46056,633],{"class":583},[44,46058,46059],{"class":587},"How old are you? ",[44,46061,633],{"class":583},[44,46063,556],{"class":58},[44,46065,46066,46068,46070,46072,46075,46077,46079,46082,46084,46086],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46067,140],{"class":139},[44,46069,127],{"class":58},[44,46071,633],{"class":583},[44,46073,46074],{"class":587},"Next year you will be",[44,46076,633],{"class":583},[44,46078,66],{"class":58},[44,46080,46081],{"class":123}," age ",[44,46083,2689],{"class":54},[44,46085,2212],{"class":62},[44,46087,133],{"class":58},[20,46089,6678,46090,46092,46093,46095],{},[15,46091,3502],{}," converts the text from ",[15,46094,3581],{}," into a whole number.",[20,46097,46098,46099,120],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[176,46100,9603],{"href":9602},[1044,46102,46104],{"id":46103},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,46106,46108],{"className":37,"code":46107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,46109,46110,46134,46158,46172,46176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46111,46112,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127,46130,46132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46113,46114],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,46116,55],{"class":54},[44,46118,45899],{"class":548},[44,46120,127],{"class":58},[44,46122,43086],{"class":139},[44,46124,127],{"class":58},[44,46126,633],{"class":583},[44,46128,46129],{"class":587},"Enter the first number: ",[44,46131,633],{"class":583},[44,46133,556],{"class":58},[44,46135,46136,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149,46151,46154,46156],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46137,46138],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,46140,55],{"class":54},[44,46142,45899],{"class":548},[44,46144,127],{"class":58},[44,46146,43086],{"class":139},[44,46148,127],{"class":58},[44,46150,633],{"class":583},[44,46152,46153],{"class":587},"Enter the second number: ",[44,46155,633],{"class":583},[44,46157,556],{"class":58},[44,46159,46160,46162,46164,46167,46169],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46161,41805],{"class":50},[44,46163,55],{"class":54},[44,46165,46166],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,46168,2689],{"class":54},[44,46170,46171],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,46173,46174],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,46175,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,46177,46178,46180,46182,46184,46187,46189,46191,46194],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,46179,140],{"class":139},[44,46181,127],{"class":58},[44,46183,633],{"class":583},[44,46185,46186],{"class":587},"Total:",[44,46188,633],{"class":583},[44,46190,66],{"class":58},[44,46192,46193],{"class":123}," total",[44,46195,133],{"class":58},[20,46197,756],{},[35,46199,46201],{"className":37,"code":46200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46202,46203,46213,46222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46204,46205,46208,46210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46206,46207],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,46209,1598],{"class":58},[44,46211,46212],{"class":62}," 2\n",[44,46214,46215,46218,46220],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46216,46217],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,46219,1598],{"class":58},[44,46221,3202],{"class":62},[44,46223,46224,46227,46229],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46225,46226],{"class":50},"Total",[44,46228,1598],{"class":58},[44,46230,35462],{"class":62},[20,46232,46233],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46235,295],{},[35,46237,46239],{"className":37,"code":46238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46240,46241,46259,46277,46281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46242,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46244,46114],{"class":50},[44,46246,55],{"class":54},[44,46248,8864],{"class":139},[44,46250,127],{"class":58},[44,46252,633],{"class":583},[44,46254,46129],{"class":587},[44,46256,633],{"class":583},[44,46258,133],{"class":58},[44,46260,46261,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46262,46138],{"class":50},[44,46264,55],{"class":54},[44,46266,8864],{"class":139},[44,46268,127],{"class":58},[44,46270,633],{"class":583},[44,46272,46153],{"class":587},[44,46274,633],{"class":583},[44,46276,133],{"class":58},[44,46278,46279],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46280,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,46282,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291,46294],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,46284,140],{"class":139},[44,46286,127],{"class":58},[44,46288,46114],{"class":123},[44,46290,2689],{"class":54},[44,46292,46293],{"class":123}," num2",[44,46295,133],{"class":58},[20,46297,756],{},[35,46299,46301],{"className":37,"code":46300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46302,46303,46311,46319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46304,46305,46307,46309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46306,46207],{"class":50},[44,46308,1598],{"class":58},[44,46310,46212],{"class":62},[44,46312,46313,46315,46317],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46314,46217],{"class":50},[44,46316,1598],{"class":58},[44,46318,3202],{"class":62},[44,46320,46321],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46322,46323],{"class":62},"23\n",[20,46325,46326,46327,46330,46331,120],{},"That happens because ",[15,46328,46329],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46332,46333],{},"\"23\"",[181,46335],{},[30,46337,46339],{"id":46338},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46341,46342,46343,120],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46344,3581],{},[1044,46346,5321,46348,42165],{"id":46347},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46349,3581],{},[20,46351,39821],{},[35,46353,46355],{"className":37,"code":46354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46356,46357,46375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46358,46359,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46360,3075],{"class":50},[44,46362,55],{"class":54},[44,46364,8864],{"class":139},[44,46366,127],{"class":58},[44,46368,633],{"class":583},[44,46370,42494],{"class":587},[44,46372,633],{"class":583},[44,46374,133],{"class":58},[44,46376,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46378,140],{"class":139},[44,46380,127],{"class":58},[44,46382,549],{"class":548},[44,46384,127],{"class":58},[44,46386,3100],{"class":123},[44,46388,556],{"class":58},[20,46390,150],{},[35,46392,46394],{"className":37,"code":46393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46395,46396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46397,46398,46400,46402,46404,46406,46408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46399,576],{"class":54},[44,46401,580],{"class":579},[44,46403,584],{"class":583},[44,46405,4064],{"class":587},[44,46407,590],{"class":583},[44,46409,593],{"class":54},[20,46411,46412],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1044,46414,46416],{"id":46415},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46418,46419],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,46421,46423],{"className":37,"code":46422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46424,46425,46443,46462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46426,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46428,51],{"class":50},[44,46430,55],{"class":54},[44,46432,8864],{"class":139},[44,46434,127],{"class":58},[44,46436,633],{"class":583},[44,46438,42494],{"class":587},[44,46440,633],{"class":583},[44,46442,133],{"class":58},[44,46444,46445,46447,46449,46451,46453,46455,46458,46460],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46446,88],{"class":50},[44,46448,55],{"class":54},[44,46450,8864],{"class":139},[44,46452,127],{"class":58},[44,46454,633],{"class":583},[44,46456,46457],{"class":587},"Enter another number: ",[44,46459,633],{"class":583},[44,46461,133],{"class":58},[44,46463,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472,46474],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46465,140],{"class":139},[44,46467,127],{"class":58},[44,46469,51],{"class":123},[44,46471,2689],{"class":54},[44,46473,1405],{"class":123},[44,46475,133],{"class":58},[20,46477,41743,46478,2495,46480,46482,46483,600,46486,120],{},[15,46479,1517],{},[15,46481,357],{},", the result is ",[15,46484,46485],{},"45",[15,46487,2772],{},[1044,46489,46491,46492,46494,46495],{"id":46490},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46493,41327],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46496,3502],{},[20,46498,295],{},[35,46500,46502],{"className":37,"code":46501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46503,46504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522,46524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46507,22246],{"class":50},[44,46509,55],{"class":54},[44,46511,45899],{"class":548},[44,46513,127],{"class":58},[44,46515,43086],{"class":139},[44,46517,127],{"class":58},[44,46519,633],{"class":583},[44,46521,45803],{"class":587},[44,46523,633],{"class":583},[44,46525,556],{"class":58},[20,46527,8893,46528,46531,46532,120],{},[15,46529,46530],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46533,41327],{},[20,46535,46536,46537,120],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[176,46538,46540],{"href":46539},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1044,46542,46544],{"id":46543},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46546,46547],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,46549,46551],{"className":37,"code":46550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46552,46553,46571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46554,46555,46557,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46556,8497],{"class":50},[44,46558,55],{"class":54},[44,46560,8864],{"class":139},[44,46562,127],{"class":58},[44,46564,633],{"class":583},[44,46566,45510],{"class":587},[44,46568,633],{"class":583},[44,46570,133],{"class":58},[44,46572,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581,46583],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46574,140],{"class":139},[44,46576,127],{"class":58},[44,46578,42402],{"class":139},[44,46580,127],{"class":58},[44,46582,8287],{"class":123},[44,46584,556],{"class":58},[20,46586,46587],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46589,46590,46591,1598],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46592,46593],{},".strip()",[35,46595,46597],{"className":37,"code":46596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46598,46599,46621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46600,46601,46603,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46602,8497],{"class":50},[44,46604,55],{"class":54},[44,46606,8864],{"class":139},[44,46608,127],{"class":58},[44,46610,633],{"class":583},[44,46612,45510],{"class":587},[44,46614,633],{"class":583},[44,46616,2057],{"class":58},[44,46618,9256],{"class":123},[44,46620,571],{"class":58},[44,46622,46623,46625,46627,46629],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46624,140],{"class":139},[44,46626,127],{"class":58},[44,46628,8287],{"class":123},[44,46630,133],{"class":58},[181,46632],{},[30,46634,46636],{"id":46635},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46638,46639,46640,46642],{},"These habits make ",[15,46641,3581],{}," easier and safer to use.",[205,46644,46645,46648,46653,46656],{},[208,46646,46647],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[208,46649,1296,46650,46652],{},[15,46651,46593],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[208,46654,46655],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[208,46657,1296,46658,46660],{},[15,46659,30401],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46662,46663,46664,1598],{},"Example with ",[15,46665,46593],{},[35,46667,46669],{"className":37,"code":46668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46670,46671,46695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46672,46673,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684,46687,46689,46691,46693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46674,46675],{"class":50},"city ",[44,46677,55],{"class":54},[44,46679,8864],{"class":139},[44,46681,127],{"class":58},[44,46683,633],{"class":583},[44,46685,46686],{"class":587},"Enter your city: ",[44,46688,633],{"class":583},[44,46690,2057],{"class":58},[44,46692,9256],{"class":123},[44,46694,571],{"class":58},[44,46696,46697,46699,46701,46703,46706,46708,46710,46712],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46698,140],{"class":139},[44,46700,127],{"class":58},[44,46702,633],{"class":583},[44,46704,46705],{"class":587},"City:",[44,46707,633],{"class":583},[44,46709,66],{"class":58},[44,46711,32004],{"class":123},[44,46713,133],{"class":58},[20,46715,46663,46716,1598],{},[15,46717,30401],{},[35,46719,46721],{"className":37,"code":46720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46722,46723,46729,46752,46784,46792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46724,46725,46727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46726,30423],{"class":4496},[44,46728,7011],{"class":58},[44,46730,46731,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46732,46733],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,46735,55],{"class":54},[44,46737,45899],{"class":548},[44,46739,127],{"class":58},[44,46741,43086],{"class":139},[44,46743,127],{"class":58},[44,46745,633],{"class":583},[44,46747,45803],{"class":587},[44,46749,633],{"class":583},[44,46751,556],{"class":58},[44,46753,46754,46756,46758,46760,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46780,46782],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46755,8690],{"class":139},[44,46757,127],{"class":58},[44,46759,633],{"class":583},[44,46761,46762],{"class":587},"You will be",[44,46764,633],{"class":583},[44,46766,66],{"class":58},[44,46768,46081],{"class":123},[44,46770,2689],{"class":54},[44,46772,2212],{"class":62},[44,46774,66],{"class":58},[44,46776,643],{"class":583},[44,46778,46779],{"class":587},"next year",[44,46781,633],{"class":583},[44,46783,133],{"class":58},[44,46785,46786,46788,46790],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,46787,30454],{"class":4496},[44,46789,42549],{"class":548},[44,46791,7011],{"class":58},[44,46793,46794,46796,46798,46800,46803,46805],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,46795,8690],{"class":139},[44,46797,127],{"class":58},[44,46799,633],{"class":583},[44,46801,46802],{"class":587},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,46804,633],{"class":583},[44,46806,133],{"class":58},[20,46808,46809],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46811,46812,46813,120],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[176,46814,46816],{"href":46815},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[181,46818],{},[30,46820,3454],{"id":3453},[20,46822,46823,46824,1598],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46825,3581],{},[205,46827,46828,46835,46838,46841],{},[208,46829,46830,46831,428,46833],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46832,3502],{},[15,46834,3508],{},[208,46836,46837],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[208,46839,46840],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[208,46842,46843],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46845,32702],{},[35,46847,46849],{"className":37,"code":46848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46850,46851,46861,46875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46852,46853,46855,46857,46859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46854,140],{"class":139},[44,46856,127],{"class":58},[44,46858,3100],{"class":123},[44,46860,133],{"class":58},[44,46862,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46864,140],{"class":139},[44,46866,127],{"class":58},[44,46868,549],{"class":548},[44,46870,127],{"class":58},[44,46872,3100],{"class":123},[44,46874,556],{"class":58},[44,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46878,140],{"class":139},[44,46880,127],{"class":58},[44,46882,42402],{"class":139},[44,46884,127],{"class":58},[44,46886,3100],{"class":123},[44,46888,556],{"class":58},[20,46890,46891,46892,46894],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46893,3581],{}," actually returned:",[205,46896,46897,46902,46907],{},[208,46898,46899,46901],{},[15,46900,42450],{}," shows the value",[208,46903,46904,46906],{},[15,46905,42456],{}," shows the data type",[208,46908,46909,46911],{},[15,46910,42461],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46913,295],{},[35,46915,46917],{"className":37,"code":46916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46918,46919,46938,46948,46962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46920,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46934,46936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46922,3075],{"class":50},[44,46924,55],{"class":54},[44,46926,8864],{"class":139},[44,46928,127],{"class":58},[44,46930,633],{"class":583},[44,46932,46933],{"class":587},"Enter something: ",[44,46935,633],{"class":583},[44,46937,133],{"class":58},[44,46939,46940,46942,46944,46946],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,46941,140],{"class":139},[44,46943,127],{"class":58},[44,46945,3100],{"class":123},[44,46947,133],{"class":58},[44,46949,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958,46960],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,46951,140],{"class":139},[44,46953,127],{"class":58},[44,46955,549],{"class":548},[44,46957,127],{"class":58},[44,46959,3100],{"class":123},[44,46961,556],{"class":58},[44,46963,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,46965,140],{"class":139},[44,46967,127],{"class":58},[44,46969,42402],{"class":139},[44,46971,127],{"class":58},[44,46973,3100],{"class":123},[44,46975,556],{"class":58},[181,46977],{},[30,46979,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,46981,2482,46983,46985],{"id":46982},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46984,3581],{}," return an integer?",[20,46987,46988,46989,46991,46992,40552],{},"No. ",[15,46990,3581],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46993,3502],{},[1044,46995,46997,46998,1447],{"id":46996},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46999,3581],{},[20,47001,47002,47003,47005],{},"No. You can call ",[15,47004,3581],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1044,47007,5776,47009,47012,47013,1447],{"id":47008},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,47010,47011],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,47014,3581],{},[20,47016,29680,47017,47019,47020,42778,47022,47024],{},[15,47018,3581],{}," returns strings. ",[15,47021,46329],{},[15,47023,46333],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1044,47026,47028],{"id":47027},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,47030,1296,47031,47033,47034,120],{},[15,47032,46593],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,47035,47036],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[181,47038],{},[30,47040,2528],{"id":2527},[205,47042,47043,47048,47052,47058,47064,47068],{},[208,47044,47045],{},[176,47046,47047],{"href":46815},"How to get user input in Python",[208,47049,47050],{},[176,47051,9680],{"href":9602},[208,47053,47054],{},[176,47055,4197,47056,4130],{"href":3499},[15,47057,3502],{},[208,47059,47060],{},[176,47061,4197,47062,4130],{"href":3505},[15,47063,3508],{},[208,47065,47066],{},[176,47067,46540],{"href":46539},[208,47069,47070],{},[176,47071,4197,47073,4130],{"href":47072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,47074,47075],{},"print()",[2554,47077,47078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":47080},[47081,47082,47084,47085,47087,47093,47101,47102,47103,47112],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":45543,"depth":85,"text":47083},"What input() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":45772,"depth":85,"text":47086},"What input() returns",{"id":45975,"depth":85,"text":45976,"children":47088},[47089,47090,47092],{"id":45979,"depth":109,"text":45980},{"id":46032,"depth":109,"text":47091},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46103,"depth":109,"text":46104},{"id":46338,"depth":85,"text":46339,"children":47094},[47095,47097,47098,47100],{"id":46347,"depth":109,"text":47096},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46415,"depth":109,"text":46416},{"id":46490,"depth":109,"text":47099},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46543,"depth":109,"text":46544},{"id":46635,"depth":85,"text":46636},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":47104},[47105,47107,47109,47111],{"id":46982,"depth":109,"text":47106},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46996,"depth":109,"text":47108},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":47008,"depth":109,"text":47110},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47027,"depth":109,"text":47028},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42817,"description":47113},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47120,"title":42719,"body":47121,"description":49434,"extension":2593,"meta":49435,"navigation":364,"path":49436,"seo":49437,"stem":49438,"__hash__":49439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47122,"toc":49386},[47123,47128,47133,47138,47159,47162,47164,47224,47226,47245,47250,47255,47260,47262,47275,47277,47360,47362,47403,47409,47411,47441,47447,47450,47467,47469,47521,47523,47541,47547,47553,47556,47574,47576,47649,47651,47670,47677,47683,47688,47691,47751,47753,47772,47775,47778,47793,47799,47803,47864,47866,47887,47891,48020,48022,48152,48162,48168,48174,48182,48248,48250,48275,48278,48295,48308,48314,48317,48350,48352,48365,48368,48411,48413,48421,48428,48432,48439,48443,48470,48472,48480,48486,48503,48508,48512,48539,48541,48549,48553,48558,48561,48587,48590,48599,48607,48611,48621,48625,48628,48630,48681,48683,48713,48723,48750,48752,48760,48770,48774,48777,48779,48827,48829,48873,48879,48930,48932,48951,48956,48961,48964,48983,48986,49038,49040,49049,49051,49055,49059,49062,49071,49078,49080,49107,49111,49113,49122,49125,49132,49138,49198,49202,49204,49212,49215,49241,49247,49250,49270,49272,49281,49289,49291,49297,49302,49309,49319,49325,49333,49337,49340,49342,49383],[10,47124,4197,47126,4201],{"id":47125},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47127,3502],{},[20,47129,32937,47130,47132],{},[15,47131,3502],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47134,36026,47135,47137],{},[15,47136,3502],{}," when they want to:",[205,47139,47140,47150,47153,47156],{},[208,47141,47142,47143,47146,47147],{},"turn text like ",[15,47144,47145],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47148,47149],{},"42",[208,47151,47152],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[208,47154,47155],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[208,47157,47158],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47160,47161],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,47163,2634],{"id":2633},[35,47165,47167],{"className":37,"code":47166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47168,47169,47187,47201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47170,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47172,140],{"class":139},[44,47174,127],{"class":58},[44,47176,2816],{"class":548},[44,47178,127],{"class":58},[44,47180,633],{"class":583},[44,47182,47149],{"class":587},[44,47184,633],{"class":583},[44,47186,556],{"class":58},[44,47188,47189,47191,47193,47195,47197,47199],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47190,140],{"class":139},[44,47192,127],{"class":58},[44,47194,2816],{"class":548},[44,47196,127],{"class":58},[44,47198,42607],{"class":62},[44,47200,556],{"class":58},[44,47202,47203,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47216,47218,47220,47222],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47204,140],{"class":139},[44,47206,127],{"class":58},[44,47208,2816],{"class":548},[44,47210,127],{"class":58},[44,47212,633],{"class":583},[44,47214,47215],{"class":587},"101",[44,47217,633],{"class":583},[44,47219,66],{"class":58},[44,47221,69],{"class":62},[44,47223,556],{"class":58},[20,47225,150],{},[35,47227,47229],{"className":37,"code":47228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47230,47231,47236,47241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47232,47233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47234,47235],{"class":62},"42\n",[44,47237,47238],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47239,47240],{"class":62},"3\n",[44,47242,47243],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47244,3570],{"class":62},[20,47246,1296,47247,47249],{},[15,47248,3502],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,47251,186,47253,189],{"id":47252},"what-int-does",[15,47254,3502],{},[20,47256,47257,47259],{},[15,47258,3502],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47261,203],{},[205,47263,47264,47269,47272],{},[208,47265,47266,47267,7958],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47268,2816],{},[208,47270,47271],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[208,47273,47274],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47276,295],{},[35,47278,47280],{"className":37,"code":47279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47281,47282,47294,47308,47312,47322,47332,47346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47283,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47285,35307],{"class":50},[44,47287,55],{"class":54},[44,47289,643],{"class":583},[44,47291,9816],{"class":587},[44,47293,3979],{"class":583},[44,47295,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47297,2845],{"class":50},[44,47299,55],{"class":54},[44,47301,45899],{"class":548},[44,47303,127],{"class":58},[44,47305,35328],{"class":123},[44,47307,133],{"class":58},[44,47309,47310],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47311,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,47313,47314,47316,47318,47320],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,47315,140],{"class":139},[44,47317,127],{"class":58},[44,47319,35328],{"class":123},[44,47321,133],{"class":58},[44,47323,47324,47326,47328,47330],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,47325,140],{"class":139},[44,47327,127],{"class":58},[44,47329,2867],{"class":123},[44,47331,133],{"class":58},[44,47333,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,47335,140],{"class":139},[44,47337,127],{"class":58},[44,47339,549],{"class":548},[44,47341,127],{"class":58},[44,47343,35328],{"class":123},[44,47345,556],{"class":58},[44,47347,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,47349,140],{"class":139},[44,47351,127],{"class":58},[44,47353,549],{"class":548},[44,47355,127],{"class":58},[44,47357,2867],{"class":123},[44,47359,556],{"class":58},[20,47361,150],{},[35,47363,47365],{"className":37,"code":47364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47366,47367,47371,47375,47389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47368,47369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47370,3333],{"class":62},[44,47372,47373],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47374,3333],{"class":62},[44,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47378,576],{"class":54},[44,47380,580],{"class":579},[44,47382,584],{"class":583},[44,47384,4064],{"class":587},[44,47386,590],{"class":583},[44,47388,593],{"class":54},[44,47390,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,47392,576],{"class":54},[44,47394,580],{"class":579},[44,47396,584],{"class":583},[44,47398,2816],{"class":587},[44,47400,590],{"class":583},[44,47402,593],{"class":54},[20,47404,47405,47406,47408],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47407,3502],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,47410,234],{"id":233},[35,47412,47414],{"className":37,"code":47413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47415,47416,47426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47417,47418,47420,47422,47424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47419,2816],{"class":548},[44,47421,127],{"class":58},[44,47423,2801],{"class":123},[44,47425,133],{"class":58},[44,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47439],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47429,2816],{"class":548},[44,47431,127],{"class":58},[44,47433,2801],{"class":123},[44,47435,66],{"class":58},[44,47437,47438],{"class":123}," base",[44,47440,133],{"class":58},[1044,47442,47444],{"id":47443},"intx",[15,47445,47446],{},"int(x)",[20,47448,47449],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[205,47451,47452,47457,47462],{},[208,47453,47454,47455],{},"a string such as ",[15,47456,42749],{},[208,47458,47459,47460],{},"a float such as ",[15,47461,42607],{},[208,47463,47464,47465],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47466,4226],{},[20,47468,295],{},[35,47470,47472],{"className":37,"code":47471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47473,47474,47492,47507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47475,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47477,140],{"class":139},[44,47479,127],{"class":58},[44,47481,2816],{"class":548},[44,47483,127],{"class":58},[44,47485,633],{"class":583},[44,47487,2958],{"class":587},[44,47489,633],{"class":583},[44,47491,556],{"class":58},[44,47493,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47505],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47495,140],{"class":139},[44,47497,127],{"class":58},[44,47499,2816],{"class":548},[44,47501,127],{"class":58},[44,47503,47504],{"class":62},"8.7",[44,47506,556],{"class":58},[44,47508,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47510,140],{"class":139},[44,47512,127],{"class":58},[44,47514,2816],{"class":548},[44,47516,127],{"class":58},[44,47518,4226],{"class":4471},[44,47520,556],{"class":58},[20,47522,150],{},[35,47524,47526],{"className":37,"code":47525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47527,47528,47532,47536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47529,47530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47531,3004],{"class":62},[44,47533,47534],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47535,3009],{"class":62},[44,47537,47538],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47539,47540],{"class":62},"1\n",[1044,47542,47544],{"id":47543},"intx-base",[15,47545,47546],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47548,47549,47550,47552],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47551,2801],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47554,47555],{},"Common bases:",[205,47557,47558,47563,47568],{},[208,47559,47560,47562],{},[15,47561,339],{}," for binary",[208,47564,47565,47567],{},[15,47566,2973],{}," for octal",[208,47569,47570,47573],{},[15,47571,47572],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47575,295],{},[35,47577,47579],{"className":37,"code":47578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47580,47581,47603,47626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47582,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47584,140],{"class":139},[44,47586,127],{"class":58},[44,47588,2816],{"class":548},[44,47590,127],{"class":58},[44,47592,633],{"class":583},[44,47594,47215],{"class":587},[44,47596,633],{"class":583},[44,47598,66],{"class":58},[44,47600,69],{"class":62},[44,47602,556],{"class":58},[44,47604,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47618,47620,47622,47624],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47606,140],{"class":139},[44,47608,127],{"class":58},[44,47610,2816],{"class":548},[44,47612,127],{"class":58},[44,47614,633],{"class":583},[44,47616,47617],{"class":587},"17",[44,47619,633],{"class":583},[44,47621,66],{"class":58},[44,47623,6977],{"class":62},[44,47625,556],{"class":58},[44,47627,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47641,47643,47645,47647],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47629,140],{"class":139},[44,47631,127],{"class":58},[44,47633,2816],{"class":548},[44,47635,127],{"class":58},[44,47637,633],{"class":583},[44,47639,47640],{"class":587},"1A",[44,47642,633],{"class":583},[44,47644,66],{"class":58},[44,47646,14605],{"class":62},[44,47648,556],{"class":58},[20,47650,150],{},[35,47652,47654],{"className":37,"code":47653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47655,47656,47660,47665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47657,47658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47659,3570],{"class":62},[44,47661,47662],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47663,47664],{"class":62},"15\n",[44,47666,47667],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47668,47669],{"class":62},"26\n",[20,47671,47672,47673,120],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[176,47674,47675,2930],{"href":3505},[15,47676,3508],{},[30,47678,863,47680,47682],{"id":47679},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47681,3502],{}," with strings",[20,47684,47685,47687],{},[15,47686,3502],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47689,47690],{},"Examples that work:",[35,47692,47694],{"className":37,"code":47693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47695,47696,47714,47732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47697,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47699,140],{"class":139},[44,47701,127],{"class":58},[44,47703,2816],{"class":548},[44,47705,127],{"class":58},[44,47707,633],{"class":583},[44,47709,357],{"class":587},[44,47711,633],{"class":583},[44,47713,556],{"class":58},[44,47715,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47717,140],{"class":139},[44,47719,127],{"class":58},[44,47721,2816],{"class":548},[44,47723,127],{"class":58},[44,47725,633],{"class":583},[44,47727,2919],{"class":587},[44,47729,633],{"class":583},[44,47731,556],{"class":58},[44,47733,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47747,47749],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47735,140],{"class":139},[44,47737,127],{"class":58},[44,47739,2816],{"class":548},[44,47741,127],{"class":58},[44,47743,633],{"class":583},[44,47745,47746],{"class":587},"  42  ",[44,47748,633],{"class":583},[44,47750,556],{"class":58},[20,47752,150],{},[35,47754,47756],{"className":37,"code":47755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47757,47758,47762,47768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47759,47760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47761,3570],{"class":62},[44,47763,47764,47766],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47765,1316],{"class":54},[44,47767,2853],{"class":62},[44,47769,47770],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47771,47235],{"class":62},[20,47773,47774],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47776,47777],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,47779,47781],{"className":37,"code":47780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47782,47783,47788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47784,47785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47786,47787],{"class":1992},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,47789,47790],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47791,47792],{"class":1992},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47794,47795,47796,47798],{},"These raise ",[15,47797,41327],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1044,47800,47802],{"id":47801},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,47804,47806],{"className":37,"code":47805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47807,47808,47826,47845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47809,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47811,140],{"class":139},[44,47813,127],{"class":58},[44,47815,2816],{"class":548},[44,47817,127],{"class":58},[44,47819,633],{"class":583},[44,47821,2748],{"class":587},[44,47823,633],{"class":583},[44,47825,556],{"class":58},[44,47827,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47841,47843],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47829,140],{"class":139},[44,47831,127],{"class":58},[44,47833,2816],{"class":548},[44,47835,127],{"class":58},[44,47837,633],{"class":583},[44,47839,47840],{"class":587},"+7",[44,47842,633],{"class":583},[44,47844,556],{"class":58},[44,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857,47860,47862],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47848,140],{"class":139},[44,47850,127],{"class":58},[44,47852,2816],{"class":548},[44,47854,127],{"class":58},[44,47856,633],{"class":583},[44,47858,47859],{"class":587},"-100",[44,47861,633],{"class":583},[44,47863,556],{"class":58},[20,47865,150],{},[35,47867,47869],{"className":37,"code":47868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47870,47871,47876,47880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47872,47873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47874,47875],{"class":62},"0\n",[44,47877,47878],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47879,2708],{"class":62},[44,47881,47882,47884],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47883,1316],{"class":54},[44,47885,47886],{"class":62},"100\n",[1044,47888,47890],{"id":47889},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,47892,47894],{"className":37,"code":47893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47895,47896,47934,47938,47950,47957,47972,47987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47897,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927,47930,47932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47899,4441],{"class":50},[44,47901,55],{"class":54},[44,47903,1954],{"class":58},[44,47905,633],{"class":583},[44,47907,40766],{"class":587},[44,47909,633],{"class":583},[44,47911,66],{"class":58},[44,47913,643],{"class":583},[44,47915,47916],{"class":587},"12abc",[44,47918,633],{"class":583},[44,47920,66],{"class":58},[44,47922,6744],{"class":583},[44,47924,66],{"class":58},[44,47926,643],{"class":583},[44,47928,47929],{"class":587},"seven",[44,47931,633],{"class":583},[44,47933,1967],{"class":58},[44,47935,47936],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,47937,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,47939,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,47941,6576],{"class":4496},[44,47943,22202],{"class":50},[44,47945,4503],{"class":4496},[44,47947,4506],{"class":50},[44,47949,7011],{"class":58},[44,47951,47952,47955],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,47953,47954],{"class":4496},"    try",[44,47956,7011],{"class":58},[44,47958,47959,47962,47964,47966,47968,47970],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,47960,47961],{"class":139},"        print",[44,47963,127],{"class":58},[44,47965,2816],{"class":548},[44,47967,127],{"class":58},[44,47969,3100],{"class":123},[44,47971,556],{"class":58},[44,47973,47974,47977,47979,47982,47985],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,47975,47976],{"class":4496},"    except",[44,47978,42549],{"class":548},[44,47980,47981],{"class":4496}," as",[44,47983,47984],{"class":50}," error",[44,47986,7011],{"class":58},[44,47988,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48004,48006,48009,48011,48014,48016,48018],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,47990,47961],{"class":139},[44,47992,127],{"class":58},[44,47994,22912],{"class":579},[44,47996,633],{"class":587},[44,47998,160],{"class":62},[44,48000,3100],{"class":123},[44,48002,48003],{"class":579},"!r",[44,48005,22921],{"class":62},[44,48007,48008],{"class":587}," -> ",[44,48010,160],{"class":62},[44,48012,48013],{"class":123},"error",[44,48015,22921],{"class":62},[44,48017,633],{"class":587},[44,48019,133],{"class":58},[20,48021,150],{},[35,48023,48025],{"className":37,"code":48024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,48026,48027,48063,48095,48120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48028,48029,48031,48033,48035,48038,48041,48043,48045,48047,48050,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48030,590],{"class":43952},[44,48032,40766],{"class":43956},[44,48034,590],{"class":43952},[44,48036,48037],{"class":37989}," ->",[44,48039,48040],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,48042,6576],{"class":4496},[44,48044,45899],{"class":548},[44,48046,7984],{"class":58},[44,48048,48049],{"class":4496}," with",[44,48051,48052],{"class":50}," base ",[44,48054,2958],{"class":62},[44,48056,1598],{"class":58},[44,48058,584],{"class":583},[44,48060,40766],{"class":587},[44,48062,30319],{"class":583},[44,48064,48065,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089,48091,48093],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48066,590],{"class":583},[44,48068,47916],{"class":587},[44,48070,590],{"class":583},[44,48072,48037],{"class":37989},[44,48074,48040],{"class":50},[44,48076,6576],{"class":4496},[44,48078,45899],{"class":548},[44,48080,7984],{"class":58},[44,48082,48049],{"class":4496},[44,48084,48052],{"class":50},[44,48086,2958],{"class":62},[44,48088,1598],{"class":58},[44,48090,584],{"class":583},[44,48092,47916],{"class":587},[44,48094,30319],{"class":583},[44,48096,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48098,4393],{"class":583},[44,48100,48037],{"class":37989},[44,48102,48040],{"class":50},[44,48104,6576],{"class":4496},[44,48106,45899],{"class":548},[44,48108,7984],{"class":58},[44,48110,48049],{"class":4496},[44,48112,48052],{"class":50},[44,48114,2958],{"class":62},[44,48116,1598],{"class":58},[44,48118,48119],{"class":583}," ''\n",[44,48121,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48123,590],{"class":583},[44,48125,47929],{"class":587},[44,48127,590],{"class":583},[44,48129,48037],{"class":37989},[44,48131,48040],{"class":50},[44,48133,6576],{"class":4496},[44,48135,45899],{"class":548},[44,48137,7984],{"class":58},[44,48139,48049],{"class":4496},[44,48141,48052],{"class":50},[44,48143,2958],{"class":62},[44,48145,1598],{"class":58},[44,48147,584],{"class":583},[44,48149,47929],{"class":587},[44,48151,30319],{"class":583},[20,48153,48154,48155,48157,48158,120],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[176,48156,9603],{"href":9602}," and the ",[176,48159,48160,2930],{"href":8841},[15,48161,3581],{},[30,48163,863,48165,48167],{"id":48164},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48166,3502],{}," with floats",[20,48169,48170,48171,48173],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48172,3502],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48175,48176,48177,14671,48179,48181],{},"Important: ",[15,48178,3502],{},[197,48180,199],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,48183,48185],{"className":37,"code":48184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48186,48187,48201,48216,48232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48188,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48190,140],{"class":139},[44,48192,127],{"class":58},[44,48194,2816],{"class":548},[44,48196,127],{"class":58},[44,48198,42607],{"class":62},[44,48200,556],{"class":58},[44,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48214],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48204,140],{"class":139},[44,48206,127],{"class":58},[44,48208,2816],{"class":548},[44,48210,127],{"class":58},[44,48212,48213],{"class":62},"3.1",[44,48215,556],{"class":58},[44,48217,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48219,140],{"class":139},[44,48221,127],{"class":58},[44,48223,2816],{"class":548},[44,48225,127],{"class":58},[44,48227,1316],{"class":54},[44,48229,42607],{"class":62},[44,48231,556],{"class":58},[44,48233,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48235,140],{"class":139},[44,48237,127],{"class":58},[44,48239,2816],{"class":548},[44,48241,127],{"class":58},[44,48243,1316],{"class":54},[44,48245,48213],{"class":62},[44,48247,556],{"class":58},[20,48249,150],{},[35,48251,48253],{"className":37,"code":48252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48254,48255,48259,48263,48269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48256,48257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48258,47240],{"class":62},[44,48260,48261],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48262,47240],{"class":62},[44,48264,48265,48267],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48266,1316],{"class":54},[44,48268,47240],{"class":62},[44,48270,48271,48273],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48272,1316],{"class":54},[44,48274,47240],{"class":62},[20,48276,48277],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[205,48279,48280,48287],{},[208,48281,48282,42778,48285],{},[15,48283,48284],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48286,95],{},[208,48288,48289,42778,48292],{},[15,48290,48291],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48293,48294],{},"-3",[20,48296,48297,48298,48302,48303,120],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[176,48299,48300],{"href":3505},[15,48301,3508],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[176,48304,48305],{"href":42798},[15,48306,48307],{},"str()",[30,48309,863,48311,48313],{"id":48310},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48312,3502],{}," with booleans",[20,48315,48316],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,48318,48320],{"className":37,"code":48319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48321,48322,48336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48323,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48325,140],{"class":139},[44,48327,127],{"class":58},[44,48329,2816],{"class":548},[44,48331,127],{"class":58},[44,48333,4226],{"class":4471},[44,48335,556],{"class":58},[44,48337,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48339,140],{"class":139},[44,48341,127],{"class":58},[44,48343,2816],{"class":548},[44,48345,127],{"class":58},[44,48347,4294],{"class":4471},[44,48349,556],{"class":58},[20,48351,150],{},[35,48353,48355],{"className":37,"code":48354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,48356,48357,48361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48358,48359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48360,47540],{"class":62},[44,48362,48363],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48364,47875],{"class":62},[20,48366,48367],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,48369,48371],{"className":37,"code":48370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48372,48373,48382,48397,48401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48374,48375,48378,48380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48376,48377],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,48379,55],{"class":54},[44,48381,7040],{"class":4471},[44,48383,48384,48386,48388,48390,48392,48395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48385,41805],{"class":50},[44,48387,55],{"class":54},[44,48389,45899],{"class":548},[44,48391,127],{"class":58},[44,48393,48394],{"class":123},"passed",[44,48396,133],{"class":58},[44,48398,48399],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,48402,48403,48405,48407,48409],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48404,140],{"class":139},[44,48406,127],{"class":58},[44,48408,41834],{"class":123},[44,48410,133],{"class":58},[20,48412,150],{},[35,48414,48415],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48416,48417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48418,48419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48420,47540],{"class":62},[20,48422,48423,48424,120],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[176,48425,48426,2930],{"href":6398},[15,48427,4431],{},[30,48429,48431],{"id":48430},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48433,48434,48435,48438],{},"Use the ",[15,48436,48437],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1044,48440,48442],{"id":48441},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,48444,48446],{"className":37,"code":48445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48447,48448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48449,48450,48452,48454,48456,48458,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48451,140],{"class":139},[44,48453,127],{"class":58},[44,48455,2816],{"class":548},[44,48457,127],{"class":58},[44,48459,633],{"class":583},[44,48461,47215],{"class":587},[44,48463,633],{"class":583},[44,48465,66],{"class":58},[44,48467,69],{"class":62},[44,48469,556],{"class":58},[20,48471,150],{},[35,48473,48474],{"className":37,"code":3570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48475,48476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48477,48478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48479,3570],{"class":62},[20,48481,48482,48485],{},[15,48483,48484],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[205,48487,48488,48493,48498],{},[208,48489,48490],{},[15,48491,48492],{},"1 × 4",[208,48494,48495],{},[15,48496,48497],{},"0 × 2",[208,48499,48500],{},[15,48501,48502],{},"1 × 1",[20,48504,48505,48506,120],{},"So the result is ",[15,48507,357],{},[1044,48509,48511],{"id":48510},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,48513,48515],{"className":37,"code":48514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48516,48517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48518,48519,48521,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48520,140],{"class":139},[44,48522,127],{"class":58},[44,48524,2816],{"class":548},[44,48526,127],{"class":58},[44,48528,633],{"class":583},[44,48530,47640],{"class":587},[44,48532,633],{"class":583},[44,48534,66],{"class":58},[44,48536,14605],{"class":62},[44,48538,556],{"class":58},[20,48540,150],{},[35,48542,48543],{"className":37,"code":47669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48544,48545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48546,48547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48548,47669],{"class":62},[1044,48550,48552],{"id":48551},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48554,192,48555,48557],{},[15,48556,48437],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48559,48560],{},"Good:",[35,48562,48563],{"className":37,"code":48445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48564,48565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48566,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48568,140],{"class":139},[44,48570,127],{"class":58},[44,48572,2816],{"class":548},[44,48574,127],{"class":58},[44,48576,633],{"class":583},[44,48578,47215],{"class":587},[44,48580,633],{"class":583},[44,48582,66],{"class":58},[44,48584,69],{"class":62},[44,48586,556],{"class":58},[20,48588,48589],{},"Not correct:",[35,48591,48593],{"className":37,"code":48592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48594,48595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48596,48597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48598,48592],{"class":1992},[20,48600,48601,48602,9224,48604,48606],{},"That causes a ",[15,48603,3628],{},[15,48605,48437],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,48608,48610],{"id":48609},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48612,48613,48614,48616,48617,2495,48619,120],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48615,3502],{}," are ",[15,48618,41327],{},[15,48620,3628],{},[1044,48622,48623],{"id":42136},[15,48624,41327],{},[20,48626,48627],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48629,295],{},[35,48631,48633],{"className":37,"code":48632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48634,48635,48641,48659,48671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48636,48637,48639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48638,30423],{"class":4496},[44,48640,7011],{"class":58},[44,48642,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48644,8690],{"class":139},[44,48646,127],{"class":58},[44,48648,2816],{"class":548},[44,48650,127],{"class":58},[44,48652,633],{"class":583},[44,48654,40766],{"class":587},[44,48656,633],{"class":583},[44,48658,556],{"class":58},[44,48660,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48662,30454],{"class":4496},[44,48664,42549],{"class":548},[44,48666,47981],{"class":4496},[44,48668,47984],{"class":50},[44,48670,7011],{"class":58},[44,48672,48673,48675,48677,48679],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48674,8690],{"class":139},[44,48676,127],{"class":58},[44,48678,48013],{"class":123},[44,48680,133],{"class":58},[20,48682,150],{},[35,48684,48686],{"className":37,"code":48685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48687,48688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48689,48690,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48691,48692],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,48694,6576],{"class":4496},[44,48696,45899],{"class":548},[44,48698,7984],{"class":58},[44,48700,48049],{"class":4496},[44,48702,48052],{"class":50},[44,48704,2958],{"class":62},[44,48706,1598],{"class":58},[44,48708,584],{"class":583},[44,48710,40766],{"class":587},[44,48712,30319],{"class":583},[20,48714,48715,48716,48719,48720,48722],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48717,48718],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48721,3502],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,48724,48726],{"className":37,"code":48725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48727,48728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48729,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48731,140],{"class":139},[44,48733,127],{"class":58},[44,48735,2816],{"class":548},[44,48737,127],{"class":58},[44,48739,2820],{"class":548},[44,48741,127],{"class":58},[44,48743,633],{"class":583},[44,48745,40766],{"class":587},[44,48747,633],{"class":583},[44,48749,2432],{"class":58},[20,48751,150],{},[35,48753,48754],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48755,48756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48757,48758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48759,47240],{"class":62},[20,48761,48762,48763,2495,48766,120],{},"If you see this often, read ",[176,48764,48765],{"href":3585},"how to convert string to int in Python",[176,48767,26298,48768],{"href":46539},[15,48769,46540],{},[1044,48771,48772],{"id":42202},[15,48773,3628],{},[20,48775,48776],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48778,295],{},[35,48780,48782],{"className":37,"code":48781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48783,48784,48790,48804,48817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48785,48786,48788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48787,30423],{"class":4496},[44,48789,7011],{"class":58},[44,48791,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800,48802],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48793,8690],{"class":139},[44,48795,127],{"class":58},[44,48797,2816],{"class":548},[44,48799,127],{"class":58},[44,48801,4398],{"class":4471},[44,48803,556],{"class":58},[44,48805,48806,48808,48811,48813,48815],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48807,30454],{"class":4496},[44,48809,48810],{"class":548}," TypeError",[44,48812,47981],{"class":4496},[44,48814,47984],{"class":50},[44,48816,7011],{"class":58},[44,48818,48819,48821,48823,48825],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48820,8690],{"class":139},[44,48822,127],{"class":58},[44,48824,48013],{"class":123},[44,48826,133],{"class":58},[20,48828,150],{},[35,48830,48832],{"className":37,"code":48831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48833,48834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48835,48836,48838,48840,48843,48845,48847,48850,48852,48855,48857,48860,48862,48864,48866,48868,48871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48837,2816],{"class":548},[44,48839,7984],{"class":58},[44,48841,48842],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,48844,66],{"class":58},[44,48846,45168],{"class":50},[44,48848,48849],{"class":548},"bytes",[44,48851,1316],{"class":54},[44,48853,48854],{"class":50},"like ",[44,48856,43022],{"class":548},[44,48858,48859],{"class":54}," or",[44,48861,41463],{"class":50},[44,48863,66],{"class":58},[44,48865,8721],{"class":54},[44,48867,584],{"class":583},[44,48869,48870],{"class":587},"NoneType",[44,48872,30319],{"class":583},[20,48874,48875,48876,48878],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48877,48437],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,48880,48882],{"className":37,"code":48881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48883,48884,48890,48908,48920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48885,48886,48888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48887,30423],{"class":4496},[44,48889,7011],{"class":58},[44,48891,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,48893,8690],{"class":139},[44,48895,127],{"class":58},[44,48897,2816],{"class":548},[44,48899,127],{"class":58},[44,48901,47215],{"class":62},[44,48903,66],{"class":58},[44,48905,69],{"class":62},[44,48907,556],{"class":58},[44,48909,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,48911,30454],{"class":4496},[44,48913,48810],{"class":548},[44,48915,47981],{"class":4496},[44,48917,47984],{"class":50},[44,48919,7011],{"class":58},[44,48921,48922,48924,48926,48928],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,48923,8690],{"class":139},[44,48925,127],{"class":58},[44,48927,48013],{"class":123},[44,48929,133],{"class":58},[20,48931,150],{},[35,48933,48935],{"className":37,"code":48934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48936,48937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48938,48939,48941,48943,48946,48948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48940,2816],{"class":548},[44,48942,7984],{"class":58},[44,48944,48945],{"class":50}," can",[44,48947,590],{"class":583},[44,48949,48950],{"class":587},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48952,5578,48954],{"id":48953},"when-to-use-int",[15,48955,3502],{},[20,48957,1296,48958,48960],{},[15,48959,3502],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48962,48963],{},"Common uses:",[205,48965,48966,48972,48975,48978],{},[208,48967,48968,48969,48971],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48970,3581],{}," into integers",[208,48973,48974],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[208,48976,48977],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[208,48979,48980,48981,37238],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48982,48437],{},[20,48984,48985],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48987,48989],{"className":37,"code":48988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48990,48991,49005,49020,49024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48992,48993,48996,48998,49000,49003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48994,48995],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48997,55],{"class":54},[44,48999,643],{"class":583},[44,49001,49002],{"class":587},"18",[44,49004,3979],{"class":583},[44,49006,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49018],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49008,22246],{"class":50},[44,49010,55],{"class":54},[44,49012,45899],{"class":548},[44,49014,127],{"class":58},[44,49016,49017],{"class":123},"age_text",[44,49019,133],{"class":58},[44,49021,49022],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49023,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49025,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49027,140],{"class":139},[44,49029,127],{"class":58},[44,49031,22246],{"class":123},[44,49033,2689],{"class":54},[44,49035,2212],{"class":62},[44,49037,133],{"class":58},[20,49039,150],{},[35,49041,49043],{"className":37,"code":49042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,49044,49045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49046,49047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49048,49042],{"class":62},[30,49050,3454],{"id":3453},[20,49052,15351,49053,120],{},[15,49054,3502],{},[1044,49056,49058],{"id":49057},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,49060,49061],{},"This fails:",[35,49063,49065],{"className":37,"code":49064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,49066,49067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49068,49069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49070,49064],{"class":1992},[20,49072,49073,49074,49077],{},"Why: ",[15,49075,49076],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,49079,19459],{},[35,49081,49083],{"className":37,"code":49082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,49084,49085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49086,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49088,140],{"class":139},[44,49090,127],{"class":58},[44,49092,2816],{"class":548},[44,49094,127],{"class":58},[44,49096,2820],{"class":548},[44,49098,127],{"class":58},[44,49100,633],{"class":583},[44,49102,41746],{"class":587},[44,49104,633],{"class":583},[44,49106,2432],{"class":58},[1044,49108,49110],{"id":49109},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,49112,49061],{},[35,49114,49116],{"className":37,"code":49115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,49117,49118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49119,49120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49121,49115],{"class":1992},[20,49123,49124],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1044,49126,49128,49129],{"id":49127},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49130,49131],{},"int(None)",[20,49133,49134,49135,49137],{},"This fails because ",[15,49136,4398],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,49139,49141],{"className":37,"code":49140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49142,49143,49152,49156,49162,49176,49188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49144,49145,49147,49149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49146,3075],{"class":50},[44,49148,55],{"class":54},[44,49150,49151],{"class":4471}," None\n",[44,49153,49154],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49155,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49157,49158,49160],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49159,30423],{"class":4496},[44,49161,7011],{"class":58},[44,49163,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49165,8690],{"class":139},[44,49167,127],{"class":58},[44,49169,2816],{"class":548},[44,49171,127],{"class":58},[44,49173,3100],{"class":123},[44,49175,556],{"class":58},[44,49177,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,49179,30454],{"class":4496},[44,49181,48810],{"class":548},[44,49183,47981],{"class":4496},[44,49185,47984],{"class":50},[44,49187,7011],{"class":58},[44,49189,49190,49192,49194,49196],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,49191,8690],{"class":139},[44,49193,127],{"class":58},[44,49195,48013],{"class":123},[44,49197,133],{"class":58},[1044,49199,49201],{"id":49200},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49203,49061],{},[35,49205,49206],{"className":37,"code":48592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49207,49208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49209,49210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49211,48592],{"class":1992},[20,49213,49214],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,49216,49217],{"className":37,"code":48445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49218,49219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49220,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49222,140],{"class":139},[44,49224,127],{"class":58},[44,49226,2816],{"class":548},[44,49228,127],{"class":58},[44,49230,633],{"class":583},[44,49232,47215],{"class":587},[44,49234,633],{"class":583},[44,49236,66],{"class":58},[44,49238,69],{"class":62},[44,49240,556],{"class":58},[1044,49242,9075,49244,49246],{"id":49243},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49245,3502],{}," to round",[20,49248,49249],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,49251,49253],{"className":37,"code":49252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49254,49255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49256,49257,49259,49261,49263,49265,49268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49258,140],{"class":139},[44,49260,127],{"class":58},[44,49262,2816],{"class":548},[44,49264,127],{"class":58},[44,49266,49267],{"class":62},"4.9",[44,49269,556],{"class":58},[20,49271,150],{},[35,49273,49275],{"className":37,"code":49274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,49276,49277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49278,49279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49280,49274],{"class":62},[20,49282,3793,49283,49285,49286,49288],{},[15,49284,357],{},", remember that ",[15,49287,3502],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,49290,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,49292,2482,49294,49296],{"id":49293},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49295,3502],{}," round numbers?",[20,49298,46988,49299,49301],{},[15,49300,3502],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1044,49303,5776,49305,49308],{"id":49304},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49306,49307],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49310,29680,49311,49313,49314,49316,49317,40552],{},[15,49312,48718],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49315,3508],{}," first, then use ",[15,49318,3502],{},[1044,49320,5760,49322,13332],{"id":49321},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49323,49324],{},"int(True)",[20,49326,5766,49327,28933,49329,42778,49331,120],{},[15,49328,63],{},[15,49330,4294],{},[15,49332,2748],{},[1044,49334,49336],{"id":49335},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49338,49339],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,49341,2528],{"id":2527},[205,49343,49344,49350,49356,49362,49367,49371,49377],{},[208,49345,49346],{},[176,49347,49348,4130],{"href":3505},[15,49349,3508],{},[208,49351,49352],{},[176,49353,49354,4130],{"href":42798},[15,49355,48307],{},[208,49357,49358],{},[176,49359,49360,4130],{"href":6398},[15,49361,4431],{},[208,49363,49364],{},[176,49365,49366],{"href":3585},"How to convert string to int in Python",[208,49368,49369],{},[176,49370,9680],{"href":9602},[208,49372,49373],{},[176,49374,49375,4130],{"href":8841},[15,49376,3581],{},[208,49378,49379],{},[176,49380,30966,49381],{"href":46539},[15,49382,46540],{},[2554,49384,49385],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":49387},[49388,49389,49391,49395,49400,49402,49404,49409,49413,49415,49424,49433],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":47252,"depth":85,"text":49390},"What int() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":49392},[49393,49394],{"id":47443,"depth":109,"text":47446},{"id":47543,"depth":109,"text":47546},{"id":47679,"depth":85,"text":49396,"children":49397},"Using int() with strings",[49398,49399],{"id":47801,"depth":109,"text":47802},{"id":47889,"depth":109,"text":47890},{"id":48164,"depth":85,"text":49401},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48310,"depth":85,"text":49403},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48430,"depth":85,"text":48431,"children":49405},[49406,49407,49408],{"id":48441,"depth":109,"text":48442},{"id":48510,"depth":109,"text":48511},{"id":48551,"depth":109,"text":48552},{"id":48609,"depth":85,"text":48610,"children":49410},[49411,49412],{"id":42136,"depth":109,"text":41327},{"id":42202,"depth":109,"text":3628},{"id":48953,"depth":85,"text":49414},"When to use int()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":49416},[49417,49418,49419,49421,49422],{"id":49057,"depth":109,"text":49058},{"id":49109,"depth":109,"text":49110},{"id":49127,"depth":109,"text":49420},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49200,"depth":109,"text":49201},{"id":49243,"depth":109,"text":49423},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":49425},[49426,49428,49430,49432],{"id":49293,"depth":109,"text":49427},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49304,"depth":109,"text":49429},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49321,"depth":109,"text":49431},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49335,"depth":109,"text":49336},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42719,"description":49434},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49441,"title":49442,"body":49443,"description":51279,"extension":2593,"meta":51280,"navigation":364,"path":45426,"seo":51281,"stem":51282,"__hash__":51283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49444,"toc":51235},[49445,49450,49455,49463,49472,49474,49533,49539,49544,49549,49552,49580,49583,49586,49597,49607,49609,49611,49631,49635,49663,49665,49704,49706,49714,49716,49719,49723,49776,49778,49790,49794,49851,49853,49865,49871,49877,49881,49884,49887,49953,49955,49967,49973,49975,50027,50030,50071,50074,50081,50090,50096,50099,50132,50138,50141,50172,50178,50181,50193,50197,50202,50206,50364,50366,50381,50384,50388,50492,50494,50511,50515,50576,50578,50586,50589,50593,50660,50662,50671,50677,50679,50688,50690,50725,50730,50732,50762,50766,50768,50805,50808,50810,50847,50853,50855,50905,50907,50915,50925,50931,50935,50940,50989,50991,51004,51007,51009,51012,51087,51090,51109,51112,51142,51152,51154,51159,51166,51172,51178,51185,51193,51199,51202,51204,51232],[10,49446,4197,49448,4201],{"id":49447},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49449,45429],{},[20,49451,49452,49454],{},[15,49453,45429],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49456,49457,49458,428,49460,49462],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49459,4226],{},[15,49461,4294],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49464,49465,49466,49468,49469,49471],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49467,45429],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49470,2929],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,49473,33],{"id":32},[35,49475,49477],{"className":37,"code":49476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49478,49479,49487,49491,49512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49480,49481,49483,49485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49482,3075],{"class":50},[44,49484,55],{"class":54},[44,49486,3211],{"class":62},[44,49488,49489],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49490,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49492,49493,49495,49497,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49494,140],{"class":139},[44,49496,127],{"class":58},[44,49498,49499],{"class":139},"isinstance",[44,49501,127],{"class":58},[44,49503,3100],{"class":123},[44,49505,66],{"class":58},[44,49507,45899],{"class":548},[44,49509,5979],{"class":58},[44,49511,44478],{"class":1992},[44,49513,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49529,49531],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49515,140],{"class":139},[44,49517,127],{"class":58},[44,49519,49499],{"class":139},[44,49521,127],{"class":58},[44,49523,3100],{"class":123},[44,49525,66],{"class":58},[44,49527,49528],{"class":548}," str",[44,49530,5979],{"class":58},[44,49532,44495],{"class":1992},[20,49534,1296,49535,49538],{},[15,49536,49537],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,49540,186,49542,189],{"id":49541},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49543,45429],{},[20,49545,49546,49548],{},[15,49547,45429],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49550,49551],{},"It:",[205,49553,49554,49557,49563,49566],{},[208,49555,49556],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[208,49558,12041,49559,428,49561],{},[15,49560,4226],{},[15,49562,4294],{},[208,49564,49565],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[208,49567,49568,49569,2817,49571,2817,49573,2817,49575,17691,49578],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49570,4064],{},[15,49572,2816],{},[15,49574,8715],{},[15,49576,49577],{},"tuple",[15,49579,9443],{},[20,49581,49582],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49584,49585],{},"For example, you might want to:",[205,49587,49588,49591,49594],{},[208,49589,49590],{},"loop through a list",[208,49592,49593],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[208,49595,49596],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49598,49599,49600,428,49603,120],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[176,49601,45421],{"href":49602},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[176,49604,49606],{"href":49605},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,49608,234],{"id":233},[20,49610,2787],{},[35,49612,49614],{"className":37,"code":49613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49615,49616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49617,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49619,49499],{"class":139},[44,49621,127],{"class":58},[44,49623,43022],{"class":548},[44,49625,66],{"class":58},[44,49627,49628],{"class":123}," classinfo",[44,49630,133],{"class":58},[1044,49632,49634],{"id":49633},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[205,49636,49637,49642,49656],{},[208,49638,49639,49641],{},[15,49640,43022],{}," is the value you want to test",[208,49643,49644,49647,49648,2817,49650,2817,49652,2821,49654],{},[15,49645,49646],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49649,2816],{},[15,49651,4064],{},[15,49653,8715],{},[15,49655,9443],{},[208,49657,49658,49659,428,49661],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49660,4226],{},[15,49662,4294],{},[20,49664,295],{},[35,49666,49668],{"className":37,"code":49667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49669,49670,49682,49686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49671,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49673,8497],{"class":50},[44,49675,55],{"class":54},[44,49677,643],{"class":583},[44,49679,12125],{"class":587},[44,49681,3979],{"class":583},[44,49683,49684],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49685,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49687,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700,49702],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49689,140],{"class":139},[44,49691,127],{"class":58},[44,49693,49499],{"class":139},[44,49695,127],{"class":58},[44,49697,8287],{"class":123},[44,49699,66],{"class":58},[44,49701,49528],{"class":548},[44,49703,556],{"class":58},[20,49705,150],{},[35,49707,49708],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49709,49710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49711,49712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49713,4601],{"class":4471},[30,49715,613],{"id":612},[20,49717,49718],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1044,49720,49722],{"id":49721},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,49724,49726],{"className":37,"code":49725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49727,49728,49736,49740,49758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49729,49730,49732,49734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49731,3075],{"class":50},[44,49733,55],{"class":54},[44,49735,45848],{"class":62},[44,49737,49738],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49739,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49741,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49743,140],{"class":139},[44,49745,127],{"class":58},[44,49747,49499],{"class":139},[44,49749,127],{"class":58},[44,49751,3100],{"class":123},[44,49753,66],{"class":58},[44,49755,45899],{"class":548},[44,49757,556],{"class":58},[44,49759,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49761,140],{"class":139},[44,49763,127],{"class":58},[44,49765,49499],{"class":139},[44,49767,127],{"class":58},[44,49769,3100],{"class":123},[44,49771,66],{"class":58},[44,49773,49528],{"class":548},[44,49775,556],{"class":58},[20,49777,150],{},[35,49779,49780],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49781,49782,49786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49783,49784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49785,4601],{"class":4471},[44,49787,49788],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49789,4662],{"class":4471},[1044,49791,49793],{"id":49792},"check-text","Check text",[35,49795,49797],{"className":37,"code":49796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49798,49799,49811,49815,49833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49800,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49802,35307],{"class":50},[44,49804,55],{"class":54},[44,49806,643],{"class":583},[44,49808,4464],{"class":587},[44,49810,3979],{"class":583},[44,49812,49813],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49814,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49816,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49818,140],{"class":139},[44,49820,127],{"class":58},[44,49822,49499],{"class":139},[44,49824,127],{"class":58},[44,49826,35328],{"class":123},[44,49828,66],{"class":58},[44,49830,49528],{"class":548},[44,49832,556],{"class":58},[44,49834,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49836,140],{"class":139},[44,49838,127],{"class":58},[44,49840,49499],{"class":139},[44,49842,127],{"class":58},[44,49844,35328],{"class":123},[44,49846,66],{"class":58},[44,49848,45899],{"class":548},[44,49850,556],{"class":58},[20,49852,150],{},[35,49854,49855],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49856,49857,49861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49858,49859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49860,4601],{"class":4471},[44,49862,49863],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49864,4662],{"class":4471},[20,49866,49867,49868,49870],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49869,45429],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49872,49873,49874,120],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[176,49875,49876],{"href":3585},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,49878,49880],{"id":49879},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49882,49883],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49885,49886],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,49888,49890],{"className":37,"code":49889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49891,49892,49901,49905,49929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49893,49894,49896,49898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49895,3075],{"class":50},[44,49897,55],{"class":54},[44,49899,49900],{"class":62}," 3.5\n",[44,49902,49903],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49904,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49906,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49908,140],{"class":139},[44,49910,127],{"class":58},[44,49912,49499],{"class":139},[44,49914,127],{"class":58},[44,49916,3100],{"class":123},[44,49918,66],{"class":58},[44,49920,9859],{"class":58},[44,49922,2816],{"class":548},[44,49924,66],{"class":58},[44,49926,40878],{"class":548},[44,49928,2432],{"class":58},[44,49930,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,49932,140],{"class":139},[44,49934,127],{"class":58},[44,49936,49499],{"class":139},[44,49938,127],{"class":58},[44,49940,3100],{"class":123},[44,49942,66],{"class":58},[44,49944,9859],{"class":58},[44,49946,4064],{"class":548},[44,49948,66],{"class":58},[44,49950,23177],{"class":548},[44,49952,2432],{"class":58},[20,49954,150],{},[35,49956,49957],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49958,49959,49963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49960,49961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49962,4601],{"class":4471},[44,49964,49965],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49966,4662],{"class":4471},[20,49968,49969,49970,49972],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49971,41460],{}," conditions.",[20,49974,8920],{},[35,49976,49978],{"className":37,"code":49977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49979,49980,49988,49992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49981,49982,49984,49986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49983,3075],{"class":50},[44,49985,55],{"class":54},[44,49987,49900],{"class":62},[44,49989,49990],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,49991,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,49993,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023,50025],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,49995,140],{"class":139},[44,49997,127],{"class":58},[44,49999,549],{"class":548},[44,50001,127],{"class":58},[44,50003,3100],{"class":123},[44,50005,4281],{"class":58},[44,50007,7026],{"class":54},[44,50009,45899],{"class":548},[44,50011,48859],{"class":4496},[44,50013,50014],{"class":548}," type",[44,50016,127],{"class":58},[44,50018,3100],{"class":123},[44,50020,4281],{"class":58},[44,50022,7026],{"class":54},[44,50024,40878],{"class":548},[44,50026,133],{"class":58},[20,50028,50029],{},"you can write this:",[35,50031,50033],{"className":37,"code":50032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50034,50035,50043,50047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50036,50037,50039,50041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50038,3075],{"class":50},[44,50040,55],{"class":54},[44,50042,49900],{"class":62},[44,50044,50045],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50046,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50048,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50050,140],{"class":139},[44,50052,127],{"class":58},[44,50054,49499],{"class":139},[44,50056,127],{"class":58},[44,50058,3100],{"class":123},[44,50060,66],{"class":58},[44,50062,9859],{"class":58},[44,50064,2816],{"class":548},[44,50066,66],{"class":58},[44,50068,40878],{"class":548},[44,50070,2432],{"class":58},[20,50072,50073],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,50075,50077,1036,50079],{"id":50076},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,50078,45429],{},[15,50080,2929],{},[20,50082,11209,50083,2495,50085,50089],{},[15,50084,45429],{},[176,50086,50087],{"href":2926},[15,50088,2929],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1044,50091,50093],{"id":50092},"typevalue-int",[15,50094,50095],{},"type(value) == int",[20,50097,50098],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,50100,50102],{"className":37,"code":50101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,50103,50104,50112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50105,50106,50108,50110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50107,3075],{"class":50},[44,50109,55],{"class":54},[44,50111,3211],{"class":62},[44,50113,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50115,140],{"class":139},[44,50117,127],{"class":58},[44,50119,549],{"class":548},[44,50121,127],{"class":58},[44,50123,3100],{"class":123},[44,50125,4281],{"class":58},[44,50127,7026],{"class":54},[44,50129,45899],{"class":548},[44,50131,133],{"class":58},[1044,50133,50135],{"id":50134},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50136,50137],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50139,50140],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,50142,50144],{"className":37,"code":50143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50145,50146,50154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50147,50148,50150,50152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50149,3075],{"class":50},[44,50151,55],{"class":54},[44,50153,3211],{"class":62},[44,50155,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50157,140],{"class":139},[44,50159,127],{"class":58},[44,50161,49499],{"class":139},[44,50163,127],{"class":58},[44,50165,3100],{"class":123},[44,50167,66],{"class":58},[44,50169,45899],{"class":548},[44,50171,556],{"class":58},[20,50173,50174,50175,50177],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50176,45429],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50179,50180],{},"In everyday code:",[205,50182,50183,50188],{},[208,50184,40613,50185,50187],{},[15,50186,2929],{}," when you need the exact type",[208,50189,40613,50190,50192],{},[15,50191,45429],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,50194,50196],{"id":50195},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50198,50199,50200,120],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50201,45429],{},[1044,50203,50205],{"id":50204},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,50207,50209],{"className":37,"code":50208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50210,50211,50229,50248,50260,50265,50283,50294,50298,50310,50314,50338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50212,50213,50215,50218,50220,50222,50224,50227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50214,35471],{"class":579},[44,50216,50217],{"class":35474}," repeat_text",[44,50219,127],{"class":58},[44,50221,35328],{"class":38284},[44,50223,66],{"class":58},[44,50225,50226],{"class":38284}," count",[44,50228,8964],{"class":58},[44,50230,50231,50233,50235,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50232,7016],{"class":4496},[44,50234,8721],{"class":54},[44,50236,50237],{"class":139}," isinstance",[44,50239,127],{"class":58},[44,50241,35328],{"class":123},[44,50243,66],{"class":58},[44,50245,49528],{"class":548},[44,50247,8964],{"class":58},[44,50249,50250,50253,50255,50258],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50251,50252],{"class":4496},"        return",[44,50254,643],{"class":583},[44,50256,50257],{"class":587},"text must be a string",[44,50259,3979],{"class":583},[44,50261,50262],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50263,50264],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,50266,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,50268,7016],{"class":4496},[44,50270,8721],{"class":54},[44,50272,50237],{"class":139},[44,50274,127],{"class":58},[44,50276,41882],{"class":123},[44,50278,66],{"class":58},[44,50280,45899],{"class":548},[44,50282,8964],{"class":58},[44,50284,50285,50287,50289,50292],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,50286,50252],{"class":4496},[44,50288,643],{"class":583},[44,50290,50291],{"class":587},"count must be an integer",[44,50293,3979],{"class":583},[44,50295,50296],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,50297,50264],{"class":50},[44,50299,50300,50302,50305,50307],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,50301,35482],{"class":4496},[44,50303,50304],{"class":50}," text ",[44,50306,40495],{"class":54},[44,50308,50309],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,50311,50312],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,50313,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50315,50316,50318,50320,50323,50325,50327,50330,50332,50334,50336],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,50317,140],{"class":139},[44,50319,127],{"class":58},[44,50321,50322],{"class":123},"repeat_text",[44,50324,127],{"class":58},[44,50326,633],{"class":583},[44,50328,50329],{"class":587},"Hi ",[44,50331,633],{"class":583},[44,50333,66],{"class":58},[44,50335,74],{"class":62},[44,50337,556],{"class":58},[44,50339,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362],{"class":46,"line":12211},[44,50341,140],{"class":139},[44,50343,127],{"class":58},[44,50345,50322],{"class":123},[44,50347,127],{"class":58},[44,50349,633],{"class":583},[44,50351,50329],{"class":587},[44,50353,633],{"class":583},[44,50355,66],{"class":58},[44,50357,643],{"class":583},[44,50359,95],{"class":587},[44,50361,633],{"class":583},[44,50363,556],{"class":58},[20,50365,150],{},[35,50367,50369],{"className":37,"code":50368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50370,50371,50376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50372,50373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50374,50375],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,50377,50378],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50379,50380],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50382,50383],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1044,50385,50387],{"id":50386},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,50389,50391],{"className":37,"code":50390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50392,50393,50425,50429,50445,50460,50477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50394,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419,50421,50423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50396,3075],{"class":50},[44,50398,55],{"class":54},[44,50400,1954],{"class":58},[44,50402,633],{"class":583},[44,50404,176],{"class":587},[44,50406,633],{"class":583},[44,50408,66],{"class":58},[44,50410,643],{"class":583},[44,50412,130],{"class":587},[44,50414,633],{"class":583},[44,50416,66],{"class":58},[44,50418,643],{"class":583},[44,50420,431],{"class":587},[44,50422,633],{"class":583},[44,50424,1967],{"class":58},[44,50426,50427],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50428,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50430,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50432,7615],{"class":4496},[44,50434,50237],{"class":139},[44,50436,127],{"class":58},[44,50438,3100],{"class":123},[44,50440,66],{"class":58},[44,50442,49528],{"class":548},[44,50444,8964],{"class":58},[44,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50456,50458],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50448,8690],{"class":139},[44,50450,127],{"class":58},[44,50452,633],{"class":583},[44,50454,50455],{"class":587},"This is text",[44,50457,633],{"class":583},[44,50459,133],{"class":58},[44,50461,50462,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,50463,50464],{"class":4496},"elif",[44,50466,50237],{"class":139},[44,50468,127],{"class":58},[44,50470,3100],{"class":123},[44,50472,66],{"class":58},[44,50474,23177],{"class":548},[44,50476,8964],{"class":58},[44,50478,50479,50481,50483,50485,50488,50490],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,50480,8690],{"class":139},[44,50482,127],{"class":58},[44,50484,633],{"class":583},[44,50486,50487],{"class":587},"This is a list",[44,50489,633],{"class":583},[44,50491,133],{"class":58},[20,50493,150],{},[35,50495,50497],{"className":37,"code":50496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,50498,50499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50500,50501,50504,50506,50508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50502,50503],{"class":50},"This ",[44,50505,12810],{"class":54},[44,50507,45168],{"class":50},[44,50509,50510],{"class":548},"list\n",[1044,50512,50514],{"id":50513},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,50516,50518],{"className":37,"code":50517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50519,50520,50532,50536,50552,50566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50521,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50523,3075],{"class":50},[44,50525,55],{"class":54},[44,50527,643],{"class":583},[44,50529,47149],{"class":587},[44,50531,3979],{"class":583},[44,50533,50534],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50535,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50537,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50539,7615],{"class":4496},[44,50541,50237],{"class":139},[44,50543,127],{"class":58},[44,50545,3100],{"class":123},[44,50547,66],{"class":58},[44,50549,49528],{"class":548},[44,50551,8964],{"class":58},[44,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50555,42513],{"class":50},[44,50557,55],{"class":54},[44,50559,45899],{"class":548},[44,50561,127],{"class":58},[44,50563,3100],{"class":123},[44,50565,133],{"class":58},[44,50567,50568,50570,50572,50574],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,50569,8690],{"class":139},[44,50571,127],{"class":58},[44,50573,2867],{"class":123},[44,50575,133],{"class":58},[20,50577,150],{},[35,50579,50580],{"className":37,"code":47235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50581,50582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50583,50584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50585,47235],{"class":62},[20,50587,50588],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1044,50590,50592],{"id":50591},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,50594,50596],{"className":37,"code":50595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50597,50598,50622,50626,50642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50599,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50601,3075],{"class":50},[44,50603,55],{"class":54},[44,50605,59],{"class":58},[44,50607,633],{"class":583},[44,50609,8287],{"class":587},[44,50611,633],{"class":583},[44,50613,1598],{"class":58},[44,50615,643],{"class":583},[44,50617,13497],{"class":587},[44,50619,633],{"class":583},[44,50621,82],{"class":58},[44,50623,50624],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50625,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50627,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50629,7615],{"class":4496},[44,50631,50237],{"class":139},[44,50633,127],{"class":58},[44,50635,3100],{"class":123},[44,50637,66],{"class":58},[44,50639,9793],{"class":548},[44,50641,8964],{"class":58},[44,50643,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50645,8690],{"class":139},[44,50647,127],{"class":58},[44,50649,3100],{"class":123},[44,50651,4521],{"class":58},[44,50653,633],{"class":583},[44,50655,8287],{"class":587},[44,50657,633],{"class":583},[44,50659,4509],{"class":58},[20,50661,150],{},[35,50663,50665],{"className":37,"code":50664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,50666,50667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50668,50669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50670,50664],{"class":50},[20,50672,50673,50674,50676],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50675,3628],{}," messages later.",[30,50678,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,50680,50682,50683,11711,50686],{"id":50681},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50684,50685],{},"\"int\"",[15,50687,2816],{},[20,50689,17262],{},[35,50691,50693],{"className":37,"code":50692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50694,50695,50703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50696,50697,50699,50701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50698,3075],{"class":50},[44,50700,55],{"class":54},[44,50702,3211],{"class":62},[44,50704,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50706,140],{"class":139},[44,50708,127],{"class":58},[44,50710,49499],{"class":139},[44,50712,127],{"class":58},[44,50714,3100],{"class":123},[44,50716,66],{"class":58},[44,50718,643],{"class":583},[44,50720,2816],{"class":587},[44,50722,633],{"class":583},[44,50724,556],{"class":58},[20,50726,50727,50729],{},[15,50728,50685],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50731,17274],{},[35,50733,50734],{"className":37,"code":50143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50735,50736,50744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50737,50738,50740,50742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50739,3075],{"class":50},[44,50741,55],{"class":54},[44,50743,3211],{"class":62},[44,50745,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50747,140],{"class":139},[44,50749,127],{"class":58},[44,50751,49499],{"class":139},[44,50753,127],{"class":58},[44,50755,3100],{"class":123},[44,50757,66],{"class":58},[44,50759,45899],{"class":548},[44,50761,556],{"class":58},[1044,50763,50765],{"id":50764},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50767,17262],{},[35,50769,50771],{"className":37,"code":50770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50772,50773,50781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50774,50775,50777,50779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50776,3075],{"class":50},[44,50778,55],{"class":54},[44,50780,35462],{"class":62},[44,50782,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50784,140],{"class":139},[44,50786,127],{"class":58},[44,50788,49499],{"class":139},[44,50790,127],{"class":58},[44,50792,3100],{"class":123},[44,50794,66],{"class":58},[44,50796,1954],{"class":58},[44,50798,2816],{"class":548},[44,50800,66],{"class":58},[44,50802,40878],{"class":548},[44,50804,3622],{"class":58},[20,50806,50807],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50809,17274],{},[35,50811,50813],{"className":37,"code":50812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50814,50815,50823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50816,50817,50819,50821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50818,3075],{"class":50},[44,50820,55],{"class":54},[44,50822,35462],{"class":62},[44,50824,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50826,140],{"class":139},[44,50828,127],{"class":58},[44,50830,49499],{"class":139},[44,50832,127],{"class":58},[44,50834,3100],{"class":123},[44,50836,66],{"class":58},[44,50838,9859],{"class":58},[44,50840,2816],{"class":548},[44,50842,66],{"class":58},[44,50844,40878],{"class":548},[44,50846,2432],{"class":58},[1044,50848,26393,50850,50852],{"id":50849},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50851,45429],{}," converts a value",[20,50854,19532],{},[35,50856,50858],{"className":37,"code":50857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50859,50860,50873,50891,50895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50861,50862,50864,50866,50868,50871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50863,3075],{"class":50},[44,50865,55],{"class":54},[44,50867,643],{"class":583},[44,50869,50870],{"class":587},"123",[44,50872,3979],{"class":583},[44,50874,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50876,112],{"class":50},[44,50878,55],{"class":54},[44,50880,50237],{"class":139},[44,50882,127],{"class":58},[44,50884,3100],{"class":123},[44,50886,66],{"class":58},[44,50888,45899],{"class":548},[44,50890,133],{"class":58},[44,50892,50893],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50894,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50896,50897,50899,50901,50903],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50898,140],{"class":139},[44,50900,127],{"class":58},[44,50902,145],{"class":123},[44,50904,133],{"class":58},[20,50906,150],{},[35,50908,50909],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50910,50911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50912,50913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50914,4662],{"class":4471},[20,50916,50917,50918,50921,50922,50924],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50919,50920],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50923,50870],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50926,50927,50928,7248],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50929,50930],{},"int(value)",[1044,50932,50934],{"id":50933},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50936,50937,50939],{},[15,50938,45429],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,50941,50943],{"className":37,"code":50942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50944,50945,50957,50961,50979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50946,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50948,3075],{"class":50},[44,50950,55],{"class":54},[44,50952,643],{"class":583},[44,50954,14175],{"class":587},[44,50956,3979],{"class":583},[44,50958,50959],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,50960,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,50962,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,50964,140],{"class":139},[44,50966,127],{"class":58},[44,50968,49499],{"class":139},[44,50970,127],{"class":58},[44,50972,3100],{"class":123},[44,50974,66],{"class":58},[44,50976,49528],{"class":548},[44,50978,556],{"class":58},[44,50980,50981,50983,50985,50987],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,50982,140],{"class":139},[44,50984,127],{"class":58},[44,50986,3100],{"class":123},[44,50988,133],{"class":58},[20,50990,150],{},[35,50992,50994],{"className":37,"code":50993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50995,50996,51000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50997,50998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50999,4601],{"class":4471},[44,51001,51002],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51003,47886],{"class":62},[20,51005,51006],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,51008,26561],{"id":26560},[20,51010,51011],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,51013,51015],{"className":37,"code":51014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,51016,51017,51031,51049,51073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51018,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51020,140],{"class":139},[44,51022,127],{"class":58},[44,51024,549],{"class":548},[44,51026,127],{"class":58},[44,51028,3100],{"class":123},[44,51030,556],{"class":58},[44,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51034,140],{"class":139},[44,51036,127],{"class":58},[44,51038,49499],{"class":139},[44,51040,127],{"class":58},[44,51042,3100],{"class":123},[44,51044,66],{"class":58},[44,51046,45899],{"class":548},[44,51048,556],{"class":58},[44,51050,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,51052,140],{"class":139},[44,51054,127],{"class":58},[44,51056,49499],{"class":139},[44,51058,127],{"class":58},[44,51060,3100],{"class":123},[44,51062,66],{"class":58},[44,51064,9859],{"class":58},[44,51066,2816],{"class":548},[44,51068,66],{"class":58},[44,51070,40878],{"class":548},[44,51072,2432],{"class":58},[44,51074,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083,51085],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,51076,140],{"class":139},[44,51078,127],{"class":58},[44,51080,42402],{"class":139},[44,51082,127],{"class":58},[44,51084,3100],{"class":123},[44,51086,556],{"class":58},[20,51088,51089],{},"These can help when:",[205,51091,51092,51095,51100,51103],{},[208,51093,51094],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[208,51096,51097,51098],{},"you are getting a ",[15,51099,3628],{},[208,51101,51102],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[208,51104,51105,51106,51108],{},"the second argument to ",[15,51107,45429],{}," is invalid",[20,51110,51111],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[205,51113,51114,51128,51134,51139],{},[208,51115,51116,51117,428,51120,51123,51124,428,51126],{},"using ",[15,51118,51119],{},"'int'",[15,51121,51122],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51125,2816],{},[15,51127,4064],{},[208,51129,51130,51131,51133],{},"expecting ",[15,51132,45429],{}," to convert a value",[208,51135,51116,51136,51138],{},[15,51137,2929],{}," when inherited types should also match",[208,51140,51141],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51143,51144,51145,120],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[176,51146,51148,51149],{"href":51147},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,51150,51151],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,51153,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,51155,5760,51157,5763],{"id":51156},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51158,45429],{},[20,51160,5766,51161,51163,51164,120],{},[15,51162,4226],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51165,4294],{},[1044,51167,5788,51169,51171],{"id":51168},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51170,45429],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51173,51174,51175,120],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51176,51177],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1044,51179,2492,51181,2495,51183,1447],{"id":51180},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51182,45429],{},[15,51184,2929],{},[20,51186,51187,51189,51190,51192],{},[15,51188,2929],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51191,45429],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1044,51194,2482,51196,51198],{"id":51195},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51197,45429],{}," convert a value?",[20,51200,51201],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,51203,2528],{"id":2527},[205,51205,51206,51212,51216,51221,51226],{},[208,51207,51208],{},[176,51209,4197,51210,4130],{"href":2926},[15,51211,2929],{},[208,51213,51214],{},[176,51215,45421],{"href":49602},[208,51217,51218],{},[176,51219,51220],{"href":3585},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[208,51222,51223],{},[176,51224,51225],{"href":49605},"What is a data type in Python?",[208,51227,51228],{},[176,51229,51148,51230],{"href":51147},[15,51231,51151],{},[2554,51233,51234],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":51236},[51237,51238,51240,51243,51247,51248,51253,51259,51267,51268,51278],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":49541,"depth":85,"text":51239},"What isinstance() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":51241},[51242],{"id":49633,"depth":109,"text":49634},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613,"children":51244},[51245,51246],{"id":49721,"depth":109,"text":49722},{"id":49792,"depth":109,"text":49793},{"id":49879,"depth":85,"text":49880},{"id":50076,"depth":85,"text":51249,"children":51250},"isinstance() vs type()",[51251,51252],{"id":50092,"depth":109,"text":50095},{"id":50134,"depth":109,"text":50137},{"id":50195,"depth":85,"text":50196,"children":51254},[51255,51256,51257,51258],{"id":50204,"depth":109,"text":50205},{"id":50386,"depth":109,"text":50387},{"id":50513,"depth":109,"text":50514},{"id":50591,"depth":109,"text":50592},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":51260},[51261,51263,51264,51266],{"id":50681,"depth":109,"text":51262},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50764,"depth":109,"text":50765},{"id":50849,"depth":109,"text":51265},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50933,"depth":109,"text":50934},{"id":26560,"depth":85,"text":26561},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":51269},[51270,51272,51274,51276],{"id":51156,"depth":109,"text":51271},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51168,"depth":109,"text":51273},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51180,"depth":109,"text":51275},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51195,"depth":109,"text":51277},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49442,"description":51279},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51285,"title":51286,"body":51287,"description":53260,"extension":2593,"meta":53261,"navigation":364,"path":53262,"seo":53263,"stem":53264,"__hash__":53265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51288,"toc":53235},[51289,51292,51297,51302,51316,51319,51321,51396,51401,51405,51410,51413,51427,51429,51595,51608,51610,51612,51627,51630,51633,51646,51648,51746,51750,51756,51759,51768,51770,51805,51810,51831,51836,51841,51873,51876,51933,51937,51943,51946,51999,52001,52041,52044,52112,52115,52166,52173,52177,52183,52268,52274,52280,52329,52332,52335,52385,52387,52392,52396,52446,52450,52497,52501,52578,52582,52647,52650,52654,52659,52664,52676,52678,52697,52703,52706,52725,52730,52757,52764,52768,52774,52777,52872,52875,52878,52927,52932,52934,52938,52973,52976,53033,53043,53046,53080,53083,53085,53089,53092,53096,53099,53103,53106,53110,53123,53127,53132,53134,53184,53196,53198,53232],[10,51290,51286],{"id":51291},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51293,9745,51294,51296],{},[15,51295,42984],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51298,36026,51299,51301],{},[15,51300,42984],{}," to count:",[205,51303,51304,51307,51310,51313],{},[208,51305,51306],{},"characters in a string",[208,51308,51309],{},"items in a list or tuple",[208,51311,51312],{},"keys in a dictionary",[208,51314,51315],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51317,51318],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,51320,2634],{"id":2633},[35,51322,51324],{"className":37,"code":51323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51325,51326,51338,51358,51362,51379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51327,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51329,35307],{"class":50},[44,51331,55],{"class":54},[44,51333,643],{"class":583},[44,51335,4464],{"class":587},[44,51337,3979],{"class":583},[44,51339,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354,51356],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51341,8399],{"class":50},[44,51343,55],{"class":54},[44,51345,1954],{"class":58},[44,51347,2958],{"class":62},[44,51349,66],{"class":58},[44,51351,8410],{"class":62},[44,51353,66],{"class":58},[44,51355,8415],{"class":62},[44,51357,1967],{"class":58},[44,51359,51360],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,51361,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,51363,51364,51366,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,51365,140],{"class":139},[44,51367,127],{"class":58},[44,51369,2441],{"class":139},[44,51371,127],{"class":58},[44,51373,35328],{"class":123},[44,51375,5979],{"class":58},[44,51377,51378],{"class":1992},"   # 5\n",[44,51380,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,51382,140],{"class":139},[44,51384,127],{"class":58},[44,51386,2441],{"class":139},[44,51388,127],{"class":58},[44,51390,8430],{"class":123},[44,51392,5979],{"class":58},[44,51394,51395],{"class":1992},"  # 3\n",[20,51397,1296,51398,51400],{},[15,51399,42984],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,51402,51404],{"id":51403},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51406,51407,51409],{},[15,51408,42984],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51411,51412],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[205,51414,51415,51418,51421,51424],{},[208,51416,51417],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[208,51419,51420],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[208,51422,51423],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[208,51425,51426],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51428,295],{},[35,51430,51432],{"className":37,"code":51431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51433,51434,51446,51471,51503,51523,51527,51544,51561,51578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51435,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51437,8497],{"class":50},[44,51439,55],{"class":54},[44,51441,643],{"class":583},[44,51443,8296],{"class":587},[44,51445,3979],{"class":583},[44,51447,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51469],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51449,884],{"class":50},[44,51451,55],{"class":54},[44,51453,1954],{"class":58},[44,51455,2958],{"class":62},[44,51457,66],{"class":58},[44,51459,8410],{"class":62},[44,51461,66],{"class":58},[44,51463,8415],{"class":62},[44,51465,66],{"class":58},[44,51467,51468],{"class":62}," 40",[44,51470,1967],{"class":58},[44,51472,51473,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,51474,9788],{"class":50},[44,51476,55],{"class":54},[44,51478,59],{"class":58},[44,51480,633],{"class":583},[44,51482,176],{"class":587},[44,51484,633],{"class":583},[44,51486,1598],{"class":58},[44,51488,2212],{"class":62},[44,51490,66],{"class":58},[44,51492,643],{"class":583},[44,51494,130],{"class":587},[44,51496,633],{"class":583},[44,51498,1598],{"class":58},[44,51500,69],{"class":62},[44,51502,82],{"class":58},[44,51504,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,51506,4441],{"class":50},[44,51508,55],{"class":54},[44,51510,59],{"class":58},[44,51512,357],{"class":62},[44,51514,66],{"class":58},[44,51516,911],{"class":62},[44,51518,66],{"class":58},[44,51520,960],{"class":62},[44,51522,82],{"class":58},[44,51524,51525],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,51526,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,51528,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,51530,140],{"class":139},[44,51532,127],{"class":58},[44,51534,2441],{"class":139},[44,51536,127],{"class":58},[44,51538,8287],{"class":123},[44,51540,5979],{"class":58},[44,51542,51543],{"class":1992},"     # 3\n",[44,51545,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,51547,140],{"class":139},[44,51549,127],{"class":58},[44,51551,2441],{"class":139},[44,51553,127],{"class":58},[44,51555,4268],{"class":123},[44,51557,5979],{"class":58},[44,51559,51560],{"class":1992},"  # 4\n",[44,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,51564,140],{"class":139},[44,51566,127],{"class":58},[44,51568,2441],{"class":139},[44,51570,127],{"class":58},[44,51572,9827],{"class":123},[44,51574,5979],{"class":58},[44,51576,51577],{"class":1992},"     # 2\n",[44,51579,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,51581,140],{"class":139},[44,51583,127],{"class":58},[44,51585,2441],{"class":139},[44,51587,127],{"class":58},[44,51589,5976],{"class":123},[44,51591,5979],{"class":58},[44,51593,51594],{"class":1992},"   # 3\n",[20,51596,51597,51598,2817,51602,17691,51606,120],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[176,51599,51601],{"href":51600},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[176,51603,51605],{"href":51604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[176,51607,9778],{"href":9777},[30,51609,234],{"id":233},[20,51611,2787],{},[35,51613,51615],{"className":37,"code":51614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,51616,51617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51618,51619,51621,51623,51625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51620,2441],{"class":139},[44,51622,127],{"class":58},[44,51624,43022],{"class":548},[44,51626,133],{"class":58},[20,51628,51629],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51631,51632],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[205,51634,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643],{},[208,51636,38529],{},[208,51638,38523],{},[208,51640,38526],{},[208,51642,38532],{},[208,51644,51645],{},"a dictionary",[20,51647,295],{},[35,51649,51651],{"className":37,"code":51650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51652,51653,51674,51698,51720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51654,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51656,140],{"class":139},[44,51658,127],{"class":58},[44,51660,2441],{"class":139},[44,51662,127],{"class":58},[44,51664,633],{"class":583},[44,51666,39],{"class":587},[44,51668,633],{"class":583},[44,51670,5979],{"class":58},[44,51672,51673],{"class":1992},"      # 6\n",[44,51675,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51677,140],{"class":139},[44,51679,127],{"class":58},[44,51681,2441],{"class":139},[44,51683,3609],{"class":58},[44,51685,63],{"class":62},[44,51687,66],{"class":58},[44,51689,69],{"class":62},[44,51691,66],{"class":58},[44,51693,74],{"class":62},[44,51695,5352],{"class":58},[44,51697,51543],{"class":1992},[44,51699,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714,51717],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,51701,140],{"class":139},[44,51703,127],{"class":58},[44,51705,2441],{"class":139},[44,51707,6128],{"class":58},[44,51709,2958],{"class":62},[44,51711,66],{"class":58},[44,51713,8410],{"class":62},[44,51715,51716],{"class":58},")))",[44,51718,51719],{"class":1992},"      # 2\n",[44,51721,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,51723,140],{"class":139},[44,51725,127],{"class":58},[44,51727,2441],{"class":139},[44,51729,6147],{"class":58},[44,51731,633],{"class":583},[44,51733,2801],{"class":587},[44,51735,633],{"class":583},[44,51737,1598],{"class":58},[44,51739,2212],{"class":62},[44,51741,51742],{"class":58},"}))",[44,51744,51745],{"class":1992},"      # 1\n",[30,51747,51749],{"id":51748},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51751,51752,51753,51755],{},"When you use ",[15,51754,42984],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51757,51758],{},"That includes:",[205,51760,51761,51763,51765],{},[208,51762,36765],{},[208,51764,11072],{},[208,51766,51767],{},"punctuation",[20,51769,295],{},[35,51771,51773],{"className":37,"code":51772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51774,51775,51788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51776,51777,51779,51781,51783,51786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51778,35307],{"class":50},[44,51780,55],{"class":54},[44,51782,643],{"class":583},[44,51784,51785],{"class":587},"Hi there!",[44,51787,3979],{"class":583},[44,51789,51790,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51791,140],{"class":139},[44,51793,127],{"class":58},[44,51795,2441],{"class":139},[44,51797,127],{"class":58},[44,51799,35328],{"class":123},[44,51801,5979],{"class":58},[44,51803,51804],{"class":1992},"  # 9\n",[20,51806,51807,51808,1447],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51809,2772],{},[205,51811,51812,51818,51822,51825],{},[208,51813,51814,51817],{},[15,51815,51816],{},"H"," = 1",[208,51819,51820,51817],{},[15,51821,36776],{},[208,51823,51824],{},"space = 1",[208,51826,51827,51830],{},[15,51828,51829],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51832,51833,51834],{},"Total: ",[15,51835,2772],{},[20,51837,51838,51839,1598],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51840,2748],{},[35,51842,51844],{"className":37,"code":51843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51845,51846,51855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51847,51848,51851,51853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51849,51850],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,51852,55],{"class":54},[44,51854,8502],{"class":583},[44,51856,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865,51868,51870],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51858,140],{"class":139},[44,51860,127],{"class":58},[44,51862,2441],{"class":139},[44,51864,127],{"class":58},[44,51866,51867],{"class":123},"empty_text",[44,51869,5979],{"class":58},[44,51871,51872],{"class":1992},"  # 0\n",[20,51874,51875],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,51877,51879],{"className":37,"code":51878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51880,51881,51894,51898,51918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51882,51883,51886,51888,51890,51892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51884,51885],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,51887,55],{"class":54},[44,51889,643],{"class":583},[44,51891,5621],{"class":587},[44,51893,3979],{"class":583},[44,51895,51896],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51897,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51909,51911,51914,51916],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,51901,7615],{"class":4496},[44,51903,39008],{"class":139},[44,51905,127],{"class":58},[44,51907,51908],{"class":123},"user_name",[44,51910,4281],{"class":58},[44,51912,51913],{"class":54}," >=",[44,51915,74],{"class":62},[44,51917,7011],{"class":58},[44,51919,51920,51922,51924,51926,51929,51931],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,51921,8690],{"class":139},[44,51923,127],{"class":58},[44,51925,633],{"class":583},[44,51927,51928],{"class":587},"Name is long enough",[44,51930,633],{"class":583},[44,51932,133],{"class":58},[30,51934,51936],{"id":51935},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51938,51939,51940,51942],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51941,42984],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51944,51945],{},"Example with a list:",[35,51947,51949],{"className":37,"code":51948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51950,51951,51983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51952,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51954,13692],{"class":50},[44,51956,55],{"class":54},[44,51958,1954],{"class":58},[44,51960,633],{"class":583},[44,51962,13709],{"class":587},[44,51964,633],{"class":583},[44,51966,66],{"class":58},[44,51968,643],{"class":583},[44,51970,18073],{"class":587},[44,51972,633],{"class":583},[44,51974,66],{"class":58},[44,51976,643],{"class":583},[44,51978,13726],{"class":587},[44,51980,633],{"class":583},[44,51982,1967],{"class":58},[44,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,51986,140],{"class":139},[44,51988,127],{"class":58},[44,51990,2441],{"class":139},[44,51992,127],{"class":58},[44,51994,18120],{"class":123},[44,51996,5979],{"class":58},[44,51998,51395],{"class":1992},[20,52000,38538],{},[35,52002,52004],{"className":37,"code":52003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,52005,52006,52023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52007,52008,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52009,52010],{"class":50},"point ",[44,52012,55],{"class":54},[44,52014,9859],{"class":58},[44,52016,2958],{"class":62},[44,52018,66],{"class":58},[44,52020,8410],{"class":62},[44,52022,133],{"class":58},[44,52024,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033,52036,52038],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52026,140],{"class":139},[44,52028,127],{"class":58},[44,52030,2441],{"class":139},[44,52032,127],{"class":58},[44,52034,52035],{"class":123},"point",[44,52037,5979],{"class":58},[44,52039,52040],{"class":1992},"  # 2\n",[20,52042,52043],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,52045,52047],{"className":37,"code":52046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,52048,52049,52073,52077,52095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52050,52051,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52052,8399],{"class":50},[44,52054,55],{"class":54},[44,52056,1954],{"class":58},[44,52058,633],{"class":583},[44,52060,636],{"class":587},[44,52062,633],{"class":583},[44,52064,66],{"class":58},[44,52066,643],{"class":583},[44,52068,646],{"class":587},[44,52070,633],{"class":583},[44,52072,1967],{"class":58},[44,52074,52075],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52076,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52080,7615],{"class":4496},[44,52082,39008],{"class":139},[44,52084,127],{"class":58},[44,52086,8430],{"class":123},[44,52088,4281],{"class":58},[44,52090,39018],{"class":54},[44,52092,2212],{"class":62},[44,52094,7011],{"class":58},[44,52096,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52098,8690],{"class":139},[44,52100,127],{"class":58},[44,52102,8430],{"class":123},[44,52104,4521],{"class":58},[44,52106,63],{"class":62},[44,52108,21064],{"class":58},[44,52110,52111],{"class":1992},"  # banana\n",[20,52113,52114],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,52116,52118],{"className":37,"code":52117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,52119,52120,52143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52121,52122,52124,52126,52128,52131,52133,52136,52138,52141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52123,5681],{"class":50},[44,52125,55],{"class":54},[44,52127,1954],{"class":58},[44,52129,52130],{"class":62},"88",[44,52132,66],{"class":58},[44,52134,52135],{"class":62}," 91",[44,52137,66],{"class":58},[44,52139,52140],{"class":62}," 75",[44,52142,1967],{"class":58},[44,52144,52145,52147,52149,52151,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52146,140],{"class":139},[44,52148,127],{"class":58},[44,52150,633],{"class":583},[44,52152,52153],{"class":587},"Number of scores:",[44,52155,633],{"class":583},[44,52157,66],{"class":58},[44,52159,39008],{"class":139},[44,52161,127],{"class":58},[44,52163,17007],{"class":123},[44,52165,556],{"class":58},[20,52167,52168,52169,120],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[176,52170,52172],{"href":52171},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,52174,52176],{"id":52175},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52178,52179,52180,52182],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52181,42984],{}," counts keys.",[35,52184,52186],{"className":37,"code":52185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52187,52188,52196,52214,52228,52244,52248,52252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52189,52190,52192,52194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52191,13480],{"class":50},[44,52193,55],{"class":54},[44,52195,12109],{"class":58},[44,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52199,12114],{"class":583},[44,52201,8287],{"class":587},[44,52203,633],{"class":583},[44,52205,1598],{"class":58},[44,52207,643],{"class":583},[44,52209,8542],{"class":587},[44,52211,633],{"class":583},[44,52213,12130],{"class":58},[44,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52217,12114],{"class":583},[44,52219,9921],{"class":587},[44,52221,633],{"class":583},[44,52223,1598],{"class":58},[44,52225,31562],{"class":62},[44,52227,12130],{"class":58},[44,52229,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52231,12114],{"class":583},[44,52233,20509],{"class":587},[44,52235,633],{"class":583},[44,52237,1598],{"class":58},[44,52239,643],{"class":583},[44,52241,22863],{"class":587},[44,52243,3979],{"class":583},[44,52245,52246],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,52247,82],{"class":58},[44,52249,52250],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,52251,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52253,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,52255,140],{"class":139},[44,52257,127],{"class":58},[44,52259,2441],{"class":139},[44,52261,127],{"class":58},[44,52263,14243],{"class":123},[44,52265,5979],{"class":58},[44,52267,51395],{"class":1992},[20,52269,52270,52271,52273],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52272,42984],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52275,52276,52277,52279],{},"For sets, ",[15,52278,42984],{}," counts unique items:",[35,52281,52283],{"className":37,"code":52282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52284,52285,52313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52286,52287,52289,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309,52311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52288,884],{"class":50},[44,52290,55],{"class":54},[44,52292,59],{"class":58},[44,52294,63],{"class":62},[44,52296,66],{"class":58},[44,52298,69],{"class":62},[44,52300,66],{"class":58},[44,52302,74],{"class":62},[44,52304,66],{"class":58},[44,52306,74],{"class":62},[44,52308,66],{"class":58},[44,52310,69],{"class":62},[44,52312,82],{"class":58},[44,52314,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52316,140],{"class":139},[44,52318,127],{"class":58},[44,52320,2441],{"class":139},[44,52322,127],{"class":58},[44,52324,4268],{"class":123},[44,52326,5979],{"class":58},[44,52328,51395],{"class":1992},[20,52330,52331],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52333,52334],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,52336,52338],{"className":37,"code":52337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52339,52340,52348,52352,52370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52341,52342,52344,52346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52343,9788],{"class":50},[44,52345,55],{"class":54},[44,52347,10458],{"class":58},[44,52349,52350],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52351,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52353,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52355,7615],{"class":4496},[44,52357,39008],{"class":139},[44,52359,127],{"class":58},[44,52361,9827],{"class":123},[44,52363,4281],{"class":58},[44,52365,7026],{"class":54},[44,52367,4452],{"class":62},[44,52369,7011],{"class":58},[44,52371,52372,52374,52376,52378,52381,52383],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52373,8690],{"class":139},[44,52375,127],{"class":58},[44,52377,633],{"class":583},[44,52379,52380],{"class":587},"The dictionary is empty",[44,52382,633],{"class":583},[44,52384,133],{"class":58},[30,52386,41668],{"id":41667},[20,52388,52389,52390,120],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52391,42984],{},[1044,52393,52395],{"id":52394},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,52397,52399],{"className":37,"code":52398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52400,52401,52409,52413,52431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52402,52403,52405,52407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52404,8399],{"class":50},[44,52406,55],{"class":54},[44,52408,8459],{"class":58},[44,52410,52411],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52412,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52414,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52416,7615],{"class":4496},[44,52418,39008],{"class":139},[44,52420,127],{"class":58},[44,52422,8430],{"class":123},[44,52424,4281],{"class":58},[44,52426,7026],{"class":54},[44,52428,4452],{"class":62},[44,52430,7011],{"class":58},[44,52432,52433,52435,52437,52439,52442,52444],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52434,8690],{"class":139},[44,52436,127],{"class":58},[44,52438,633],{"class":583},[44,52440,52441],{"class":587},"The list is empty",[44,52443,633],{"class":583},[44,52445,133],{"class":58},[1044,52447,52449],{"id":52448},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,52451,52453],{"className":37,"code":52452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52454,52455,52474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52456,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52470,52472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52458,6772],{"class":50},[44,52460,55],{"class":54},[44,52462,8864],{"class":139},[44,52464,127],{"class":58},[44,52466,633],{"class":583},[44,52468,52469],{"class":587},"Enter a word: ",[44,52471,633],{"class":583},[44,52473,133],{"class":58},[44,52475,52476,52478,52480,52482,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52477,140],{"class":139},[44,52479,127],{"class":58},[44,52481,633],{"class":583},[44,52483,52484],{"class":587},"Number of characters:",[44,52486,633],{"class":583},[44,52488,66],{"class":58},[44,52490,39008],{"class":139},[44,52492,127],{"class":58},[44,52494,39013],{"class":123},[44,52496,556],{"class":58},[1044,52498,52500],{"id":52499},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,52502,52504],{"className":37,"code":52503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52505,52506,52520,52524,52542,52557,52563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52507,52508,52511,52513,52515,52518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52509,52510],{"class":50},"password ",[44,52512,55],{"class":54},[44,52514,643],{"class":583},[44,52516,52517],{"class":587},"secret123",[44,52519,3979],{"class":583},[44,52521,52522],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52523,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52525,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52527,7615],{"class":4496},[44,52529,39008],{"class":139},[44,52531,127],{"class":58},[44,52533,18239],{"class":123},[44,52535,4281],{"class":58},[44,52537,51913],{"class":54},[44,52539,6977],{"class":62},[44,52541,7011],{"class":58},[44,52543,52544,52546,52548,52550,52553,52555],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52545,8690],{"class":139},[44,52547,127],{"class":58},[44,52549,633],{"class":583},[44,52551,52552],{"class":587},"Password length is valid",[44,52554,633],{"class":583},[44,52556,133],{"class":58},[44,52558,52559,52561],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,52560,28053],{"class":4496},[44,52562,7011],{"class":58},[44,52564,52565,52567,52569,52571,52574,52576],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,52566,8690],{"class":139},[44,52568,127],{"class":58},[44,52570,633],{"class":583},[44,52572,52573],{"class":587},"Password is too short",[44,52575,633],{"class":583},[44,52577,133],{"class":58},[1044,52579,52581],{"id":52580},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,52583,52585],{"className":37,"code":52584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52586,52587,52623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52588,52589,52592,52594,52596,52598,52601,52603,52605,52607,52610,52612,52614,52616,52619,52621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52590,52591],{"class":50},"results ",[44,52593,55],{"class":54},[44,52595,1954],{"class":58},[44,52597,633],{"class":583},[44,52599,52600],{"class":587},"item1",[44,52602,633],{"class":583},[44,52604,66],{"class":58},[44,52606,643],{"class":583},[44,52608,52609],{"class":587},"item2",[44,52611,633],{"class":583},[44,52613,66],{"class":58},[44,52615,643],{"class":583},[44,52617,52618],{"class":587},"item3",[44,52620,633],{"class":583},[44,52622,1967],{"class":58},[44,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52645],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52626,140],{"class":139},[44,52628,127],{"class":58},[44,52630,633],{"class":583},[44,52632,52633],{"class":587},"Items found:",[44,52635,633],{"class":583},[44,52637,66],{"class":58},[44,52639,39008],{"class":139},[44,52641,127],{"class":58},[44,52643,52644],{"class":123},"results",[44,52646,556],{"class":58},[20,52648,52649],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,52651,52653],{"id":52652},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52655,52656,52658],{},[15,52657,42984],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52660,52661,52662,1598],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52663,3628],{},[205,52665,52666,52669,52672],{},[208,52667,52668],{},"plain integers",[208,52670,52671],{},"floats",[208,52673,52674],{},[15,52675,4398],{},[20,52677,295],{},[35,52679,52681],{"className":37,"code":52680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52682,52683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52684,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52686,140],{"class":139},[44,52688,127],{"class":58},[44,52690,2441],{"class":139},[44,52692,127],{"class":58},[44,52694,357],{"class":62},[44,52696,556],{"class":58},[20,52698,52699,52700,52702],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52701,357],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52704,52705],{},"Another example:",[35,52707,52709],{"className":37,"code":52708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52710,52711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52712,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52714,140],{"class":139},[44,52716,127],{"class":58},[44,52718,2441],{"class":139},[44,52720,127],{"class":58},[44,52722,40766],{"class":62},[44,52724,556],{"class":58},[20,52726,52727,52728,1598],{},"And with ",[15,52729,4398],{},[35,52731,52733],{"className":37,"code":52732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52734,52735,52743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52736,52737,52739,52741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52738,3075],{"class":50},[44,52740,55],{"class":54},[44,52742,49151],{"class":4471},[44,52744,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52746,140],{"class":139},[44,52748,127],{"class":58},[44,52750,2441],{"class":139},[44,52752,127],{"class":58},[44,52754,3100],{"class":123},[44,52756,556],{"class":58},[20,52758,52759,52760,120],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[176,52761,52763],{"href":52762},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,52765,52767],{"id":52766},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52769,52770,52771,52773],{},"Before using ",[15,52772,42984],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52775,52776],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,52778,52780],{"className":37,"code":52779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52781,52782,52790,52794,52804,52818,52836,52854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52783,52784,52786,52788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52785,3075],{"class":50},[44,52787,55],{"class":54},[44,52789,49151],{"class":4471},[44,52791,52792],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52793,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52795,52796,52798,52800,52802],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52797,140],{"class":139},[44,52799,127],{"class":58},[44,52801,3100],{"class":123},[44,52803,133],{"class":58},[44,52805,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52807,140],{"class":139},[44,52809,127],{"class":58},[44,52811,549],{"class":548},[44,52813,127],{"class":58},[44,52815,3100],{"class":123},[44,52817,556],{"class":58},[44,52819,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,52821,140],{"class":139},[44,52823,127],{"class":58},[44,52825,49499],{"class":139},[44,52827,127],{"class":58},[44,52829,3100],{"class":123},[44,52831,66],{"class":58},[44,52833,49528],{"class":548},[44,52835,556],{"class":58},[44,52837,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,52839,140],{"class":139},[44,52841,127],{"class":58},[44,52843,49499],{"class":139},[44,52845,127],{"class":58},[44,52847,3100],{"class":123},[44,52849,66],{"class":58},[44,52851,23177],{"class":548},[44,52853,556],{"class":58},[44,52855,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,52857,140],{"class":139},[44,52859,127],{"class":58},[44,52861,49499],{"class":139},[44,52863,127],{"class":58},[44,52865,3100],{"class":123},[44,52867,66],{"class":58},[44,52869,9793],{"class":548},[44,52871,556],{"class":58},[20,52873,52874],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52876,52877],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,52879,52881],{"className":37,"code":52880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52882,52883,52895,52899,52913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52884,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52886,3075],{"class":50},[44,52888,55],{"class":54},[44,52890,643],{"class":583},[44,52892,4464],{"class":587},[44,52894,3979],{"class":583},[44,52896,52897],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,52898,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,52900,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,52902,7615],{"class":4496},[44,52904,22202],{"class":50},[44,52906,12810],{"class":54},[44,52908,8721],{"class":54},[44,52910,4472],{"class":4471},[44,52912,7011],{"class":58},[44,52914,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,52916,8690],{"class":139},[44,52918,127],{"class":58},[44,52920,2441],{"class":139},[44,52922,127],{"class":58},[44,52924,3100],{"class":123},[44,52926,556],{"class":58},[20,52928,52929,52930,120],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[176,52931,9064],{"href":2926},[30,52933,3454],{"id":3453},[20,52935,23712,52936,1598],{},[15,52937,42984],{},[205,52939,52940,52948,52956,52964,52970],{},[208,52941,863,52942,52944,52945],{},[15,52943,42984],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52946,52947],{},"len(5)",[208,52949,863,52950,52952,52953],{},[15,52951,42984],{}," on a float like ",[15,52954,52955],{},"len(3.14)",[208,52957,863,52958,52960,52961,52963],{},[15,52959,42984],{}," on ",[15,52962,4398],{}," after a function returns nothing",[208,52965,5198,52966,52969],{},[15,52967,52968],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[208,52971,52972],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52974,52975],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52977,52979],{"className":37,"code":52978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52980,52981,53017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52982,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52984,13821],{"class":50},[44,52986,55],{"class":54},[44,52988,59],{"class":58},[44,52990,633],{"class":583},[44,52992,8287],{"class":587},[44,52994,633],{"class":583},[44,52996,1598],{"class":58},[44,52998,643],{"class":583},[44,53000,13497],{"class":587},[44,53002,633],{"class":583},[44,53004,66],{"class":58},[44,53006,643],{"class":583},[44,53008,9921],{"class":587},[44,53010,633],{"class":583},[44,53012,1598],{"class":58},[44,53014,8410],{"class":62},[44,53016,82],{"class":58},[44,53018,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53020,140],{"class":139},[44,53022,127],{"class":58},[44,53024,2441],{"class":139},[44,53026,127],{"class":58},[44,53028,17926],{"class":123},[44,53030,5979],{"class":58},[44,53032,52040],{"class":1992},[20,53034,38217,53035,53037,53038,2495,53040,120],{},[15,53036,339],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,53039,15858],{},[15,53041,53042],{},"\"age\"",[20,53044,53045],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,53047,53049],{"className":37,"code":53048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,53050,53051,53064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53052,53053,53055,53057,53059,53062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53054,35307],{"class":50},[44,53056,55],{"class":54},[44,53058,643],{"class":583},[44,53060,53061],{"class":587},"a b",[44,53063,3979],{"class":583},[44,53065,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53067,140],{"class":139},[44,53069,127],{"class":58},[44,53071,2441],{"class":139},[44,53073,127],{"class":58},[44,53075,35328],{"class":123},[44,53077,5979],{"class":58},[44,53079,51395],{"class":1992},[20,53081,53082],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,53084,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,53086,53088],{"id":53087},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,53090,53091],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1044,53093,53095],{"id":53094},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,53097,53098],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1044,53100,53102],{"id":53101},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,53104,53105],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1044,53107,53109],{"id":53108},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,53111,53112,53113,53115,53116,428,53118,53120,53121,120],{},"No. Using ",[15,53114,42984],{}," on an ",[15,53117,2816],{},[15,53119,2820],{}," raises a ",[15,53122,3628],{},[1044,53124,53126],{"id":53125},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53128,8382,53129,120],{},[15,53130,53131],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53133,295],{},[35,53135,53137],{"className":37,"code":53136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53138,53139,53147,53151,53169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53140,53141,53143,53145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53142,8930],{"class":50},[44,53144,55],{"class":54},[44,53146,8459],{"class":58},[44,53148,53149],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53150,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53152,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53154,7615],{"class":4496},[44,53156,39008],{"class":139},[44,53158,127],{"class":58},[44,53160,8961],{"class":123},[44,53162,4281],{"class":58},[44,53164,7026],{"class":54},[44,53166,4452],{"class":62},[44,53168,7011],{"class":58},[44,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53180,53182],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53172,8690],{"class":139},[44,53174,127],{"class":58},[44,53176,633],{"class":583},[44,53178,53179],{"class":587},"Empty list",[44,53181,633],{"class":583},[44,53183,133],{"class":58},[20,53185,53186,53187,53189,53190,53192,53193,53195],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53188,4294],{}," in an ",[15,53191,7615],{}," statement, but ",[15,53194,42984],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,53197,2528],{"id":2527},[205,53199,53200,53204,53208,53212,53217,53221,53227],{},[208,53201,53202],{},[176,53203,51601],{"href":51600},[208,53205,53206],{},[176,53207,51605],{"href":51604},[208,53209,53210],{},[176,53211,9778],{"href":9777},[208,53213,53214],{},[176,53215,53216],{"href":52171},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[208,53218,53219],{},[176,53220,9064],{"href":2926},[208,53222,53223],{},[176,53224,53226],{"href":53225},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[208,53228,53229],{},[176,53230,53231],{"href":52762},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2554,53233,53234],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":53236},[53237,53238,53239,53240,53241,53242,53243,53249,53250,53251,53252,53259],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":51403,"depth":85,"text":51404},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":51748,"depth":85,"text":51749},{"id":51935,"depth":85,"text":51936},{"id":52175,"depth":85,"text":52176},{"id":41667,"depth":85,"text":41668,"children":53244},[53245,53246,53247,53248],{"id":52394,"depth":109,"text":52395},{"id":52448,"depth":109,"text":52449},{"id":52499,"depth":109,"text":52500},{"id":52580,"depth":109,"text":52581},{"id":52652,"depth":85,"text":52653},{"id":52766,"depth":85,"text":52767},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":53253},[53254,53255,53256,53257,53258],{"id":53087,"depth":109,"text":53088},{"id":53094,"depth":109,"text":53095},{"id":53101,"depth":109,"text":53102},{"id":53108,"depth":109,"text":53109},{"id":53125,"depth":109,"text":53126},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51286,"description":53260},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53267,"title":53268,"body":53269,"description":54954,"extension":2593,"meta":54955,"navigation":364,"path":54956,"seo":54957,"stem":54958,"__hash__":54959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53270,"toc":54927},[53271,53274,53288,53294,53296,53350,53355,53359,53375,53378,53392,53398,53400,53403,53422,53438,53440,53516,53518,53555,53566,53568,53571,53632,53634,53667,53670,53676,53680,53683,53808,53810,53869,53877,53930,53932,53959,53965,53975,53979,53982,53987,54039,54041,54067,54073,54127,54129,54154,54157,54181,54187,54189,54193,54195,54252,54254,54262,54264,54286,54288,54341,54343,54367,54371,54373,54412,54414,54422,54428,54432,54484,54486,54512,54520,54524,54529,54538,54540,54606,54608,54640,54644,54649,54651,54665,54668,54741,54743,54769,54771,54775,54782,54786,54793,54797,54800,54802,54855,54857,54883,54887,54896,54898,54924],[10,53272,53268],{"id":53273},"python-list-append-method",[20,53275,192,53276,53279,53280,53283,53284,53287],{},[15,53277,53278],{},"append()"," method adds ",[197,53281,53282],{},"one item"," to the ",[197,53285,53286],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53289,53290,53291,53293],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[197,53292,199],{}," create a new list.",[30,53295,33],{"id":32},[35,53297,53299],{"className":37,"code":53298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53300,53301,53321,53335,53345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53302,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53304,884],{"class":50},[44,53306,55],{"class":54},[44,53308,1954],{"class":58},[44,53310,63],{"class":62},[44,53312,66],{"class":58},[44,53314,69],{"class":62},[44,53316,66],{"class":58},[44,53318,74],{"class":62},[44,53320,1967],{"class":58},[44,53322,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53324,4268],{"class":50},[44,53326,120],{"class":58},[44,53328,14170],{"class":123},[44,53330,127],{"class":58},[44,53332,1517],{"class":62},[44,53334,133],{"class":58},[44,53336,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53338,140],{"class":139},[44,53340,127],{"class":58},[44,53342,4268],{"class":123},[44,53344,133],{"class":58},[44,53346,53347],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53348,53349],{"class":1992},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53351,1296,53352,53354],{},[15,53353,53278],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,53356,53358],{"id":53357},"what-append-does","What append() does",[205,53360,53361,53366,53369,53372],{},[208,53362,53363,53365],{},[15,53364,53278],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[208,53367,53368],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[208,53370,53371],{},"It does not create a new list",[208,53373,53374],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53376,53377],{},"This means you can append:",[205,53379,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390],{},[208,53381,4268],{},[208,53383,5927],{},[208,53385,41217],{},[208,53387,5918],{},[208,53389,7869],{},[208,53391,35281],{},[20,53393,53394,53395,120],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[176,53396,53397],{"href":51604},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,53399,6049],{"id":6048},[20,53401,53402],{},"Basic form:",[35,53404,53406],{"className":37,"code":53405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53407,53408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53409,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53411,8961],{"class":50},[44,53413,120],{"class":58},[44,53415,14170],{"class":123},[44,53417,127],{"class":58},[44,53419,23928],{"class":123},[44,53421,133],{"class":58},[205,53423,53424,53429,53434],{},[208,53425,53426,53428],{},[15,53427,8961],{}," is the list you want to change",[208,53430,53431,53433],{},[15,53432,23928],{}," is the value or object to add",[208,53435,12527,53436],{},[15,53437,4398],{},[20,53439,295],{},[35,53441,53443],{"className":37,"code":53442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53444,53445,53469,53492,53496,53506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53448,36861],{"class":50},[44,53450,55],{"class":54},[44,53452,1954],{"class":58},[44,53454,633],{"class":583},[44,53456,636],{"class":587},[44,53458,633],{"class":583},[44,53460,66],{"class":58},[44,53462,643],{"class":583},[44,53464,646],{"class":587},[44,53466,633],{"class":583},[44,53468,1967],{"class":58},[44,53470,53471,53473,53475,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53472,112],{"class":50},[44,53474,55],{"class":54},[44,53476,53477],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,53479,120],{"class":58},[44,53481,14170],{"class":123},[44,53483,127],{"class":58},[44,53485,633],{"class":583},[44,53487,655],{"class":587},[44,53489,633],{"class":583},[44,53491,133],{"class":58},[44,53493,53494],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53495,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53497,53498,53500,53502,53504],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53499,140],{"class":139},[44,53501,127],{"class":58},[44,53503,36913],{"class":123},[44,53505,133],{"class":58},[44,53507,53508,53510,53512,53514],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,53509,140],{"class":139},[44,53511,127],{"class":58},[44,53513,145],{"class":123},[44,53515,133],{"class":58},[20,53517,150],{},[35,53519,53521],{"className":37,"code":53520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53522,53523,53551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53524,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53526,4521],{"class":58},[44,53528,590],{"class":583},[44,53530,636],{"class":587},[44,53532,590],{"class":583},[44,53534,66],{"class":58},[44,53536,584],{"class":583},[44,53538,646],{"class":587},[44,53540,590],{"class":583},[44,53542,66],{"class":58},[44,53544,584],{"class":583},[44,53546,655],{"class":587},[44,53548,590],{"class":583},[44,53550,1967],{"class":58},[44,53552,53553],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53554,12424],{"class":4471},[20,53556,53557,53558,53560,53561,53563,53564,120],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53559,53278],{}," updates ",[15,53562,36913],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53565,4398],{},[30,53567,613],{"id":612},[20,53569,53570],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,53572,53574],{"className":37,"code":53573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53575,53576,53600,53618,53622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53577,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53579,13692],{"class":50},[44,53581,55],{"class":54},[44,53583,1954],{"class":58},[44,53585,633],{"class":583},[44,53587,13709],{"class":587},[44,53589,633],{"class":583},[44,53591,66],{"class":58},[44,53593,643],{"class":583},[44,53595,13726],{"class":587},[44,53597,633],{"class":583},[44,53599,1967],{"class":58},[44,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53603,18120],{"class":50},[44,53605,120],{"class":58},[44,53607,14170],{"class":123},[44,53609,127],{"class":58},[44,53611,633],{"class":583},[44,53613,18073],{"class":587},[44,53615,633],{"class":583},[44,53617,133],{"class":58},[44,53619,53620],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53621,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53625,140],{"class":139},[44,53627,127],{"class":58},[44,53629,18120],{"class":123},[44,53631,133],{"class":58},[20,53633,150],{},[35,53635,53637],{"className":37,"code":53636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53638,53639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53640,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53642,4521],{"class":58},[44,53644,590],{"class":583},[44,53646,13709],{"class":587},[44,53648,590],{"class":583},[44,53650,66],{"class":58},[44,53652,584],{"class":583},[44,53654,13726],{"class":587},[44,53656,590],{"class":583},[44,53658,66],{"class":58},[44,53660,584],{"class":583},[44,53662,18073],{"class":587},[44,53664,590],{"class":583},[44,53666,1967],{"class":58},[20,53668,53669],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53671,31702,53672,120],{},[176,53673,53675],{"href":53674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,53677,53679],{"id":53678},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53681,53682],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,53684,53686],{"className":37,"code":53685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53687,53688,53696,53700,53714,53732,53746,53772,53794,53798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53689,53690,53692,53694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53691,8399],{"class":50},[44,53693,55],{"class":54},[44,53695,8459],{"class":58},[44,53697,53698],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53699,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53701,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53703,8430],{"class":50},[44,53705,120],{"class":58},[44,53707,14170],{"class":123},[44,53709,127],{"class":58},[44,53711,2958],{"class":62},[44,53713,133],{"class":58},[44,53715,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53717,8430],{"class":50},[44,53719,120],{"class":58},[44,53721,14170],{"class":123},[44,53723,127],{"class":58},[44,53725,633],{"class":583},[44,53727,4464],{"class":587},[44,53729,633],{"class":583},[44,53731,133],{"class":58},[44,53733,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,53735,8430],{"class":50},[44,53737,120],{"class":58},[44,53739,14170],{"class":123},[44,53741,127],{"class":58},[44,53743,4226],{"class":4471},[44,53745,133],{"class":58},[44,53747,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,53749,8430],{"class":50},[44,53751,120],{"class":58},[44,53753,14170],{"class":123},[44,53755,6147],{"class":58},[44,53757,633],{"class":583},[44,53759,8287],{"class":587},[44,53761,633],{"class":583},[44,53763,1598],{"class":58},[44,53765,643],{"class":583},[44,53767,8296],{"class":587},[44,53769,633],{"class":583},[44,53771,31115],{"class":58},[44,53773,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,53775,8430],{"class":50},[44,53777,120],{"class":58},[44,53779,14170],{"class":123},[44,53781,3609],{"class":58},[44,53783,63],{"class":62},[44,53785,66],{"class":58},[44,53787,69],{"class":62},[44,53789,66],{"class":58},[44,53791,74],{"class":62},[44,53793,4509],{"class":58},[44,53795,53796],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,53797,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,53801,140],{"class":139},[44,53803,127],{"class":58},[44,53805,8430],{"class":123},[44,53807,133],{"class":58},[20,53809,150],{},[35,53811,53813],{"className":37,"code":53812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53814,53815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53816,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53818,4521],{"class":58},[44,53820,2958],{"class":62},[44,53822,66],{"class":58},[44,53824,584],{"class":583},[44,53826,4464],{"class":587},[44,53828,590],{"class":583},[44,53830,66],{"class":58},[44,53832,4537],{"class":4471},[44,53834,66],{"class":58},[44,53836,59],{"class":58},[44,53838,590],{"class":583},[44,53840,8287],{"class":587},[44,53842,590],{"class":583},[44,53844,1598],{"class":58},[44,53846,584],{"class":583},[44,53848,8296],{"class":587},[44,53850,590],{"class":583},[44,53852,53853],{"class":58},"},",[44,53855,1954],{"class":58},[44,53857,63],{"class":62},[44,53859,66],{"class":58},[44,53861,69],{"class":62},[44,53863,66],{"class":58},[44,53865,74],{"class":62},[44,53867,53868],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,53870,53871,53872,42778,53874,120],{},"A list added with ",[15,53873,53278],{},[197,53875,53876],{},"one single item",[35,53878,53880],{"className":37,"code":53879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53881,53882,53898,53916,53920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53883,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53885,884],{"class":50},[44,53887,55],{"class":54},[44,53889,1954],{"class":58},[44,53891,63],{"class":62},[44,53893,66],{"class":58},[44,53895,69],{"class":62},[44,53897,1967],{"class":58},[44,53899,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,53901,4268],{"class":50},[44,53903,120],{"class":58},[44,53905,14170],{"class":123},[44,53907,3609],{"class":58},[44,53909,95],{"class":62},[44,53911,66],{"class":58},[44,53913,79],{"class":62},[44,53915,4509],{"class":58},[44,53917,53918],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,53919,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,53921,53922,53924,53926,53928],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,53923,140],{"class":139},[44,53925,127],{"class":58},[44,53927,4268],{"class":123},[44,53929,133],{"class":58},[20,53931,150],{},[35,53933,53935],{"className":37,"code":53934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53936,53937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53938,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53940,4521],{"class":58},[44,53942,63],{"class":62},[44,53944,66],{"class":58},[44,53946,69],{"class":62},[44,53948,66],{"class":58},[44,53950,1954],{"class":58},[44,53952,95],{"class":62},[44,53954,66],{"class":58},[44,53956,79],{"class":62},[44,53958,53868],{"class":58},[20,53960,2913,53961,53964],{},[15,53962,53963],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53966,53967,53968,53974],{},"This is different from ",[176,53969,53971],{"href":53970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53972,53973],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53976,53978],{"id":53977},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53980,53981],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1044,53983,863,53985],{"id":53984},"using-append",[15,53986,53278],{},[35,53988,53989],{"className":37,"code":53879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53990,53991,54007,54025,54029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53994,884],{"class":50},[44,53996,55],{"class":54},[44,53998,1954],{"class":58},[44,54000,63],{"class":62},[44,54002,66],{"class":58},[44,54004,69],{"class":62},[44,54006,1967],{"class":58},[44,54008,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54010,4268],{"class":50},[44,54012,120],{"class":58},[44,54014,14170],{"class":123},[44,54016,3609],{"class":58},[44,54018,95],{"class":62},[44,54020,66],{"class":58},[44,54022,79],{"class":62},[44,54024,4509],{"class":58},[44,54026,54027],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54028,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54030,54031,54033,54035,54037],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54032,140],{"class":139},[44,54034,127],{"class":58},[44,54036,4268],{"class":123},[44,54038,133],{"class":58},[20,54040,150],{},[35,54042,54043],{"className":37,"code":53934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54044,54045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54046,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54048,4521],{"class":58},[44,54050,63],{"class":62},[44,54052,66],{"class":58},[44,54054,69],{"class":62},[44,54056,66],{"class":58},[44,54058,1954],{"class":58},[44,54060,95],{"class":62},[44,54062,66],{"class":58},[44,54064,79],{"class":62},[44,54066,53868],{"class":58},[1044,54068,863,54070],{"id":54069},"using-extend",[15,54071,54072],{},"extend()",[35,54074,54076],{"className":37,"code":54075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54077,54078,54094,54113,54117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54079,54080,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54081,884],{"class":50},[44,54083,55],{"class":54},[44,54085,1954],{"class":58},[44,54087,63],{"class":62},[44,54089,66],{"class":58},[44,54091,69],{"class":62},[44,54093,1967],{"class":58},[44,54095,54096,54098,54100,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54097,4268],{"class":50},[44,54099,120],{"class":58},[44,54101,54102],{"class":123},"extend",[44,54104,3609],{"class":58},[44,54106,95],{"class":62},[44,54108,66],{"class":58},[44,54110,79],{"class":62},[44,54112,4509],{"class":58},[44,54114,54115],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54116,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54118,54119,54121,54123,54125],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54120,140],{"class":139},[44,54122,127],{"class":58},[44,54124,4268],{"class":123},[44,54126,133],{"class":58},[20,54128,150],{},[35,54130,54132],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54133,54134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54137,4521],{"class":58},[44,54139,63],{"class":62},[44,54141,66],{"class":58},[44,54143,69],{"class":62},[44,54145,66],{"class":58},[44,54147,74],{"class":62},[44,54149,66],{"class":58},[44,54151,79],{"class":62},[44,54153,1967],{"class":58},[20,54155,54156],{},"The difference:",[205,54158,54159,54165,54171,54176],{},[208,54160,54161,54164],{},[15,54162,54163],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[208,54166,54167,54170],{},[15,54168,54169],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[208,54172,1296,54173,54175],{},[15,54174,53278],{}," for one item",[208,54177,1296,54178,54180],{},[15,54179,54072],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54182,54183,54184,120],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[176,54185,54186],{"href":53970},"Python list extend() method",[30,54188,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,54190,54192],{"id":54191},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54194,26309],{},[35,54196,54198],{"className":37,"code":54197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54199,54200,54220,54238,54242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54201,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54203,8399],{"class":50},[44,54205,55],{"class":54},[44,54207,1954],{"class":58},[44,54209,63],{"class":62},[44,54211,66],{"class":58},[44,54213,69],{"class":62},[44,54215,66],{"class":58},[44,54217,74],{"class":62},[44,54219,1967],{"class":58},[44,54221,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54223,8399],{"class":50},[44,54225,55],{"class":54},[44,54227,6584],{"class":50},[44,54229,120],{"class":58},[44,54231,14170],{"class":123},[44,54233,127],{"class":58},[44,54235,1517],{"class":62},[44,54237,133],{"class":58},[44,54239,54240],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54241,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54243,54244,54246,54248,54250],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54245,140],{"class":139},[44,54247,127],{"class":58},[44,54249,8430],{"class":123},[44,54251,133],{"class":58},[20,54253,150],{},[35,54255,54256],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54257,54258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54259,54260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54261,12424],{"class":4471},[20,54263,12516],{},[205,54265,54266,54271,54277],{},[208,54267,54268,54270],{},[15,54269,53278],{}," changes the list in place",[208,54272,54273,3025,54275],{},[15,54274,53278],{},[15,54276,4398],{},[208,54278,54279,54280,54283,54284],{},"So ",[15,54281,54282],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54285,4398],{},[20,54287,11426],{},[35,54289,54291],{"className":37,"code":54290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54292,54293,54313,54327,54331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54294,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54296,8399],{"class":50},[44,54298,55],{"class":54},[44,54300,1954],{"class":58},[44,54302,63],{"class":62},[44,54304,66],{"class":58},[44,54306,69],{"class":62},[44,54308,66],{"class":58},[44,54310,74],{"class":62},[44,54312,1967],{"class":58},[44,54314,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54316,8430],{"class":50},[44,54318,120],{"class":58},[44,54320,14170],{"class":123},[44,54322,127],{"class":58},[44,54324,1517],{"class":62},[44,54326,133],{"class":58},[44,54328,54329],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54330,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54332,54333,54335,54337,54339],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54334,140],{"class":139},[44,54336,127],{"class":58},[44,54338,8430],{"class":123},[44,54340,133],{"class":58},[20,54342,150],{},[35,54344,54345],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54346,54347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54348,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54350,4521],{"class":58},[44,54352,63],{"class":62},[44,54354,66],{"class":58},[44,54356,69],{"class":62},[44,54358,66],{"class":58},[44,54360,74],{"class":62},[44,54362,66],{"class":58},[44,54364,79],{"class":62},[44,54366,1967],{"class":58},[1044,54368,54370],{"id":54369},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54372,19532],{},[35,54374,54376],{"className":37,"code":54375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54377,54378,54402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54379,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398,54400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54381,32502],{"class":50},[44,54383,55],{"class":54},[44,54385,1954],{"class":58},[44,54387,63],{"class":62},[44,54389,66],{"class":58},[44,54391,69],{"class":62},[44,54393,14167],{"class":58},[44,54395,14170],{"class":123},[44,54397,127],{"class":58},[44,54399,95],{"class":62},[44,54401,133],{"class":58},[44,54403,54404,54406,54408,54410],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54405,140],{"class":139},[44,54407,127],{"class":58},[44,54409,32521],{"class":123},[44,54411,133],{"class":58},[20,54413,150],{},[35,54415,54416],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54417,54418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54419,54420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54421,12424],{"class":4471},[20,54423,54424,54425,54427],{},"Remember: ",[15,54426,53278],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1044,54429,54431],{"id":54430},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,54433,54434],{"className":37,"code":53879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54435,54436,54452,54470,54474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54439,884],{"class":50},[44,54441,55],{"class":54},[44,54443,1954],{"class":58},[44,54445,63],{"class":62},[44,54447,66],{"class":58},[44,54449,69],{"class":62},[44,54451,1967],{"class":58},[44,54453,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54455,4268],{"class":50},[44,54457,120],{"class":58},[44,54459,14170],{"class":123},[44,54461,3609],{"class":58},[44,54463,95],{"class":62},[44,54465,66],{"class":58},[44,54467,79],{"class":62},[44,54469,4509],{"class":58},[44,54471,54472],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54473,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54477,140],{"class":139},[44,54479,127],{"class":58},[44,54481,4268],{"class":123},[44,54483,133],{"class":58},[20,54485,150],{},[35,54487,54488],{"className":37,"code":53934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54489,54490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54491,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54493,4521],{"class":58},[44,54495,63],{"class":62},[44,54497,66],{"class":58},[44,54499,69],{"class":62},[44,54501,66],{"class":58},[44,54503,1954],{"class":58},[44,54505,95],{"class":62},[44,54507,66],{"class":58},[44,54509,79],{"class":62},[44,54511,53868],{"class":58},[20,54513,3793,54514,54517,54518,7248],{},[15,54515,54516],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54519,54072],{},[1044,54521,54523],{"id":54522},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54525,54526,54528],{},[15,54527,53278],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54530,54531,54532,120],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[176,54533,54535],{"href":54534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54536,54537],{},"list.insert()",[20,54539,295],{},[35,54541,54543],{"className":37,"code":54542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54544,54545,54569,54592,54596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54546,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54548,36712],{"class":50},[44,54550,55],{"class":54},[44,54552,1954],{"class":58},[44,54554,633],{"class":583},[44,54556,176],{"class":587},[44,54558,633],{"class":583},[44,54560,66],{"class":58},[44,54562,643],{"class":583},[44,54564,431],{"class":587},[44,54566,633],{"class":583},[44,54568,1967],{"class":58},[44,54570,54571,54573,54575,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54572,36765],{"class":50},[44,54574,120],{"class":58},[44,54576,54577],{"class":123},"insert",[44,54579,127],{"class":58},[44,54581,63],{"class":62},[44,54583,66],{"class":58},[44,54585,643],{"class":583},[44,54587,130],{"class":587},[44,54589,633],{"class":583},[44,54591,133],{"class":58},[44,54593,54594],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54595,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54597,54598,54600,54602,54604],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54599,140],{"class":139},[44,54601,127],{"class":58},[44,54603,36765],{"class":123},[44,54605,133],{"class":58},[20,54607,150],{},[35,54609,54610],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54611,54612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54613,54614,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54615,4521],{"class":58},[44,54617,590],{"class":583},[44,54619,176],{"class":587},[44,54621,590],{"class":583},[44,54623,66],{"class":58},[44,54625,584],{"class":583},[44,54627,130],{"class":587},[44,54629,590],{"class":583},[44,54631,66],{"class":58},[44,54633,584],{"class":583},[44,54635,431],{"class":587},[44,54637,590],{"class":583},[44,54639,1967],{"class":58},[30,54641,54643],{"id":54642},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54645,54646,54648],{},[15,54647,53278],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54650,37048],{},[205,54652,54653,54656,54659,54662],{},[208,54654,54655],{},"building a list in a loop",[208,54657,54658],{},"collecting user input",[208,54660,54661],{},"storing results step by step",[208,54663,54664],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54666,54667],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,54669,54671],{"className":37,"code":54670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54672,54673,54682,54686,54707,54726,54730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54674,54675,54678,54680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54676,54677],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,54679,55],{"class":54},[44,54681,8459],{"class":58},[44,54683,54684],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54685,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54687,54688,54690,54692,54694,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54689,6576],{"class":4496},[44,54691,7004],{"class":50},[44,54693,4503],{"class":4496},[44,54695,54696],{"class":139}," range",[44,54698,127],{"class":58},[44,54700,63],{"class":62},[44,54702,66],{"class":58},[44,54704,104],{"class":62},[44,54706,8964],{"class":58},[44,54708,54709,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54710,54711],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,54713,120],{"class":58},[44,54715,14170],{"class":123},[44,54717,127],{"class":58},[44,54719,2845],{"class":123},[44,54721,40495],{"class":54},[44,54723,2825],{"class":123},[44,54725,133],{"class":58},[44,54727,54728],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,54729,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54731,54732,54734,54736,54739],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,54733,140],{"class":139},[44,54735,127],{"class":58},[44,54737,54738],{"class":123},"squares",[44,54740,133],{"class":58},[20,54742,150],{},[35,54744,54746],{"className":37,"code":54745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54747,54748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54763,54765,54767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54751,4521],{"class":58},[44,54753,63],{"class":62},[44,54755,66],{"class":58},[44,54757,79],{"class":62},[44,54759,66],{"class":58},[44,54761,54762],{"class":62}," 9",[44,54764,66],{"class":58},[44,54766,14605],{"class":62},[44,54768,1967],{"class":58},[30,54770,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,54772,54774],{"id":54773},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54776,46988,54777,54779,54780,120],{},[15,54778,53278],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54781,4398],{},[1044,54783,54785],{"id":54784},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54787,54788,54789,120],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[176,54790,54791],{"href":53970},[15,54792,54072],{},[1044,54794,54796],{"id":54795},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54798,54799],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54801,295],{},[35,54803,54805],{"className":37,"code":54804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54806,54807,54823,54841,54845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54808,54809,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54810,9788],{"class":50},[44,54812,55],{"class":54},[44,54814,1954],{"class":58},[44,54816,63],{"class":62},[44,54818,66],{"class":58},[44,54820,69],{"class":62},[44,54822,1967],{"class":58},[44,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,54826,9827],{"class":50},[44,54828,120],{"class":58},[44,54830,14170],{"class":123},[44,54832,3609],{"class":58},[44,54834,95],{"class":62},[44,54836,66],{"class":58},[44,54838,79],{"class":62},[44,54840,4509],{"class":58},[44,54842,54843],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,54844,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,54846,54847,54849,54851,54853],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,54848,140],{"class":139},[44,54850,127],{"class":58},[44,54852,9827],{"class":123},[44,54854,133],{"class":58},[20,54856,150],{},[35,54858,54859],{"className":37,"code":53934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54860,54861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54862,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877,54879,54881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54864,4521],{"class":58},[44,54866,63],{"class":62},[44,54868,66],{"class":58},[44,54870,69],{"class":62},[44,54872,66],{"class":58},[44,54874,1954],{"class":58},[44,54876,95],{"class":62},[44,54878,66],{"class":58},[44,54880,79],{"class":62},[44,54882,53868],{"class":58},[1044,54884,54886],{"id":54885},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54888,54889,54891,54892,54895],{},[15,54890,53278],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54893,54894],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,54897,2528],{"id":2527},[205,54899,54900,54905,54909,54914,54918],{},[208,54901,54902],{},[176,54903,54904],{"href":53674},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[208,54906,54907],{},[176,54908,54186],{"href":53970},[208,54910,54911],{},[176,54912,54913],{"href":54534},"Python list insert() method",[208,54915,54916],{},[176,54917,53397],{"href":51604},[208,54919,54920],{},[176,54921,54923],{"href":54922},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2554,54925,54926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":54928},[54929,54930,54931,54932,54933,54934,54940,54946,54947,54953],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":53357,"depth":85,"text":53358},{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":53678,"depth":85,"text":53679},{"id":53977,"depth":85,"text":53978,"children":54935},[54936,54938],{"id":53984,"depth":109,"text":54937},"Using append()",{"id":54069,"depth":109,"text":54939},"Using extend()",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":54941},[54942,54943,54944,54945],{"id":54191,"depth":109,"text":54192},{"id":54369,"depth":109,"text":54370},{"id":54430,"depth":109,"text":54431},{"id":54522,"depth":109,"text":54523},{"id":54642,"depth":85,"text":54643},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":54948},[54949,54950,54951,54952],{"id":54773,"depth":109,"text":54774},{"id":54784,"depth":109,"text":54785},{"id":54795,"depth":109,"text":54796},{"id":54885,"depth":109,"text":54886},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53268,"description":54954},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54961,"title":54962,"body":54963,"description":56206,"extension":2593,"meta":56207,"navigation":364,"path":56208,"seo":56209,"stem":56210,"__hash__":56211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54964,"toc":56171},[54965,54971,54977,54983,54985,55033,55038,55043,55047,55063,55069,55071,55074,55089,55091,55102,55104,55106,55163,55165,55173,55175,55191,55197,55199,55205,55209,55293,55296,55345,55352,55360,55363,55377,55390,55396,55471,55478,55485,55559,55567,55570,55581,55590,55594,55598,55609,55611,55688,55709,55711,55721,55724,55772,55774,55795,55798,55800,55851,55857,55864,55931,55937,55943,55945,55972,55977,55983,55986,56058,56061,56072,56078,56080,56086,56089,56095,56101,56108,56116,56122,56128,56130,56168],[10,54966,54968,54969,18],{"id":54967},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54970,11939],{},[20,54972,54973,54976],{},[15,54974,54975],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54978,54979,54980,54982],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[197,54981,11951],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54984,33],{"id":32},[35,54986,54988],{"className":37,"code":54987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54989,54990,55010,55020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54991,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006,55008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54993,8399],{"class":50},[44,54995,55],{"class":54},[44,54997,1954],{"class":58},[44,54999,63],{"class":62},[44,55001,66],{"class":58},[44,55003,69],{"class":62},[44,55005,66],{"class":58},[44,55007,74],{"class":62},[44,55009,1967],{"class":58},[44,55011,55012,55014,55016,55018],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55013,8430],{"class":50},[44,55015,120],{"class":58},[44,55017,12000],{"class":123},[44,55019,571],{"class":58},[44,55021,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55023,140],{"class":139},[44,55025,127],{"class":58},[44,55027,8430],{"class":123},[44,55029,4281],{"class":58},[44,55031,55032],{"class":1992},"  # []\n",[20,55034,1296,55035,55037],{},[15,55036,11939],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,55039,186,55041,189],{"id":55040},"what-listclear-does",[15,55042,54975],{},[20,55044,55045,1598],{},[15,55046,54975],{},[205,55048,55049,55052,55055,55060],{},[208,55050,55051],{},"Removes every item from a list",[208,55053,55054],{},"Changes the original list in place",[208,55056,55057,55058],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,55059,4407],{},[208,55061,55062],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,55064,55065,55066,55068],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,55067,11939],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,55070,234],{"id":233},[20,55072,55073],{},"Syntax:",[35,55075,55077],{"className":37,"code":55076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,55078,55079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55080,55081,55083,55085,55087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55082,8961],{"class":50},[44,55084,120],{"class":58},[44,55086,12000],{"class":123},[44,55088,571],{"class":58},[20,55090,12076],{},[205,55092,55093,55096,55099],{},[208,55094,55095],{},"Call it on a list object",[208,55097,55098],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[208,55100,55101],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,55103,613],{"id":612},[20,55105,12094],{},[35,55107,55109],{"className":37,"code":55108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,55110,55111,55135,55139,55149,55153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55112,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129,55131,55133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55114,884],{"class":50},[44,55116,55],{"class":54},[44,55118,1954],{"class":58},[44,55120,2958],{"class":62},[44,55122,66],{"class":58},[44,55124,8410],{"class":62},[44,55126,66],{"class":58},[44,55128,8415],{"class":62},[44,55130,66],{"class":58},[44,55132,51468],{"class":62},[44,55134,1967],{"class":58},[44,55136,55137],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55138,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55140,55141,55143,55145,55147],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55142,4268],{"class":50},[44,55144,120],{"class":58},[44,55146,12000],{"class":123},[44,55148,571],{"class":58},[44,55150,55151],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55152,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55154,55155,55157,55159,55161],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55156,140],{"class":139},[44,55158,127],{"class":58},[44,55160,4268],{"class":123},[44,55162,133],{"class":58},[20,55164,150],{},[35,55166,55167],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55168,55169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55170,55171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55172,38919],{"class":58},[20,55174,832],{},[205,55176,55177,55182,55188],{},[208,55178,55179,55181],{},[15,55180,4268],{}," starts with four items",[208,55183,55184,55187],{},[15,55185,55186],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[208,55189,55190],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55192,55193,55194,120],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[176,55195,53397],{"href":55196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,55198,437],{"id":436},[20,55200,55201,3025,55203,120],{},[15,55202,11939],{},[15,55204,4398],{},[20,55206,1801,55207,53293],{},[197,55208,199],{},[35,55210,55212],{"className":37,"code":55211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55213,55214,55246,55250,55264,55268,55281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55215,55216,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234,55236,55238,55240,55242,55244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55217,8399],{"class":50},[44,55219,55],{"class":54},[44,55221,1954],{"class":58},[44,55223,633],{"class":583},[44,55225,176],{"class":587},[44,55227,633],{"class":583},[44,55229,66],{"class":58},[44,55231,643],{"class":583},[44,55233,130],{"class":587},[44,55235,633],{"class":583},[44,55237,66],{"class":58},[44,55239,643],{"class":583},[44,55241,431],{"class":587},[44,55243,633],{"class":583},[44,55245,1967],{"class":58},[44,55247,55248],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55249,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55251,55252,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55253,112],{"class":50},[44,55255,55],{"class":54},[44,55257,6584],{"class":50},[44,55259,120],{"class":58},[44,55261,12000],{"class":123},[44,55263,571],{"class":58},[44,55265,55266],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55267,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55269,55270,55272,55274,55276,55278],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55271,140],{"class":139},[44,55273,127],{"class":58},[44,55275,8430],{"class":123},[44,55277,4281],{"class":58},[44,55279,55280],{"class":1992},"   # []\n",[44,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,55284,140],{"class":139},[44,55286,127],{"class":58},[44,55288,145],{"class":123},[44,55290,4281],{"class":58},[44,55292,21494],{"class":1992},[20,55294,55295],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,55297,55299],{"className":37,"code":55298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55300,55301,55321,55335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55302,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55304,8399],{"class":50},[44,55306,55],{"class":54},[44,55308,1954],{"class":58},[44,55310,63],{"class":62},[44,55312,66],{"class":58},[44,55314,69],{"class":62},[44,55316,66],{"class":58},[44,55318,74],{"class":62},[44,55320,1967],{"class":58},[44,55322,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55324,8399],{"class":50},[44,55326,55],{"class":54},[44,55328,6584],{"class":50},[44,55330,120],{"class":58},[44,55332,12000],{"class":123},[44,55334,571],{"class":58},[44,55336,55337,55339,55341,55343],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55338,140],{"class":139},[44,55340,127],{"class":58},[44,55342,8430],{"class":123},[44,55344,133],{"class":58},[20,55346,12532,55347,42778,55349,55351],{},[15,55348,8430],{},[15,55350,4398],{},", not an empty list.",[30,55353,55355,55357,55358],{"id":55354},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55356,11939],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55359,4407],{},[20,55361,55362],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,55364,55365],{"className":37,"code":55076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55366,55367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55368,55369,55371,55373,55375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55370,8961],{"class":50},[44,55372,120],{"class":58},[44,55374,12000],{"class":123},[44,55376,571],{"class":58},[35,55378,55380],{"className":37,"code":55379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,55381,55382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55383,55384,55386,55388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55385,8930],{"class":50},[44,55387,55],{"class":54},[44,55389,8459],{"class":58},[1044,55391,55393,55395],{"id":55392},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55394,11939],{}," empties the same list object",[35,55397,55399],{"className":37,"code":55398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55400,55401,55421,55429,55433,55443,55447,55459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55402,55403,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55404,51],{"class":50},[44,55406,55],{"class":54},[44,55408,1954],{"class":58},[44,55410,63],{"class":62},[44,55412,66],{"class":58},[44,55414,69],{"class":62},[44,55416,66],{"class":58},[44,55418,74],{"class":62},[44,55420,1967],{"class":58},[44,55422,55423,55425,55427],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55424,88],{"class":50},[44,55426,55],{"class":54},[44,55428,36797],{"class":50},[44,55430,55431],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55432,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55434,55435,55437,55439,55441],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55436,176],{"class":50},[44,55438,120],{"class":58},[44,55440,12000],{"class":123},[44,55442,571],{"class":58},[44,55444,55445],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55446,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,55450,140],{"class":139},[44,55452,127],{"class":58},[44,55454,176],{"class":123},[44,55456,4281],{"class":58},[44,55458,55032],{"class":1992},[44,55460,55461,55463,55465,55467,55469],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,55462,140],{"class":139},[44,55464,127],{"class":58},[44,55466,130],{"class":123},[44,55468,4281],{"class":58},[44,55470,55032],{"class":1992},[20,55472,11209,55473,2495,55475,55477],{},[15,55474,176],{},[15,55476,130],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1044,55479,55481,55484],{"id":55480},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55482,55483],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,55486,55488],{"className":37,"code":55487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55489,55490,55510,55518,55522,55530,55534,55546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55491,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55493,51],{"class":50},[44,55495,55],{"class":54},[44,55497,1954],{"class":58},[44,55499,63],{"class":62},[44,55501,66],{"class":58},[44,55503,69],{"class":62},[44,55505,66],{"class":58},[44,55507,74],{"class":62},[44,55509,1967],{"class":58},[44,55511,55512,55514,55516],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55513,88],{"class":50},[44,55515,55],{"class":54},[44,55517,36797],{"class":50},[44,55519,55520],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55521,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55523,55524,55526,55528],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55525,51],{"class":50},[44,55527,55],{"class":54},[44,55529,8459],{"class":58},[44,55531,55532],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55533,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55535,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,55537,140],{"class":139},[44,55539,127],{"class":58},[44,55541,176],{"class":123},[44,55543,4281],{"class":58},[44,55545,55032],{"class":1992},[44,55547,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,55549,140],{"class":139},[44,55551,127],{"class":58},[44,55553,130],{"class":123},[44,55555,4281],{"class":58},[44,55557,55558],{"class":1992},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55560,21389,55561,55563,55564,55566],{},[15,55562,176],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55565,130],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55568,55569],{},"This difference matters when:",[205,55571,55572,55575,55578],{},[208,55573,55574],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[208,55576,55577],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[208,55579,55580],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55582,55583,55584,120],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[176,55585,55587,55588,2544],{"href":55586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55589,13393],{},[30,55591,5578,55592],{"id":13054},[15,55593,11939],{},[20,55595,1296,55596,6935],{},[15,55597,11939],{},[205,55599,55600,55603,55606],{},[208,55601,55602],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[208,55604,55605],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[208,55607,55608],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55610,295],{},[35,55612,55614],{"className":37,"code":55613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55615,55616,55652,55656,55661,55672,55676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55617,55618,55621,55623,55625,55627,55630,55632,55634,55636,55639,55641,55643,55645,55648,55650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55619,55620],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,55622,55],{"class":54},[44,55624,1954],{"class":58},[44,55626,633],{"class":583},[44,55628,55629],{"class":587},"milk",[44,55631,633],{"class":583},[44,55633,66],{"class":58},[44,55635,643],{"class":583},[44,55637,55638],{"class":587},"bread",[44,55640,633],{"class":583},[44,55642,66],{"class":58},[44,55644,643],{"class":583},[44,55646,55647],{"class":587},"eggs",[44,55649,633],{"class":583},[44,55651,1967],{"class":58},[44,55653,55654],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55655,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55657,55658],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55659,55660],{"class":1992},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,55662,55663,55666,55668,55670],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55664,55665],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,55667,120],{"class":58},[44,55669,12000],{"class":123},[44,55671,571],{"class":58},[44,55673,55674],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55675,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55677,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,55679,140],{"class":139},[44,55681,127],{"class":58},[44,55683,55665],{"class":123},[44,55685,4281],{"class":58},[44,55687,55032],{"class":1992},[20,55689,55690,55691,55695,55696,55702,55703,120],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[176,55692,55694],{"href":55693},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[176,55697,55699,2544],{"href":55698},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55700,55701],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[176,55704,55706,2544],{"href":55705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55707,55708],{},"list.pop()",[30,55710,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,55712,55714,55715,11711,55718],{"id":55713},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55716,55717],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55719,55720],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55722,55723],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,55725,55727],{"className":37,"code":55726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55728,55729,55749,55753,55762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55730,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55732,8399],{"class":50},[44,55734,55],{"class":54},[44,55736,1954],{"class":58},[44,55738,63],{"class":62},[44,55740,66],{"class":58},[44,55742,69],{"class":62},[44,55744,66],{"class":58},[44,55746,74],{"class":62},[44,55748,1967],{"class":58},[44,55750,55751],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55752,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55754,55755,55757,55759],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55756,8430],{"class":50},[44,55758,120],{"class":58},[44,55760,55761],{"class":25368},"clear\n",[44,55763,55764,55766,55768,55770],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55765,140],{"class":139},[44,55767,127],{"class":58},[44,55769,8430],{"class":123},[44,55771,133],{"class":58},[20,55773,150],{},[35,55775,55777],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55778,55779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55780,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55782,4521],{"class":58},[44,55784,63],{"class":62},[44,55786,66],{"class":58},[44,55788,69],{"class":62},[44,55790,66],{"class":58},[44,55792,74],{"class":62},[44,55794,1967],{"class":58},[20,55796,55797],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55799,11426],{},[35,55801,55803],{"className":37,"code":55802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55804,55805,55825,55829,55839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55806,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55808,8399],{"class":50},[44,55810,55],{"class":54},[44,55812,1954],{"class":58},[44,55814,63],{"class":62},[44,55816,66],{"class":58},[44,55818,69],{"class":62},[44,55820,66],{"class":58},[44,55822,74],{"class":62},[44,55824,1967],{"class":58},[44,55826,55827],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55828,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55830,55831,55833,55835,55837],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55832,8430],{"class":50},[44,55834,120],{"class":58},[44,55836,12000],{"class":123},[44,55838,571],{"class":58},[44,55840,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55842,140],{"class":139},[44,55844,127],{"class":58},[44,55846,8430],{"class":123},[44,55848,4281],{"class":58},[44,55850,55032],{"class":1992},[1044,55852,9075,55854,55856],{"id":55853},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55855,11939],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55858,55859,3025,55861,55863],{},[15,55860,11939],{},[15,55862,4398],{},", not the list.",[35,55865,55867],{"className":37,"code":55866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55868,55869,55889,55903,55907,55919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55870,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55872,8399],{"class":50},[44,55874,55],{"class":54},[44,55876,1954],{"class":58},[44,55878,63],{"class":62},[44,55880,66],{"class":58},[44,55882,69],{"class":62},[44,55884,66],{"class":58},[44,55886,74],{"class":62},[44,55888,1967],{"class":58},[44,55890,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55892,112],{"class":50},[44,55894,55],{"class":54},[44,55896,6584],{"class":50},[44,55898,120],{"class":58},[44,55900,12000],{"class":123},[44,55902,571],{"class":58},[44,55904,55905],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,55906,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,55908,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,55910,140],{"class":139},[44,55912,127],{"class":58},[44,55914,145],{"class":123},[44,55916,4281],{"class":58},[44,55918,21494],{"class":1992},[44,55920,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,55922,140],{"class":139},[44,55924,127],{"class":58},[44,55926,8430],{"class":123},[44,55928,4281],{"class":58},[44,55930,55280],{"class":1992},[1044,55932,863,55934,55936],{"id":55933},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55935,11939],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55938,55939,55940,55942],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55941,11939],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55944,1940],{},[35,55946,55948],{"className":37,"code":55947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55949,55950,55962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55951,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55953,35307],{"class":50},[44,55955,55],{"class":54},[44,55957,643],{"class":583},[44,55959,4464],{"class":587},[44,55961,3979],{"class":583},[44,55963,55964,55966,55968,55970],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,55965,35328],{"class":50},[44,55967,120],{"class":58},[44,55969,12000],{"class":123},[44,55971,571],{"class":58},[20,55973,55974,55975,1305],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55976,11939],{},[20,55978,55979,55980,55982],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55981,4398],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55984,55985],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55987,55989],{"className":37,"code":55988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55990,55991,56001,56015,56029,56038,56048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55992,55993,55995,55997,55999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55994,140],{"class":139},[44,55996,127],{"class":58},[44,55998,8961],{"class":123},[44,56000,133],{"class":58},[44,56002,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56004,140],{"class":139},[44,56006,127],{"class":58},[44,56008,549],{"class":548},[44,56010,127],{"class":58},[44,56012,8961],{"class":123},[44,56014,556],{"class":58},[44,56016,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56018,140],{"class":139},[44,56020,127],{"class":58},[44,56022,13266],{"class":139},[44,56024,127],{"class":58},[44,56026,8961],{"class":123},[44,56028,556],{"class":58},[44,56030,56031,56033,56035],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56032,44173],{"class":50},[44,56034,55],{"class":54},[44,56036,56037],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,56039,56040,56042,56044,56046],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56041,8961],{"class":50},[44,56043,120],{"class":58},[44,56045,12000],{"class":123},[44,56047,571],{"class":58},[44,56049,56050,56052,56054,56056],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,56051,140],{"class":139},[44,56053,127],{"class":58},[44,56055,31362],{"class":123},[44,56057,133],{"class":58},[20,56059,56060],{},"These can help you see:",[205,56062,56063,56066,56069],{},[208,56064,56065],{},"What the variable currently contains",[208,56067,56068],{},"Whether it is really a list",[208,56070,56071],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,56073,56074,56075,120],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[176,56076,56077],{"href":54922},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,56079,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,56081,2482,56083,56085],{"id":56082},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,56084,54975],{}," delete the list?",[20,56087,56088],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1044,56090,2482,56092,56094],{"id":56091},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,56093,54975],{}," return a new list?",[20,56096,56097,56098,56100],{},"No. It returns ",[15,56099,4398],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1044,56102,2492,56104,2495,56106,1447],{"id":56103},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,56105,11939],{},[15,56107,55483],{},[20,56109,56110,56112,56113,56115],{},[15,56111,11939],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,56114,55483],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1044,56117,2509,56119,56121],{"id":56118},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,56120,11939],{}," on other types?",[20,56123,56124,56125,56127],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56126,11939],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,56129,2528],{"id":2527},[205,56131,56132,56136,56141,56148,56155,56161],{},[208,56133,56134],{},[176,56135,53397],{"href":55196},[208,56137,56138],{},[176,56139,56140],{"href":55693},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[208,56142,56143],{},[176,56144,56145,56146,2544],{"href":55705},"Python list ",[15,56147,13379],{},[208,56149,56150],{},[176,56151,56145,56152,2544],{"href":55698},[15,56153,56154],{},"remove()",[208,56156,56157],{},[176,56158,56145,56159,2544],{"href":55586},[15,56160,13393],{},[208,56162,56163],{},[176,56164,30966,56165,34252],{"href":54922},[15,56166,56167],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2554,56169,56170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":56172},[56173,56174,56176,56177,56178,56179,56186,56187,56195,56205],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":55040,"depth":85,"text":56175},"What list.clear() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":55354,"depth":85,"text":56180,"children":56181},"clear() vs assigning []",[56182,56184],{"id":55392,"depth":109,"text":56183},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55480,"depth":109,"text":56185},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13054,"depth":85,"text":13425},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":56188},[56189,56191,56193],{"id":55713,"depth":109,"text":56190},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55853,"depth":109,"text":56192},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55933,"depth":109,"text":56194},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":56196},[56197,56199,56201,56203],{"id":56082,"depth":109,"text":56198},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56091,"depth":109,"text":56200},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56103,"depth":109,"text":56202},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56118,"depth":109,"text":56204},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54962,"description":56206},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56213,"title":56214,"body":56215,"description":57899,"extension":2593,"meta":57900,"navigation":364,"path":57901,"seo":57902,"stem":57903,"__hash__":57904},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56216,"toc":57867},[56217,56222,56228,56236,56238,56327,56334,56339,56343,56357,56359,56436,56438,56499,56502,56504,56506,56527,56530,56544,56547,56592,56594,56602,56605,56611,56617,56620,56697,56699,56744,56747,56752,56835,56837,56878,56883,56887,56893,56895,56903,56906,56999,57001,57059,57062,57078,57083,57093,57098,57100,57105,57110,57113,57115,57172,57175,57228,57234,57239,57243,57260,57262,57346,57348,57389,57397,57399,57404,57410,57412,57475,57480,57549,57553,57588,57591,57593,57632,57636,57712,57718,57724,57729,57751,57754,57773,57781,57783,57789,57792,57799,57807,57812,57815,57819,57825,57833,57836,57838,57864],[10,56218,54968,56220,18],{"id":56219},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56221,13393],{},[20,56223,56224,56227],{},[15,56225,56226],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56229,56230,56231,14671,56233,56235],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56232,55],{},[197,56234,199],{}," make a real copy.",[30,56237,2634],{"id":2633},[35,56239,56241],{"className":37,"code":56240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56242,56243,56263,56278,56282,56297,56301,56314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56246,884],{"class":50},[44,56248,55],{"class":54},[44,56250,1954],{"class":58},[44,56252,63],{"class":62},[44,56254,66],{"class":58},[44,56256,69],{"class":62},[44,56258,66],{"class":58},[44,56260,74],{"class":62},[44,56262,1967],{"class":58},[44,56264,56265,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56266,56267],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,56269,55],{"class":54},[44,56271,975],{"class":50},[44,56273,120],{"class":58},[44,56275,13528],{"class":123},[44,56277,571],{"class":58},[44,56279,56280],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56281,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56283,56284,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56285,56286],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,56288,120],{"class":58},[44,56290,14170],{"class":123},[44,56292,127],{"class":58},[44,56294,1517],{"class":62},[44,56296,133],{"class":58},[44,56298,56299],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56300,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,56304,140],{"class":139},[44,56306,127],{"class":58},[44,56308,4268],{"class":123},[44,56310,4281],{"class":58},[44,56312,56313],{"class":1992},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,56315,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,56317,140],{"class":139},[44,56319,127],{"class":58},[44,56321,56286],{"class":123},[44,56323,4281],{"class":58},[44,56325,56326],{"class":1992},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56328,1296,56329,56331,56332,120],{},[15,56330,56226],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[197,56333,13467],{},[30,56335,186,56337,189],{"id":56336},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56338,56226],{},[20,56340,56341,1598],{},[15,56342,56226],{},[205,56344,56345,56348,56351,56354],{},[208,56346,56347],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[208,56349,56350],{},"Returns that new list",[208,56352,56353],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[208,56355,56356],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56358,295],{},[35,56360,56362],{"className":37,"code":56361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56363,56364,56396,56411,56415,56425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56367,36861],{"class":50},[44,56369,55],{"class":54},[44,56371,1954],{"class":58},[44,56373,633],{"class":583},[44,56375,636],{"class":587},[44,56377,633],{"class":583},[44,56379,66],{"class":58},[44,56381,643],{"class":583},[44,56383,646],{"class":587},[44,56385,633],{"class":583},[44,56387,66],{"class":58},[44,56389,643],{"class":583},[44,56391,655],{"class":587},[44,56393,633],{"class":583},[44,56395,1967],{"class":58},[44,56397,56398,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56399,56400],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,56402,55],{"class":54},[44,56404,53477],{"class":50},[44,56406,120],{"class":58},[44,56408,13528],{"class":123},[44,56410,571],{"class":58},[44,56412,56413],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56414,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56416,56417,56419,56421,56423],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56418,140],{"class":139},[44,56420,127],{"class":58},[44,56422,36913],{"class":123},[44,56424,133],{"class":58},[44,56426,56427,56429,56431,56434],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56428,140],{"class":139},[44,56430,127],{"class":58},[44,56432,56433],{"class":123},"copied_fruits",[44,56435,133],{"class":58},[20,56437,150],{},[35,56439,56441],{"className":37,"code":56440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56442,56443,56471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56446,4521],{"class":58},[44,56448,590],{"class":583},[44,56450,636],{"class":587},[44,56452,590],{"class":583},[44,56454,66],{"class":58},[44,56456,584],{"class":583},[44,56458,646],{"class":587},[44,56460,590],{"class":583},[44,56462,66],{"class":58},[44,56464,584],{"class":583},[44,56466,655],{"class":587},[44,56468,590],{"class":583},[44,56470,1967],{"class":58},[44,56472,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56474,4521],{"class":58},[44,56476,590],{"class":583},[44,56478,636],{"class":587},[44,56480,590],{"class":583},[44,56482,66],{"class":58},[44,56484,584],{"class":583},[44,56486,646],{"class":587},[44,56488,590],{"class":583},[44,56490,66],{"class":58},[44,56492,584],{"class":583},[44,56494,655],{"class":587},[44,56496,590],{"class":583},[44,56498,1967],{"class":58},[20,56500,56501],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,56503,234],{"id":233},[20,56505,2787],{},[35,56507,56509],{"className":37,"code":56508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56510,56511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56512,56513,56516,56518,56521,56523,56525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56514,56515],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,56517,55],{"class":54},[44,56519,56520],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,56522,120],{"class":58},[44,56524,13528],{"class":123},[44,56526,571],{"class":58},[20,56528,56529],{},"How it works:",[205,56531,56532,56538,56541],{},[208,56533,56534,56535,56537],{},"Call ",[15,56536,13393],{}," on an existing list",[208,56539,56540],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[208,56542,56543],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56545,56546],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,56548,56550],{"className":37,"code":56549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56551,56552,56561,56577,56581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56553,56554,56557,56559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56555,56556],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,56558,55],{"class":54},[44,56560,8459],{"class":58},[44,56562,56563,56566,56568,56571,56573,56575],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56564,56565],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,56567,55],{"class":54},[44,56569,56570],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,56572,120],{"class":58},[44,56574,13528],{"class":123},[44,56576,571],{"class":58},[44,56578,56579],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56580,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56582,56583,56585,56587,56590],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56584,140],{"class":139},[44,56586,127],{"class":58},[44,56588,56589],{"class":123},"new_empty_list",[44,56591,133],{"class":58},[20,56593,150],{},[35,56595,56596],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,56597,56598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56599,56600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56601,38919],{"class":58},[20,56603,56604],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,56606,56608,56609],{"id":56607},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56610,55],{},[20,56612,863,56613,14671,56615,53293],{},[15,56614,55],{},[197,56616,199],{},[20,56618,56619],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,56621,56623],{"className":37,"code":56622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56624,56625,56645,56654,56658,56673,56677,56687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56628,884],{"class":50},[44,56630,55],{"class":54},[44,56632,1954],{"class":58},[44,56634,63],{"class":62},[44,56636,66],{"class":58},[44,56638,69],{"class":62},[44,56640,66],{"class":58},[44,56642,74],{"class":62},[44,56644,1967],{"class":58},[44,56646,56647,56650,56652],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56648,56649],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,56651,55],{"class":54},[44,56653,44605],{"class":50},[44,56655,56656],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56657,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56659,56660,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56661,56662],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,56664,120],{"class":58},[44,56666,14170],{"class":123},[44,56668,127],{"class":58},[44,56670,1517],{"class":62},[44,56672,133],{"class":58},[44,56674,56675],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56676,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56678,56679,56681,56683,56685],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,56680,140],{"class":139},[44,56682,127],{"class":58},[44,56684,4268],{"class":123},[44,56686,133],{"class":58},[44,56688,56689,56691,56693,56695],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,56690,140],{"class":139},[44,56692,127],{"class":58},[44,56694,56662],{"class":123},[44,56696,133],{"class":58},[20,56698,150],{},[35,56700,56702],{"className":37,"code":56701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56703,56704,56724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56705,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56707,4521],{"class":58},[44,56709,63],{"class":62},[44,56711,66],{"class":58},[44,56713,69],{"class":62},[44,56715,66],{"class":58},[44,56717,74],{"class":62},[44,56719,66],{"class":58},[44,56721,79],{"class":62},[44,56723,1967],{"class":58},[44,56725,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56727,4521],{"class":58},[44,56729,63],{"class":62},[44,56731,66],{"class":58},[44,56733,69],{"class":62},[44,56735,66],{"class":58},[44,56737,74],{"class":62},[44,56739,66],{"class":58},[44,56741,79],{"class":62},[44,56743,1967],{"class":58},[20,56745,56746],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56748,56749,56750,1598],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56751,13393],{},[35,56753,56755],{"className":37,"code":56754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56756,56757,56777,56792,56796,56811,56815,56825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56758,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56760,884],{"class":50},[44,56762,55],{"class":54},[44,56764,1954],{"class":58},[44,56766,63],{"class":62},[44,56768,66],{"class":58},[44,56770,69],{"class":62},[44,56772,66],{"class":58},[44,56774,74],{"class":62},[44,56776,1967],{"class":58},[44,56778,56779,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56780,56781],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,56783,55],{"class":54},[44,56785,975],{"class":50},[44,56787,120],{"class":58},[44,56789,13528],{"class":123},[44,56791,571],{"class":58},[44,56793,56794],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56795,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56797,56798,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56799,56800],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,56802,120],{"class":58},[44,56804,14170],{"class":123},[44,56806,127],{"class":58},[44,56808,1517],{"class":62},[44,56810,133],{"class":58},[44,56812,56813],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56814,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56816,56817,56819,56821,56823],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,56818,140],{"class":139},[44,56820,127],{"class":58},[44,56822,4268],{"class":123},[44,56824,133],{"class":58},[44,56826,56827,56829,56831,56833],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,56828,140],{"class":139},[44,56830,127],{"class":58},[44,56832,56800],{"class":123},[44,56834,133],{"class":58},[20,56836,150],{},[35,56838,56840],{"className":37,"code":56839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56841,56842,56858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56843,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56845,4521],{"class":58},[44,56847,63],{"class":62},[44,56849,66],{"class":58},[44,56851,69],{"class":62},[44,56853,66],{"class":58},[44,56855,74],{"class":62},[44,56857,1967],{"class":58},[44,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56861,4521],{"class":58},[44,56863,63],{"class":62},[44,56865,66],{"class":58},[44,56867,69],{"class":62},[44,56869,66],{"class":58},[44,56871,74],{"class":62},[44,56873,66],{"class":58},[44,56875,79],{"class":62},[44,56877,1967],{"class":58},[20,56879,56880,56881,120],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[176,56882,53397],{"href":51604},[30,56884,56886],{"id":56885},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56888,56889,13464,56891,120],{},[15,56890,56226],{},[197,56892,13467],{},[20,56894,2735],{},[205,56896,56897,56900],{},[208,56898,56899],{},"The outer list is new",[208,56901,56902],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56904,56905],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,56907,56909],{"className":37,"code":56908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56910,56911,56938,56952,56956,56975,56979,56989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56912,56913,56915,56917,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56914,12702],{"class":50},[44,56916,55],{"class":54},[44,56918,56919],{"class":58}," [[",[44,56921,63],{"class":62},[44,56923,66],{"class":58},[44,56925,69],{"class":62},[44,56927,18680],{"class":58},[44,56929,1954],{"class":58},[44,56931,95],{"class":62},[44,56933,66],{"class":58},[44,56935,79],{"class":62},[44,56937,53868],{"class":58},[44,56939,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,56941,14929],{"class":50},[44,56943,55],{"class":54},[44,56945,12777],{"class":50},[44,56947,120],{"class":58},[44,56949,13528],{"class":123},[44,56951,571],{"class":58},[44,56953,56954],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,56955,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56957,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56973],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,56959,14948],{"class":50},[44,56961,4521],{"class":58},[44,56963,2748],{"class":62},[44,56965,14167],{"class":58},[44,56967,14170],{"class":123},[44,56969,127],{"class":58},[44,56971,56972],{"class":62},"99",[44,56974,133],{"class":58},[44,56976,56977],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,56978,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,56980,56981,56983,56985,56987],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,56982,140],{"class":139},[44,56984,127],{"class":58},[44,56986,12749],{"class":123},[44,56988,133],{"class":58},[44,56990,56991,56993,56995,56997],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,56992,140],{"class":139},[44,56994,127],{"class":58},[44,56996,14948],{"class":123},[44,56998,133],{"class":58},[20,57000,150],{},[35,57002,57004],{"className":37,"code":57003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,57005,57006,57033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57007,57008,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57009,57010],{"class":58},"[[",[44,57012,63],{"class":62},[44,57014,66],{"class":58},[44,57016,69],{"class":62},[44,57018,66],{"class":58},[44,57020,10817],{"class":62},[44,57022,18680],{"class":58},[44,57024,1954],{"class":58},[44,57026,95],{"class":62},[44,57028,66],{"class":58},[44,57030,79],{"class":62},[44,57032,53868],{"class":58},[44,57034,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053,57055,57057],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57036,57010],{"class":58},[44,57038,63],{"class":62},[44,57040,66],{"class":58},[44,57042,69],{"class":62},[44,57044,66],{"class":58},[44,57046,10817],{"class":62},[44,57048,18680],{"class":58},[44,57050,1954],{"class":58},[44,57052,95],{"class":62},[44,57054,66],{"class":58},[44,57056,79],{"class":62},[44,57058,53868],{"class":58},[20,57060,57061],{},"Why did both change?",[205,57063,57064,57071],{},[208,57065,57066,2495,57068,57070],{},[15,57067,12749],{},[15,57069,14948],{}," are different outer lists",[208,57072,57073,57074,57077],{},"But the inner list ",[15,57075,57076],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,57079,54279,57080,57082],{},[15,57081,13393],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[205,57084,57085,57088,57091],{},[208,57086,57087],{},"Numbers",[208,57089,57090],{},"Strings",[208,57092,41218],{},[20,57094,57095,57096,120],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[176,57097,14408],{"href":14407},[30,57099,437],{"id":436},[20,57101,57102,57104],{},[15,57103,56226],{}," returns a new list.",[20,57106,1801,57107,57109],{},[197,57108,199],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,57111,57112],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,57114,17274],{},[35,57116,57118],{"className":37,"code":57117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,57119,57120,57144,57158,57162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57121,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57123,13692],{"class":50},[44,57125,55],{"class":54},[44,57127,1954],{"class":58},[44,57129,633],{"class":583},[44,57131,13709],{"class":587},[44,57133,633],{"class":583},[44,57135,66],{"class":58},[44,57137,643],{"class":583},[44,57139,13726],{"class":587},[44,57141,633],{"class":583},[44,57143,1967],{"class":58},[44,57145,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57147,13735],{"class":50},[44,57149,55],{"class":54},[44,57151,13740],{"class":50},[44,57153,120],{"class":58},[44,57155,13528],{"class":123},[44,57157,571],{"class":58},[44,57159,57160],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57161,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57163,57164,57166,57168,57170],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57165,140],{"class":139},[44,57167,127],{"class":58},[44,57169,13759],{"class":123},[44,57171,133],{"class":58},[20,57173,57174],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,57176,57178],{"className":37,"code":57177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57179,57180,57204,57214,57218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57181,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57183,13692],{"class":50},[44,57185,55],{"class":54},[44,57187,1954],{"class":58},[44,57189,633],{"class":583},[44,57191,13709],{"class":587},[44,57193,633],{"class":583},[44,57195,66],{"class":58},[44,57197,643],{"class":583},[44,57199,13726],{"class":587},[44,57201,633],{"class":583},[44,57203,1967],{"class":58},[44,57205,57206,57208,57210,57212],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57207,18120],{"class":50},[44,57209,120],{"class":58},[44,57211,13528],{"class":123},[44,57213,571],{"class":58},[44,57215,57216],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57217,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57221,140],{"class":139},[44,57223,127],{"class":58},[44,57225,18120],{"class":123},[44,57227,133],{"class":58},[20,57229,57230,57231,57233],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57232,13393],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,57235,5578,57237],{"id":57236},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57238,56226],{},[20,57240,1296,57241,11220],{},[15,57242,56226],{},[205,57244,57245,57248,57251,57254],{},[208,57246,57247],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[208,57249,57250],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[208,57252,57253],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[208,57255,57256,57257],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57258,57259],{},"[:]",[20,57261,295],{},[35,57263,57265],{"className":37,"code":57264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57266,57267,57287,57302,57306,57321,57325,57335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57268,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57270,5681],{"class":50},[44,57272,55],{"class":54},[44,57274,1954],{"class":58},[44,57276,2958],{"class":62},[44,57278,66],{"class":58},[44,57280,8410],{"class":62},[44,57282,66],{"class":58},[44,57284,8415],{"class":62},[44,57286,1967],{"class":58},[44,57288,57289,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57290,57291],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,57293,55],{"class":54},[44,57295,5728],{"class":50},[44,57297,120],{"class":58},[44,57299,13528],{"class":123},[44,57301,571],{"class":58},[44,57303,57304],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57305,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57307,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57319],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57309,17007],{"class":50},[44,57311,120],{"class":58},[44,57313,14170],{"class":123},[44,57315,127],{"class":58},[44,57317,57318],{"class":62},"40",[44,57320,133],{"class":58},[44,57322,57323],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,57324,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57326,57327,57329,57331,57333],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,57328,140],{"class":139},[44,57330,127],{"class":58},[44,57332,17007],{"class":123},[44,57334,133],{"class":58},[44,57336,57337,57339,57341,57344],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,57338,140],{"class":139},[44,57340,127],{"class":58},[44,57342,57343],{"class":123},"backup_scores",[44,57345,133],{"class":58},[20,57347,150],{},[35,57349,57351],{"className":37,"code":57350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57352,57353,57373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57354,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57356,4521],{"class":58},[44,57358,2958],{"class":62},[44,57360,66],{"class":58},[44,57362,8410],{"class":62},[44,57364,66],{"class":58},[44,57366,8415],{"class":62},[44,57368,66],{"class":58},[44,57370,51468],{"class":62},[44,57372,1967],{"class":58},[44,57374,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57376,4521],{"class":58},[44,57378,2958],{"class":62},[44,57380,66],{"class":58},[44,57382,8410],{"class":62},[44,57384,66],{"class":58},[44,57386,8415],{"class":62},[44,57388,1967],{"class":58},[20,57390,57391,57392,120],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[176,57393,56145,57395,2544],{"href":57394},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57396,53278],{},[30,57398,1580],{"id":1579},[20,57400,57401,57402,120],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57403,56226],{},[1044,57405,863,57407,57409],{"id":57406},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57408,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57411,39821],{},[35,57413,57415],{"className":37,"code":57414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57416,57417,57437,57445,57459,57463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57418,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57420,51],{"class":50},[44,57422,55],{"class":54},[44,57424,1954],{"class":58},[44,57426,63],{"class":62},[44,57428,66],{"class":58},[44,57430,69],{"class":62},[44,57432,66],{"class":58},[44,57434,74],{"class":62},[44,57436,1967],{"class":58},[44,57438,57439,57441,57443],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57440,88],{"class":50},[44,57442,55],{"class":54},[44,57444,36797],{"class":50},[44,57446,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57448,130],{"class":50},[44,57450,120],{"class":58},[44,57452,14170],{"class":123},[44,57454,127],{"class":58},[44,57456,1517],{"class":62},[44,57458,133],{"class":58},[44,57460,57461],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57462,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57464,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,57466,140],{"class":139},[44,57468,127],{"class":58},[44,57470,176],{"class":123},[44,57472,4281],{"class":58},[44,57474,56326],{"class":1992},[20,57476,57477,57478,7248],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57479,13393],{},[35,57481,57483],{"className":37,"code":57482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57484,57485,57505,57519,57533,57537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57486,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57488,51],{"class":50},[44,57490,55],{"class":54},[44,57492,1954],{"class":58},[44,57494,63],{"class":62},[44,57496,66],{"class":58},[44,57498,69],{"class":62},[44,57500,66],{"class":58},[44,57502,74],{"class":62},[44,57504,1967],{"class":58},[44,57506,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57508,88],{"class":50},[44,57510,55],{"class":54},[44,57512,117],{"class":50},[44,57514,120],{"class":58},[44,57516,13528],{"class":123},[44,57518,571],{"class":58},[44,57520,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57522,130],{"class":50},[44,57524,120],{"class":58},[44,57526,14170],{"class":123},[44,57528,127],{"class":58},[44,57530,1517],{"class":62},[44,57532,133],{"class":58},[44,57534,57535],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57536,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57538,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,57540,140],{"class":139},[44,57542,127],{"class":58},[44,57544,176],{"class":123},[44,57546,4281],{"class":58},[44,57548,55558],{"class":1992},[1044,57550,57552],{"id":57551},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,57554,57556],{"className":37,"code":57555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57557,57558,57578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57559,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57561,884],{"class":50},[44,57563,55],{"class":54},[44,57565,1954],{"class":58},[44,57567,63],{"class":62},[44,57569,66],{"class":58},[44,57571,69],{"class":62},[44,57573,66],{"class":58},[44,57575,74],{"class":62},[44,57577,1967],{"class":58},[44,57579,57580,57582,57584,57586],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57581,4268],{"class":50},[44,57583,120],{"class":58},[44,57585,13528],{"class":123},[44,57587,571],{"class":58},[20,57589,57590],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57592,39884],{},[35,57594,57596],{"className":37,"code":57595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57597,57598,57618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57599,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57601,884],{"class":50},[44,57603,55],{"class":54},[44,57605,1954],{"class":58},[44,57607,63],{"class":62},[44,57609,66],{"class":58},[44,57611,69],{"class":62},[44,57613,66],{"class":58},[44,57615,74],{"class":62},[44,57617,1967],{"class":58},[44,57619,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57621,56781],{"class":50},[44,57623,55],{"class":54},[44,57625,975],{"class":50},[44,57627,120],{"class":58},[44,57629,13528],{"class":123},[44,57631,571],{"class":58},[1044,57633,57635],{"id":57634},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,57637,57639],{"className":37,"code":57638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57640,57641,57659,57673,57677,57695,57699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57642,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57644,51],{"class":50},[44,57646,55],{"class":54},[44,57648,56919],{"class":58},[44,57650,63],{"class":62},[44,57652,18680],{"class":58},[44,57654,1954],{"class":58},[44,57656,339],{"class":62},[44,57658,53868],{"class":58},[44,57660,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57662,88],{"class":50},[44,57664,55],{"class":54},[44,57666,117],{"class":50},[44,57668,120],{"class":58},[44,57670,13528],{"class":123},[44,57672,571],{"class":58},[44,57674,57675],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57676,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57678,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,57680,130],{"class":50},[44,57682,4521],{"class":58},[44,57684,2748],{"class":62},[44,57686,14167],{"class":58},[44,57688,14170],{"class":123},[44,57690,127],{"class":58},[44,57692,56972],{"class":62},[44,57694,133],{"class":58},[44,57696,57697],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,57698,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,57700,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,57702,140],{"class":139},[44,57704,127],{"class":58},[44,57706,176],{"class":123},[44,57708,4281],{"class":58},[44,57710,57711],{"class":1992},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57713,57714,57715,57717],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57716,56226],{}," is shallow.",[1044,57719,26235,57721,57723],{"id":57720},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57722,13393],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57725,57726,57728],{},[15,57727,13393],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,57730,57732],{"className":37,"code":57731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57733,57734,57746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57735,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57737,8497],{"class":50},[44,57739,55],{"class":54},[44,57741,643],{"class":583},[44,57743,5621],{"class":587},[44,57745,3979],{"class":583},[44,57747,57748],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57749,57750],{"class":1992},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57752,57753],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,57755,57757],{"className":37,"code":57756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57758,57759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57760,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57762,140],{"class":139},[44,57764,127],{"class":58},[44,57766,549],{"class":548},[44,57768,127],{"class":58},[44,57770,8287],{"class":123},[44,57772,556],{"class":58},[20,57774,57775,57776,57780],{},"You can also review ",[176,57777,57779],{"href":57778},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,57782,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,57784,2482,57786,57788],{"id":57785},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57787,56226],{}," change the original list?",[20,57790,57791],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1044,57793,2492,57795,2495,57797,1447],{"id":57794},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57796,56226],{},[15,57798,55],{},[20,57800,57801,57803,57804,57806],{},[15,57802,13393],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57805,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1044,57808,15521,57810,15524],{"id":57809},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57811,56226],{},[20,57813,57814],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1044,57816,57818],{"id":57817},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57820,42775,57821,57824],{},[15,57822,57823],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1044,57826,15521,57828,57830,57831,1447],{"id":57827},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57829,56226],{}," the same as ",[15,57832,57259],{},[20,57834,57835],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,57837,2528],{"id":2527},[205,57839,57840,57845,57849,57854,57860],{},[208,57841,57842],{},[176,57843,15583],{"href":57844},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[208,57846,57847],{},[176,57848,53397],{"href":51604},[208,57850,57851],{},[176,57852,57853],{"href":57778},"Creating a list in Python",[208,57855,57856],{},[176,57857,56145,57858,2544],{"href":57394},[15,57859,53278],{},[208,57861,57862],{},[176,57863,14408],{"href":14407},[2554,57865,57866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":57868},[57869,57870,57872,57873,57875,57876,57877,57879,57887,57898],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":56336,"depth":85,"text":57871},"What list.copy() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":56607,"depth":85,"text":57874},"Why not use =",{"id":56885,"depth":85,"text":56886},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":57236,"depth":85,"text":57878},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":57880},[57881,57883,57884,57885],{"id":57406,"depth":109,"text":57882},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57551,"depth":109,"text":57552},{"id":57634,"depth":109,"text":57635},{"id":57720,"depth":109,"text":57886},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":57888},[57889,57891,57893,57895,57896],{"id":57785,"depth":109,"text":57890},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57794,"depth":109,"text":57892},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57809,"depth":109,"text":57894},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57817,"depth":109,"text":57818},{"id":57827,"depth":109,"text":57897},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56214,"description":57899},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57906,"title":57907,"body":57908,"description":59647,"extension":2593,"meta":59648,"navigation":364,"path":59649,"seo":59650,"stem":59651,"__hash__":59652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57909,"toc":59606},[57910,57916,57922,57925,57936,57939,57941,58004,58010,58015,58019,58033,58036,58041,58046,58048,58050,58069,58081,58083,58150,58152,58160,58165,58167,58175,58178,58195,58197,58321,58332,58336,58341,58344,58346,58364,58368,58454,58462,58470,58539,58541,58544,58556,58561,58565,58636,58639,58643,58647,58712,58714,58722,58726,58807,58809,58817,58821,58882,58884,58892,58896,58983,58985,58993,58998,59003,59006,59017,59019,59104,59109,59118,59120,59124,59128,59133,59195,59199,59207,59213,59222,59227,59276,59279,59300,59304,59366,59373,59378,59381,59468,59471,59482,59485,59505,59507,59513,59516,59520,59524,59530,59533,59539,59546,59554,59565,59567,59603],[10,57911,54968,57913,18],{"id":57912},"python-list-count-method",[15,57914,57915],{},"count()",[20,57917,57918,57921],{},[15,57919,57920],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57923,57924],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[205,57926,57927,57930,57933],{},[208,57928,57929],{},"count one specific item",[208,57931,57932],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[208,57934,57935],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57937,57938],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,57940,33],{"id":32},[35,57942,57944],{"className":37,"code":57943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57945,57946,57974,57992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57947,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57949,884],{"class":50},[44,57951,55],{"class":54},[44,57953,1954],{"class":58},[44,57955,63],{"class":62},[44,57957,66],{"class":58},[44,57959,69],{"class":62},[44,57961,66],{"class":58},[44,57963,69],{"class":62},[44,57965,66],{"class":58},[44,57967,74],{"class":62},[44,57969,66],{"class":58},[44,57971,69],{"class":62},[44,57973,1967],{"class":58},[44,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,57977,112],{"class":50},[44,57979,55],{"class":54},[44,57981,975],{"class":50},[44,57983,120],{"class":58},[44,57985,41882],{"class":123},[44,57987,127],{"class":58},[44,57989,339],{"class":62},[44,57991,133],{"class":58},[44,57993,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,57995,140],{"class":139},[44,57997,127],{"class":58},[44,57999,145],{"class":123},[44,58001,4281],{"class":58},[44,58003,51395],{"class":1992},[20,58005,1296,58006,58009],{},[15,58007,58008],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,58011,186,58013,189],{"id":58012},"what-listcount-does",[15,58014,57920],{},[20,58016,58017,1598],{},[15,58018,57920],{},[205,58020,58021,58024,58027,58030],{},[208,58022,58023],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[208,58025,58026],{},"returns an integer",[208,58028,58029],{},"does not change the original list",[208,58031,58032],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,58034,58035],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,58037,58038,58039,120],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,58040,95],{},[20,58042,58043,58044,120],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,58045,2748],{},[30,58047,234],{"id":233},[20,58049,2787],{},[35,58051,58053],{"className":37,"code":58052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,58054,58055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58056,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58058,8961],{"class":50},[44,58060,120],{"class":58},[44,58062,41882],{"class":123},[44,58064,127],{"class":58},[44,58066,3100],{"class":123},[44,58068,133],{"class":58},[205,58070,58071,58076],{},[208,58072,58073,58075],{},[15,58074,8961],{}," is the list you want to search",[208,58077,58078,58080],{},[15,58079,3100],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,58082,295],{},[35,58084,58086],{"className":37,"code":58085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,58087,58088,58128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58089,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58091,36712],{"class":50},[44,58093,55],{"class":54},[44,58095,1954],{"class":58},[44,58097,633],{"class":583},[44,58099,176],{"class":587},[44,58101,633],{"class":583},[44,58103,66],{"class":58},[44,58105,643],{"class":583},[44,58107,130],{"class":587},[44,58109,633],{"class":583},[44,58111,66],{"class":58},[44,58113,643],{"class":583},[44,58115,176],{"class":587},[44,58117,633],{"class":583},[44,58119,66],{"class":58},[44,58121,643],{"class":583},[44,58123,431],{"class":587},[44,58125,633],{"class":583},[44,58127,1967],{"class":58},[44,58129,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58131,140],{"class":139},[44,58133,127],{"class":58},[44,58135,36765],{"class":123},[44,58137,120],{"class":58},[44,58139,41882],{"class":123},[44,58141,127],{"class":58},[44,58143,633],{"class":583},[44,58145,176],{"class":587},[44,58147,633],{"class":583},[44,58149,556],{"class":58},[20,58151,150],{},[35,58153,58154],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58155,58156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58157,58158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58159,17675],{"class":62},[20,58161,58162,58163,120],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58164,2748],{},[30,58166,38642],{"id":38641},[20,58168,58169,58170,58172,58173,120],{},"The return value from ",[15,58171,57915],{}," is always an ",[15,58174,2816],{},[20,58176,58177],{},"Possible results:",[205,58179,58180,58185,58190],{},[208,58181,58182,58184],{},[15,58183,2748],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[208,58186,58187,58189],{},[15,58188,63],{}," if it appears once",[208,58191,58192,58194],{},[15,58193,339],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58196,295],{},[35,58198,58200],{"className":37,"code":58199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58201,58202,58242,58246,58271,58296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58203,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58205,13692],{"class":50},[44,58207,55],{"class":54},[44,58209,1954],{"class":58},[44,58211,633],{"class":583},[44,58213,13709],{"class":587},[44,58215,633],{"class":583},[44,58217,66],{"class":58},[44,58219,643],{"class":583},[44,58221,13726],{"class":587},[44,58223,633],{"class":583},[44,58225,66],{"class":58},[44,58227,643],{"class":583},[44,58229,18073],{"class":587},[44,58231,633],{"class":583},[44,58233,66],{"class":58},[44,58235,643],{"class":583},[44,58237,13726],{"class":587},[44,58239,633],{"class":583},[44,58241,1967],{"class":58},[44,58243,58244],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58245,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,58247,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58249,140],{"class":139},[44,58251,127],{"class":58},[44,58253,18120],{"class":123},[44,58255,120],{"class":58},[44,58257,41882],{"class":123},[44,58259,127],{"class":58},[44,58261,633],{"class":583},[44,58263,13726],{"class":587},[44,58265,633],{"class":583},[44,58267,5979],{"class":58},[44,58269,58270],{"class":1992},"   # 2\n",[44,58272,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,58274,140],{"class":139},[44,58276,127],{"class":58},[44,58278,18120],{"class":123},[44,58280,120],{"class":58},[44,58282,41882],{"class":123},[44,58284,127],{"class":58},[44,58286,633],{"class":583},[44,58288,13709],{"class":587},[44,58290,633],{"class":583},[44,58292,5979],{"class":58},[44,58294,58295],{"class":1992},"    # 1\n",[44,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,58299,140],{"class":139},[44,58301,127],{"class":58},[44,58303,18120],{"class":123},[44,58305,120],{"class":58},[44,58307,41882],{"class":123},[44,58309,127],{"class":58},[44,58311,633],{"class":583},[44,58313,23142],{"class":587},[44,58315,633],{"class":583},[44,58317,5979],{"class":58},[44,58319,58320],{"class":1992}," # 0\n",[20,58322,58323,58324,58326,58327,58329,58330,120],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58325,57915],{}," works, but using ",[15,58328,4503],{}," is often simpler. See ",[176,58331,6816],{"href":6815},[30,58333,58335],{"id":58334},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58337,58338,58340],{},[15,58339,57920],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58342,58343],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58345,448],{},[205,58347,58348,58351,58354,58361],{},[208,58349,58350],{},"matches are based on equality",[208,58352,58353],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[208,58355,58356,2495,58358,58360],{},[15,58357,63],{},[15,58359,4226],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[208,58362,58363],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1044,58365,58367],{"id":58366},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,58369,58371],{"className":37,"code":58370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58372,58373,58406,58430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58376,4692],{"class":50},[44,58378,55],{"class":54},[44,58380,1954],{"class":58},[44,58382,633],{"class":583},[44,58384,636],{"class":587},[44,58386,633],{"class":583},[44,58388,66],{"class":58},[44,58390,643],{"class":583},[44,58392,58393],{"class":587},"Apple",[44,58395,633],{"class":583},[44,58397,66],{"class":58},[44,58399,643],{"class":583},[44,58401,636],{"class":587},[44,58403,633],{"class":583},[44,58405,1967],{"class":58},[44,58407,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58409,140],{"class":139},[44,58411,127],{"class":58},[44,58413,4734],{"class":123},[44,58415,120],{"class":58},[44,58417,41882],{"class":123},[44,58419,127],{"class":58},[44,58421,633],{"class":583},[44,58423,636],{"class":587},[44,58425,633],{"class":583},[44,58427,5979],{"class":58},[44,58429,52040],{"class":1992},[44,58431,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58433,140],{"class":139},[44,58435,127],{"class":58},[44,58437,4734],{"class":123},[44,58439,120],{"class":58},[44,58441,41882],{"class":123},[44,58443,127],{"class":58},[44,58445,633],{"class":583},[44,58447,58393],{"class":587},[44,58449,633],{"class":583},[44,58451,5979],{"class":58},[44,58453,28399],{"class":1992},[20,58455,58456,2495,58458,58461],{},[15,58457,850],{},[15,58459,58460],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1044,58463,58465,2495,58467,58469],{"id":58464},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58466,63],{},[15,58468,4226],{}," can match",[35,58471,58473],{"className":37,"code":58472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58474,58475,58499,58519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58476,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58478,4441],{"class":50},[44,58480,55],{"class":54},[44,58482,1954],{"class":58},[44,58484,63],{"class":62},[44,58486,66],{"class":58},[44,58488,4537],{"class":4471},[44,58490,66],{"class":58},[44,58492,69],{"class":62},[44,58494,66],{"class":58},[44,58496,2212],{"class":62},[44,58498,1967],{"class":58},[44,58500,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58502,140],{"class":139},[44,58504,127],{"class":58},[44,58506,5976],{"class":123},[44,58508,120],{"class":58},[44,58510,41882],{"class":123},[44,58512,127],{"class":58},[44,58514,63],{"class":62},[44,58516,5979],{"class":58},[44,58518,51543],{"class":1992},[44,58520,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58522,140],{"class":139},[44,58524,127],{"class":58},[44,58526,5976],{"class":123},[44,58528,120],{"class":58},[44,58530,41882],{"class":123},[44,58532,127],{"class":58},[44,58534,4226],{"class":4471},[44,58536,5979],{"class":58},[44,58538,51395],{"class":1992},[20,58540,5030],{},[20,58542,58543],{},"In Python:",[205,58545,58546,58551],{},[208,58547,58548],{},[15,58549,58550],{},"True == 1",[208,58552,58553],{},[15,58554,58555],{},"False == 0",[20,58557,54279,58558,58560],{},[15,58559,57915],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1044,58562,58564],{"id":58563},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,58566,58568],{"className":37,"code":58567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58569,58570,58612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58571,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58573,8399],{"class":50},[44,58575,55],{"class":54},[44,58577,56919],{"class":58},[44,58579,63],{"class":62},[44,58581,66],{"class":58},[44,58583,69],{"class":62},[44,58585,18680],{"class":58},[44,58587,1954],{"class":58},[44,58589,95],{"class":62},[44,58591,66],{"class":58},[44,58593,79],{"class":62},[44,58595,18680],{"class":58},[44,58597,1954],{"class":58},[44,58599,63],{"class":62},[44,58601,66],{"class":58},[44,58603,69],{"class":62},[44,58605,18680],{"class":58},[44,58607,1954],{"class":58},[44,58609,63],{"class":62},[44,58611,53868],{"class":58},[44,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58615,140],{"class":139},[44,58617,127],{"class":58},[44,58619,8430],{"class":123},[44,58621,120],{"class":58},[44,58623,41882],{"class":123},[44,58625,3609],{"class":58},[44,58627,63],{"class":62},[44,58629,66],{"class":58},[44,58631,69],{"class":62},[44,58633,5352],{"class":58},[44,58635,52040],{"class":1992},[20,58637,58638],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,58640,58642],{"id":58641},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1044,58644,58646],{"id":58645},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,58648,58650],{"className":37,"code":58649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58651,58652,58680,58698,58702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58653,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58655,884],{"class":50},[44,58657,55],{"class":54},[44,58659,1954],{"class":58},[44,58661,2958],{"class":62},[44,58663,66],{"class":58},[44,58665,8410],{"class":62},[44,58667,66],{"class":58},[44,58669,6622],{"class":62},[44,58671,66],{"class":58},[44,58673,8415],{"class":62},[44,58675,66],{"class":58},[44,58677,6622],{"class":62},[44,58679,1967],{"class":58},[44,58681,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58683,112],{"class":50},[44,58685,55],{"class":54},[44,58687,975],{"class":50},[44,58689,120],{"class":58},[44,58691,41882],{"class":123},[44,58693,127],{"class":58},[44,58695,2958],{"class":62},[44,58697,133],{"class":58},[44,58699,58700],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58701,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,58703,58704,58706,58708,58710],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,58705,140],{"class":139},[44,58707,127],{"class":58},[44,58709,145],{"class":123},[44,58711,133],{"class":58},[20,58713,150],{},[35,58715,58716],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58717,58718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58719,58720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58721,47240],{"class":62},[1044,58723,58725],{"id":58724},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,58727,58729],{"className":37,"code":58728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58730,58731,58771,58793,58797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58732,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58734,4692],{"class":50},[44,58736,55],{"class":54},[44,58738,1954],{"class":58},[44,58740,633],{"class":583},[44,58742,2122],{"class":587},[44,58744,633],{"class":583},[44,58746,66],{"class":58},[44,58748,643],{"class":583},[44,58750,2131],{"class":587},[44,58752,633],{"class":583},[44,58754,66],{"class":58},[44,58756,643],{"class":583},[44,58758,2122],{"class":587},[44,58760,633],{"class":583},[44,58762,66],{"class":58},[44,58764,643],{"class":583},[44,58766,2140],{"class":587},[44,58768,633],{"class":583},[44,58770,1967],{"class":58},[44,58772,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58774,112],{"class":50},[44,58776,55],{"class":54},[44,58778,6786],{"class":50},[44,58780,120],{"class":58},[44,58782,41882],{"class":123},[44,58784,127],{"class":58},[44,58786,633],{"class":583},[44,58788,2122],{"class":587},[44,58790,633],{"class":583},[44,58792,133],{"class":58},[44,58794,58795],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58796,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,58798,58799,58801,58803,58805],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,58800,140],{"class":139},[44,58802,127],{"class":58},[44,58804,145],{"class":123},[44,58806,133],{"class":58},[20,58808,150],{},[35,58810,58811],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58812,58813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58814,58815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58816,17675],{"class":62},[1044,58818,58820],{"id":58819},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,58822,58824],{"className":37,"code":58823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58825,58826,58850,58868,58872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58827,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58829,884],{"class":50},[44,58831,55],{"class":54},[44,58833,1954],{"class":58},[44,58835,63],{"class":62},[44,58837,66],{"class":58},[44,58839,69],{"class":62},[44,58841,66],{"class":58},[44,58843,74],{"class":62},[44,58845,66],{"class":58},[44,58847,79],{"class":62},[44,58849,1967],{"class":58},[44,58851,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58853,112],{"class":50},[44,58855,55],{"class":54},[44,58857,975],{"class":50},[44,58859,120],{"class":58},[44,58861,41882],{"class":123},[44,58863,127],{"class":58},[44,58865,357],{"class":62},[44,58867,133],{"class":58},[44,58869,58870],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58871,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,58873,58874,58876,58878,58880],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,58875,140],{"class":139},[44,58877,127],{"class":58},[44,58879,145],{"class":123},[44,58881,133],{"class":58},[20,58883,150],{},[35,58885,58886],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58887,58888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58889,58890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58891,47875],{"class":62},[1044,58893,58895],{"id":58894},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,58897,58899],{"className":37,"code":58898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58900,58901,58947,58969,58973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58902,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58904,9788],{"class":50},[44,58906,55],{"class":54},[44,58908,56919],{"class":58},[44,58910,63],{"class":62},[44,58912,66],{"class":58},[44,58914,69],{"class":62},[44,58916,18680],{"class":58},[44,58918,1954],{"class":58},[44,58920,63],{"class":62},[44,58922,66],{"class":58},[44,58924,69],{"class":62},[44,58926,18680],{"class":58},[44,58928,1954],{"class":58},[44,58930,339],{"class":62},[44,58932,66],{"class":58},[44,58934,74],{"class":62},[44,58936,18680],{"class":58},[44,58938,1954],{"class":58},[44,58940,63],{"class":62},[44,58942,66],{"class":58},[44,58944,69],{"class":62},[44,58946,53868],{"class":58},[44,58948,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,58950,112],{"class":50},[44,58952,55],{"class":54},[44,58954,15184],{"class":50},[44,58956,120],{"class":58},[44,58958,41882],{"class":123},[44,58960,3609],{"class":58},[44,58962,63],{"class":62},[44,58964,66],{"class":58},[44,58966,69],{"class":62},[44,58968,4509],{"class":58},[44,58970,58971],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,58972,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,58974,58975,58977,58979,58981],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,58976,140],{"class":139},[44,58978,127],{"class":58},[44,58980,145],{"class":123},[44,58982,133],{"class":58},[20,58984,150],{},[35,58986,58987],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58988,58989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58990,58991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58992,47240],{"class":62},[30,58994,5578,58996],{"id":58995},"when-to-use-count",[15,58997,57915],{},[20,58999,1296,59000,59002],{},[15,59001,57915],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,59004,59005],{},"Good use cases:",[205,59007,59008,59011,59014],{},[208,59009,59010],{},"counting one specific item",[208,59012,59013],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[208,59015,59016],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,59018,295],{},[35,59020,59022],{"className":37,"code":59021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,59023,59024,59065,59089,59093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59025,59026,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59027,59028],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,59030,55],{"class":54},[44,59032,1954],{"class":58},[44,59034,633],{"class":583},[44,59036,9279],{"class":587},[44,59038,633],{"class":583},[44,59040,66],{"class":58},[44,59042,643],{"class":583},[44,59044,9220],{"class":587},[44,59046,633],{"class":583},[44,59048,66],{"class":58},[44,59050,643],{"class":583},[44,59052,9279],{"class":587},[44,59054,633],{"class":583},[44,59056,66],{"class":58},[44,59058,643],{"class":583},[44,59060,9279],{"class":587},[44,59062,633],{"class":583},[44,59064,1967],{"class":58},[44,59066,59067,59070,59072,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59068,59069],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,59071,55],{"class":54},[44,59073,59074],{"class":50}," votes",[44,59076,120],{"class":58},[44,59078,41882],{"class":123},[44,59080,127],{"class":58},[44,59082,633],{"class":583},[44,59084,9279],{"class":587},[44,59086,633],{"class":583},[44,59088,133],{"class":58},[44,59090,59091],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,59092,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,59094,59095,59097,59099,59102],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,59096,140],{"class":139},[44,59098,127],{"class":58},[44,59100,59101],{"class":123},"yes_votes",[44,59103,133],{"class":58},[20,59105,59106,59108],{},[15,59107,57915],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,59110,59111,59112,2495,59114,120],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[176,59113,53397],{"href":51604},[176,59115,59117],{"href":59116},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,59119,3454],{"id":3453},[20,59121,9069,59122,120],{},[15,59123,57920],{},[1044,59125,59127],{"id":59126},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59129,59130,59132],{},[15,59131,57920],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,59134,59136],{"className":37,"code":59135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59137,59138,59171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59141,4692],{"class":50},[44,59143,55],{"class":54},[44,59145,1954],{"class":58},[44,59147,633],{"class":583},[44,59149,59150],{"class":587},"apple pie",[44,59152,633],{"class":583},[44,59154,66],{"class":58},[44,59156,643],{"class":583},[44,59158,646],{"class":587},[44,59160,633],{"class":583},[44,59162,66],{"class":58},[44,59164,643],{"class":583},[44,59166,59150],{"class":587},[44,59168,633],{"class":583},[44,59170,1967],{"class":58},[44,59172,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59174,140],{"class":139},[44,59176,127],{"class":58},[44,59178,4734],{"class":123},[44,59180,120],{"class":58},[44,59182,41882],{"class":123},[44,59184,127],{"class":58},[44,59186,633],{"class":583},[44,59188,636],{"class":587},[44,59190,633],{"class":583},[44,59192,5979],{"class":58},[44,59194,51872],{"class":1992},[20,59196,3116,59197,1447],{},[15,59198,2748],{},[20,59200,29680,59201,59203,59204,120],{},[15,59202,850],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59205,59206],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59208,59209,59210,120],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59211,59212],{},"str.count()",[1044,59214,9075,59216,9078,59218,428,59220],{"id":59215},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59217,57915],{},[15,59219,4226],{},[15,59221,4294],{},[20,59223,59224,59226],{},[15,59225,57915],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,59228,59230],{"className":37,"code":59229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59231,59232,59256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59233,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59235,884],{"class":50},[44,59237,55],{"class":54},[44,59239,1954],{"class":58},[44,59241,63],{"class":62},[44,59243,66],{"class":58},[44,59245,69],{"class":62},[44,59247,66],{"class":58},[44,59249,69],{"class":62},[44,59251,66],{"class":58},[44,59253,74],{"class":62},[44,59255,1967],{"class":58},[44,59257,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59259,140],{"class":139},[44,59261,127],{"class":58},[44,59263,4268],{"class":123},[44,59265,120],{"class":58},[44,59267,41882],{"class":123},[44,59269,127],{"class":58},[44,59271,339],{"class":62},[44,59273,5979],{"class":58},[44,59275,52040],{"class":1992},[20,59277,59278],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,59280,59282],{"className":37,"code":59281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59283,59284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59285,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59287,140],{"class":139},[44,59289,127],{"class":58},[44,59291,339],{"class":62},[44,59293,21792],{"class":4496},[44,59295,975],{"class":123},[44,59297,4281],{"class":58},[44,59299,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,59301,59303],{"id":59302},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,59305,59307],{"className":37,"code":59306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59308,59309,59342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59310,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59338,59340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59312,5612],{"class":50},[44,59314,55],{"class":54},[44,59316,1954],{"class":58},[44,59318,633],{"class":583},[44,59320,8296],{"class":587},[44,59322,633],{"class":583},[44,59324,66],{"class":58},[44,59326,643],{"class":583},[44,59328,20836],{"class":587},[44,59330,633],{"class":583},[44,59332,66],{"class":58},[44,59334,643],{"class":583},[44,59336,59337],{"class":587},"SAM",[44,59339,633],{"class":583},[44,59341,1967],{"class":58},[44,59343,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59345,140],{"class":139},[44,59347,127],{"class":58},[44,59349,5656],{"class":123},[44,59351,120],{"class":58},[44,59353,41882],{"class":123},[44,59355,127],{"class":58},[44,59357,633],{"class":583},[44,59359,20836],{"class":587},[44,59361,633],{"class":583},[44,59363,5979],{"class":58},[44,59365,28399],{"class":1992},[20,59367,59368,59369,59372],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59370,59371],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1044,59374,30269,59376,34168],{"id":59375},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59377,57915],{},[20,59379,59380],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,59382,59384],{"className":37,"code":59383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59385,59386,59396,59410,59428,59442,59454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59387,59388,59390,59392,59394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59389,140],{"class":139},[44,59391,127],{"class":58},[44,59393,8961],{"class":123},[44,59395,133],{"class":58},[44,59397,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59399,140],{"class":139},[44,59401,127],{"class":58},[44,59403,549],{"class":548},[44,59405,127],{"class":58},[44,59407,8961],{"class":123},[44,59409,556],{"class":58},[44,59411,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,59413,140],{"class":139},[44,59415,127],{"class":58},[44,59417,8961],{"class":123},[44,59419,120],{"class":58},[44,59421,41882],{"class":123},[44,59423,127],{"class":58},[44,59425,3100],{"class":123},[44,59427,556],{"class":58},[44,59429,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,59431,140],{"class":139},[44,59433,127],{"class":58},[44,59435,3075],{"class":123},[44,59437,4503],{"class":4496},[44,59439,9018],{"class":123},[44,59441,133],{"class":58},[44,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,59445,6576],{"class":4496},[44,59447,6579],{"class":50},[44,59449,4503],{"class":4496},[44,59451,9018],{"class":50},[44,59453,7011],{"class":58},[44,59455,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,59457,8690],{"class":139},[44,59459,127],{"class":58},[44,59461,42402],{"class":139},[44,59463,127],{"class":58},[44,59465,23928],{"class":123},[44,59467,556],{"class":58},[20,59469,59470],{},"These checks can help you see:",[205,59472,59473,59476,59479],{},[208,59474,59475],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[208,59477,59478],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[208,59480,59481],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59483,59484],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[205,59486,59487,59492,59495,59502],{},[208,59488,51116,59489,59491],{},[15,59490,57915],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[208,59493,59494],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[208,59496,11726,59497,59499,59500],{},[15,59498,57920],{}," with string ",[15,59501,57915],{},[208,59503,59504],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,59506,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,59508,2482,59510,59512],{"id":59509},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59511,57920],{}," change the list?",[20,59514,59515],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1044,59517,59519],{"id":59518},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59521,12527,59522,120],{},[15,59523,2748],{},[1044,59525,5788,59527,59529],{"id":59526},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59528,57920],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59531,59532],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1044,59534,15521,59536,59538],{"id":59535},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59537,57920],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59540,42775,59541,2495,59543,59545],{},[15,59542,58460],{},[15,59544,850],{}," are different values.",[1044,59547,5776,59549,59551,59552,1447],{"id":59548},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59550,4226],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59553,63],{},[20,59555,9407,59556,59558,59559,2495,59561,59558,59563,120],{},[15,59557,4226],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59560,63],{},[15,59562,4294],{},[15,59564,2748],{},[30,59566,2528],{"id":2527},[205,59568,59569,59573,59579,59583,59591,59598],{},[208,59570,59571],{},[176,59572,53397],{"href":51604},[208,59574,59575],{},[176,59576,59578],{"href":59577},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[208,59580,59581],{},[176,59582,7553],{"href":6815},[208,59584,59585],{},[176,59586,56145,59588,2544],{"href":59587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59589,59590],{},"index()",[208,59592,59593],{},[176,59594,4197,59596],{"href":59595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59597,42984],{},[208,59599,59600],{},[176,59601,59602],{"href":59116},"What is a list in Python",[2554,59604,59605],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":59607},[59608,59609,59611,59612,59613,59619,59625,59627,59635,59646],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":58012,"depth":85,"text":59610},"What list.count() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642},{"id":58334,"depth":85,"text":58335,"children":59614},[59615,59616,59618],{"id":58366,"depth":109,"text":58367},{"id":58464,"depth":109,"text":59617},"1 and True can match",{"id":58563,"depth":109,"text":58564},{"id":58641,"depth":85,"text":58642,"children":59620},[59621,59622,59623,59624],{"id":58645,"depth":109,"text":58646},{"id":58724,"depth":109,"text":58725},{"id":58819,"depth":109,"text":58820},{"id":58894,"depth":109,"text":58895},{"id":58995,"depth":85,"text":59626},"When to use count()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":59628},[59629,59630,59632,59633],{"id":59126,"depth":109,"text":59127},{"id":59215,"depth":109,"text":59631},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59302,"depth":109,"text":59303},{"id":59375,"depth":109,"text":59634},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":59636},[59637,59639,59640,59642,59644],{"id":59509,"depth":109,"text":59638},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59518,"depth":109,"text":59519},{"id":59526,"depth":109,"text":59641},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59535,"depth":109,"text":59643},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59548,"depth":109,"text":59645},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57907,"description":59647},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59654,"title":59655,"body":59656,"description":61619,"extension":2593,"meta":61620,"navigation":364,"path":61621,"seo":61622,"stem":61623,"__hash__":61624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59657,"toc":61582},[59658,59661,59664,59666,59794,59798,59879,59890,59892,59911,59915,59918,59921,59939,59941,59984,59988,60013,60022,60026,60031,60034,60151,60155,60224,60228,60240,60244,60247,60288,60292,60305,60308,60393,60397,60430,60437,60443,60448,60450,60462,60466,60499,60503,60535,60539,60576,60580,60600,60604,60638,60642,60671,60682,60686,60689,60692,60705,60762,60766,60805,60811,60814,60816,60819,60823,60826,60851,60853,60878,60885,60888,60933,60937,60956,60959,60998,61005,61010,61044,61048,61149,61156,61189,61193,61219,61223,61226,61264,61267,61304,61308,61311,61330,61334,61395,61397,61415,61419,61422,61425,61454,61456,61460,61463,61471,61475,61478,61498,61504,61510,61514,61517,61524,61532,61534,61573,61579],[10,59659,59655],{"id":59660},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59662,59663],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,59665,33],{"id":32},[35,59667,59669],{"className":37,"code":59668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59670,59671,59691,59723,59731,59749,59753,59763,59773,59784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59672,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59674,884],{"class":50},[44,59676,55],{"class":54},[44,59678,1954],{"class":58},[44,59680,63],{"class":62},[44,59682,66],{"class":58},[44,59684,69],{"class":62},[44,59686,66],{"class":58},[44,59688,74],{"class":62},[44,59690,1967],{"class":58},[44,59692,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59694,5612],{"class":50},[44,59696,55],{"class":54},[44,59698,1954],{"class":58},[44,59700,633],{"class":583},[44,59702,13497],{"class":587},[44,59704,633],{"class":583},[44,59706,66],{"class":58},[44,59708,643],{"class":583},[44,59710,36562],{"class":587},[44,59712,633],{"class":583},[44,59714,66],{"class":58},[44,59716,643],{"class":583},[44,59718,36571],{"class":587},[44,59720,633],{"class":583},[44,59722,1967],{"class":58},[44,59724,59725,59727,59729],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,59726,56556],{"class":50},[44,59728,55],{"class":54},[44,59730,8459],{"class":58},[44,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,59734,36712],{"class":50},[44,59736,55],{"class":54},[44,59738,23177],{"class":548},[44,59740,127],{"class":58},[44,59742,633],{"class":583},[44,59744,42183],{"class":587},[44,59746,633],{"class":583},[44,59748,133],{"class":58},[44,59750,59751],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,59752,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,59754,59755,59757,59759,59761],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,59756,140],{"class":139},[44,59758,127],{"class":58},[44,59760,4268],{"class":123},[44,59762,133],{"class":58},[44,59764,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,59766,140],{"class":139},[44,59768,127],{"class":58},[44,59770,5656],{"class":123},[44,59772,133],{"class":58},[44,59774,59775,59777,59779,59782],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,59776,140],{"class":139},[44,59778,127],{"class":58},[44,59780,59781],{"class":123},"empty_list",[44,59783,133],{"class":58},[44,59785,59786,59788,59790,59792],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,59787,140],{"class":139},[44,59789,127],{"class":58},[44,59791,36765],{"class":123},[44,59793,133],{"class":58},[20,59795,59796],{},[197,59797,150],{},[35,59799,59801],{"className":37,"code":59800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59802,59803,59819,59847,59851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59804,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59806,4521],{"class":58},[44,59808,63],{"class":62},[44,59810,66],{"class":58},[44,59812,69],{"class":62},[44,59814,66],{"class":58},[44,59816,74],{"class":62},[44,59818,1967],{"class":58},[44,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59822,4521],{"class":58},[44,59824,590],{"class":583},[44,59826,13497],{"class":587},[44,59828,590],{"class":583},[44,59830,66],{"class":58},[44,59832,584],{"class":583},[44,59834,36562],{"class":587},[44,59836,590],{"class":583},[44,59838,66],{"class":58},[44,59840,584],{"class":583},[44,59842,36571],{"class":587},[44,59844,590],{"class":583},[44,59846,1967],{"class":58},[44,59848,59849],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,59850,38919],{"class":58},[44,59852,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,59854,4521],{"class":58},[44,59856,590],{"class":583},[44,59858,176],{"class":587},[44,59860,590],{"class":583},[44,59862,66],{"class":58},[44,59864,584],{"class":583},[44,59866,130],{"class":587},[44,59868,590],{"class":583},[44,59870,66],{"class":58},[44,59872,584],{"class":583},[44,59874,431],{"class":587},[44,59876,590],{"class":583},[44,59878,1967],{"class":58},[20,59880,59881,59882,59884,59885,59887,59888,120],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59883,4407],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59886,25399],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59889,36820],{},[30,59891,15781],{"id":15780},[205,59893,59894,59897,59900,59903,59908],{},[208,59895,59896],{},"What a list is in Python",[208,59898,59899],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[208,59901,59902],{},"How to create an empty list",[208,59904,59905,59906,2930],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59907,25399],{},[208,59909,59910],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,59912,59914],{"id":59913},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59916,59917],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59919,59920],{},"This means:",[205,59922,59923,59926,59929,59932],{},[208,59924,59925],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[208,59927,59928],{},"The order of items is kept",[208,59930,59931],{},"A list can hold different data types",[208,59933,59934,59935,59938],{},"A list is ",[197,59936,59937],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59940,295],{},[35,59942,59944],{"className":37,"code":59943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59945,59946,59970,59974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59947,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59949,8399],{"class":50},[44,59951,55],{"class":54},[44,59953,1954],{"class":58},[44,59955,633],{"class":583},[44,59957,636],{"class":587},[44,59959,633],{"class":583},[44,59961,66],{"class":58},[44,59963,6622],{"class":62},[44,59965,66],{"class":58},[44,59967,4537],{"class":4471},[44,59969,1967],{"class":58},[44,59971,59972],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,59973,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,59975,59976,59978,59980,59982],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,59977,140],{"class":139},[44,59979,127],{"class":58},[44,59981,8430],{"class":123},[44,59983,133],{"class":58},[20,59985,59986],{},[197,59987,150],{},[35,59989,59991],{"className":37,"code":59990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59992,59993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59996,4521],{"class":58},[44,59998,590],{"class":583},[44,60000,636],{"class":587},[44,60002,590],{"class":583},[44,60004,66],{"class":58},[44,60006,6622],{"class":62},[44,60008,66],{"class":58},[44,60010,4537],{"class":4471},[44,60012,1967],{"class":58},[20,60014,60015,60016,428,60019,120],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[176,60017,60018],{"href":51604},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[176,60020,60021],{"href":59116},"What is a List in Python?",[30,60023,60025],{"id":60024},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,60027,59881,60028,60030],{},[15,60029,4407],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,60032,60033],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,60035,60037],{"className":37,"code":60036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,60038,60039,60059,60091,60116,60120,60130,60140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60040,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60042,884],{"class":50},[44,60044,55],{"class":54},[44,60046,1954],{"class":58},[44,60048,63],{"class":62},[44,60050,66],{"class":58},[44,60052,69],{"class":62},[44,60054,66],{"class":58},[44,60056,74],{"class":62},[44,60058,1967],{"class":58},[44,60060,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60062,5612],{"class":50},[44,60064,55],{"class":54},[44,60066,1954],{"class":58},[44,60068,633],{"class":583},[44,60070,13497],{"class":587},[44,60072,633],{"class":583},[44,60074,66],{"class":58},[44,60076,643],{"class":583},[44,60078,36562],{"class":587},[44,60080,633],{"class":583},[44,60082,66],{"class":58},[44,60084,643],{"class":583},[44,60086,36571],{"class":587},[44,60088,633],{"class":583},[44,60090,1967],{"class":58},[44,60092,60093,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60094,60095],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,60097,55],{"class":54},[44,60099,1954],{"class":58},[44,60101,2958],{"class":62},[44,60103,66],{"class":58},[44,60105,643],{"class":583},[44,60107,4464],{"class":587},[44,60109,633],{"class":583},[44,60111,66],{"class":58},[44,60113,4528],{"class":4471},[44,60115,1967],{"class":58},[44,60117,60118],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,60119,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60121,60122,60124,60126,60128],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,60123,140],{"class":139},[44,60125,127],{"class":58},[44,60127,4268],{"class":123},[44,60129,133],{"class":58},[44,60131,60132,60134,60136,60138],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,60133,140],{"class":139},[44,60135,127],{"class":58},[44,60137,5656],{"class":123},[44,60139,133],{"class":58},[44,60141,60142,60144,60146,60149],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,60143,140],{"class":139},[44,60145,127],{"class":58},[44,60147,60148],{"class":123},"mixed",[44,60150,133],{"class":58},[20,60152,60153],{},[197,60154,150],{},[35,60156,60158],{"className":37,"code":60157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60159,60160,60176,60204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60161,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60163,4521],{"class":58},[44,60165,63],{"class":62},[44,60167,66],{"class":58},[44,60169,69],{"class":62},[44,60171,66],{"class":58},[44,60173,74],{"class":62},[44,60175,1967],{"class":58},[44,60177,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60179,4521],{"class":58},[44,60181,590],{"class":583},[44,60183,13497],{"class":587},[44,60185,590],{"class":583},[44,60187,66],{"class":58},[44,60189,584],{"class":583},[44,60191,36562],{"class":587},[44,60193,590],{"class":583},[44,60195,66],{"class":58},[44,60197,584],{"class":583},[44,60199,36571],{"class":587},[44,60201,590],{"class":583},[44,60203,1967],{"class":58},[44,60205,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60207,4521],{"class":58},[44,60209,2958],{"class":62},[44,60211,66],{"class":58},[44,60213,584],{"class":583},[44,60215,4464],{"class":587},[44,60217,590],{"class":583},[44,60219,66],{"class":58},[44,60221,4528],{"class":4471},[44,60223,1967],{"class":58},[1044,60225,60227],{"id":60226},"key-points","Key points",[205,60229,60230,60235,60237],{},[208,60231,1296,60232,60234],{},[15,60233,4407],{}," to make a new list",[208,60236,16051],{},[208,60238,60239],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,60241,60243],{"id":60242},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60245,60246],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,60248,60250],{"className":37,"code":60249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60251,60252,60260,60264,60274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60253,60254,60256,60258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60255,8930],{"class":50},[44,60257,55],{"class":54},[44,60259,8459],{"class":58},[44,60261,60262],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60263,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60265,60266,60268,60270,60272],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60267,140],{"class":139},[44,60269,127],{"class":58},[44,60271,8961],{"class":123},[44,60273,133],{"class":58},[44,60275,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,60277,140],{"class":139},[44,60279,127],{"class":58},[44,60281,2441],{"class":139},[44,60283,127],{"class":58},[44,60285,8961],{"class":123},[44,60287,556],{"class":58},[20,60289,60290],{},[197,60291,150],{},[35,60293,60295],{"className":37,"code":60294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,60296,60297,60301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60298,60299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60300,38919],{"class":58},[44,60302,60303],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60304,47875],{"class":62},[20,60306,60307],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,60309,60311],{"className":37,"code":60310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60312,60313,60321,60325,60343,60361,60379,60383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60314,60315,60317,60319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60316,5612],{"class":50},[44,60318,55],{"class":54},[44,60320,8459],{"class":58},[44,60322,60323],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60324,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60326,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60328,5656],{"class":50},[44,60330,120],{"class":58},[44,60332,14170],{"class":123},[44,60334,127],{"class":58},[44,60336,633],{"class":583},[44,60338,13497],{"class":587},[44,60340,633],{"class":583},[44,60342,133],{"class":58},[44,60344,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,60346,5656],{"class":50},[44,60348,120],{"class":58},[44,60350,14170],{"class":123},[44,60352,127],{"class":58},[44,60354,633],{"class":583},[44,60356,36562],{"class":587},[44,60358,633],{"class":583},[44,60360,133],{"class":58},[44,60362,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,60364,5656],{"class":50},[44,60366,120],{"class":58},[44,60368,14170],{"class":123},[44,60370,127],{"class":58},[44,60372,633],{"class":583},[44,60374,36571],{"class":587},[44,60376,633],{"class":583},[44,60378,133],{"class":58},[44,60380,60381],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,60382,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60384,60385,60387,60389,60391],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,60386,140],{"class":139},[44,60388,127],{"class":58},[44,60390,5656],{"class":123},[44,60392,133],{"class":58},[20,60394,60395],{},[197,60396,150],{},[35,60398,60400],{"className":37,"code":60399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60401,60402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60403,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60405,4521],{"class":58},[44,60407,590],{"class":583},[44,60409,13497],{"class":587},[44,60411,590],{"class":583},[44,60413,66],{"class":58},[44,60415,584],{"class":583},[44,60417,36562],{"class":587},[44,60419,590],{"class":583},[44,60421,66],{"class":58},[44,60423,584],{"class":583},[44,60425,36571],{"class":587},[44,60427,590],{"class":583},[44,60429,1967],{"class":58},[20,60431,60432,60433,120],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[176,60434,60435,2544],{"href":57394},[15,60436,53278],{},[30,60438,60440,60441],{"id":60439},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60442,25399],{},[20,60444,1296,60445,60447],{},[15,60446,25399],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60449,6075],{},[205,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458],{},[208,60453,5927],{},[208,60455,5921],{},[208,60457,5924],{},[208,60459,60460],{},[15,60461,36820],{},[1044,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,60467,60469],{"className":37,"code":60468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60470,60471,60489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60472,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60474,36712],{"class":50},[44,60476,55],{"class":54},[44,60478,23177],{"class":548},[44,60480,127],{"class":58},[44,60482,633],{"class":583},[44,60484,42183],{"class":587},[44,60486,633],{"class":583},[44,60488,133],{"class":58},[44,60490,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60492,140],{"class":139},[44,60494,127],{"class":58},[44,60496,36765],{"class":123},[44,60498,133],{"class":58},[20,60500,60501],{},[197,60502,150],{},[35,60504,60505],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60506,60507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60508,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60510,4521],{"class":58},[44,60512,590],{"class":583},[44,60514,176],{"class":587},[44,60516,590],{"class":583},[44,60518,66],{"class":58},[44,60520,584],{"class":583},[44,60522,130],{"class":587},[44,60524,590],{"class":583},[44,60526,66],{"class":58},[44,60528,584],{"class":583},[44,60530,431],{"class":587},[44,60532,590],{"class":583},[44,60534,1967],{"class":58},[1044,60536,60538],{"id":60537},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,60540,60542],{"className":37,"code":60541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60543,60544,60566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60545,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60547,884],{"class":50},[44,60549,55],{"class":54},[44,60551,23177],{"class":548},[44,60553,6128],{"class":58},[44,60555,63],{"class":62},[44,60557,66],{"class":58},[44,60559,69],{"class":62},[44,60561,66],{"class":58},[44,60563,74],{"class":62},[44,60565,556],{"class":58},[44,60567,60568,60570,60572,60574],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60569,140],{"class":139},[44,60571,127],{"class":58},[44,60573,4268],{"class":123},[44,60575,133],{"class":58},[20,60577,60578],{},[197,60579,150],{},[35,60581,60582],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60583,60584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60585,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60587,4521],{"class":58},[44,60589,63],{"class":62},[44,60591,66],{"class":58},[44,60593,69],{"class":62},[44,60595,66],{"class":58},[44,60597,74],{"class":62},[44,60599,1967],{"class":58},[1044,60601,60603],{"id":60602},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,60605,60607],{"className":37,"code":60606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60608,60609,60628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60610,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60622,60624,60626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60612,4441],{"class":50},[44,60614,55],{"class":54},[44,60616,23177],{"class":548},[44,60618,127],{"class":58},[44,60620,60621],{"class":139},"range",[44,60623,127],{"class":58},[44,60625,357],{"class":62},[44,60627,556],{"class":58},[44,60629,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60631,140],{"class":139},[44,60633,127],{"class":58},[44,60635,5976],{"class":123},[44,60637,133],{"class":58},[20,60639,60640],{},[197,60641,150],{},[35,60643,60645],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60646,60647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60650,4521],{"class":58},[44,60652,2748],{"class":62},[44,60654,66],{"class":58},[44,60656,2212],{"class":62},[44,60658,66],{"class":58},[44,60660,69],{"class":62},[44,60662,66],{"class":58},[44,60664,74],{"class":62},[44,60666,66],{"class":58},[44,60668,79],{"class":62},[44,60670,1967],{"class":58},[20,60672,60673,60675,60676,120],{},[15,60674,25399],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[176,60677,60679,60681],{"href":60678},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60680,25399],{},": Function Explained",[30,60683,60685],{"id":60684},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60687,60688],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60690,60691],{},"Examples include:",[205,60693,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702],{},[208,60695,5927],{},[208,60697,41047],{},[208,60699,52671],{},[208,60701,41217],{},[208,60703,60704],{},"other lists",[35,60706,60708],{"className":37,"code":60707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60709,60710,60748,60752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60711,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60713,9788],{"class":50},[44,60715,55],{"class":54},[44,60717,1954],{"class":58},[44,60719,633],{"class":583},[44,60721,13497],{"class":587},[44,60723,633],{"class":583},[44,60725,66],{"class":58},[44,60727,9928],{"class":62},[44,60729,66],{"class":58},[44,60731,4537],{"class":4471},[44,60733,66],{"class":58},[44,60735,1954],{"class":58},[44,60737,63],{"class":62},[44,60739,66],{"class":58},[44,60741,69],{"class":62},[44,60743,66],{"class":58},[44,60745,74],{"class":62},[44,60747,53868],{"class":58},[44,60749,60750],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60751,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60753,60754,60756,60758,60760],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60755,140],{"class":139},[44,60757,127],{"class":58},[44,60759,9827],{"class":123},[44,60761,133],{"class":58},[20,60763,60764],{},[197,60765,150],{},[35,60767,60769],{"className":37,"code":60768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60770,60771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60772,60773,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60774,4521],{"class":58},[44,60776,590],{"class":583},[44,60778,13497],{"class":587},[44,60780,590],{"class":583},[44,60782,66],{"class":58},[44,60784,9928],{"class":62},[44,60786,66],{"class":58},[44,60788,4537],{"class":4471},[44,60790,66],{"class":58},[44,60792,1954],{"class":58},[44,60794,63],{"class":62},[44,60796,66],{"class":58},[44,60798,69],{"class":62},[44,60800,66],{"class":58},[44,60802,74],{"class":62},[44,60804,53868],{"class":58},[20,60806,60807,60808,120],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[197,60809,60810],{},"nested list",[20,60812,60813],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,60815,1580],{"id":1579},[20,60817,60818],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1044,60820,60822],{"id":60821},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60824,60825],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,60827,60829],{"className":37,"code":60828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60830,60831,60835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60832,60833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60834,5154],{"class":1992},[44,60836,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60838,884],{"class":50},[44,60840,55],{"class":54},[44,60842,1954],{"class":58},[44,60844,63],{"class":62},[44,60846,69],{"class":62},[44,60848,74],{"class":62},[44,60850,1967],{"class":58},[20,60852,11426],{},[35,60854,60856],{"className":37,"code":60855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60857,60858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60859,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60861,884],{"class":50},[44,60863,55],{"class":54},[44,60865,1954],{"class":58},[44,60867,63],{"class":62},[44,60869,66],{"class":58},[44,60871,69],{"class":62},[44,60873,66],{"class":58},[44,60875,74],{"class":62},[44,60877,1967],{"class":58},[1044,60879,863,60881,11711,60883],{"id":60880},"using-instead-of",[15,60882,7984],{},[15,60884,4407],{},[20,60886,60887],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,60889,60891],{"className":37,"code":60890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60892,60893,60914,60918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60894,60895,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60896,60897],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,60899,55],{"class":54},[44,60901,9859],{"class":58},[44,60903,63],{"class":62},[44,60905,66],{"class":58},[44,60907,69],{"class":62},[44,60909,66],{"class":58},[44,60911,74],{"class":62},[44,60913,133],{"class":58},[44,60915,60916],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60917,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,60919,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928,60931],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,60921,140],{"class":139},[44,60923,127],{"class":58},[44,60925,549],{"class":548},[44,60927,127],{"class":58},[44,60929,60930],{"class":123},"my_values",[44,60932,556],{"class":58},[20,60934,60935],{},[197,60936,150],{},[35,60938,60940],{"className":37,"code":60939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60941,60942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60943,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60945,576],{"class":54},[44,60947,580],{"class":579},[44,60949,584],{"class":583},[44,60951,49577],{"class":587},[44,60953,590],{"class":583},[44,60955,593],{"class":54},[20,60957,60958],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60960,60962],{"className":37,"code":60961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60963,60964,60984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60965,60966,60968,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60967,60897],{"class":50},[44,60969,55],{"class":54},[44,60971,1954],{"class":58},[44,60973,63],{"class":62},[44,60975,66],{"class":58},[44,60977,69],{"class":62},[44,60979,66],{"class":58},[44,60981,74],{"class":62},[44,60983,1967],{"class":58},[44,60985,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,60987,140],{"class":139},[44,60989,127],{"class":58},[44,60991,549],{"class":548},[44,60993,127],{"class":58},[44,60995,60930],{"class":123},[44,60997,556],{"class":58},[1044,60999,9075,61001,61004],{"id":61000},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,61002,61003],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,61006,61007,61009],{},[15,61008,25399],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,61011,61013],{"className":37,"code":61012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,61014,61015,61034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61016,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61030,61032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61018,112],{"class":50},[44,61020,55],{"class":54},[44,61022,23177],{"class":548},[44,61024,127],{"class":58},[44,61026,633],{"class":583},[44,61028,61029],{"class":587},"hello world",[44,61031,633],{"class":583},[44,61033,133],{"class":58},[44,61035,61036,61038,61040,61042],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61037,140],{"class":139},[44,61039,127],{"class":58},[44,61041,145],{"class":123},[44,61043,133],{"class":58},[20,61045,61046],{},[197,61047,150],{},[35,61049,61051],{"className":37,"code":61050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61052,61053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61054,61055,61057,61059,61062,61064,61066,61068,61071,61073,61075,61077,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109,61112,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122,61124,61126,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143,61145,61147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61056,4521],{"class":58},[44,61058,590],{"class":583},[44,61060,61061],{"class":587},"h",[44,61063,590],{"class":583},[44,61065,66],{"class":58},[44,61067,584],{"class":583},[44,61069,61070],{"class":587},"e",[44,61072,590],{"class":583},[44,61074,66],{"class":58},[44,61076,584],{"class":583},[44,61078,61079],{"class":587},"l",[44,61081,590],{"class":583},[44,61083,66],{"class":58},[44,61085,584],{"class":583},[44,61087,61079],{"class":587},[44,61089,590],{"class":583},[44,61091,66],{"class":58},[44,61093,584],{"class":583},[44,61095,61096],{"class":587},"o",[44,61098,590],{"class":583},[44,61100,66],{"class":58},[44,61102,584],{"class":583},[44,61104,584],{"class":583},[44,61106,66],{"class":58},[44,61108,584],{"class":583},[44,61110,61111],{"class":587},"w",[44,61113,590],{"class":583},[44,61115,66],{"class":58},[44,61117,584],{"class":583},[44,61119,61096],{"class":587},[44,61121,590],{"class":583},[44,61123,66],{"class":58},[44,61125,584],{"class":583},[44,61127,61128],{"class":587},"r",[44,61130,590],{"class":583},[44,61132,66],{"class":58},[44,61134,584],{"class":583},[44,61136,61079],{"class":587},[44,61138,590],{"class":583},[44,61140,66],{"class":58},[44,61142,584],{"class":583},[44,61144,19386],{"class":587},[44,61146,590],{"class":583},[44,61148,1967],{"class":58},[20,61150,61151,61152,61155],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61153,61154],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,61157,61159],{"className":37,"code":61158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61160,61161,61179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61162,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173,61175,61177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61164,4692],{"class":50},[44,61166,55],{"class":54},[44,61168,643],{"class":583},[44,61170,61029],{"class":587},[44,61172,633],{"class":583},[44,61174,120],{"class":58},[44,61176,35088],{"class":123},[44,61178,571],{"class":58},[44,61180,61181,61183,61185,61187],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61182,140],{"class":139},[44,61184,127],{"class":58},[44,61186,4734],{"class":123},[44,61188,133],{"class":58},[20,61190,61191],{},[197,61192,150],{},[35,61194,61196],{"className":37,"code":61195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61197,61198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61199,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208,61210,61212,61215,61217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61201,4521],{"class":58},[44,61203,590],{"class":583},[44,61205,4464],{"class":587},[44,61207,590],{"class":583},[44,61209,66],{"class":58},[44,61211,584],{"class":583},[44,61213,61214],{"class":587},"world",[44,61216,590],{"class":583},[44,61218,1967],{"class":58},[1044,61220,61222],{"id":61221},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61224,61225],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,61227,61229],{"className":37,"code":61228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61230,61231,61235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61232,61233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61234,5154],{"class":1992},[44,61236,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61256,61258,61260,61262],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61238,5612],{"class":50},[44,61240,55],{"class":54},[44,61242,1954],{"class":58},[44,61244,633],{"class":583},[44,61246,13497],{"class":587},[44,61248,633],{"class":583},[44,61250,66],{"class":58},[44,61252,643],{"class":583},[44,61254,61255],{"class":587},"Ben', ",[44,61257,633],{"class":583},[44,61259,36571],{"class":50},[44,61261,633],{"class":583},[44,61263,1967],{"class":587},[20,61265,61266],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,61268,61270],{"className":37,"code":61269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61271,61272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61273,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61275,5612],{"class":50},[44,61277,55],{"class":54},[44,61279,1954],{"class":58},[44,61281,633],{"class":583},[44,61283,13497],{"class":587},[44,61285,633],{"class":583},[44,61287,66],{"class":58},[44,61289,643],{"class":583},[44,61291,36562],{"class":587},[44,61293,633],{"class":583},[44,61295,66],{"class":58},[44,61297,643],{"class":583},[44,61299,36571],{"class":587},[44,61301,633],{"class":583},[44,61303,1967],{"class":58},[1044,61305,61307],{"id":61306},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61309,61310],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[205,61312,61313,61316,61319,61324],{},[208,61314,61315],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[208,61317,61318],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[208,61320,61321,61322],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61323,25399],{},[208,61325,9075,61326,61329],{},[15,61327,61328],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1044,61331,61333],{"id":61332},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,61335,61337],{"className":37,"code":61336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61338,61339,61349,61363,61377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61340,61341,61343,61345,61347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61342,140],{"class":139},[44,61344,127],{"class":58},[44,61346,8961],{"class":123},[44,61348,133],{"class":58},[44,61350,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61352,140],{"class":139},[44,61354,127],{"class":58},[44,61356,549],{"class":548},[44,61358,127],{"class":58},[44,61360,8961],{"class":123},[44,61362,556],{"class":58},[44,61364,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,61366,140],{"class":139},[44,61368,127],{"class":58},[44,61370,2441],{"class":139},[44,61372,127],{"class":58},[44,61374,8961],{"class":123},[44,61376,556],{"class":58},[44,61378,61379,61381,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,61380,140],{"class":139},[44,61382,127],{"class":58},[44,61384,8715],{"class":548},[44,61386,127],{"class":58},[44,61388,60621],{"class":139},[44,61390,127],{"class":58},[44,61392,357],{"class":62},[44,61394,2432],{"class":58},[20,61396,26627],{},[205,61398,61399,61402,61405,61408],{},[208,61400,61401],{},"what the list contains",[208,61403,61404],{},"whether the value is really a list",[208,61406,61407],{},"how many items it has",[208,61409,26638,61410,61412,61413],{},[15,61411,25399],{}," does with ",[15,61414,36820],{},[30,61416,61418],{"id":61417},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61420,61421],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61423,61424],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[205,61426,61427,61442,61447],{},[208,61428,1296,61429,2817,61433,17691,61437,61441],{},[176,61430,61431],{"href":57394},[15,61432,53278],{},[176,61434,61435],{"href":53970},[15,61436,54072],{},[176,61438,61439],{"href":54534},[15,61440,54894],{}," to add items later",[208,61443,1296,61444,61446],{},[176,61445,60018],{"href":51604}," for a broader introduction",[208,61448,1296,61449,61453],{},[176,61450,61451,60681],{"href":60678},[15,61452,25399],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,61455,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,61457,61459],{"id":61458},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61461,61462],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,61464,61465],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61466,61467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61468,61469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61470,38919],{"class":58},[1044,61472,61474],{"id":61473},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61476,61477],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,61479,61480],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61481,61482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61483,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61485,4521],{"class":58},[44,61487,63],{"class":62},[44,61489,66],{"class":58},[44,61491,69],{"class":62},[44,61493,66],{"class":58},[44,61495,74],{"class":62},[44,61497,1967],{"class":58},[1044,61499,5760,61501,61503],{"id":61500},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61502,25399],{}," do in Python?",[20,61505,61506,61507,61509],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61508,36820],{},", into a list.",[1044,61511,61513],{"id":61512},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61515,61516],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1044,61518,2492,61520,2495,61522,1447],{"id":61519},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61521,4407],{},[15,61523,7984],{},[20,61525,61526,61528,61529,61531],{},[15,61527,4407],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61530,7984],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,61533,2528],{"id":2527},[205,61535,61536,61540,61546,61552,61558,61564,61568],{},[208,61537,61538],{},[176,61539,60018],{"href":51604},[208,61541,61542],{},[176,61543,56145,61544,18],{"href":57394},[15,61545,53278],{},[208,61547,61548],{},[176,61549,56145,61550,18],{"href":53970},[15,61551,54072],{},[208,61553,61554],{},[176,61555,56145,61556,18],{"href":54534},[15,61557,54894],{},[208,61559,61560],{},[176,61561,4197,61562,4201],{"href":60678},[15,61563,25399],{},[208,61565,61566],{},[176,61567,60021],{"href":59116},[208,61569,61570],{},[176,61571,61572],{"href":12681},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61574,61575,61576,61578],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61577,53278],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2554,61580,61581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":61583},[61584,61585,61586,61587,61590,61591,61597,61598,61608,61609,61618],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":59913,"depth":85,"text":59914},{"id":60024,"depth":85,"text":60025,"children":61588},[61589],{"id":60226,"depth":109,"text":60227},{"id":60242,"depth":85,"text":60243},{"id":60439,"depth":85,"text":61592,"children":61593},"Create a list with list()",[61594,61595,61596],{"id":60464,"depth":109,"text":60465},{"id":60537,"depth":109,"text":60538},{"id":60602,"depth":109,"text":60603},{"id":60684,"depth":85,"text":60685},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":61599},[61600,61601,61603,61605,61606,61607],{"id":60821,"depth":109,"text":60822},{"id":60880,"depth":109,"text":61602},"Using () instead of []",{"id":61000,"depth":109,"text":61604},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61221,"depth":109,"text":61222},{"id":61306,"depth":109,"text":61307},{"id":61332,"depth":109,"text":61333},{"id":61417,"depth":85,"text":61418},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":61610},[61611,61612,61613,61615,61616],{"id":61458,"depth":109,"text":61459},{"id":61473,"depth":109,"text":61474},{"id":61500,"depth":109,"text":61614},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61512,"depth":109,"text":61513},{"id":61519,"depth":109,"text":61617},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59655,"description":61619},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61626,"title":61627,"body":61628,"description":63369,"extension":2593,"meta":63370,"navigation":364,"path":63371,"seo":63372,"stem":63373,"__hash__":63374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61629,"toc":63324},[61630,61635,61640,61643,61645,61716,61721,61726,61730,61744,61749,61751,61771,61776,61779,61802,61806,61811,61903,61905,61927,61933,61939,61946,61953,61959,62016,62022,62080,62082,62094,62102,62108,62113,62117,62174,62177,62181,62240,62243,62247,62305,62317,62321,62374,62377,62381,62387,62393,62455,62458,62519,62522,62578,62583,62585,62589,62596,62657,62662,62671,62727,62734,62738,62796,62805,62863,62867,62902,62906,62916,62919,62974,62988,62991,63106,63111,63115,63126,63128,63207,63217,63219,63224,63229,63236,63244,63250,63253,63259,63262,63268,63274,63276,63312,63321],[10,61631,54968,61633,18],{"id":61632},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61634,54072],{},[20,61636,61637,61639],{},[15,61638,53973],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61641,61642],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,61644,2634],{"id":2633},[35,61646,61648],{"className":37,"code":61647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61649,61650,61666,61683,61687,61702,61712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61651,61652,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61653,884],{"class":50},[44,61655,55],{"class":54},[44,61657,1954],{"class":58},[44,61659,63],{"class":62},[44,61661,66],{"class":58},[44,61663,69],{"class":62},[44,61665,1967],{"class":58},[44,61667,61668,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61669,61670],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,61672,55],{"class":54},[44,61674,1954],{"class":58},[44,61676,95],{"class":62},[44,61678,66],{"class":58},[44,61680,79],{"class":62},[44,61682,1967],{"class":58},[44,61684,61685],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,61686,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61700],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,61690,4268],{"class":50},[44,61692,120],{"class":58},[44,61694,54102],{"class":123},[44,61696,127],{"class":58},[44,61698,61699],{"class":123},"more_numbers",[44,61701,133],{"class":58},[44,61703,61704,61706,61708,61710],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,61705,140],{"class":139},[44,61707,127],{"class":58},[44,61709,4268],{"class":123},[44,61711,133],{"class":58},[44,61713,61714],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,61715,53349],{"class":1992},[20,61717,1296,61718,61720],{},[15,61719,54072],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,61722,186,61724,189],{"id":61723},"what-listextend-does",[15,61725,53973],{},[20,61727,61728,1598],{},[15,61729,54072],{},[205,61731,61732,61735,61737,61740],{},[208,61733,61734],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[208,61736,55054],{},[208,61738,61739],{},"Does not create a new list",[208,61741,12041,61742],{},[15,61743,4398],{},[20,61745,61746,61747,54427],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61748,54072],{},[30,61750,234],{"id":233},[35,61752,61754],{"className":37,"code":61753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61755,61756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61757,61758,61761,61763,61765,61767,61769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61759,61760],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,61762,120],{"class":58},[44,61764,54102],{"class":123},[44,61766,127],{"class":58},[44,61768,4340],{"class":123},[44,61770,133],{"class":58},[20,61772,6070,61773,61775],{},[197,61774,4340],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61777,61778],{},"Common iterables include:",[205,61780,61781,61785,61789,61793,61798],{},[208,61782,61783],{},[15,61784,8715],{},[208,61786,61787],{},[15,61788,49577],{},[208,61790,61791],{},[15,61792,568],{},[208,61794,61795],{},[15,61796,61797],{},"string",[208,61799,61800],{},[15,61801,60621],{},[30,61803,61805],{"id":61804},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61807,61808,61809,1598],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61810,54072],{},[35,61812,61814],{"className":37,"code":61813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61815,61816,61840,61865,61869,61884,61888,61898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61819,36861],{"class":50},[44,61821,55],{"class":54},[44,61823,1954],{"class":58},[44,61825,633],{"class":583},[44,61827,636],{"class":587},[44,61829,633],{"class":583},[44,61831,66],{"class":58},[44,61833,643],{"class":583},[44,61835,646],{"class":587},[44,61837,633],{"class":583},[44,61839,1967],{"class":58},[44,61841,61842,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61843,61844],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,61846,55],{"class":54},[44,61848,1954],{"class":58},[44,61850,633],{"class":583},[44,61852,655],{"class":587},[44,61854,633],{"class":583},[44,61856,66],{"class":58},[44,61858,643],{"class":583},[44,61860,689],{"class":587},[44,61862,633],{"class":583},[44,61864,1967],{"class":58},[44,61866,61867],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,61868,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,61870,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61882],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,61872,36913],{"class":50},[44,61874,120],{"class":58},[44,61876,54102],{"class":123},[44,61878,127],{"class":58},[44,61880,61881],{"class":123},"more_fruits",[44,61883,133],{"class":58},[44,61885,61886],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,61887,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,61891,140],{"class":139},[44,61893,127],{"class":58},[44,61895,36913],{"class":123},[44,61897,133],{"class":58},[44,61899,61900],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,61901,61902],{"class":1992},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61904,832],{},[205,61906,61907,61912,61917],{},[208,61908,61909,61911],{},[15,61910,36913],{}," starts with two items",[208,61913,61914,61916],{},[15,61915,61881],{}," has two more items",[208,61918,61919,61921,61922,61924,61925],{},[15,61920,54072],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61923,61881],{}," to ",[15,61926,36913],{},[20,61928,61929,61930,61932],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61931,36913],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61934,55193,61935,2495,61937,120],{},[176,61936,53397],{"href":51604},[176,61938,57779],{"href":57778},[30,61940,61942,1036,61944],{"id":61941},"extend-vs-append",[15,61943,54072],{},[15,61945,53278],{},[20,61947,61948,2495,61950,61952],{},[15,61949,54072],{},[15,61951,53278],{}," are often confused.",[1044,61954,61956,61958],{"id":61955},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61957,54072],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,61960,61962],{"className":37,"code":61961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61963,61964,61980,61998,62002,62012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61967,884],{"class":50},[44,61969,55],{"class":54},[44,61971,1954],{"class":58},[44,61973,63],{"class":62},[44,61975,66],{"class":58},[44,61977,69],{"class":62},[44,61979,1967],{"class":58},[44,61981,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,61983,4268],{"class":50},[44,61985,120],{"class":58},[44,61987,54102],{"class":123},[44,61989,3609],{"class":58},[44,61991,95],{"class":62},[44,61993,66],{"class":58},[44,61995,79],{"class":62},[44,61997,4509],{"class":58},[44,61999,62000],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62001,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62005,140],{"class":139},[44,62007,127],{"class":58},[44,62009,4268],{"class":123},[44,62011,133],{"class":58},[44,62013,62014],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62015,53349],{"class":1992},[1044,62017,62019,62021],{"id":62018},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,62020,53278],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,62023,62025],{"className":37,"code":62024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,62026,62027,62043,62061,62065,62075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62028,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62030,884],{"class":50},[44,62032,55],{"class":54},[44,62034,1954],{"class":58},[44,62036,63],{"class":62},[44,62038,66],{"class":58},[44,62040,69],{"class":62},[44,62042,1967],{"class":58},[44,62044,62045,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62046,4268],{"class":50},[44,62048,120],{"class":58},[44,62050,14170],{"class":123},[44,62052,3609],{"class":58},[44,62054,95],{"class":62},[44,62056,66],{"class":58},[44,62058,79],{"class":62},[44,62060,4509],{"class":58},[44,62062,62063],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62064,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62066,62067,62069,62071,62073],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62068,140],{"class":139},[44,62070,127],{"class":58},[44,62072,4268],{"class":123},[44,62074,133],{"class":58},[44,62076,62077],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62078,62079],{"class":1992},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,62081,19313],{},[205,62083,62084,62089],{},[208,62085,62086,62088],{},[15,62087,54072],{}," to combine values",[208,62090,62091,62093],{},[15,62092,53278],{}," to add one item",[20,62095,42716,62096,2495,62100,120],{},[176,62097,56145,62098,2544],{"href":57394},[15,62099,53278],{},[176,62101,53675],{"href":53674},[30,62103,863,62105,62107],{"id":62104},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,62106,54072],{}," with different iterables",[20,62109,62110,62112],{},[15,62111,54072],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1044,62114,62116],{"id":62115},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,62118,62120],{"className":37,"code":62119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62121,62122,62138,62156,62160,62170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62123,62124,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62125,4441],{"class":50},[44,62127,55],{"class":54},[44,62129,1954],{"class":58},[44,62131,63],{"class":62},[44,62133,66],{"class":58},[44,62135,69],{"class":62},[44,62137,1967],{"class":58},[44,62139,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62141,5976],{"class":50},[44,62143,120],{"class":58},[44,62145,54102],{"class":123},[44,62147,6128],{"class":58},[44,62149,95],{"class":62},[44,62151,66],{"class":58},[44,62153,79],{"class":62},[44,62155,556],{"class":58},[44,62157,62158],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62159,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62161,62162,62164,62166,62168],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62163,140],{"class":139},[44,62165,127],{"class":58},[44,62167,5976],{"class":123},[44,62169,133],{"class":58},[44,62171,62172],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62173,53349],{"class":1992},[20,62175,62176],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1044,62178,62180],{"id":62179},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,62182,62184],{"className":37,"code":62183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62185,62186,62202,62221,62225,62235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62187,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198,62200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62189,36712],{"class":50},[44,62191,55],{"class":54},[44,62193,1954],{"class":58},[44,62195,633],{"class":583},[44,62197,176],{"class":587},[44,62199,633],{"class":583},[44,62201,1967],{"class":58},[44,62203,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62217,62219],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62205,36765],{"class":50},[44,62207,120],{"class":58},[44,62209,54102],{"class":123},[44,62211,127],{"class":58},[44,62213,633],{"class":583},[44,62215,62216],{"class":587},"bc",[44,62218,633],{"class":583},[44,62220,133],{"class":58},[44,62222,62223],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62224,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62226,62227,62229,62231,62233],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62228,140],{"class":139},[44,62230,127],{"class":58},[44,62232,36765],{"class":123},[44,62234,133],{"class":58},[44,62236,62237],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62238,62239],{"class":1992},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62241,62242],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1044,62244,62246],{"id":62245},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,62248,62250],{"className":37,"code":62249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62251,62252,62264,62286,62290,62300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62255,884],{"class":50},[44,62257,55],{"class":54},[44,62259,1954],{"class":58},[44,62261,2748],{"class":62},[44,62263,1967],{"class":58},[44,62265,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62267,4268],{"class":50},[44,62269,120],{"class":58},[44,62271,54102],{"class":123},[44,62273,127],{"class":58},[44,62275,60621],{"class":139},[44,62277,127],{"class":58},[44,62279,63],{"class":62},[44,62281,66],{"class":58},[44,62283,79],{"class":62},[44,62285,556],{"class":58},[44,62287,62288],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62289,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62291,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62293,140],{"class":139},[44,62295,127],{"class":58},[44,62297,4268],{"class":123},[44,62299,133],{"class":58},[44,62301,62302],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62303,62304],{"class":1992},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62306,62307,62310,62311,2817,62313,17691,62315,120],{},[15,62308,62309],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62312,63],{},[15,62314,339],{},[15,62316,95],{},[1044,62318,62320],{"id":62319},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,62322,62324],{"className":37,"code":62323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62325,62326,62342,62360,62364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62327,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62329,8399],{"class":50},[44,62331,55],{"class":54},[44,62333,1954],{"class":58},[44,62335,63],{"class":62},[44,62337,66],{"class":58},[44,62339,69],{"class":62},[44,62341,1967],{"class":58},[44,62343,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356,62358],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62345,8430],{"class":50},[44,62347,120],{"class":58},[44,62349,54102],{"class":123},[44,62351,6147],{"class":58},[44,62353,95],{"class":62},[44,62355,66],{"class":58},[44,62357,79],{"class":62},[44,62359,31115],{"class":58},[44,62361,62362],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62363,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62365,62366,62368,62370,62372],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62367,140],{"class":139},[44,62369,127],{"class":58},[44,62371,8430],{"class":123},[44,62373,133],{"class":58},[20,62375,62376],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,62378,62380],{"id":62379},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62382,62383,3025,62385,120],{},[15,62384,54072],{},[15,62386,4398],{},[20,62388,62389,62390,1598],{},"That means this is ",[197,62391,62392],{},"wrong",[35,62394,62396],{"className":37,"code":62395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62397,62398,62414,62436,62440,62450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62399,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62401,884],{"class":50},[44,62403,55],{"class":54},[44,62405,1954],{"class":58},[44,62407,63],{"class":62},[44,62409,66],{"class":58},[44,62411,69],{"class":62},[44,62413,1967],{"class":58},[44,62415,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62417,112],{"class":50},[44,62419,55],{"class":54},[44,62421,975],{"class":50},[44,62423,120],{"class":58},[44,62425,54102],{"class":123},[44,62427,3609],{"class":58},[44,62429,95],{"class":62},[44,62431,66],{"class":58},[44,62433,79],{"class":62},[44,62435,4509],{"class":58},[44,62437,62438],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62439,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62441,62442,62444,62446,62448],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62443,140],{"class":139},[44,62445,127],{"class":58},[44,62447,145],{"class":123},[44,62449,133],{"class":58},[44,62451,62452],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62453,62454],{"class":1992},"# None\n",[20,62456,62457],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,62459,62461],{"className":37,"code":62460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62462,62463,62479,62501,62505,62515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62464,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62466,884],{"class":50},[44,62468,55],{"class":54},[44,62470,1954],{"class":58},[44,62472,63],{"class":62},[44,62474,66],{"class":58},[44,62476,69],{"class":62},[44,62478,1967],{"class":58},[44,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62482,884],{"class":50},[44,62484,55],{"class":54},[44,62486,975],{"class":50},[44,62488,120],{"class":58},[44,62490,54102],{"class":123},[44,62492,3609],{"class":58},[44,62494,95],{"class":62},[44,62496,66],{"class":58},[44,62498,79],{"class":62},[44,62500,4509],{"class":58},[44,62502,62503],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62504,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62506,62507,62509,62511,62513],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62508,140],{"class":139},[44,62510,127],{"class":58},[44,62512,4268],{"class":123},[44,62514,133],{"class":58},[44,62516,62517],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62518,62454],{"class":1992},[20,62520,62521],{},"The correct way is:",[35,62523,62524],{"className":37,"code":61961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62525,62526,62542,62560,62564,62574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62527,62528,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62529,884],{"class":50},[44,62531,55],{"class":54},[44,62533,1954],{"class":58},[44,62535,63],{"class":62},[44,62537,66],{"class":58},[44,62539,69],{"class":62},[44,62541,1967],{"class":58},[44,62543,62544,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62545,4268],{"class":50},[44,62547,120],{"class":58},[44,62549,54102],{"class":123},[44,62551,3609],{"class":58},[44,62553,95],{"class":62},[44,62555,66],{"class":58},[44,62557,79],{"class":62},[44,62559,4509],{"class":58},[44,62561,62562],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62563,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62565,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62567,140],{"class":139},[44,62569,127],{"class":58},[44,62571,4268],{"class":123},[44,62573,133],{"class":58},[44,62575,62576],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62577,53349],{"class":1992},[20,62579,56534,62580,62582],{},[15,62581,54072],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,62584,1580],{"id":1579},[20,62586,15351,62587,120],{},[15,62588,54072],{},[1044,62590,62592,62593,62595],{"id":62591},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62594,54072],{}," to return a new list",[35,62597,62599],{"className":37,"code":62598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62600,62601,62617,62639,62643,62653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62602,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62604,884],{"class":50},[44,62606,55],{"class":54},[44,62608,1954],{"class":58},[44,62610,63],{"class":62},[44,62612,66],{"class":58},[44,62614,69],{"class":62},[44,62616,1967],{"class":58},[44,62618,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62620,56267],{"class":50},[44,62622,55],{"class":54},[44,62624,975],{"class":50},[44,62626,120],{"class":58},[44,62628,54102],{"class":123},[44,62630,3609],{"class":58},[44,62632,95],{"class":62},[44,62634,66],{"class":58},[44,62636,79],{"class":62},[44,62638,4509],{"class":58},[44,62640,62641],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62642,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62644,62645,62647,62649,62651],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62646,140],{"class":139},[44,62648,127],{"class":58},[44,62650,56286],{"class":123},[44,62652,133],{"class":58},[44,62654,62655],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62656,62454],{"class":1992},[20,62658,62659,62660,120],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62661,54072],{},[1044,62663,62665,62666,45253,62668,62670],{"id":62664},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62667,53278],{},[15,62669,54072],{}," is needed",[35,62672,62673],{"className":37,"code":62024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62674,62675,62691,62709,62713,62723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62676,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62678,884],{"class":50},[44,62680,55],{"class":54},[44,62682,1954],{"class":58},[44,62684,63],{"class":62},[44,62686,66],{"class":58},[44,62688,69],{"class":62},[44,62690,1967],{"class":58},[44,62692,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62694,4268],{"class":50},[44,62696,120],{"class":58},[44,62698,14170],{"class":123},[44,62700,3609],{"class":58},[44,62702,95],{"class":62},[44,62704,66],{"class":58},[44,62706,79],{"class":62},[44,62708,4509],{"class":58},[44,62710,62711],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62712,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62714,62715,62717,62719,62721],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62716,140],{"class":139},[44,62718,127],{"class":58},[44,62720,4268],{"class":123},[44,62722,133],{"class":58},[44,62724,62725],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62726,62079],{"class":1992},[20,62728,62729,62730,54517,62732,7248],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62731,54516],{},[15,62733,54072],{},[1044,62735,62737],{"id":62736},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,62739,62741],{"className":37,"code":62740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62742,62743,62759,62777,62781,62791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62744,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62746,4692],{"class":50},[44,62748,55],{"class":54},[44,62750,1954],{"class":58},[44,62752,633],{"class":583},[44,62754,4464],{"class":587},[44,62756,633],{"class":583},[44,62758,1967],{"class":58},[44,62760,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62762,4734],{"class":50},[44,62764,120],{"class":58},[44,62766,54102],{"class":123},[44,62768,127],{"class":58},[44,62770,633],{"class":583},[44,62772,61214],{"class":587},[44,62774,633],{"class":583},[44,62776,133],{"class":58},[44,62778,62779],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62780,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62782,62783,62785,62787,62789],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62784,140],{"class":139},[44,62786,127],{"class":58},[44,62788,4734],{"class":123},[44,62790,133],{"class":58},[44,62792,62793],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62794,62795],{"class":1992},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62797,62798,62799,62802,62803,1598],{},"If you want ",[15,62800,62801],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62804,53278],{},[35,62806,62808],{"className":37,"code":62807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62809,62810,62826,62844,62848,62858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62811,62812,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62813,4692],{"class":50},[44,62815,55],{"class":54},[44,62817,1954],{"class":58},[44,62819,633],{"class":583},[44,62821,4464],{"class":587},[44,62823,633],{"class":583},[44,62825,1967],{"class":58},[44,62827,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62829,4734],{"class":50},[44,62831,120],{"class":58},[44,62833,14170],{"class":123},[44,62835,127],{"class":58},[44,62837,633],{"class":583},[44,62839,61214],{"class":587},[44,62841,633],{"class":583},[44,62843,133],{"class":58},[44,62845,62846],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62847,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,62849,62850,62852,62854,62856],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62851,140],{"class":139},[44,62853,127],{"class":58},[44,62855,4734],{"class":123},[44,62857,133],{"class":58},[44,62859,62860],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,62861,62862],{"class":1992},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1044,62864,62866],{"id":62865},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,62868,62870],{"className":37,"code":62869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62871,62872,62888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62873,62874,62876,62878,62880,62882,62884,62886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62875,884],{"class":50},[44,62877,55],{"class":54},[44,62879,1954],{"class":58},[44,62881,63],{"class":62},[44,62883,66],{"class":58},[44,62885,69],{"class":62},[44,62887,1967],{"class":58},[44,62889,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62891,4268],{"class":50},[44,62893,120],{"class":58},[44,62895,54102],{"class":123},[44,62897,127],{"class":58},[44,62899,357],{"class":62},[44,62901,133],{"class":58},[20,62903,40276,62904,7168],{},[15,62905,357],{},[20,62907,62908,62909,62911,62912,62915],{},"You will get a ",[15,62910,3628],{},". See ",[176,62913,62914],{"href":53225},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62917,62918],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,62920,62922],{"className":37,"code":62921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62923,62924,62934,62948,62960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62925,62926,62928,62930,62932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62927,140],{"class":139},[44,62929,127],{"class":58},[44,62931,8961],{"class":123},[44,62933,133],{"class":58},[44,62935,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,62937,140],{"class":139},[44,62939,127],{"class":58},[44,62941,549],{"class":548},[44,62943,127],{"class":58},[44,62945,5976],{"class":123},[44,62947,556],{"class":58},[44,62949,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,62951,140],{"class":139},[44,62953,127],{"class":58},[44,62955,145],{"class":123},[44,62957,4281],{"class":58},[44,62959,133],{"class":50},[44,62961,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,62963,32772],{"class":139},[44,62965,127],{"class":58},[44,62967,8715],{"class":548},[44,62969,120],{"class":58},[44,62971,54102],{"class":25368},[44,62973,133],{"class":58},[44204,62975,62976],{},[20,62977,62978,62979,62982,62983,62985,62986,120],{},"Note: ",[15,62980,62981],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62984,4281],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62987,33647],{},[20,62989,62990],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62992,62994],{"className":37,"code":62993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62995,62996,63012,63028,63032,63046,63050,63058,63068,63082,63092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62997,62998,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62999,8930],{"class":50},[44,63001,55],{"class":54},[44,63003,1954],{"class":58},[44,63005,63],{"class":62},[44,63007,66],{"class":58},[44,63009,69],{"class":62},[44,63011,1967],{"class":58},[44,63013,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63015,4441],{"class":50},[44,63017,55],{"class":54},[44,63019,1954],{"class":58},[44,63021,95],{"class":62},[44,63023,66],{"class":58},[44,63025,79],{"class":62},[44,63027,1967],{"class":58},[44,63029,63030],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,63031,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63033,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,63035,8961],{"class":50},[44,63037,120],{"class":58},[44,63039,54102],{"class":123},[44,63041,127],{"class":58},[44,63043,5976],{"class":123},[44,63045,133],{"class":58},[44,63047,63048],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,63049,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63051,63052,63054,63056],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,63053,112],{"class":50},[44,63055,55],{"class":54},[44,63057,49151],{"class":4471},[44,63059,63060,63062,63064,63066],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,63061,140],{"class":139},[44,63063,127],{"class":58},[44,63065,8961],{"class":123},[44,63067,133],{"class":58},[44,63069,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,63071,140],{"class":139},[44,63073,127],{"class":58},[44,63075,549],{"class":548},[44,63077,127],{"class":58},[44,63079,5976],{"class":123},[44,63081,556],{"class":58},[44,63083,63084,63086,63088,63090],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,63085,140],{"class":139},[44,63087,127],{"class":58},[44,63089,145],{"class":123},[44,63091,133],{"class":58},[44,63093,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,63095,32772],{"class":139},[44,63097,127],{"class":58},[44,63099,8715],{"class":548},[44,63101,120],{"class":58},[44,63103,54102],{"class":25368},[44,63105,133],{"class":58},[30,63107,5578,63109],{"id":63108},"when-to-use-extend",[15,63110,54072],{},[20,63112,1296,63113,6935],{},[15,63114,54072],{},[205,63116,63117,63120,63123],{},[208,63118,63119],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[208,63121,63122],{},"Add multiple values at once",[208,63124,63125],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63127,6090],{},[35,63129,63131],{"className":37,"code":63130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63132,63133,63150,63168,63172,63188,63192,63202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63134,63135,63138,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63136,63137],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,63139,55],{"class":54},[44,63141,1954],{"class":58},[44,63143,14119],{"class":62},[44,63145,66],{"class":58},[44,63147,14124],{"class":62},[44,63149,1967],{"class":58},[44,63151,63152,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63166],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63153,63154],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,63156,55],{"class":54},[44,63158,1954],{"class":58},[44,63160,52130],{"class":62},[44,63162,66],{"class":58},[44,63164,63165],{"class":62}," 92",[44,63167,1967],{"class":58},[44,63169,63170],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,63171,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63173,63174,63177,63179,63181,63183,63186],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,63175,63176],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,63178,120],{"class":58},[44,63180,54102],{"class":123},[44,63182,127],{"class":58},[44,63184,63185],{"class":123},"new_scores",[44,63187,133],{"class":58},[44,63189,63190],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,63191,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63193,63194,63196,63198,63200],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,63195,140],{"class":139},[44,63197,127],{"class":58},[44,63199,63176],{"class":123},[44,63201,133],{"class":58},[44,63203,63204],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,63205,63206],{"class":1992},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63208,63209,63210,63212,63213,120],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63211,53278],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[176,63214,56145,63215,2544],{"href":54534},[15,63216,54894],{},[30,63218,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,63220,2482,63222,56094],{"id":63221},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63223,53973],{},[20,63225,63226,63227,120],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63228,4398],{},[1044,63230,2492,63232,2495,63234,1447],{"id":63231},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63233,54072],{},[15,63235,53278],{},[20,63237,63238,63240,63241,63243],{},[15,63239,54072],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63242,53278],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1044,63245,2509,63247,63249],{"id":63246},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63248,54072],{}," with a string?",[20,63251,63252],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1044,63254,2509,63256,63258],{"id":63255},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63257,54072],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63260,63261],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1044,63263,63265,63266,1447],{"id":63264},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63267,54072],{},[20,63269,63270,63271,63273],{},"You get a ",[15,63272,3628],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,63275,2528],{"id":2527},[205,63277,63278,63284,63288,63292,63296,63302,63306],{},[208,63279,63280],{},[176,63281,56145,63282,2544],{"href":57394},[15,63283,53278],{},[208,63285,63286],{},[176,63287,54904],{"href":53674},[208,63289,63290],{},[176,63291,57853],{"href":57778},[208,63293,63294],{},[176,63295,53397],{"href":51604},[208,63297,63298],{},[176,63299,56145,63300,2544],{"href":54534},[15,63301,54894],{},[208,63303,63304],{},[176,63305,62914],{"href":53225},[208,63307,63308],{},[176,63309,56145,63310,2544],{"href":55586},[15,63311,13393],{},[20,63313,63314,63315,63317,63318,63320],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63316,53278],{},", when to use ",[15,63319,54894],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2554,63322,63323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":63325},[63326,63327,63329,63330,63331,63338,63345,63346,63354,63356,63368],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":61723,"depth":85,"text":63328},"What list.extend() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":61804,"depth":85,"text":61805},{"id":61941,"depth":85,"text":63332,"children":63333},"extend() vs append()",[63334,63336],{"id":61955,"depth":109,"text":63335},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62018,"depth":109,"text":63337},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62104,"depth":85,"text":63339,"children":63340},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63341,63342,63343,63344],{"id":62115,"depth":109,"text":62116},{"id":62179,"depth":109,"text":62180},{"id":62245,"depth":109,"text":62246},{"id":62319,"depth":109,"text":62320},{"id":62379,"depth":85,"text":62380},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":63347},[63348,63350,63352,63353],{"id":62591,"depth":109,"text":63349},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62664,"depth":109,"text":63351},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62736,"depth":109,"text":62737},{"id":62865,"depth":109,"text":62866},{"id":63108,"depth":85,"text":63355},"When to use extend()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":63357},[63358,63360,63362,63364,63366],{"id":63221,"depth":109,"text":63359},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63231,"depth":109,"text":63361},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63246,"depth":109,"text":63363},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63255,"depth":109,"text":63365},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63264,"depth":109,"text":63367},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61627,"description":63369},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63376,"title":63377,"body":63378,"description":65469,"extension":2593,"meta":65470,"navigation":364,"path":65471,"seo":65472,"stem":65473,"__hash__":65474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63379,"toc":65432},[63380,63383,63388,63394,63405,63411,63413,63482,63484,63533,63541,63545,63550,63553,63564,63569,63571,63573,63594,63607,63610,63623,63625,63630,63655,63657,63665,63668,63737,63739,63763,63769,63773,63777,63813,63815,63835,63842,63846,63879,63881,63915,63920,63924,63957,63959,63987,63995,63999,64036,64038,64059,64062,64066,64135,64137,64161,64167,64174,64178,64181,64183,64197,64200,64224,64226,64251,64254,64273,64275,64301,64310,64314,64321,64398,64400,64441,64447,64453,64544,64546,64602,64605,64610,64614,64619,64623,64682,64684,64709,64713,64776,64778,64803,64807,64870,64872,64915,64918,64922,64926,64948,64952,65034,65036,65071,65079,65081,65085,65089,65091,65118,65123,65125,65152,65159,65162,65185,65187,65236,65239,65242,65261,65265,65268,65319,65322,65328,65332,65337,65340,65342,65348,65357,65361,65367,65371,65374,65378,65381,65385,65391,65393,65429],[10,63381,63377],{"id":63382},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63384,9745,63385,63387],{},[15,63386,25399],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63389,63390,63391,63393],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63392,25399],{}," for two main reasons:",[205,63395,63396,63399],{},[208,63397,63398],{},"to make an empty list",[208,63400,63401,63402,63404],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63403,60621],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63406,63407,63408,63410],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63409,25399],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,63412,2634],{"id":2633},[35,63414,63416],{"className":37,"code":63415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63417,63418,63440,63458,63462,63472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63419,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63421,884],{"class":50},[44,63423,55],{"class":54},[44,63425,23177],{"class":548},[44,63427,6128],{"class":58},[44,63429,63],{"class":62},[44,63431,66],{"class":58},[44,63433,69],{"class":62},[44,63435,66],{"class":58},[44,63437,74],{"class":62},[44,63439,556],{"class":58},[44,63441,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63443,36712],{"class":50},[44,63445,55],{"class":54},[44,63447,23177],{"class":548},[44,63449,127],{"class":58},[44,63451,633],{"class":583},[44,63453,42183],{"class":587},[44,63455,633],{"class":583},[44,63457,133],{"class":58},[44,63459,63460],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,63461,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63463,63464,63466,63468,63470],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,63465,140],{"class":139},[44,63467,127],{"class":58},[44,63469,4268],{"class":123},[44,63471,133],{"class":58},[44,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,63475,140],{"class":139},[44,63477,127],{"class":58},[44,63479,36765],{"class":123},[44,63481,133],{"class":58},[20,63483,150],{},[35,63485,63487],{"className":37,"code":63486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63488,63489,63505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63490,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63492,4521],{"class":58},[44,63494,63],{"class":62},[44,63496,66],{"class":58},[44,63498,69],{"class":62},[44,63500,66],{"class":58},[44,63502,74],{"class":62},[44,63504,1967],{"class":58},[44,63506,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63508,4521],{"class":58},[44,63510,590],{"class":583},[44,63512,176],{"class":587},[44,63514,590],{"class":583},[44,63516,66],{"class":58},[44,63518,584],{"class":583},[44,63520,130],{"class":587},[44,63522,590],{"class":583},[44,63524,66],{"class":58},[44,63526,584],{"class":583},[44,63528,431],{"class":587},[44,63530,590],{"class":583},[44,63532,1967],{"class":58},[20,63534,1296,63535,63537,63538,63540],{},[15,63536,25399],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63539,60621],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,63542,63544],{"id":63543},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63546,63547,63549],{},[15,63548,25399],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63551,63552],{},"It can:",[205,63554,63555,63558,63561],{},[208,63556,63557],{},"create a new list object",[208,63559,63560],{},"make an empty list",[208,63562,63563],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63565,63566,63567,120],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[176,63568,53397],{"href":51604},[30,63570,234],{"id":233},[20,63572,27106],{},[35,63574,63576],{"className":37,"code":63575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63577,63578,63584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63579,63580,63582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63581,8715],{"class":548},[44,63583,571],{"class":58},[44,63585,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63587,8715],{"class":548},[44,63589,127],{"class":58},[44,63591,4340],{"class":123},[44,63593,133],{"class":58},[205,63595,63596,63601],{},[208,63597,63598,63600],{},[15,63599,25399],{}," makes an empty list",[208,63602,63603,63606],{},[15,63604,63605],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63608,63609],{},"Common iterable values include:",[205,63611,63612,63614,63616,63618,63621],{},[208,63613,5927],{},[208,63615,5921],{},[208,63617,5924],{},[208,63619,63620],{},"ranges",[208,63622,7869],{},[30,63624,60243],{"id":60242},[20,63626,1296,63627,63629],{},[15,63628,25399],{}," with no arguments:",[35,63631,63633],{"className":37,"code":63632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63634,63635,63645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63636,63637,63639,63641,63643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63638,8399],{"class":50},[44,63640,55],{"class":54},[44,63642,23177],{"class":548},[44,63644,571],{"class":58},[44,63646,63647,63649,63651,63653],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63648,140],{"class":139},[44,63650,127],{"class":58},[44,63652,8430],{"class":123},[44,63654,133],{"class":58},[20,63656,150],{},[35,63658,63659],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63660,63661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63662,63663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63664,38919],{"class":58},[20,63666,63667],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,63669,63671],{"className":37,"code":63670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63672,63673,63683,63687,63705,63723,63727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63676,8399],{"class":50},[44,63678,55],{"class":54},[44,63680,23177],{"class":548},[44,63682,571],{"class":58},[44,63684,63685],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63686,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63688,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,63690,8430],{"class":50},[44,63692,120],{"class":58},[44,63694,14170],{"class":123},[44,63696,127],{"class":58},[44,63698,633],{"class":583},[44,63700,636],{"class":587},[44,63702,633],{"class":583},[44,63704,133],{"class":58},[44,63706,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,63708,8430],{"class":50},[44,63710,120],{"class":58},[44,63712,14170],{"class":123},[44,63714,127],{"class":58},[44,63716,633],{"class":583},[44,63718,646],{"class":587},[44,63720,633],{"class":583},[44,63722,133],{"class":58},[44,63724,63725],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,63726,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,63728,63729,63731,63733,63735],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,63730,140],{"class":139},[44,63732,127],{"class":58},[44,63734,8430],{"class":123},[44,63736,133],{"class":58},[20,63738,150],{},[35,63740,63741],{"className":37,"code":39045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63742,63743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63744,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63746,4521],{"class":58},[44,63748,590],{"class":583},[44,63750,636],{"class":587},[44,63752,590],{"class":583},[44,63754,66],{"class":58},[44,63756,584],{"class":583},[44,63758,646],{"class":587},[44,63760,590],{"class":583},[44,63762,1967],{"class":58},[20,63764,63765,63766,63768],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63767,4407],{},". Both are valid.",[30,63770,63772],{"id":63771},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1044,63774,63776],{"id":63775},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,63778,63779],{"className":37,"code":60541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63780,63781,63803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63784,884],{"class":50},[44,63786,55],{"class":54},[44,63788,23177],{"class":548},[44,63790,6128],{"class":58},[44,63792,63],{"class":62},[44,63794,66],{"class":58},[44,63796,69],{"class":62},[44,63798,66],{"class":58},[44,63800,74],{"class":62},[44,63802,556],{"class":58},[44,63804,63805,63807,63809,63811],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63806,140],{"class":139},[44,63808,127],{"class":58},[44,63810,4268],{"class":123},[44,63812,133],{"class":58},[20,63814,150],{},[35,63816,63817],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63818,63819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63820,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63822,4521],{"class":58},[44,63824,63],{"class":62},[44,63826,66],{"class":58},[44,63828,69],{"class":62},[44,63830,66],{"class":58},[44,63832,74],{"class":62},[44,63834,1967],{"class":58},[20,63836,63837,63838,120],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[176,63839,63841],{"href":63840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1044,63843,63845],{"id":63844},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,63847,63849],{"className":37,"code":63848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63850,63851,63869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63852,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63854,36712],{"class":50},[44,63856,55],{"class":54},[44,63858,23177],{"class":548},[44,63860,127],{"class":58},[44,63862,633],{"class":583},[44,63864,2122],{"class":587},[44,63866,633],{"class":583},[44,63868,133],{"class":58},[44,63870,63871,63873,63875,63877],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63872,140],{"class":139},[44,63874,127],{"class":58},[44,63876,36765],{"class":123},[44,63878,133],{"class":58},[20,63880,150],{},[35,63882,63884],{"className":37,"code":63883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63885,63886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63887,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63911,63913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63889,4521],{"class":58},[44,63891,590],{"class":583},[44,63893,431],{"class":587},[44,63895,590],{"class":583},[44,63897,66],{"class":58},[44,63899,584],{"class":583},[44,63901,176],{"class":587},[44,63903,590],{"class":583},[44,63905,66],{"class":58},[44,63907,584],{"class":583},[44,63909,63910],{"class":587},"t",[44,63912,590],{"class":583},[44,63914,1967],{"class":58},[20,63916,63917,63919],{},[15,63918,25399],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1044,63921,63923],{"id":63922},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,63925,63927],{"className":37,"code":63926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63928,63929,63947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63930,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63932,884],{"class":50},[44,63934,55],{"class":54},[44,63936,23177],{"class":548},[44,63938,127],{"class":58},[44,63940,60621],{"class":139},[44,63942,127],{"class":58},[44,63944,357],{"class":62},[44,63946,556],{"class":58},[44,63948,63949,63951,63953,63955],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,63950,140],{"class":139},[44,63952,127],{"class":58},[44,63954,4268],{"class":123},[44,63956,133],{"class":58},[20,63958,150],{},[35,63960,63961],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63962,63963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63964,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63966,4521],{"class":58},[44,63968,2748],{"class":62},[44,63970,66],{"class":58},[44,63972,2212],{"class":62},[44,63974,66],{"class":58},[44,63976,69],{"class":62},[44,63978,66],{"class":58},[44,63980,74],{"class":62},[44,63982,66],{"class":58},[44,63984,79],{"class":62},[44,63986,1967],{"class":58},[20,63988,63989,63990,63994],{},"This is common when working with ",[176,63991,63992],{"href":36817},[15,63993,36820],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1044,63996,63998],{"id":63997},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,64000,64002],{"className":37,"code":64001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,64003,64004,64026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64005,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64007,4441],{"class":50},[44,64009,55],{"class":54},[44,64011,23177],{"class":548},[44,64013,6147],{"class":58},[44,64015,2958],{"class":62},[44,64017,66],{"class":58},[44,64019,8410],{"class":62},[44,64021,66],{"class":58},[44,64023,8415],{"class":62},[44,64025,31115],{"class":58},[44,64027,64028,64030,64032,64034],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64029,140],{"class":139},[44,64031,127],{"class":58},[44,64033,5976],{"class":123},[44,64035,133],{"class":58},[20,64037,17577],{},[35,64039,64041],{"className":37,"code":64040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,64042,64043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64044,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64046,4521],{"class":58},[44,64048,2958],{"class":62},[44,64050,66],{"class":58},[44,64052,8410],{"class":62},[44,64054,66],{"class":58},[44,64056,8415],{"class":62},[44,64058,1967],{"class":58},[20,64060,64061],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1044,64063,64065],{"id":64064},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,64067,64069],{"className":37,"code":64068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64070,64071,64107,64121,64125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64072,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64074,13821],{"class":50},[44,64076,55],{"class":54},[44,64078,59],{"class":58},[44,64080,633],{"class":583},[44,64082,8287],{"class":587},[44,64084,633],{"class":583},[44,64086,1598],{"class":58},[44,64088,643],{"class":583},[44,64090,13497],{"class":587},[44,64092,633],{"class":583},[44,64094,66],{"class":58},[44,64096,643],{"class":583},[44,64098,9921],{"class":587},[44,64100,633],{"class":583},[44,64102,1598],{"class":58},[44,64104,9928],{"class":62},[44,64106,82],{"class":58},[44,64108,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64110,112],{"class":50},[44,64112,55],{"class":54},[44,64114,23177],{"class":548},[44,64116,127],{"class":58},[44,64118,17926],{"class":123},[44,64120,133],{"class":58},[44,64122,64123],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,64124,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,64126,64127,64129,64131,64133],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,64128,140],{"class":139},[44,64130,127],{"class":58},[44,64132,145],{"class":123},[44,64134,133],{"class":58},[20,64136,150],{},[35,64138,64139],{"className":37,"code":26099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64140,64141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64144,4521],{"class":58},[44,64146,590],{"class":583},[44,64148,8287],{"class":587},[44,64150,590],{"class":583},[44,64152,66],{"class":58},[44,64154,584],{"class":583},[44,64156,9921],{"class":587},[44,64158,590],{"class":583},[44,64160,1967],{"class":58},[20,64162,64163,64164,64166],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64165,25399],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64168,64169,64170,120],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[176,64171,64173],{"href":64172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,64175,64177],{"id":64176},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64179,64180],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64182,61778],{},[205,64184,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195],{},[208,64186,5918],{},[208,64188,5921],{},[208,64190,5927],{},[208,64192,5924],{},[208,64194,63620],{},[208,64196,7869],{},[20,64198,64199],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,64201,64203],{"className":37,"code":64202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64204,64205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64206,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64220,64222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64208,140],{"class":139},[44,64210,127],{"class":58},[44,64212,8715],{"class":548},[44,64214,127],{"class":58},[44,64216,633],{"class":583},[44,64218,64219],{"class":587},"hi",[44,64221,633],{"class":583},[44,64223,556],{"class":58},[20,64225,150],{},[35,64227,64229],{"className":37,"code":64228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64230,64231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64232,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64234,4521],{"class":58},[44,64236,590],{"class":583},[44,64238,61061],{"class":587},[44,64240,590],{"class":583},[44,64242,66],{"class":58},[44,64244,584],{"class":583},[44,64246,36776],{"class":587},[44,64248,590],{"class":583},[44,64250,1967],{"class":58},[20,64252,64253],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,64255,64257],{"className":37,"code":64256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64258,64259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64260,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64262,140],{"class":139},[44,64264,127],{"class":58},[44,64266,8715],{"class":548},[44,64268,127],{"class":58},[44,64270,357],{"class":62},[44,64272,556],{"class":58},[20,64274,150],{},[35,64276,64278],{"className":37,"code":64277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64279,64280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64283,3628],{"class":548},[44,64285,1598],{"class":58},[44,64287,584],{"class":583},[44,64289,2816],{"class":587},[44,64291,590],{"class":583},[44,64293,25235],{"class":548},[44,64295,8718],{"class":54},[44,64297,8721],{"class":54},[44,64299,64300],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,64302,64303,64304,64306,64307,120],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[176,64305,5754],{"href":6204},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[176,64308,64309],{"href":53225},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,64311,64313],{"id":64312},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64315,64316,64317,64320],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64318,64319],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,64322,64324],{"className":37,"code":64323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64325,64326,64346,64360,64364,64374,64384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64327,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64329,12702],{"class":50},[44,64331,55],{"class":54},[44,64333,1954],{"class":58},[44,64335,63],{"class":62},[44,64337,66],{"class":58},[44,64339,69],{"class":62},[44,64341,66],{"class":58},[44,64343,74],{"class":62},[44,64345,1967],{"class":58},[44,64347,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64349,14929],{"class":50},[44,64351,55],{"class":54},[44,64353,23177],{"class":548},[44,64355,127],{"class":58},[44,64357,12749],{"class":123},[44,64359,133],{"class":58},[44,64361,64362],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,64363,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,64365,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,64367,140],{"class":139},[44,64369,127],{"class":58},[44,64371,12749],{"class":123},[44,64373,133],{"class":58},[44,64375,64376,64378,64380,64382],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,64377,140],{"class":139},[44,64379,127],{"class":58},[44,64381,14948],{"class":123},[44,64383,133],{"class":58},[44,64385,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,64387,140],{"class":139},[44,64389,127],{"class":58},[44,64391,12702],{"class":123},[44,64393,12810],{"class":4496},[44,64395,15002],{"class":123},[44,64397,133],{"class":58},[20,64399,150],{},[35,64401,64403],{"className":37,"code":64402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64404,64405,64421,64437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64406,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64408,4521],{"class":58},[44,64410,63],{"class":62},[44,64412,66],{"class":58},[44,64414,69],{"class":62},[44,64416,66],{"class":58},[44,64418,74],{"class":62},[44,64420,1967],{"class":58},[44,64422,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64424,4521],{"class":58},[44,64426,63],{"class":62},[44,64428,66],{"class":58},[44,64430,69],{"class":62},[44,64432,66],{"class":58},[44,64434,74],{"class":62},[44,64436,1967],{"class":58},[44,64438,64439],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,64440,4662],{"class":4471},[20,64442,64443,64444,64446],{},"This means ",[15,64445,14948],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64448,64449,64450,64452],{},"However, this is only a ",[197,64451,13467],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,64454,64456],{"className":37,"code":64455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64457,64458,64484,64498,64502,64520,64524,64534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64459,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64461,12702],{"class":50},[44,64463,55],{"class":54},[44,64465,56919],{"class":58},[44,64467,63],{"class":62},[44,64469,66],{"class":58},[44,64471,69],{"class":62},[44,64473,18680],{"class":58},[44,64475,1954],{"class":58},[44,64477,95],{"class":62},[44,64479,66],{"class":58},[44,64481,79],{"class":62},[44,64483,53868],{"class":58},[44,64485,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64487,14929],{"class":50},[44,64489,55],{"class":54},[44,64491,23177],{"class":548},[44,64493,127],{"class":58},[44,64495,12749],{"class":123},[44,64497,133],{"class":58},[44,64499,64500],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,64501,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,64505,14948],{"class":50},[44,64507,4521],{"class":58},[44,64509,2748],{"class":62},[44,64511,14167],{"class":58},[44,64513,14170],{"class":123},[44,64515,127],{"class":58},[44,64517,56972],{"class":62},[44,64519,133],{"class":58},[44,64521,64522],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,64523,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,64525,64526,64528,64530,64532],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,64527,140],{"class":139},[44,64529,127],{"class":58},[44,64531,12749],{"class":123},[44,64533,133],{"class":58},[44,64535,64536,64538,64540,64542],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,64537,140],{"class":139},[44,64539,127],{"class":58},[44,64541,14948],{"class":123},[44,64543,133],{"class":58},[20,64545,150],{},[35,64547,64548],{"className":37,"code":57003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64549,64550,64576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64551,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64553,57010],{"class":58},[44,64555,63],{"class":62},[44,64557,66],{"class":58},[44,64559,69],{"class":62},[44,64561,66],{"class":58},[44,64563,10817],{"class":62},[44,64565,18680],{"class":58},[44,64567,1954],{"class":58},[44,64569,95],{"class":62},[44,64571,66],{"class":58},[44,64573,79],{"class":62},[44,64575,53868],{"class":58},[44,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64579,57010],{"class":58},[44,64581,63],{"class":62},[44,64583,66],{"class":58},[44,64585,69],{"class":62},[44,64587,66],{"class":58},[44,64589,10817],{"class":62},[44,64591,18680],{"class":58},[44,64593,1954],{"class":58},[44,64595,95],{"class":62},[44,64597,66],{"class":58},[44,64599,79],{"class":62},[44,64601,53868],{"class":58},[20,64603,64604],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64606,64607,64608,120],{},"For more on this, see ",[176,64609,14408],{"href":14407},[30,64611,64613],{"id":64612},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64615,64616,64617,120],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64618,25399],{},[1044,64620,64622],{"id":64621},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,64624,64626],{"className":37,"code":64625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64627,64628,64668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64629,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64631,13480],{"class":50},[44,64633,55],{"class":54},[44,64635,59],{"class":58},[44,64637,633],{"class":583},[44,64639,8287],{"class":587},[44,64641,633],{"class":583},[44,64643,1598],{"class":58},[44,64645,643],{"class":583},[44,64647,8542],{"class":587},[44,64649,633],{"class":583},[44,64651,66],{"class":58},[44,64653,643],{"class":583},[44,64655,20509],{"class":587},[44,64657,633],{"class":583},[44,64659,1598],{"class":58},[44,64661,643],{"class":583},[44,64663,22863],{"class":587},[44,64665,633],{"class":583},[44,64667,82],{"class":58},[44,64669,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64671,140],{"class":139},[44,64673,127],{"class":58},[44,64675,8715],{"class":548},[44,64677,127],{"class":58},[44,64679,14243],{"class":123},[44,64681,556],{"class":58},[20,64683,150],{},[35,64685,64687],{"className":37,"code":64686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64688,64689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64690,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64692,4521],{"class":58},[44,64694,590],{"class":583},[44,64696,8287],{"class":587},[44,64698,590],{"class":583},[44,64700,66],{"class":58},[44,64702,584],{"class":583},[44,64704,20509],{"class":587},[44,64706,590],{"class":583},[44,64708,1967],{"class":58},[1044,64710,64712],{"id":64711},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,64714,64716],{"className":37,"code":64715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64717,64718,64758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64721,13480],{"class":50},[44,64723,55],{"class":54},[44,64725,59],{"class":58},[44,64727,633],{"class":583},[44,64729,8287],{"class":587},[44,64731,633],{"class":583},[44,64733,1598],{"class":58},[44,64735,643],{"class":583},[44,64737,8542],{"class":587},[44,64739,633],{"class":583},[44,64741,66],{"class":58},[44,64743,643],{"class":583},[44,64745,20509],{"class":587},[44,64747,633],{"class":583},[44,64749,1598],{"class":58},[44,64751,643],{"class":583},[44,64753,22863],{"class":587},[44,64755,633],{"class":583},[44,64757,82],{"class":58},[44,64759,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64761,140],{"class":139},[44,64763,127],{"class":58},[44,64765,8715],{"class":548},[44,64767,127],{"class":58},[44,64769,14243],{"class":123},[44,64771,120],{"class":58},[44,64773,5976],{"class":123},[44,64775,6907],{"class":58},[20,64777,150],{},[35,64779,64781],{"className":37,"code":64780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64782,64783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64784,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64786,4521],{"class":58},[44,64788,590],{"class":583},[44,64790,8542],{"class":587},[44,64792,590],{"class":583},[44,64794,66],{"class":58},[44,64796,584],{"class":583},[44,64798,22863],{"class":587},[44,64800,590],{"class":583},[44,64802,1967],{"class":58},[1044,64804,64806],{"id":64805},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,64808,64810],{"className":37,"code":64809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64811,64812,64852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64813,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64815,13480],{"class":50},[44,64817,55],{"class":54},[44,64819,59],{"class":58},[44,64821,633],{"class":583},[44,64823,8287],{"class":587},[44,64825,633],{"class":583},[44,64827,1598],{"class":58},[44,64829,643],{"class":583},[44,64831,8542],{"class":587},[44,64833,633],{"class":583},[44,64835,66],{"class":58},[44,64837,643],{"class":583},[44,64839,20509],{"class":587},[44,64841,633],{"class":583},[44,64843,1598],{"class":58},[44,64845,643],{"class":583},[44,64847,22863],{"class":587},[44,64849,633],{"class":583},[44,64851,82],{"class":58},[44,64853,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64855,140],{"class":139},[44,64857,127],{"class":58},[44,64859,8715],{"class":548},[44,64861,127],{"class":58},[44,64863,14243],{"class":123},[44,64865,120],{"class":58},[44,64867,8430],{"class":123},[44,64869,6907],{"class":58},[20,64871,150],{},[35,64873,64875],{"className":37,"code":64874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64876,64877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64878,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64880,22358],{"class":58},[44,64882,590],{"class":583},[44,64884,8287],{"class":587},[44,64886,590],{"class":583},[44,64888,66],{"class":58},[44,64890,584],{"class":583},[44,64892,8542],{"class":587},[44,64894,590],{"class":583},[44,64896,9856],{"class":58},[44,64898,9859],{"class":58},[44,64900,590],{"class":583},[44,64902,20509],{"class":587},[44,64904,590],{"class":583},[44,64906,66],{"class":58},[44,64908,584],{"class":583},[44,64910,22863],{"class":587},[44,64912,590],{"class":583},[44,64914,9872],{"class":58},[20,64916,64917],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,64919,64921],{"id":64920},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64923,1296,64924,11220],{},[15,64925,25399],{},[205,64927,64928,64936,64945],{},[208,64929,64930,64931,428,64933],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64932,53278],{},[15,64934,64935],{},"sort()",[208,64937,64938,64939,428,64941,64944],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64940,36820],{},[15,64942,64943],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[208,64946,64947],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64949,46663,64950,1598],{},[15,64951,64943],{},[35,64953,64955],{"className":37,"code":64954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64956,64957,64981,64997,65001,65024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64958,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64960,5612],{"class":50},[44,64962,55],{"class":54},[44,64964,1954],{"class":58},[44,64966,633],{"class":583},[44,64968,13497],{"class":587},[44,64970,633],{"class":583},[44,64972,66],{"class":58},[44,64974,643],{"class":583},[44,64976,36562],{"class":587},[44,64978,633],{"class":583},[44,64980,1967],{"class":58},[44,64982,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,64984,5681],{"class":50},[44,64986,55],{"class":54},[44,64988,1954],{"class":58},[44,64990,14119],{"class":62},[44,64992,66],{"class":58},[44,64994,14124],{"class":62},[44,64996,1967],{"class":58},[44,64998,64999],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,65000,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,65002,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,65004,9838],{"class":50},[44,65006,55],{"class":54},[44,65008,23177],{"class":548},[44,65010,127],{"class":58},[44,65012,65013],{"class":139},"zip",[44,65015,127],{"class":58},[44,65017,5656],{"class":123},[44,65019,66],{"class":58},[44,65021,5728],{"class":123},[44,65023,556],{"class":58},[44,65025,65026,65028,65030,65032],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,65027,140],{"class":139},[44,65029,127],{"class":58},[44,65031,9885],{"class":123},[44,65033,133],{"class":58},[20,65035,150],{},[35,65037,65039],{"className":37,"code":65038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,65040,65041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65042,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65044,22358],{"class":58},[44,65046,590],{"class":583},[44,65048,13497],{"class":587},[44,65050,590],{"class":583},[44,65052,66],{"class":58},[44,65054,20516],{"class":62},[44,65056,9856],{"class":58},[44,65058,9859],{"class":58},[44,65060,590],{"class":583},[44,65062,36562],{"class":587},[44,65064,590],{"class":583},[44,65066,66],{"class":58},[44,65068,14124],{"class":62},[44,65070,9872],{"class":58},[20,65072,65073,65074,65076,65077,120],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,65075,53278],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[176,65078,53675],{"href":53674},[30,65080,1580],{"id":1579},[20,65082,57401,65083,120],{},[15,65084,25399],{},[1044,65086,65088],{"id":65087},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,65090,5144],{},[35,65092,65094],{"className":37,"code":65093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,65095,65096,65100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65097,65098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65099,5154],{"class":1992},[44,65101,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65103,8715],{"class":548},[44,65105,127],{"class":58},[44,65107,63],{"class":62},[44,65109,66],{"class":58},[44,65111,69],{"class":62},[44,65113,66],{"class":58},[44,65115,74],{"class":62},[44,65117,133],{"class":58},[20,65119,65120,65122],{},[15,65121,25399],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,65124,19313],{},[35,65126,65128],{"className":37,"code":65127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65129,65130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65131,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65133,140],{"class":139},[44,65135,127],{"class":58},[44,65137,8715],{"class":548},[44,65139,6128],{"class":58},[44,65141,63],{"class":62},[44,65143,66],{"class":58},[44,65145,69],{"class":62},[44,65147,66],{"class":58},[44,65149,74],{"class":62},[44,65151,2432],{"class":58},[1044,65153,65155,65156],{"id":65154},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,65157,65158],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65160,65161],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,65163,65165],{"className":37,"code":65164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65166,65167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65168,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65170,140],{"class":139},[44,65172,127],{"class":58},[44,65174,8715],{"class":548},[44,65176,127],{"class":58},[44,65178,633],{"class":583},[44,65180,4464],{"class":587},[44,65182,633],{"class":583},[44,65184,556],{"class":58},[20,65186,150],{},[35,65188,65190],{"className":37,"code":65189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65191,65192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65193,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65195,4521],{"class":58},[44,65197,590],{"class":583},[44,65199,61061],{"class":587},[44,65201,590],{"class":583},[44,65203,66],{"class":58},[44,65205,584],{"class":583},[44,65207,61070],{"class":587},[44,65209,590],{"class":583},[44,65211,66],{"class":58},[44,65213,584],{"class":583},[44,65215,61079],{"class":587},[44,65217,590],{"class":583},[44,65219,66],{"class":58},[44,65221,584],{"class":583},[44,65223,61079],{"class":587},[44,65225,590],{"class":583},[44,65227,66],{"class":58},[44,65229,584],{"class":583},[44,65231,61096],{"class":587},[44,65233,590],{"class":583},[44,65235,1967],{"class":58},[20,65237,65238],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65240,65241],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,65243,65245],{"className":37,"code":65244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65246,65247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65248,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65250,140],{"class":139},[44,65252,3609],{"class":58},[44,65254,633],{"class":583},[44,65256,4464],{"class":587},[44,65258,633],{"class":583},[44,65260,4509],{"class":58},[1044,65262,65264],{"id":65263},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65266,65267],{},"This:",[35,65269,65271],{"className":37,"code":65270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65272,65273,65305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65274,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65276,9788],{"class":50},[44,65278,55],{"class":54},[44,65280,59],{"class":58},[44,65282,633],{"class":583},[44,65284,176],{"class":587},[44,65286,633],{"class":583},[44,65288,1598],{"class":58},[44,65290,2212],{"class":62},[44,65292,66],{"class":58},[44,65294,643],{"class":583},[44,65296,130],{"class":587},[44,65298,633],{"class":583},[44,65300,1598],{"class":58},[44,65302,69],{"class":62},[44,65304,82],{"class":58},[44,65306,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65308,140],{"class":139},[44,65310,127],{"class":58},[44,65312,8715],{"class":548},[44,65314,127],{"class":58},[44,65316,9827],{"class":123},[44,65318,556],{"class":58},[20,65320,65321],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65323,1296,65324,65327],{},[15,65325,65326],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1044,65329,65331],{"id":65330},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65333,65334,65336],{},[15,65335,25399],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65338,65339],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,65341,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,65343,2492,65345,65347],{"id":65344},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,65346],{}," and list()?",[20,65349,65350,65351,65353,65354,65356],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65352,4407],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65355,25399],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1044,65358,65360],{"id":65359},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65362,65363,65364,65366],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65365,25399],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1044,65368,65370],{"id":65369},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65372,65373],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1044,65375,65377],{"id":65376},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65379,65380],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1044,65382,65384],{"id":65383},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65386,65387,65388,65390],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65389,25399],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,65392,2528],{"id":2527},[205,65394,65395,65399,65404,65408,65412,65416,65420,65425],{},[208,65396,65397],{},[176,65398,53397],{"href":51604},[208,65400,65401],{},[176,65402,65403],{"href":36817},"Python range() function explained",[208,65405,65406],{},[176,65407,63841],{"href":63840},[208,65409,65410],{},[176,65411,64173],{"href":64172},[208,65413,65414],{},[176,65415,5834],{"href":6204},[208,65417,65418],{},[176,65419,14408],{"href":14407},[208,65421,65422],{},[176,65423,65424],{"href":53225},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[208,65426,65427],{},[176,65428,54904],{"href":53674},[2554,65430,65431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":65433},[65434,65435,65436,65437,65438,65445,65446,65447,65452,65453,65460,65468],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":63543,"depth":85,"text":63544},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":60242,"depth":85,"text":60243},{"id":63771,"depth":85,"text":63772,"children":65439},[65440,65441,65442,65443,65444],{"id":63775,"depth":109,"text":63776},{"id":63844,"depth":109,"text":63845},{"id":63922,"depth":109,"text":63923},{"id":63997,"depth":109,"text":63998},{"id":64064,"depth":109,"text":64065},{"id":64176,"depth":85,"text":64177},{"id":64312,"depth":85,"text":64313},{"id":64612,"depth":85,"text":64613,"children":65448},[65449,65450,65451],{"id":64621,"depth":109,"text":64622},{"id":64711,"depth":109,"text":64712},{"id":64805,"depth":109,"text":64806},{"id":64920,"depth":85,"text":64921},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":65454},[65455,65456,65458,65459],{"id":65087,"depth":109,"text":65088},{"id":65154,"depth":109,"text":65457},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65263,"depth":109,"text":65264},{"id":65330,"depth":109,"text":65331},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":65461},[65462,65464,65465,65466,65467],{"id":65344,"depth":109,"text":65463},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65359,"depth":109,"text":65360},{"id":65369,"depth":109,"text":65370},{"id":65376,"depth":109,"text":65377},{"id":65383,"depth":109,"text":65384},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63377,"description":65469},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65476,"title":65477,"body":65478,"description":66829,"extension":2593,"meta":66830,"navigation":364,"path":66831,"seo":66832,"stem":66833,"__hash__":66834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65479,"toc":66803},[65480,65485,65491,65500,65502,65575,65584,65589,65593,65609,65613,65615,65617,65636,65639,65667,65670,65695,65703,65705,65710,65717,65719,65776,65778,65786,65792,65796,65799,65872,65874,65882,65885,65908,65915,65921,65925,65931,66002,66004,66012,66021,66028,66035,66043,66187,66189,66206,66209,66248,66251,66255,66260,66262,66321,66327,66330,66437,66439,66454,66457,66464,66466,66470,66618,66621,66682,66685,66688,66709,66714,66718,66729,66732,66734,66739,66742,66750,66755,66761,66764,66770,66778,66780,66800],[10,65481,54968,65483,18],{"id":65482},"python-list-index-method",[15,65484,59590],{},[20,65486,65487,65490],{},[15,65488,65489],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65492,65493,65494,65497,65498,120],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[197,65495,65496],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65499,41327],{},[30,65501,33],{"id":32},[35,65503,65505],{"className":37,"code":65504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65506,65507,65539,65562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65510,8399],{"class":50},[44,65512,55],{"class":54},[44,65514,1954],{"class":58},[44,65516,633],{"class":583},[44,65518,636],{"class":587},[44,65520,633],{"class":583},[44,65522,66],{"class":58},[44,65524,643],{"class":583},[44,65526,646],{"class":587},[44,65528,633],{"class":583},[44,65530,66],{"class":58},[44,65532,643],{"class":583},[44,65534,4717],{"class":587},[44,65536,633],{"class":583},[44,65538,1967],{"class":58},[44,65540,65541,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65542,65543],{"class":50},"position ",[44,65545,55],{"class":54},[44,65547,6584],{"class":50},[44,65549,120],{"class":58},[44,65551,36467],{"class":123},[44,65553,127],{"class":58},[44,65555,633],{"class":583},[44,65557,646],{"class":587},[44,65559,633],{"class":583},[44,65561,133],{"class":58},[44,65563,65564,65566,65568,65571,65573],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,65565,140],{"class":139},[44,65567,127],{"class":58},[44,65569,65570],{"class":123},"position",[44,65572,4281],{"class":58},[44,65574,28399],{"class":1992},[20,65576,1296,65577,65580,65581,65583],{},[15,65578,65579],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65582,41327],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,65585,186,65587,189],{"id":65586},"what-listindex-does",[15,65588,65489],{},[20,65590,65591,1598],{},[15,65592,65489],{},[205,65594,65595,65598,65601,65606],{},[208,65596,65597],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[208,65599,65600],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[208,65602,65603,65604],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65605,2748],{},[208,65607,65608],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65610,55193,65611,120],{},[176,65612,53397],{"href":55196},[30,65614,234],{"id":233},[20,65616,31344],{},[35,65618,65620],{"className":37,"code":65619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65621,65622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65623,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65625,8961],{"class":50},[44,65627,120],{"class":58},[44,65629,36467],{"class":123},[44,65631,127],{"class":58},[44,65633,3100],{"class":123},[44,65635,133],{"class":58},[20,65637,65638],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,65640,65642],{"className":37,"code":65641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65643,65644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65647,8961],{"class":50},[44,65649,120],{"class":58},[44,65651,36467],{"class":123},[44,65653,127],{"class":58},[44,65655,3100],{"class":123},[44,65657,66],{"class":58},[44,65659,36673],{"class":123},[44,65661,66],{"class":58},[44,65663,65664],{"class":123}," end",[44,65666,133],{"class":58},[20,65668,65669],{},"Here is what each part means:",[205,65671,65672,65677,65682,65687],{},[208,65673,65674,65676],{},[15,65675,3100],{},": the item to search for",[208,65678,65679,65681],{},[15,65680,36694],{},": where the search begins",[208,65683,65684,65686],{},[15,65685,53286],{},": where the search stops",[208,65688,65689,5400,65691,65694],{},[15,65690,53286],{},[197,65692,65693],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65696,65697,65698,65700,65701,120],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65699,36694],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65702,53286],{},[30,65704,38642],{"id":38641},[20,65706,65707,65709],{},[15,65708,65489],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65711,65712,65713,65716],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[197,65714,65715],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65718,295],{},[35,65720,65722],{"className":37,"code":65721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65723,65724,65744,65762,65766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65725,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65727,884],{"class":50},[44,65729,55],{"class":54},[44,65731,1954],{"class":58},[44,65733,2958],{"class":62},[44,65735,66],{"class":58},[44,65737,8410],{"class":62},[44,65739,66],{"class":58},[44,65741,8415],{"class":62},[44,65743,1967],{"class":58},[44,65745,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65747,112],{"class":50},[44,65749,55],{"class":54},[44,65751,975],{"class":50},[44,65753,120],{"class":58},[44,65755,36467],{"class":123},[44,65757,127],{"class":58},[44,65759,16372],{"class":62},[44,65761,133],{"class":58},[44,65763,65764],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,65765,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,65767,65768,65770,65772,65774],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,65769,140],{"class":139},[44,65771,127],{"class":58},[44,65773,145],{"class":123},[44,65775,133],{"class":58},[20,65777,150],{},[35,65779,65780],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65781,65782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65783,65784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65785,47540],{"class":62},[20,65787,65788,65789,65791],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65790,59590],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,65793,65795],{"id":65794},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65797,65798],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,65800,65802],{"className":37,"code":65801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65803,65804,65836,65858,65862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65805,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65807,36861],{"class":50},[44,65809,55],{"class":54},[44,65811,1954],{"class":58},[44,65813,633],{"class":583},[44,65815,636],{"class":587},[44,65817,633],{"class":583},[44,65819,66],{"class":58},[44,65821,643],{"class":583},[44,65823,646],{"class":587},[44,65825,633],{"class":583},[44,65827,66],{"class":58},[44,65829,643],{"class":583},[44,65831,4717],{"class":587},[44,65833,633],{"class":583},[44,65835,1967],{"class":58},[44,65837,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65839,65543],{"class":50},[44,65841,55],{"class":54},[44,65843,53477],{"class":50},[44,65845,120],{"class":58},[44,65847,36467],{"class":123},[44,65849,127],{"class":58},[44,65851,633],{"class":583},[44,65853,4717],{"class":587},[44,65855,633],{"class":583},[44,65857,133],{"class":58},[44,65859,65860],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,65861,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,65863,65864,65866,65868,65870],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,65865,140],{"class":139},[44,65867,127],{"class":58},[44,65869,65570],{"class":123},[44,65871,133],{"class":58},[20,65873,150],{},[35,65875,65876],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65877,65878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65879,65880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65881,17675],{"class":62},[20,65883,65884],{},"In this list:",[205,65886,65887,65894,65901],{},[208,65888,65889,65891,65892],{},[15,65890,850],{}," is at index ",[15,65893,2748],{},[208,65895,65896,65891,65899],{},[15,65897,65898],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65900,63],{},[208,65902,65903,65891,65906],{},[15,65904,65905],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65907,339],{},[20,65909,54279,65910,3025,65913,120],{},[15,65911,65912],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65914,339],{},[20,65916,52168,65917,120],{},[176,65918,65920],{"href":65919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,65922,65924],{"id":65923},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65926,65927,65928,65930],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65929,59590],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,65932,65934],{"className":37,"code":65933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65935,65936,65976,65980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65937,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65939,13692],{"class":50},[44,65941,55],{"class":54},[44,65943,1954],{"class":58},[44,65945,633],{"class":583},[44,65947,13709],{"class":587},[44,65949,633],{"class":583},[44,65951,66],{"class":58},[44,65953,643],{"class":583},[44,65955,13726],{"class":587},[44,65957,633],{"class":583},[44,65959,66],{"class":58},[44,65961,643],{"class":583},[44,65963,13709],{"class":587},[44,65965,633],{"class":583},[44,65967,66],{"class":58},[44,65969,643],{"class":583},[44,65971,18073],{"class":587},[44,65973,633],{"class":583},[44,65975,1967],{"class":58},[44,65977,65978],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,65979,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,65981,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,65983,140],{"class":139},[44,65985,127],{"class":58},[44,65987,18120],{"class":123},[44,65989,120],{"class":58},[44,65991,36467],{"class":123},[44,65993,127],{"class":58},[44,65995,633],{"class":583},[44,65997,13709],{"class":587},[44,65999,633],{"class":583},[44,66001,556],{"class":58},[20,66003,150],{},[35,66005,66006],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66007,66008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66009,66010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66011,47875],{"class":62},[20,66013,21596,66014,66017,66018,66020],{},[15,66015,66016],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,66019,2748],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,66022,66023,66024,120],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[176,66025,56145,66026,2544],{"href":59649},[15,66027,57915],{},[30,66029,863,66031,2495,66033],{"id":66030},"using-start-and-end",[15,66032,36694],{},[15,66034,53286],{},[20,66036,66037,66038,2495,66040,66042],{},"The optional ",[15,66039,36694],{},[15,66041,53286],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,66044,66046],{"className":37,"code":66045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,66047,66048,66096,66100,66125,66154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66049,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66051,36712],{"class":50},[44,66053,55],{"class":54},[44,66055,1954],{"class":58},[44,66057,633],{"class":583},[44,66059,176],{"class":587},[44,66061,633],{"class":583},[44,66063,66],{"class":58},[44,66065,643],{"class":583},[44,66067,130],{"class":587},[44,66069,633],{"class":583},[44,66071,66],{"class":58},[44,66073,643],{"class":583},[44,66075,431],{"class":587},[44,66077,633],{"class":583},[44,66079,66],{"class":58},[44,66081,643],{"class":583},[44,66083,130],{"class":587},[44,66085,633],{"class":583},[44,66087,66],{"class":58},[44,66089,643],{"class":583},[44,66091,19386],{"class":587},[44,66093,633],{"class":583},[44,66095,1967],{"class":58},[44,66097,66098],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66099,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,66101,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,66103,140],{"class":139},[44,66105,127],{"class":58},[44,66107,36765],{"class":123},[44,66109,120],{"class":58},[44,66111,36467],{"class":123},[44,66113,127],{"class":58},[44,66115,633],{"class":583},[44,66117,130],{"class":587},[44,66119,633],{"class":583},[44,66121,5979],{"class":58},[44,66123,66124],{"class":1992},"        # first match\n",[44,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,66128,140],{"class":139},[44,66130,127],{"class":58},[44,66132,36765],{"class":123},[44,66134,120],{"class":58},[44,66136,36467],{"class":123},[44,66138,127],{"class":58},[44,66140,633],{"class":583},[44,66142,130],{"class":587},[44,66144,633],{"class":583},[44,66146,66],{"class":58},[44,66148,69],{"class":62},[44,66150,5979],{"class":58},[44,66152,66153],{"class":1992},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,66155,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,66157,140],{"class":139},[44,66159,127],{"class":58},[44,66161,36765],{"class":123},[44,66163,120],{"class":58},[44,66165,36467],{"class":123},[44,66167,127],{"class":58},[44,66169,633],{"class":583},[44,66171,130],{"class":587},[44,66173,633],{"class":583},[44,66175,66],{"class":58},[44,66177,2212],{"class":62},[44,66179,66],{"class":58},[44,66181,79],{"class":62},[44,66183,5979],{"class":58},[44,66185,66186],{"class":1992},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66188,150],{},[35,66190,66192],{"className":37,"code":66191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66193,66194,66198,66202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66195,66196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66197,47540],{"class":62},[44,66199,66200],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66201,47240],{"class":62},[44,66203,66204],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,66205,47540],{"class":62},[20,66207,66208],{},"How this works:",[205,66210,66211,66223,66236],{},[208,66212,66213,66216,66217,66220,66221],{},[15,66214,66215],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66218,66219],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66222,63],{},[208,66224,66225,66228,66229,66231,66232,66220,66234],{},[15,66226,66227],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66230,339],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66233,66219],{},[15,66235,95],{},[208,66237,66238,66241,66242,2817,66244,17691,66246],{},[15,66239,66240],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66243,63],{},[15,66245,339],{},[15,66247,95],{},[20,66249,66250],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,66252,66254],{"id":66253},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66256,66257,66258,120],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66259,41327],{},[20,66261,295],{},[35,66263,66265],{"className":37,"code":66264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66266,66267,66299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66270,8399],{"class":50},[44,66272,55],{"class":54},[44,66274,1954],{"class":58},[44,66276,633],{"class":583},[44,66278,636],{"class":587},[44,66280,633],{"class":583},[44,66282,66],{"class":58},[44,66284,643],{"class":583},[44,66286,646],{"class":587},[44,66288,633],{"class":583},[44,66290,66],{"class":58},[44,66292,643],{"class":583},[44,66294,4717],{"class":587},[44,66296,633],{"class":583},[44,66298,1967],{"class":58},[44,66300,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66302,140],{"class":139},[44,66304,127],{"class":58},[44,66306,8430],{"class":123},[44,66308,120],{"class":58},[44,66310,36467],{"class":123},[44,66312,127],{"class":58},[44,66314,633],{"class":583},[44,66316,655],{"class":587},[44,66318,633],{"class":583},[44,66320,556],{"class":58},[20,66322,40276,66323,66326],{},[15,66324,66325],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66328,66329],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,66331,66333],{"className":37,"code":66332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66334,66335,66367,66380,66384,66397,66416,66422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66336,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66338,8399],{"class":50},[44,66340,55],{"class":54},[44,66342,1954],{"class":58},[44,66344,633],{"class":583},[44,66346,636],{"class":587},[44,66348,633],{"class":583},[44,66350,66],{"class":58},[44,66352,643],{"class":583},[44,66354,646],{"class":587},[44,66356,633],{"class":583},[44,66358,66],{"class":58},[44,66360,643],{"class":583},[44,66362,4717],{"class":587},[44,66364,633],{"class":583},[44,66366,1967],{"class":58},[44,66368,66369,66372,66374,66376,66378],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66370,66371],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,66373,55],{"class":54},[44,66375,643],{"class":583},[44,66377,655],{"class":587},[44,66379,3979],{"class":583},[44,66381,66382],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,66383,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,66385,66386,66388,66391,66393,66395],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,66387,7615],{"class":4496},[44,66389,66390],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,66392,4503],{"class":54},[44,66394,6584],{"class":50},[44,66396,7011],{"class":58},[44,66398,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66414],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,66400,8690],{"class":139},[44,66402,127],{"class":58},[44,66404,8430],{"class":123},[44,66406,120],{"class":58},[44,66408,36467],{"class":123},[44,66410,127],{"class":58},[44,66412,66413],{"class":123},"search_value",[44,66415,556],{"class":58},[44,66417,66418,66420],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,66419,28053],{"class":4496},[44,66421,7011],{"class":58},[44,66423,66424,66426,66428,66430,66433,66435],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,66425,8690],{"class":139},[44,66427,127],{"class":58},[44,66429,633],{"class":583},[44,66431,66432],{"class":587},"Item not found",[44,66434,633],{"class":583},[44,66436,133],{"class":58},[20,66438,150],{},[35,66440,66442],{"className":37,"code":66441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,66443,66444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66445,66446,66449,66451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66447,66448],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,66450,199],{"class":54},[44,66452,66453],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,66455,66456],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66458,66459,66460,120],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[176,66461,66463],{"href":66462},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,66465,1580],{"id":1579},[20,66467,1583,66468,1598],{},[15,66469,65489],{},[205,66471,66472,66490,66502,66562],{},[208,66473,26393,66474,3025,66476,66479,66480,66482,66483,5779,66485,66487,66488,120],{},[15,66475,59590],{},[15,66477,66478],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10466,66481],{},"\nPython does ",[197,66484,199],{},[15,66486,66478],{},". It raises ",[15,66489,41327],{},[208,66491,66492,66493,66495,66498,66499,66501],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10466,66494],{},[15,66496,66497],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66500,65898],{},", not the value itself.",[208,66503,863,66504,11711,66507,66509,66511,66512,17274,66514,66537,17262,66539],{},[15,66505,66506],{},"index[]",[15,66508,59590],{},[10466,66510],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10466,66513],{},[35,66515,66517],{"className":37,"code":66516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66518,66519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66520,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66522,8430],{"class":50},[44,66524,120],{"class":58},[44,66526,36467],{"class":123},[44,66528,127],{"class":58},[44,66530,633],{"class":583},[44,66532,646],{"class":587},[44,66534,633],{"class":583},[44,66536,133],{"class":58},[10466,66538],{},[35,66540,66542],{"className":37,"code":66541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66543,66544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66547,8430],{"class":50},[44,66549,120],{"class":58},[44,66551,36467],{"class":25368},[44,66553,4521],{"class":58},[44,66555,633],{"class":583},[44,66557,646],{"class":587},[44,66559,633],{"class":583},[44,66561,1967],{"class":58},[208,66563,66564,66565,66567,2495,66570,66572,66573],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10466,66566],{},[15,66568,66569],{},"\"3\"",[15,66571,95],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,66574,66576],{"className":37,"code":66575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66577,66578,66598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66579,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66581,884],{"class":50},[44,66583,55],{"class":54},[44,66585,1954],{"class":58},[44,66587,63],{"class":62},[44,66589,66],{"class":58},[44,66591,69],{"class":62},[44,66593,66],{"class":58},[44,66595,74],{"class":62},[44,66597,1967],{"class":58},[44,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66601,140],{"class":139},[44,66603,127],{"class":58},[44,66605,633],{"class":583},[44,66607,95],{"class":587},[44,66609,633],{"class":583},[44,66611,21792],{"class":4496},[44,66613,975],{"class":123},[44,66615,4281],{"class":58},[44,66617,5388],{"class":1992},[20,66619,66620],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,66622,66624],{"className":37,"code":66623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66625,66626,66636,66650,66664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66629,140],{"class":139},[44,66631,127],{"class":58},[44,66633,8961],{"class":123},[44,66635,133],{"class":58},[44,66637,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66639,140],{"class":139},[44,66641,127],{"class":58},[44,66643,549],{"class":548},[44,66645,127],{"class":58},[44,66647,66413],{"class":123},[44,66649,556],{"class":58},[44,66651,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,66653,140],{"class":139},[44,66655,127],{"class":58},[44,66657,66371],{"class":123},[44,66659,4503],{"class":4496},[44,66661,9018],{"class":123},[44,66663,133],{"class":58},[44,66665,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,66667,140],{"class":139},[44,66669,127],{"class":58},[44,66671,8961],{"class":123},[44,66673,120],{"class":58},[44,66675,36467],{"class":123},[44,66677,127],{"class":58},[44,66679,66413],{"class":123},[44,66681,556],{"class":58},[20,66683,66684],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66686,66687],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[205,66689,66690,66693,66700,66706],{},[208,66691,66692],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[208,66694,66695,66696,11711,66698],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66697,66569],{},[15,66699,95],{},[208,66701,66702,66703,66705],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66704,59590],{}," returns only the first one",[208,66707,66708],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,66710,5578,66712],{"id":66711},"when-to-use-index",[15,66713,59590],{},[20,66715,1296,66716,11220],{},[15,66717,59590],{},[205,66719,66720,66723,66726],{},[208,66721,66722],{},"You need the position of a known value",[208,66724,66725],{},"You are working with a small list",[208,66727,66728],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66730,66731],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,66733,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,66735,5760,66737,5763],{"id":66736},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66738,65489],{},[20,66740,66741],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1044,66743,2482,66745,5779,66747,66749],{"id":66744},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66746,65489],{},[15,66748,66478],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66751,66752,66753,7248],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66754,41327],{},[1044,66756,5788,66758,66760],{"id":66757},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66759,65489],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66762,66763],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1044,66765,66767,66768,1447],{"id":66766},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66769,59590],{},[20,66771,66772,66773,2495,66775,66777],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66774,36694],{},[15,66776,53286],{}," arguments.",[30,66779,2528],{"id":2527},[205,66781,66782,66786,66790,66794],{},[208,66783,66784],{},[176,66785,59578],{"href":65919},[208,66787,66788],{},[176,66789,53397],{"href":55196},[208,66791,66792],{},[176,66793,66463],{"href":66462},[208,66795,66796],{},[176,66797,56145,66798,2544],{"href":59649},[15,66799,57915],{},[2554,66801,66802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":66804},[66805,66806,66808,66809,66810,66811,66812,66814,66815,66816,66818,66828],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":65586,"depth":85,"text":66807},"What list.index() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642},{"id":65794,"depth":85,"text":65795},{"id":65923,"depth":85,"text":65924},{"id":66030,"depth":85,"text":66813},"Using start and end",{"id":66253,"depth":85,"text":66254},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580},{"id":66711,"depth":85,"text":66817},"When to use index()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":66819},[66820,66822,66824,66826],{"id":66736,"depth":109,"text":66821},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66744,"depth":109,"text":66823},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66757,"depth":109,"text":66825},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66766,"depth":109,"text":66827},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65477,"description":66829},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66836,"title":66837,"body":66838,"description":68780,"extension":2593,"meta":68781,"navigation":364,"path":68782,"seo":68783,"stem":68784,"__hash__":68785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66839,"toc":68740},[66840,66845,66850,66853,66862,66919,66925,66930,66934,66948,66954,66956,66979,66996,66998,67059,67061,67093,67106,67108,67111,67211,67213,67291,67297,67301,67309,67313,67319,67374,67376,67400,67404,67407,67460,67462,67486,67490,67493,67546,67548,67572,67576,67582,67653,67655,67696,67702,67709,67712,67717,67725,67730,67738,67740,67837,67839,67908,67915,67920,67922,67926,67931,67933,68004,68006,68035,68041,68043,68070,68073,68096,68100,68103,68125,68128,68151,68153,68213,68215,68247,68253,68258,68311,68313,68338,68341,68390,68392,68413,68417,68422,68425,68480,68482,68509,68516,68520,68525,68596,68599,68613,68618,68623,68625,68639,68651,68656,68658,68663,68668,68672,68675,68681,68687,68694,68702,68704,68737],[10,66841,54968,66843,18],{"id":66842},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66844,54894],{},[20,66846,66847,66849],{},[15,66848,54537],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66851,66852],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66854,1296,66855,66857,66858,120],{},[15,66856,54894],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[176,66859,56145,66860,2544],{"href":57394},[15,66861,53278],{},[35,66863,66865],{"className":37,"code":66864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66866,66867,66887,66905,66915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66868,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66870,884],{"class":50},[44,66872,55],{"class":54},[44,66874,1954],{"class":58},[44,66876,63],{"class":62},[44,66878,66],{"class":58},[44,66880,69],{"class":62},[44,66882,66],{"class":58},[44,66884,79],{"class":62},[44,66886,1967],{"class":58},[44,66888,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,66890,4268],{"class":50},[44,66892,120],{"class":58},[44,66894,54577],{"class":123},[44,66896,127],{"class":58},[44,66898,339],{"class":62},[44,66900,66],{"class":58},[44,66902,74],{"class":62},[44,66904,133],{"class":58},[44,66906,66907,66909,66911,66913],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,66908,140],{"class":139},[44,66910,127],{"class":58},[44,66912,4268],{"class":123},[44,66914,133],{"class":58},[44,66916,66917],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,66918,53349],{"class":1992},[20,66920,1296,66921,66924],{},[15,66922,66923],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,66926,186,66928,189],{"id":66927},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66929,54537],{},[20,66931,66932,1598],{},[15,66933,54537],{},[205,66935,66936,66939,66942,66944],{},[208,66937,66938],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[208,66940,66941],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[208,66943,55054],{},[208,66945,12041,66946],{},[15,66947,4398],{},[20,66949,66950,66951,66953],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66952,54894],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,66955,6049],{"id":6048},[35,66957,66959],{"className":37,"code":66958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66960,66961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66962,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66964,8961],{"class":50},[44,66966,120],{"class":58},[44,66968,54577],{"class":123},[44,66970,127],{"class":58},[44,66972,36467],{"class":123},[44,66974,66],{"class":58},[44,66976,30126],{"class":123},[44,66978,133],{"class":58},[205,66980,66981,66986,66991],{},[208,66982,66983,66985],{},[15,66984,36467],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[208,66987,66988,66990],{},[15,66989,23928],{}," is the value to add",[208,66992,66993,66994],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66995,2748],{},[20,66997,295],{},[35,66999,67001],{"className":37,"code":67000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67002,67003,67027,67049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67004,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67006,36712],{"class":50},[44,67008,55],{"class":54},[44,67010,1954],{"class":58},[44,67012,633],{"class":583},[44,67014,176],{"class":587},[44,67016,633],{"class":583},[44,67018,66],{"class":58},[44,67020,643],{"class":583},[44,67022,431],{"class":587},[44,67024,633],{"class":583},[44,67026,1967],{"class":58},[44,67028,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67030,36765],{"class":50},[44,67032,120],{"class":58},[44,67034,54577],{"class":123},[44,67036,127],{"class":58},[44,67038,63],{"class":62},[44,67040,66],{"class":58},[44,67042,643],{"class":583},[44,67044,130],{"class":587},[44,67046,633],{"class":583},[44,67048,133],{"class":58},[44,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67052,140],{"class":139},[44,67054,127],{"class":58},[44,67056,36765],{"class":123},[44,67058,133],{"class":58},[20,67060,150],{},[35,67062,67063],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67064,67065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67066,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67068,4521],{"class":58},[44,67070,590],{"class":583},[44,67072,176],{"class":587},[44,67074,590],{"class":583},[44,67076,66],{"class":58},[44,67078,584],{"class":583},[44,67080,130],{"class":587},[44,67082,590],{"class":583},[44,67084,66],{"class":58},[44,67086,584],{"class":583},[44,67088,431],{"class":587},[44,67090,590],{"class":583},[44,67092,1967],{"class":58},[20,67094,21389,67095,67097,67098,67100,67101,2495,67103,120],{},[15,67096,66219],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,67099,63],{},", so it appears between ",[15,67102,18714],{},[15,67104,67105],{},"\"c\"",[30,67107,6405],{"id":6404},[20,67109,67110],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,67112,67114],{"className":37,"code":67113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,67115,67116,67148,67166,67170,67192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67119,13692],{"class":50},[44,67121,55],{"class":54},[44,67123,1954],{"class":58},[44,67125,633],{"class":583},[44,67127,13709],{"class":587},[44,67129,633],{"class":583},[44,67131,66],{"class":58},[44,67133,643],{"class":583},[44,67135,13726],{"class":587},[44,67137,633],{"class":583},[44,67139,66],{"class":58},[44,67141,643],{"class":583},[44,67143,18073],{"class":587},[44,67145,633],{"class":583},[44,67147,1967],{"class":58},[44,67149,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67151,140],{"class":139},[44,67153,127],{"class":58},[44,67155,633],{"class":583},[44,67157,12180],{"class":587},[44,67159,633],{"class":583},[44,67161,66],{"class":58},[44,67163,13740],{"class":123},[44,67165,133],{"class":58},[44,67167,67168],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67169,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,67173,18120],{"class":50},[44,67175,120],{"class":58},[44,67177,54577],{"class":123},[44,67179,127],{"class":58},[44,67181,63],{"class":62},[44,67183,66],{"class":58},[44,67185,643],{"class":583},[44,67187,23142],{"class":587},[44,67189,633],{"class":583},[44,67191,133],{"class":58},[44,67193,67194,67196,67198,67200,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,67195,140],{"class":139},[44,67197,127],{"class":58},[44,67199,633],{"class":583},[44,67201,67202],{"class":587},"After: ",[44,67204,633],{"class":583},[44,67206,66],{"class":58},[44,67208,13740],{"class":123},[44,67210,133],{"class":58},[20,67212,150],{},[35,67214,67216],{"className":37,"code":67215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67217,67218,67250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67221,12240],{"class":50},[44,67223,1598],{"class":58},[44,67225,1954],{"class":58},[44,67227,590],{"class":583},[44,67229,13709],{"class":587},[44,67231,590],{"class":583},[44,67233,66],{"class":58},[44,67235,584],{"class":583},[44,67237,13726],{"class":587},[44,67239,590],{"class":583},[44,67241,66],{"class":58},[44,67243,584],{"class":583},[44,67245,18073],{"class":587},[44,67247,590],{"class":583},[44,67249,1967],{"class":58},[44,67251,67252,67254,67256,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67253,12293],{"class":50},[44,67255,1598],{"class":58},[44,67257,67258],{"class":58},"  [",[44,67260,590],{"class":583},[44,67262,13709],{"class":587},[44,67264,590],{"class":583},[44,67266,66],{"class":58},[44,67268,584],{"class":583},[44,67270,23142],{"class":587},[44,67272,590],{"class":583},[44,67274,66],{"class":58},[44,67276,584],{"class":583},[44,67278,13726],{"class":587},[44,67280,590],{"class":583},[44,67282,66],{"class":58},[44,67284,584],{"class":583},[44,67286,18073],{"class":587},[44,67288,590],{"class":583},[44,67290,1967],{"class":58},[20,67292,67293,67294,67296],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67295,63],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,67298,67300],{"id":67299},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67302,192,67303,35950,67305,67308],{},[15,67304,36467],{},[15,67306,67307],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1044,67310,67312],{"id":67311},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67314,67315,67316,67318],{},"Use index ",[15,67317,2748],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,67320,67322],{"className":37,"code":67321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67323,67324,67345,67364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67325,67326,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67327,67328],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,67330,55],{"class":54},[44,67332,1954],{"class":58},[44,67334,339],{"class":62},[44,67336,66],{"class":58},[44,67338,74],{"class":62},[44,67340,66],{"class":58},[44,67342,79],{"class":62},[44,67344,1967],{"class":58},[44,67346,67347,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67348,67349],{"class":50},"nums",[44,67351,120],{"class":58},[44,67353,54577],{"class":123},[44,67355,127],{"class":58},[44,67357,2748],{"class":62},[44,67359,66],{"class":58},[44,67361,2212],{"class":62},[44,67363,133],{"class":58},[44,67365,67366,67368,67370,67372],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67367,140],{"class":139},[44,67369,127],{"class":58},[44,67371,67349],{"class":123},[44,67373,133],{"class":58},[20,67375,150],{},[35,67377,67378],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67379,67380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67383,4521],{"class":58},[44,67385,63],{"class":62},[44,67387,66],{"class":58},[44,67389,69],{"class":62},[44,67391,66],{"class":58},[44,67393,74],{"class":62},[44,67395,66],{"class":58},[44,67397,79],{"class":62},[44,67399,1967],{"class":58},[1044,67401,67403],{"id":67402},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67405,67406],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,67408,67410],{"className":37,"code":67409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67411,67412,67432,67450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67413,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67415,67328],{"class":50},[44,67417,55],{"class":54},[44,67419,1954],{"class":58},[44,67421,63],{"class":62},[44,67423,66],{"class":58},[44,67425,69],{"class":62},[44,67427,66],{"class":58},[44,67429,79],{"class":62},[44,67431,1967],{"class":58},[44,67433,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67435,67349],{"class":50},[44,67437,120],{"class":58},[44,67439,54577],{"class":123},[44,67441,127],{"class":58},[44,67443,339],{"class":62},[44,67445,66],{"class":58},[44,67447,74],{"class":62},[44,67449,133],{"class":58},[44,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67453,140],{"class":139},[44,67455,127],{"class":58},[44,67457,67349],{"class":123},[44,67459,133],{"class":58},[20,67461,150],{},[35,67463,67464],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67465,67466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67467,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67469,4521],{"class":58},[44,67471,63],{"class":62},[44,67473,66],{"class":58},[44,67475,69],{"class":62},[44,67477,66],{"class":58},[44,67479,74],{"class":62},[44,67481,66],{"class":58},[44,67483,79],{"class":62},[44,67485,1967],{"class":58},[1044,67487,67489],{"id":67488},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67491,67492],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,67494,67496],{"className":37,"code":67495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67497,67498,67518,67536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67499,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67501,67328],{"class":50},[44,67503,55],{"class":54},[44,67505,1954],{"class":58},[44,67507,63],{"class":62},[44,67509,66],{"class":58},[44,67511,69],{"class":62},[44,67513,66],{"class":58},[44,67515,74],{"class":62},[44,67517,1967],{"class":58},[44,67519,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67521,67349],{"class":50},[44,67523,120],{"class":58},[44,67525,54577],{"class":123},[44,67527,127],{"class":58},[44,67529,2958],{"class":62},[44,67531,66],{"class":58},[44,67533,79],{"class":62},[44,67535,133],{"class":58},[44,67537,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67539,140],{"class":139},[44,67541,127],{"class":58},[44,67543,67349],{"class":123},[44,67545,133],{"class":58},[20,67547,150],{},[35,67549,67550],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67551,67552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67555,4521],{"class":58},[44,67557,63],{"class":62},[44,67559,66],{"class":58},[44,67561,69],{"class":62},[44,67563,66],{"class":58},[44,67565,74],{"class":62},[44,67567,66],{"class":58},[44,67569,79],{"class":62},[44,67571,1967],{"class":58},[1044,67573,67575],{"id":67574},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67577,67578,67579,67581],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67580,54894],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,67583,67585],{"className":37,"code":67584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67586,67587,67619,67643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67590,36712],{"class":50},[44,67592,55],{"class":54},[44,67594,1954],{"class":58},[44,67596,633],{"class":583},[44,67598,176],{"class":587},[44,67600,633],{"class":583},[44,67602,66],{"class":58},[44,67604,643],{"class":583},[44,67606,130],{"class":587},[44,67608,633],{"class":583},[44,67610,66],{"class":58},[44,67612,643],{"class":583},[44,67614,19386],{"class":587},[44,67616,633],{"class":583},[44,67618,1967],{"class":58},[44,67620,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67622,36765],{"class":50},[44,67624,120],{"class":58},[44,67626,54577],{"class":123},[44,67628,127],{"class":58},[44,67630,1316],{"class":54},[44,67632,63],{"class":62},[44,67634,66],{"class":58},[44,67636,643],{"class":583},[44,67638,431],{"class":587},[44,67640,633],{"class":583},[44,67642,133],{"class":58},[44,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67646,140],{"class":139},[44,67648,127],{"class":58},[44,67650,36765],{"class":123},[44,67652,133],{"class":58},[20,67654,150],{},[35,67656,67658],{"className":37,"code":67657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67659,67660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67661,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67663,4521],{"class":58},[44,67665,590],{"class":583},[44,67667,176],{"class":587},[44,67669,590],{"class":583},[44,67671,66],{"class":58},[44,67673,584],{"class":583},[44,67675,130],{"class":587},[44,67677,590],{"class":583},[44,67679,66],{"class":58},[44,67681,584],{"class":583},[44,67683,431],{"class":587},[44,67685,590],{"class":583},[44,67687,66],{"class":58},[44,67689,584],{"class":583},[44,67691,19386],{"class":587},[44,67693,590],{"class":583},[44,67695,1967],{"class":58},[20,67697,67698,67699,2931],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[176,67700,67701],{"href":51604},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,67703,67705,1036,67707],{"id":67704},"insert-vs-append",[15,67706,54894],{},[15,67708,53278],{},[20,67710,67711],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1044,67713,1296,67715,11220],{"id":67714},"use-insert-when",[15,67716,54894],{},[205,67718,67719,67722],{},[208,67720,67721],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[208,67723,67724],{},"The order of the list matters",[1044,67726,1296,67728,11220],{"id":67727},"use-append-when",[15,67729,53278],{},[205,67731,67732,67735],{},[208,67733,67734],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[208,67736,67737],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67739,295],{},[35,67741,67743],{"className":37,"code":67742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67744,67745,67769,67773,67795,67805,67809,67827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67746,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67748,8399],{"class":50},[44,67750,55],{"class":54},[44,67752,1954],{"class":58},[44,67754,633],{"class":583},[44,67756,636],{"class":587},[44,67758,633],{"class":583},[44,67760,66],{"class":58},[44,67762,643],{"class":583},[44,67764,655],{"class":587},[44,67766,633],{"class":583},[44,67768,1967],{"class":58},[44,67770,67771],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67772,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,67774,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67776,8430],{"class":50},[44,67778,120],{"class":58},[44,67780,54577],{"class":123},[44,67782,127],{"class":58},[44,67784,63],{"class":62},[44,67786,66],{"class":58},[44,67788,643],{"class":583},[44,67790,646],{"class":587},[44,67792,633],{"class":583},[44,67794,133],{"class":58},[44,67796,67797,67799,67801,67803],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,67798,140],{"class":139},[44,67800,127],{"class":58},[44,67802,8430],{"class":123},[44,67804,133],{"class":58},[44,67806,67807],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,67808,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,67810,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,67812,8430],{"class":50},[44,67814,120],{"class":58},[44,67816,14170],{"class":123},[44,67818,127],{"class":58},[44,67820,633],{"class":583},[44,67822,689],{"class":587},[44,67824,633],{"class":583},[44,67826,133],{"class":58},[44,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,67830,140],{"class":139},[44,67832,127],{"class":58},[44,67834,8430],{"class":123},[44,67836,133],{"class":58},[20,67838,150],{},[35,67840,67842],{"className":37,"code":67841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67843,67844,67872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67847,4521],{"class":58},[44,67849,590],{"class":583},[44,67851,636],{"class":587},[44,67853,590],{"class":583},[44,67855,66],{"class":58},[44,67857,584],{"class":583},[44,67859,646],{"class":587},[44,67861,590],{"class":583},[44,67863,66],{"class":58},[44,67865,584],{"class":583},[44,67867,655],{"class":587},[44,67869,590],{"class":583},[44,67871,1967],{"class":58},[44,67873,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67875,4521],{"class":58},[44,67877,590],{"class":583},[44,67879,636],{"class":587},[44,67881,590],{"class":583},[44,67883,66],{"class":58},[44,67885,584],{"class":583},[44,67887,646],{"class":587},[44,67889,590],{"class":583},[44,67891,66],{"class":58},[44,67893,584],{"class":583},[44,67895,655],{"class":587},[44,67897,590],{"class":583},[44,67899,66],{"class":58},[44,67901,584],{"class":583},[44,67903,689],{"class":587},[44,67905,590],{"class":583},[44,67907,1967],{"class":58},[20,67909,67910,67911,120],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[176,67912,56145,67913,2544],{"href":57394},[15,67914,53278],{},[20,67916,67917,67918,120],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[176,67919,53675],{"href":53674},[30,67921,1580],{"id":1579},[20,67923,15351,67924,120],{},[15,67925,54894],{},[1044,67927,13211,67929],{"id":67928},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67930,54894],{},[20,67932,26309],{},[35,67934,67936],{"className":37,"code":67935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67937,67938,67958,67980,67984,67994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67939,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67941,884],{"class":50},[44,67943,55],{"class":54},[44,67945,1954],{"class":58},[44,67947,63],{"class":62},[44,67949,66],{"class":58},[44,67951,69],{"class":62},[44,67953,66],{"class":58},[44,67955,74],{"class":62},[44,67957,1967],{"class":58},[44,67959,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,67961,112],{"class":50},[44,67963,55],{"class":54},[44,67965,975],{"class":50},[44,67967,120],{"class":58},[44,67969,54577],{"class":123},[44,67971,127],{"class":58},[44,67973,63],{"class":62},[44,67975,66],{"class":58},[44,67977,10817],{"class":62},[44,67979,133],{"class":58},[44,67981,67982],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,67983,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,67987,140],{"class":139},[44,67989,127],{"class":58},[44,67991,145],{"class":123},[44,67993,133],{"class":58},[44,67995,67996,67998,68000,68002],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,67997,140],{"class":139},[44,67999,127],{"class":58},[44,68001,4268],{"class":123},[44,68003,133],{"class":58},[20,68005,150],{},[35,68007,68009],{"className":37,"code":68008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68010,68011,68015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68012,68013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68014,12424],{"class":4471},[44,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68018,4521],{"class":58},[44,68020,63],{"class":62},[44,68022,66],{"class":58},[44,68024,10817],{"class":62},[44,68026,66],{"class":58},[44,68028,69],{"class":62},[44,68030,66],{"class":58},[44,68032,74],{"class":62},[44,68034,1967],{"class":58},[20,68036,68037,54779,68039,120],{},[15,68038,54894],{},[15,68040,4398],{},[20,68042,17262],{},[35,68044,68046],{"className":37,"code":68045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68047,68048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68051,56515],{"class":50},[44,68053,55],{"class":54},[44,68055,975],{"class":50},[44,68057,120],{"class":58},[44,68059,54577],{"class":123},[44,68061,127],{"class":58},[44,68063,63],{"class":62},[44,68065,66],{"class":58},[44,68067,10817],{"class":62},[44,68069,133],{"class":58},[20,68071,68072],{},"Right:",[35,68074,68076],{"className":37,"code":68075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68077,68078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68079,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68081,4268],{"class":50},[44,68083,120],{"class":58},[44,68085,54577],{"class":123},[44,68087,127],{"class":58},[44,68089,63],{"class":62},[44,68091,66],{"class":58},[44,68093,10817],{"class":62},[44,68095,133],{"class":58},[1044,68097,68099],{"id":68098},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,68101,68102],{},"The correct order is:",[35,68104,68105],{"className":37,"code":66958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68106,68107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68108,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68110,8961],{"class":50},[44,68112,120],{"class":58},[44,68114,54577],{"class":123},[44,68116,127],{"class":58},[44,68118,36467],{"class":123},[44,68120,66],{"class":58},[44,68122,30126],{"class":123},[44,68124,133],{"class":58},[20,68126,68127],{},"Not:",[35,68129,68131],{"className":37,"code":68130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68132,68133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68136,8961],{"class":50},[44,68138,120],{"class":58},[44,68140,54577],{"class":123},[44,68142,127],{"class":58},[44,68144,23928],{"class":123},[44,68146,66],{"class":58},[44,68148,36442],{"class":123},[44,68150,133],{"class":58},[20,68152,295],{},[35,68154,68155],{"className":37,"code":67000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68156,68157,68181,68203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68158,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68160,36712],{"class":50},[44,68162,55],{"class":54},[44,68164,1954],{"class":58},[44,68166,633],{"class":583},[44,68168,176],{"class":587},[44,68170,633],{"class":583},[44,68172,66],{"class":58},[44,68174,643],{"class":583},[44,68176,431],{"class":587},[44,68178,633],{"class":583},[44,68180,1967],{"class":58},[44,68182,68183,68185,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68184,36765],{"class":50},[44,68186,120],{"class":58},[44,68188,54577],{"class":123},[44,68190,127],{"class":58},[44,68192,63],{"class":62},[44,68194,66],{"class":58},[44,68196,643],{"class":583},[44,68198,130],{"class":587},[44,68200,633],{"class":583},[44,68202,133],{"class":58},[44,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68206,140],{"class":139},[44,68208,127],{"class":58},[44,68210,36765],{"class":123},[44,68212,133],{"class":58},[20,68214,150],{},[35,68216,68217],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68218,68219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68220,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68222,4521],{"class":58},[44,68224,590],{"class":583},[44,68226,176],{"class":587},[44,68228,590],{"class":583},[44,68230,66],{"class":58},[44,68232,584],{"class":583},[44,68234,130],{"class":587},[44,68236,590],{"class":583},[44,68238,66],{"class":58},[44,68240,584],{"class":583},[44,68242,431],{"class":587},[44,68244,590],{"class":583},[44,68246,1967],{"class":58},[1044,68248,9075,68250,68252],{"id":68249},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68251,54894],{}," to replace an item",[20,68254,68255,68257],{},[15,68256,54894],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,68259,68261],{"className":37,"code":68260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68262,68263,68283,68301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68264,68265,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68266,884],{"class":50},[44,68268,55],{"class":54},[44,68270,1954],{"class":58},[44,68272,63],{"class":62},[44,68274,66],{"class":58},[44,68276,69],{"class":62},[44,68278,66],{"class":58},[44,68280,74],{"class":62},[44,68282,1967],{"class":58},[44,68284,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68286,4268],{"class":50},[44,68288,120],{"class":58},[44,68290,54577],{"class":123},[44,68292,127],{"class":58},[44,68294,63],{"class":62},[44,68296,66],{"class":58},[44,68298,10817],{"class":62},[44,68300,133],{"class":58},[44,68302,68303,68305,68307,68309],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68304,140],{"class":139},[44,68306,127],{"class":58},[44,68308,4268],{"class":123},[44,68310,133],{"class":58},[20,68312,150],{},[35,68314,68316],{"className":37,"code":68315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68317,68318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68321,4521],{"class":58},[44,68323,63],{"class":62},[44,68325,66],{"class":58},[44,68327,10817],{"class":62},[44,68329,66],{"class":58},[44,68331,69],{"class":62},[44,68333,66],{"class":58},[44,68335,74],{"class":62},[44,68337,1967],{"class":58},[20,68339,68340],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,68342,68344],{"className":37,"code":68343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68345,68346,68366,68380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68347,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68349,884],{"class":50},[44,68351,55],{"class":54},[44,68353,1954],{"class":58},[44,68355,63],{"class":62},[44,68357,66],{"class":58},[44,68359,69],{"class":62},[44,68361,66],{"class":58},[44,68363,74],{"class":62},[44,68365,1967],{"class":58},[44,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68369,4268],{"class":50},[44,68371,4521],{"class":58},[44,68373,63],{"class":62},[44,68375,13890],{"class":58},[44,68377,13893],{"class":54},[44,68379,14748],{"class":62},[44,68381,68382,68384,68386,68388],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68383,140],{"class":139},[44,68385,127],{"class":58},[44,68387,4268],{"class":123},[44,68389,133],{"class":58},[20,68391,150],{},[35,68393,68395],{"className":37,"code":68394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68396,68397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68398,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68400,4521],{"class":58},[44,68402,63],{"class":62},[44,68404,66],{"class":58},[44,68406,10817],{"class":62},[44,68408,66],{"class":58},[44,68410,74],{"class":62},[44,68412,1967],{"class":58},[1044,68414,68416],{"id":68415},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68418,68419,68421],{},[15,68420,54894],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68423,68424],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,68426,68428],{"className":37,"code":68427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68429,68430,68446,68470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68431,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68433,884],{"class":50},[44,68435,55],{"class":54},[44,68437,1954],{"class":58},[44,68439,63],{"class":62},[44,68441,66],{"class":58},[44,68443,79],{"class":62},[44,68445,1967],{"class":58},[44,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68449,4268],{"class":50},[44,68451,120],{"class":58},[44,68453,54577],{"class":123},[44,68455,127],{"class":58},[44,68457,63],{"class":62},[44,68459,66],{"class":58},[44,68461,1954],{"class":58},[44,68463,339],{"class":62},[44,68465,66],{"class":58},[44,68467,74],{"class":62},[44,68469,4509],{"class":58},[44,68471,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68473,140],{"class":139},[44,68475,127],{"class":58},[44,68477,4268],{"class":123},[44,68479,133],{"class":58},[20,68481,150],{},[35,68483,68485],{"className":37,"code":68484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68486,68487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68488,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68490,4521],{"class":58},[44,68492,63],{"class":62},[44,68494,66],{"class":58},[44,68496,1954],{"class":58},[44,68498,339],{"class":62},[44,68500,66],{"class":58},[44,68502,74],{"class":62},[44,68504,18680],{"class":58},[44,68506,79],{"class":62},[44,68508,1967],{"class":58},[20,68510,68511,68512,120],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[176,68513,56145,68514,2544],{"href":53970},[15,68515,54072],{},[1044,68517,68519],{"id":68518},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68521,9497,68522,68524],{},[15,68523,54894],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,68526,68528],{"className":37,"code":68527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68529,68530,68540,68554,68572,68586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68531,68532,68534,68536,68538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68533,140],{"class":139},[44,68535,127],{"class":58},[44,68537,8961],{"class":123},[44,68539,133],{"class":58},[44,68541,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68543,140],{"class":139},[44,68545,127],{"class":58},[44,68547,2441],{"class":139},[44,68549,127],{"class":58},[44,68551,8961],{"class":123},[44,68553,556],{"class":58},[44,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68557,140],{"class":139},[44,68559,127],{"class":58},[44,68561,8961],{"class":123},[44,68563,120],{"class":58},[44,68565,54577],{"class":25368},[44,68567,120],{"class":58},[44,68569,35065],{"class":35072},[44,68571,133],{"class":58},[44,68573,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,68575,32772],{"class":139},[44,68577,127],{"class":58},[44,68579,8715],{"class":548},[44,68581,120],{"class":58},[44,68583,54577],{"class":25368},[44,68585,133],{"class":58},[44,68587,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,68589,549],{"class":548},[44,68591,127],{"class":58},[44,68593,8961],{"class":123},[44,68595,133],{"class":58},[20,68597,68598],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[205,68600,68601,68604,68607,68610],{},[208,68602,68603],{},"What is currently in the list",[208,68605,68606],{},"How long the list is",[208,68608,68609],{},"That you are working with a real list",[208,68611,68612],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,68614,5578,68616],{"id":68615},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68617,54894],{},[20,68619,1296,68620,68622],{},[15,68621,54894],{}," when position matters.",[20,68624,37048],{},[205,68626,68627,68630,68633,68636],{},[208,68628,68629],{},"Ordered menus",[208,68631,68632],{},"Rankings or score lists",[208,68634,68635],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[208,68637,68638],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68640,68641,68642,68644,68645,68647,68648,68650],{},"You usually do ",[197,68643,199],{}," need ",[15,68646,54894],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68649,53278],{}," is simpler.",[20,68652,68653,68654,120],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[176,68655,57779],{"href":57778},[30,68657,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,68659,2482,68661,56094],{"id":68660},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68662,54537],{},[20,68664,68665,68666,120],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68667,4398],{},[1044,68669,68671],{"id":68670},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68673,68674],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1044,68676,5788,68678,68680],{"id":68677},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68679,54537],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68682,68683,68684,68686],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68685,54072],{}," or slicing.",[1044,68688,2492,68690,2495,68692,1447],{"id":68689},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68691,54894],{},[15,68693,53278],{},[20,68695,68696,68698,68699,68701],{},[15,68697,54894],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68700,53278],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,68703,2528],{"id":2527},[205,68705,68706,68712,68718,68722,68726,68730],{},[208,68707,68708],{},[176,68709,56145,68710,2544],{"href":57394},[15,68711,53278],{},[208,68713,68714],{},[176,68715,56145,68716,2544],{"href":53970},[15,68717,54072],{},[208,68719,68720],{},[176,68721,54904],{"href":53674},[208,68723,68724],{},[176,68725,53397],{"href":51604},[208,68727,68728],{},[176,68729,57853],{"href":57778},[208,68731,68732],{},[176,68733,30966,68734,34252],{"href":54922},[15,68735,68736],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2554,68738,68739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":68741},[68742,68744,68745,68746,68752,68759,68768,68770,68779],{"id":66927,"depth":85,"text":68743},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049},{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":67299,"depth":85,"text":67300,"children":68747},[68748,68749,68750,68751],{"id":67311,"depth":109,"text":67312},{"id":67402,"depth":109,"text":67403},{"id":67488,"depth":109,"text":67489},{"id":67574,"depth":109,"text":67575},{"id":67704,"depth":85,"text":68753,"children":68754},"insert() vs append()",[68755,68757],{"id":67714,"depth":109,"text":68756},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67727,"depth":109,"text":68758},"Use append() when:",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":68760},[68761,68763,68764,68766,68767],{"id":67928,"depth":109,"text":68762},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68098,"depth":109,"text":68099},{"id":68249,"depth":109,"text":68765},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68415,"depth":109,"text":68416},{"id":68518,"depth":109,"text":68519},{"id":68615,"depth":85,"text":68769},"When to use insert()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":68771},[68772,68774,68775,68777],{"id":68660,"depth":109,"text":68773},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68670,"depth":109,"text":68671},{"id":68677,"depth":109,"text":68776},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68689,"depth":109,"text":68778},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66837,"description":68780},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68787,"title":68788,"body":68789,"description":70344,"extension":2593,"meta":70345,"navigation":364,"path":59595,"seo":70346,"stem":70347,"__hash__":70348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68790,"toc":70317},[68791,68797,68806,68855,68857,68865,68871,68873,68891,68897,68902,68905,68908,68923,68925,68977,68979,68987,68995,69002,69004,69010,69075,69077,69085,69087,69106,69109,69160,69164,69169,69196,69198,69206,69209,69278,69280,69295,69301,69305,69314,69317,69372,69374,69382,69385,69387,69432,69434,69442,69448,69450,69458,69461,69463,69502,69504,69543,69548,69550,69552,69587,69590,69592,69630,69634,69640,69642,69693,69695,69703,69710,69713,69734,69737,69792,69803,69805,69866,69868,69877,69884,69890,69893,69896,69953,69956,69969,69976,69982,69988,69990,70003,70006,70103,70105,70122,70125,70207,70209,70231,70238,70244,70246,70250,70256,70262,70267,70271,70274,70280,70287,70289,70314],[10,68792,68794,68795,4281],{"id":68793},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68796,2441],{},[20,68798,68799,68800,68802,68803,68805],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68801,42984],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68804,42984],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,68807,68809],{"className":37,"code":68808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68810,68811,68831,68845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68812,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68814,884],{"class":50},[44,68816,55],{"class":54},[44,68818,1954],{"class":58},[44,68820,2958],{"class":62},[44,68822,66],{"class":58},[44,68824,8410],{"class":62},[44,68826,66],{"class":58},[44,68828,8415],{"class":62},[44,68830,1967],{"class":58},[44,68832,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68834,41864],{"class":50},[44,68836,55],{"class":54},[44,68838,39008],{"class":139},[44,68840,127],{"class":58},[44,68842,4268],{"class":123},[44,68844,133],{"class":58},[44,68846,68847,68849,68851,68853],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,68848,140],{"class":139},[44,68850,127],{"class":58},[44,68852,41882],{"class":123},[44,68854,133],{"class":58},[20,68856,150],{},[35,68858,68859],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68860,68861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68862,68863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68864,47240],{"class":62},[20,68866,1296,68867,68870],{},[15,68868,68869],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,68872,15781],{"id":15780},[205,68874,68875,68880,68885,68888],{},[208,68876,4819,68877,68879],{},[15,68878,42984],{}," works with Python lists",[208,68881,68882,68883,12321],{},"What value ",[15,68884,42984],{},[208,68886,68887],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[208,68889,68890],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,68892,186,68894,68896],{"id":68893},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68895,42984],{}," returns for a list",[20,68898,68899,65709],{},[15,68900,68901],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68903,68904],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68906,68907],{},"A few important points:",[205,68909,68910,68913,68918],{},[208,68911,68912],{},"It counts list items",[208,68914,1801,68915,68917],{},[197,68916,199],{}," count characters inside a string item",[208,68919,68920,68921],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68922,2748],{},[20,68924,295],{},[35,68926,68928],{"className":37,"code":68927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68929,68930,68963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68931,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68933,4692],{"class":50},[44,68935,55],{"class":54},[44,68937,1954],{"class":58},[44,68939,633],{"class":583},[44,68941,2122],{"class":587},[44,68943,633],{"class":583},[44,68945,66],{"class":58},[44,68947,643],{"class":583},[44,68949,68950],{"class":587},"elephant",[44,68952,633],{"class":583},[44,68954,66],{"class":58},[44,68956,643],{"class":583},[44,68958,2131],{"class":587},[44,68960,633],{"class":583},[44,68962,1967],{"class":58},[44,68964,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,68966,140],{"class":139},[44,68968,127],{"class":58},[44,68970,2441],{"class":139},[44,68972,127],{"class":58},[44,68974,4734],{"class":123},[44,68976,556],{"class":58},[20,68978,150],{},[35,68980,68981],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68982,68983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68984,68985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68986,47240],{"class":62},[20,68988,21596,68989,68992,68993,65716],{},[15,68990,68991],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[197,68994,53282],{},[20,68996,68997,68998,120],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[176,68999,4197,69000,4130],{"href":42981},[15,69001,42984],{},[30,69003,6405],{"id":6404},[20,69005,69006,69007,69009],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,69008,42984],{},", and print the result.",[35,69011,69013],{"className":37,"code":69012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,69014,69015,69047,69061,69065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69016,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69018,13692],{"class":50},[44,69020,55],{"class":54},[44,69022,1954],{"class":58},[44,69024,633],{"class":583},[44,69026,13709],{"class":587},[44,69028,633],{"class":583},[44,69030,66],{"class":58},[44,69032,643],{"class":583},[44,69034,18073],{"class":587},[44,69036,633],{"class":583},[44,69038,66],{"class":58},[44,69040,643],{"class":583},[44,69042,13726],{"class":587},[44,69044,633],{"class":583},[44,69046,1967],{"class":58},[44,69048,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69050,41864],{"class":50},[44,69052,55],{"class":54},[44,69054,39008],{"class":139},[44,69056,127],{"class":58},[44,69058,18120],{"class":123},[44,69060,133],{"class":58},[44,69062,69063],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,69064,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,69068,140],{"class":139},[44,69070,127],{"class":58},[44,69072,41882],{"class":123},[44,69074,133],{"class":58},[20,69076,150],{},[35,69078,69079],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69080,69081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69082,69083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69084,47240],{"class":62},[20,69086,832],{},[205,69088,69089,69094,69101],{},[208,69090,69091,69093],{},[15,69092,18120],{}," is a list with 3 items",[208,69095,69096,3025,69099],{},[15,69097,69098],{},"len(colors)",[15,69100,95],{},[208,69102,69103,69104],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,69105,41882],{},[20,69107,69108],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,69110,69112],{"className":37,"code":69111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,69113,69114,69146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69115,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69117,13692],{"class":50},[44,69119,55],{"class":54},[44,69121,1954],{"class":58},[44,69123,633],{"class":583},[44,69125,13709],{"class":587},[44,69127,633],{"class":583},[44,69129,66],{"class":58},[44,69131,643],{"class":583},[44,69133,18073],{"class":587},[44,69135,633],{"class":583},[44,69137,66],{"class":58},[44,69139,643],{"class":583},[44,69141,13726],{"class":587},[44,69143,633],{"class":583},[44,69145,1967],{"class":58},[44,69147,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69149,140],{"class":139},[44,69151,127],{"class":58},[44,69153,2441],{"class":139},[44,69155,127],{"class":58},[44,69157,18120],{"class":123},[44,69159,556],{"class":58},[30,69161,69163],{"id":69162},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69165,69166,69167,120],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69168,2748],{},[35,69170,69172],{"className":37,"code":69171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69173,69174,69182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69175,69176,69178,69180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69177,8399],{"class":50},[44,69179,55],{"class":54},[44,69181,8459],{"class":58},[44,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69185,140],{"class":139},[44,69187,127],{"class":58},[44,69189,2441],{"class":139},[44,69191,127],{"class":58},[44,69193,8430],{"class":123},[44,69195,556],{"class":58},[20,69197,150],{},[35,69199,69200],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69201,69202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69203,69204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69205,47875],{"class":62},[20,69207,69208],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,69210,69212],{"className":37,"code":69211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69213,69214,69222,69226,69244,69258,69264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69215,69216,69218,69220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69217,8399],{"class":50},[44,69219,55],{"class":54},[44,69221,8459],{"class":58},[44,69223,69224],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69225,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,69227,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,69229,7615],{"class":4496},[44,69231,39008],{"class":139},[44,69233,127],{"class":58},[44,69235,8430],{"class":123},[44,69237,4281],{"class":58},[44,69239,39018],{"class":54},[44,69241,4452],{"class":62},[44,69243,7011],{"class":58},[44,69245,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,69247,8690],{"class":139},[44,69249,127],{"class":58},[44,69251,8430],{"class":123},[44,69253,4521],{"class":58},[44,69255,2748],{"class":62},[44,69257,4509],{"class":58},[44,69259,69260,69262],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,69261,28053],{"class":4496},[44,69263,7011],{"class":58},[44,69265,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,69267,8690],{"class":139},[44,69269,127],{"class":58},[44,69271,633],{"class":583},[44,69273,52441],{"class":587},[44,69275,633],{"class":583},[44,69277,133],{"class":58},[20,69279,150],{},[35,69281,69283],{"className":37,"code":69282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,69284,69285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69288,192],{"class":50},[44,69290,8715],{"class":548},[44,69292,8718],{"class":54},[44,69294,8724],{"class":50},[20,69296,69297,69298,69300],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[176,69299,53397],{"href":51604}," is a good next step.",[30,69302,69304],{"id":69303},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69306,69307,69309,69310,69313],{},[15,69308,42984],{}," counts only the ",[197,69311,69312],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69315,69316],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,69318,69320],{"className":37,"code":69319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69321,69322,69358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69325,9788],{"class":50},[44,69327,55],{"class":54},[44,69329,56919],{"class":58},[44,69331,63],{"class":62},[44,69333,66],{"class":58},[44,69335,69],{"class":62},[44,69337,18680],{"class":58},[44,69339,1954],{"class":58},[44,69341,95],{"class":62},[44,69343,66],{"class":58},[44,69345,79],{"class":62},[44,69347,18680],{"class":58},[44,69349,1954],{"class":58},[44,69351,357],{"class":62},[44,69353,66],{"class":58},[44,69355,911],{"class":62},[44,69357,53868],{"class":58},[44,69359,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69361,140],{"class":139},[44,69363,127],{"class":58},[44,69365,2441],{"class":139},[44,69367,127],{"class":58},[44,69369,9827],{"class":123},[44,69371,556],{"class":58},[20,69373,150],{},[35,69375,69376],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69377,69378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69379,69380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69381,47240],{"class":62},[20,69383,69384],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69386,52705],{},[35,69388,69390],{"className":37,"code":69389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69391,69392,69418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69393,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69395,60095],{"class":50},[44,69397,55],{"class":54},[44,69399,1954],{"class":58},[44,69401,63],{"class":62},[44,69403,66],{"class":58},[44,69405,1954],{"class":58},[44,69407,339],{"class":62},[44,69409,66],{"class":58},[44,69411,74],{"class":62},[44,69413,18680],{"class":58},[44,69415,79],{"class":62},[44,69417,1967],{"class":58},[44,69419,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69421,140],{"class":139},[44,69423,127],{"class":58},[44,69425,2441],{"class":139},[44,69427,127],{"class":58},[44,69429,60148],{"class":123},[44,69431,556],{"class":58},[20,69433,150],{},[35,69435,69436],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69437,69438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69439,69440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69441,47240],{"class":62},[20,69443,21596,69444,69447],{},[15,69445,69446],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,69449,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,69451,863,69453,11711,69456],{"id":69452},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69454,69455],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69457,68901],{},[20,69459,69460],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69462,17262],{},[35,69464,69466],{"className":37,"code":69465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69467,69468,69488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69469,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69471,884],{"class":50},[44,69473,55],{"class":54},[44,69475,1954],{"class":58},[44,69477,2958],{"class":62},[44,69479,66],{"class":58},[44,69481,8410],{"class":62},[44,69483,66],{"class":58},[44,69485,8415],{"class":62},[44,69487,1967],{"class":58},[44,69489,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69491,140],{"class":139},[44,69493,127],{"class":58},[44,69495,4268],{"class":123},[44,69497,120],{"class":58},[44,69499,2441],{"class":123},[44,69501,7812],{"class":58},[20,69503,17274],{},[35,69505,69507],{"className":37,"code":69506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69508,69509,69529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69510,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69512,884],{"class":50},[44,69514,55],{"class":54},[44,69516,1954],{"class":58},[44,69518,2958],{"class":62},[44,69520,66],{"class":58},[44,69522,8410],{"class":62},[44,69524,66],{"class":58},[44,69526,8415],{"class":62},[44,69528,1967],{"class":58},[44,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69532,140],{"class":139},[44,69534,127],{"class":58},[44,69536,2441],{"class":139},[44,69538,127],{"class":58},[44,69540,4268],{"class":123},[44,69542,556],{"class":58},[20,69544,69545,69547],{},[15,69546,42984],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1044,69549,26306],{"id":26305},[20,69551,17262],{},[35,69553,69555],{"className":37,"code":69554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69556,69557,69577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69560,884],{"class":50},[44,69562,55],{"class":54},[44,69564,1954],{"class":58},[44,69566,2958],{"class":62},[44,69568,66],{"class":58},[44,69570,8410],{"class":62},[44,69572,66],{"class":58},[44,69574,8415],{"class":62},[44,69576,1967],{"class":58},[44,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69580,140],{"class":139},[44,69582,127],{"class":58},[44,69584,2441],{"class":139},[44,69586,133],{"class":58},[20,69588,69589],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69591,17274],{},[35,69593,69594],{"className":37,"code":69506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69595,69596,69616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69597,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69599,884],{"class":50},[44,69601,55],{"class":54},[44,69603,1954],{"class":58},[44,69605,2958],{"class":62},[44,69607,66],{"class":58},[44,69609,8410],{"class":62},[44,69611,66],{"class":58},[44,69613,8415],{"class":62},[44,69615,1967],{"class":58},[44,69617,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69619,140],{"class":139},[44,69621,127],{"class":58},[44,69623,2441],{"class":139},[44,69625,127],{"class":58},[44,69627,4268],{"class":123},[44,69629,556],{"class":58},[1044,69631,69633],{"id":69632},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69635,69636,69637,69639],{},"The length of a list is ",[197,69638,199],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69641,295],{},[35,69643,69645],{"className":37,"code":69644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69646,69647,69679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69648,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69650,36712],{"class":50},[44,69652,55],{"class":54},[44,69654,1954],{"class":58},[44,69656,633],{"class":583},[44,69658,176],{"class":587},[44,69660,633],{"class":583},[44,69662,66],{"class":58},[44,69664,643],{"class":583},[44,69666,130],{"class":587},[44,69668,633],{"class":583},[44,69670,66],{"class":58},[44,69672,643],{"class":583},[44,69674,431],{"class":587},[44,69676,633],{"class":583},[44,69678,1967],{"class":58},[44,69680,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69682,140],{"class":139},[44,69684,127],{"class":58},[44,69686,2441],{"class":139},[44,69688,127],{"class":58},[44,69690,36765],{"class":123},[44,69692,556],{"class":58},[20,69694,150],{},[35,69696,69697],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69698,69699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69700,69701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69702,47240],{"class":62},[20,69704,69705,69706,600,69708,120],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69707,339],{},[15,69709,95],{},[20,69711,69712],{},"Indexes are:",[205,69714,69715,69722,69728],{},[208,69716,69717,69719,69720],{},[15,69718,2748],{}," for ",[15,69721,18714],{},[208,69723,69724,69719,69726],{},[15,69725,63],{},[15,69727,66219],{},[208,69729,69730,69719,69732],{},[15,69731,339],{},[15,69733,67105],{},[20,69735,69736],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,69738,69740],{"className":37,"code":69739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69741,69742,69774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69743,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69745,36712],{"class":50},[44,69747,55],{"class":54},[44,69749,1954],{"class":58},[44,69751,633],{"class":583},[44,69753,176],{"class":587},[44,69755,633],{"class":583},[44,69757,66],{"class":58},[44,69759,643],{"class":583},[44,69761,130],{"class":587},[44,69763,633],{"class":583},[44,69765,66],{"class":58},[44,69767,643],{"class":583},[44,69769,431],{"class":587},[44,69771,633],{"class":583},[44,69773,1967],{"class":58},[44,69775,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69777,140],{"class":139},[44,69779,127],{"class":58},[44,69781,36765],{"class":123},[44,69783,4521],{"class":58},[44,69785,2441],{"class":139},[44,69787,127],{"class":58},[44,69789,36765],{"class":123},[44,69791,11298],{"class":58},[20,69793,9118,69794,5400,69797,69799,69800,69802],{},[15,69795,69796],{},"len(letters)",[15,69798,95],{},", and index ",[15,69801,95],{}," does not exist.",[20,69804,19459],{},[35,69806,69808],{"className":37,"code":69807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69809,69810,69842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69811,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69813,36712],{"class":50},[44,69815,55],{"class":54},[44,69817,1954],{"class":58},[44,69819,633],{"class":583},[44,69821,176],{"class":587},[44,69823,633],{"class":583},[44,69825,66],{"class":58},[44,69827,643],{"class":583},[44,69829,130],{"class":587},[44,69831,633],{"class":583},[44,69833,66],{"class":58},[44,69835,643],{"class":583},[44,69837,431],{"class":587},[44,69839,633],{"class":583},[44,69841,1967],{"class":58},[44,69843,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69845,140],{"class":139},[44,69847,127],{"class":58},[44,69849,36765],{"class":123},[44,69851,4521],{"class":58},[44,69853,2441],{"class":139},[44,69855,127],{"class":58},[44,69857,36765],{"class":123},[44,69859,4281],{"class":58},[44,69861,2850],{"class":54},[44,69863,2212],{"class":62},[44,69865,4509],{"class":58},[20,69867,150],{},[35,69869,69871],{"className":37,"code":69870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,69872,69873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69874,69875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69876,69870],{"class":50},[20,69878,69879,69880,120],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[176,69881,69883],{"href":69882},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1044,69885,863,69887,69889],{"id":69886},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69888,42984],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69891,69892],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69894,69895],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,69897,69899],{"className":37,"code":69898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69900,69901,69911,69925,69939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69902,69903,69905,69907,69909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69904,140],{"class":139},[44,69906,127],{"class":58},[44,69908,8961],{"class":123},[44,69910,133],{"class":58},[44,69912,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,69914,140],{"class":139},[44,69916,127],{"class":58},[44,69918,2441],{"class":139},[44,69920,127],{"class":58},[44,69922,8961],{"class":123},[44,69924,556],{"class":58},[44,69926,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,69928,140],{"class":139},[44,69930,127],{"class":58},[44,69932,549],{"class":548},[44,69934,127],{"class":58},[44,69936,8961],{"class":123},[44,69938,556],{"class":58},[44,69940,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,69942,140],{"class":139},[44,69944,127],{"class":58},[44,69946,8961],{"class":123},[44,69948,4521],{"class":58},[44,69950,2748],{"class":62},[44,69952,4509],{"class":58},[20,69954,69955],{},"These help you verify:",[205,69957,69958,69961,69963,69966],{},[208,69959,69960],{},"what the variable contains",[208,69962,61407],{},[208,69964,69965],{},"whether it is really a list",[208,69967,69968],{},"what the first item is",[20,69970,69971,69972,69975],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69973,69974],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69977,5578,69979,69981],{"id":69978},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69980,42984],{}," with lists",[20,69983,69984,69985,69987],{},"You will often use ",[15,69986,42984],{}," in real programs.",[20,69989,9995],{},[205,69991,69992,69994,69997,70000],{},[208,69993,52395],{},[208,69995,69996],{},"Control loops",[208,69998,69999],{},"Validate input or results",[208,70001,70002],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,70004,70005],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,70007,70009],{"className":37,"code":70008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,70010,70011,70031,70047,70051,70065,70079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70012,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70014,51],{"class":50},[44,70016,55],{"class":54},[44,70018,1954],{"class":58},[44,70020,63],{"class":62},[44,70022,66],{"class":58},[44,70024,69],{"class":62},[44,70026,66],{"class":58},[44,70028,74],{"class":62},[44,70030,1967],{"class":58},[44,70032,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70034,88],{"class":50},[44,70036,55],{"class":54},[44,70038,1954],{"class":58},[44,70040,2958],{"class":62},[44,70042,66],{"class":58},[44,70044,8410],{"class":62},[44,70046,1967],{"class":58},[44,70048,70049],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70050,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70052,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70054,140],{"class":139},[44,70056,127],{"class":58},[44,70058,2441],{"class":139},[44,70060,127],{"class":58},[44,70062,176],{"class":123},[44,70064,556],{"class":58},[44,70066,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,70068,140],{"class":139},[44,70070,127],{"class":58},[44,70072,2441],{"class":139},[44,70074,127],{"class":58},[44,70076,130],{"class":123},[44,70078,556],{"class":58},[44,70080,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,70082,140],{"class":139},[44,70084,127],{"class":58},[44,70086,2441],{"class":139},[44,70088,127],{"class":58},[44,70090,176],{"class":123},[44,70092,4281],{"class":58},[44,70094,39018],{"class":54},[44,70096,39008],{"class":139},[44,70098,127],{"class":58},[44,70100,130],{"class":123},[44,70102,556],{"class":58},[20,70104,150],{},[35,70106,70108],{"className":37,"code":70107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,70109,70110,70114,70118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70111,70112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70113,47240],{"class":62},[44,70115,70116],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70117,17675],{"class":62},[44,70119,70120],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70121,4601],{"class":4471},[20,70123,70124],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,70126,70128],{"className":37,"code":70127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70129,70130,70162,70166,70188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70131,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70133,5612],{"class":50},[44,70135,55],{"class":54},[44,70137,1954],{"class":58},[44,70139,633],{"class":583},[44,70141,13497],{"class":587},[44,70143,633],{"class":583},[44,70145,66],{"class":58},[44,70147,643],{"class":583},[44,70149,36562],{"class":587},[44,70151,633],{"class":583},[44,70153,66],{"class":58},[44,70155,643],{"class":583},[44,70157,36571],{"class":587},[44,70159,633],{"class":583},[44,70161,1967],{"class":58},[44,70163,70164],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70165,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70167,70168,70170,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70169,6576],{"class":4496},[44,70171,70172],{"class":50}," i ",[44,70174,4503],{"class":4496},[44,70176,54696],{"class":139},[44,70178,127],{"class":58},[44,70180,2441],{"class":139},[44,70182,127],{"class":58},[44,70184,5656],{"class":123},[44,70186,70187],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,70189,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70201,70203,70205],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70191,8690],{"class":139},[44,70193,127],{"class":58},[44,70195,36776],{"class":123},[44,70197,66],{"class":58},[44,70199,70200],{"class":123}," names",[44,70202,4521],{"class":58},[44,70204,36776],{"class":123},[44,70206,4509],{"class":58},[20,70208,150],{},[35,70210,70211],{"className":37,"code":36620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,70212,70213,70219,70225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70214,70215,70217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70216,2748],{"class":62},[44,70218,36629],{"class":50},[44,70220,70221,70223],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70222,63],{"class":62},[44,70224,36636],{"class":50},[44,70226,70227,70229],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70228,339],{"class":62},[44,70230,36643],{"class":50},[20,70232,70233,70234,120],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[176,70235,70237],{"href":70236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70239,70240,70241,70243],{},"You can also read ",[176,70242,52172],{"href":52171}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,70245,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,70247,70249],{"id":70248},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70251,1296,70252,70255],{},[15,70253,70254],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1044,70257,5760,70259,13332],{"id":70258},"what-does-len-return",[15,70260,70261],{},"len([])",[20,70263,5766,70264,70266],{},[15,70265,2748],{}," because the list is empty.",[1044,70268,70270],{"id":70269},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70272,70273],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1044,70275,2509,70277,70279],{"id":70276},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70278,69455],{}," in Python?",[20,70281,30889,70282,8844,70284,70286],{},[15,70283,68901],{},[15,70285,42984],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,70288,2528],{"id":2527},[205,70290,70291,70297,70301,70305,70309],{},[208,70292,70293],{},[176,70294,4197,70295,4130],{"href":42981},[15,70296,42984],{},[208,70298,70299],{},[176,70300,53216],{"href":52171},[208,70302,70303],{},[176,70304,53397],{"href":51604},[208,70306,70307],{},[176,70308,69883],{"href":69882},[208,70310,70311],{},[176,70312,70313],{"href":70236},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2554,70315,70316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":70318},[70319,70320,70322,70323,70324,70325,70333,70335,70343],{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":68893,"depth":85,"text":70321},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":69162,"depth":85,"text":69163},{"id":69303,"depth":85,"text":69304},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":70326},[70327,70329,70330,70331],{"id":69452,"depth":109,"text":70328},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26305,"depth":109,"text":26306},{"id":69632,"depth":109,"text":69633},{"id":69886,"depth":109,"text":70332},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69978,"depth":85,"text":70334},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":70336},[70337,70338,70340,70341],{"id":70248,"depth":109,"text":70249},{"id":70258,"depth":109,"text":70339},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70269,"depth":109,"text":70270},{"id":70276,"depth":109,"text":70342},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68788,"description":70344},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70350,"title":70351,"body":70352,"description":72334,"extension":2593,"meta":72335,"navigation":364,"path":72336,"seo":72337,"stem":72338,"__hash__":72339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70353,"toc":72307},[70354,70357,70362,70365,70373,70386,70388,70453,70455,70477,70482,70486,70491,70499,70501,70511,70513,70594,70596,70626,70628,70647,70652,70669,70671,70755,70757,70787,70792,70796,70802,70886,70888,70918,70921,70925,70928,71019,71021,71059,71062,71147,71149,71179,71185,71192,71196,71201,71210,71212,71297,71299,71328,71331,71339,71343,71347,71356,71379,71381,71403,71405,71419,71421,71481,71485,71490,71529,71531,71548,71550,71560,71659,71664,71668,71673,71716,71718,71746,71748,71762,71837,71839,71861,71865,71868,71873,71884,71889,71897,71900,71971,71973,71998,72055,72057,72078,72087,72095,72100,72102,72107,72128,72131,72206,72209,72223,72230,72232,72236,72242,72246,72256,72260,72267,72271,72277,72279,72304],[10,70355,70351],{"id":70356},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70358,70359,70361],{},[15,70360,55708],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70363,70364],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[205,70366,70367,70370],{},[208,70368,70369],{},"delete an item from a list",[208,70371,70372],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70374,70375,70376,70378,70379,9326,70381,70385],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70377,13379],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70380,13379],{},[176,70382,70383],{"href":55698},[15,70384,56154],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,70387,2634],{"id":2633},[35,70389,70391],{"className":37,"code":70390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70392,70393,70413,70428,70432,70443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70394,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70396,884],{"class":50},[44,70398,55],{"class":54},[44,70400,1954],{"class":58},[44,70402,2958],{"class":62},[44,70404,66],{"class":58},[44,70406,8410],{"class":62},[44,70408,66],{"class":58},[44,70410,8415],{"class":62},[44,70412,1967],{"class":58},[44,70414,70415,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70416,70417],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,70419,55],{"class":54},[44,70421,975],{"class":50},[44,70423,120],{"class":58},[44,70425,26860],{"class":123},[44,70427,571],{"class":58},[44,70429,70430],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70431,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70433,70434,70436,70438,70441],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70435,140],{"class":139},[44,70437,127],{"class":58},[44,70439,70440],{"class":123},"last_item",[44,70442,133],{"class":58},[44,70444,70445,70447,70449,70451],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,70446,140],{"class":139},[44,70448,127],{"class":58},[44,70450,4268],{"class":123},[44,70452,133],{"class":58},[20,70454,150],{},[35,70456,70458],{"className":37,"code":70457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70459,70460,70465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70461,70462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70463,70464],{"class":62},"30\n",[44,70466,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70468,4521],{"class":58},[44,70470,2958],{"class":62},[44,70472,66],{"class":58},[44,70474,8410],{"class":62},[44,70476,1967],{"class":58},[20,70478,1296,70479,70481],{},[15,70480,13379],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,70483,70485],{"id":70484},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70487,70488,70490],{},[15,70489,13379],{}," has two main jobs:",[205,70492,70493,70496],{},[208,70494,70495],{},"It removes one item from a list",[208,70497,70498],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70500,448],{},[205,70502,70503,70506,70509],{},[208,70504,70505],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[208,70507,70508],{},"It changes the original list",[208,70510,53371],{},[20,70512,295],{},[35,70514,70516],{"className":37,"code":70515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70517,70518,70550,70554,70569,70573,70584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70519,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70521,13692],{"class":50},[44,70523,55],{"class":54},[44,70525,1954],{"class":58},[44,70527,633],{"class":583},[44,70529,13709],{"class":587},[44,70531,633],{"class":583},[44,70533,66],{"class":58},[44,70535,643],{"class":583},[44,70537,18073],{"class":587},[44,70539,633],{"class":583},[44,70541,66],{"class":58},[44,70543,643],{"class":583},[44,70545,13726],{"class":587},[44,70547,633],{"class":583},[44,70549,1967],{"class":58},[44,70551,70552],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70553,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70555,70556,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70557,70558],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,70560,55],{"class":54},[44,70562,13740],{"class":50},[44,70564,120],{"class":58},[44,70566,26860],{"class":123},[44,70568,571],{"class":58},[44,70570,70571],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70572,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70574,70575,70577,70579,70582],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,70576,140],{"class":139},[44,70578,127],{"class":58},[44,70580,70581],{"class":123},"removed",[44,70583,133],{"class":58},[44,70585,70586,70588,70590,70592],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,70587,140],{"class":139},[44,70589,127],{"class":58},[44,70591,18120],{"class":123},[44,70593,133],{"class":58},[20,70595,150],{},[35,70597,70599],{"className":37,"code":70598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70600,70601,70606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70602,70603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70604,70605],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,70607,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70609,4521],{"class":58},[44,70611,590],{"class":583},[44,70613,13709],{"class":587},[44,70615,590],{"class":583},[44,70617,66],{"class":58},[44,70619,584],{"class":583},[44,70621,18073],{"class":587},[44,70623,590],{"class":583},[44,70625,1967],{"class":58},[30,70627,234],{"id":233},[35,70629,70631],{"className":37,"code":70630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70632,70633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70636,8715],{"class":548},[44,70638,120],{"class":58},[44,70640,26860],{"class":123},[44,70642,3609],{"class":58},[44,70644,36467],{"class":123},[44,70646,4509],{"class":58},[20,70648,192,70649,70651],{},[15,70650,36467],{}," is optional.",[205,70653,70654,70660,70666],{},[208,70655,70656,70657,70659],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70658,13379],{}," removes the last item",[208,70661,70662,70663,70665],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70664,13379],{}," removes the item at that position",[208,70667,70668],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70670,295],{},[35,70672,70674],{"className":37,"code":70673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70675,70676,70708,70712,70731,70735,70745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70677,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70679,36712],{"class":50},[44,70681,55],{"class":54},[44,70683,1954],{"class":58},[44,70685,633],{"class":583},[44,70687,176],{"class":587},[44,70689,633],{"class":583},[44,70691,66],{"class":58},[44,70693,643],{"class":583},[44,70695,130],{"class":587},[44,70697,633],{"class":583},[44,70699,66],{"class":58},[44,70701,643],{"class":583},[44,70703,431],{"class":587},[44,70705,633],{"class":583},[44,70707,1967],{"class":58},[44,70709,70710],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70711,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70713,70714,70716,70718,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70715,29157],{"class":50},[44,70717,55],{"class":54},[44,70719,70720],{"class":50}," letters",[44,70722,120],{"class":58},[44,70724,26860],{"class":123},[44,70726,127],{"class":58},[44,70728,63],{"class":62},[44,70730,133],{"class":58},[44,70732,70733],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70734,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70736,70737,70739,70741,70743],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,70738,140],{"class":139},[44,70740,127],{"class":58},[44,70742,23928],{"class":123},[44,70744,133],{"class":58},[44,70746,70747,70749,70751,70753],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,70748,140],{"class":139},[44,70750,127],{"class":58},[44,70752,36765],{"class":123},[44,70754,133],{"class":58},[20,70756,150],{},[35,70758,70760],{"className":37,"code":70759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70761,70762,70767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70763,70764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70765,70766],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,70768,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70770,4521],{"class":58},[44,70772,590],{"class":583},[44,70774,176],{"class":587},[44,70776,590],{"class":583},[44,70778,66],{"class":58},[44,70780,584],{"class":583},[44,70782,431],{"class":587},[44,70784,590],{"class":583},[44,70786,1967],{"class":58},[20,70788,70789,70790,120],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[176,70791,53397],{"href":51604},[30,70793,70795],{"id":70794},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70797,70798,70799,70801],{},"When you call ",[15,70800,13379],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,70803,70805],{"className":37,"code":70804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70806,70807,70842,70846,70861,70865,70876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70808,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70820,70822,70824,70826,70829,70831,70833,70835,70838,70840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70810,30517],{"class":50},[44,70812,55],{"class":54},[44,70814,1954],{"class":58},[44,70816,633],{"class":583},[44,70818,70819],{"class":587},"write",[44,70821,633],{"class":583},[44,70823,66],{"class":58},[44,70825,643],{"class":583},[44,70827,70828],{"class":587},"test",[44,70830,633],{"class":583},[44,70832,66],{"class":58},[44,70834,643],{"class":583},[44,70836,70837],{"class":587},"submit",[44,70839,633],{"class":583},[44,70841,1967],{"class":58},[44,70843,70844],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70845,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70847,70848,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70849,70850],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,70852,55],{"class":54},[44,70854,30595],{"class":50},[44,70856,120],{"class":58},[44,70858,26860],{"class":123},[44,70860,571],{"class":58},[44,70862,70863],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70864,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70866,70867,70869,70871,70874],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,70868,140],{"class":139},[44,70870,127],{"class":58},[44,70872,70873],{"class":123},"last_task",[44,70875,133],{"class":58},[44,70877,70878,70880,70882,70884],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,70879,140],{"class":139},[44,70881,127],{"class":58},[44,70883,37128],{"class":123},[44,70885,133],{"class":58},[20,70887,150],{},[35,70889,70891],{"className":37,"code":70890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70892,70893,70898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70894,70895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70896,70897],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,70899,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70901,4521],{"class":58},[44,70903,590],{"class":583},[44,70905,70819],{"class":587},[44,70907,590],{"class":583},[44,70909,66],{"class":58},[44,70911,584],{"class":583},[44,70913,70828],{"class":587},[44,70915,590],{"class":583},[44,70917,1967],{"class":58},[20,70919,70920],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,70922,70924],{"id":70923},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70926,70927],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,70929,70931],{"className":37,"code":70930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70932,70933,70973,70977,70995,70999,71009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70934,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70936,36861],{"class":50},[44,70938,55],{"class":54},[44,70940,1954],{"class":58},[44,70942,633],{"class":583},[44,70944,636],{"class":587},[44,70946,633],{"class":583},[44,70948,66],{"class":58},[44,70950,643],{"class":583},[44,70952,646],{"class":587},[44,70954,633],{"class":583},[44,70956,66],{"class":58},[44,70958,643],{"class":583},[44,70960,4717],{"class":587},[44,70962,633],{"class":583},[44,70964,66],{"class":58},[44,70966,643],{"class":583},[44,70968,655],{"class":587},[44,70970,633],{"class":583},[44,70972,1967],{"class":58},[44,70974,70975],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,70976,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,70978,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,70980,70558],{"class":50},[44,70982,55],{"class":54},[44,70984,53477],{"class":50},[44,70986,120],{"class":58},[44,70988,26860],{"class":123},[44,70990,127],{"class":58},[44,70992,63],{"class":62},[44,70994,133],{"class":58},[44,70996,70997],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,70998,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71000,71001,71003,71005,71007],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71002,140],{"class":139},[44,71004,127],{"class":58},[44,71006,70581],{"class":123},[44,71008,133],{"class":58},[44,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,71012,140],{"class":139},[44,71014,127],{"class":58},[44,71016,36913],{"class":123},[44,71018,133],{"class":58},[20,71020,150],{},[35,71022,71024],{"className":37,"code":71023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,71025,71026,71031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71027,71028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71029,71030],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,71032,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71034,4521],{"class":58},[44,71036,590],{"class":583},[44,71038,636],{"class":587},[44,71040,590],{"class":583},[44,71042,66],{"class":58},[44,71044,584],{"class":583},[44,71046,4717],{"class":587},[44,71048,590],{"class":583},[44,71050,66],{"class":58},[44,71052,584],{"class":583},[44,71054,655],{"class":587},[44,71056,590],{"class":583},[44,71058,1967],{"class":58},[20,71060,71061],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,71063,71065],{"className":37,"code":71064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71066,71067,71099,71103,71123,71127,71137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71068,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71070,36861],{"class":50},[44,71072,55],{"class":54},[44,71074,1954],{"class":58},[44,71076,633],{"class":583},[44,71078,636],{"class":587},[44,71080,633],{"class":583},[44,71082,66],{"class":58},[44,71084,643],{"class":583},[44,71086,646],{"class":587},[44,71088,633],{"class":583},[44,71090,66],{"class":58},[44,71092,643],{"class":583},[44,71094,4717],{"class":587},[44,71096,633],{"class":583},[44,71098,1967],{"class":58},[44,71100,71101],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71102,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71104,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71106,70558],{"class":50},[44,71108,55],{"class":54},[44,71110,53477],{"class":50},[44,71112,120],{"class":58},[44,71114,26860],{"class":123},[44,71116,127],{"class":58},[44,71118,1316],{"class":54},[44,71120,63],{"class":62},[44,71122,133],{"class":58},[44,71124,71125],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71126,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71128,71129,71131,71133,71135],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71130,140],{"class":139},[44,71132,127],{"class":58},[44,71134,70581],{"class":123},[44,71136,133],{"class":58},[44,71138,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,71140,140],{"class":139},[44,71142,127],{"class":58},[44,71144,36913],{"class":123},[44,71146,133],{"class":58},[20,71148,150],{},[35,71150,71152],{"className":37,"code":71151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71153,71154,71159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71155,71156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71157,71158],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,71160,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71162,4521],{"class":58},[44,71164,590],{"class":583},[44,71166,636],{"class":587},[44,71168,590],{"class":583},[44,71170,66],{"class":58},[44,71172,584],{"class":583},[44,71174,646],{"class":587},[44,71176,590],{"class":583},[44,71178,1967],{"class":58},[20,71180,71181,71182,71184],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71183,66478],{}," means the last item.",[20,71186,71187,71188,120],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[176,71189,71190,2544],{"href":59587},[15,71191,65489],{},[30,71193,71195],{"id":71194},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71197,71198,71200],{},[15,71199,13379],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71202,71203,71204,2495,71206,120],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71205,13379],{},[176,71207,71208],{"href":55698},[15,71209,56154],{},[20,71211,295],{},[35,71213,71215],{"className":37,"code":71214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71216,71217,71249,71253,71272,71276,71287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71220,5612],{"class":50},[44,71222,55],{"class":54},[44,71224,1954],{"class":58},[44,71226,633],{"class":583},[44,71228,13497],{"class":587},[44,71230,633],{"class":583},[44,71232,66],{"class":58},[44,71234,643],{"class":583},[44,71236,36562],{"class":587},[44,71238,633],{"class":583},[44,71240,66],{"class":58},[44,71242,643],{"class":583},[44,71244,36571],{"class":587},[44,71246,633],{"class":583},[44,71248,1967],{"class":58},[44,71250,71251],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71252,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71254,71255,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71256,71257],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,71259,55],{"class":54},[44,71261,70200],{"class":50},[44,71263,120],{"class":58},[44,71265,26860],{"class":123},[44,71267,127],{"class":58},[44,71269,2748],{"class":62},[44,71271,133],{"class":58},[44,71273,71274],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71275,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71277,71278,71280,71282,71285],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71279,140],{"class":139},[44,71281,127],{"class":58},[44,71283,71284],{"class":123},"removed_name",[44,71286,133],{"class":58},[44,71288,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,71290,140],{"class":139},[44,71292,127],{"class":58},[44,71294,5656],{"class":123},[44,71296,133],{"class":58},[20,71298,150],{},[35,71300,71302],{"className":37,"code":71301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71303,71304,71308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71305,71306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71307,50664],{"class":50},[44,71309,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71311,4521],{"class":58},[44,71313,590],{"class":583},[44,71315,36562],{"class":587},[44,71317,590],{"class":583},[44,71319,66],{"class":58},[44,71321,584],{"class":583},[44,71323,36571],{"class":587},[44,71325,590],{"class":583},[44,71327,1967],{"class":58},[20,71329,71330],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71332,71333,71334,71336,71337,120],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71335,56154],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71338,4398],{},[30,71340,71342],{"id":71341},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1044,71344,71346],{"id":71345},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71348,71349,71350,71352,71353,120],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71351,13379],{}," raises an ",[15,71354,71355],{},"IndexError",[35,71357,71359],{"className":37,"code":71358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71360,71361,71369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71362,71363,71365,71367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71364,8399],{"class":50},[44,71366,55],{"class":54},[44,71368,8459],{"class":58},[44,71370,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71372,8430],{"class":50},[44,71374,120],{"class":58},[44,71376,26860],{"class":123},[44,71378,571],{"class":58},[20,71380,150],{},[35,71382,71384],{"className":37,"code":71383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71385,71386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71387,71388,71390,71392,71395,71398,71401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71389,71355],{"class":548},[44,71391,1598],{"class":58},[44,71393,71394],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,71396,71397],{"class":4496},"from",[44,71399,71400],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,71402,50510],{"class":548},[20,71404,39884],{},[205,71406,71407,71412],{},[208,71408,71409,71410],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71411,13379],{},[208,71413,71414,71415,2495,71417],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71416,30423],{},[15,71418,30454],{},[20,71420,295],{},[35,71422,71424],{"className":37,"code":71423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71425,71426,71434,71438,71446,71460,71466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71427,71428,71430,71432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71429,8399],{"class":50},[44,71431,55],{"class":54},[44,71433,8459],{"class":58},[44,71435,71436],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71437,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71439,71440,71442,71444],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71441,7615],{"class":4496},[44,71443,6584],{"class":50},[44,71445,7011],{"class":58},[44,71447,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71449,8690],{"class":139},[44,71451,127],{"class":58},[44,71453,8430],{"class":123},[44,71455,120],{"class":58},[44,71457,26860],{"class":123},[44,71459,7812],{"class":58},[44,71461,71462,71464],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71463,28053],{"class":4496},[44,71465,7011],{"class":58},[44,71467,71468,71470,71472,71474,71477,71479],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,71469,8690],{"class":139},[44,71471,127],{"class":58},[44,71473,633],{"class":583},[44,71475,71476],{"class":587},"The list is empty.",[44,71478,633],{"class":583},[44,71480,133],{"class":58},[1044,71482,71484],{"id":71483},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71486,71487,71488,120],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71489,71355],{},[35,71491,71493],{"className":37,"code":71492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71494,71495,71515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71498,884],{"class":50},[44,71500,55],{"class":54},[44,71502,1954],{"class":58},[44,71504,2958],{"class":62},[44,71506,66],{"class":58},[44,71508,8410],{"class":62},[44,71510,66],{"class":58},[44,71512,8415],{"class":62},[44,71514,1967],{"class":58},[44,71516,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71518,4268],{"class":50},[44,71520,120],{"class":58},[44,71522,26860],{"class":123},[44,71524,127],{"class":58},[44,71526,357],{"class":62},[44,71528,133],{"class":58},[20,71530,150],{},[35,71532,71534],{"className":37,"code":71533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71535,71536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71537,71538,71540,71542,71545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71539,71355],{"class":548},[44,71541,1598],{"class":58},[44,71543,71544],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,71546,71547],{"class":139},"range\n",[20,71549,39884],{},[205,71551,71552,71557],{},[208,71553,71554,71555],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71556,42984],{},[208,71558,71559],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,71561,71563],{"className":37,"code":71562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71564,71565,71585,71594,71598,71620,71638,71644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71566,71567,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71568,884],{"class":50},[44,71570,55],{"class":54},[44,71572,1954],{"class":58},[44,71574,2958],{"class":62},[44,71576,66],{"class":58},[44,71578,8410],{"class":62},[44,71580,66],{"class":58},[44,71582,8415],{"class":62},[44,71584,1967],{"class":58},[44,71586,71587,71590,71592],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71588,71589],{"class":50},"index ",[44,71591,55],{"class":54},[44,71593,46212],{"class":62},[44,71595,71596],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71597,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71599,71600,71602,71604,71607,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71601,7615],{"class":4496},[44,71603,4452],{"class":62},[44,71605,71606],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,71608,71609],{"class":50}," index ",[44,71611,576],{"class":54},[44,71613,39008],{"class":139},[44,71615,127],{"class":58},[44,71617,4268],{"class":123},[44,71619,8964],{"class":58},[44,71621,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71623,8690],{"class":139},[44,71625,127],{"class":58},[44,71627,4268],{"class":123},[44,71629,120],{"class":58},[44,71631,26860],{"class":123},[44,71633,127],{"class":58},[44,71635,36467],{"class":123},[44,71637,556],{"class":58},[44,71639,71640,71642],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,71641,28053],{"class":4496},[44,71643,7011],{"class":58},[44,71645,71646,71648,71650,71652,71655,71657],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,71647,8690],{"class":139},[44,71649,127],{"class":58},[44,71651,633],{"class":583},[44,71653,71654],{"class":587},"Index is out of range.",[44,71656,633],{"class":583},[44,71658,133],{"class":58},[20,71660,71661,71662,120],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[176,71663,69883],{"href":69882},[1044,71665,71667],{"id":71666},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71669,71670,71672],{},[15,71671,13379],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,71674,71676],{"className":37,"code":71675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71677,71678,71698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71679,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71681,884],{"class":50},[44,71683,55],{"class":54},[44,71685,1954],{"class":58},[44,71687,2958],{"class":62},[44,71689,66],{"class":58},[44,71691,8410],{"class":62},[44,71693,66],{"class":58},[44,71695,8415],{"class":62},[44,71697,1967],{"class":58},[44,71699,71700,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71701,4268],{"class":50},[44,71703,120],{"class":58},[44,71705,26860],{"class":123},[44,71707,127],{"class":58},[44,71709,633],{"class":583},[44,71711,63],{"class":587},[44,71713,633],{"class":583},[44,71715,133],{"class":58},[20,71717,150],{},[35,71719,71721],{"className":37,"code":71720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71722,71723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71724,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71740,71743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71726,3628],{"class":548},[44,71728,1598],{"class":58},[44,71730,584],{"class":583},[44,71732,4064],{"class":587},[44,71734,590],{"class":583},[44,71736,25235],{"class":548},[44,71738,71739],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,71741,71742],{"class":4496},"as",[44,71744,71745],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,71747,39884],{},[205,71749,71750,71759],{},[208,71751,71752,71753,2817,71755,2821,71757],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71754,2748],{},[15,71756,63],{},[15,71758,66478],{},[208,71760,71761],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,71763,71765],{"className":37,"code":71764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71766,71767,71787,71805,71809,71827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71768,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71770,884],{"class":50},[44,71772,55],{"class":54},[44,71774,1954],{"class":58},[44,71776,2958],{"class":62},[44,71778,66],{"class":58},[44,71780,8410],{"class":62},[44,71782,66],{"class":58},[44,71784,8415],{"class":62},[44,71786,1967],{"class":58},[44,71788,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71790,71589],{"class":50},[44,71792,55],{"class":54},[44,71794,45899],{"class":548},[44,71796,127],{"class":58},[44,71798,633],{"class":583},[44,71800,63],{"class":587},[44,71802,633],{"class":583},[44,71804,133],{"class":58},[44,71806,71807],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71808,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71810,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71812,140],{"class":139},[44,71814,127],{"class":58},[44,71816,4268],{"class":123},[44,71818,120],{"class":58},[44,71820,26860],{"class":123},[44,71822,127],{"class":58},[44,71824,36467],{"class":123},[44,71826,556],{"class":58},[44,71828,71829,71831,71833,71835],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71830,140],{"class":139},[44,71832,127],{"class":58},[44,71834,4268],{"class":123},[44,71836,133],{"class":58},[20,71838,150],{},[35,71840,71842],{"className":37,"code":71841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71843,71844,71849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71845,71846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71847,71848],{"class":62},"20\n",[44,71850,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71852,4521],{"class":58},[44,71854,2958],{"class":62},[44,71856,66],{"class":58},[44,71858,8415],{"class":62},[44,71860,1967],{"class":58},[30,71862,71864],{"id":71863},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71866,71867],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1044,71869,1296,71871,11220],{"id":71870},"use-pop-when",[15,71872,13379],{},[205,71874,71875,71878,71881],{},[208,71876,71877],{},"you want to remove by index",[208,71879,71880],{},"you want the removed item returned",[208,71882,71883],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1044,71885,1296,71887,11220],{"id":71886},"use-remove-when",[15,71888,56154],{},[205,71890,71891,71894],{},[208,71892,71893],{},"you want to remove by value",[208,71895,71896],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71898,71899],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,71901,71903],{"className":37,"code":71902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71904,71905,71929,71933,71951,71961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71906,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71908,884],{"class":50},[44,71910,55],{"class":54},[44,71912,1954],{"class":58},[44,71914,2958],{"class":62},[44,71916,66],{"class":58},[44,71918,8410],{"class":62},[44,71920,66],{"class":58},[44,71922,8415],{"class":62},[44,71924,66],{"class":58},[44,71926,8410],{"class":62},[44,71928,1967],{"class":58},[44,71930,71931],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71932,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,71934,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,71936,70558],{"class":50},[44,71938,55],{"class":54},[44,71940,975],{"class":50},[44,71942,120],{"class":58},[44,71944,26860],{"class":123},[44,71946,127],{"class":58},[44,71948,63],{"class":62},[44,71950,133],{"class":58},[44,71952,71953,71955,71957,71959],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,71954,140],{"class":139},[44,71956,127],{"class":58},[44,71958,70581],{"class":123},[44,71960,133],{"class":58},[44,71962,71963,71965,71967,71969],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,71964,140],{"class":139},[44,71966,127],{"class":58},[44,71968,4268],{"class":123},[44,71970,133],{"class":58},[20,71972,150],{},[35,71974,71976],{"className":37,"code":71975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71977,71978,71982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71979,71980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71981,71848],{"class":62},[44,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,71985,4521],{"class":58},[44,71987,2958],{"class":62},[44,71989,66],{"class":58},[44,71991,8415],{"class":62},[44,71993,66],{"class":58},[44,71995,8410],{"class":62},[44,71997,1967],{"class":58},[35,71999,72001],{"className":37,"code":72000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72002,72003,72027,72031,72045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72004,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72006,884],{"class":50},[44,72008,55],{"class":54},[44,72010,1954],{"class":58},[44,72012,2958],{"class":62},[44,72014,66],{"class":58},[44,72016,8410],{"class":62},[44,72018,66],{"class":58},[44,72020,8415],{"class":62},[44,72022,66],{"class":58},[44,72024,8410],{"class":62},[44,72026,1967],{"class":58},[44,72028,72029],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72030,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72034,4268],{"class":50},[44,72036,120],{"class":58},[44,72038,35414],{"class":123},[44,72040,127],{"class":58},[44,72042,16372],{"class":62},[44,72044,133],{"class":58},[44,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,72048,140],{"class":139},[44,72050,127],{"class":58},[44,72052,4268],{"class":123},[44,72054,133],{"class":58},[20,72056,150],{},[35,72058,72060],{"className":37,"code":72059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72061,72062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72065,4521],{"class":58},[44,72067,2958],{"class":62},[44,72069,66],{"class":58},[44,72071,8415],{"class":62},[44,72073,66],{"class":58},[44,72075,8410],{"class":62},[44,72077,1967],{"class":58},[20,72079,72080,72081,72084,72085,120],{},"In the first example, ",[15,72082,72083],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,72086,63],{},[20,72088,57230,72089,72092,72093,120],{},[15,72090,72091],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,72094,16372],{},[20,72096,72097,72098,120],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[176,72099,55694],{"href":55693},[30,72101,3454],{"id":3453},[20,72103,72104,72105,1598],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,72106,13379],{},[205,72108,72109,72112,72115,72121,72125],{},[208,72110,72111],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[208,72113,72114],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[208,72116,37826,72117,9326,72119],{},[15,72118,13379],{},[15,72120,56154],{},[208,72122,9075,72123,62595],{},[15,72124,13379],{},[208,72126,72127],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72129,72130],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,72132,72134],{"className":37,"code":72133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72135,72136,72146,72160,72174,72192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72137,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72139,140],{"class":139},[44,72141,127],{"class":58},[44,72143,8961],{"class":123},[44,72145,133],{"class":58},[44,72147,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72149,140],{"class":139},[44,72151,127],{"class":58},[44,72153,2441],{"class":139},[44,72155,127],{"class":58},[44,72157,8961],{"class":123},[44,72159,556],{"class":58},[44,72161,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72163,140],{"class":139},[44,72165,127],{"class":58},[44,72167,8961],{"class":123},[44,72169,120],{"class":58},[44,72171,26860],{"class":123},[44,72173,7812],{"class":58},[44,72175,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,72177,140],{"class":139},[44,72179,127],{"class":58},[44,72181,8961],{"class":123},[44,72183,120],{"class":58},[44,72185,26860],{"class":123},[44,72187,127],{"class":58},[44,72189,2748],{"class":62},[44,72191,556],{"class":58},[44,72193,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,72195,140],{"class":139},[44,72197,127],{"class":58},[44,72199,549],{"class":548},[44,72201,127],{"class":58},[44,72203,36467],{"class":123},[44,72205,556],{"class":58},[20,72207,72208],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[205,72210,72211,72217],{},[208,72212,72213,72216],{},[15,72214,72215],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[208,72218,72219,72222],{},[15,72220,72221],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72224,72225,72226,72229],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72227,72228],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,72231,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,72233,72235],{"id":72234},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72237,72238,72239,72241],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72240,13379],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1044,72243,72245],{"id":72244},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72247,72248,72250,72251,72253,72254,120],{},[15,72249,13379],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72252,56154],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72255,4398],{},[1044,72257,72259],{"id":72258},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72261,72262,72263,72266],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72264,72265],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1044,72268,72270],{"id":72269},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72272,72273,72274,72276],{},"Python raises ",[15,72275,71355],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,72278,2528],{"id":2527},[205,72280,72281,72285,72290,72295,72300],{},[208,72282,72283],{},[176,72284,56140],{"href":55693},[208,72286,72287],{},[176,72288,72289],{"href":55698},"Python list remove() method",[208,72291,72292],{},[176,72293,72294],{"href":59587},"Python list index() method",[208,72296,72297],{},[176,72298,72299],{"href":51604},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[208,72301,72302],{},[176,72303,69883],{"href":69882},[2554,72305,72306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":72308},[72309,72310,72311,72312,72313,72314,72315,72320,72326,72327,72333],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":70484,"depth":85,"text":70485},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":70794,"depth":85,"text":70795},{"id":70923,"depth":85,"text":70924},{"id":71194,"depth":85,"text":71195},{"id":71341,"depth":85,"text":71342,"children":72316},[72317,72318,72319],{"id":71345,"depth":109,"text":71346},{"id":71483,"depth":109,"text":71484},{"id":71666,"depth":109,"text":71667},{"id":71863,"depth":85,"text":71864,"children":72321},[72322,72324],{"id":71870,"depth":109,"text":72323},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71886,"depth":109,"text":72325},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":72328},[72329,72330,72331,72332],{"id":72234,"depth":109,"text":72235},{"id":72244,"depth":109,"text":72245},{"id":72258,"depth":109,"text":72259},{"id":72269,"depth":109,"text":72270},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70351,"description":72334},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72341,"title":72342,"body":72343,"description":74129,"extension":2593,"meta":74130,"navigation":364,"path":74131,"seo":74132,"stem":74133,"__hash__":74134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72344,"toc":74111},[72345,72348,72353,72359,72361,72431,72437,72441,72446,72467,72470,72537,72539,72560,72568,72570,72589,72605,72607,72672,72674,72699,72701,72703,72768,72770,72795,72797,72811,72814,72867,72869,72890,72894,72902,72975,72977,73010,73016,73022,73113,73115,73140,73146,73235,73237,73261,73263,73267,73322,73324,73356,73359,73362,73456,73458,73491,73497,73503,73507,73514,73540,73544,73609,73611,73636,73640,73721,73723,73752,73757,73762,73768,73772,73779,73801,73805,73864,73866,73890,73899,73904,73906,73910,73939,73941,74016,74019,74033,74039,74041,74045,74048,74052,74057,74061,74070,74074,74082,74084,74108],[10,72346,72342],{"id":72347},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72349,192,72350,72352],{},[15,72351,55701],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72354,72355,72356,72358],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[197,72357,3100],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,72360,2634],{"id":2633},[35,72362,72364],{"className":37,"code":72363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72365,72366,72398,72416,72426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72367,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72369,8399],{"class":50},[44,72371,55],{"class":54},[44,72373,1954],{"class":58},[44,72375,633],{"class":583},[44,72377,636],{"class":587},[44,72379,633],{"class":583},[44,72381,66],{"class":58},[44,72383,643],{"class":583},[44,72385,646],{"class":587},[44,72387,633],{"class":583},[44,72389,66],{"class":58},[44,72391,643],{"class":583},[44,72393,655],{"class":587},[44,72395,633],{"class":583},[44,72397,1967],{"class":58},[44,72399,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72401,8430],{"class":50},[44,72403,120],{"class":58},[44,72405,35414],{"class":123},[44,72407,127],{"class":58},[44,72409,633],{"class":583},[44,72411,646],{"class":587},[44,72413,633],{"class":583},[44,72415,133],{"class":58},[44,72417,72418,72420,72422,72424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72419,140],{"class":139},[44,72421,127],{"class":58},[44,72423,8430],{"class":123},[44,72425,133],{"class":58},[44,72427,72428],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,72429,72430],{"class":1992},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72432,1296,72433,72436],{},[15,72434,72435],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,72438,72440],{"id":72439},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72442,72443,72445],{},[15,72444,56154],{}," is a list method that:",[205,72447,72448,72454,72459,72464],{},[208,72449,72450,72451,72453],{},"Deletes the ",[197,72452,30528],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[208,72455,72456,72457],{},"Changes the original list ",[197,72458,11951],{},[208,72460,2482,72461,72463],{},[197,72462,199],{}," return a new list",[208,72465,72466],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72468,72469],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,72471,72473],{"className":37,"code":72472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72474,72475,72495,72513,72517,72527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72476,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72478,884],{"class":50},[44,72480,55],{"class":54},[44,72482,1954],{"class":58},[44,72484,63],{"class":62},[44,72486,66],{"class":58},[44,72488,69],{"class":62},[44,72490,66],{"class":58},[44,72492,74],{"class":62},[44,72494,1967],{"class":58},[44,72496,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72498,112],{"class":50},[44,72500,55],{"class":54},[44,72502,975],{"class":50},[44,72504,120],{"class":58},[44,72506,35414],{"class":123},[44,72508,127],{"class":58},[44,72510,339],{"class":62},[44,72512,133],{"class":58},[44,72514,72515],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72516,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,72518,72519,72521,72523,72525],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,72520,140],{"class":139},[44,72522,127],{"class":58},[44,72524,4268],{"class":123},[44,72526,133],{"class":58},[44,72528,72529,72531,72533,72535],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,72530,140],{"class":139},[44,72532,127],{"class":58},[44,72534,145],{"class":123},[44,72536,133],{"class":58},[20,72538,150],{},[35,72540,72542],{"className":37,"code":72541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72543,72544,72556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72547,4521],{"class":58},[44,72549,63],{"class":62},[44,72551,66],{"class":58},[44,72553,74],{"class":62},[44,72555,1967],{"class":58},[44,72557,72558],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72559,12424],{"class":4471},[20,72561,72562,72563,72565,72566,120],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72564,56154],{}," itself returned ",[15,72567,4398],{},[30,72569,6049],{"id":6048},[35,72571,72573],{"className":37,"code":72572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72574,72575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72578,8715],{"class":548},[44,72580,120],{"class":58},[44,72582,35414],{"class":123},[44,72584,127],{"class":58},[44,72586,3100],{"class":123},[44,72588,133],{"class":58},[205,72590,72591,72596,72599],{},[208,72592,72593,72595],{},[15,72594,3100],{}," is the item you want to delete",[208,72597,72598],{},"Python searches from left to right",[208,72600,72601,72602,72604],{},"Only the ",[197,72603,30528],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72606,295],{},[35,72608,72610],{"className":37,"code":72609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72611,72612,72644,72662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72615,36712],{"class":50},[44,72617,55],{"class":54},[44,72619,1954],{"class":58},[44,72621,633],{"class":583},[44,72623,176],{"class":587},[44,72625,633],{"class":583},[44,72627,66],{"class":58},[44,72629,643],{"class":583},[44,72631,130],{"class":587},[44,72633,633],{"class":583},[44,72635,66],{"class":58},[44,72637,643],{"class":583},[44,72639,431],{"class":587},[44,72641,633],{"class":583},[44,72643,1967],{"class":58},[44,72645,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72647,36765],{"class":50},[44,72649,120],{"class":58},[44,72651,35414],{"class":123},[44,72653,127],{"class":58},[44,72655,633],{"class":583},[44,72657,130],{"class":587},[44,72659,633],{"class":583},[44,72661,133],{"class":58},[44,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72665,140],{"class":139},[44,72667,127],{"class":58},[44,72669,36765],{"class":123},[44,72671,133],{"class":58},[20,72673,150],{},[35,72675,72677],{"className":37,"code":72676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72678,72679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72680,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72682,4521],{"class":58},[44,72684,590],{"class":583},[44,72686,176],{"class":587},[44,72688,590],{"class":583},[44,72690,66],{"class":58},[44,72692,584],{"class":583},[44,72694,431],{"class":587},[44,72696,590],{"class":583},[44,72698,1967],{"class":58},[30,72700,6405],{"id":6404},[20,72702,65798],{},[35,72704,72706],{"className":37,"code":72705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72707,72708,72740,72758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72709,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72711,13692],{"class":50},[44,72713,55],{"class":54},[44,72715,1954],{"class":58},[44,72717,633],{"class":583},[44,72719,13709],{"class":587},[44,72721,633],{"class":583},[44,72723,66],{"class":58},[44,72725,643],{"class":583},[44,72727,13726],{"class":587},[44,72729,633],{"class":583},[44,72731,66],{"class":58},[44,72733,643],{"class":583},[44,72735,18073],{"class":587},[44,72737,633],{"class":583},[44,72739,1967],{"class":58},[44,72741,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72743,18120],{"class":50},[44,72745,120],{"class":58},[44,72747,35414],{"class":123},[44,72749,127],{"class":58},[44,72751,633],{"class":583},[44,72753,13726],{"class":587},[44,72755,633],{"class":583},[44,72757,133],{"class":58},[44,72759,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72761,140],{"class":139},[44,72763,127],{"class":58},[44,72765,18120],{"class":123},[44,72767,133],{"class":58},[20,72769,150],{},[35,72771,72773],{"className":37,"code":72772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72774,72775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72776,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72778,4521],{"class":58},[44,72780,590],{"class":583},[44,72782,13709],{"class":587},[44,72784,590],{"class":583},[44,72786,66],{"class":58},[44,72788,584],{"class":583},[44,72790,18073],{"class":587},[44,72792,590],{"class":583},[44,72794,1967],{"class":58},[20,72796,832],{},[205,72798,72799,72802,72808],{},[208,72800,72801],{},"A list is created with three values",[208,72803,72804,72807],{},[15,72805,72806],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[208,72809,72810],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72812,72813],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,72815,72817],{"className":37,"code":72816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72818,72819,72843,72857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72820,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72822,5681],{"class":50},[44,72824,55],{"class":54},[44,72826,1954],{"class":58},[44,72828,2958],{"class":62},[44,72830,66],{"class":58},[44,72832,8410],{"class":62},[44,72834,66],{"class":58},[44,72836,8415],{"class":62},[44,72838,66],{"class":58},[44,72840,51468],{"class":62},[44,72842,1967],{"class":58},[44,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72846,17007],{"class":50},[44,72848,120],{"class":58},[44,72850,35414],{"class":123},[44,72852,127],{"class":58},[44,72854,37464],{"class":62},[44,72856,133],{"class":58},[44,72858,72859,72861,72863,72865],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72860,140],{"class":139},[44,72862,127],{"class":58},[44,72864,17007],{"class":123},[44,72866,133],{"class":58},[20,72868,150],{},[35,72870,72872],{"className":37,"code":72871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72873,72874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72875,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72877,4521],{"class":58},[44,72879,2958],{"class":62},[44,72881,66],{"class":58},[44,72883,8410],{"class":62},[44,72885,66],{"class":58},[44,72887,51468],{"class":62},[44,72889,1967],{"class":58},[30,72891,72893],{"id":72892},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72895,65788,72896,72898,72899,72901],{},[15,72897,56154],{}," deletes only the ",[197,72900,30528],{}," one.",[35,72903,72905],{"className":37,"code":72904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72906,72907,72947,72965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72910,8399],{"class":50},[44,72912,55],{"class":54},[44,72914,1954],{"class":58},[44,72916,633],{"class":583},[44,72918,636],{"class":587},[44,72920,633],{"class":583},[44,72922,66],{"class":58},[44,72924,643],{"class":583},[44,72926,646],{"class":587},[44,72928,633],{"class":583},[44,72930,66],{"class":58},[44,72932,643],{"class":583},[44,72934,636],{"class":587},[44,72936,633],{"class":583},[44,72938,66],{"class":58},[44,72940,643],{"class":583},[44,72942,655],{"class":587},[44,72944,633],{"class":583},[44,72946,1967],{"class":58},[44,72948,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,72950,8430],{"class":50},[44,72952,120],{"class":58},[44,72954,35414],{"class":123},[44,72956,127],{"class":58},[44,72958,633],{"class":583},[44,72960,636],{"class":587},[44,72962,633],{"class":583},[44,72964,133],{"class":58},[44,72966,72967,72969,72971,72973],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,72968,140],{"class":139},[44,72970,127],{"class":58},[44,72972,8430],{"class":123},[44,72974,133],{"class":58},[20,72976,150],{},[35,72978,72980],{"className":37,"code":72979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72981,72982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72983,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72985,4521],{"class":58},[44,72987,590],{"class":583},[44,72989,646],{"class":587},[44,72991,590],{"class":583},[44,72993,66],{"class":58},[44,72995,584],{"class":583},[44,72997,636],{"class":587},[44,72999,590],{"class":583},[44,73001,66],{"class":58},[44,73003,584],{"class":583},[44,73005,655],{"class":587},[44,73007,590],{"class":583},[44,73009,1967],{"class":58},[20,73011,73012,73013,73015],{},"Only the first ",[15,73014,850],{}," was removed.",[20,73017,73018,73019,73021],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,73020,56154],{}," again:",[35,73023,73025],{"className":37,"code":73024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73026,73027,73067,73085,73103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73028,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73030,8399],{"class":50},[44,73032,55],{"class":54},[44,73034,1954],{"class":58},[44,73036,633],{"class":583},[44,73038,636],{"class":587},[44,73040,633],{"class":583},[44,73042,66],{"class":58},[44,73044,643],{"class":583},[44,73046,646],{"class":587},[44,73048,633],{"class":583},[44,73050,66],{"class":58},[44,73052,643],{"class":583},[44,73054,636],{"class":587},[44,73056,633],{"class":583},[44,73058,66],{"class":58},[44,73060,643],{"class":583},[44,73062,655],{"class":587},[44,73064,633],{"class":583},[44,73066,1967],{"class":58},[44,73068,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73070,8430],{"class":50},[44,73072,120],{"class":58},[44,73074,35414],{"class":123},[44,73076,127],{"class":58},[44,73078,633],{"class":583},[44,73080,636],{"class":587},[44,73082,633],{"class":583},[44,73084,133],{"class":58},[44,73086,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73088,8430],{"class":50},[44,73090,120],{"class":58},[44,73092,35414],{"class":123},[44,73094,127],{"class":58},[44,73096,633],{"class":583},[44,73098,636],{"class":587},[44,73100,633],{"class":583},[44,73102,133],{"class":58},[44,73104,73105,73107,73109,73111],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,73106,140],{"class":139},[44,73108,127],{"class":58},[44,73110,8430],{"class":123},[44,73112,133],{"class":58},[20,73114,150],{},[35,73116,73118],{"className":37,"code":73117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73119,73120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73121,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73123,4521],{"class":58},[44,73125,590],{"class":583},[44,73127,646],{"class":587},[44,73129,590],{"class":583},[44,73131,66],{"class":58},[44,73133,584],{"class":583},[44,73135,655],{"class":587},[44,73137,590],{"class":583},[44,73139,1967],{"class":58},[20,73141,73142,73143,73145],{},"If you need to remove ",[197,73144,4335],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,73147,73149],{"className":37,"code":73148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73150,73151,73191,73225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73152,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73154,8399],{"class":50},[44,73156,55],{"class":54},[44,73158,1954],{"class":58},[44,73160,633],{"class":583},[44,73162,636],{"class":587},[44,73164,633],{"class":583},[44,73166,66],{"class":58},[44,73168,643],{"class":583},[44,73170,646],{"class":587},[44,73172,633],{"class":583},[44,73174,66],{"class":58},[44,73176,643],{"class":583},[44,73178,636],{"class":587},[44,73180,633],{"class":583},[44,73182,66],{"class":58},[44,73184,643],{"class":583},[44,73186,655],{"class":587},[44,73188,633],{"class":583},[44,73190,1967],{"class":58},[44,73192,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73210,73212,73214,73217,73219,73221,73223],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73194,8399],{"class":50},[44,73196,55],{"class":54},[44,73198,1954],{"class":58},[44,73200,29157],{"class":50},[44,73202,6576],{"class":4496},[44,73204,6579],{"class":50},[44,73206,4503],{"class":4496},[44,73208,73209],{"class":50}," items ",[44,73211,7615],{"class":4496},[44,73213,6579],{"class":50},[44,73215,73216],{"class":54},"!=",[44,73218,643],{"class":583},[44,73220,636],{"class":587},[44,73222,633],{"class":583},[44,73224,1967],{"class":58},[44,73226,73227,73229,73231,73233],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73228,140],{"class":139},[44,73230,127],{"class":58},[44,73232,8430],{"class":123},[44,73234,133],{"class":58},[20,73236,150],{},[35,73238,73239],{"className":37,"code":73117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73240,73241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73242,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73244,4521],{"class":58},[44,73246,590],{"class":583},[44,73248,646],{"class":587},[44,73250,590],{"class":583},[44,73252,66],{"class":58},[44,73254,584],{"class":583},[44,73256,655],{"class":587},[44,73258,590],{"class":583},[44,73260,1967],{"class":58},[30,73262,66254],{"id":66253},[20,73264,66257,73265,120],{},[15,73266,41327],{},[35,73268,73270],{"className":37,"code":73269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73271,73272,73304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73273,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73275,8399],{"class":50},[44,73277,55],{"class":54},[44,73279,1954],{"class":58},[44,73281,633],{"class":583},[44,73283,636],{"class":587},[44,73285,633],{"class":583},[44,73287,66],{"class":58},[44,73289,643],{"class":583},[44,73291,646],{"class":587},[44,73293,633],{"class":583},[44,73295,66],{"class":58},[44,73297,643],{"class":583},[44,73299,655],{"class":587},[44,73301,633],{"class":583},[44,73303,1967],{"class":58},[44,73305,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73307,8430],{"class":50},[44,73309,120],{"class":58},[44,73311,35414],{"class":123},[44,73313,127],{"class":58},[44,73315,633],{"class":583},[44,73317,689],{"class":587},[44,73319,633],{"class":583},[44,73321,133],{"class":58},[20,73323,150],{},[35,73325,73327],{"className":37,"code":73326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73328,73329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73330,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73332,41327],{"class":548},[44,73334,1598],{"class":58},[44,73336,23177],{"class":548},[44,73338,120],{"class":58},[44,73340,35414],{"class":123},[44,73342,127],{"class":58},[44,73344,2801],{"class":123},[44,73346,17070],{"class":58},[44,73348,4500],{"class":50},[44,73350,199],{"class":54},[44,73352,21792],{"class":54},[44,73354,73355],{"class":548}," list\n",[20,73357,73358],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73360,73361],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,73363,73365],{"className":37,"code":73364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73366,73367,73399,73411,73415,73427,73442,73446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73368,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73370,8399],{"class":50},[44,73372,55],{"class":54},[44,73374,1954],{"class":58},[44,73376,633],{"class":583},[44,73378,636],{"class":587},[44,73380,633],{"class":583},[44,73382,66],{"class":58},[44,73384,643],{"class":583},[44,73386,646],{"class":587},[44,73388,633],{"class":583},[44,73390,66],{"class":58},[44,73392,643],{"class":583},[44,73394,655],{"class":587},[44,73396,633],{"class":583},[44,73398,1967],{"class":58},[44,73400,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73402,3075],{"class":50},[44,73404,55],{"class":54},[44,73406,643],{"class":583},[44,73408,689],{"class":587},[44,73410,3979],{"class":583},[44,73412,73413],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73414,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,73416,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,73418,7615],{"class":4496},[44,73420,22202],{"class":50},[44,73422,4503],{"class":54},[44,73424,6584],{"class":50},[44,73426,7011],{"class":58},[44,73428,73429,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,73430,73431],{"class":50},"    items",[44,73433,120],{"class":58},[44,73435,35414],{"class":123},[44,73437,127],{"class":58},[44,73439,3100],{"class":123},[44,73441,133],{"class":58},[44,73443,73444],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,73445,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,73447,73448,73450,73452,73454],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,73449,140],{"class":139},[44,73451,127],{"class":58},[44,73453,8430],{"class":123},[44,73455,133],{"class":58},[20,73457,150],{},[35,73459,73461],{"className":37,"code":73460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73462,73463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73464,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73466,4521],{"class":58},[44,73468,590],{"class":583},[44,73470,636],{"class":587},[44,73472,590],{"class":583},[44,73474,66],{"class":58},[44,73476,584],{"class":583},[44,73478,646],{"class":587},[44,73480,590],{"class":583},[44,73482,66],{"class":58},[44,73484,584],{"class":583},[44,73486,655],{"class":587},[44,73488,590],{"class":583},[44,73490,1967],{"class":58},[20,73492,73493,73494,73496],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73495,56154],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73498,73499,73500,120],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[176,73501,66463],{"href":73502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,73504,73506],{"id":73505},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73508,73509,2495,73511,73513],{},[15,73510,56154],{},[15,73512,13379],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[205,73515,73516,73523,73529,73535],{},[208,73517,73518,73520,73521],{},[15,73519,56154],{}," deletes by ",[197,73522,3100],{},[208,73524,73525,73520,73527],{},[15,73526,13379],{},[197,73528,36467],{},[208,73530,73531,3025,73533],{},[15,73532,56154],{},[15,73534,4398],{},[208,73536,73537,73539],{},[15,73538,13379],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73541,46663,73542,1598],{},[15,73543,56154],{},[35,73545,73547],{"className":37,"code":73546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73548,73549,73581,73599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73552,8399],{"class":50},[44,73554,55],{"class":54},[44,73556,1954],{"class":58},[44,73558,633],{"class":583},[44,73560,636],{"class":587},[44,73562,633],{"class":583},[44,73564,66],{"class":58},[44,73566,643],{"class":583},[44,73568,646],{"class":587},[44,73570,633],{"class":583},[44,73572,66],{"class":58},[44,73574,643],{"class":583},[44,73576,655],{"class":587},[44,73578,633],{"class":583},[44,73580,1967],{"class":58},[44,73582,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73584,8430],{"class":50},[44,73586,120],{"class":58},[44,73588,35414],{"class":123},[44,73590,127],{"class":58},[44,73592,633],{"class":583},[44,73594,646],{"class":587},[44,73596,633],{"class":583},[44,73598,133],{"class":58},[44,73600,73601,73603,73605,73607],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73602,140],{"class":139},[44,73604,127],{"class":58},[44,73606,8430],{"class":123},[44,73608,133],{"class":58},[20,73610,150],{},[35,73612,73614],{"className":37,"code":73613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73615,73616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73617,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73619,4521],{"class":58},[44,73621,590],{"class":583},[44,73623,636],{"class":587},[44,73625,590],{"class":583},[44,73627,66],{"class":58},[44,73629,584],{"class":583},[44,73631,655],{"class":587},[44,73633,590],{"class":583},[44,73635,1967],{"class":58},[20,73637,46663,73638,1598],{},[15,73639,13379],{},[35,73641,73643],{"className":37,"code":73642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73644,73645,73677,73696,73700,73710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73646,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73648,8399],{"class":50},[44,73650,55],{"class":54},[44,73652,1954],{"class":58},[44,73654,633],{"class":583},[44,73656,636],{"class":587},[44,73658,633],{"class":583},[44,73660,66],{"class":58},[44,73662,643],{"class":583},[44,73664,646],{"class":587},[44,73666,633],{"class":583},[44,73668,66],{"class":58},[44,73670,643],{"class":583},[44,73672,655],{"class":587},[44,73674,633],{"class":583},[44,73676,1967],{"class":58},[44,73678,73679,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73680,73681],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,73683,55],{"class":54},[44,73685,6584],{"class":50},[44,73687,120],{"class":58},[44,73689,26860],{"class":123},[44,73691,127],{"class":58},[44,73693,63],{"class":62},[44,73695,133],{"class":58},[44,73697,73698],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73699,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,73701,73702,73704,73706,73708],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,73703,140],{"class":139},[44,73705,127],{"class":58},[44,73707,8430],{"class":123},[44,73709,133],{"class":58},[44,73711,73712,73714,73716,73719],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,73713,140],{"class":139},[44,73715,127],{"class":58},[44,73717,73718],{"class":123},"removed_item",[44,73720,133],{"class":58},[20,73722,150],{},[35,73724,73726],{"className":37,"code":73725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73727,73728,73748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73729,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73731,4521],{"class":58},[44,73733,590],{"class":583},[44,73735,636],{"class":587},[44,73737,590],{"class":583},[44,73739,66],{"class":58},[44,73741,584],{"class":583},[44,73743,655],{"class":587},[44,73745,590],{"class":583},[44,73747,1967],{"class":58},[44,73749,73750],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73751,71030],{"class":50},[20,73753,1296,73754,73756],{},[15,73755,56154],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73758,1296,73759,73761],{},[15,73760,13379],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73763,73764,73765,120],{},"For more detail, see the ",[176,73766,73767],{"href":55705},"Python list pop() method",[30,73769,73771],{"id":73770},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73773,73774,2495,73776,73778],{},[15,73775,56154],{},[15,73777,27644],{}," are also different.",[205,73780,73781,73786,73791,73796],{},[208,73782,73783,73785],{},[15,73784,56154],{}," deletes by matching value",[208,73787,73788,73790],{},[15,73789,27644],{}," deletes by index or slice",[208,73792,1296,73793,73795],{},[15,73794,27644],{}," when you know the position",[208,73797,1296,73798,73800],{},[15,73799,56154],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73802,46663,73803,1598],{},[15,73804,27644],{},[35,73806,73808],{"className":37,"code":73807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73809,73810,73842,73854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73811,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73813,8399],{"class":50},[44,73815,55],{"class":54},[44,73817,1954],{"class":58},[44,73819,633],{"class":583},[44,73821,636],{"class":587},[44,73823,633],{"class":583},[44,73825,66],{"class":58},[44,73827,643],{"class":583},[44,73829,646],{"class":587},[44,73831,633],{"class":583},[44,73833,66],{"class":58},[44,73835,643],{"class":583},[44,73837,655],{"class":587},[44,73839,633],{"class":583},[44,73841,1967],{"class":58},[44,73843,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73845,27644],{"class":4496},[44,73847,6584],{"class":50},[44,73849,4521],{"class":58},[44,73851,63],{"class":62},[44,73853,1967],{"class":58},[44,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73857,140],{"class":139},[44,73859,127],{"class":58},[44,73861,8430],{"class":123},[44,73863,133],{"class":58},[20,73865,150],{},[35,73867,73868],{"className":37,"code":73613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73869,73870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73871,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73873,4521],{"class":58},[44,73875,590],{"class":583},[44,73877,636],{"class":587},[44,73879,590],{"class":583},[44,73881,66],{"class":58},[44,73883,584],{"class":583},[44,73885,655],{"class":587},[44,73887,590],{"class":583},[44,73889,1967],{"class":58},[20,73891,73892,73893,73895,73896,73898],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73894,63],{},", not the value ",[15,73897,65898],{}," directly.",[20,73900,73901,73902,120],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[176,73903,55694],{"href":55693},[30,73905,3454],{"id":3453},[20,73907,1583,73908,1598],{},[15,73909,56154],{},[205,73911,73912,73915,73920,73927,73936],{},[208,73913,73914],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[208,73916,9075,73917,73919],{},[15,73918,56154],{}," to delete all matching values",[208,73921,13211,73922,73924,73925],{},[15,73923,56154],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73926,4398],{},[208,73928,863,73929,45253,73931,428,73933,73935],{},[15,73930,56154],{},[15,73932,13379],{},[15,73934,27644],{}," would be a better fit",[208,73937,73938],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73940,72130],{},[35,73942,73944],{"className":37,"code":73943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73945,73946,73956,73970,73988,74002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73947,73948,73950,73952,73954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73949,140],{"class":139},[44,73951,127],{"class":58},[44,73953,8961],{"class":123},[44,73955,133],{"class":58},[44,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,73959,140],{"class":139},[44,73961,127],{"class":58},[44,73963,3075],{"class":123},[44,73965,4503],{"class":4496},[44,73967,9018],{"class":123},[44,73969,133],{"class":58},[44,73971,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,73973,140],{"class":139},[44,73975,127],{"class":58},[44,73977,8961],{"class":123},[44,73979,120],{"class":58},[44,73981,41882],{"class":123},[44,73983,127],{"class":58},[44,73985,3100],{"class":123},[44,73987,556],{"class":58},[44,73989,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,73991,140],{"class":139},[44,73993,127],{"class":58},[44,73995,549],{"class":548},[44,73997,127],{"class":58},[44,73999,8961],{"class":123},[44,74001,556],{"class":58},[44,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,74005,32772],{"class":139},[44,74007,127],{"class":58},[44,74009,8715],{"class":548},[44,74011,120],{"class":58},[44,74013,35414],{"class":25368},[44,74015,133],{"class":58},[20,74017,74018],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[205,74020,74021,74024,74027,74030],{},[208,74022,74023],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[208,74025,74026],{},"How many times does it appear?",[208,74028,74029],{},"Am I working with a list?",[208,74031,74032],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,74034,74035,74036,74038],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[176,74037,72294],{"href":59587}," may also help.",[30,74040,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,74042,74044],{"id":74043},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,74046,74047],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1044,74049,74051],{"id":74050},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,74053,5766,74054,74056],{},[15,74055,4398],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1044,74058,74060],{"id":74059},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,74062,74063,74064,74067,74068,120],{},"Check with ",[15,74065,74066],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,74069,56154],{},[1044,74071,74073],{"id":74072},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,74075,1296,74076,74078,74079,74081],{},[15,74077,56154],{}," for a value and ",[15,74080,13379],{}," for an index.",[30,74083,2528],{"id":2527},[205,74085,74086,74090,74094,74098,74102],{},[208,74087,74088],{},[176,74089,56140],{"href":55693},[208,74091,74092],{},[176,74093,73767],{"href":55705},[208,74095,74096],{},[176,74097,72294],{"href":59587},[208,74099,74100],{},[176,74101,66463],{"href":73502},[208,74103,74104],{},[176,74105,74107],{"href":74106},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2554,74109,74110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":74112},[74113,74114,74115,74116,74117,74118,74119,74120,74121,74122,74128],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":72439,"depth":85,"text":72440},{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049},{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":72892,"depth":85,"text":72893},{"id":66253,"depth":85,"text":66254},{"id":73505,"depth":85,"text":73506},{"id":73770,"depth":85,"text":73771},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":74123},[74124,74125,74126,74127],{"id":74043,"depth":109,"text":74044},{"id":74050,"depth":109,"text":74051},{"id":74059,"depth":109,"text":74060},{"id":74072,"depth":109,"text":74073},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72342,"description":74129},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74136,"title":74137,"body":74138,"description":76029,"extension":2593,"meta":76030,"navigation":364,"path":76031,"seo":76032,"stem":76033,"__hash__":76034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74139,"toc":75999},[74140,74146,74152,74155,74166,74168,74217,74222,74227,74231,74246,74248,74313,74315,74356,74358,74360,74375,74377,74388,74390,74447,74449,74482,74484,74487,74536,74538,74563,74565,74581,74587,74594,74655,74657,74690,74695,74698,74778,74780,74841,74847,74851,74854,74918,74920,74945,74947,74967,74969,75018,75020,75041,75050,75053,75057,75062,75107,75109,75130,75136,75141,75149,75213,75215,75252,75258,75262,75269,75334,75336,75373,75377,75394,75404,75409,75414,75425,75432,75434,75440,75463,75466,75493,75498,75501,75602,75604,75659,75662,75769,75771,75842,75845,75871,75873,75878,75882,75890,75895,75900,75906,75911,75915,75918,75935,75938,75958,75966,75968,75996],[10,74141,54968,74143,18],{"id":74142},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74144,74145],{},"reverse()",[20,74147,74148,74151],{},[15,74149,74150],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74153,74154],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74156,74157,74158,74160,74161,74165],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74159,74145],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[176,74162,74164],{"href":74163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,74167,33],{"id":32},[35,74169,74171],{"className":37,"code":74170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74172,74173,74193,74204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74174,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74176,884],{"class":50},[44,74178,55],{"class":54},[44,74180,1954],{"class":58},[44,74182,63],{"class":62},[44,74184,66],{"class":58},[44,74186,69],{"class":62},[44,74188,66],{"class":58},[44,74190,74],{"class":62},[44,74192,1967],{"class":58},[44,74194,74195,74197,74199,74202],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74196,4268],{"class":50},[44,74198,120],{"class":58},[44,74200,74201],{"class":123},"reverse",[44,74203,571],{"class":58},[44,74205,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74207,140],{"class":139},[44,74209,127],{"class":58},[44,74211,4268],{"class":123},[44,74213,4281],{"class":58},[44,74215,74216],{"class":1992},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74218,74219,74221],{},[15,74220,74145],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,74223,186,74225,189],{"id":74224},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74226,74150],{},[20,74228,74229,1598],{},[15,74230,74150],{},[205,74232,74233,74236,74239,74243],{},[208,74234,74235],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[208,74237,74238],{},"Changes the original list directly",[208,74240,12041,74241],{},[15,74242,4398],{},[208,74244,74245],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74247,295],{},[35,74249,74251],{"className":37,"code":74250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74252,74253,74293,74303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74254,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74256,36712],{"class":50},[44,74258,55],{"class":54},[44,74260,1954],{"class":58},[44,74262,633],{"class":583},[44,74264,176],{"class":587},[44,74266,633],{"class":583},[44,74268,66],{"class":58},[44,74270,643],{"class":583},[44,74272,130],{"class":587},[44,74274,633],{"class":583},[44,74276,66],{"class":58},[44,74278,643],{"class":583},[44,74280,431],{"class":587},[44,74282,633],{"class":583},[44,74284,66],{"class":58},[44,74286,643],{"class":583},[44,74288,19386],{"class":587},[44,74290,633],{"class":583},[44,74292,1967],{"class":58},[44,74294,74295,74297,74299,74301],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74296,36765],{"class":50},[44,74298,120],{"class":58},[44,74300,74201],{"class":123},[44,74302,571],{"class":58},[44,74304,74305,74307,74309,74311],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74306,140],{"class":139},[44,74308,127],{"class":58},[44,74310,36765],{"class":123},[44,74312,133],{"class":58},[20,74314,150],{},[35,74316,74318],{"className":37,"code":74317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74319,74320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74321,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74323,4521],{"class":58},[44,74325,590],{"class":583},[44,74327,19386],{"class":587},[44,74329,590],{"class":583},[44,74331,66],{"class":58},[44,74333,584],{"class":583},[44,74335,431],{"class":587},[44,74337,590],{"class":583},[44,74339,66],{"class":58},[44,74341,584],{"class":583},[44,74343,130],{"class":587},[44,74345,590],{"class":583},[44,74347,66],{"class":58},[44,74349,584],{"class":583},[44,74351,176],{"class":587},[44,74353,590],{"class":583},[44,74355,1967],{"class":58},[30,74357,234],{"id":233},[20,74359,2787],{},[35,74361,74363],{"className":37,"code":74362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74364,74365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74366,74367,74369,74371,74373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74368,8961],{"class":50},[44,74370,120],{"class":58},[44,74372,74201],{"class":123},[44,74374,571],{"class":58},[20,74376,203],{},[205,74378,74379,74382,74385],{},[208,74380,74381],{},"No arguments are needed",[208,74383,74384],{},"You call it on an existing list",[208,74386,74387],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74389,295],{},[35,74391,74393],{"className":37,"code":74392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74394,74395,74427,74437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74396,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74398,13692],{"class":50},[44,74400,55],{"class":54},[44,74402,1954],{"class":58},[44,74404,633],{"class":583},[44,74406,13709],{"class":587},[44,74408,633],{"class":583},[44,74410,66],{"class":58},[44,74412,643],{"class":583},[44,74414,18073],{"class":587},[44,74416,633],{"class":583},[44,74418,66],{"class":58},[44,74420,643],{"class":583},[44,74422,13726],{"class":587},[44,74424,633],{"class":583},[44,74426,1967],{"class":58},[44,74428,74429,74431,74433,74435],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74430,18120],{"class":50},[44,74432,120],{"class":58},[44,74434,74201],{"class":123},[44,74436,571],{"class":58},[44,74438,74439,74441,74443,74445],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74440,140],{"class":139},[44,74442,127],{"class":58},[44,74444,18120],{"class":123},[44,74446,133],{"class":58},[20,74448,150],{},[35,74450,74452],{"className":37,"code":74451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74453,74454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74457,4521],{"class":58},[44,74459,590],{"class":583},[44,74461,13726],{"class":587},[44,74463,590],{"class":583},[44,74465,66],{"class":58},[44,74467,584],{"class":583},[44,74469,18073],{"class":587},[44,74471,590],{"class":583},[44,74473,66],{"class":58},[44,74475,584],{"class":583},[44,74477,13709],{"class":587},[44,74479,590],{"class":583},[44,74481,1967],{"class":58},[30,74483,613],{"id":612},[20,74485,74486],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,74488,74490],{"className":37,"code":74489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74491,74492,74516,74526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74493,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74495,884],{"class":50},[44,74497,55],{"class":54},[44,74499,1954],{"class":58},[44,74501,2958],{"class":62},[44,74503,66],{"class":58},[44,74505,8410],{"class":62},[44,74507,66],{"class":58},[44,74509,8415],{"class":62},[44,74511,66],{"class":58},[44,74513,51468],{"class":62},[44,74515,1967],{"class":58},[44,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74519,4268],{"class":50},[44,74521,120],{"class":58},[44,74523,74201],{"class":123},[44,74525,571],{"class":58},[44,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74529,140],{"class":139},[44,74531,127],{"class":58},[44,74533,4268],{"class":123},[44,74535,133],{"class":58},[20,74537,150],{},[35,74539,74541],{"className":37,"code":74540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74542,74543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74544,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74546,4521],{"class":58},[44,74548,57318],{"class":62},[44,74550,66],{"class":58},[44,74552,8415],{"class":62},[44,74554,66],{"class":58},[44,74556,8410],{"class":62},[44,74558,66],{"class":58},[44,74560,6622],{"class":62},[44,74562,1967],{"class":58},[20,74564,832],{},[205,74566,74567,74573,74578],{},[208,74568,74569,74570],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74571,74572],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[208,74574,74575,74577],{},[15,74576,74145],{}," flips the order",[208,74579,74580],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,74582,74584,74586],{"id":74583},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74585,74145],{}," changes the original list",[20,74588,74589,74590,74593],{},"This method is ",[197,74591,74592],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,74595,74597],{"className":37,"code":74596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74598,74599,74631,74641,74645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74600,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74602,36861],{"class":50},[44,74604,55],{"class":54},[44,74606,1954],{"class":58},[44,74608,633],{"class":583},[44,74610,636],{"class":587},[44,74612,633],{"class":583},[44,74614,66],{"class":58},[44,74616,643],{"class":583},[44,74618,646],{"class":587},[44,74620,633],{"class":583},[44,74622,66],{"class":58},[44,74624,643],{"class":583},[44,74626,4717],{"class":587},[44,74628,633],{"class":583},[44,74630,1967],{"class":58},[44,74632,74633,74635,74637,74639],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74634,36913],{"class":50},[44,74636,120],{"class":58},[44,74638,74201],{"class":123},[44,74640,571],{"class":58},[44,74642,74643],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74644,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,74646,74647,74649,74651,74653],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,74648,140],{"class":139},[44,74650,127],{"class":58},[44,74652,36913],{"class":123},[44,74654,133],{"class":58},[20,74656,150],{},[35,74658,74660],{"className":37,"code":74659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74661,74662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74663,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74665,4521],{"class":58},[44,74667,590],{"class":583},[44,74669,4717],{"class":587},[44,74671,590],{"class":583},[44,74673,66],{"class":58},[44,74675,584],{"class":583},[44,74677,646],{"class":587},[44,74679,590],{"class":583},[44,74681,66],{"class":58},[44,74683,584],{"class":583},[44,74685,636],{"class":587},[44,74687,590],{"class":583},[44,74689,1967],{"class":58},[20,74691,1296,74692,74694],{},[15,74693,74145],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74696,74697],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,74699,74701],{"className":37,"code":74700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74702,74703,74735,74753,74757,74767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74704,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74706,36861],{"class":50},[44,74708,55],{"class":54},[44,74710,1954],{"class":58},[44,74712,633],{"class":583},[44,74714,636],{"class":587},[44,74716,633],{"class":583},[44,74718,66],{"class":58},[44,74720,643],{"class":583},[44,74722,646],{"class":587},[44,74724,633],{"class":583},[44,74726,66],{"class":58},[44,74728,643],{"class":583},[44,74730,4717],{"class":587},[44,74732,633],{"class":583},[44,74734,1967],{"class":58},[44,74736,74737,74740,74742,74744,74747,74749,74751],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74738,74739],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,74741,55],{"class":54},[44,74743,53477],{"class":50},[44,74745,74746],{"class":58},"[::",[44,74748,1316],{"class":54},[44,74750,63],{"class":62},[44,74752,1967],{"class":58},[44,74754,74755],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74756,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,74758,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,74760,140],{"class":139},[44,74762,127],{"class":58},[44,74764,36913],{"class":123},[44,74766,133],{"class":58},[44,74768,74769,74771,74773,74776],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,74770,140],{"class":139},[44,74772,127],{"class":58},[44,74774,74775],{"class":123},"reversed_fruits",[44,74777,133],{"class":58},[20,74779,150],{},[35,74781,74783],{"className":37,"code":74782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74784,74785,74813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74788,4521],{"class":58},[44,74790,590],{"class":583},[44,74792,636],{"class":587},[44,74794,590],{"class":583},[44,74796,66],{"class":58},[44,74798,584],{"class":583},[44,74800,646],{"class":587},[44,74802,590],{"class":583},[44,74804,66],{"class":58},[44,74806,584],{"class":583},[44,74808,4717],{"class":587},[44,74810,590],{"class":583},[44,74812,1967],{"class":58},[44,74814,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74816,4521],{"class":58},[44,74818,590],{"class":583},[44,74820,4717],{"class":587},[44,74822,590],{"class":583},[44,74824,66],{"class":58},[44,74826,584],{"class":583},[44,74828,646],{"class":587},[44,74830,590],{"class":583},[44,74832,66],{"class":58},[44,74834,584],{"class":583},[44,74836,636],{"class":587},[44,74838,590],{"class":583},[44,74840,1967],{"class":58},[20,74842,74843,74844,120],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[176,74845,74846],{"href":74163},"Python list slicing explained",[30,74848,74850],{"id":74849},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74852,74853],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,74855,74857],{"className":37,"code":74856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74858,74859,74879,74893,74897,74908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74860,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74862,884],{"class":50},[44,74864,55],{"class":54},[44,74866,1954],{"class":58},[44,74868,63],{"class":62},[44,74870,66],{"class":58},[44,74872,69],{"class":62},[44,74874,66],{"class":58},[44,74876,74],{"class":62},[44,74878,1967],{"class":58},[44,74880,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74882,56515],{"class":50},[44,74884,55],{"class":54},[44,74886,975],{"class":50},[44,74888,120],{"class":58},[44,74890,74201],{"class":123},[44,74892,571],{"class":58},[44,74894,74895],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,74896,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,74898,74899,74901,74903,74906],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,74900,140],{"class":139},[44,74902,127],{"class":58},[44,74904,74905],{"class":123},"new_list",[44,74907,133],{"class":58},[44,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,74911,140],{"class":139},[44,74913,127],{"class":58},[44,74915,4268],{"class":123},[44,74917,133],{"class":58},[20,74919,150],{},[35,74921,74923],{"className":37,"code":74922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74924,74925,74929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74926,74927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74928,12424],{"class":4471},[44,74930,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74932,4521],{"class":58},[44,74934,95],{"class":62},[44,74936,66],{"class":58},[44,74938,69],{"class":62},[44,74940,66],{"class":58},[44,74942,2212],{"class":62},[44,74944,1967],{"class":58},[20,74946,12516],{},[205,74948,74949,74957,74961],{},[208,74950,74951,74953,74954,74956],{},[15,74952,74145],{}," changes ",[15,74955,4268],{}," directly",[208,74958,1801,74959,72463],{},[197,74960,199],{},[208,74962,54279,74963,42778,74965],{},[15,74964,74905],{},[15,74966,4398],{},[20,74968,62521],{},[35,74970,74972],{"className":37,"code":74971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74973,74974,74994,75004,75008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74975,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74977,884],{"class":50},[44,74979,55],{"class":54},[44,74981,1954],{"class":58},[44,74983,63],{"class":62},[44,74985,66],{"class":58},[44,74987,69],{"class":62},[44,74989,66],{"class":58},[44,74991,74],{"class":62},[44,74993,1967],{"class":58},[44,74995,74996,74998,75000,75002],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,74997,4268],{"class":50},[44,74999,120],{"class":58},[44,75001,74201],{"class":123},[44,75003,571],{"class":58},[44,75005,75006],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75007,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75011,140],{"class":139},[44,75013,127],{"class":58},[44,75015,4268],{"class":123},[44,75017,133],{"class":58},[20,75019,150],{},[35,75021,75023],{"className":37,"code":75022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75024,75025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75026,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75028,4521],{"class":58},[44,75030,95],{"class":62},[44,75032,66],{"class":58},[44,75034,69],{"class":62},[44,75036,66],{"class":58},[44,75038,2212],{"class":62},[44,75040,1967],{"class":58},[30,75042,75044,1036,75046,75049],{"id":75043},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,75045,74145],{},[15,75047,75048],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,75051,75052],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1044,75054,75055],{"id":74201},[15,75056,74145],{},[20,75058,75059,75061],{},[15,75060,74145],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,75063,75065],{"className":37,"code":75064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75066,75067,75087,75097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75068,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75070,884],{"class":50},[44,75072,55],{"class":54},[44,75074,1954],{"class":58},[44,75076,95],{"class":62},[44,75078,66],{"class":58},[44,75080,2212],{"class":62},[44,75082,66],{"class":58},[44,75084,69],{"class":62},[44,75086,1967],{"class":58},[44,75088,75089,75091,75093,75095],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75090,4268],{"class":50},[44,75092,120],{"class":58},[44,75094,74201],{"class":123},[44,75096,571],{"class":58},[44,75098,75099,75101,75103,75105],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75100,140],{"class":139},[44,75102,127],{"class":58},[44,75104,4268],{"class":123},[44,75106,133],{"class":58},[20,75108,150],{},[35,75110,75112],{"className":37,"code":75111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75113,75114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75115,75116,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75117,4521],{"class":58},[44,75119,339],{"class":62},[44,75121,66],{"class":58},[44,75123,2212],{"class":62},[44,75125,66],{"class":58},[44,75127,74],{"class":62},[44,75129,1967],{"class":58},[20,75131,75132,75133,75135],{},"Notice that this is ",[197,75134,199],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1044,75137,75139],{"id":75138},"sorted",[15,75140,75048],{},[20,75142,75143,75148],{},[176,75144,75146],{"href":75145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75147,75048],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,75150,75152],{"className":37,"code":75151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75153,75154,75174,75189,75193,75203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75155,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75157,884],{"class":50},[44,75159,55],{"class":54},[44,75161,1954],{"class":58},[44,75163,95],{"class":62},[44,75165,66],{"class":58},[44,75167,2212],{"class":62},[44,75169,66],{"class":58},[44,75171,69],{"class":62},[44,75173,1967],{"class":58},[44,75175,75176,75178,75180,75183,75185,75187],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75177,112],{"class":50},[44,75179,55],{"class":54},[44,75181,75182],{"class":139}," sorted",[44,75184,127],{"class":58},[44,75186,4268],{"class":123},[44,75188,133],{"class":58},[44,75190,75191],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75192,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75196,140],{"class":139},[44,75198,127],{"class":58},[44,75200,4268],{"class":123},[44,75202,133],{"class":58},[44,75204,75205,75207,75209,75211],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,75206,140],{"class":139},[44,75208,127],{"class":58},[44,75210,145],{"class":123},[44,75212,133],{"class":58},[20,75214,150],{},[35,75216,75218],{"className":37,"code":75217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75219,75220,75236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75221,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75223,4521],{"class":58},[44,75225,95],{"class":62},[44,75227,66],{"class":58},[44,75229,2212],{"class":62},[44,75231,66],{"class":58},[44,75233,69],{"class":62},[44,75235,1967],{"class":58},[44,75237,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75239,4521],{"class":58},[44,75241,63],{"class":62},[44,75243,66],{"class":58},[44,75245,69],{"class":62},[44,75247,66],{"class":58},[44,75249,74],{"class":62},[44,75251,1967],{"class":58},[20,75253,75254,75255,120],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75256,75257],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1044,75259,75261],{"id":75260},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75263,75264,75265,75268],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75266,75267],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,75270,75272],{"className":37,"code":75271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75273,75274,75294,75310,75314,75324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75275,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75277,884],{"class":50},[44,75279,55],{"class":54},[44,75281,1954],{"class":58},[44,75283,95],{"class":62},[44,75285,66],{"class":58},[44,75287,2212],{"class":62},[44,75289,66],{"class":58},[44,75291,69],{"class":62},[44,75293,1967],{"class":58},[44,75295,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306,75308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75297,112],{"class":50},[44,75299,55],{"class":54},[44,75301,975],{"class":50},[44,75303,74746],{"class":58},[44,75305,1316],{"class":54},[44,75307,63],{"class":62},[44,75309,1967],{"class":58},[44,75311,75312],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75313,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75315,75316,75318,75320,75322],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75317,140],{"class":139},[44,75319,127],{"class":58},[44,75321,4268],{"class":123},[44,75323,133],{"class":58},[44,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,75327,140],{"class":139},[44,75329,127],{"class":58},[44,75331,145],{"class":123},[44,75333,133],{"class":58},[20,75335,150],{},[35,75337,75339],{"className":37,"code":75338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75340,75341,75357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75342,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75344,4521],{"class":58},[44,75346,95],{"class":62},[44,75348,66],{"class":58},[44,75350,2212],{"class":62},[44,75352,66],{"class":58},[44,75354,69],{"class":62},[44,75356,1967],{"class":58},[44,75358,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75360,4521],{"class":58},[44,75362,339],{"class":62},[44,75364,66],{"class":58},[44,75366,2212],{"class":62},[44,75368,66],{"class":58},[44,75370,74],{"class":62},[44,75372,1967],{"class":58},[1044,75374,75376],{"id":75375},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[205,75378,75379,75384,75389],{},[208,75380,1296,75381,75383],{},[15,75382,74145],{}," when you want to change the original list",[208,75385,1296,75386,75388],{},[15,75387,75267],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[208,75390,1296,75391,75393],{},[15,75392,75048],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75395,75396,75397,75403],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[176,75398,75400,75401,2544],{"href":75399},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75402,64935],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,75405,5578,75407],{"id":75406},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75408,74145],{},[20,75410,75411,75413],{},[15,75412,74145],{}," is a good choice:",[205,75415,75416,75419,75422],{},[208,75417,75418],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[208,75420,75421],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[208,75423,75424],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75426,75427,75428,120],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[176,75429,75431],{"href":75430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,75433,3454],{"id":3453},[20,75435,75436,75437,75439],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75438,74145],{}," for these reasons:",[205,75441,75442,75446,75451,75456],{},[208,75443,13211,75444,13214],{},[15,75445,74145],{},[208,75447,9075,75448,75450],{},[15,75449,74145],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[208,75452,863,75453,75455],{},[15,75454,74145],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[208,75457,37826,75458,9326,75460],{},[15,75459,74145],{},[15,75461,75462],{},"reversed()",[20,75464,75465],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,75467,75469],{"className":37,"code":75468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75470,75471,75483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75472,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75474,35307],{"class":50},[44,75476,55],{"class":54},[44,75478,643],{"class":583},[44,75480,4464],{"class":587},[44,75482,3979],{"class":583},[44,75484,75485,75487,75489,75491],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75486,35328],{"class":50},[44,75488,120],{"class":58},[44,75490,74201],{"class":123},[44,75492,571],{"class":58},[20,75494,75495,75496,1305],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75497,74145],{},[20,75499,75500],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,75502,75504],{"className":37,"code":75503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75505,75506,75526,75530,75540,75554,75558,75572,75582,75586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75509,8930],{"class":50},[44,75511,55],{"class":54},[44,75513,1954],{"class":58},[44,75515,63],{"class":62},[44,75517,66],{"class":58},[44,75519,69],{"class":62},[44,75521,66],{"class":58},[44,75523,74],{"class":62},[44,75525,1967],{"class":58},[44,75527,75528],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75529,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75533,140],{"class":139},[44,75535,127],{"class":58},[44,75537,8961],{"class":123},[44,75539,133],{"class":58},[44,75541,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75543,140],{"class":139},[44,75545,127],{"class":58},[44,75547,549],{"class":548},[44,75549,127],{"class":58},[44,75551,8961],{"class":123},[44,75553,556],{"class":58},[44,75555,75556],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,75557,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75559,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,75561,112],{"class":50},[44,75563,55],{"class":54},[44,75565,9018],{"class":50},[44,75567,120],{"class":58},[44,75569,74201],{"class":123},[44,75571,571],{"class":58},[44,75573,75574,75576,75578,75580],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,75575,140],{"class":139},[44,75577,127],{"class":58},[44,75579,145],{"class":123},[44,75581,133],{"class":58},[44,75583,75584],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,75585,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75587,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,75589,140],{"class":139},[44,75591,127],{"class":58},[44,75593,8961],{"class":123},[44,75595,74746],{"class":58},[44,75597,1316],{"class":54},[44,75599,63],{"class":62},[44,75601,4509],{"class":58},[20,75603,150],{},[35,75605,75607],{"className":37,"code":75606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75608,75609,75625,75639,75643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75610,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75612,4521],{"class":58},[44,75614,63],{"class":62},[44,75616,66],{"class":58},[44,75618,69],{"class":62},[44,75620,66],{"class":58},[44,75622,74],{"class":62},[44,75624,1967],{"class":58},[44,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75628,576],{"class":54},[44,75630,580],{"class":579},[44,75632,584],{"class":583},[44,75634,8715],{"class":587},[44,75636,590],{"class":583},[44,75638,593],{"class":54},[44,75640,75641],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75642,12424],{"class":4471},[44,75644,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75646,4521],{"class":58},[44,75648,63],{"class":62},[44,75650,66],{"class":58},[44,75652,69],{"class":62},[44,75654,66],{"class":58},[44,75656,2212],{"class":62},[44,75658,1967],{"class":58},[20,75660,75661],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,75663,75665],{"className":37,"code":75664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75666,75667,75687,75691,75701,75715,75719,75733,75743,75753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75668,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75670,8930],{"class":50},[44,75672,55],{"class":54},[44,75674,1954],{"class":58},[44,75676,63],{"class":62},[44,75678,66],{"class":58},[44,75680,69],{"class":62},[44,75682,66],{"class":58},[44,75684,74],{"class":62},[44,75686,1967],{"class":58},[44,75688,75689],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75690,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75694,140],{"class":139},[44,75696,127],{"class":58},[44,75698,8961],{"class":123},[44,75700,133],{"class":58},[44,75702,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75704,140],{"class":139},[44,75706,127],{"class":58},[44,75708,549],{"class":548},[44,75710,127],{"class":58},[44,75712,8961],{"class":123},[44,75714,556],{"class":58},[44,75716,75717],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,75718,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,75720,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,75722,112],{"class":50},[44,75724,55],{"class":54},[44,75726,9018],{"class":50},[44,75728,120],{"class":58},[44,75730,74201],{"class":123},[44,75732,571],{"class":58},[44,75734,75735,75737,75739,75741],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,75736,140],{"class":139},[44,75738,127],{"class":58},[44,75740,145],{"class":123},[44,75742,133],{"class":58},[44,75744,75745,75747,75749,75751],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,75746,140],{"class":139},[44,75748,127],{"class":58},[44,75750,8961],{"class":123},[44,75752,133],{"class":58},[44,75754,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,75756,140],{"class":139},[44,75758,127],{"class":58},[44,75760,8961],{"class":123},[44,75762,74746],{"class":58},[44,75764,1316],{"class":54},[44,75766,63],{"class":62},[44,75768,4509],{"class":58},[20,75770,150],{},[35,75772,75774],{"className":37,"code":75773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75775,75776,75792,75806,75810,75826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75779,4521],{"class":58},[44,75781,63],{"class":62},[44,75783,66],{"class":58},[44,75785,69],{"class":62},[44,75787,66],{"class":58},[44,75789,74],{"class":62},[44,75791,1967],{"class":58},[44,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,75795,576],{"class":54},[44,75797,580],{"class":579},[44,75799,584],{"class":583},[44,75801,8715],{"class":587},[44,75803,590],{"class":583},[44,75805,593],{"class":54},[44,75807,75808],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,75809,12424],{"class":4471},[44,75811,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,75813,4521],{"class":58},[44,75815,95],{"class":62},[44,75817,66],{"class":58},[44,75819,69],{"class":62},[44,75821,66],{"class":58},[44,75823,2212],{"class":62},[44,75825,1967],{"class":58},[44,75827,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,75829,4521],{"class":58},[44,75831,63],{"class":62},[44,75833,66],{"class":58},[44,75835,69],{"class":62},[44,75837,66],{"class":58},[44,75839,74],{"class":62},[44,75841,1967],{"class":58},[20,75843,75844],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[205,75846,75847,75856,75865],{},[208,75848,28415,75849,75852,75853],{},[15,75850,75851],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75854,75855],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[208,75857,12532,75858,75861,75862,23177],{},[15,75859,75860],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[197,75863,75864],{},"current",[208,75866,75867,75868],{},"So it prints ",[15,75869,75870],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,75872,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,75874,2482,75876,56094],{"id":75875},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75877,74150],{},[20,75879,63226,75880,120],{},[15,75881,4398],{},[1044,75883,34824,75885,34827,75887,1447],{"id":75884},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75886,74145],{},[15,75888,75889],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75891,75892,75894],{},[15,75893,74145],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75896,75897,75899],{},[15,75898,75889],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1044,75901,2509,75903,75905],{"id":75902},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75904,74145],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75907,46988,75908,75910],{},[15,75909,74145],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1044,75912,75914],{"id":75913},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75916,75917],{},"Use slicing:",[35,75919,75921],{"className":37,"code":75920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75922,75923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75924,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75926,8961],{"class":50},[44,75928,74746],{"class":58},[44,75930,1316],{"class":54},[44,75932,63],{"class":62},[44,75934,1967],{"class":58},[20,75936,75937],{},"Or use:",[35,75939,75941],{"className":37,"code":75940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75942,75943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75944,75945,75947,75949,75952,75954,75956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75946,8715],{"class":548},[44,75948,127],{"class":58},[44,75950,75951],{"class":139},"reversed",[44,75953,127],{"class":58},[44,75955,8961],{"class":123},[44,75957,556],{"class":58},[20,75959,75960,75961,75965],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[176,75962,56145,75963],{"href":55586},[15,75964,13393],{}," can also help.",[30,75967,2528],{"id":2527},[205,75969,75970,75976,75982,75986,75990],{},[208,75971,75972],{},[176,75973,56145,75974,2544],{"href":75399},[15,75975,64935],{},[208,75977,75978],{},[176,75979,4197,75980,4130],{"href":75145},[15,75981,75048],{},[208,75983,75984],{},[176,75985,75431],{"href":75430},[208,75987,75988],{},[176,75989,74846],{"href":74163},[208,75991,75992],{},[176,75993,56145,75994,2544],{"href":55586},[15,75995,13393],{},[2554,75997,75998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":76000},[76001,76002,76004,76005,76006,76008,76009,76016,76018,76019,76028],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":74224,"depth":85,"text":76003},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":74583,"depth":85,"text":76007},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74849,"depth":85,"text":74850},{"id":75043,"depth":85,"text":76010,"children":76011},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[76012,76013,76014,76015],{"id":74201,"depth":109,"text":74145},{"id":75138,"depth":109,"text":75048},{"id":75260,"depth":109,"text":75261},{"id":75375,"depth":109,"text":75376},{"id":75406,"depth":85,"text":76017},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":76020},[76021,76023,76025,76027],{"id":75875,"depth":109,"text":76022},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75884,"depth":109,"text":76024},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75902,"depth":109,"text":76026},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75913,"depth":109,"text":75914},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74137,"description":76029},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":76036,"title":76037,"body":76038,"description":78471,"extension":2593,"meta":78472,"navigation":364,"path":78473,"seo":78474,"stem":78475,"__hash__":78476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":76039,"toc":78439},[76040,76043,76055,76058,76081,76089,76091,76203,76212,76216,76219,76222,76309,76311,76344,76346,76369,76375,76379,76382,76404,76406,76423,76426,76446,76448,76558,76560,76637,76641,76644,76687,76689,76822,76824,76926,76931,76935,76938,76940,76954,76957,77071,77073,77147,77149,77177,77181,77186,77216,77219,77345,77347,77429,77435,77439,77441,77480,77489,77493,77496,77500,77547,77549,77557,77561,77612,77614,77627,77629,77643,77646,77654,77656,77703,77705,77713,77716,77759,77764,77767,77770,77793,77797,77848,77851,77872,77882,77886,77888,77918,77921,77944,77948,77951,78018,78020,78057,78060,78068,78135,78137,78174,78180,78187,78191,78194,78224,78229,78233,78236,78260,78263,78357,78367,78369,78373,78376,78380,78383,78388,78391,78397,78400,78402,78430,78436],[10,76041,76037],{"id":76042},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,76044,76045,76046,2817,76048,17691,76051,76054],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,76047,36694],{},[15,76049,76050],{},"stop",[15,76052,76053],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,76056,76057],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,76059,76061],{"className":37,"code":76060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,76062,76063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76064,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76066,8961],{"class":50},[44,76068,4521],{"class":58},[44,76070,36694],{"class":50},[44,76072,1598],{"class":58},[44,76074,76050],{"class":50},[44,76076,1598],{"class":58},[44,76078,76053],{"class":50},[44,76080,1967],{"class":58},[20,76082,76083,76084,76086,76087,120],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,76085,76050],{}," position is ",[197,76088,65693],{},[30,76090,2634],{"id":2633},[35,76092,76094],{"className":37,"code":76093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76095,76096,76124,76128,76149,76167,76184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76097,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76099,884],{"class":50},[44,76101,55],{"class":54},[44,76103,1954],{"class":58},[44,76105,2958],{"class":62},[44,76107,66],{"class":58},[44,76109,8410],{"class":62},[44,76111,66],{"class":58},[44,76113,8415],{"class":62},[44,76115,66],{"class":58},[44,76117,51468],{"class":62},[44,76119,66],{"class":58},[44,76121,5698],{"class":62},[44,76123,1967],{"class":58},[44,76125,76126],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76127,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,76129,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76131,140],{"class":139},[44,76133,127],{"class":58},[44,76135,4268],{"class":123},[44,76137,4521],{"class":58},[44,76139,63],{"class":62},[44,76141,1598],{"class":58},[44,76143,1517],{"class":62},[44,76145,21064],{"class":58},[44,76147,76148],{"class":1992},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,76150,76151,76153,76155,76157,76160,76162,76164],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76152,140],{"class":139},[44,76154,127],{"class":58},[44,76156,4268],{"class":123},[44,76158,76159],{"class":58},"[:",[44,76161,95],{"class":62},[44,76163,21064],{"class":58},[44,76165,76166],{"class":1992},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,76168,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,76170,140],{"class":139},[44,76172,127],{"class":58},[44,76174,4268],{"class":123},[44,76176,74746],{"class":58},[44,76178,339],{"class":62},[44,76180,21064],{"class":58},[44,76182,76183],{"class":1992},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,76185,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,76187,140],{"class":139},[44,76189,127],{"class":58},[44,76191,4268],{"class":123},[44,76193,74746],{"class":58},[44,76195,1316],{"class":54},[44,76197,63],{"class":62},[44,76199,21064],{"class":58},[44,76201,76202],{"class":1992},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76204,1296,76205,76208,76209,76211],{},[15,76206,76207],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76210,76050],{}," value is not included.",[30,76213,76215],{"id":76214},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76217,76218],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76220,76221],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,76223,76225],{"className":37,"code":76224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76226,76227,76275,76279,76298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76228,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76230,36712],{"class":50},[44,76232,55],{"class":54},[44,76234,1954],{"class":58},[44,76236,633],{"class":583},[44,76238,176],{"class":587},[44,76240,633],{"class":583},[44,76242,66],{"class":58},[44,76244,643],{"class":583},[44,76246,130],{"class":587},[44,76248,633],{"class":583},[44,76250,66],{"class":58},[44,76252,643],{"class":583},[44,76254,431],{"class":587},[44,76256,633],{"class":583},[44,76258,66],{"class":58},[44,76260,643],{"class":583},[44,76262,19386],{"class":587},[44,76264,633],{"class":583},[44,76266,66],{"class":58},[44,76268,643],{"class":583},[44,76270,61070],{"class":587},[44,76272,633],{"class":583},[44,76274,1967],{"class":58},[44,76276,76277],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76278,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,76280,76281,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76282,76283],{"class":50},"part ",[44,76285,55],{"class":54},[44,76287,70720],{"class":50},[44,76289,4521],{"class":58},[44,76291,63],{"class":62},[44,76293,1598],{"class":58},[44,76295,1517],{"class":62},[44,76297,1967],{"class":58},[44,76299,76300,76302,76304,76307],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76301,140],{"class":139},[44,76303,127],{"class":58},[44,76305,76306],{"class":123},"part",[44,76308,133],{"class":58},[20,76310,150],{},[35,76312,76314],{"className":37,"code":76313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76315,76316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76317,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76319,4521],{"class":58},[44,76321,590],{"class":583},[44,76323,130],{"class":587},[44,76325,590],{"class":583},[44,76327,66],{"class":58},[44,76329,584],{"class":583},[44,76331,431],{"class":587},[44,76333,590],{"class":583},[44,76335,66],{"class":58},[44,76337,584],{"class":583},[44,76339,19386],{"class":587},[44,76341,590],{"class":583},[44,76343,1967],{"class":58},[20,76345,203],{},[205,76347,76348,76351,76354,76360,76366],{},[208,76349,76350],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[208,76352,76353],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[208,76355,76356,76357],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76358,76359],{},"list[start:stop]",[208,76361,76362,76363,76365],{},"The item at ",[15,76364,76050],{}," is not included",[208,76367,76368],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76370,76371,76372,120],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[176,76373,76374],{"href":51604},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,76376,76378],{"id":76377},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76380,76381],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,76383,76384],{"className":37,"code":76060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76385,76386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76389,8961],{"class":50},[44,76391,4521],{"class":58},[44,76393,36694],{"class":50},[44,76395,1598],{"class":58},[44,76397,76050],{"class":50},[44,76399,1598],{"class":58},[44,76401,76053],{"class":50},[44,76403,1967],{"class":58},[20,76405,65669],{},[205,76407,76408,76413,76418],{},[208,76409,76410,76412],{},[15,76411,36694],{}," is where slicing begins",[208,76414,76415,76417],{},[15,76416,76050],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[208,76419,76420,76422],{},[15,76421,76053],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76424,76425],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[205,76427,76428,76434,76439],{},[208,76429,76430,76431,76433],{},"Missing ",[15,76432,36694],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[208,76435,76430,76436,76438],{},[15,76437,76050],{}," means go to the end of the list",[208,76440,76430,76441,76443,76444],{},[15,76442,76053],{}," means use ",[15,76445,63],{},[20,76447,295],{},[35,76449,76451],{"className":37,"code":76450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76452,76453,76481,76485,76506,76523,76541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76454,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76456,884],{"class":50},[44,76458,55],{"class":54},[44,76460,1954],{"class":58},[44,76462,2958],{"class":62},[44,76464,66],{"class":58},[44,76466,8410],{"class":62},[44,76468,66],{"class":58},[44,76470,8415],{"class":62},[44,76472,66],{"class":58},[44,76474,51468],{"class":62},[44,76476,66],{"class":58},[44,76478,5698],{"class":62},[44,76480,1967],{"class":58},[44,76482,76483],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76484,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,76486,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76488,140],{"class":139},[44,76490,127],{"class":58},[44,76492,4268],{"class":123},[44,76494,4521],{"class":58},[44,76496,63],{"class":62},[44,76498,1598],{"class":58},[44,76500,1517],{"class":62},[44,76502,21064],{"class":58},[44,76504,76505],{"class":1992},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,76507,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76509,140],{"class":139},[44,76511,127],{"class":58},[44,76513,4268],{"class":123},[44,76515,76159],{"class":58},[44,76517,95],{"class":62},[44,76519,21064],{"class":58},[44,76521,76522],{"class":1992},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,76524,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76538],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,76526,140],{"class":139},[44,76528,127],{"class":58},[44,76530,4268],{"class":123},[44,76532,4521],{"class":58},[44,76534,339],{"class":62},[44,76536,76537],{"class":58},":])",[44,76539,76540],{"class":1992},"    # go to the end\n",[44,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,76544,140],{"class":139},[44,76546,127],{"class":58},[44,76548,4268],{"class":123},[44,76550,74746],{"class":58},[44,76552,63],{"class":62},[44,76554,21064],{"class":58},[44,76556,76557],{"class":1992},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76559,150],{},[35,76561,76563],{"className":37,"code":76562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76564,76565,76581,76597,76613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76566,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76568,4521],{"class":58},[44,76570,16372],{"class":62},[44,76572,66],{"class":58},[44,76574,8415],{"class":62},[44,76576,66],{"class":58},[44,76578,51468],{"class":62},[44,76580,1967],{"class":58},[44,76582,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76584,4521],{"class":58},[44,76586,2958],{"class":62},[44,76588,66],{"class":58},[44,76590,8410],{"class":62},[44,76592,66],{"class":58},[44,76594,8415],{"class":62},[44,76596,1967],{"class":58},[44,76598,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76600,4521],{"class":58},[44,76602,37464],{"class":62},[44,76604,66],{"class":58},[44,76606,51468],{"class":62},[44,76608,66],{"class":58},[44,76610,5698],{"class":62},[44,76612,1967],{"class":58},[44,76614,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76616,4521],{"class":58},[44,76618,2958],{"class":62},[44,76620,66],{"class":58},[44,76622,8410],{"class":62},[44,76624,66],{"class":58},[44,76626,8415],{"class":62},[44,76628,66],{"class":58},[44,76630,51468],{"class":62},[44,76632,66],{"class":58},[44,76634,5698],{"class":62},[44,76636,1967],{"class":58},[30,76638,76640],{"id":76639},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76642,76643],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[205,76645,76646,76655,76664,76675,76681],{},[208,76647,76648,76651,76652,6584],{},[15,76649,76650],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76653,76654],{},"n",[208,76656,76657,76660,76661,76663],{},[15,76658,76659],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76662,76654],{}," to the end",[208,76665,76666,76669,76670,76672,76673],{},[15,76667,76668],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76671,176],{}," up to ",[15,76674,130],{},[208,76676,76677,76680],{},[15,76678,76679],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[208,76682,76683,76686],{},[15,76684,76685],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76688,295],{},[35,76690,76692],{"className":37,"code":76691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76693,76694,76727,76731,76748,76765,76786,76803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76695,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76697,884],{"class":50},[44,76699,55],{"class":54},[44,76701,1954],{"class":58},[44,76703,2958],{"class":62},[44,76705,66],{"class":58},[44,76707,8410],{"class":62},[44,76709,66],{"class":58},[44,76711,8415],{"class":62},[44,76713,66],{"class":58},[44,76715,51468],{"class":62},[44,76717,66],{"class":58},[44,76719,5698],{"class":62},[44,76721,66],{"class":58},[44,76723,76724],{"class":62}," 60",[44,76726,1967],{"class":58},[44,76728,76729],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76730,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,76732,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76734,140],{"class":139},[44,76736,127],{"class":58},[44,76738,4268],{"class":123},[44,76740,76159],{"class":58},[44,76742,95],{"class":62},[44,76744,21064],{"class":58},[44,76746,76747],{"class":1992},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,76749,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76751,140],{"class":139},[44,76753,127],{"class":58},[44,76755,4268],{"class":123},[44,76757,4521],{"class":58},[44,76759,95],{"class":62},[44,76761,76537],{"class":58},[44,76763,76764],{"class":1992},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,76766,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,76768,140],{"class":139},[44,76770,127],{"class":58},[44,76772,4268],{"class":123},[44,76774,4521],{"class":58},[44,76776,63],{"class":62},[44,76778,1598],{"class":58},[44,76780,357],{"class":62},[44,76782,21064],{"class":58},[44,76784,76785],{"class":1992},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,76787,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,76789,140],{"class":139},[44,76791,127],{"class":58},[44,76793,4268],{"class":123},[44,76795,74746],{"class":58},[44,76797,339],{"class":62},[44,76799,21064],{"class":58},[44,76801,76802],{"class":1992},"   # every second item\n",[44,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,76806,140],{"class":139},[44,76808,127],{"class":58},[44,76810,4268],{"class":123},[44,76812,74746],{"class":58},[44,76814,1316],{"class":54},[44,76816,63],{"class":62},[44,76818,21064],{"class":58},[44,76820,76821],{"class":1992},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76823,150],{},[35,76825,76827],{"className":37,"code":76826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76828,76829,76845,76861,76881,76897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76830,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76832,4521],{"class":58},[44,76834,2958],{"class":62},[44,76836,66],{"class":58},[44,76838,8410],{"class":62},[44,76840,66],{"class":58},[44,76842,8415],{"class":62},[44,76844,1967],{"class":58},[44,76846,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,76848,4521],{"class":58},[44,76850,57318],{"class":62},[44,76852,66],{"class":58},[44,76854,5698],{"class":62},[44,76856,66],{"class":58},[44,76858,76724],{"class":62},[44,76860,1967],{"class":58},[44,76862,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,76864,4521],{"class":58},[44,76866,16372],{"class":62},[44,76868,66],{"class":58},[44,76870,8415],{"class":62},[44,76872,66],{"class":58},[44,76874,51468],{"class":62},[44,76876,66],{"class":58},[44,76878,5698],{"class":62},[44,76880,1967],{"class":58},[44,76882,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,76884,4521],{"class":58},[44,76886,2958],{"class":62},[44,76888,66],{"class":58},[44,76890,8415],{"class":62},[44,76892,66],{"class":58},[44,76894,5698],{"class":62},[44,76896,1967],{"class":58},[44,76898,76899,76901,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,76900,4521],{"class":58},[44,76902,76903],{"class":62},"60",[44,76905,66],{"class":58},[44,76907,5698],{"class":62},[44,76909,66],{"class":58},[44,76911,51468],{"class":62},[44,76913,66],{"class":58},[44,76915,8415],{"class":62},[44,76917,66],{"class":58},[44,76919,8410],{"class":62},[44,76921,66],{"class":58},[44,76923,6622],{"class":62},[44,76925,1967],{"class":58},[20,76927,76928,76929,120],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[176,76930,15506],{"href":57844},[30,76932,76934],{"id":76933},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76936,76937],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76939,6090],{},[205,76941,76942,76948],{},[208,76943,76944,76947],{},[15,76945,76946],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[208,76949,76950,76953],{},[15,76951,76952],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76955,76956],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,76958,76960],{"className":37,"code":76959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76961,76962,77010,77014,77033,77052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76963,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76965,36712],{"class":50},[44,76967,55],{"class":54},[44,76969,1954],{"class":58},[44,76971,633],{"class":583},[44,76973,176],{"class":587},[44,76975,633],{"class":583},[44,76977,66],{"class":58},[44,76979,643],{"class":583},[44,76981,130],{"class":587},[44,76983,633],{"class":583},[44,76985,66],{"class":58},[44,76987,643],{"class":583},[44,76989,431],{"class":587},[44,76991,633],{"class":583},[44,76993,66],{"class":58},[44,76995,643],{"class":583},[44,76997,19386],{"class":587},[44,76999,633],{"class":583},[44,77001,66],{"class":58},[44,77003,643],{"class":583},[44,77005,61070],{"class":587},[44,77007,633],{"class":583},[44,77009,1967],{"class":58},[44,77011,77012],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77013,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77015,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77017,140],{"class":139},[44,77019,127],{"class":58},[44,77021,36765],{"class":123},[44,77023,4521],{"class":58},[44,77025,1316],{"class":54},[44,77027,63],{"class":62},[44,77029,21064],{"class":58},[44,77031,77032],{"class":1992},"    # last item\n",[44,77034,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,77036,140],{"class":139},[44,77038,127],{"class":58},[44,77040,36765],{"class":123},[44,77042,4521],{"class":58},[44,77044,1316],{"class":54},[44,77046,95],{"class":62},[44,77048,76537],{"class":58},[44,77050,77051],{"class":1992},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,77053,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,77055,140],{"class":139},[44,77057,127],{"class":58},[44,77059,36765],{"class":123},[44,77061,76159],{"class":58},[44,77063,1316],{"class":54},[44,77065,63],{"class":62},[44,77067,21064],{"class":58},[44,77069,77070],{"class":1992},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,77072,150],{},[35,77074,77076],{"className":37,"code":77075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,77077,77078,77083,77111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77079,77080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77081,77082],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,77084,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77086,4521],{"class":58},[44,77088,590],{"class":583},[44,77090,431],{"class":587},[44,77092,590],{"class":583},[44,77094,66],{"class":58},[44,77096,584],{"class":583},[44,77098,19386],{"class":587},[44,77100,590],{"class":583},[44,77102,66],{"class":58},[44,77104,584],{"class":583},[44,77106,61070],{"class":587},[44,77108,590],{"class":583},[44,77110,1967],{"class":58},[44,77112,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77114,4521],{"class":58},[44,77116,590],{"class":583},[44,77118,176],{"class":587},[44,77120,590],{"class":583},[44,77122,66],{"class":58},[44,77124,584],{"class":583},[44,77126,130],{"class":587},[44,77128,590],{"class":583},[44,77130,66],{"class":58},[44,77132,584],{"class":583},[44,77134,431],{"class":587},[44,77136,590],{"class":583},[44,77138,66],{"class":58},[44,77140,584],{"class":583},[44,77142,19386],{"class":587},[44,77144,590],{"class":583},[44,77146,1967],{"class":58},[20,77148,203],{},[205,77150,77151,77154,77158,77164,77170],{},[208,77152,77153],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[208,77155,77156,76947],{},[15,77157,76946],{},[208,77159,77160,77163],{},[15,77161,77162],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[208,77165,77166,77169],{},[15,77167,77168],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[208,77171,77172,77173,2495,77175],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77174,36694],{},[15,77176,76050],{},[30,77178,77180],{"id":77179},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77182,192,77183,77185],{},[15,77184,76053],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[205,77187,77188,77191,77194,77199,77209],{},[208,77189,77190],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[208,77192,77193],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[208,77195,77196,77198],{},[15,77197,76685],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[208,77200,9497,77201,77203,77204,77206,77207],{},[15,77202,76053],{}," is negative, ",[15,77205,36694],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77208,76050],{},[208,77210,77211,77213,77214],{},[15,77212,76053],{}," cannot be ",[15,77215,2748],{},[20,77217,77218],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,77220,77222],{"className":37,"code":77221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77223,77224,77256,77260,77277,77299,77318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77225,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77227,884],{"class":50},[44,77229,55],{"class":54},[44,77231,1954],{"class":58},[44,77233,2958],{"class":62},[44,77235,66],{"class":58},[44,77237,8410],{"class":62},[44,77239,66],{"class":58},[44,77241,8415],{"class":62},[44,77243,66],{"class":58},[44,77245,51468],{"class":62},[44,77247,66],{"class":58},[44,77249,5698],{"class":62},[44,77251,66],{"class":58},[44,77253,76724],{"class":62},[44,77255,1967],{"class":58},[44,77257,77258],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77259,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77261,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77263,140],{"class":139},[44,77265,127],{"class":58},[44,77267,4268],{"class":123},[44,77269,74746],{"class":58},[44,77271,339],{"class":62},[44,77273,21064],{"class":58},[44,77275,77276],{"class":1992},"     # every second item\n",[44,77278,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77292,77294,77296],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,77280,140],{"class":139},[44,77282,127],{"class":58},[44,77284,4268],{"class":123},[44,77286,4521],{"class":58},[44,77288,63],{"class":62},[44,77290,77291],{"class":58},"::",[44,77293,339],{"class":62},[44,77295,21064],{"class":58},[44,77297,77298],{"class":1992},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,77300,77301,77303,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,77302,140],{"class":139},[44,77304,127],{"class":58},[44,77306,4268],{"class":123},[44,77308,74746],{"class":58},[44,77310,1316],{"class":54},[44,77312,63],{"class":62},[44,77314,21064],{"class":58},[44,77316,77317],{"class":1992},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,77319,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,77321,140],{"class":139},[44,77323,127],{"class":58},[44,77325,4268],{"class":123},[44,77327,4521],{"class":58},[44,77329,1517],{"class":62},[44,77331,1598],{"class":58},[44,77333,63],{"class":62},[44,77335,1598],{"class":58},[44,77337,1316],{"class":54},[44,77339,63],{"class":62},[44,77341,21064],{"class":58},[44,77343,77344],{"class":1992},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77346,150],{},[35,77348,77350],{"className":37,"code":77349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77351,77352,77368,77384,77412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77353,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77355,4521],{"class":58},[44,77357,2958],{"class":62},[44,77359,66],{"class":58},[44,77361,8415],{"class":62},[44,77363,66],{"class":58},[44,77365,5698],{"class":62},[44,77367,1967],{"class":58},[44,77369,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77371,4521],{"class":58},[44,77373,16372],{"class":62},[44,77375,66],{"class":58},[44,77377,51468],{"class":62},[44,77379,66],{"class":58},[44,77381,76724],{"class":62},[44,77383,1967],{"class":58},[44,77385,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77387,4521],{"class":58},[44,77389,76903],{"class":62},[44,77391,66],{"class":58},[44,77393,5698],{"class":62},[44,77395,66],{"class":58},[44,77397,51468],{"class":62},[44,77399,66],{"class":58},[44,77401,8415],{"class":62},[44,77403,66],{"class":58},[44,77405,8410],{"class":62},[44,77407,66],{"class":58},[44,77409,6622],{"class":62},[44,77411,1967],{"class":58},[44,77413,77414,77416,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,77415,4521],{"class":58},[44,77417,77418],{"class":62},"50",[44,77420,66],{"class":58},[44,77422,51468],{"class":62},[44,77424,66],{"class":58},[44,77426,8415],{"class":62},[44,77428,1967],{"class":58},[20,77430,77431,77432,120],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[176,77433,77434],{"href":75430},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1044,77436,77438],{"id":77437},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77440,3461],{},[35,77442,77444],{"className":37,"code":77443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77445,77446,77466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77447,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77449,884],{"class":50},[44,77451,55],{"class":54},[44,77453,1954],{"class":58},[44,77455,63],{"class":62},[44,77457,66],{"class":58},[44,77459,69],{"class":62},[44,77461,66],{"class":58},[44,77463,74],{"class":62},[44,77465,1967],{"class":58},[44,77467,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77469,140],{"class":139},[44,77471,127],{"class":58},[44,77473,4268],{"class":123},[44,77475,74746],{"class":58},[44,77477,2748],{"class":62},[44,77479,4509],{"class":58},[20,77481,77482,77483,77485,77486,77488],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77484,41327],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77487,2748],{}," does not make sense.",[30,77490,77492],{"id":77491},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77494,77495],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1044,77497,77499],{"id":77498},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,77501,77503],{"className":37,"code":77502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77504,77505,77529,77533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77506,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77508,884],{"class":50},[44,77510,55],{"class":54},[44,77512,1954],{"class":58},[44,77514,2958],{"class":62},[44,77516,66],{"class":58},[44,77518,8410],{"class":62},[44,77520,66],{"class":58},[44,77522,8415],{"class":62},[44,77524,66],{"class":58},[44,77526,51468],{"class":62},[44,77528,1967],{"class":58},[44,77530,77531],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77532,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77534,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77536,140],{"class":139},[44,77538,127],{"class":58},[44,77540,4268],{"class":123},[44,77542,4521],{"class":58},[44,77544,339],{"class":62},[44,77546,4509],{"class":58},[20,77548,150],{},[35,77550,77551],{"className":37,"code":70464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77552,77553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77554,77555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77556,70464],{"class":62},[1044,77558,77560],{"id":77559},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,77562,77564],{"className":37,"code":77563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77565,77566,77590,77594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77567,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77569,884],{"class":50},[44,77571,55],{"class":54},[44,77573,1954],{"class":58},[44,77575,2958],{"class":62},[44,77577,66],{"class":58},[44,77579,8410],{"class":62},[44,77581,66],{"class":58},[44,77583,8415],{"class":62},[44,77585,66],{"class":58},[44,77587,51468],{"class":62},[44,77589,1967],{"class":58},[44,77591,77592],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77593,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77595,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77597,140],{"class":139},[44,77599,127],{"class":58},[44,77601,4268],{"class":123},[44,77603,4521],{"class":58},[44,77605,339],{"class":62},[44,77607,1598],{"class":58},[44,77609,95],{"class":62},[44,77611,4509],{"class":58},[20,77613,150],{},[35,77615,77617],{"className":37,"code":77616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,77618,77619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77620,77621,77623,77625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77622,4521],{"class":58},[44,77624,37464],{"class":62},[44,77626,1967],{"class":58},[20,77628,14380],{},[205,77630,77631,77637],{},[208,77632,77633,77636],{},[15,77634,77635],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[208,77638,77639,77642],{},[15,77640,77641],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77644,77645],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[205,77647,77648,77651],{},[208,77649,77650],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[208,77652,77653],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77655,295],{},[35,77657,77659],{"className":37,"code":77658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77660,77661,77681,77685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77662,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77664,884],{"class":50},[44,77666,55],{"class":54},[44,77668,1954],{"class":58},[44,77670,2958],{"class":62},[44,77672,66],{"class":58},[44,77674,8410],{"class":62},[44,77676,66],{"class":58},[44,77678,8415],{"class":62},[44,77680,1967],{"class":58},[44,77682,77683],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77684,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77686,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77688,140],{"class":139},[44,77690,127],{"class":58},[44,77692,4268],{"class":123},[44,77694,4521],{"class":58},[44,77696,357],{"class":62},[44,77698,1598],{"class":58},[44,77700,2958],{"class":62},[44,77702,4509],{"class":58},[20,77704,150],{},[35,77706,77707],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77708,77709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77710,77711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77712,38919],{"class":58},[20,77714,77715],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,77717,77719],{"className":37,"code":77718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77720,77721,77741,77745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77722,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77724,884],{"class":50},[44,77726,55],{"class":54},[44,77728,1954],{"class":58},[44,77730,2958],{"class":62},[44,77732,66],{"class":58},[44,77734,8410],{"class":62},[44,77736,66],{"class":58},[44,77738,8415],{"class":62},[44,77740,1967],{"class":58},[44,77742,77743],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77744,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77748,140],{"class":139},[44,77750,127],{"class":58},[44,77752,4268],{"class":123},[44,77754,4521],{"class":58},[44,77756,357],{"class":62},[44,77758,4509],{"class":58},[20,77760,77761,77762,120],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[176,77763,69883],{"href":69882},[30,77765,15795],{"id":77766},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77768,77769],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[205,77771,77772,77776,77778,77781,77787],{},[208,77773,5321,77774,76365],{},[15,77775,76050],{},[208,77777,61315],{},[208,77779,77780],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[208,77782,37826,77783,9326,77785],{},[15,77784,76685],{},[15,77786,74150],{},[208,77788,77789,77790,77792],{},"Using step ",[15,77791,2748],{},", which causes an error",[1044,77794,77796],{"id":77795},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,77798,77800],{"className":37,"code":77799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77801,77802,77830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77803,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77805,884],{"class":50},[44,77807,55],{"class":54},[44,77809,1954],{"class":58},[44,77811,2958],{"class":62},[44,77813,66],{"class":58},[44,77815,8410],{"class":62},[44,77817,66],{"class":58},[44,77819,8415],{"class":62},[44,77821,66],{"class":58},[44,77823,51468],{"class":62},[44,77825,66],{"class":58},[44,77827,5698],{"class":62},[44,77829,1967],{"class":58},[44,77831,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77833,140],{"class":139},[44,77835,127],{"class":58},[44,77837,4268],{"class":123},[44,77839,4521],{"class":58},[44,77841,63],{"class":62},[44,77843,1598],{"class":58},[44,77845,1517],{"class":62},[44,77847,4509],{"class":58},[20,77849,77850],{},"This returns:",[35,77852,77854],{"className":37,"code":77853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77855,77856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77857,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77859,4521],{"class":58},[44,77861,16372],{"class":62},[44,77863,66],{"class":58},[44,77865,8415],{"class":62},[44,77867,66],{"class":58},[44,77869,51468],{"class":62},[44,77871,1967],{"class":58},[20,77873,1801,77874,77876,77877,77879,77880,120],{},[197,77875,199],{}," include ",[15,77878,77418],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77881,1517],{},[1044,77883,77885],{"id":77884},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77887,17262],{},[35,77889,77891],{"className":37,"code":77890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77892,77893,77913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77894,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77896,884],{"class":50},[44,77898,55],{"class":54},[44,77900,1954],{"class":58},[44,77902,2958],{"class":62},[44,77904,66],{"class":58},[44,77906,8410],{"class":62},[44,77908,66],{"class":58},[44,77910,8415],{"class":62},[44,77912,1967],{"class":58},[44,77914,77915],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77916,77917],{"class":1992},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77919,77920],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,77922,77924],{"className":37,"code":77923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77925,77926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77927,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77929,140],{"class":139},[44,77931,127],{"class":58},[44,77933,4268],{"class":123},[44,77935,4521],{"class":58},[44,77937,63],{"class":62},[44,77939,1598],{"class":58},[44,77941,95],{"class":62},[44,77943,4509],{"class":58},[1044,77945,77947],{"id":77946},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77949,77950],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,77952,77954],{"className":37,"code":77953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77955,77956,77980,77994,77998,78008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77957,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77959,884],{"class":50},[44,77961,55],{"class":54},[44,77963,1954],{"class":58},[44,77965,2958],{"class":62},[44,77967,66],{"class":58},[44,77969,8410],{"class":62},[44,77971,66],{"class":58},[44,77973,8415],{"class":62},[44,77975,66],{"class":58},[44,77977,51468],{"class":62},[44,77979,1967],{"class":58},[44,77981,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,77983,76283],{"class":50},[44,77985,55],{"class":54},[44,77987,975],{"class":50},[44,77989,76159],{"class":58},[44,77991,339],{"class":62},[44,77993,1967],{"class":58},[44,77995,77996],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,77997,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,77999,78000,78002,78004,78006],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78001,140],{"class":139},[44,78003,127],{"class":58},[44,78005,76306],{"class":123},[44,78007,133],{"class":58},[44,78009,78010,78012,78014,78016],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,78011,140],{"class":139},[44,78013,127],{"class":58},[44,78015,4268],{"class":123},[44,78017,133],{"class":58},[20,78019,150],{},[35,78021,78023],{"className":37,"code":78022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78024,78025,78037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78026,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78028,4521],{"class":58},[44,78030,2958],{"class":62},[44,78032,66],{"class":58},[44,78034,8410],{"class":62},[44,78036,1967],{"class":58},[44,78038,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78040,4521],{"class":58},[44,78042,2958],{"class":62},[44,78044,66],{"class":58},[44,78046,8410],{"class":62},[44,78048,66],{"class":58},[44,78050,8415],{"class":62},[44,78052,66],{"class":58},[44,78054,51468],{"class":62},[44,78056,1967],{"class":58},[20,78058,78059],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1044,78061,78063,78064,9326,78066],{"id":78062},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,78065,76685],{},[15,78067,74150],{},[35,78069,78071],{"className":37,"code":78070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78072,78073,78093,78097,78114,78125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78074,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78076,884],{"class":50},[44,78078,55],{"class":54},[44,78080,1954],{"class":58},[44,78082,2958],{"class":62},[44,78084,66],{"class":58},[44,78086,8410],{"class":62},[44,78088,66],{"class":58},[44,78090,8415],{"class":62},[44,78092,1967],{"class":58},[44,78094,78095],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78096,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,78098,78099,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78100,78101],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,78103,55],{"class":54},[44,78105,975],{"class":50},[44,78107,74746],{"class":58},[44,78109,1316],{"class":54},[44,78111,63],{"class":62},[44,78113,1967],{"class":58},[44,78115,78116,78118,78120,78123],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78117,140],{"class":139},[44,78119,127],{"class":58},[44,78121,78122],{"class":123},"reversed_copy",[44,78124,133],{"class":58},[44,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,78128,140],{"class":139},[44,78130,127],{"class":58},[44,78132,4268],{"class":123},[44,78134,133],{"class":58},[20,78136,150],{},[35,78138,78140],{"className":37,"code":78139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78141,78142,78158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78143,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78145,4521],{"class":58},[44,78147,37464],{"class":62},[44,78149,66],{"class":58},[44,78151,8410],{"class":62},[44,78153,66],{"class":58},[44,78155,6622],{"class":62},[44,78157,1967],{"class":58},[44,78159,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78161,4521],{"class":58},[44,78163,2958],{"class":62},[44,78165,66],{"class":58},[44,78167,8410],{"class":62},[44,78169,66],{"class":58},[44,78171,8415],{"class":62},[44,78173,1967],{"class":58},[20,78175,78176,78179],{},[15,78177,78178],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78181,78182,78183,78186],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78184,78185],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1044,78188,78190],{"id":78189},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78192,78193],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,78195,78197],{"className":37,"code":78196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78198,78199,78219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78200,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78202,884],{"class":50},[44,78204,55],{"class":54},[44,78206,1954],{"class":58},[44,78208,2958],{"class":62},[44,78210,66],{"class":58},[44,78212,8410],{"class":62},[44,78214,66],{"class":58},[44,78216,8415],{"class":62},[44,78218,1967],{"class":58},[44,78220,78221],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78222,78223],{"class":1992},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78225,78226,78227,120],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78228,41327],{},[30,78230,78232],{"id":78231},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78234,78235],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[205,78237,78238,78245,78251,78254,78257],{},[208,78239,37826,78240,2495,78242,78244],{},[15,78241,36694],{},[15,78243,76050],{}," positions",[208,78246,78247,78248,78250],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78249,76050],{}," index is included",[208,78252,78253],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[208,78255,78256],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[208,78258,78259],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78261,78262],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,78264,78266],{"className":37,"code":78265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78267,78268,78278,78292,78310,78324,78341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78269,78270,78272,78274,78276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78271,140],{"class":139},[44,78273,127],{"class":58},[44,78275,8961],{"class":123},[44,78277,133],{"class":58},[44,78279,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78281,140],{"class":139},[44,78283,127],{"class":58},[44,78285,2441],{"class":139},[44,78287,127],{"class":58},[44,78289,8961],{"class":123},[44,78291,556],{"class":58},[44,78293,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78295,140],{"class":139},[44,78297,127],{"class":58},[44,78299,8961],{"class":123},[44,78301,4521],{"class":58},[44,78303,63],{"class":62},[44,78305,1598],{"class":58},[44,78307,1517],{"class":62},[44,78309,4509],{"class":58},[44,78311,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78313,140],{"class":139},[44,78315,127],{"class":58},[44,78317,8961],{"class":123},[44,78319,76159],{"class":58},[44,78321,95],{"class":62},[44,78323,4509],{"class":58},[44,78325,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,78327,140],{"class":139},[44,78329,127],{"class":58},[44,78331,8961],{"class":123},[44,78333,4521],{"class":58},[44,78335,1316],{"class":54},[44,78337,95],{"class":62},[44,78339,78340],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,78342,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,78344,140],{"class":139},[44,78346,127],{"class":58},[44,78348,8961],{"class":123},[44,78350,74746],{"class":58},[44,78352,1316],{"class":54},[44,78354,63],{"class":62},[44,78356,4509],{"class":58},[20,78358,863,78359,78361,78362,78366],{},[15,78360,42984],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[176,78363,78365],{"href":78364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,78368,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,78370,78372],{"id":78371},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78374,78375],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1044,78377,78379],{"id":78378},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78381,78382],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1044,78384,5760,78386,40583],{"id":78385},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78387,76685],{},[20,78389,78390],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1044,78392,78394,78395,1447],{"id":78393},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78396,71355],{},[20,78398,78399],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,78401,2528],{"id":2527},[205,78403,78404,78409,78414,78418,78422,78426],{},[208,78405,78406],{},[176,78407,78408],{"href":51604},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[208,78410,78411],{},[176,78412,78413],{"href":57778},"How to create a list in Python",[208,78415,78416],{},[176,78417,15583],{"href":57844},[208,78419,78420],{},[176,78421,75431],{"href":75430},[208,78423,78424],{},[176,78425,78365],{"href":78364},[208,78427,78428],{},[176,78429,69883],{"href":69882},[20,78431,78432,78433,78435],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78434,42984],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2554,78437,78438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":78440},[78441,78442,78443,78444,78445,78446,78449,78453,78461,78462,78470],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":76214,"depth":85,"text":76215},{"id":76377,"depth":85,"text":76378},{"id":76639,"depth":85,"text":76640},{"id":76933,"depth":85,"text":76934},{"id":77179,"depth":85,"text":77180,"children":78447},[78448],{"id":77437,"depth":109,"text":77438},{"id":77491,"depth":85,"text":77492,"children":78450},[78451,78452],{"id":77498,"depth":109,"text":77499},{"id":77559,"depth":109,"text":77560},{"id":77766,"depth":85,"text":15795,"children":78454},[78455,78456,78457,78458,78460],{"id":77795,"depth":109,"text":77796},{"id":77884,"depth":109,"text":77885},{"id":77946,"depth":109,"text":77947},{"id":78062,"depth":109,"text":78459},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78189,"depth":109,"text":78190},{"id":78231,"depth":85,"text":78232},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":78463},[78464,78465,78466,78468],{"id":78371,"depth":109,"text":78372},{"id":78378,"depth":109,"text":78379},{"id":78385,"depth":109,"text":78467},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78393,"depth":109,"text":78469},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":76037,"description":78471},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78478,"title":78479,"body":78480,"description":80549,"extension":2593,"meta":80550,"navigation":364,"path":80551,"seo":80552,"stem":80553,"__hash__":80554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78481,"toc":80515},[78482,78487,78493,78499,78501,78548,78555,78560,78564,78579,78582,78635,78637,78662,78667,78669,78701,78704,78720,78722,78783,78785,78810,78814,78819,78872,78874,78899,78904,78965,78967,78992,78995,79002,79006,79009,79070,79072,79105,79108,79169,79171,79204,79210,79283,79285,79317,79324,79329,79334,79336,79348,79351,79429,79431,79472,79475,79549,79551,79584,79589,79596,79603,79607,79616,79620,79628,79630,79697,79699,79735,79740,79751,79753,79758,79763,79765,79828,79830,79855,79862,79867,79871,79874,79914,79919,79925,79930,79932,79959,79964,79967,80014,80016,80073,80080,80085,80091,80160,80164,80167,80230,80232,80265,80270,80272,80275,80356,80358,80382,80388,80390,80395,80399,80406,80414,80418,80420,80443,80447,80449,80476,80479,80486,80489,80491,80512],[10,78483,54968,78485,18],{"id":78484},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78486,64935],{},[20,78488,78489,78492],{},[15,78490,78491],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78494,78495,78496,78498],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78497,64935],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,78500,2634],{"id":2633},[35,78502,78504],{"className":37,"code":78503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78505,78506,78526,78536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78507,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78509,884],{"class":50},[44,78511,55],{"class":54},[44,78513,1954],{"class":58},[44,78515,95],{"class":62},[44,78517,66],{"class":58},[44,78519,2212],{"class":62},[44,78521,66],{"class":58},[44,78523,69],{"class":62},[44,78525,1967],{"class":58},[44,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78529,4268],{"class":50},[44,78531,120],{"class":58},[44,78533,35419],{"class":123},[44,78535,571],{"class":58},[44,78537,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78539,140],{"class":139},[44,78541,127],{"class":58},[44,78543,4268],{"class":123},[44,78545,4281],{"class":58},[44,78547,55558],{"class":1992},[20,78549,1296,78550,78552,78553,120],{},[15,78551,78491],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78554,4398],{},[30,78556,186,78558,189],{"id":78557},"what-listsort-does",[15,78559,78491],{},[20,78561,78562,1598],{},[15,78563,78491],{},[205,78565,78566,78569,78572,78576],{},[208,78567,78568],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[208,78570,78571],{},"Changes the original list",[208,78573,12041,78574],{},[15,78575,4398],{},[208,78577,78578],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78580,78581],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,78583,78585],{"className":37,"code":78584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78586,78587,78611,78621,78625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78588,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78590,884],{"class":50},[44,78592,55],{"class":54},[44,78594,1954],{"class":58},[44,78596,357],{"class":62},[44,78598,66],{"class":58},[44,78600,69],{"class":62},[44,78602,66],{"class":58},[44,78604,54762],{"class":62},[44,78606,66],{"class":58},[44,78608,2212],{"class":62},[44,78610,1967],{"class":58},[44,78612,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78614,4268],{"class":50},[44,78616,120],{"class":58},[44,78618,35419],{"class":123},[44,78620,571],{"class":58},[44,78622,78623],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78624,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78628,140],{"class":139},[44,78630,127],{"class":58},[44,78632,4268],{"class":123},[44,78634,133],{"class":58},[20,78636,150],{},[35,78638,78640],{"className":37,"code":78639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78641,78642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78643,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78645,4521],{"class":58},[44,78647,63],{"class":62},[44,78649,66],{"class":58},[44,78651,69],{"class":62},[44,78653,66],{"class":58},[44,78655,104],{"class":62},[44,78657,66],{"class":58},[44,78659,54762],{"class":62},[44,78661,1967],{"class":58},[20,78663,78664,78665,120],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[176,78666,67701],{"href":51604},[30,78668,234],{"id":233},[35,78670,78672],{"className":37,"code":78671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78673,78674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78695,78697,78699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78677,8961],{"class":50},[44,78679,120],{"class":58},[44,78681,35419],{"class":123},[44,78683,127],{"class":58},[44,78685,15459],{"class":9798},[44,78687,55],{"class":54},[44,78689,4398],{"class":4471},[44,78691,66],{"class":58},[44,78693,78694],{"class":9798}," reverse",[44,78696,55],{"class":54},[44,78698,4294],{"class":4471},[44,78700,133],{"class":58},[20,78702,78703],{},"Main arguments:",[205,78705,78706,78711,78717],{},[208,78707,78708,78710],{},[15,78709,15459],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[208,78712,78713,78716],{},[15,78714,78715],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[208,78718,78719],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78721,295],{},[35,78723,78725],{"className":37,"code":78724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78726,78727,78751,78769,78773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78728,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78730,884],{"class":50},[44,78732,55],{"class":54},[44,78734,1954],{"class":58},[44,78736,1517],{"class":62},[44,78738,66],{"class":58},[44,78740,2212],{"class":62},[44,78742,66],{"class":58},[44,78744,960],{"class":62},[44,78746,66],{"class":58},[44,78748,69],{"class":62},[44,78750,1967],{"class":58},[44,78752,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78754,4268],{"class":50},[44,78756,120],{"class":58},[44,78758,35419],{"class":123},[44,78760,127],{"class":58},[44,78762,74201],{"class":9798},[44,78764,55],{"class":54},[44,78766,4226],{"class":4471},[44,78768,133],{"class":58},[44,78770,78771],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78772,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,78774,78775,78777,78779,78781],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78776,140],{"class":139},[44,78778,127],{"class":58},[44,78780,4268],{"class":123},[44,78782,133],{"class":58},[20,78784,150],{},[35,78786,78788],{"className":37,"code":78787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78789,78790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78791,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78793,4521],{"class":58},[44,78795,2655],{"class":62},[44,78797,66],{"class":58},[44,78799,79],{"class":62},[44,78801,66],{"class":58},[44,78803,69],{"class":62},[44,78805,66],{"class":58},[44,78807,2212],{"class":62},[44,78809,1967],{"class":58},[30,78811,78813],{"id":78812},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78815,1296,78816,78818],{},[15,78817,64935],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,78820,78822],{"className":37,"code":78821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78823,78824,78848,78858,78862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78825,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78827,884],{"class":50},[44,78829,55],{"class":54},[44,78831,1954],{"class":58},[44,78833,2958],{"class":62},[44,78835,66],{"class":58},[44,78837,74],{"class":62},[44,78839,66],{"class":58},[44,78841,6977],{"class":62},[44,78843,66],{"class":58},[44,78845,2212],{"class":62},[44,78847,1967],{"class":58},[44,78849,78850,78852,78854,78856],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78851,4268],{"class":50},[44,78853,120],{"class":58},[44,78855,35419],{"class":123},[44,78857,571],{"class":58},[44,78859,78860],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78861,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,78863,78864,78866,78868,78870],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78865,140],{"class":139},[44,78867,127],{"class":58},[44,78869,4268],{"class":123},[44,78871,133],{"class":58},[20,78873,150],{},[35,78875,78877],{"className":37,"code":78876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78878,78879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78880,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78882,4521],{"class":58},[44,78884,63],{"class":62},[44,78886,66],{"class":58},[44,78888,74],{"class":62},[44,78890,66],{"class":58},[44,78892,6977],{"class":62},[44,78894,66],{"class":58},[44,78896,6622],{"class":62},[44,78898,1967],{"class":58},[20,78900,1296,78901,78903],{},[15,78902,78715],{}," for descending order:",[35,78905,78907],{"className":37,"code":78906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78908,78909,78933,78951,78955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78912,884],{"class":50},[44,78914,55],{"class":54},[44,78916,1954],{"class":58},[44,78918,2958],{"class":62},[44,78920,66],{"class":58},[44,78922,74],{"class":62},[44,78924,66],{"class":58},[44,78926,6977],{"class":62},[44,78928,66],{"class":58},[44,78930,2212],{"class":62},[44,78932,1967],{"class":58},[44,78934,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,78936,4268],{"class":50},[44,78938,120],{"class":58},[44,78940,35419],{"class":123},[44,78942,127],{"class":58},[44,78944,74201],{"class":9798},[44,78946,55],{"class":54},[44,78948,4226],{"class":4471},[44,78950,133],{"class":58},[44,78952,78953],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,78954,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,78956,78957,78959,78961,78963],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,78958,140],{"class":139},[44,78960,127],{"class":58},[44,78962,4268],{"class":123},[44,78964,133],{"class":58},[20,78966,150],{},[35,78968,78970],{"className":37,"code":78969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78971,78972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78975,4521],{"class":58},[44,78977,2958],{"class":62},[44,78979,66],{"class":58},[44,78981,6977],{"class":62},[44,78983,66],{"class":58},[44,78985,74],{"class":62},[44,78987,66],{"class":58},[44,78989,2212],{"class":62},[44,78991,1967],{"class":58},[20,78993,78994],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78996,78997,78998,120],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[176,78999,79001],{"href":79000},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,79003,79005],{"id":79004},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,79007,79008],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,79010,79012],{"className":37,"code":79011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79013,79014,79046,79056,79060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79015,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79017,4692],{"class":50},[44,79019,55],{"class":54},[44,79021,1954],{"class":58},[44,79023,633],{"class":583},[44,79025,646],{"class":587},[44,79027,633],{"class":583},[44,79029,66],{"class":58},[44,79031,643],{"class":583},[44,79033,636],{"class":587},[44,79035,633],{"class":583},[44,79037,66],{"class":58},[44,79039,643],{"class":583},[44,79041,4717],{"class":587},[44,79043,633],{"class":583},[44,79045,1967],{"class":58},[44,79047,79048,79050,79052,79054],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79049,4734],{"class":50},[44,79051,120],{"class":58},[44,79053,35419],{"class":123},[44,79055,571],{"class":58},[44,79057,79058],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79059,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79061,79062,79064,79066,79068],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79063,140],{"class":139},[44,79065,127],{"class":58},[44,79067,4734],{"class":123},[44,79069,133],{"class":58},[20,79071,150],{},[35,79073,79075],{"className":37,"code":79074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79076,79077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79080,4521],{"class":58},[44,79082,590],{"class":583},[44,79084,636],{"class":587},[44,79086,590],{"class":583},[44,79088,66],{"class":58},[44,79090,584],{"class":583},[44,79092,646],{"class":587},[44,79094,590],{"class":583},[44,79096,66],{"class":58},[44,79098,584],{"class":583},[44,79100,4717],{"class":587},[44,79102,590],{"class":583},[44,79104,1967],{"class":58},[20,79106,79107],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,79109,79111],{"className":37,"code":79110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79112,79113,79145,79155,79159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79116,4692],{"class":50},[44,79118,55],{"class":54},[44,79120,1954],{"class":58},[44,79122,633],{"class":583},[44,79124,646],{"class":587},[44,79126,633],{"class":583},[44,79128,66],{"class":58},[44,79130,643],{"class":583},[44,79132,58393],{"class":587},[44,79134,633],{"class":583},[44,79136,66],{"class":58},[44,79138,643],{"class":583},[44,79140,4717],{"class":587},[44,79142,633],{"class":583},[44,79144,1967],{"class":58},[44,79146,79147,79149,79151,79153],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79148,4734],{"class":50},[44,79150,120],{"class":58},[44,79152,35419],{"class":123},[44,79154,571],{"class":58},[44,79156,79157],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79158,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79160,79161,79163,79165,79167],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79162,140],{"class":139},[44,79164,127],{"class":58},[44,79166,4734],{"class":123},[44,79168,133],{"class":58},[20,79170,150],{},[35,79172,79174],{"className":37,"code":79173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79175,79176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79179,4521],{"class":58},[44,79181,590],{"class":583},[44,79183,58393],{"class":587},[44,79185,590],{"class":583},[44,79187,66],{"class":58},[44,79189,584],{"class":583},[44,79191,646],{"class":587},[44,79193,590],{"class":583},[44,79195,66],{"class":58},[44,79197,584],{"class":583},[44,79199,4717],{"class":587},[44,79201,590],{"class":583},[44,79203,1967],{"class":58},[20,79205,79206,79207,1598],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79208,79209],{},"key=str.lower",[35,79211,79213],{"className":37,"code":79212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79214,79215,79247,79269,79273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79216,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79218,4692],{"class":50},[44,79220,55],{"class":54},[44,79222,1954],{"class":58},[44,79224,633],{"class":583},[44,79226,646],{"class":587},[44,79228,633],{"class":583},[44,79230,66],{"class":58},[44,79232,643],{"class":583},[44,79234,58393],{"class":587},[44,79236,633],{"class":583},[44,79238,66],{"class":58},[44,79240,643],{"class":583},[44,79242,4717],{"class":587},[44,79244,633],{"class":583},[44,79246,1967],{"class":58},[44,79248,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79250,4734],{"class":50},[44,79252,120],{"class":58},[44,79254,35419],{"class":123},[44,79256,127],{"class":58},[44,79258,15459],{"class":9798},[44,79260,55],{"class":54},[44,79262,4064],{"class":548},[44,79264,120],{"class":58},[44,79266,9262],{"class":25368},[44,79268,133],{"class":58},[44,79270,79271],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79272,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79274,79275,79277,79279,79281],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79276,140],{"class":139},[44,79278,127],{"class":58},[44,79280,4734],{"class":123},[44,79282,133],{"class":58},[20,79284,150],{},[35,79286,79287],{"className":37,"code":79173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79288,79289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79290,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79292,4521],{"class":58},[44,79294,590],{"class":583},[44,79296,58393],{"class":587},[44,79298,590],{"class":583},[44,79300,66],{"class":58},[44,79302,584],{"class":583},[44,79304,646],{"class":587},[44,79306,590],{"class":583},[44,79308,66],{"class":58},[44,79310,584],{"class":583},[44,79312,4717],{"class":587},[44,79314,590],{"class":583},[44,79316,1967],{"class":58},[20,79318,79319,79320,79323],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79321,79322],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,79325,37235,79327,37238],{"id":79326},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79328,15459],{},[20,79330,192,79331,79333],{},[15,79332,15459],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79335,7961],{},[205,79337,79338,79343],{},[208,79339,79340,79342],{},[15,79341,2441],{}," to sort by length",[208,79344,79345,79347],{},[15,79346,79322],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79349,79350],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,79352,79354],{"className":37,"code":79353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79355,79356,79397,79415,79419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79357,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79359,4692],{"class":50},[44,79361,55],{"class":54},[44,79363,1954],{"class":58},[44,79365,633],{"class":583},[44,79367,79368],{"class":587},"pear",[44,79370,633],{"class":583},[44,79372,66],{"class":58},[44,79374,643],{"class":583},[44,79376,646],{"class":587},[44,79378,633],{"class":583},[44,79380,66],{"class":58},[44,79382,643],{"class":583},[44,79384,38980],{"class":587},[44,79386,633],{"class":583},[44,79388,66],{"class":58},[44,79390,643],{"class":583},[44,79392,636],{"class":587},[44,79394,633],{"class":583},[44,79396,1967],{"class":58},[44,79398,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79400,4734],{"class":50},[44,79402,120],{"class":58},[44,79404,35419],{"class":123},[44,79406,127],{"class":58},[44,79408,15459],{"class":9798},[44,79410,55],{"class":54},[44,79412,2441],{"class":139},[44,79414,133],{"class":58},[44,79416,79417],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79418,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79422,140],{"class":139},[44,79424,127],{"class":58},[44,79426,4734],{"class":123},[44,79428,133],{"class":58},[20,79430,150],{},[35,79432,79434],{"className":37,"code":79433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79435,79436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79439,4521],{"class":58},[44,79441,590],{"class":583},[44,79443,38980],{"class":587},[44,79445,590],{"class":583},[44,79447,66],{"class":58},[44,79449,584],{"class":583},[44,79451,79368],{"class":587},[44,79453,590],{"class":583},[44,79455,66],{"class":58},[44,79457,584],{"class":583},[44,79459,636],{"class":587},[44,79461,590],{"class":583},[44,79463,66],{"class":58},[44,79465,584],{"class":583},[44,79467,646],{"class":587},[44,79469,590],{"class":583},[44,79471,1967],{"class":58},[20,79473,79474],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,79476,79478],{"className":37,"code":79477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79479,79480,79513,79535,79539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79481,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79509,79511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79483,4692],{"class":50},[44,79485,55],{"class":54},[44,79487,1954],{"class":58},[44,79489,633],{"class":583},[44,79491,5630],{"class":587},[44,79493,633],{"class":583},[44,79495,66],{"class":58},[44,79497,643],{"class":583},[44,79499,18421],{"class":587},[44,79501,633],{"class":583},[44,79503,66],{"class":58},[44,79505,643],{"class":583},[44,79507,79508],{"class":587},"Carol",[44,79510,633],{"class":583},[44,79512,1967],{"class":58},[44,79514,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79516,4734],{"class":50},[44,79518,120],{"class":58},[44,79520,35419],{"class":123},[44,79522,127],{"class":58},[44,79524,15459],{"class":9798},[44,79526,55],{"class":54},[44,79528,4064],{"class":548},[44,79530,120],{"class":58},[44,79532,9262],{"class":25368},[44,79534,133],{"class":58},[44,79536,79537],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79538,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79540,79541,79543,79545,79547],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79542,140],{"class":139},[44,79544,127],{"class":58},[44,79546,4734],{"class":123},[44,79548,133],{"class":58},[20,79550,150],{},[35,79552,79554],{"className":37,"code":79553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79555,79556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79557,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79559,4521],{"class":58},[44,79561,590],{"class":583},[44,79563,18421],{"class":587},[44,79565,590],{"class":583},[44,79567,66],{"class":58},[44,79569,584],{"class":583},[44,79571,5630],{"class":587},[44,79573,590],{"class":583},[44,79575,66],{"class":58},[44,79577,584],{"class":583},[44,79579,79508],{"class":587},[44,79581,590],{"class":583},[44,79583,1967],{"class":58},[20,79585,192,79586,79588],{},[15,79587,15459],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,79590,79592,1036,79594],{"id":79591},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79593,78491],{},[15,79595,75048],{},[20,79597,79598,2495,79600,79602],{},[15,79599,78491],{},[15,79601,75048],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79604,79605,1598],{},[15,79606,78491],{},[205,79608,79609,79612],{},[208,79610,79611],{},"Changes the existing list",[208,79613,12041,79614],{},[15,79615,4398],{},[20,79617,79618,1598],{},[15,79619,75048],{},[205,79621,79622,79625],{},[208,79623,79624],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[208,79626,79627],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79629,295],{},[35,79631,79633],{"className":37,"code":79632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79634,79635,79655,79659,79673,79677,79687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79636,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79638,884],{"class":50},[44,79640,55],{"class":54},[44,79642,1954],{"class":58},[44,79644,95],{"class":62},[44,79646,66],{"class":58},[44,79648,2212],{"class":62},[44,79650,66],{"class":58},[44,79652,69],{"class":62},[44,79654,1967],{"class":58},[44,79656,79657],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79658,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79660,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79662,56515],{"class":50},[44,79664,55],{"class":54},[44,79666,75182],{"class":139},[44,79668,127],{"class":58},[44,79670,4268],{"class":123},[44,79672,133],{"class":58},[44,79674,79675],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79676,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79678,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,79680,140],{"class":139},[44,79682,127],{"class":58},[44,79684,4268],{"class":123},[44,79686,133],{"class":58},[44,79688,79689,79691,79693,79695],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,79690,140],{"class":139},[44,79692,127],{"class":58},[44,79694,74905],{"class":123},[44,79696,133],{"class":58},[20,79698,150],{},[35,79700,79701],{"className":37,"code":75217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79702,79703,79719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79704,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79706,4521],{"class":58},[44,79708,95],{"class":62},[44,79710,66],{"class":58},[44,79712,2212],{"class":62},[44,79714,66],{"class":58},[44,79716,69],{"class":62},[44,79718,1967],{"class":58},[44,79720,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79722,4521],{"class":58},[44,79724,63],{"class":62},[44,79726,66],{"class":58},[44,79728,69],{"class":62},[44,79730,66],{"class":58},[44,79732,74],{"class":62},[44,79734,1967],{"class":58},[20,79736,1296,79737,79739],{},[15,79738,75048],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79741,79742,79743,2495,79747,120],{},"You can learn more in ",[176,79744,4197,79745,6401],{"href":75145},[15,79746,75048],{},[176,79748,79750],{"href":79749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,79752,3454],{"id":3453},[20,79754,79755,79756,120],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79757,78491],{},[1044,79759,13211,79761],{"id":79760},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79762,64935],{},[20,79764,26309],{},[35,79766,79768],{"className":37,"code":79767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79769,79770,79790,79804,79808,79818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79771,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79773,884],{"class":50},[44,79775,55],{"class":54},[44,79777,1954],{"class":58},[44,79779,95],{"class":62},[44,79781,66],{"class":58},[44,79783,2212],{"class":62},[44,79785,66],{"class":58},[44,79787,69],{"class":62},[44,79789,1967],{"class":58},[44,79791,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79793,112],{"class":50},[44,79795,55],{"class":54},[44,79797,975],{"class":50},[44,79799,120],{"class":58},[44,79801,35419],{"class":123},[44,79803,571],{"class":58},[44,79805,79806],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,79807,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,79809,79810,79812,79814,79816],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,79811,140],{"class":139},[44,79813,127],{"class":58},[44,79815,145],{"class":123},[44,79817,133],{"class":58},[44,79819,79820,79822,79824,79826],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,79821,140],{"class":139},[44,79823,127],{"class":58},[44,79825,4268],{"class":123},[44,79827,133],{"class":58},[20,79829,150],{},[35,79831,79833],{"className":37,"code":79832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79834,79835,79839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79836,79837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79838,12424],{"class":4471},[44,79840,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79842,4521],{"class":58},[44,79844,63],{"class":62},[44,79846,66],{"class":58},[44,79848,69],{"class":62},[44,79850,66],{"class":58},[44,79852,74],{"class":62},[44,79854,1967],{"class":58},[20,79856,79857,79859,79860,120],{},[15,79858,64935],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79861,4398],{},[20,79863,79864,79865,7248],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79866,75048],{},[1044,79868,79870],{"id":79869},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79872,79873],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,79875,79877],{"className":37,"code":79876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79878,79879,79904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79880,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79882,8399],{"class":50},[44,79884,55],{"class":54},[44,79886,1954],{"class":58},[44,79888,63],{"class":62},[44,79890,66],{"class":58},[44,79892,643],{"class":583},[44,79894,79895],{"class":587},"two",[44,79897,633],{"class":583},[44,79899,66],{"class":58},[44,79901,74],{"class":62},[44,79903,1967],{"class":58},[44,79905,79906,79908,79910,79912],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79907,8430],{"class":50},[44,79909,120],{"class":58},[44,79911,35419],{"class":123},[44,79913,571],{"class":58},[20,79915,3625,79916,79918],{},[15,79917,3628],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1044,79920,5321,79922,79924],{"id":79921},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79923,64935],{}," only works on lists",[20,79926,79927,79929],{},[15,79928,64935],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79931,17262],{},[35,79933,79935],{"className":37,"code":79934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79936,79937,79949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79938,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79940,35307],{"class":50},[44,79942,55],{"class":54},[44,79944,643],{"class":583},[44,79946,39],{"class":587},[44,79948,3979],{"class":583},[44,79950,79951,79953,79955,79957],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79952,35328],{"class":50},[44,79954,120],{"class":58},[44,79956,35419],{"class":123},[44,79958,571],{"class":58},[20,79960,79961,79962,1305],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79963,64935],{},[20,79965,79966],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79968,79970],{"className":37,"code":79969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79971,79972,79990,80000,80004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79973,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79975,36712],{"class":50},[44,79977,55],{"class":54},[44,79979,23177],{"class":548},[44,79981,127],{"class":58},[44,79983,633],{"class":583},[44,79985,39],{"class":587},[44,79987,633],{"class":583},[44,79989,133],{"class":58},[44,79991,79992,79994,79996,79998],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,79993,36765],{"class":50},[44,79995,120],{"class":58},[44,79997,35419],{"class":123},[44,79999,571],{"class":58},[44,80001,80002],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80003,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,80005,80006,80008,80010,80012],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,80007,140],{"class":139},[44,80009,127],{"class":58},[44,80011,36765],{"class":123},[44,80013,133],{"class":58},[20,80015,150],{},[35,80017,80019],{"className":37,"code":80018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,80020,80021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80022,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80024,4521],{"class":58},[44,80026,590],{"class":583},[44,80028,61061],{"class":587},[44,80030,590],{"class":583},[44,80032,66],{"class":58},[44,80034,584],{"class":583},[44,80036,76654],{"class":587},[44,80038,590],{"class":583},[44,80040,66],{"class":58},[44,80042,584],{"class":583},[44,80044,61096],{"class":587},[44,80046,590],{"class":583},[44,80048,66],{"class":58},[44,80050,584],{"class":583},[44,80052,20],{"class":587},[44,80054,590],{"class":583},[44,80056,66],{"class":58},[44,80058,584],{"class":583},[44,80060,63910],{"class":587},[44,80062,590],{"class":583},[44,80064,66],{"class":58},[44,80066,584],{"class":583},[44,80068,12361],{"class":587},[44,80070,590],{"class":583},[44,80072,1967],{"class":58},[1044,80074,80076,80077,80079],{"id":80075},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,80078,15459],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,80081,80082,80083,120],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,80084,15459],{},[20,80086,80087,80088,80090],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,80089,64935],{}," will not do that:",[35,80092,80094],{"className":37,"code":80093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80095,80096,80128,80146,80150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80097,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80099,4692],{"class":50},[44,80101,55],{"class":54},[44,80103,1954],{"class":58},[44,80105,633],{"class":583},[44,80107,646],{"class":587},[44,80109,633],{"class":583},[44,80111,66],{"class":58},[44,80113,643],{"class":583},[44,80115,38980],{"class":587},[44,80117,633],{"class":583},[44,80119,66],{"class":58},[44,80121,643],{"class":583},[44,80123,636],{"class":587},[44,80125,633],{"class":583},[44,80127,1967],{"class":58},[44,80129,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,80131,4734],{"class":50},[44,80133,120],{"class":58},[44,80135,35419],{"class":123},[44,80137,127],{"class":58},[44,80139,15459],{"class":9798},[44,80141,55],{"class":54},[44,80143,2441],{"class":139},[44,80145,133],{"class":58},[44,80147,80148],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80149,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,80151,80152,80154,80156,80158],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,80153,140],{"class":139},[44,80155,127],{"class":58},[44,80157,4734],{"class":123},[44,80159,133],{"class":58},[1044,80161,80163],{"id":80162},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80165,80166],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,80168,80170],{"className":37,"code":80169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80171,80172,80206,80216,80220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80173,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80202,80204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80175,4692],{"class":50},[44,80177,55],{"class":54},[44,80179,1954],{"class":58},[44,80181,633],{"class":583},[44,80183,80184],{"class":587},"zebra",[44,80186,633],{"class":583},[44,80188,66],{"class":58},[44,80190,643],{"class":583},[44,80192,58393],{"class":587},[44,80194,633],{"class":583},[44,80196,66],{"class":58},[44,80198,643],{"class":583},[44,80200,80201],{"class":587},"monkey",[44,80203,633],{"class":583},[44,80205,1967],{"class":58},[44,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,80209,4734],{"class":50},[44,80211,120],{"class":58},[44,80213,35419],{"class":123},[44,80215,571],{"class":58},[44,80217,80218],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80219,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,80221,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,80223,140],{"class":139},[44,80225,127],{"class":58},[44,80227,4734],{"class":123},[44,80229,133],{"class":58},[20,80231,150],{},[35,80233,80235],{"className":37,"code":80234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80236,80237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80238,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80240,4521],{"class":58},[44,80242,590],{"class":583},[44,80244,58393],{"class":587},[44,80246,590],{"class":583},[44,80248,66],{"class":58},[44,80250,584],{"class":583},[44,80252,80201],{"class":587},[44,80254,590],{"class":583},[44,80256,66],{"class":58},[44,80258,584],{"class":583},[44,80260,80184],{"class":587},[44,80262,590],{"class":583},[44,80264,1967],{"class":58},[20,80266,1296,80267,80269],{},[15,80268,79209],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1044,80271,61333],{"id":61332},[20,80273,80274],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,80276,80278],{"className":37,"code":80277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80279,80280,80290,80304,80318,80332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80281,80282,80284,80286,80288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80283,140],{"class":139},[44,80285,127],{"class":58},[44,80287,8961],{"class":123},[44,80289,133],{"class":58},[44,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,80293,140],{"class":139},[44,80295,127],{"class":58},[44,80297,549],{"class":548},[44,80299,127],{"class":58},[44,80301,8961],{"class":123},[44,80303,556],{"class":58},[44,80305,80306,80308,80310,80312,80314,80316],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80307,140],{"class":139},[44,80309,127],{"class":58},[44,80311,8961],{"class":123},[44,80313,120],{"class":58},[44,80315,35419],{"class":123},[44,80317,7812],{"class":58},[44,80319,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,80321,140],{"class":139},[44,80323,127],{"class":58},[44,80325,75138],{"class":139},[44,80327,127],{"class":58},[44,80329,8961],{"class":123},[44,80331,556],{"class":58},[44,80333,80334,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,80335,140],{"class":139},[44,80337,3609],{"class":58},[44,80339,549],{"class":548},[44,80341,127],{"class":58},[44,80343,23928],{"class":123},[44,80345,4281],{"class":58},[44,80347,4497],{"class":4496},[44,80349,6579],{"class":123},[44,80351,4503],{"class":4496},[44,80353,9018],{"class":123},[44,80355,4509],{"class":58},[20,80357,2458],{},[205,80359,80360,80363,80366,80373,80379],{},[208,80361,80362],{},"What values are in the list",[208,80364,80365],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[208,80367,80368,80369,3025,80371],{},"That ",[15,80370,64935],{},[15,80372,4398],{},[208,80374,80375,80376,80378],{},"Whether ",[15,80377,75048],{}," works better for your case",[208,80380,80381],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80383,80384,80385,80387],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80386,3628],{}," problems.",[30,80389,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,80391,2482,80393,56094],{"id":80392},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80394,78491],{},[20,80396,63226,80397,120],{},[15,80398,4398],{},[1044,80400,2492,80402,2495,80404,1447],{"id":80401},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80403,64935],{},[15,80405,75048],{},[20,80407,80408,80410,80411,80413],{},[15,80409,64935],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80412,75048],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1044,80415,80417],{"id":80416},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80419,19313],{},[35,80421,80423],{"className":37,"code":80422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80424,80425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80426,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80428,8961],{"class":50},[44,80430,120],{"class":58},[44,80432,35419],{"class":123},[44,80434,127],{"class":58},[44,80436,74201],{"class":9798},[44,80438,55],{"class":54},[44,80440,4226],{"class":4471},[44,80442,133],{"class":58},[1044,80444,80446],{"id":80445},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80448,19313],{},[35,80450,80452],{"className":37,"code":80451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80453,80454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80455,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470,80472,80474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80457,8961],{"class":50},[44,80459,120],{"class":58},[44,80461,35419],{"class":123},[44,80463,127],{"class":58},[44,80465,15459],{"class":9798},[44,80467,55],{"class":54},[44,80469,4064],{"class":548},[44,80471,120],{"class":58},[44,80473,9262],{"class":25368},[44,80475,133],{"class":58},[20,80477,80478],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1044,80480,80482,80483,80485],{"id":80481},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80484,3628],{}," when sorting?",[20,80487,80488],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,80490,2528],{"id":2527},[205,80492,80493,80498,80504,80508],{},[208,80494,80495],{},[176,80496,80497],{"href":79000},"How to sort a list in Python",[208,80499,80500],{},[176,80501,4197,80502,6401],{"href":75145},[15,80503,75048],{},[208,80505,80506],{},[176,80507,67701],{"href":51604},[208,80509,80510],{},[176,80511,79750],{"href":79749},[2554,80513,80514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":80516},[80517,80518,80520,80521,80522,80523,80525,80527,80538,80548],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":78557,"depth":85,"text":80519},"What list.sort() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":78812,"depth":85,"text":78813},{"id":79004,"depth":85,"text":79005},{"id":79326,"depth":85,"text":80524},"Using the key argument",{"id":79591,"depth":85,"text":80526},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":80528},[80529,80531,80532,80534,80536,80537],{"id":79760,"depth":109,"text":80530},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79869,"depth":109,"text":79870},{"id":79921,"depth":109,"text":80533},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80075,"depth":109,"text":80535},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80162,"depth":109,"text":80163},{"id":61332,"depth":109,"text":61333},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":80539},[80540,80542,80544,80545,80546],{"id":80392,"depth":109,"text":80541},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80401,"depth":109,"text":80543},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80416,"depth":109,"text":80417},{"id":80445,"depth":109,"text":80446},{"id":80481,"depth":109,"text":80547},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78479,"description":80549},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80556,"title":80557,"body":80558,"description":83188,"extension":2593,"meta":83189,"navigation":364,"path":83190,"seo":83191,"stem":83192,"__hash__":83193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80559,"toc":83147},[80560,80565,80570,80573,80584,80587,80607,80609,80671,80673,80714,80723,80728,80733,80739,80750,80752,80771,80774,80779,80784,80786,80791,80805,80807,80825,80828,80845,80848,80854,80877,80882,80884,80887,80948,80950,80983,80985,81024,81032,81042,81048,81053,81146,81148,81172,81174,81192,81195,81225,81231,81236,81239,81241,81366,81368,81392,81394,81413,81419,81425,81544,81546,81563,81570,81576,81581,81588,81594,81596,81653,81656,81677,81680,81683,81744,81746,81779,81783,81853,81855,81872,81876,81879,81954,81956,81993,81996,81999,82070,82072,82133,82138,82143,82146,82160,82162,82235,82237,82257,82260,82263,82320,82382,82385,82417,82420,82435,82440,82442,82448,82451,82507,82510,82512,82531,82535,82537,82581,82590,82592,82652,82656,82659,82661,82754,82756,82871,82875,82877,82951,82954,82957,82959,82964,83029,83031,83055,83065,83067,83073,83082,83091,83100,83106,83109,83113,83116,83118,83144],[10,80561,4197,80563,4201],{"id":80562},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80564,40339],{},[20,80566,4204,80567,80569],{},[15,80568,40339],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80571,80572],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[205,80574,80575,80578,80581],{},[208,80576,80577],{},"converting numbers to strings",[208,80579,80580],{},"changing strings to integers",[208,80582,80583],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80585,80586],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[205,80588,80589,80596,80602],{},[208,80590,80591,14671,80593,80595],{},[15,80592,40339],{},[197,80594,199],{}," return a list in Python 3",[208,80597,80598,80599],{},"it returns a ",[197,80600,80601],{},"map object",[208,80603,80604,80605],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80606,25399],{},[30,80608,2634],{"id":2633},[35,80610,80612],{"className":37,"code":80611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80613,80614,80638,80657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80615,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80617,884],{"class":50},[44,80619,55],{"class":54},[44,80621,1954],{"class":58},[44,80623,63],{"class":62},[44,80625,66],{"class":58},[44,80627,69],{"class":62},[44,80629,66],{"class":58},[44,80631,74],{"class":62},[44,80633,66],{"class":58},[44,80635,79],{"class":62},[44,80637,1967],{"class":58},[44,80639,80640,80642,80644,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,80641,112],{"class":50},[44,80643,55],{"class":54},[44,80645,80646],{"class":139}," map",[44,80648,127],{"class":58},[44,80650,4064],{"class":548},[44,80652,66],{"class":58},[44,80654,975],{"class":123},[44,80656,133],{"class":58},[44,80658,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80660,140],{"class":139},[44,80662,127],{"class":58},[44,80664,8715],{"class":548},[44,80666,127],{"class":58},[44,80668,145],{"class":123},[44,80670,556],{"class":58},[20,80672,150],{},[35,80674,80676],{"className":37,"code":80675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80677,80678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80679,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700,80702,80704,80706,80708,80710,80712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80681,4521],{"class":58},[44,80683,590],{"class":583},[44,80685,63],{"class":587},[44,80687,590],{"class":583},[44,80689,66],{"class":58},[44,80691,584],{"class":583},[44,80693,339],{"class":587},[44,80695,590],{"class":583},[44,80697,66],{"class":58},[44,80699,584],{"class":583},[44,80701,95],{"class":587},[44,80703,590],{"class":583},[44,80705,66],{"class":58},[44,80707,584],{"class":583},[44,80709,1517],{"class":587},[44,80711,590],{"class":583},[44,80713,1967],{"class":58},[20,80715,1296,80716,80719,80720,80722],{},[15,80717,80718],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80721,25399],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,80724,186,80726,189],{"id":80725},"what-map-does",[15,80727,40339],{},[20,80729,80730,80732],{},[15,80731,40339],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80734,80735,80736,80738],{},"An ",[197,80737,4340],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[205,80740,80741,80743,80745,80747],{},[208,80742,38523],{},[208,80744,38526],{},[208,80746,38529],{},[208,80748,80749],{},"a range object",[20,80751,31344],{},[35,80753,80755],{"className":37,"code":80754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80756,80757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80758,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80760,40482],{"class":139},[44,80762,127],{"class":58},[44,80764,38482],{"class":123},[44,80766,66],{"class":58},[44,80768,38487],{"class":123},[44,80770,133],{"class":58},[20,80772,80773],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80775,80776,80777,34360],{},"Important: the result is a ",[197,80778,80601],{},[20,80780,80781,80782,120],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[176,80783,5754],{"href":5753},[30,80785,234],{"id":233},[20,80787,80788,80790],{},[15,80789,40339],{}," needs at least two parts:",[205,80792,80793,80799],{},[208,80794,80795,80798],{},[197,80796,80797],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[208,80800,80801,80804],{},[197,80802,80803],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80806,4325],{},[35,80808,80809],{"className":37,"code":80754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80810,80811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80812,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80814,40482],{"class":139},[44,80816,127],{"class":58},[44,80818,38482],{"class":123},[44,80820,66],{"class":58},[44,80822,38487],{"class":123},[44,80824,133],{"class":58},[20,80826,80827],{},"You can pass:",[205,80829,80830,80839,80842],{},[208,80831,80832,80833,2817,80835,2821,80837],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80834,4064],{},[15,80836,2816],{},[15,80838,2648],{},[208,80840,80841],{},"your own custom function",[208,80843,80844],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80846,80847],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80849,80850,80851,80853],{},"You will often see ",[15,80852,40339],{}," used like this:",[35,80855,80857],{"className":37,"code":80856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80858,80859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80860,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80862,8715],{"class":548},[44,80864,127],{"class":58},[44,80866,40482],{"class":139},[44,80868,127],{"class":58},[44,80870,38482],{"class":123},[44,80872,66],{"class":58},[44,80874,4506],{"class":123},[44,80876,556],{"class":58},[20,80878,7294,80879,80881],{},[15,80880,25399],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,80883,613],{"id":612},[20,80885,80886],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,80888,80890],{"className":37,"code":80889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80891,80892,80912,80930,80934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80893,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80895,884],{"class":50},[44,80897,55],{"class":54},[44,80899,1954],{"class":58},[44,80901,2958],{"class":62},[44,80903,66],{"class":58},[44,80905,8410],{"class":62},[44,80907,66],{"class":58},[44,80909,8415],{"class":62},[44,80911,1967],{"class":58},[44,80913,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,80915,112],{"class":50},[44,80917,55],{"class":54},[44,80919,80646],{"class":139},[44,80921,127],{"class":58},[44,80923,4064],{"class":548},[44,80925,66],{"class":58},[44,80927,975],{"class":123},[44,80929,133],{"class":58},[44,80931,80932],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,80933,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,80935,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,80937,140],{"class":139},[44,80939,127],{"class":58},[44,80941,8715],{"class":548},[44,80943,127],{"class":58},[44,80945,145],{"class":123},[44,80947,556],{"class":58},[20,80949,150],{},[35,80951,80953],{"className":37,"code":80952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80954,80955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80956,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80958,4521],{"class":58},[44,80960,590],{"class":583},[44,80962,2958],{"class":587},[44,80964,590],{"class":583},[44,80966,66],{"class":58},[44,80968,584],{"class":583},[44,80970,16372],{"class":587},[44,80972,590],{"class":583},[44,80974,66],{"class":58},[44,80976,584],{"class":583},[44,80978,37464],{"class":587},[44,80980,590],{"class":583},[44,80982,1967],{"class":58},[20,80984,832],{},[205,80986,80987,80992,81000,81008,81016],{},[208,80988,80989,80991],{},[15,80990,4268],{}," contains integers",[208,80993,80994,80997,80998],{},[15,80995,80996],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80999,48307],{},[208,81001,81002,42778,81005],{},[15,81003,81004],{},"str(10)",[15,81006,81007],{},"'10'",[208,81009,81010,42778,81013],{},[15,81011,81012],{},"str(20)",[15,81014,81015],{},"'20'",[208,81017,81018,42778,81021],{},[15,81019,81020],{},"str(30)",[15,81022,81023],{},"'30'",[20,81025,54279,81026,81028,81029,81031],{},[15,81027,40339],{}," applies ",[15,81030,48307],{}," one item at a time.",[20,81033,81034,81035,81037,81038,120],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,81036,25399],{}," better, see ",[176,81039,4197,81040,4130],{"href":65471},[15,81041,25399],{},[30,81043,863,81045,81047],{"id":81044},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,81046,40339],{}," with your own function",[20,81049,16332,81050,81052],{},[15,81051,40339],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,81054,81056],{"className":37,"code":81055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81057,81058,81071,81081,81085,81109,81128,81132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81059,81060,81062,81065,81067,81069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81061,35471],{"class":579},[44,81063,81064],{"class":35474}," double",[44,81066,127],{"class":58},[44,81068,2801],{"class":38284},[44,81070,8964],{"class":58},[44,81072,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81074,35482],{"class":4496},[44,81076,4500],{"class":50},[44,81078,40495],{"class":54},[44,81080,46212],{"class":62},[44,81082,81083],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81084,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81086,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81088,884],{"class":50},[44,81090,55],{"class":54},[44,81092,1954],{"class":58},[44,81094,63],{"class":62},[44,81096,66],{"class":58},[44,81098,69],{"class":62},[44,81100,66],{"class":58},[44,81102,74],{"class":62},[44,81104,66],{"class":58},[44,81106,79],{"class":62},[44,81108,1967],{"class":58},[44,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81122,81124,81126],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,81112,112],{"class":50},[44,81114,55],{"class":54},[44,81116,80646],{"class":139},[44,81118,127],{"class":58},[44,81120,81121],{"class":123},"double",[44,81123,66],{"class":58},[44,81125,975],{"class":123},[44,81127,133],{"class":58},[44,81129,81130],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,81131,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81133,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,81135,140],{"class":139},[44,81137,127],{"class":58},[44,81139,8715],{"class":548},[44,81141,127],{"class":58},[44,81143,145],{"class":123},[44,81145,556],{"class":58},[20,81147,150],{},[35,81149,81150],{"className":37,"code":40508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81151,81152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81153,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81155,4521],{"class":58},[44,81157,339],{"class":62},[44,81159,66],{"class":58},[44,81161,79],{"class":62},[44,81163,66],{"class":58},[44,81165,911],{"class":62},[44,81167,66],{"class":58},[44,81169,6977],{"class":62},[44,81171,1967],{"class":58},[20,81173,66208],{},[205,81175,81176,81183,81189],{},[208,81177,81178,81180,81181],{},[15,81179,40339],{}," takes the function ",[15,81182,81121],{},[208,81184,81185,81186,81188],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81187,4268],{}," into that function",[208,81190,81191],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81193,81194],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[205,81196,81197,81204,81211,81218],{},[208,81198,81199,6690,81202],{},[15,81200,81201],{},"double(1)",[15,81203,339],{},[208,81205,81206,6690,81209],{},[15,81207,81208],{},"double(2)",[15,81210,1517],{},[208,81212,81213,6690,81216],{},[15,81214,81215],{},"double(3)",[15,81217,955],{},[208,81219,81220,6690,81223],{},[15,81221,81222],{},"double(4)",[15,81224,2973],{},[30,81226,863,81228,81230],{"id":81227},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81229,40339],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81232,81233,81235],{},[15,81234,40339],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81237,81238],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81240,295],{},[35,81242,81244],{"className":37,"code":81243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81245,81246,81263,81273,81277,81298,81319,81323,81348,81352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81247,81248,81250,81253,81255,81257,81259,81261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81249,35471],{"class":579},[44,81251,81252],{"class":35474}," add_numbers",[44,81254,127],{"class":58},[44,81256,176],{"class":38284},[44,81258,66],{"class":58},[44,81260,1405],{"class":38284},[44,81262,8964],{"class":58},[44,81264,81265,81267,81269,81271],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81266,35482],{"class":4496},[44,81268,45168],{"class":50},[44,81270,2689],{"class":54},[44,81272,36804],{"class":50},[44,81274,81275],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81276,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81278,81279,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81280,81281],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,81283,55],{"class":54},[44,81285,1954],{"class":58},[44,81287,63],{"class":62},[44,81289,66],{"class":58},[44,81291,69],{"class":62},[44,81293,66],{"class":58},[44,81295,74],{"class":62},[44,81297,1967],{"class":58},[44,81299,81300,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,81301,81302],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,81304,55],{"class":54},[44,81306,1954],{"class":58},[44,81308,2958],{"class":62},[44,81310,66],{"class":58},[44,81312,8410],{"class":62},[44,81314,66],{"class":58},[44,81316,8415],{"class":62},[44,81318,1967],{"class":58},[44,81320,81321],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,81322,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81324,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81336,81338,81341,81343,81346],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,81326,112],{"class":50},[44,81328,55],{"class":54},[44,81330,80646],{"class":139},[44,81332,127],{"class":58},[44,81334,81335],{"class":123},"add_numbers",[44,81337,66],{"class":58},[44,81339,81340],{"class":123}," list1",[44,81342,66],{"class":58},[44,81344,81345],{"class":123}," list2",[44,81347,133],{"class":58},[44,81349,81350],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,81351,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81353,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,81355,140],{"class":139},[44,81357,127],{"class":58},[44,81359,8715],{"class":548},[44,81361,127],{"class":58},[44,81363,145],{"class":123},[44,81365,556],{"class":58},[20,81367,150],{},[35,81369,81371],{"className":37,"code":81370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81372,81373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81374,81375,81377,81380,81382,81385,81387,81390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81376,4521],{"class":58},[44,81378,81379],{"class":62},"11",[44,81381,66],{"class":58},[44,81383,81384],{"class":62}," 22",[44,81386,66],{"class":58},[44,81388,81389],{"class":62}," 33",[44,81391,1967],{"class":58},[20,81393,2806],{},[205,81395,81396,81402,81408],{},[208,81397,81398,81399],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81400,81401],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[208,81403,81404,81405],{},"then ",[15,81406,81407],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[208,81409,81404,81410],{},[15,81411,81412],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1044,81414,81416,81418],{"id":81415},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81417,40339],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81420,81421,81422,81424],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81423,40339],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,81426,81428],{"className":37,"code":81427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81429,81430,81446,81456,81460,81484,81500,81504,81526,81530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81431,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81433,35471],{"class":579},[44,81435,81252],{"class":35474},[44,81437,127],{"class":58},[44,81439,176],{"class":38284},[44,81441,66],{"class":58},[44,81443,1405],{"class":38284},[44,81445,8964],{"class":58},[44,81447,81448,81450,81452,81454],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81449,35482],{"class":4496},[44,81451,45168],{"class":50},[44,81453,2689],{"class":54},[44,81455,36804],{"class":50},[44,81457,81458],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81459,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81461,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81463,81281],{"class":50},[44,81465,55],{"class":54},[44,81467,1954],{"class":58},[44,81469,63],{"class":62},[44,81471,66],{"class":58},[44,81473,69],{"class":62},[44,81475,66],{"class":58},[44,81477,74],{"class":62},[44,81479,66],{"class":58},[44,81481,79],{"class":62},[44,81483,1967],{"class":58},[44,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,81487,81302],{"class":50},[44,81489,55],{"class":54},[44,81491,1954],{"class":58},[44,81493,2958],{"class":62},[44,81495,66],{"class":58},[44,81497,8410],{"class":62},[44,81499,1967],{"class":58},[44,81501,81502],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,81503,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81505,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,81507,112],{"class":50},[44,81509,55],{"class":54},[44,81511,80646],{"class":139},[44,81513,127],{"class":58},[44,81515,81335],{"class":123},[44,81517,66],{"class":58},[44,81519,81340],{"class":123},[44,81521,66],{"class":58},[44,81523,81345],{"class":123},[44,81525,133],{"class":58},[44,81527,81528],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,81529,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81531,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,81533,140],{"class":139},[44,81535,127],{"class":58},[44,81537,8715],{"class":548},[44,81539,127],{"class":58},[44,81541,145],{"class":123},[44,81543,556],{"class":58},[20,81545,150],{},[35,81547,81549],{"className":37,"code":81548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81550,81551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81554,4521],{"class":58},[44,81556,81379],{"class":62},[44,81558,66],{"class":58},[44,81560,81384],{"class":62},[44,81562,1967],{"class":58},[20,81564,81565,81566,81569],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81567,81568],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,81571,81573,81575],{"id":81572},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81574,40339],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81577,38645,81578,81580],{},[15,81579,40339],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81582,81583,81584,81587],{},"This object is ",[197,81585,81586],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1044,81589,3116,81591,81593],{"id":81590},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81592,33647],{}," looks strange",[20,81595,34261],{},[35,81597,81599],{"className":37,"code":81598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81600,81601,81621,81639,81643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81602,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81604,884],{"class":50},[44,81606,55],{"class":54},[44,81608,1954],{"class":58},[44,81610,63],{"class":62},[44,81612,66],{"class":58},[44,81614,69],{"class":62},[44,81616,66],{"class":58},[44,81618,74],{"class":62},[44,81620,1967],{"class":58},[44,81622,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81624,112],{"class":50},[44,81626,55],{"class":54},[44,81628,80646],{"class":139},[44,81630,127],{"class":58},[44,81632,4064],{"class":548},[44,81634,66],{"class":58},[44,81636,975],{"class":123},[44,81638,133],{"class":58},[44,81640,81641],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81642,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81646,140],{"class":139},[44,81648,127],{"class":58},[44,81650,145],{"class":123},[44,81652,133],{"class":58},[20,81654,81655],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,81657,81659],{"className":37,"code":81658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81660,81661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81662,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81664,576],{"class":54},[44,81666,40482],{"class":139},[44,81668,25235],{"class":548},[44,81670,37986],{"class":50},[44,81672,37990],{"class":37989},[44,81674,37993],{"class":35072},[44,81676,593],{"class":54},[20,81678,81679],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81681,81682],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,81684,81686],{"className":37,"code":81685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81687,81688,81708,81726,81730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81689,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81691,884],{"class":50},[44,81693,55],{"class":54},[44,81695,1954],{"class":58},[44,81697,63],{"class":62},[44,81699,66],{"class":58},[44,81701,69],{"class":62},[44,81703,66],{"class":58},[44,81705,74],{"class":62},[44,81707,1967],{"class":58},[44,81709,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81711,112],{"class":50},[44,81713,55],{"class":54},[44,81715,80646],{"class":139},[44,81717,127],{"class":58},[44,81719,4064],{"class":548},[44,81721,66],{"class":58},[44,81723,975],{"class":123},[44,81725,133],{"class":58},[44,81727,81728],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81729,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81731,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81733,140],{"class":139},[44,81735,127],{"class":58},[44,81737,8715],{"class":548},[44,81739,127],{"class":58},[44,81741,145],{"class":123},[44,81743,556],{"class":58},[20,81745,150],{},[35,81747,81749],{"className":37,"code":81748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81750,81751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81752,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81754,4521],{"class":58},[44,81756,590],{"class":583},[44,81758,63],{"class":587},[44,81760,590],{"class":583},[44,81762,66],{"class":58},[44,81764,584],{"class":583},[44,81766,339],{"class":587},[44,81768,590],{"class":583},[44,81770,66],{"class":58},[44,81772,584],{"class":583},[44,81774,95],{"class":587},[44,81776,590],{"class":583},[44,81778,1967],{"class":58},[1044,81780,81782],{"id":81781},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,81784,81786],{"className":37,"code":81785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81787,81788,81808,81826,81830,81843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81789,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81791,884],{"class":50},[44,81793,55],{"class":54},[44,81795,1954],{"class":58},[44,81797,63],{"class":62},[44,81799,66],{"class":58},[44,81801,69],{"class":62},[44,81803,66],{"class":58},[44,81805,74],{"class":62},[44,81807,1967],{"class":58},[44,81809,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81811,112],{"class":50},[44,81813,55],{"class":54},[44,81815,80646],{"class":139},[44,81817,127],{"class":58},[44,81819,4064],{"class":548},[44,81821,66],{"class":58},[44,81823,975],{"class":123},[44,81825,133],{"class":58},[44,81827,81828],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81829,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81831,81832,81834,81836,81838,81841],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81833,6576],{"class":4496},[44,81835,6579],{"class":50},[44,81837,4503],{"class":4496},[44,81839,81840],{"class":50}," result",[44,81842,7011],{"class":58},[44,81844,81845,81847,81849,81851],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,81846,8690],{"class":139},[44,81848,127],{"class":58},[44,81850,23928],{"class":123},[44,81852,133],{"class":58},[20,81854,150],{},[35,81856,81858],{"className":37,"code":81857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81859,81860,81864,81868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81861,81862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81863,47540],{"class":62},[44,81865,81866],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81867,17675],{"class":62},[44,81869,81870],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81871,47240],{"class":62},[1044,81873,81875],{"id":81874},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81877,81878],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,81880,81882],{"className":37,"code":81881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81883,81884,81904,81922,81926,81940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81885,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81887,884],{"class":50},[44,81889,55],{"class":54},[44,81891,1954],{"class":58},[44,81893,63],{"class":62},[44,81895,66],{"class":58},[44,81897,69],{"class":62},[44,81899,66],{"class":58},[44,81901,74],{"class":62},[44,81903,1967],{"class":58},[44,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81907,112],{"class":50},[44,81909,55],{"class":54},[44,81911,80646],{"class":139},[44,81913,127],{"class":58},[44,81915,4064],{"class":548},[44,81917,66],{"class":58},[44,81919,975],{"class":123},[44,81921,133],{"class":58},[44,81923,81924],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,81925,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,81927,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,81929,140],{"class":139},[44,81931,127],{"class":58},[44,81933,8715],{"class":548},[44,81935,127],{"class":58},[44,81937,145],{"class":123},[44,81939,556],{"class":58},[44,81941,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,81943,140],{"class":139},[44,81945,127],{"class":58},[44,81947,8715],{"class":548},[44,81949,127],{"class":58},[44,81951,145],{"class":123},[44,81953,556],{"class":58},[20,81955,150],{},[35,81957,81959],{"className":37,"code":81958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81960,81961,81989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81962,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81964,4521],{"class":58},[44,81966,590],{"class":583},[44,81968,63],{"class":587},[44,81970,590],{"class":583},[44,81972,66],{"class":58},[44,81974,584],{"class":583},[44,81976,339],{"class":587},[44,81978,590],{"class":583},[44,81980,66],{"class":58},[44,81982,584],{"class":583},[44,81984,95],{"class":587},[44,81986,590],{"class":583},[44,81988,1967],{"class":58},[44,81990,81991],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,81992,38919],{"class":58},[20,81994,81995],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81997,81998],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,82000,82002],{"className":37,"code":82001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,82003,82004,82024,82046,82050,82060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82005,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82007,884],{"class":50},[44,82009,55],{"class":54},[44,82011,1954],{"class":58},[44,82013,63],{"class":62},[44,82015,66],{"class":58},[44,82017,69],{"class":62},[44,82019,66],{"class":58},[44,82021,74],{"class":62},[44,82023,1967],{"class":58},[44,82025,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82027,112],{"class":50},[44,82029,55],{"class":54},[44,82031,23177],{"class":548},[44,82033,127],{"class":58},[44,82035,40482],{"class":139},[44,82037,127],{"class":58},[44,82039,4064],{"class":548},[44,82041,66],{"class":58},[44,82043,975],{"class":123},[44,82045,556],{"class":58},[44,82047,82048],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82049,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82051,82052,82054,82056,82058],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82053,140],{"class":139},[44,82055,127],{"class":58},[44,82057,145],{"class":123},[44,82059,133],{"class":58},[44,82061,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,82063,140],{"class":139},[44,82065,127],{"class":58},[44,82067,145],{"class":123},[44,82069,133],{"class":58},[20,82071,150],{},[35,82073,82075],{"className":37,"code":82074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,82076,82077,82105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82078,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82080,4521],{"class":58},[44,82082,590],{"class":583},[44,82084,63],{"class":587},[44,82086,590],{"class":583},[44,82088,66],{"class":58},[44,82090,584],{"class":583},[44,82092,339],{"class":587},[44,82094,590],{"class":583},[44,82096,66],{"class":58},[44,82098,584],{"class":583},[44,82100,95],{"class":587},[44,82102,590],{"class":583},[44,82104,1967],{"class":58},[44,82106,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82108,4521],{"class":58},[44,82110,590],{"class":583},[44,82112,63],{"class":587},[44,82114,590],{"class":583},[44,82116,66],{"class":58},[44,82118,584],{"class":583},[44,82120,339],{"class":587},[44,82122,590],{"class":583},[44,82124,66],{"class":58},[44,82126,584],{"class":583},[44,82128,95],{"class":587},[44,82130,590],{"class":583},[44,82132,1967],{"class":58},[30,82134,5578,82136],{"id":82135},"when-to-use-map",[15,82137,40339],{},[20,82139,82140,82142],{},[15,82141,40339],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,82144,82145],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[205,82147,82148,82152,82156],{},[208,82149,82150],{},[15,82151,4064],{},[208,82153,82154],{},[15,82155,2816],{},[208,82157,82158],{},[15,82159,2648],{},[20,82161,295],{},[35,82163,82165],{"className":37,"code":82164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82166,82167,82199,82221,82225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82168,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82170,4441],{"class":50},[44,82172,55],{"class":54},[44,82174,1954],{"class":58},[44,82176,590],{"class":583},[44,82178,63],{"class":587},[44,82180,590],{"class":583},[44,82182,66],{"class":58},[44,82184,584],{"class":583},[44,82186,339],{"class":587},[44,82188,590],{"class":583},[44,82190,66],{"class":58},[44,82192,584],{"class":583},[44,82194,95],{"class":587},[44,82196,590],{"class":583},[44,82198,1967],{"class":58},[44,82200,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82202,884],{"class":50},[44,82204,55],{"class":54},[44,82206,23177],{"class":548},[44,82208,127],{"class":58},[44,82210,40482],{"class":139},[44,82212,127],{"class":58},[44,82214,2816],{"class":548},[44,82216,66],{"class":58},[44,82218,4506],{"class":123},[44,82220,556],{"class":58},[44,82222,82223],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82224,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82228,140],{"class":139},[44,82230,127],{"class":58},[44,82232,4268],{"class":123},[44,82234,133],{"class":58},[20,82236,150],{},[35,82238,82239],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82240,82241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82244,4521],{"class":58},[44,82246,63],{"class":62},[44,82248,66],{"class":58},[44,82250,69],{"class":62},[44,82252,66],{"class":58},[44,82254,74],{"class":62},[44,82256,1967],{"class":58},[20,82258,82259],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82261,82262],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,82264,82266],{"className":37,"code":82265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82267,82268,82288,82310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82269,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82271,884],{"class":50},[44,82273,55],{"class":54},[44,82275,1954],{"class":58},[44,82277,63],{"class":62},[44,82279,66],{"class":58},[44,82281,69],{"class":62},[44,82283,66],{"class":58},[44,82285,74],{"class":62},[44,82287,1967],{"class":58},[44,82289,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82291,112],{"class":50},[44,82293,55],{"class":54},[44,82295,23177],{"class":548},[44,82297,127],{"class":58},[44,82299,40482],{"class":139},[44,82301,127],{"class":58},[44,82303,4064],{"class":548},[44,82305,66],{"class":58},[44,82307,975],{"class":123},[44,82309,556],{"class":58},[44,82311,82312,82314,82316,82318],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82313,140],{"class":139},[44,82315,127],{"class":58},[44,82317,145],{"class":123},[44,82319,133],{"class":58},[35,82321,82323],{"className":37,"code":82322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82324,82325,82345,82372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82326,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82328,884],{"class":50},[44,82330,55],{"class":54},[44,82332,1954],{"class":58},[44,82334,63],{"class":62},[44,82336,66],{"class":58},[44,82338,69],{"class":62},[44,82340,66],{"class":58},[44,82342,74],{"class":62},[44,82344,1967],{"class":58},[44,82346,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82366,82368,82370],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82348,112],{"class":50},[44,82350,55],{"class":54},[44,82352,1954],{"class":58},[44,82354,4064],{"class":548},[44,82356,127],{"class":58},[44,82358,76654],{"class":123},[44,82360,4281],{"class":58},[44,82362,4497],{"class":4496},[44,82364,82365],{"class":50}," n ",[44,82367,4503],{"class":4496},[44,82369,975],{"class":50},[44,82371,1967],{"class":58},[44,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82375,140],{"class":139},[44,82377,127],{"class":58},[44,82379,145],{"class":123},[44,82381,133],{"class":58},[20,82383,82384],{},"Both produce:",[35,82386,82387],{"className":37,"code":81748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82388,82389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82390,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413,82415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82392,4521],{"class":58},[44,82394,590],{"class":583},[44,82396,63],{"class":587},[44,82398,590],{"class":583},[44,82400,66],{"class":58},[44,82402,584],{"class":583},[44,82404,339],{"class":587},[44,82406,590],{"class":583},[44,82408,66],{"class":58},[44,82410,584],{"class":583},[44,82412,95],{"class":587},[44,82414,590],{"class":583},[44,82416,1967],{"class":58},[20,82418,82419],{},"A simple rule:",[205,82421,82422,82427,82432],{},[208,82423,40613,82424,82426],{},[15,82425,40339],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[208,82428,40619,82429,82431],{},[15,82430,6576],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[208,82433,82434],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82436,82437,82438,120],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[176,82439,5013],{"href":5012},[30,82441,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,82443,82445,82446],{"id":82444},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82447,25399],{},[20,82449,82450],{},"This is very common:",[35,82452,82453],{"className":37,"code":81598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82454,82455,82475,82493,82497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82456,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82458,884],{"class":50},[44,82460,55],{"class":54},[44,82462,1954],{"class":58},[44,82464,63],{"class":62},[44,82466,66],{"class":58},[44,82468,69],{"class":62},[44,82470,66],{"class":58},[44,82472,74],{"class":62},[44,82474,1967],{"class":58},[44,82476,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82478,112],{"class":50},[44,82480,55],{"class":54},[44,82482,80646],{"class":139},[44,82484,127],{"class":58},[44,82486,4064],{"class":548},[44,82488,66],{"class":58},[44,82490,975],{"class":123},[44,82492,133],{"class":58},[44,82494,82495],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82496,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82500,140],{"class":139},[44,82502,127],{"class":58},[44,82504,145],{"class":123},[44,82506,133],{"class":58},[20,82508,82509],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82511,39884],{},[35,82513,82515],{"className":37,"code":82514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82516,82517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82518,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82520,140],{"class":139},[44,82522,127],{"class":58},[44,82524,8715],{"class":548},[44,82526,127],{"class":58},[44,82528,145],{"class":123},[44,82530,556],{"class":58},[1044,82532,82534],{"id":82533},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82536,17262],{},[35,82538,82540],{"className":37,"code":82539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82541,82542,82562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554,82556,82558,82560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82545,884],{"class":50},[44,82547,55],{"class":54},[44,82549,1954],{"class":58},[44,82551,63],{"class":62},[44,82553,66],{"class":58},[44,82555,69],{"class":62},[44,82557,66],{"class":58},[44,82559,74],{"class":62},[44,82561,1967],{"class":58},[44,82563,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82577,82579],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82565,112],{"class":50},[44,82567,55],{"class":54},[44,82569,80646],{"class":139},[44,82571,127],{"class":58},[44,82573,4064],{"class":548},[44,82575,82576],{"class":58},"(),",[44,82578,975],{"class":123},[44,82580,133],{"class":58},[20,82582,82583,82584,82586,82587,82589],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82585,48307],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82588,40339],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82591,17274],{},[35,82593,82594],{"className":37,"code":81685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82595,82596,82616,82634,82638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82597,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82599,884],{"class":50},[44,82601,55],{"class":54},[44,82603,1954],{"class":58},[44,82605,63],{"class":62},[44,82607,66],{"class":58},[44,82609,69],{"class":62},[44,82611,66],{"class":58},[44,82613,74],{"class":62},[44,82615,1967],{"class":58},[44,82617,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82619,112],{"class":50},[44,82621,55],{"class":54},[44,82623,80646],{"class":139},[44,82625,127],{"class":58},[44,82627,4064],{"class":548},[44,82629,66],{"class":58},[44,82631,975],{"class":123},[44,82633,133],{"class":58},[44,82635,82636],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82637,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82639,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82641,140],{"class":139},[44,82643,127],{"class":58},[44,82645,8715],{"class":548},[44,82647,127],{"class":58},[44,82649,145],{"class":123},[44,82651,556],{"class":58},[1044,82653,82655],{"id":82654},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82657,82658],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82660,17262],{},[35,82662,82664],{"className":37,"code":82663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82665,82666,82683,82693,82697,82717,82736,82740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82667,82668,82670,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82669,35471],{"class":579},[44,82671,82672],{"class":35474}," add",[44,82674,127],{"class":58},[44,82676,176],{"class":38284},[44,82678,66],{"class":58},[44,82680,1405],{"class":38284},[44,82682,8964],{"class":58},[44,82684,82685,82687,82689,82691],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82686,35482],{"class":4496},[44,82688,45168],{"class":50},[44,82690,2689],{"class":54},[44,82692,36804],{"class":50},[44,82694,82695],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82696,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82698,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82700,884],{"class":50},[44,82702,55],{"class":54},[44,82704,1954],{"class":58},[44,82706,63],{"class":62},[44,82708,66],{"class":58},[44,82710,69],{"class":62},[44,82712,66],{"class":58},[44,82714,74],{"class":62},[44,82716,1967],{"class":58},[44,82718,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82730,82732,82734],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,82720,112],{"class":50},[44,82722,55],{"class":54},[44,82724,80646],{"class":139},[44,82726,127],{"class":58},[44,82728,82729],{"class":123},"add",[44,82731,66],{"class":58},[44,82733,975],{"class":123},[44,82735,133],{"class":58},[44,82737,82738],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,82739,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82741,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,82743,140],{"class":139},[44,82745,127],{"class":58},[44,82747,8715],{"class":548},[44,82749,127],{"class":58},[44,82751,145],{"class":123},[44,82753,556],{"class":58},[20,82755,17274],{},[35,82757,82759],{"className":37,"code":82758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82760,82761,82777,82787,82791,82811,82831,82853,82857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82762,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82764,35471],{"class":579},[44,82766,82672],{"class":35474},[44,82768,127],{"class":58},[44,82770,176],{"class":38284},[44,82772,66],{"class":58},[44,82774,1405],{"class":38284},[44,82776,8964],{"class":58},[44,82778,82779,82781,82783,82785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82780,35482],{"class":4496},[44,82782,45168],{"class":50},[44,82784,2689],{"class":54},[44,82786,36804],{"class":50},[44,82788,82789],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82790,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82792,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82794,81281],{"class":50},[44,82796,55],{"class":54},[44,82798,1954],{"class":58},[44,82800,63],{"class":62},[44,82802,66],{"class":58},[44,82804,69],{"class":62},[44,82806,66],{"class":58},[44,82808,74],{"class":62},[44,82810,1967],{"class":58},[44,82812,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,82814,81302],{"class":50},[44,82816,55],{"class":54},[44,82818,1954],{"class":58},[44,82820,2958],{"class":62},[44,82822,66],{"class":58},[44,82824,8410],{"class":62},[44,82826,66],{"class":58},[44,82828,8415],{"class":62},[44,82830,1967],{"class":58},[44,82832,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,82834,112],{"class":50},[44,82836,55],{"class":54},[44,82838,80646],{"class":139},[44,82840,127],{"class":58},[44,82842,82729],{"class":123},[44,82844,66],{"class":58},[44,82846,81340],{"class":123},[44,82848,66],{"class":58},[44,82850,81345],{"class":123},[44,82852,133],{"class":58},[44,82854,82855],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,82856,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,82860,140],{"class":139},[44,82862,127],{"class":58},[44,82864,8715],{"class":548},[44,82866,127],{"class":58},[44,82868,145],{"class":123},[44,82870,556],{"class":58},[1044,82872,82874],{"id":82873},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82876,17262],{},[35,82878,82879],{"className":37,"code":81881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82880,82881,82901,82919,82923,82937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82882,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897,82899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82884,884],{"class":50},[44,82886,55],{"class":54},[44,82888,1954],{"class":58},[44,82890,63],{"class":62},[44,82892,66],{"class":58},[44,82894,69],{"class":62},[44,82896,66],{"class":58},[44,82898,74],{"class":62},[44,82900,1967],{"class":58},[44,82902,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82904,112],{"class":50},[44,82906,55],{"class":54},[44,82908,80646],{"class":139},[44,82910,127],{"class":58},[44,82912,4064],{"class":548},[44,82914,66],{"class":58},[44,82916,975],{"class":123},[44,82918,133],{"class":58},[44,82920,82921],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82922,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,82926,140],{"class":139},[44,82928,127],{"class":58},[44,82930,8715],{"class":548},[44,82932,127],{"class":58},[44,82934,145],{"class":123},[44,82936,556],{"class":58},[44,82938,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,82940,140],{"class":139},[44,82942,127],{"class":58},[44,82944,8715],{"class":548},[44,82946,127],{"class":58},[44,82948,145],{"class":123},[44,82950,556],{"class":58},[20,82952,82953],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82955,82956],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,82958,68519],{"id":68518},[20,82960,9497,82961,82963],{},[15,82962,40339],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82965,82967],{"className":37,"code":82966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82968,82969,82979,82993,83007,83019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82970,82971,82973,82975,82977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82972,140],{"class":139},[44,82974,127],{"class":58},[44,82976,145],{"class":123},[44,82978,133],{"class":58},[44,82980,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,82982,140],{"class":139},[44,82984,127],{"class":58},[44,82986,8715],{"class":548},[44,82988,127],{"class":58},[44,82990,145],{"class":123},[44,82992,556],{"class":58},[44,82994,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,82996,140],{"class":139},[44,82998,127],{"class":58},[44,83000,549],{"class":548},[44,83002,127],{"class":58},[44,83004,145],{"class":123},[44,83006,556],{"class":58},[44,83008,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,83010,6576],{"class":4496},[44,83012,6579],{"class":50},[44,83014,4503],{"class":4496},[44,83016,81840],{"class":50},[44,83018,7011],{"class":58},[44,83020,83021,83023,83025,83027],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,83022,8690],{"class":139},[44,83024,127],{"class":58},[44,83026,23928],{"class":123},[44,83028,133],{"class":58},[20,83030,13289],{},[205,83032,83033,83038,83043,83049],{},[208,83034,83035,83037],{},[15,83036,33647],{}," shows that you have a map object",[208,83039,83040,83042],{},[15,83041,33655],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[208,83044,83045,83048],{},[15,83046,83047],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[208,83050,83051,83052,83054],{},"looping over ",[15,83053,145],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,83056,83057,83058,83061,83062,83064],{},"Be careful: ",[15,83059,83060],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,83063,6576],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,83066,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,83068,2482,83070,83072],{"id":83069},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,83071,40339],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,83074,83075,83076,83078,83079,24556],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,83077,40339],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,83080,83081],{},"list(map(...))",[1044,83083,15521,83085,83087,83088,83090],{"id":83084},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,83086,40339],{}," better than a ",[15,83089,6576],{}," loop?",[20,83092,83093,83094,83096,83097,83099],{},"Not always. ",[15,83095,40339],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,83098,6576],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1044,83101,5788,83103,83105],{"id":83102},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,83104,40339],{}," use more than one list?",[20,83107,83108],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1044,83110,83112],{"id":83111},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,83114,83115],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,83117,2528],{"id":2527},[205,83119,83120,83126,83132,83136,83140],{},[208,83121,83122],{},[176,83123,4197,83124,4130],{"href":40708},[15,83125,38198],{},[208,83127,83128],{},[176,83129,4197,83130,4130],{"href":65471},[15,83131,25399],{},[208,83133,83134],{},[176,83135,5839],{"href":5749},[208,83137,83138],{},[176,83139,5844],{"href":5012},[208,83141,83142],{},[176,83143,5834],{"href":5753},[2554,83145,83146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":83148},[83149,83150,83152,83153,83154,83156,83161,83168,83170,83177,83178,83187],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":80725,"depth":85,"text":83151},"What map() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":81044,"depth":85,"text":83155},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81227,"depth":85,"text":83157,"children":83158},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83159],{"id":81415,"depth":109,"text":83160},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81572,"depth":85,"text":83162,"children":83163},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83164,83166,83167],{"id":81590,"depth":109,"text":83165},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81781,"depth":109,"text":81782},{"id":81874,"depth":109,"text":81875},{"id":82135,"depth":85,"text":83169},"When to use map()",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":83171},[83172,83174,83175,83176],{"id":82444,"depth":109,"text":83173},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82533,"depth":109,"text":82534},{"id":82654,"depth":109,"text":82655},{"id":82873,"depth":109,"text":82874},{"id":68518,"depth":85,"text":68519},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":83179},[83180,83182,83184,83186],{"id":83069,"depth":109,"text":83181},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":83084,"depth":109,"text":83183},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":83102,"depth":109,"text":83185},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":83111,"depth":109,"text":83112},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80557,"description":83188},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83195,"title":83196,"body":83197,"description":85216,"extension":2593,"meta":85217,"navigation":364,"path":85218,"seo":85219,"stem":85220,"__hash__":85221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83198,"toc":85174},[83199,83205,83210,83213,83221,83224,83226,83350,83352,83370,83372,83392,83397,83401,83415,83418,83421,83423,83428,83540,83543,83561,83567,83570,83632,83634,83643,83646,83660,83662,83710,83712,83721,83731,83737,83740,83767,83769,83777,83780,83783,83852,83854,83862,83865,83870,83875,83926,83928,83936,83939,83941,83958,83960,84012,84015,84021,84025,84030,84033,84037,84096,84098,84107,84113,84122,84126,84189,84191,84199,84204,84208,84213,84293,84295,84304,84311,84316,84321,84324,84359,84361,84369,84372,84378,84380,84430,84432,84441,84444,84462,84464,84469,84475,84482,84509,84511,84534,84539,84574,84579,84585,84590,84633,84636,84639,84678,84685,84691,84696,84711,84715,84722,84725,84729,84734,84738,84743,84745,84806,84808,84837,84842,84849,84858,84860,84863,84888,84890,84993,84996,85014,85023,85025,85030,85033,85039,85042,85044,85054,85060,85064,85122,85129,85137,85139,85171],[10,83200,4197,83202,4201],{"id":83201},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83203,83204],{},"max()",[20,83206,9745,83207,83209],{},[15,83208,83204],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83211,83212],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[205,83214,83215,83218],{},[208,83216,83217],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[208,83219,83220],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83222,83223],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,83225,2634],{"id":2633},[35,83227,83229],{"className":37,"code":83228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83230,83231,83255,83270,83274,83300,83304,83336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83232,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83234,884],{"class":50},[44,83236,55],{"class":54},[44,83238,1954],{"class":58},[44,83240,95],{"class":62},[44,83242,66],{"class":58},[44,83244,6977],{"class":62},[44,83246,66],{"class":58},[44,83248,69],{"class":62},[44,83250,66],{"class":58},[44,83252,104],{"class":62},[44,83254,1967],{"class":58},[44,83256,83257,83259,83261,83264,83266,83268],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83258,140],{"class":139},[44,83260,127],{"class":58},[44,83262,83263],{"class":139},"max",[44,83265,127],{"class":58},[44,83267,4268],{"class":123},[44,83269,556],{"class":58},[44,83271,83272],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,83273,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,83275,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,83277,140],{"class":139},[44,83279,127],{"class":58},[44,83281,83263],{"class":139},[44,83283,127],{"class":58},[44,83285,95],{"class":62},[44,83287,66],{"class":58},[44,83289,6977],{"class":62},[44,83291,66],{"class":58},[44,83293,69],{"class":62},[44,83295,66],{"class":58},[44,83297,104],{"class":62},[44,83299,556],{"class":58},[44,83301,83302],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,83303,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,83305,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,83307,4692],{"class":50},[44,83309,55],{"class":54},[44,83311,1954],{"class":58},[44,83313,633],{"class":583},[44,83315,636],{"class":587},[44,83317,633],{"class":583},[44,83319,66],{"class":58},[44,83321,643],{"class":583},[44,83323,646],{"class":587},[44,83325,633],{"class":583},[44,83327,66],{"class":58},[44,83329,643],{"class":583},[44,83331,79368],{"class":587},[44,83333,633],{"class":583},[44,83335,1967],{"class":58},[44,83337,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,83339,140],{"class":139},[44,83341,127],{"class":58},[44,83343,83263],{"class":139},[44,83345,127],{"class":58},[44,83347,4734],{"class":123},[44,83349,556],{"class":58},[20,83351,150],{},[35,83353,83355],{"className":37,"code":83354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83356,83357,83361,83365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83358,83359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83360,3009],{"class":62},[44,83362,83363],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83364,3009],{"class":62},[44,83366,83367],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,83368,83369],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,83371,20575],{},[205,83373,83374,83380,83386],{},[208,83375,83376,83379],{},[15,83377,83378],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[208,83381,83382,83385],{},[15,83383,83384],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[208,83387,83388,83391],{},[15,83389,83390],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,83393,186,83395,189],{"id":83394},"what-max-does",[15,83396,83204],{},[20,83398,83399,1598],{},[15,83400,83204],{},[205,83402,83403,83406,83409,83412],{},[208,83404,83405],{},"Returns the largest item",[208,83407,83408],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[208,83410,83411],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[208,83413,83414],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83416,83417],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83419,83420],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,83422,234],{"id":233},[20,83424,83425,83426,1598],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83427,83204],{},[35,83429,83431],{"className":37,"code":83430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83432,83433,83443,83467,83489,83512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83434,83435,83437,83439,83441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83436,83263],{"class":139},[44,83438,127],{"class":58},[44,83440,4340],{"class":123},[44,83442,133],{"class":58},[44,83444,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83456,83458,83460,83462,83465],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83446,83263],{"class":139},[44,83448,127],{"class":58},[44,83450,4340],{"class":123},[44,83452,66],{"class":58},[44,83454,83455],{"class":54}," *",[44,83457,66],{"class":58},[44,83459,22197],{"class":9798},[44,83461,55],{"class":54},[44,83463,83464],{"class":123},"func",[44,83466,133],{"class":58},[44,83468,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,83470,83263],{"class":139},[44,83472,127],{"class":58},[44,83474,4340],{"class":123},[44,83476,66],{"class":58},[44,83478,83455],{"class":54},[44,83480,66],{"class":58},[44,83482,27142],{"class":9798},[44,83484,55],{"class":54},[44,83486,3100],{"class":123},[44,83488,133],{"class":58},[44,83490,83491,83493,83495,83498,83500,83503,83505,83507,83510],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,83492,83263],{"class":139},[44,83494,127],{"class":58},[44,83496,83497],{"class":123},"arg1",[44,83499,66],{"class":58},[44,83501,83502],{"class":123}," arg2",[44,83504,66],{"class":58},[44,83506,83455],{"class":54},[44,83508,83509],{"class":123},"args",[44,83511,133],{"class":58},[44,83513,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,83515,83263],{"class":139},[44,83517,127],{"class":58},[44,83519,83497],{"class":123},[44,83521,66],{"class":58},[44,83523,83502],{"class":123},[44,83525,66],{"class":58},[44,83527,83455],{"class":54},[44,83529,83509],{"class":123},[44,83531,66],{"class":58},[44,83533,22197],{"class":9798},[44,83535,55],{"class":54},[44,83537,83464],{"class":123},[44,83539,133],{"class":58},[20,83541,83542],{},"The most important parts are:",[205,83544,83545,83550,83555],{},[208,83546,83547,83549],{},[15,83548,4340],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[208,83551,83552,83554],{},[15,83553,15459],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[208,83556,83557,83560],{},[15,83558,83559],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,83562,863,83564,83566],{"id":83563},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83565,83204],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83568,83569],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,83571,83573],{"className":37,"code":83572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83574,83575,83601,83617,83621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83576,83577,83579,83581,83583,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83578,5681],{"class":50},[44,83580,55],{"class":54},[44,83582,1954],{"class":58},[44,83584,83585],{"class":62},"72",[44,83587,66],{"class":58},[44,83589,52135],{"class":62},[44,83591,66],{"class":58},[44,83593,14124],{"class":62},[44,83595,66],{"class":58},[44,83597,83598],{"class":62}," 66",[44,83600,1967],{"class":58},[44,83602,83603,83606,83608,83611,83613,83615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83604,83605],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,83607,55],{"class":54},[44,83609,83610],{"class":139}," max",[44,83612,127],{"class":58},[44,83614,17007],{"class":123},[44,83616,133],{"class":58},[44,83618,83619],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,83620,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,83622,83623,83625,83627,83630],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,83624,140],{"class":139},[44,83626,127],{"class":58},[44,83628,83629],{"class":123},"highest_score",[44,83631,133],{"class":58},[20,83633,150],{},[35,83635,83637],{"className":37,"code":83636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,83638,83639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83640,83641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83642,83636],{"class":62},[20,83644,83645],{},"This works well for:",[205,83647,83648,83651,83654,83657],{},[208,83649,83650],{},"Scores",[208,83652,83653],{},"Prices",[208,83655,83656],{},"Ages",[208,83658,83659],{},"Counts",[20,83661,52705],{},[35,83663,83665],{"className":37,"code":83664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83666,83667,83695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83668,83669,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83683,83685,83688,83690,83693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83670,83671],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,83673,55],{"class":54},[44,83675,1954],{"class":58},[44,83677,41021],{"class":62},[44,83679,66],{"class":58},[44,83681,83682],{"class":62}," 5.50",[44,83684,66],{"class":58},[44,83686,83687],{"class":62}," 12.75",[44,83689,66],{"class":58},[44,83691,83692],{"class":62}," 29.00",[44,83694,1967],{"class":58},[44,83696,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83708],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83698,140],{"class":139},[44,83700,127],{"class":58},[44,83702,83263],{"class":139},[44,83704,127],{"class":58},[44,83706,83707],{"class":123},"prices",[44,83709,556],{"class":58},[20,83711,150],{},[35,83713,83715],{"className":37,"code":83714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,83716,83717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83718,83719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83720,83714],{"class":62},[20,83722,83723,83724,83726,83727,120],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83725,83204],{}," is simpler than ",[176,83728,83729],{"href":75145},[15,83730,75048],{},[30,83732,863,83734,83736],{"id":83733},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83735,83204],{}," with separate values",[20,83738,83739],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,83741,83743],{"className":37,"code":83742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83744,83745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83746,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83748,140],{"class":139},[44,83750,127],{"class":58},[44,83752,83263],{"class":139},[44,83754,127],{"class":58},[44,83756,1517],{"class":62},[44,83758,66],{"class":58},[44,83760,31562],{"class":62},[44,83762,66],{"class":58},[44,83764,960],{"class":62},[44,83766,556],{"class":58},[20,83768,150],{},[35,83770,83771],{"className":37,"code":2853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83772,83773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83774,83775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83776,2853],{"class":62},[20,83778,83779],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83781,83782],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,83784,83786],{"className":37,"code":83785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83787,83788,83797,83805,83814,83818,83841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83789,83790,83792,83794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83791,51],{"class":50},[44,83793,55],{"class":54},[44,83795,83796],{"class":62}," 15\n",[44,83798,83799,83801,83803],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83800,88],{"class":50},[44,83802,55],{"class":54},[44,83804,3393],{"class":62},[44,83806,83807,83809,83811],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,83808,350],{"class":50},[44,83810,55],{"class":54},[44,83812,83813],{"class":62}," 27\n",[44,83815,83816],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,83817,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,83819,83820,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,83821,83822],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,83824,55],{"class":54},[44,83826,83610],{"class":139},[44,83828,127],{"class":58},[44,83830,176],{"class":123},[44,83832,66],{"class":58},[44,83834,1405],{"class":123},[44,83836,66],{"class":58},[44,83838,387],{"class":123},[44,83840,133],{"class":58},[44,83842,83843,83845,83847,83850],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,83844,140],{"class":139},[44,83846,127],{"class":58},[44,83848,83849],{"class":123},"largest",[44,83851,133],{"class":58},[20,83853,150],{},[35,83855,83856],{"className":37,"code":47235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83857,83858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83859,83860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83861,47235],{"class":62},[20,83863,83864],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,83866,863,83868,47682],{"id":83867},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83869,83204],{},[20,83871,83872,83874],{},[15,83873,83204],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,83876,83878],{"className":37,"code":83877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83879,83880,83912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83881,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83883,4692],{"class":50},[44,83885,55],{"class":54},[44,83887,1954],{"class":58},[44,83889,633],{"class":583},[44,83891,636],{"class":587},[44,83893,633],{"class":583},[44,83895,66],{"class":58},[44,83897,643],{"class":583},[44,83899,646],{"class":587},[44,83901,633],{"class":583},[44,83903,66],{"class":58},[44,83905,643],{"class":583},[44,83907,79368],{"class":587},[44,83909,633],{"class":583},[44,83911,1967],{"class":58},[44,83913,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,83915,140],{"class":139},[44,83917,127],{"class":58},[44,83919,83263],{"class":139},[44,83921,127],{"class":58},[44,83923,4734],{"class":123},[44,83925,556],{"class":58},[20,83927,150],{},[35,83929,83930],{"className":37,"code":83369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83931,83932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83933,83934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83935,83369],{"class":50},[20,83937,83938],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83940,68907],{},[205,83942,83943,83952,83955],{},[208,83944,83945,83948,83949,83951],{},[15,83946,83947],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83950,65898],{}," alphabetically",[208,83953,83954],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[208,83956,83957],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83959,295],{},[35,83961,83963],{"className":37,"code":83962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83964,83965,83998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83966,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83986,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83968,4692],{"class":50},[44,83970,55],{"class":54},[44,83972,1954],{"class":58},[44,83974,633],{"class":583},[44,83976,636],{"class":587},[44,83978,633],{"class":583},[44,83980,66],{"class":58},[44,83982,643],{"class":583},[44,83984,83985],{"class":587},"Banana",[44,83987,633],{"class":583},[44,83989,66],{"class":58},[44,83991,643],{"class":583},[44,83993,79368],{"class":587},[44,83995,633],{"class":583},[44,83997,1967],{"class":58},[44,83999,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84001,140],{"class":139},[44,84003,127],{"class":58},[44,84005,83263],{"class":139},[44,84007,127],{"class":58},[44,84009,4734],{"class":123},[44,84011,556],{"class":58},[20,84013,84014],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,84016,84017,84018,84020],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,84019,15459],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,84022,37235,84023,37238],{"id":79326},[15,84024,15459],{},[20,84026,192,84027,84029],{},[15,84028,15459],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,84031,84032],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1044,84034,84036],{"id":84035},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,84038,84040],{"className":37,"code":84039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,84041,84042,84074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84043,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84045,4692],{"class":50},[44,84047,55],{"class":54},[44,84049,1954],{"class":58},[44,84051,633],{"class":583},[44,84053,2122],{"class":587},[44,84055,633],{"class":583},[44,84057,66],{"class":58},[44,84059,643],{"class":583},[44,84061,68950],{"class":587},[44,84063,633],{"class":583},[44,84065,66],{"class":58},[44,84067,643],{"class":583},[44,84069,2131],{"class":587},[44,84071,633],{"class":583},[44,84073,1967],{"class":58},[44,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84077,140],{"class":139},[44,84079,127],{"class":58},[44,84081,83263],{"class":139},[44,84083,127],{"class":58},[44,84085,4734],{"class":123},[44,84087,66],{"class":58},[44,84089,22197],{"class":9798},[44,84091,55],{"class":54},[44,84093,2441],{"class":139},[44,84095,556],{"class":58},[20,84097,150],{},[35,84099,84101],{"className":37,"code":84100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,84102,84103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84104,84105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84106,84100],{"class":50},[20,84108,21389,84109,84112],{},[15,84110,84111],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,84114,84115,84116,34247,84118,120],{},"If you are new to ",[15,84117,42984],{},[176,84119,84120,6401],{"href":42981},[15,84121,42984],{},[1044,84123,84125],{"id":84124},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,84127,84129],{"className":37,"code":84128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,84130,84131,84163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84132,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84134,4692],{"class":50},[44,84136,55],{"class":54},[44,84138,1954],{"class":58},[44,84140,633],{"class":583},[44,84142,636],{"class":587},[44,84144,633],{"class":583},[44,84146,66],{"class":58},[44,84148,643],{"class":583},[44,84150,83985],{"class":587},[44,84152,633],{"class":583},[44,84154,66],{"class":58},[44,84156,643],{"class":583},[44,84158,79368],{"class":587},[44,84160,633],{"class":583},[44,84162,1967],{"class":58},[44,84164,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84166,140],{"class":139},[44,84168,127],{"class":58},[44,84170,83263],{"class":139},[44,84172,127],{"class":58},[44,84174,4734],{"class":123},[44,84176,66],{"class":58},[44,84178,22197],{"class":9798},[44,84180,55],{"class":54},[44,84182,4064],{"class":548},[44,84184,120],{"class":58},[44,84186,9262],{"class":25368},[44,84188,556],{"class":58},[20,84190,150],{},[35,84192,84193],{"className":37,"code":83369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84194,84195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84196,84197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84198,83369],{"class":50},[20,84200,21389,84201,84203],{},[15,84202,79322],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1044,84205,84207],{"id":84206},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84209,84210,84211,1598],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84212,38281],{},[35,84214,84216],{"className":37,"code":84215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84217,84218,84261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84239,84241,84243,84245,84248,84250,84252,84254,84257,84259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84221,8399],{"class":50},[44,84223,55],{"class":54},[44,84225,1954],{"class":58},[44,84227,633],{"class":583},[44,84229,176],{"class":587},[44,84231,633],{"class":583},[44,84233,66],{"class":58},[44,84235,643],{"class":583},[44,84237,84238],{"class":587},"bb",[44,84240,633],{"class":583},[44,84242,66],{"class":58},[44,84244,643],{"class":583},[44,84246,84247],{"class":587},"cccc",[44,84249,633],{"class":583},[44,84251,66],{"class":58},[44,84253,643],{"class":583},[44,84255,84256],{"class":587},"ddd",[44,84258,633],{"class":583},[44,84260,1967],{"class":58},[44,84262,84263,84265,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84264,140],{"class":139},[44,84266,127],{"class":58},[44,84268,83263],{"class":139},[44,84270,127],{"class":58},[44,84272,8430],{"class":123},[44,84274,66],{"class":58},[44,84276,22197],{"class":9798},[44,84278,55],{"class":54},[44,84280,38281],{"class":579},[44,84282,43465],{"class":38284},[44,84284,1598],{"class":58},[44,84286,39008],{"class":139},[44,84288,127],{"class":58},[44,84290,35328],{"class":123},[44,84292,2432],{"class":58},[20,84294,150],{},[35,84296,84298],{"className":37,"code":84297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,84299,84300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84301,84302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84303,84297],{"class":50},[20,84305,50174,84306,2495,84308,84310],{},[15,84307,84111],{},[15,84309,79209],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,84312,37235,84314,37238],{"id":84313},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84315,83559],{},[20,84317,192,84318,84320],{},[15,84319,83559],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84322,84323],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,84325,84327],{"className":37,"code":84326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84328,84329,84337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84330,84331,84333,84335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84332,884],{"class":50},[44,84334,55],{"class":54},[44,84336,8459],{"class":58},[44,84338,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84340,140],{"class":139},[44,84342,127],{"class":58},[44,84344,83263],{"class":139},[44,84346,127],{"class":58},[44,84348,4268],{"class":123},[44,84350,66],{"class":58},[44,84352,27142],{"class":9798},[44,84354,55],{"class":54},[44,84356,2748],{"class":62},[44,84358,556],{"class":58},[20,84360,150],{},[35,84362,84363],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84364,84365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84366,84367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84368,47875],{"class":62},[20,84370,84371],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84373,84374,84375,84377],{},"Without ",[15,84376,83559],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84379,52705],{},[35,84381,84383],{"className":37,"code":84382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84384,84385,84393,84420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84386,84387,84389,84391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84388,4692],{"class":50},[44,84390,55],{"class":54},[44,84392,8459],{"class":58},[44,84394,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84416,84418],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84396,112],{"class":50},[44,84398,55],{"class":54},[44,84400,83610],{"class":139},[44,84402,127],{"class":58},[44,84404,4734],{"class":123},[44,84406,66],{"class":58},[44,84408,27142],{"class":9798},[44,84410,55],{"class":54},[44,84412,633],{"class":583},[44,84414,84415],{"class":587},"no words found",[44,84417,633],{"class":583},[44,84419,133],{"class":58},[44,84421,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,84423,140],{"class":139},[44,84425,127],{"class":58},[44,84427,145],{"class":123},[44,84429,133],{"class":58},[20,84431,150],{},[35,84433,84435],{"className":37,"code":84434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,84436,84437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84438,84439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84440,84434],{"class":50},[20,84442,84443],{},"Important:",[205,84445,84446,84454],{},[208,84447,84448,84450,84451],{},[15,84449,83559],{}," works with ",[15,84452,84453],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[208,84455,1801,84456,84458,84459],{},[197,84457,199],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84460,84461],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,84463,48610],{"id":48609},[20,84465,84466,84467,120],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84468,83204],{},[1044,84470,84472,84474],{"id":84471},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84473,41327],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84476,84477,84478,46531,84480,120],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84479,83559],{},[15,84481,41327],{},[35,84483,84485],{"className":37,"code":84484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84486,84487,84495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84488,84489,84491,84493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84490,884],{"class":50},[44,84492,55],{"class":54},[44,84494,8459],{"class":58},[44,84496,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84498,140],{"class":139},[44,84500,127],{"class":58},[44,84502,83263],{"class":139},[44,84504,127],{"class":58},[44,84506,4268],{"class":123},[44,84508,556],{"class":58},[20,84510,30300],{},[35,84512,84514],{"className":37,"code":84513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84515,84516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84517,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84529,84531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84519,41327],{"class":548},[44,84521,1598],{"class":58},[44,84523,83610],{"class":139},[44,84525,7984],{"class":58},[44,84527,84528],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,84530,12810],{"class":54},[44,84532,84533],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84535,84536,84537,1598],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84538,83559],{},[35,84540,84542],{"className":37,"code":84541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84543,84544,84552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84545,84546,84548,84550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84547,884],{"class":50},[44,84549,55],{"class":54},[44,84551,8459],{"class":58},[44,84553,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84555,140],{"class":139},[44,84557,127],{"class":58},[44,84559,83263],{"class":139},[44,84561,127],{"class":58},[44,84563,4268],{"class":123},[44,84565,66],{"class":58},[44,84567,27142],{"class":9798},[44,84569,55],{"class":54},[44,84571,4398],{"class":4471},[44,84573,556],{"class":58},[20,84575,84576,84577,120],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[176,84578,66463],{"href":73502},[1044,84580,84582,84584],{"id":84581},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84583,3628],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84586,84587,84588,120],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84589,3628],{},[35,84591,84593],{"className":37,"code":84592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84594,84595,84619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84596,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84598,8399],{"class":50},[44,84600,55],{"class":54},[44,84602,1954],{"class":58},[44,84604,2958],{"class":62},[44,84606,66],{"class":58},[44,84608,643],{"class":583},[44,84610,16372],{"class":587},[44,84612,633],{"class":583},[44,84614,66],{"class":58},[44,84616,8415],{"class":62},[44,84618,1967],{"class":58},[44,84620,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84622,140],{"class":139},[44,84624,127],{"class":58},[44,84626,83263],{"class":139},[44,84628,127],{"class":58},[44,84630,8430],{"class":123},[44,84632,556],{"class":58},[20,84634,84635],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84637,84638],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,84640,84642],{"className":37,"code":84641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84643,84644,84664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84645,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84647,8399],{"class":50},[44,84649,55],{"class":54},[44,84651,1954],{"class":58},[44,84653,2958],{"class":62},[44,84655,66],{"class":58},[44,84657,8410],{"class":62},[44,84659,66],{"class":58},[44,84661,8415],{"class":62},[44,84663,1967],{"class":58},[44,84665,84666,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84667,140],{"class":139},[44,84669,127],{"class":58},[44,84671,83263],{"class":139},[44,84673,127],{"class":58},[44,84675,8430],{"class":123},[44,84677,556],{"class":58},[20,84679,84680,84681,120],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[176,84682,84684],{"href":84683},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1044,84686,84688,84690],{"id":84687},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84689,3628],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84692,84693,84695],{},[15,84694,83204],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,84697,84699],{"className":37,"code":84698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,84700,84701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84702,84703,84705,84707,84709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84704,140],{"class":139},[44,84706,127],{"class":58},[44,84708,83263],{"class":139},[44,84710,7812],{"class":58},[20,84712,3625,84713,120],{},[15,84714,3628],{},[30,84716,84718,1036,84720],{"id":84717},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84719,83204],{},[15,84721,75048],{},[20,84723,84724],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84726,84727,1598],{},[15,84728,83204],{},[205,84730,84731],{},[208,84732,84733],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84735,84736,1598],{},[15,84737,75048],{},[205,84739,84740],{},[208,84741,84742],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84744,295],{},[35,84746,84748],{"className":37,"code":84747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84749,84750,84774,84778,84792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84751,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84753,884],{"class":50},[44,84755,55],{"class":54},[44,84757,1954],{"class":58},[44,84759,95],{"class":62},[44,84761,66],{"class":58},[44,84763,6977],{"class":62},[44,84765,66],{"class":58},[44,84767,69],{"class":62},[44,84769,66],{"class":58},[44,84771,104],{"class":62},[44,84773,1967],{"class":58},[44,84775,84776],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84777,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,84779,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,84781,140],{"class":139},[44,84783,127],{"class":58},[44,84785,83263],{"class":139},[44,84787,127],{"class":58},[44,84789,4268],{"class":123},[44,84791,556],{"class":58},[44,84793,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802,84804],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,84795,140],{"class":139},[44,84797,127],{"class":58},[44,84799,75138],{"class":139},[44,84801,127],{"class":58},[44,84803,4268],{"class":123},[44,84805,556],{"class":58},[20,84807,150],{},[35,84809,84811],{"className":37,"code":84810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84812,84813,84817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84814,84815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84816,3009],{"class":62},[44,84818,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84820,4521],{"class":58},[44,84822,339],{"class":62},[44,84824,66],{"class":58},[44,84826,74],{"class":62},[44,84828,66],{"class":58},[44,84830,104],{"class":62},[44,84832,66],{"class":58},[44,84834,6977],{"class":62},[44,84836,1967],{"class":58},[20,84838,1296,84839,84841],{},[15,84840,83204],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84843,1296,84844,84848],{},[176,84845,84846],{"href":75145},[15,84847,75048],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84850,84851,84852,120],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[176,84853,84855],{"href":84854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84856,84857],{},"min()",[30,84859,3454],{"id":3453},[20,84861,84862],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[205,84864,84865,84872,84875,84880,84883],{},[208,84866,30269,84867,84869,84870],{},[15,84868,83204],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84871,83559],{},[208,84873,84874],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[208,84876,9075,84877,84879],{},[15,84878,83204],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[208,84881,84882],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[208,84884,863,84885,84887],{},[15,84886,83559],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84889,11732],{},[35,84891,84893],{"className":37,"code":84892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84894,84895,84905,84919,84933,84947,84969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84896,84897,84899,84901,84903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84898,140],{"class":139},[44,84900,127],{"class":58},[44,84902,8430],{"class":123},[44,84904,133],{"class":58},[44,84906,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,84908,140],{"class":139},[44,84910,127],{"class":58},[44,84912,549],{"class":548},[44,84914,127],{"class":58},[44,84916,8430],{"class":123},[44,84918,556],{"class":58},[44,84920,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,84922,140],{"class":139},[44,84924,127],{"class":58},[44,84926,2441],{"class":139},[44,84928,127],{"class":58},[44,84930,8430],{"class":123},[44,84932,556],{"class":58},[44,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,84936,140],{"class":139},[44,84938,127],{"class":58},[44,84940,83263],{"class":139},[44,84942,127],{"class":58},[44,84944,8430],{"class":123},[44,84946,556],{"class":58},[44,84948,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,84950,140],{"class":139},[44,84952,127],{"class":58},[44,84954,83263],{"class":139},[44,84956,127],{"class":58},[44,84958,8430],{"class":123},[44,84960,66],{"class":58},[44,84962,27142],{"class":9798},[44,84964,55],{"class":54},[44,84966,4398],{"class":4471},[44,84968,556],{"class":58},[44,84970,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,84972,140],{"class":139},[44,84974,3609],{"class":58},[44,84976,549],{"class":548},[44,84978,127],{"class":58},[44,84980,2801],{"class":123},[44,84982,4281],{"class":58},[44,84984,4497],{"class":4496},[44,84986,4500],{"class":123},[44,84988,4503],{"class":4496},[44,84990,6584],{"class":123},[44,84992,4509],{"class":58},[20,84994,84995],{},"These are useful for checking:",[205,84997,84998,85003,85008,85011],{},[208,84999,85000,85001],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,85002,8430],{},[208,85004,80375,85005,85007],{},[15,85006,8430],{}," is a list or some other type",[208,85009,85010],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[208,85012,85013],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,85015,69971,85016,85019,85020,85022],{},[15,85017,85018],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,85021,8430],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,85024,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,85026,5760,85028,5763],{"id":85027},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,85029,83204],{},[20,85031,85032],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1044,85034,5788,85036,85038],{"id":85035},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,85037,83204],{}," work with strings?",[20,85040,85041],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1044,85043,72270],{"id":72269},[20,85045,85046,53120,85048,85050,85051,85053],{},[15,85047,83204],{},[15,85049,41327],{}," unless you use the ",[15,85052,83559],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1044,85055,85057,85058,1447],{"id":85056},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,85059,83204],{},[20,85061,1296,85062,1598],{},[15,85063,84111],{},[35,85065,85066],{"className":37,"code":84039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85067,85068,85100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85069,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85071,4692],{"class":50},[44,85073,55],{"class":54},[44,85075,1954],{"class":58},[44,85077,633],{"class":583},[44,85079,2122],{"class":587},[44,85081,633],{"class":583},[44,85083,66],{"class":58},[44,85085,643],{"class":583},[44,85087,68950],{"class":587},[44,85089,633],{"class":583},[44,85091,66],{"class":58},[44,85093,643],{"class":583},[44,85095,2131],{"class":587},[44,85097,633],{"class":583},[44,85099,1967],{"class":58},[44,85101,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85103,140],{"class":139},[44,85105,127],{"class":58},[44,85107,83263],{"class":139},[44,85109,127],{"class":58},[44,85111,4734],{"class":123},[44,85113,66],{"class":58},[44,85115,22197],{"class":9798},[44,85117,55],{"class":54},[44,85119,2441],{"class":139},[44,85121,556],{"class":58},[1044,85123,2492,85125,2495,85127,1447],{"id":85124},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,85126,83204],{},[15,85128,75048],{},[20,85130,85131,85133,85134,85136],{},[15,85132,83204],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":85175},[85176,85177,85179,85180,85182,85184,85186,85191,85193,85201,85203,85204,85215],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":83394,"depth":85,"text":85178},"What max() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":83563,"depth":85,"text":85181},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83733,"depth":85,"text":85183},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83867,"depth":85,"text":85185},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79326,"depth":85,"text":80524,"children":85187},[85188,85189,85190],{"id":84035,"depth":109,"text":84036},{"id":84124,"depth":109,"text":84125},{"id":84206,"depth":109,"text":84207},{"id":84313,"depth":85,"text":85192},"Using the default argument",{"id":48609,"depth":85,"text":48610,"children":85194},[85195,85197,85199],{"id":84471,"depth":109,"text":85196},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84581,"depth":109,"text":85198},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84687,"depth":109,"text":85200},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84717,"depth":85,"text":85202},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":85205},[85206,85208,85210,85211,85213],{"id":85027,"depth":109,"text":85207},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":85035,"depth":109,"text":85209},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72269,"depth":109,"text":72270},{"id":85056,"depth":109,"text":85212},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85124,"depth":109,"text":85214},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83196,"description":85216},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85223,"title":85224,"body":85225,"description":87179,"extension":2593,"meta":87180,"navigation":364,"path":87181,"seo":87182,"stem":87183,"__hash__":87184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function 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is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85238,85239,85240,85242],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85241,84857],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,85244,2634],{"id":2633},[35,85246,85248],{"className":37,"code":85247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85249,85250,85274,85289,85293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85251,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85253,884],{"class":50},[44,85255,55],{"class":54},[44,85257,1954],{"class":58},[44,85259,357],{"class":62},[44,85261,66],{"class":58},[44,85263,69],{"class":62},[44,85265,66],{"class":58},[44,85267,54762],{"class":62},[44,85269,66],{"class":58},[44,85271,2212],{"class":62},[44,85273,1967],{"class":58},[44,85275,85276,85278,85280,85283,85285,85287],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85277,140],{"class":139},[44,85279,127],{"class":58},[44,85281,85282],{"class":139},"min",[44,85284,127],{"class":58},[44,85286,4268],{"class":123},[44,85288,556],{"class":58},[44,85290,85291],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,85292,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,85294,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,85296,140],{"class":139},[44,85298,127],{"class":58},[44,85300,85282],{"class":139},[44,85302,127],{"class":58},[44,85304,357],{"class":62},[44,85306,66],{"class":58},[44,85308,69],{"class":62},[44,85310,66],{"class":58},[44,85312,54762],{"class":62},[44,85314,66],{"class":58},[44,85316,2212],{"class":62},[44,85318,556],{"class":58},[20,85320,150],{},[35,85322,85324],{"className":37,"code":85323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,85325,85326,85330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85327,85328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85329,47540],{"class":62},[44,85331,85332],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85333,47540],{"class":62},[20,85335,1296,85336,85338],{},[15,85337,84857],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,85340,186,85342,189],{"id":85341},"what-min-does",[15,85343,84857],{},[205,85345,85346,85351,85354,85357],{},[208,85347,85348,85350],{},[15,85349,84857],{}," returns the smallest item",[208,85352,85353],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[208,85355,85356],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[208,85358,85359],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,85361,85363],{"id":85362},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85365,85366,85367,1598],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85368,84857],{},[35,85370,85372],{"className":37,"code":85371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85373,85374,85384,85409,85427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85377,85282],{"class":139},[44,85379,127],{"class":58},[44,85381,4340],{"class":123},[44,85383,133],{"class":58},[44,85385,85386,85388,85390,85393,85395,85398,85400,85403,85405,85407],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85387,85282],{"class":139},[44,85389,127],{"class":58},[44,85391,85392],{"class":123},"value1",[44,85394,66],{"class":58},[44,85396,85397],{"class":123}," value2",[44,85399,66],{"class":58},[44,85401,85402],{"class":123}," value3",[44,85404,66],{"class":58},[44,85406,35073],{"class":139},[44,85408,133],{"class":58},[44,85410,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,85412,85282],{"class":139},[44,85414,127],{"class":58},[44,85416,4340],{"class":123},[44,85418,66],{"class":58},[44,85420,22197],{"class":9798},[44,85422,55],{"class":54},[44,85424,37993],{"class":139},[44,85426,133],{"class":58},[44,85428,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,85430,85282],{"class":139},[44,85432,127],{"class":58},[44,85434,4340],{"class":123},[44,85436,66],{"class":58},[44,85438,27142],{"class":9798},[44,85440,55],{"class":54},[44,85442,37993],{"class":139},[44,85444,133],{"class":58},[1044,85446,85448],{"id":85447},"miniterable",[15,85449,85450],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85452,85453],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,85455,85457],{"className":37,"code":85456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85458,85459,85483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85460,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85462,884],{"class":50},[44,85464,55],{"class":54},[44,85466,1954],{"class":58},[44,85468,2973],{"class":62},[44,85470,66],{"class":58},[44,85472,74],{"class":62},[44,85474,66],{"class":58},[44,85476,31562],{"class":62},[44,85478,66],{"class":58},[44,85480,2212],{"class":62},[44,85482,1967],{"class":58},[44,85484,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85486,140],{"class":139},[44,85488,127],{"class":58},[44,85490,85282],{"class":139},[44,85492,127],{"class":58},[44,85494,4268],{"class":123},[44,85496,556],{"class":58},[20,85498,150],{},[35,85500,85501],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85502,85503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85504,85505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85506,47540],{"class":62},[1044,85508,85510],{"id":85509},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85511,85512],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85514,85515],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,85517,85519],{"className":37,"code":85518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85520,85521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85522,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85524,140],{"class":139},[44,85526,127],{"class":58},[44,85528,85282],{"class":139},[44,85530,127],{"class":58},[44,85532,2973],{"class":62},[44,85534,66],{"class":58},[44,85536,74],{"class":62},[44,85538,66],{"class":58},[44,85540,31562],{"class":62},[44,85542,66],{"class":58},[44,85544,2212],{"class":62},[44,85546,556],{"class":58},[20,85548,150],{},[35,85550,85551],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85552,85553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85554,85555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85556,47540],{"class":62},[1044,85558,85560],{"id":85559},"miniterable-key",[15,85561,85562],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85564,1296,85565,85567],{},[15,85566,15459],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,85569,85571],{"className":37,"code":85570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85572,85573,85605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85574,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85576,4692],{"class":50},[44,85578,55],{"class":54},[44,85580,1954],{"class":58},[44,85582,633],{"class":583},[44,85584,79368],{"class":587},[44,85586,633],{"class":583},[44,85588,66],{"class":58},[44,85590,643],{"class":583},[44,85592,38963],{"class":587},[44,85594,633],{"class":583},[44,85596,66],{"class":58},[44,85598,643],{"class":583},[44,85600,646],{"class":587},[44,85602,633],{"class":583},[44,85604,1967],{"class":58},[44,85606,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85608,140],{"class":139},[44,85610,127],{"class":58},[44,85612,85282],{"class":139},[44,85614,127],{"class":58},[44,85616,4734],{"class":123},[44,85618,66],{"class":58},[44,85620,22197],{"class":9798},[44,85622,55],{"class":54},[44,85624,2441],{"class":139},[44,85626,556],{"class":58},[20,85628,150],{},[35,85630,85632],{"className":37,"code":85631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,85633,85634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85635,85636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85637,85631],{"class":50},[20,85639,85640],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85642,85643,85644,85646,85647,120],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85645,42984],{},", see the ",[176,85648,85649,4130],{"href":42981},[15,85650,42984],{},[1044,85652,85654],{"id":85653},"miniterable-default",[15,85655,85656],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85658,1296,85659,85661],{},[15,85660,83559],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,85663,85665],{"className":37,"code":85664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85666,85667,85675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85668,85669,85671,85673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85670,884],{"class":50},[44,85672,55],{"class":54},[44,85674,8459],{"class":58},[44,85676,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85678,140],{"class":139},[44,85680,127],{"class":58},[44,85682,85282],{"class":139},[44,85684,127],{"class":58},[44,85686,4268],{"class":123},[44,85688,66],{"class":58},[44,85690,27142],{"class":9798},[44,85692,55],{"class":54},[44,85694,2748],{"class":62},[44,85696,556],{"class":58},[20,85698,150],{},[35,85700,85701],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85702,85703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85704,85705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85706,47875],{"class":62},[20,85708,85709,85710,85712],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85711,41327],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,85714,863,85716,85718],{"id":85715},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85717,84857],{}," with numbers",[20,85720,85721,85723],{},[15,85722,84857],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,85725,85727],{"className":37,"code":85726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85728,85729,85754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85730,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85732,5681],{"class":50},[44,85734,55],{"class":54},[44,85736,1954],{"class":58},[44,85738,52130],{"class":62},[44,85740,66],{"class":58},[44,85742,85743],{"class":62}," 72",[44,85745,66],{"class":58},[44,85747,29525],{"class":62},[44,85749,66],{"class":58},[44,85751,76724],{"class":62},[44,85753,1967],{"class":58},[44,85755,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85757,140],{"class":139},[44,85759,127],{"class":58},[44,85761,85282],{"class":139},[44,85763,127],{"class":58},[44,85765,17007],{"class":123},[44,85767,556],{"class":58},[20,85769,150],{},[35,85771,85773],{"className":37,"code":85772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,85774,85775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85776,85777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85778,85772],{"class":62},[20,85780,85781],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,85783,85785],{"className":37,"code":85784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85786,85787,85808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85788,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85802,85804,85806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85790,83671],{"class":50},[44,85792,55],{"class":54},[44,85794,1954],{"class":58},[44,85796,41021],{"class":62},[44,85798,66],{"class":58},[44,85800,85801],{"class":62}," 5.49",[44,85803,66],{"class":58},[44,85805,83687],{"class":62},[44,85807,1967],{"class":58},[44,85809,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85811,140],{"class":139},[44,85813,127],{"class":58},[44,85815,85282],{"class":139},[44,85817,127],{"class":58},[44,85819,83707],{"class":123},[44,85821,556],{"class":58},[20,85823,150],{},[35,85825,85827],{"className":37,"code":85826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,85828,85829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85830,85831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85832,85826],{"class":62},[20,85834,85835],{},"This is useful for things like:",[205,85837,85838,85840,85842,85845],{},[208,85839,17007],{},[208,85841,83707],{},[208,85843,85844],{},"measurements",[208,85846,85847],{},"ages",[30,85849,863,85851,47682],{"id":85850},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85852,84857],{},[20,85854,85855,85857],{},[15,85856,84857],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,85859,85861],{"className":37,"code":85860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85862,85863,85895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85864,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85866,4692],{"class":50},[44,85868,55],{"class":54},[44,85870,1954],{"class":58},[44,85872,633],{"class":583},[44,85874,646],{"class":587},[44,85876,633],{"class":583},[44,85878,66],{"class":58},[44,85880,643],{"class":583},[44,85882,636],{"class":587},[44,85884,633],{"class":583},[44,85886,66],{"class":58},[44,85888,643],{"class":583},[44,85890,4717],{"class":587},[44,85892,633],{"class":583},[44,85894,1967],{"class":58},[44,85896,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85898,140],{"class":139},[44,85900,127],{"class":58},[44,85902,85282],{"class":139},[44,85904,127],{"class":58},[44,85906,4734],{"class":123},[44,85908,556],{"class":58},[20,85910,150],{},[35,85912,85914],{"className":37,"code":85913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,85915,85916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85917,85918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85919,85913],{"class":50},[20,85921,85922],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,85924,85926],{"className":37,"code":85925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85927,85928,85960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85929,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85931,4692],{"class":50},[44,85933,55],{"class":54},[44,85935,1954],{"class":58},[44,85937,633],{"class":583},[44,85939,646],{"class":587},[44,85941,633],{"class":583},[44,85943,66],{"class":58},[44,85945,643],{"class":583},[44,85947,58393],{"class":587},[44,85949,633],{"class":583},[44,85951,66],{"class":58},[44,85953,643],{"class":583},[44,85955,4717],{"class":587},[44,85957,633],{"class":583},[44,85959,1967],{"class":58},[44,85961,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,85963,140],{"class":139},[44,85965,127],{"class":58},[44,85967,85282],{"class":139},[44,85969,127],{"class":58},[44,85971,4734],{"class":123},[44,85973,556],{"class":58},[20,85975,150],{},[35,85977,85979],{"className":37,"code":85978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85980,85981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85982,85983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85984,85978],{"class":50},[20,85986,85987],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85989,85990,85991,120],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[176,85992,85993,6401],{"href":75145},[15,85994,75048],{},[30,85996,863,85998,86000],{"id":85997},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85999,84857],{}," with a key function",[20,86002,192,86003,86005],{},[15,86004,15459],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,86007,12076],{},[205,86009,86010,86015,86020],{},[208,86011,86012,86014],{},[15,86013,15459],{}," changes the comparison rule",[208,86016,86017,86019],{},[15,86018,84857],{}," still returns the original item",[208,86021,86022],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1044,86024,86026],{"id":86025},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,86028,86030],{"className":37,"code":86029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86031,86032,86065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86033,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86061,86063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86035,4692],{"class":50},[44,86037,55],{"class":54},[44,86039,1954],{"class":58},[44,86041,633],{"class":583},[44,86043,68950],{"class":587},[44,86045,633],{"class":583},[44,86047,66],{"class":58},[44,86049,643],{"class":583},[44,86051,2122],{"class":587},[44,86053,633],{"class":583},[44,86055,66],{"class":58},[44,86057,643],{"class":583},[44,86059,86060],{"class":587},"giraffe",[44,86062,633],{"class":583},[44,86064,1967],{"class":58},[44,86066,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86068,140],{"class":139},[44,86070,127],{"class":58},[44,86072,85282],{"class":139},[44,86074,127],{"class":58},[44,86076,4734],{"class":123},[44,86078,66],{"class":58},[44,86080,22197],{"class":9798},[44,86082,55],{"class":54},[44,86084,2441],{"class":139},[44,86086,556],{"class":58},[20,86088,150],{},[35,86090,86092],{"className":37,"code":86091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,86093,86094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86095,86096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86097,86091],{"class":50},[1044,86099,86101],{"id":86100},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,86103,86105],{"className":37,"code":86104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,86106,86107,86117,86152,86184,86216,86220,86224,86263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86108,86109,86112,86114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86110,86111],{"class":50},"students ",[44,86113,55],{"class":54},[44,86115,86116],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,86118,86119,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86143,86145,86147,86149],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86120,86121],{"class":58},"    {",[44,86123,633],{"class":583},[44,86125,8287],{"class":587},[44,86127,633],{"class":583},[44,86129,1598],{"class":58},[44,86131,643],{"class":583},[44,86133,13497],{"class":587},[44,86135,633],{"class":583},[44,86137,66],{"class":58},[44,86139,643],{"class":583},[44,86141,86142],{"class":587},"score",[44,86144,633],{"class":583},[44,86146,1598],{"class":58},[44,86148,14124],{"class":62},[44,86150,86151],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,86153,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,86155,86121],{"class":58},[44,86157,633],{"class":583},[44,86159,8287],{"class":587},[44,86161,633],{"class":583},[44,86163,1598],{"class":58},[44,86165,643],{"class":583},[44,86167,36562],{"class":587},[44,86169,633],{"class":583},[44,86171,66],{"class":58},[44,86173,643],{"class":583},[44,86175,86142],{"class":587},[44,86177,633],{"class":583},[44,86179,1598],{"class":58},[44,86181,85743],{"class":62},[44,86183,86151],{"class":58},[44,86185,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,86187,86121],{"class":58},[44,86189,633],{"class":583},[44,86191,8287],{"class":587},[44,86193,633],{"class":583},[44,86195,1598],{"class":58},[44,86197,643],{"class":583},[44,86199,36571],{"class":587},[44,86201,633],{"class":583},[44,86203,66],{"class":58},[44,86205,643],{"class":583},[44,86207,86142],{"class":587},[44,86209,633],{"class":583},[44,86211,1598],{"class":58},[44,86213,20516],{"class":62},[44,86215,82],{"class":58},[44,86217,86218],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,86219,1967],{"class":58},[44,86221,86222],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,86223,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,86225,86226,86229,86231,86234,86236,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,86227,86228],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,86230,55],{"class":54},[44,86232,86233],{"class":139}," min",[44,86235,127],{"class":58},[44,86237,86238],{"class":123},"students",[44,86240,66],{"class":58},[44,86242,22197],{"class":9798},[44,86244,55],{"class":54},[44,86246,38281],{"class":579},[44,86248,13523],{"class":38284},[44,86250,1598],{"class":58},[44,86252,13523],{"class":123},[44,86254,4521],{"class":58},[44,86256,633],{"class":583},[44,86258,86142],{"class":587},[44,86260,633],{"class":583},[44,86262,4509],{"class":58},[44,86264,86265,86267,86269,86272],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,86266,140],{"class":139},[44,86268,127],{"class":58},[44,86270,86271],{"class":123},"lowest",[44,86273,133],{"class":58},[20,86275,150],{},[35,86277,86279],{"className":37,"code":86278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86280,86281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86282,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86284,160],{"class":58},[44,86286,590],{"class":583},[44,86288,8287],{"class":587},[44,86290,590],{"class":583},[44,86292,1598],{"class":58},[44,86294,584],{"class":583},[44,86296,36562],{"class":587},[44,86298,590],{"class":583},[44,86300,66],{"class":58},[44,86302,584],{"class":583},[44,86304,86142],{"class":587},[44,86306,590],{"class":583},[44,86308,1598],{"class":58},[44,86310,85743],{"class":62},[44,86312,82],{"class":58},[20,86314,86315,86316,86319],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86317,86318],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,86321,863,86323,86325],{"id":86322},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86324,83559],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86327,86328],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,86330,86332],{"className":37,"code":86331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86333,86334,86342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86335,86336,86338,86340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86337,884],{"class":50},[44,86339,55],{"class":54},[44,86341,8459],{"class":58},[44,86343,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86345,140],{"class":139},[44,86347,127],{"class":58},[44,86349,85282],{"class":139},[44,86351,127],{"class":58},[44,86353,4268],{"class":123},[44,86355,556],{"class":58},[20,86357,150],{},[35,86359,86361],{"className":37,"code":86360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86362,86363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86364,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86366,41327],{"class":548},[44,86368,1598],{"class":58},[44,86370,86233],{"class":139},[44,86372,7984],{"class":58},[44,86374,84528],{"class":50},[44,86376,12810],{"class":54},[44,86378,84533],{"class":50},[20,86380,86381,86382,1598],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86383,83559],{},[35,86385,86387],{"className":37,"code":86386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86388,86389,86397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86390,86391,86393,86395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86392,884],{"class":50},[44,86394,55],{"class":54},[44,86396,8459],{"class":58},[44,86398,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86400,140],{"class":139},[44,86402,127],{"class":58},[44,86404,85282],{"class":139},[44,86406,127],{"class":58},[44,86408,4268],{"class":123},[44,86410,66],{"class":58},[44,86412,27142],{"class":9798},[44,86414,55],{"class":54},[44,86416,4398],{"class":4471},[44,86418,556],{"class":58},[20,86420,150],{},[35,86422,86423],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86424,86425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86426,86427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86428,12424],{"class":4471},[20,86430,86431],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86433,86434],{},"Remember:",[205,86436,86437,86445],{},[208,86438,86439,86441,86442,86444],{},[15,86440,83559],{}," works only when ",[15,86443,84857],{}," gets one iterable argument",[208,86446,86447,86448],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86449,86450],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86452,86453,86454,120],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[176,86455,66463],{"href":73502},[30,86457,11363],{"id":11362},[20,86459,57401,86460,120],{},[15,86461,84857],{},[1044,86463,86465,86466],{"id":86464},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86467,83559],{},[20,86469,3625,86470,1598],{},[15,86471,41327],{},[35,86473,86475],{"className":37,"code":86474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86476,86477,86485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86478,86479,86481,86483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86480,8399],{"class":50},[44,86482,55],{"class":54},[44,86484,8459],{"class":58},[44,86486,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86488,140],{"class":139},[44,86490,127],{"class":58},[44,86492,85282],{"class":139},[44,86494,127],{"class":58},[44,86496,8430],{"class":123},[44,86498,556],{"class":58},[20,86500,86501],{},"Fix it by:",[205,86503,86504,86507],{},[208,86505,86506],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[208,86508,86509,86510],{},"or using ",[15,86511,83559],{},[35,86513,86515],{"className":37,"code":86514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86516,86517,86525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86518,86519,86521,86523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86520,8399],{"class":50},[44,86522,55],{"class":54},[44,86524,8459],{"class":58},[44,86526,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86548,86550],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86528,140],{"class":139},[44,86530,127],{"class":58},[44,86532,85282],{"class":139},[44,86534,127],{"class":58},[44,86536,8430],{"class":123},[44,86538,66],{"class":58},[44,86540,27142],{"class":9798},[44,86542,55],{"class":54},[44,86544,633],{"class":583},[44,86546,86547],{"class":587},"no items",[44,86549,633],{"class":583},[44,86551,556],{"class":58},[1044,86553,86555],{"id":86554},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86557,86558],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,86560,86562],{"className":37,"code":86561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86563,86564,86588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86565,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86567,9788],{"class":50},[44,86569,55],{"class":54},[44,86571,1954],{"class":58},[44,86573,2958],{"class":62},[44,86575,66],{"class":58},[44,86577,643],{"class":583},[44,86579,16372],{"class":587},[44,86581,633],{"class":583},[44,86583,66],{"class":58},[44,86585,104],{"class":62},[44,86587,1967],{"class":58},[44,86589,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86591,140],{"class":139},[44,86593,127],{"class":58},[44,86595,85282],{"class":139},[44,86597,127],{"class":58},[44,86599,9827],{"class":123},[44,86601,556],{"class":58},[20,86603,150],{},[35,86605,86607],{"className":37,"code":86606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,86608,86609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86610,86611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86612,86606],{"class":548},[20,86614,86615],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86617,86618,86619,120],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86620,84857],{},[35,86622,86624],{"className":37,"code":86623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86625,86626,86650,86676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86627,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86629,9788],{"class":50},[44,86631,55],{"class":54},[44,86633,1954],{"class":58},[44,86635,2958],{"class":62},[44,86637,66],{"class":58},[44,86639,643],{"class":583},[44,86641,16372],{"class":587},[44,86643,633],{"class":583},[44,86645,66],{"class":58},[44,86647,104],{"class":62},[44,86649,1967],{"class":58},[44,86651,86652,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86653,884],{"class":50},[44,86655,55],{"class":54},[44,86657,1954],{"class":58},[44,86659,2816],{"class":548},[44,86661,127],{"class":58},[44,86663,2801],{"class":123},[44,86665,4281],{"class":58},[44,86667,4497],{"class":4496},[44,86669,4500],{"class":50},[44,86671,4503],{"class":4496},[44,86673,15184],{"class":50},[44,86675,1967],{"class":58},[44,86677,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,86679,140],{"class":139},[44,86681,127],{"class":58},[44,86683,85282],{"class":139},[44,86685,127],{"class":58},[44,86687,4268],{"class":123},[44,86689,556],{"class":58},[20,86691,150],{},[35,86693,86694],{"className":37,"code":3570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86695,86696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86697,86698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86699,3570],{"class":62},[20,86701,86702,86703,120],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86704,3628],{},[1044,86706,86708],{"id":86707},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86710,86711],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,86713,86715],{"className":37,"code":86714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86716,86717,86749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86718,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86720,4692],{"class":50},[44,86722,55],{"class":54},[44,86724,1954],{"class":58},[44,86726,633],{"class":583},[44,86728,80184],{"class":587},[44,86730,633],{"class":583},[44,86732,66],{"class":58},[44,86734,643],{"class":583},[44,86736,58393],{"class":587},[44,86738,633],{"class":583},[44,86740,66],{"class":58},[44,86742,643],{"class":583},[44,86744,80201],{"class":587},[44,86746,633],{"class":583},[44,86748,1967],{"class":58},[44,86750,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86752,140],{"class":139},[44,86754,127],{"class":58},[44,86756,85282],{"class":139},[44,86758,127],{"class":58},[44,86760,4734],{"class":123},[44,86762,556],{"class":58},[20,86764,150],{},[35,86766,86767],{"className":37,"code":85978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86768,86769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86770,86771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86772,85978],{"class":50},[20,86774,86775],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,86777,86779],{"className":37,"code":86778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86780,86781,86813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86782,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86784,4692],{"class":50},[44,86786,55],{"class":54},[44,86788,1954],{"class":58},[44,86790,633],{"class":583},[44,86792,80184],{"class":587},[44,86794,633],{"class":583},[44,86796,66],{"class":58},[44,86798,643],{"class":583},[44,86800,58393],{"class":587},[44,86802,633],{"class":583},[44,86804,66],{"class":58},[44,86806,643],{"class":583},[44,86808,80201],{"class":587},[44,86810,633],{"class":583},[44,86812,1967],{"class":58},[44,86814,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86816,140],{"class":139},[44,86818,127],{"class":58},[44,86820,85282],{"class":139},[44,86822,127],{"class":58},[44,86824,4734],{"class":123},[44,86826,66],{"class":58},[44,86828,22197],{"class":9798},[44,86830,55],{"class":54},[44,86832,4064],{"class":548},[44,86834,120],{"class":58},[44,86836,9262],{"class":25368},[44,86838,556],{"class":58},[20,86840,150],{},[35,86842,86843],{"className":37,"code":85978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86844,86845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86846,86847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86848,85978],{"class":50},[20,86850,86851],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,86853,5578,86855],{"id":86854},"when-to-use-min",[15,86856,84857],{},[20,86858,1296,86859,11220],{},[15,86860,84857],{},[205,86862,86863,86866,86871],{},[208,86864,86865],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[208,86867,86868,86869],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86870,15459],{},[208,86872,86873],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86875,1296,86876,86880],{},[176,86877,86878],{"href":75145},[15,86879,75048],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86882,1296,86883,86888],{},[176,86884,86886],{"href":86885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86887,83204],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,86890,3454],{"id":3453},[20,86892,84862],{},[205,86894,86895,86903,86906,86911,86918],{},[208,86896,86897,86898,86900,86901],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86899,84857],{}," without using ",[15,86902,83559],{},[208,86904,86905],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[208,86907,9075,86908,86910],{},[15,86909,84857],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[208,86912,5321,86913,86915,86916,86019],{},[15,86914,15459],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86917,84857],{},[208,86919,863,86920,86922],{},[15,86921,83559],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86924,86925,86926,86928],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86927,84857],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,86930,86932],{"className":37,"code":86931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86933,86934,86948,86958,86972,86986,87008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86935,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86937,140],{"class":139},[44,86939,127],{"class":58},[44,86941,549],{"class":548},[44,86943,127],{"class":58},[44,86945,9827],{"class":123},[44,86947,556],{"class":58},[44,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,86951,140],{"class":139},[44,86953,127],{"class":58},[44,86955,9827],{"class":123},[44,86957,133],{"class":58},[44,86959,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,86961,140],{"class":139},[44,86963,127],{"class":58},[44,86965,2441],{"class":139},[44,86967,127],{"class":58},[44,86969,9827],{"class":123},[44,86971,556],{"class":58},[44,86973,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,86975,140],{"class":139},[44,86977,127],{"class":58},[44,86979,85282],{"class":139},[44,86981,127],{"class":58},[44,86983,9827],{"class":123},[44,86985,556],{"class":58},[44,86987,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,86989,140],{"class":139},[44,86991,127],{"class":58},[44,86993,85282],{"class":139},[44,86995,127],{"class":58},[44,86997,9827],{"class":123},[44,86999,66],{"class":58},[44,87001,27142],{"class":9798},[44,87003,55],{"class":54},[44,87005,4398],{"class":4471},[44,87007,556],{"class":58},[44,87009,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,87011,140],{"class":139},[44,87013,127],{"class":58},[44,87015,85282],{"class":139},[44,87017,127],{"class":58},[44,87019,4734],{"class":123},[44,87021,66],{"class":58},[44,87023,22197],{"class":9798},[44,87025,55],{"class":54},[44,87027,2441],{"class":139},[44,87029,556],{"class":58},[20,87031,87032,87033,87036,87037,87039],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,87034,87035],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,87038,9827],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,87041,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,87043,5760,87045,5763],{"id":87044},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,87046,84857],{},[20,87048,87049],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1044,87051,5788,87053,85038],{"id":87052},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,87054,84857],{},[20,87056,87057],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1044,87059,72270],{"id":72269},[20,87061,87062,53120,87064,85050,87066,37244],{},[15,87063,84857],{},[15,87065,41327],{},[15,87067,83559],{},[1044,87069,5760,87071,87073,87074,1447],{"id":87070},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,87072,15459],{}," do in ",[15,87075,84857],{},[20,87077,87078,87080,87081,87083],{},[15,87079,15459],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,87082,84111],{}," compares strings by length.",[1044,87085,2492,87087,2495,87089,1447],{"id":87086},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,87088,84857],{},[15,87090,75048],{},[20,87092,87093,87095,87096,87098],{},[15,87094,84857],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,87097,75048],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,87100,2528],{"id":2527},[205,87102,87103,87109,87115,87121,87125,87129],{},[208,87104,87105],{},[176,87106,87107,4130],{"href":86885},[15,87108,83204],{},[208,87110,87111],{},[176,87112,87113,4130],{"href":75145},[15,87114,75048],{},[208,87116,87117],{},[176,87118,87119,4130],{"href":42981},[15,87120,42984],{},[208,87122,87123],{},[176,87124,80497],{"href":79000},[208,87126,87127],{},[176,87128,59578],{"href":59577},[208,87130,87131],{},[176,87132,66463],{"href":73502},[2554,87134,87135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":87137},[87138,87139,87141,87147,87149,87151,87156,87158,87164,87166,87167,87178],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":85341,"depth":85,"text":87140},"What min() does",{"id":85362,"depth":85,"text":85363,"children":87142},[87143,87144,87145,87146],{"id":85447,"depth":109,"text":85450},{"id":85509,"depth":109,"text":85512},{"id":85559,"depth":109,"text":85562},{"id":85653,"depth":109,"text":85656},{"id":85715,"depth":85,"text":87148},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85850,"depth":85,"text":87150},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85997,"depth":85,"text":87152,"children":87153},"Using min() with a key function",[87154,87155],{"id":86025,"depth":109,"text":86026},{"id":86100,"depth":109,"text":86101},{"id":86322,"depth":85,"text":87157},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11362,"depth":85,"text":11363,"children":87159},[87160,87162,87163],{"id":86464,"depth":109,"text":87161},"Empty list without default",{"id":86554,"depth":109,"text":86555},{"id":86707,"depth":109,"text":86708},{"id":86854,"depth":85,"text":87165},"When to use min()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":87168},[87169,87171,87173,87174,87176],{"id":87044,"depth":109,"text":87170},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":87052,"depth":109,"text":87172},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72269,"depth":109,"text":72270},{"id":87070,"depth":109,"text":87175},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87086,"depth":109,"text":87177},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85224,"description":87179},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87186,"title":87187,"body":87188,"description":89367,"extension":2593,"meta":89368,"navigation":364,"path":89369,"seo":89370,"stem":89371,"__hash__":89372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87189,"toc":89331},[87190,87193,87199,87205,87207,87288,87297,87301,87306,87308,87353,87355,87435,87441,87443,87446,87478,87480,87498,87500,87573,87575,87594,87598,87601,87637,87639,87706,87780,87853,87858,87862,87868,87871,87888,87891,87893,87954,87956,87976,87982,87986,87989,88059,88062,88081,88086,88162,88165,88169,88175,88179,88184,88254,88258,88263,88337,88341,88344,88419,88430,88434,88439,88529,88534,88602,88605,88624,88635,88639,88642,88647,88650,88712,88715,88726,88731,88734,88737,88742,88745,88748,88752,88755,88761,88764,88775,88777,88839,88854,88860,88863,88866,88877,88888,88894,88897,88899,88961,88971,88977,88982,88988,88992,88998,89001,89022,89024,89029,89056,89059,89086,89089,89128,89131,89169,89172,89233,89236,89238,89242,89245,89249,89255,89263,89271,89275,89278,89282,89288,89290,89328],[10,87191,87187],{"id":87192},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87194,87195,87198],{},[15,87196,87197],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87200,87201,87202,87204],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87203,87197],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,87206,2634],{"id":2633},[35,87208,87210],{"className":37,"code":87209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87211,87212,87261,87277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87213,87214,87217,87220,87222,87224,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87242,87244,87246,87249,87251,87253,87255,87259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87215,87216],{"class":4496},"with",[44,87218,87219],{"class":139}," open",[44,87221,127],{"class":58},[44,87223,633],{"class":583},[44,87225,87226],{"class":587},"example.txt",[44,87228,633],{"class":583},[44,87230,66],{"class":58},[44,87232,643],{"class":583},[44,87234,61128],{"class":587},[44,87236,633],{"class":583},[44,87238,66],{"class":58},[44,87240,87241],{"class":9798}," encoding",[44,87243,55],{"class":54},[44,87245,633],{"class":583},[44,87247,87248],{"class":587},"utf-8",[44,87250,633],{"class":583},[44,87252,4281],{"class":58},[44,87254,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87256,87258],{"class":87257},"sMMDD"," file",[44,87260,7011],{"class":58},[44,87262,87263,87266,87268,87270,87272,87275],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87264,87265],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,87267,55],{"class":54},[44,87269,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87271,120],{"class":58},[44,87273,87274],{"class":123},"read",[44,87276,571],{"class":58},[44,87278,87279,87281,87283,87286],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87280,8690],{"class":139},[44,87282,127],{"class":58},[44,87284,87285],{"class":123},"content",[44,87287,133],{"class":58},[20,87289,1296,87290,87292,87293,87296],{},[15,87291,87216],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87294,87295],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,87298,87300],{"id":87299},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87302,87303,87305],{},[15,87304,87197],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87307,12076],{},[205,87309,87310,87313,87318,87323],{},[208,87311,87312],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[208,87314,1801,87315,87317],{},[197,87316,199],{}," read or write anything by itself",[208,87319,18039,87320],{},[197,87321,87322],{},"file object",[208,87324,87325,87326],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[205,87327,87328,87333,87338,87343,87348],{},[208,87329,87330],{},[15,87331,87332],{},"read()",[208,87334,87335],{},[15,87336,87337],{},"readline()",[208,87339,87340],{},[15,87341,87342],{},"readlines()",[208,87344,87345],{},[15,87346,87347],{},"write()",[208,87349,87350],{},[15,87351,87352],{},"close()",[20,87354,295],{},[35,87356,87358],{"className":37,"code":87357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87359,87360,87399,87414,87424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87361,87362,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87363,87364],{"class":87257},"file",[44,87366,13893],{"class":54},[44,87368,87219],{"class":139},[44,87370,127],{"class":58},[44,87372,633],{"class":583},[44,87374,87226],{"class":587},[44,87376,633],{"class":583},[44,87378,66],{"class":58},[44,87380,643],{"class":583},[44,87382,61128],{"class":587},[44,87384,633],{"class":583},[44,87386,66],{"class":58},[44,87388,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87390,55],{"class":54},[44,87392,633],{"class":583},[44,87394,87248],{"class":587},[44,87396,633],{"class":583},[44,87398,133],{"class":58},[44,87400,87401,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87402,87403],{"class":50},"content ",[44,87405,55],{"class":54},[44,87407,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87409,120],{"class":58},[44,87411,87274],{"class":123},[44,87413,571],{"class":58},[44,87415,87416,87418,87420,87422],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87417,140],{"class":139},[44,87419,127],{"class":58},[44,87421,87285],{"class":123},[44,87423,133],{"class":58},[44,87425,87426,87428,87430,87433],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,87427,87364],{"class":87257},[44,87429,120],{"class":58},[44,87431,87432],{"class":123},"close",[44,87434,571],{"class":58},[20,87436,87437,87438,87440],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87439,87216],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,87442,234],{"id":233},[20,87444,87445],{},"A common form is:",[35,87447,87449],{"className":37,"code":87448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87450,87451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87452,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87454,43050],{"class":139},[44,87456,127],{"class":58},[44,87458,87364],{"class":87257},[44,87460,66],{"class":58},[44,87462,87463],{"class":123}," mode",[44,87465,66],{"class":58},[44,87467,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87469,55],{"class":54},[44,87471,633],{"class":583},[44,87473,87248],{"class":587},[44,87475,633],{"class":583},[44,87477,133],{"class":58},[20,87479,65669],{},[205,87481,87482,87487,87492],{},[208,87483,87484,87486],{},[15,87485,87364],{}," is the file name or file path",[208,87488,87489,87491],{},[15,87490,21537],{}," controls how the file is opened",[208,87493,87494,87497],{},[15,87495,87496],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87499,295],{},[35,87501,87503],{"className":37,"code":87502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87504,87505,87548,87563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87506,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87508,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87510,87219],{"class":139},[44,87512,127],{"class":58},[44,87514,633],{"class":583},[44,87516,87517],{"class":587},"notes.txt",[44,87519,633],{"class":583},[44,87521,66],{"class":58},[44,87523,643],{"class":583},[44,87525,61128],{"class":587},[44,87527,633],{"class":583},[44,87529,66],{"class":58},[44,87531,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87533,55],{"class":54},[44,87535,633],{"class":583},[44,87537,87248],{"class":587},[44,87539,633],{"class":583},[44,87541,4281],{"class":58},[44,87543,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87545,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87547,7011],{"class":58},[44,87549,87550,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87551,87552],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,87554,55],{"class":54},[44,87556,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87558,120],{"class":58},[44,87560,87274],{"class":123},[44,87562,571],{"class":58},[44,87564,87565,87567,87569,87571],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87566,8690],{"class":139},[44,87568,127],{"class":58},[44,87570,35328],{"class":123},[44,87572,133],{"class":58},[20,87574,20575],{},[205,87576,87577,87583,87588],{},[208,87578,87579,87582],{},[15,87580,87581],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[208,87584,87585,87587],{},[15,87586,87295],{}," means open for reading",[208,87589,87590,87593],{},[15,87591,87592],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,87595,87597],{"id":87596},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87599,87600],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[205,87602,87603,87608,87614,87619,87625,87631],{},[208,87604,87605,87607],{},[15,87606,87295],{}," = read a text file",[208,87609,87610,87613],{},[15,87611,87612],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[208,87615,87616,87618],{},[15,87617,18714],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[208,87620,87621,87624],{},[15,87622,87623],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[208,87626,87627,87630],{},[15,87628,87629],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[208,87632,87633,87636],{},[15,87634,87635],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87638,2754],{},[35,87640,87642],{"className":37,"code":87641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87643,87644,87649,87692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87645,87646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87647,87648],{"class":1992},"# Read a text file\n",[44,87650,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87652,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87654,87219],{"class":139},[44,87656,127],{"class":58},[44,87658,633],{"class":583},[44,87660,87661],{"class":587},"data.txt",[44,87663,633],{"class":583},[44,87665,66],{"class":58},[44,87667,643],{"class":583},[44,87669,61128],{"class":587},[44,87671,633],{"class":583},[44,87673,66],{"class":58},[44,87675,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87677,55],{"class":54},[44,87679,633],{"class":583},[44,87681,87248],{"class":587},[44,87683,633],{"class":583},[44,87685,4281],{"class":58},[44,87687,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87689,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87691,7011],{"class":58},[44,87693,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87695,8690],{"class":139},[44,87697,127],{"class":58},[44,87699,87364],{"class":87257},[44,87701,120],{"class":58},[44,87703,87274],{"class":123},[44,87705,7812],{"class":58},[35,87707,87709],{"className":37,"code":87708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87710,87711,87716,87758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87712,87713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87714,87715],{"class":1992},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,87717,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87719,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87721,87219],{"class":139},[44,87723,127],{"class":58},[44,87725,633],{"class":583},[44,87727,87661],{"class":587},[44,87729,633],{"class":583},[44,87731,66],{"class":58},[44,87733,643],{"class":583},[44,87735,61111],{"class":587},[44,87737,633],{"class":583},[44,87739,66],{"class":58},[44,87741,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87743,55],{"class":54},[44,87745,633],{"class":583},[44,87747,87248],{"class":587},[44,87749,633],{"class":583},[44,87751,4281],{"class":58},[44,87753,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87755,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87757,7011],{"class":58},[44,87759,87760,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87776,87778],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87761,87762],{"class":87257},"    file",[44,87764,120],{"class":58},[44,87766,70819],{"class":123},[44,87768,127],{"class":58},[44,87770,633],{"class":583},[44,87772,35487],{"class":587},[44,87774,87775],{"class":35072},"\\n",[44,87777,633],{"class":583},[44,87779,133],{"class":58},[35,87781,87783],{"className":37,"code":87782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87784,87785,87790,87832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87786,87787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87788,87789],{"class":1992},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,87791,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87793,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87795,87219],{"class":139},[44,87797,127],{"class":58},[44,87799,633],{"class":583},[44,87801,87661],{"class":587},[44,87803,633],{"class":583},[44,87805,66],{"class":58},[44,87807,643],{"class":583},[44,87809,176],{"class":587},[44,87811,633],{"class":583},[44,87813,66],{"class":58},[44,87815,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87817,55],{"class":54},[44,87819,633],{"class":583},[44,87821,87248],{"class":587},[44,87823,633],{"class":583},[44,87825,4281],{"class":58},[44,87827,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87829,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87831,7011],{"class":58},[44,87833,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87847,87849,87851],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,87835,87762],{"class":87257},[44,87837,120],{"class":58},[44,87839,70819],{"class":123},[44,87841,127],{"class":58},[44,87843,633],{"class":583},[44,87845,87846],{"class":587},"Another line",[44,87848,87775],{"class":35072},[44,87850,633],{"class":583},[44,87852,133],{"class":58},[20,87854,69971,87855,87857],{},[15,87856,87612],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,87859,87861],{"id":87860},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87863,87864,22593,87866,120],{},[15,87865,87197],{},[197,87867,87322],{},[20,87869,87870],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[205,87872,87873,87878,87883],{},[208,87874,87875],{},[15,87876,87877],{},"file.read()",[208,87879,87880],{},[15,87881,87882],{},"file.write()",[208,87884,87885],{},[15,87886,87887],{},"file.close()",[20,87889,87890],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87892,295],{},[35,87894,87896],{"className":37,"code":87895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87897,87898,87940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87899,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87901,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87903,87219],{"class":139},[44,87905,127],{"class":58},[44,87907,633],{"class":583},[44,87909,87226],{"class":587},[44,87911,633],{"class":583},[44,87913,66],{"class":58},[44,87915,643],{"class":583},[44,87917,61128],{"class":587},[44,87919,633],{"class":583},[44,87921,66],{"class":58},[44,87923,87241],{"class":9798},[44,87925,55],{"class":54},[44,87927,633],{"class":583},[44,87929,87248],{"class":587},[44,87931,633],{"class":583},[44,87933,4281],{"class":58},[44,87935,47981],{"class":4496},[44,87937,87258],{"class":87257},[44,87939,7011],{"class":58},[44,87941,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,87943,8690],{"class":139},[44,87945,127],{"class":58},[44,87947,549],{"class":548},[44,87949,127],{"class":58},[44,87951,87364],{"class":87257},[44,87953,556],{"class":58},[20,87955,756],{},[35,87957,87959],{"className":37,"code":87958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87960,87961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87962,87963,87965,87967,87969,87972,87974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87964,576],{"class":54},[44,87966,580],{"class":579},[44,87968,584],{"class":583},[44,87970,87971],{"class":587},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87973,590],{"class":583},[44,87975,593],{"class":54},[20,87977,87978,87979,87981],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87980,87197],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87983,87985],{"id":87984},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87987,87988],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87990,87991],{"className":37,"code":87209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87992,87993,88035,88049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87994,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87996,87216],{"class":4496},[44,87998,87219],{"class":139},[44,88000,127],{"class":58},[44,88002,633],{"class":583},[44,88004,87226],{"class":587},[44,88006,633],{"class":583},[44,88008,66],{"class":58},[44,88010,643],{"class":583},[44,88012,61128],{"class":587},[44,88014,633],{"class":583},[44,88016,66],{"class":58},[44,88018,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88020,55],{"class":54},[44,88022,633],{"class":583},[44,88024,87248],{"class":587},[44,88026,633],{"class":583},[44,88028,4281],{"class":58},[44,88030,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88032,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88034,7011],{"class":58},[44,88036,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88038,87265],{"class":50},[44,88040,55],{"class":54},[44,88042,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88044,120],{"class":58},[44,88046,87274],{"class":123},[44,88048,571],{"class":58},[44,88050,88051,88053,88055,88057],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88052,8690],{"class":139},[44,88054,127],{"class":58},[44,88056,87285],{"class":123},[44,88058,133],{"class":58},[20,88060,88061],{},"Why this is recommended:",[205,88063,88064,88069,88075,88078],{},[208,88065,88066,88068],{},[15,88067,87216],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[208,88070,88071,88072,88074],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,88073,87352],{}," yourself",[208,88076,88077],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[208,88079,88080],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,88082,84374,88083,88085],{},[15,88084,87216],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,88087,88088],{"className":37,"code":87357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,88089,88090,88128,88142,88152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88091,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88093,87364],{"class":87257},[44,88095,13893],{"class":54},[44,88097,87219],{"class":139},[44,88099,127],{"class":58},[44,88101,633],{"class":583},[44,88103,87226],{"class":587},[44,88105,633],{"class":583},[44,88107,66],{"class":58},[44,88109,643],{"class":583},[44,88111,61128],{"class":587},[44,88113,633],{"class":583},[44,88115,66],{"class":58},[44,88117,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88119,55],{"class":54},[44,88121,633],{"class":583},[44,88123,87248],{"class":587},[44,88125,633],{"class":583},[44,88127,133],{"class":58},[44,88129,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88131,87403],{"class":50},[44,88133,55],{"class":54},[44,88135,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88137,120],{"class":58},[44,88139,87274],{"class":123},[44,88141,571],{"class":58},[44,88143,88144,88146,88148,88150],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88145,140],{"class":139},[44,88147,127],{"class":58},[44,88149,87285],{"class":123},[44,88151,133],{"class":58},[44,88153,88154,88156,88158,88160],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,88155,87364],{"class":87257},[44,88157,120],{"class":58},[44,88159,87432],{"class":123},[44,88161,571],{"class":58},[20,88163,88164],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,88166,88168],{"id":88167},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88170,88171,88172,88174],{},"Use mode ",[15,88173,87295],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1044,88176,88178],{"id":88177},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88180,88181,88183],{},[15,88182,87332],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,88185,88186],{"className":37,"code":87209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,88187,88188,88230,88244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88189,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88191,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88193,87219],{"class":139},[44,88195,127],{"class":58},[44,88197,633],{"class":583},[44,88199,87226],{"class":587},[44,88201,633],{"class":583},[44,88203,66],{"class":58},[44,88205,643],{"class":583},[44,88207,61128],{"class":587},[44,88209,633],{"class":583},[44,88211,66],{"class":58},[44,88213,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88215,55],{"class":54},[44,88217,633],{"class":583},[44,88219,87248],{"class":587},[44,88221,633],{"class":583},[44,88223,4281],{"class":58},[44,88225,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88227,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88229,7011],{"class":58},[44,88231,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88233,87265],{"class":50},[44,88235,55],{"class":54},[44,88237,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88239,120],{"class":58},[44,88241,87274],{"class":123},[44,88243,571],{"class":58},[44,88245,88246,88248,88250,88252],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88247,8690],{"class":139},[44,88249,127],{"class":58},[44,88251,87285],{"class":123},[44,88253,133],{"class":58},[1044,88255,88257],{"id":88256},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88259,88260,88262],{},[15,88261,87337],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,88264,88266],{"className":37,"code":88265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88267,88268,88310,88326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88269,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88271,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88273,87219],{"class":139},[44,88275,127],{"class":58},[44,88277,633],{"class":583},[44,88279,87226],{"class":587},[44,88281,633],{"class":583},[44,88283,66],{"class":58},[44,88285,643],{"class":583},[44,88287,61128],{"class":587},[44,88289,633],{"class":583},[44,88291,66],{"class":58},[44,88293,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88295,55],{"class":54},[44,88297,633],{"class":583},[44,88299,87248],{"class":587},[44,88301,633],{"class":583},[44,88303,4281],{"class":58},[44,88305,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88307,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88309,7011],{"class":58},[44,88311,88312,88315,88317,88319,88321,88324],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88313,88314],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,88316,55],{"class":54},[44,88318,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88320,120],{"class":58},[44,88322,88323],{"class":123},"readline",[44,88325,571],{"class":58},[44,88327,88328,88330,88332,88335],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88329,8690],{"class":139},[44,88331,127],{"class":58},[44,88333,88334],{"class":123},"first_line",[44,88336,133],{"class":58},[1044,88338,88340],{"id":88339},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88342,88343],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,88345,88347],{"className":37,"code":88346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88348,88349,88391,88405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88350,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367,88369,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383,88385,88387,88389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88352,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88354,87219],{"class":139},[44,88356,127],{"class":58},[44,88358,633],{"class":583},[44,88360,87226],{"class":587},[44,88362,633],{"class":583},[44,88364,66],{"class":58},[44,88366,643],{"class":583},[44,88368,61128],{"class":587},[44,88370,633],{"class":583},[44,88372,66],{"class":58},[44,88374,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88376,55],{"class":54},[44,88378,633],{"class":583},[44,88380,87248],{"class":587},[44,88382,633],{"class":583},[44,88384,4281],{"class":58},[44,88386,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88388,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88390,7011],{"class":58},[44,88392,88393,88396,88399,88401,88403],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88394,88395],{"class":4496},"    for",[44,88397,88398],{"class":50}," line ",[44,88400,4503],{"class":4496},[44,88402,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88404,7011],{"class":58},[44,88406,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88408,47961],{"class":139},[44,88410,127],{"class":58},[44,88412,46],{"class":123},[44,88414,120],{"class":58},[44,88416,9256],{"class":123},[44,88418,7812],{"class":58},[20,88420,88421,88422,428,88426,120],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[176,88423,88425],{"href":88424},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[176,88427,88429],{"href":88428},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,88431,88433],{"id":88432},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88435,1296,88436,88438],{},[15,88437,87612],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,88440,88442],{"className":37,"code":88441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88443,88444,88487,88508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88445,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88447,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88449,87219],{"class":139},[44,88451,127],{"class":58},[44,88453,633],{"class":583},[44,88455,88456],{"class":587},"output.txt",[44,88458,633],{"class":583},[44,88460,66],{"class":58},[44,88462,643],{"class":583},[44,88464,61111],{"class":587},[44,88466,633],{"class":583},[44,88468,66],{"class":58},[44,88470,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88472,55],{"class":54},[44,88474,633],{"class":583},[44,88476,87248],{"class":587},[44,88478,633],{"class":583},[44,88480,4281],{"class":58},[44,88482,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88484,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88486,7011],{"class":58},[44,88488,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499,88502,88504,88506],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88490,87762],{"class":87257},[44,88492,120],{"class":58},[44,88494,70819],{"class":123},[44,88496,127],{"class":58},[44,88498,633],{"class":583},[44,88500,88501],{"class":587},"First line",[44,88503,87775],{"class":35072},[44,88505,633],{"class":583},[44,88507,133],{"class":58},[44,88509,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88523,88525,88527],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,88511,87762],{"class":87257},[44,88513,120],{"class":58},[44,88515,70819],{"class":123},[44,88517,127],{"class":58},[44,88519,633],{"class":583},[44,88521,88522],{"class":587},"Second line",[44,88524,87775],{"class":35072},[44,88526,633],{"class":583},[44,88528,133],{"class":58},[20,88530,1296,88531,88533],{},[15,88532,18714],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,88535,88537],{"className":37,"code":88536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88538,88539,88581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88540,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88542,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88544,87219],{"class":139},[44,88546,127],{"class":58},[44,88548,633],{"class":583},[44,88550,88456],{"class":587},[44,88552,633],{"class":583},[44,88554,66],{"class":58},[44,88556,643],{"class":583},[44,88558,176],{"class":587},[44,88560,633],{"class":583},[44,88562,66],{"class":58},[44,88564,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88566,55],{"class":54},[44,88568,633],{"class":583},[44,88570,87248],{"class":587},[44,88572,633],{"class":583},[44,88574,4281],{"class":58},[44,88576,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88578,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88580,7011],{"class":58},[44,88582,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88596,88598,88600],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88584,87762],{"class":87257},[44,88586,120],{"class":58},[44,88588,70819],{"class":123},[44,88590,127],{"class":58},[44,88592,633],{"class":583},[44,88594,88595],{"class":587},"Third line",[44,88597,87775],{"class":35072},[44,88599,633],{"class":583},[44,88601,133],{"class":58},[20,88603,88604],{},"Important detail:",[205,88606,88607,88612,88619],{},[208,88608,88609,88611],{},[15,88610,87347],{}," writes a string",[208,88613,88614,14671,88616,88618],{},[15,88615,87347],{},[197,88617,199],{}," add a newline for you",[208,88620,88621,88622,88074],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88623,87775],{},[20,88625,88626,88627,428,88631,120],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[176,88628,88630],{"href":88629},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[176,88632,88634],{"href":88633},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,88636,88638],{"id":88637},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88640,88641],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1044,88643,88645],{"id":88644},"encodingutf-8",[15,88646,87592],{},[20,88648,88649],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,88651,88653],{"className":37,"code":88652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88654,88655,88698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88658,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88660,87219],{"class":139},[44,88662,127],{"class":58},[44,88664,633],{"class":583},[44,88666,88667],{"class":587},"message.txt",[44,88669,633],{"class":583},[44,88671,66],{"class":58},[44,88673,643],{"class":583},[44,88675,61128],{"class":587},[44,88677,633],{"class":583},[44,88679,66],{"class":58},[44,88681,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88683,55],{"class":54},[44,88685,633],{"class":583},[44,88687,87248],{"class":587},[44,88689,633],{"class":583},[44,88691,4281],{"class":58},[44,88693,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88695,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88697,7011],{"class":58},[44,88699,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88701,8690],{"class":139},[44,88703,127],{"class":58},[44,88705,87364],{"class":87257},[44,88707,120],{"class":58},[44,88709,87274],{"class":123},[44,88711,7812],{"class":58},[20,88713,88714],{},"Why it matters:",[205,88716,88717,88720,88723],{},[208,88718,88719],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[208,88721,88722],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[208,88724,88725],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1044,88727,88729],{"id":88728},"newline",[15,88730,88728],{},[20,88732,88733],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88735,88736],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1044,88738,88740],{"id":88739},"buffering",[15,88741,88739],{},[20,88743,88744],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88746,88747],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,88749,88751],{"id":88750},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88753,88754],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1044,88756,88758],{"id":88757},"filenotfounderror",[15,88759,88760],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88762,88763],{},"This happens when:",[205,88765,88766,88769,88772],{},[208,88767,88768],{},"the file does not exist",[208,88770,88771],{},"the path is wrong",[208,88773,88774],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88776,295],{},[35,88778,88780],{"className":37,"code":88779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88781,88782,88825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88783,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88795,88797,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88785,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88787,87219],{"class":139},[44,88789,127],{"class":58},[44,88791,633],{"class":583},[44,88793,88794],{"class":587},"missing.txt",[44,88796,633],{"class":583},[44,88798,66],{"class":58},[44,88800,643],{"class":583},[44,88802,61128],{"class":587},[44,88804,633],{"class":583},[44,88806,66],{"class":58},[44,88808,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88810,55],{"class":54},[44,88812,633],{"class":583},[44,88814,87248],{"class":587},[44,88816,633],{"class":583},[44,88818,4281],{"class":58},[44,88820,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88822,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88824,7011],{"class":58},[44,88826,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88828,8690],{"class":139},[44,88830,127],{"class":58},[44,88832,87364],{"class":87257},[44,88834,120],{"class":58},[44,88836,87274],{"class":123},[44,88838,7812],{"class":58},[20,88840,88841,88842,2495,88850,120],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[176,88843,88845,88846,88849],{"href":88844},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,88847,88848],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[176,88851,88853],{"href":88852},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1044,88855,88857],{"id":88856},"permissionerror",[15,88858,88859],{},"PermissionError",[20,88861,88862],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88864,88865],{},"Example causes:",[205,88867,88868,88871,88874],{},[208,88869,88870],{},"the file is protected",[208,88872,88873],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[208,88875,88876],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88878,88879,88880],{},"Related page: ",[176,88881,88883,88884,88887],{"href":88882},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,88885,88886],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1044,88889,88891],{"id":88890},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88892,88893],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88895,88896],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88898,295],{},[35,88900,88902],{"className":37,"code":88901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88903,88904,88947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88905,88906,88908,88910,88912,88914,88917,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937,88939,88941,88943,88945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88907,87216],{"class":4496},[44,88909,87219],{"class":139},[44,88911,127],{"class":58},[44,88913,633],{"class":583},[44,88915,88916],{"class":587},"my_folder",[44,88918,633],{"class":583},[44,88920,66],{"class":58},[44,88922,643],{"class":583},[44,88924,61128],{"class":587},[44,88926,633],{"class":583},[44,88928,66],{"class":58},[44,88930,87241],{"class":9798},[44,88932,55],{"class":54},[44,88934,633],{"class":583},[44,88936,87248],{"class":587},[44,88938,633],{"class":583},[44,88940,4281],{"class":58},[44,88942,47981],{"class":4496},[44,88944,87258],{"class":87257},[44,88946,7011],{"class":58},[44,88948,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,88950,8690],{"class":139},[44,88952,127],{"class":58},[44,88954,87364],{"class":87257},[44,88956,120],{"class":58},[44,88958,87274],{"class":123},[44,88960,7812],{"class":58},[20,88962,88879,88963],{},[176,88964,88966,88967,88970],{"href":88965},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88968,88969],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1044,88972,88974],{"id":88973},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88975,88976],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88978,88979,88980,120],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88981,87197],{},[20,88983,88879,88984],{},[176,88985,88987],{"href":88986},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88989,88991],{"id":88990},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88993,88994,88995,88997],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88996,87197],{}," function.",[20,88999,89000],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[205,89002,89003,89006,89009,89015],{},[208,89004,89005],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[208,89007,89008],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[208,89010,89011,89012,89014],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,89013,87197],{}," itself",[208,89016,89017,89018],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[176,89019,89021],{"href":89020},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,89023,3454],{"id":3453},[20,89025,89026,89027,1598],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,89028,87197],{},[205,89030,89031,89036,89042,89047,89050,89053],{},[208,89032,863,89033,89035],{},[15,89034,87295],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[208,89037,89038,89039,89041],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,89040,87496],{}," for text files",[208,89043,863,89044,89046],{},[15,89045,87612],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[208,89048,89049],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[208,89051,89052],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[208,89054,89055],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,89057,89058],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,89060,89062],{"className":37,"code":89061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,89063,89064,89071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89065,89066,89068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89067,35711],{"class":4496},[44,89069,89070],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,89072,89073,89075,89077,89079,89081,89084],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89074,140],{"class":139},[44,89076,127],{"class":58},[44,89078,43249],{"class":123},[44,89080,120],{"class":58},[44,89082,89083],{"class":123},"getcwd",[44,89085,7812],{"class":58},[20,89087,89088],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,89090,89092],{"className":37,"code":89091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89093,89094,89100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89095,89096,89098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89097,35711],{"class":4496},[44,89099,89070],{"class":50},[44,89101,89102,89104,89106,89108,89110,89113,89115,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89103,140],{"class":139},[44,89105,127],{"class":58},[44,89107,43249],{"class":123},[44,89109,120],{"class":58},[44,89111,89112],{"class":25368},"path",[44,89114,120],{"class":58},[44,89116,89117],{"class":123},"exists",[44,89119,127],{"class":58},[44,89121,633],{"class":583},[44,89123,87226],{"class":587},[44,89125,633],{"class":583},[44,89127,556],{"class":58},[20,89129,89130],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,89132,89134],{"className":37,"code":89133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89135,89136,89142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89137,89138,89140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89139,35711],{"class":4496},[44,89141,89070],{"class":50},[44,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89145,140],{"class":139},[44,89147,127],{"class":58},[44,89149,43249],{"class":123},[44,89151,120],{"class":58},[44,89153,89112],{"class":25368},[44,89155,120],{"class":58},[44,89157,89158],{"class":123},"isfile",[44,89160,127],{"class":58},[44,89162,633],{"class":583},[44,89164,87226],{"class":587},[44,89166,633],{"class":583},[44,89168,556],{"class":58},[20,89170,89171],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,89173,89175],{"className":37,"code":89174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89176,89177,89219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89178,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89180,87216],{"class":4496},[44,89182,87219],{"class":139},[44,89184,127],{"class":58},[44,89186,633],{"class":583},[44,89188,87226],{"class":587},[44,89190,633],{"class":583},[44,89192,66],{"class":58},[44,89194,643],{"class":583},[44,89196,61128],{"class":587},[44,89198,633],{"class":583},[44,89200,66],{"class":58},[44,89202,87241],{"class":9798},[44,89204,55],{"class":54},[44,89206,633],{"class":583},[44,89208,87248],{"class":587},[44,89210,633],{"class":583},[44,89212,4281],{"class":58},[44,89214,47981],{"class":4496},[44,89216,87258],{"class":87257},[44,89218,7011],{"class":58},[44,89220,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229,89231],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89222,8690],{"class":139},[44,89224,127],{"class":58},[44,89226,87364],{"class":87257},[44,89228,120],{"class":58},[44,89230,87274],{"class":123},[44,89232,7812],{"class":58},[20,89234,89235],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,89237,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,89239,89241],{"id":89240},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89243,89244],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1044,89246,89248],{"id":89247},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89250,89251,89252,89254],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89253,87216],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1044,89256,2492,89258,2495,89260,89262],{"id":89257},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89259,87612],{},[15,89261,18714],{}," mode?",[20,89264,89265,89267,89268,89270],{},[15,89266,87612],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89269,18714],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1044,89272,89274],{"id":89273},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89276,89277],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1044,89279,89281],{"id":89280},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89283,89284,89285,89287],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89286,87592],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,89289,2528],{"id":2527},[205,89291,89292,89296,89300,89304,89308,89312,89316,89322],{},[208,89293,89294],{},[176,89295,88425],{"href":88424},[208,89297,89298],{},[176,89299,88630],{"href":88629},[208,89301,89302],{},[176,89303,88634],{"href":88633},[208,89305,89306],{},[176,89307,88429],{"href":88428},[208,89309,89310],{},[176,89311,89021],{"href":89020},[208,89313,89314],{},[176,89315,88853],{"href":88852},[208,89317,89318],{},[176,89319,88845,89320,88849],{"href":88844},[44,89321,88848],{},[208,89323,89324],{},[176,89325,88883,89326,88887],{"href":88882},[44,89327,88886],{},[2554,89329,89330],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":89332},[89333,89334,89335,89336,89337,89338,89339,89344,89345,89350,89356,89357,89358,89366],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":87299,"depth":85,"text":87300},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":87596,"depth":85,"text":87597},{"id":87860,"depth":85,"text":87861},{"id":87984,"depth":85,"text":87985},{"id":88167,"depth":85,"text":88168,"children":89340},[89341,89342,89343],{"id":88177,"depth":109,"text":88178},{"id":88256,"depth":109,"text":88257},{"id":88339,"depth":109,"text":88340},{"id":88432,"depth":85,"text":88433},{"id":88637,"depth":85,"text":88638,"children":89346},[89347,89348,89349],{"id":88644,"depth":109,"text":87592},{"id":88728,"depth":109,"text":88728},{"id":88739,"depth":109,"text":88739},{"id":88750,"depth":85,"text":88751,"children":89351},[89352,89353,89354,89355],{"id":88757,"depth":109,"text":88760},{"id":88856,"depth":109,"text":88859},{"id":88890,"depth":109,"text":88893},{"id":88973,"depth":109,"text":88976},{"id":88990,"depth":85,"text":88991},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":89359},[89360,89361,89362,89364,89365],{"id":89240,"depth":109,"text":89241},{"id":89247,"depth":109,"text":89248},{"id":89257,"depth":109,"text":89363},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89273,"depth":109,"text":89274},{"id":89280,"depth":109,"text":89281},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87187,"description":89367},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89374,"title":89375,"body":89376,"description":91371,"extension":2593,"meta":91372,"navigation":364,"path":91373,"seo":91374,"stem":91375,"__hash__":91376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89377,"toc":91318},[89378,89383,89388,89394,89396,89464,89466,89485,89490,89495,89500,89503,89515,89517,89560,89562,89580,89591,89593,89595,89620,89622,89633,89635,89695,89697,89723,89726,89730,89735,89739,89742,89776,89780,89783,89808,89812,89835,89839,89872,89877,89881,89886,89889,89957,89959,89983,89988,89991,90022,90024,90056,90073,90077,90082,90106,90113,90118,90123,90126,90130,90165,90167,90176,90180,90271,90273,90304,90309,90316,90321,90330,90333,90367,90369,90383,90387,90428,90430,90439,90443,90491,90493,90507,90512,90523,90530,90536,90538,90573,90575,90589,90592,90614,90620,90649,90660,90666,90672,90686,90688,90767,90769,90819,90826,90828,90833,90837,90840,90855,90860,90862,90881,90887,90890,90905,90907,90925,90931,90936,90966,90969,90992,90995,91022,91029,91035,91043,91066,91071,91079,91081,91101,91105,91111,91161,91164,91186,91188,91194,91202,91208,91214,91222,91227,91231,91234,91257,91262,91269,91281,91283,91315],[10,89379,4197,89381,4201],{"id":89380},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89382,47075],{},[20,89384,32937,89385,89387],{},[15,89386,47075],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89389,89390,89391,89393],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89392,47075],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,89395,2634],{"id":2633},[35,89397,89399],{"className":37,"code":89398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89400,89401,89413,89422,89426,89436,89446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89404,8497],{"class":50},[44,89406,55],{"class":54},[44,89408,643],{"class":583},[44,89410,8542],{"class":587},[44,89412,3979],{"class":583},[44,89414,89415,89417,89419],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89416,22246],{"class":50},[44,89418,55],{"class":54},[44,89420,89421],{"class":62}," 12\n",[44,89423,89424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89425,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,89427,89428,89430,89432,89434],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,89429,140],{"class":139},[44,89431,127],{"class":58},[44,89433,8287],{"class":123},[44,89435,133],{"class":58},[44,89437,89438,89440,89442,89444],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,89439,140],{"class":139},[44,89441,127],{"class":58},[44,89443,9921],{"class":123},[44,89445,133],{"class":58},[44,89447,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,89449,140],{"class":139},[44,89451,127],{"class":58},[44,89453,633],{"class":583},[44,89455,35487],{"class":587},[44,89457,633],{"class":583},[44,89459,66],{"class":58},[44,89461,36613],{"class":123},[44,89463,133],{"class":58},[20,89465,150],{},[35,89467,89469],{"className":37,"code":89468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89470,89471,89476,89480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89472,89473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89474,89475],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,89477,89478],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89479,2853],{"class":62},[44,89481,89482],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89483,89484],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89486,1296,89487,89489],{},[15,89488,47075],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,89491,186,89493,189],{"id":89492},"what-print-does",[15,89494,47075],{},[20,89496,89497,89499],{},[15,89498,47075],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89501,89502],{},"You can use it to display:",[205,89504,89505,89507,89509,89512],{},[208,89506,35328],{},[208,89508,4268],{},[208,89510,89511],{},"variables",[208,89513,89514],{},"expressions",[20,89516,295],{},[35,89518,89520],{"className":37,"code":89519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89521,89522,89536,89546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89523,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89525,140],{"class":139},[44,89527,127],{"class":58},[44,89529,633],{"class":583},[44,89531,35487],{"class":587},[44,89533,633],{"class":583},[44,89535,133],{"class":58},[44,89537,89538,89540,89542,89544],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89539,140],{"class":139},[44,89541,127],{"class":58},[44,89543,357],{"class":62},[44,89545,133],{"class":58},[44,89547,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89549,140],{"class":139},[44,89551,127],{"class":58},[44,89553,339],{"class":62},[44,89555,3082],{"class":54},[44,89557,74],{"class":62},[44,89559,133],{"class":58},[20,89561,150],{},[35,89563,89565],{"className":37,"code":89564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89566,89567,89572,89576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89568,89569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89570,89571],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,89573,89574],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89575,3570],{"class":62},[44,89577,89578],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89579,3570],{"class":62},[20,89581,89582,89583,89585,89586,89590],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89584,47075],{}," ",[197,89587,4311,89588],{},[15,89589,4398],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,89592,234],{"id":233},[20,89594,31344],{},[35,89596,89598],{"className":37,"code":89597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89599,89600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89601,89602,89604,89606,89609,89611,89614,89616,89618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89603,140],{"class":139},[44,89605,127],{"class":58},[44,89607,89608],{"class":123},"object1",[44,89610,66],{"class":58},[44,89612,89613],{"class":123}," object2",[44,89615,66],{"class":58},[44,89617,35073],{"class":139},[44,89619,133],{"class":58},[20,89621,80827],{},[205,89623,89624,89627,89630],{},[208,89625,89626],{},"one value",[208,89628,89629],{},"many values",[208,89631,89632],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89634,295],{},[35,89636,89638],{"className":37,"code":89637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89639,89640,89654,89673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89641,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89643,140],{"class":139},[44,89645,127],{"class":58},[44,89647,633],{"class":583},[44,89649,58393],{"class":587},[44,89651,633],{"class":583},[44,89653,133],{"class":58},[44,89655,89656,89658,89660,89662,89665,89667,89669,89671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89657,140],{"class":139},[44,89659,127],{"class":58},[44,89661,633],{"class":583},[44,89663,89664],{"class":587},"Score:",[44,89666,633],{"class":583},[44,89668,66],{"class":58},[44,89670,6622],{"class":62},[44,89672,133],{"class":58},[44,89674,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89676,140],{"class":139},[44,89678,127],{"class":58},[44,89680,633],{"class":583},[44,89682,46186],{"class":587},[44,89684,633],{"class":583},[44,89686,66],{"class":58},[44,89688,79],{"class":62},[44,89690,3082],{"class":54},[44,89692,911],{"class":62},[44,89694,133],{"class":58},[20,89696,150],{},[35,89698,89700],{"className":37,"code":89699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89701,89702,89706,89715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89703,89704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89705,85978],{"class":50},[44,89707,89708,89711,89713],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89709,89710],{"class":50},"Score",[44,89712,1598],{"class":58},[44,89714,3211],{"class":62},[44,89716,89717,89719,89721],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89718,46226],{"class":50},[44,89720,1598],{"class":58},[44,89722,3211],{"class":62},[20,89724,89725],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,89727,89729],{"id":89728},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89731,89732,89733,120],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89734,47075],{},[1044,89736,89738],{"id":89737},"print-text","Print text",[20,89740,89741],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,89743,89745],{"className":37,"code":89744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89746,89747,89761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89748,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89750,140],{"class":139},[44,89752,127],{"class":58},[44,89754,633],{"class":583},[44,89756,35487],{"class":587},[44,89758,633],{"class":583},[44,89760,133],{"class":58},[44,89762,89763,89765,89767,89769,89772,89774],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89764,140],{"class":139},[44,89766,127],{"class":58},[44,89768,633],{"class":583},[44,89770,89771],{"class":587},"Python is fun",[44,89773,633],{"class":583},[44,89775,133],{"class":58},[1044,89777,89779],{"id":89778},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89781,89782],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,89784,89786],{"className":37,"code":89785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89787,89788,89798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89789,89790,89792,89794,89796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89791,140],{"class":139},[44,89793,127],{"class":58},[44,89795,357],{"class":62},[44,89797,133],{"class":58},[44,89799,89800,89802,89804,89806],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89801,140],{"class":139},[44,89803,127],{"class":58},[44,89805,40766],{"class":62},[44,89807,133],{"class":58},[1044,89809,89811],{"id":89810},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,89813,89815],{"className":37,"code":89814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89816,89817,89825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89818,89819,89821,89823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89820,5713],{"class":50},[44,89822,55],{"class":54},[44,89824,14748],{"class":62},[44,89826,89827,89829,89831,89833],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89828,140],{"class":139},[44,89830,127],{"class":58},[44,89832,86142],{"class":123},[44,89834,133],{"class":58},[1044,89836,89838],{"id":89837},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,89840,89842],{"className":37,"code":89841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89843,89844,89858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89845,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89847,140],{"class":139},[44,89849,127],{"class":58},[44,89851,339],{"class":62},[44,89853,3082],{"class":54},[44,89855,74],{"class":62},[44,89857,133],{"class":58},[44,89859,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89861,140],{"class":139},[44,89863,127],{"class":58},[44,89865,2958],{"class":62},[44,89867,83455],{"class":54},[44,89869,79],{"class":62},[44,89871,133],{"class":58},[20,89873,89874,89875,120],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[176,89876,51601],{"href":51600},[30,89878,89880],{"id":89879},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89882,89883,89885],{},[15,89884,47075],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89887,89888],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,89890,89892],{"className":37,"code":89891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89893,89894,89907,89915,89919,89938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89895,89896,89898,89900,89902,89905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89897,8497],{"class":50},[44,89899,55],{"class":54},[44,89901,643],{"class":583},[44,89903,89904],{"class":587},"Ava",[44,89906,3979],{"class":583},[44,89908,89909,89911,89913],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89910,22246],{"class":50},[44,89912,55],{"class":54},[44,89914,3211],{"class":62},[44,89916,89917],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,89918,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,89920,89921,89923,89925,89927,89930,89932,89934,89936],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,89922,140],{"class":139},[44,89924,127],{"class":58},[44,89926,633],{"class":583},[44,89928,89929],{"class":587},"Name:",[44,89931,633],{"class":583},[44,89933,66],{"class":58},[44,89935,36613],{"class":123},[44,89937,133],{"class":58},[44,89939,89940,89942,89944,89946,89949,89951,89953,89955],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,89941,140],{"class":139},[44,89943,127],{"class":58},[44,89945,633],{"class":583},[44,89947,89948],{"class":587},"Age:",[44,89950,633],{"class":583},[44,89952,66],{"class":58},[44,89954,9811],{"class":123},[44,89956,133],{"class":58},[20,89958,150],{},[35,89960,89962],{"className":37,"code":89961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89963,89964,89974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89965,89966,89969,89971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89967,89968],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89970,1598],{"class":58},[44,89972,89973],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89975,89976,89979,89981],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,89977,89978],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89980,1598],{"class":58},[44,89982,3211],{"class":62},[20,89984,89985,89986,120],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89987,2689],{},[20,89989,89990],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89992,89994],{"className":37,"code":89993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89995,89996,90004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89997,89998,90000,90002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89999,22246],{"class":50},[44,90001,55],{"class":54},[44,90003,3211],{"class":62},[44,90005,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90007,140],{"class":139},[44,90009,127],{"class":58},[44,90011,633],{"class":583},[44,90013,89948],{"class":587},[44,90015,633],{"class":583},[44,90017,66],{"class":58},[44,90019,9811],{"class":123},[44,90021,133],{"class":58},[20,90023,37549],{},[35,90025,90027],{"className":37,"code":90026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,90028,90029,90037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90030,90031,90033,90035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90032,22246],{"class":50},[44,90034,55],{"class":54},[44,90036,3211],{"class":62},[44,90038,90039,90041,90043,90045,90048,90050,90052,90054],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90040,140],{"class":139},[44,90042,127],{"class":58},[44,90044,633],{"class":583},[44,90046,90047],{"class":587},"Age: ",[44,90049,633],{"class":583},[44,90051,3082],{"class":54},[44,90053,9811],{"class":123},[44,90055,133],{"class":58},[20,90057,90058,90059,90062,90063,90065,90066,90068,90069,120],{},"That fails because ",[15,90060,90061],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,90064,9921],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,90067,2689],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[176,90070,90071],{"href":42798},[15,90072,48307],{},[30,90074,90076],{"id":90075},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,90078,90079,90081],{},[15,90080,47075],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[205,90083,90084,90090,90095,90100],{},[208,90085,90086,90089],{},[15,90087,90088],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[208,90091,90092,90094],{},[15,90093,53286],{}," controls what is added after the output",[208,90096,90097,90099],{},[15,90098,87364],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[208,90101,90102,90105],{},[15,90103,90104],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,90107,90108,90109,2495,90111,120],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,90110,90088],{},[15,90112,53286],{},[30,90114,90116,37238],{"id":90115},"sep-argument",[15,90117,90088],{},[20,90119,192,90120,90122],{},[15,90121,90088],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,90124,90125],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1044,90127,90129],{"id":90128},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,90131,90133],{"className":37,"code":90132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,90134,90135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90136,90137,90139,90141,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90138,140],{"class":139},[44,90140,127],{"class":58},[44,90142,633],{"class":583},[44,90144,13709],{"class":587},[44,90146,633],{"class":583},[44,90148,66],{"class":58},[44,90150,643],{"class":583},[44,90152,18073],{"class":587},[44,90154,633],{"class":583},[44,90156,66],{"class":58},[44,90158,643],{"class":583},[44,90160,13726],{"class":587},[44,90162,633],{"class":583},[44,90164,133],{"class":58},[20,90166,150],{},[35,90168,90170],{"className":37,"code":90169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,90171,90172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90173,90174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90175,90169],{"class":50},[1044,90177,90179],{"id":90178},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,90181,90183],{"className":37,"code":90182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90184,90185,90228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90186,90187,90189,90191,90193,90195,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90188,140],{"class":139},[44,90190,127],{"class":58},[44,90192,633],{"class":583},[44,90194,13709],{"class":587},[44,90196,633],{"class":583},[44,90198,66],{"class":58},[44,90200,643],{"class":583},[44,90202,18073],{"class":587},[44,90204,633],{"class":583},[44,90206,66],{"class":58},[44,90208,643],{"class":583},[44,90210,13726],{"class":587},[44,90212,633],{"class":583},[44,90214,66],{"class":58},[44,90216,90217],{"class":9798}," sep",[44,90219,55],{"class":54},[44,90221,633],{"class":583},[44,90223,66],{"class":587},[44,90225,633],{"class":583},[44,90227,133],{"class":58},[44,90229,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264,90267,90269],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90231,140],{"class":139},[44,90233,127],{"class":58},[44,90235,633],{"class":583},[44,90237,13709],{"class":587},[44,90239,633],{"class":583},[44,90241,66],{"class":58},[44,90243,643],{"class":583},[44,90245,18073],{"class":587},[44,90247,633],{"class":583},[44,90249,66],{"class":58},[44,90251,643],{"class":583},[44,90253,13726],{"class":587},[44,90255,633],{"class":583},[44,90257,66],{"class":58},[44,90259,90217],{"class":9798},[44,90261,55],{"class":54},[44,90263,633],{"class":583},[44,90265,90266],{"class":587}," - ",[44,90268,633],{"class":583},[44,90270,133],{"class":58},[20,90272,150],{},[35,90274,90276],{"className":37,"code":90275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90277,90278,90290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90279,90280,90282,90284,90286,90288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90281,13709],{"class":50},[44,90283,66],{"class":58},[44,90285,18073],{"class":50},[44,90287,66],{"class":58},[44,90289,70605],{"class":50},[44,90291,90292,90295,90297,90300,90302],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90293,90294],{"class":50},"red ",[44,90296,1316],{"class":54},[44,90298,90299],{"class":50}," green ",[44,90301,1316],{"class":54},[44,90303,36502],{"class":50},[20,90305,90306,90308],{},[15,90307,90088],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90310,90311,90312,120],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[176,90313,90315],{"href":90314},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,90317,90319,37238],{"id":90318},"end-argument",[15,90320,53286],{},[20,90322,90323,90324,90326,90327,90329],{},"By default, ",[15,90325,47075],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90328,47075],{}," starts on a new line.",[1044,90331,90129],{"id":90332},"default-behavior-1",[35,90334,90336],{"className":37,"code":90335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90337,90338,90352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90339,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90341,140],{"class":139},[44,90343,127],{"class":58},[44,90345,633],{"class":583},[44,90347,35487],{"class":587},[44,90349,633],{"class":583},[44,90351,133],{"class":58},[44,90353,90354,90356,90358,90360,90363,90365],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90355,140],{"class":139},[44,90357,127],{"class":58},[44,90359,633],{"class":583},[44,90361,90362],{"class":587},"World",[44,90364,633],{"class":583},[44,90366,133],{"class":58},[20,90368,150],{},[35,90370,90372],{"className":37,"code":90371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90373,90374,90378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90375,90376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90377,89571],{"class":50},[44,90379,90380],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90381,90382],{"class":50},"World\n",[1044,90384,90386],{"id":90385},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,90388,90390],{"className":37,"code":90389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90391,90392,90414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90393,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408,90410,90412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90395,140],{"class":139},[44,90397,127],{"class":58},[44,90399,633],{"class":583},[44,90401,35487],{"class":587},[44,90403,633],{"class":583},[44,90405,66],{"class":58},[44,90407,65664],{"class":9798},[44,90409,55],{"class":54},[44,90411,6890],{"class":583},[44,90413,133],{"class":58},[44,90415,90416,90418,90420,90422,90424,90426],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90417,140],{"class":139},[44,90419,127],{"class":58},[44,90421,633],{"class":583},[44,90423,90362],{"class":587},[44,90425,633],{"class":583},[44,90427,133],{"class":58},[20,90429,150],{},[35,90431,90433],{"className":37,"code":90432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90434,90435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90436,90437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90438,90432],{"class":50},[1044,90440,90442],{"id":90441},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,90444,90446],{"className":37,"code":90445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90447,90448,90477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90449,90450,90452,90454,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466,90468,90471,90473,90475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90451,140],{"class":139},[44,90453,127],{"class":58},[44,90455,633],{"class":583},[44,90457,35487],{"class":587},[44,90459,633],{"class":583},[44,90461,66],{"class":58},[44,90463,65664],{"class":9798},[44,90465,55],{"class":54},[44,90467,633],{"class":583},[44,90469,90470],{"class":587},"!",[44,90472,87775],{"class":35072},[44,90474,633],{"class":583},[44,90476,133],{"class":58},[44,90478,90479,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90480,140],{"class":139},[44,90482,127],{"class":58},[44,90484,633],{"class":583},[44,90486,90362],{"class":587},[44,90488,633],{"class":583},[44,90490,133],{"class":58},[20,90492,150],{},[35,90494,90496],{"className":37,"code":90495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90497,90498,90503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90499,90500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90501,90502],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,90504,90505],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90506,90382],{"class":50},[20,90508,192,90509,90511],{},[15,90510,53286],{}," argument is useful for:",[205,90513,90514,90517,90520],{},[208,90515,90516],{},"progress messages",[208,90518,90519],{},"inline output",[208,90521,90522],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,90524,90526,3025,90528],{"id":90525},"print-returns-none",[15,90527,47075],{},[15,90529,4398],{},[20,90531,90532,90533,90535],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90534,47075],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90537,295],{},[35,90539,90541],{"className":37,"code":90540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90542,90543,90563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90544,90545,90547,90549,90552,90554,90556,90559,90561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90546,112],{"class":50},[44,90548,55],{"class":54},[44,90550,90551],{"class":139}," print",[44,90553,127],{"class":58},[44,90555,633],{"class":583},[44,90557,90558],{"class":587},"Hi",[44,90560,633],{"class":583},[44,90562,133],{"class":58},[44,90564,90565,90567,90569,90571],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90566,140],{"class":139},[44,90568,127],{"class":58},[44,90570,145],{"class":123},[44,90572,133],{"class":58},[20,90574,150],{},[35,90576,90578],{"className":37,"code":90577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90579,90580,90585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90581,90582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90583,90584],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,90586,90587],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90588,12424],{"class":4471},[20,90590,90591],{},"Why does this happen?",[205,90593,90594,90602,90607],{},[208,90595,90596,90599,90600],{},[15,90597,90598],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90601,90558],{},[208,90603,90604,90605],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90606,4398],{},[208,90608,90609,90610,12536,90612],{},"so ",[15,90611,145],{},[15,90613,4398],{},[20,90615,90616,90617,90619],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90618,47075],{}," call.",[35,90621,90623],{"className":37,"code":90622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90624,90625,90638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90626,90627,90630,90632,90634,90636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90628,90629],{"class":50},"message ",[44,90631,55],{"class":54},[44,90633,643],{"class":583},[44,90635,90558],{"class":587},[44,90637,3979],{"class":583},[44,90639,90640,90642,90644,90647],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90641,140],{"class":139},[44,90643,127],{"class":58},[44,90645,90646],{"class":123},"message",[44,90648,133],{"class":58},[20,90650,90651,90652,90654,90655,90659],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90653,47075],{}," with functions like ",[176,90656,90657],{"href":8841},[15,90658,3581],{},", which do return a value.",[30,90661,90663,90664],{"id":90662},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90665,47075],{},[20,90667,90668,90669,90671],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90670,47075],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[205,90673,90674,90677,90680,90683],{},[208,90675,90676],{},"to display results to the user",[208,90678,90679],{},"to show messages in a script",[208,90681,90682],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[208,90684,90685],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90687,295],{},[35,90689,90691],{"className":37,"code":90690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90692,90693,90701,90705,90725,90736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90694,90695,90697,90699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90696,41805],{"class":50},[44,90698,55],{"class":54},[44,90700,39135],{"class":62},[44,90702,90703],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90704,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,90706,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,90708,6576],{"class":4496},[44,90710,7004],{"class":50},[44,90712,4503],{"class":4496},[44,90714,54696],{"class":139},[44,90716,127],{"class":58},[44,90718,63],{"class":62},[44,90720,66],{"class":58},[44,90722,79],{"class":62},[44,90724,8964],{"class":58},[44,90726,90727,90730,90733],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,90728,90729],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,90731,90732],{"class":54},"+=",[44,90734,90735],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,90739,8690],{"class":139},[44,90741,127],{"class":58},[44,90743,633],{"class":583},[44,90745,90746],{"class":587},"Current number:",[44,90748,633],{"class":583},[44,90750,66],{"class":58},[44,90752,2825],{"class":123},[44,90754,66],{"class":58},[44,90756,643],{"class":583},[44,90758,46186],{"class":587},[44,90760,633],{"class":583},[44,90762,66],{"class":58},[44,90764,46193],{"class":123},[44,90766,133],{"class":58},[20,90768,150],{},[35,90770,90772],{"className":37,"code":90771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90773,90774,90790,90804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90775,90776,90779,90781,90783,90786,90788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90777,90778],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,90780,1598],{"class":58},[44,90782,2212],{"class":62},[44,90784,90785],{"class":50}," Total",[44,90787,1598],{"class":58},[44,90789,30234],{"class":62},[44,90791,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90793,90778],{"class":50},[44,90795,1598],{"class":58},[44,90797,69],{"class":62},[44,90799,90785],{"class":50},[44,90801,1598],{"class":58},[44,90803,3202],{"class":62},[44,90805,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,90807,90778],{"class":50},[44,90809,1598],{"class":58},[44,90811,74],{"class":62},[44,90813,90785],{"class":50},[44,90815,1598],{"class":58},[44,90817,90818],{"class":62}," 6\n",[20,90820,90821,90822,120],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[176,90823,90825],{"href":90824},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,90827,3454],{"id":3453},[20,90829,90830,90831,120],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90832,47075],{},[1044,90834,90836],{"id":90835},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90838,90839],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,90841,90843],{"className":37,"code":90842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90844,90845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90846,90847,90849,90851,90853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90848,140],{"class":139},[44,90850,127],{"class":58},[44,90852,35487],{"class":123},[44,90854,133],{"class":58},[20,90856,9497,90857,90859],{},[15,90858,35487],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90861,11426],{},[35,90863,90865],{"className":37,"code":90864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90866,90867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90870,140],{"class":139},[44,90872,127],{"class":58},[44,90874,633],{"class":583},[44,90876,35487],{"class":587},[44,90878,633],{"class":583},[44,90880,133],{"class":58},[1044,90882,863,90884,90886],{"id":90883},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90885,140],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90888,90889],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,90891,90893],{"className":37,"code":90892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90894,90895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90896,90897,90899,90901,90903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90898,140],{"class":139},[44,90900,643],{"class":583},[44,90902,35487],{"class":587},[44,90904,3979],{"class":583},[20,90906,11426],{},[35,90908,90909],{"className":37,"code":90864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90910,90911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90912,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90914,140],{"class":139},[44,90916,127],{"class":58},[44,90918,633],{"class":583},[44,90920,35487],{"class":587},[44,90922,633],{"class":583},[44,90924,133],{"class":58},[1044,90926,90928,90929],{"id":90927},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90930,2689],{},[20,90932,90933,90934,120],{},"This causes a ",[15,90935,3628],{},[35,90937,90938],{"className":37,"code":90026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90939,90940,90948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90941,90942,90944,90946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90943,22246],{"class":50},[44,90945,55],{"class":54},[44,90947,3211],{"class":62},[44,90949,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,90951,140],{"class":139},[44,90953,127],{"class":58},[44,90955,633],{"class":583},[44,90957,90047],{"class":587},[44,90959,633],{"class":583},[44,90961,3082],{"class":54},[44,90963,9811],{"class":123},[44,90965,133],{"class":58},[20,90967,90968],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90970,90972],{"className":37,"code":90971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90973,90974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90975,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90977,140],{"class":139},[44,90979,127],{"class":58},[44,90981,633],{"class":583},[44,90983,89948],{"class":587},[44,90985,633],{"class":583},[44,90987,66],{"class":58},[44,90989,9811],{"class":123},[44,90991,133],{"class":58},[20,90993,90994],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90996,90998],{"className":37,"code":90997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90999,91000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91001,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91003,140],{"class":139},[44,91005,127],{"class":58},[44,91007,633],{"class":583},[44,91009,90047],{"class":587},[44,91011,633],{"class":583},[44,91013,3082],{"class":54},[44,91015,49528],{"class":548},[44,91017,127],{"class":58},[44,91019,9921],{"class":123},[44,91021,556],{"class":58},[20,91023,91024,91025,120],{},"If you see this error, read ",[176,91026,91028],{"href":91027},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1044,91030,9075,91032,91034],{"id":91031},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,91033,47075],{}," to return a value",[20,91036,91037,91038,35950,91041,1598],{},"This does not store ",[15,91039,91040],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,91042,145],{},[35,91044,91046],{"className":37,"code":91045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91047,91048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91049,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91051,112],{"class":50},[44,91053,55],{"class":54},[44,91055,90551],{"class":139},[44,91057,127],{"class":58},[44,91059,633],{"class":583},[44,91061,35487],{"class":587},[44,91063,633],{"class":583},[44,91065,133],{"class":58},[20,91067,91068,91069,120],{},"It stores ",[15,91070,4398],{},[1044,91072,91074,91075,2495,91077],{"id":91073},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,91076,90088],{},[15,91078,53286],{},[20,91080,86434],{},[205,91082,91083,91092],{},[208,91084,91085,91087,91088,91091],{},[15,91086,90088],{}," changes what goes ",[197,91089,91090],{},"between"," multiple values",[208,91093,91094,91096,91097,91100],{},[15,91095,53286],{}," changes what appears ",[197,91098,91099],{},"after"," the output",[30,91102,91104],{"id":91103},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,91106,91107,91108,91110],{},"These simple ",[15,91109,47075],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,91112,91114],{"className":37,"code":91113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,91115,91116,91136,91151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91117,91118,91120,91122,91124,91127,91129,91131,91134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91119,140],{"class":139},[44,91121,127],{"class":58},[44,91123,633],{"class":583},[44,91125,91126],{"class":587},"Debug:",[44,91128,633],{"class":583},[44,91130,66],{"class":58},[44,91132,91133],{"class":123}," variable_name",[44,91135,133],{"class":58},[44,91137,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91149],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,91139,140],{"class":139},[44,91141,127],{"class":58},[44,91143,549],{"class":548},[44,91145,127],{"class":58},[44,91147,91148],{"class":123},"variable_name",[44,91150,556],{"class":58},[44,91152,91153,91155,91157,91159],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,91154,32772],{"class":139},[44,91156,127],{"class":58},[44,91158,140],{"class":139},[44,91160,133],{"class":58},[20,91162,91163],{},"What they do:",[205,91165,91166,91172,91178],{},[208,91167,91168,91171],{},[15,91169,91170],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[208,91173,91174,91177],{},[15,91175,91176],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[208,91179,91180,91183,91184],{},[15,91181,91182],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91185,47075],{},[30,91187,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,91189,2482,91191,91193],{"id":91190},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91192,47075],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91195,91196,91197,91199,91200,37244],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91198,47075],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91201,53286],{},[1044,91203,5788,91205,91207],{"id":91204},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91206,47075],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91209,91210,91211,91213],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91212,47075],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1044,91215,5776,91217,5779,91220,1447],{"id":91216},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91218,91219],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91221,4398],{},[20,91223,29680,91224,91226],{},[15,91225,47075],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1044,91228,91230],{"id":91229},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91232,91233],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,91235,91237],{"className":37,"code":91236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91238,91239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91240,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91242,140],{"class":139},[44,91244,127],{"class":58},[44,91246,633],{"class":583},[44,91248,89948],{"class":587},[44,91250,633],{"class":583},[44,91252,66],{"class":58},[44,91254,6622],{"class":62},[44,91256,133],{"class":58},[20,91258,91259,91260,40552],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91261,48307],{},[1044,91263,2492,91265,2495,91267,1447],{"id":91264},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91266,90088],{},[15,91268,53286],{},[205,91270,91271,91276],{},[208,91272,91273,91275],{},[15,91274,90088],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[208,91277,91278,91280],{},[15,91279,53286],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,91282,2528],{"id":2527},[205,91284,91285,91289,91295,91301,91306,91311],{},[208,91286,91287],{},[176,91288,51601],{"href":51600},[208,91290,91291],{},[176,91292,4197,91293,4130],{"href":8841},[15,91294,3581],{},[208,91296,91297],{},[176,91298,4197,91299,4130],{"href":42798},[15,91300,48307],{},[208,91302,91303],{},[176,91304,91305],{"href":90314},"How to format strings in Python",[208,91307,91308],{},[176,91309,91310],{"href":90824},"How to debug Python code",[208,91312,91313],{},[176,91314,91028],{"href":91027},[2554,91316,91317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":91319},[91320,91321,91323,91324,91330,91331,91332,91337,91343,91345,91347,91358,91359,91370],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":89492,"depth":85,"text":91322},"What print() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":89728,"depth":85,"text":89729,"children":91325},[91326,91327,91328,91329],{"id":89737,"depth":109,"text":89738},{"id":89778,"depth":109,"text":89779},{"id":89810,"depth":109,"text":89811},{"id":89837,"depth":109,"text":89838},{"id":89879,"depth":85,"text":89880},{"id":90075,"depth":85,"text":90076},{"id":90115,"depth":85,"text":91333,"children":91334},"sep argument",[91335,91336],{"id":90128,"depth":109,"text":90129},{"id":90178,"depth":109,"text":90179},{"id":90318,"depth":85,"text":91338,"children":91339},"end argument",[91340,91341,91342],{"id":90332,"depth":109,"text":90129},{"id":90385,"depth":109,"text":90386},{"id":90441,"depth":109,"text":90442},{"id":90525,"depth":85,"text":91344},"print() returns None",{"id":90662,"depth":85,"text":91346},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":91348},[91349,91350,91352,91354,91356],{"id":90835,"depth":109,"text":90836},{"id":90883,"depth":109,"text":91351},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90927,"depth":109,"text":91353},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":91031,"depth":109,"text":91355},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91073,"depth":109,"text":91357},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91103,"depth":85,"text":91104},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":91360},[91361,91363,91365,91367,91368],{"id":91190,"depth":109,"text":91362},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91204,"depth":109,"text":91364},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91216,"depth":109,"text":91366},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91229,"depth":109,"text":91230},{"id":91264,"depth":109,"text":91369},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89375,"description":91371},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91378,"title":91379,"body":91380,"description":93684,"extension":2593,"meta":93685,"navigation":364,"path":93686,"seo":93687,"stem":93688,"__hash__":93689},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91381,"toc":93630},[91382,91387,91392,91405,91407,91472,91483,91488,91493,91495,91518,91521,91552,91554,91571,91576,91582,91587,91636,91639,91656,91662,91667,91690,91692,91720,91726,91734,91761,91763,91788,91794,91797,91828,91830,91859,91863,91866,91871,91893,91895,91923,91929,91935,91961,91963,91987,91993,91999,92029,92031,92059,92069,92073,92079,92112,92114,92143,92146,92149,92182,92184,92192,92198,92200,92223,92228,92237,92242,92256,92258,92298,92300,92330,92334,92369,92375,92379,92423,92425,92455,92461,92464,92543,92545,92567,92575,92578,92641,92649,92724,92730,92737,92742,92747,92770,92772,92793,92795,92808,92810,92857,92859,92898,92907,92909,92913,92917,92920,92947,92950,92979,92982,93006,93009,93017,93023,93045,93047,93075,93079,93084,93139,93144,93146,93203,93210,93219,93222,93254,93256,93264,93267,93273,93275,93298,93301,93307,93310,93329,93331,93350,93353,93375,93377,93405,93409,93413,93518,93520,93533,93535,93541,93544,93552,93557,93563,93569,93574,93582,93588,93595,93597,93627],[10,91383,4197,91385,4201],{"id":91384},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91386,36820],{},[20,91388,32937,91389,91391],{},[15,91390,36820],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91393,91394,91395,91397,91398,91400,91401,91404],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91396,6576],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91399,36820],{}," stops ",[197,91402,91403],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,91406,2634],{"id":2633},[35,91408,91410],{"className":37,"code":91409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91411,91412,91428,91438,91442,91447,91452,91457,91462,91467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91413,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91415,6576],{"class":4496},[44,91417,70172],{"class":50},[44,91419,4503],{"class":4496},[44,91421,54696],{"class":139},[44,91423,127],{"class":58},[44,91425,357],{"class":62},[44,91427,8964],{"class":58},[44,91429,91430,91432,91434,91436],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,91431,8690],{"class":139},[44,91433,127],{"class":58},[44,91435,36776],{"class":123},[44,91437,133],{"class":58},[44,91439,91440],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,91441,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,91443,91444],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,91445,91446],{"class":1992},"# Output:\n",[44,91448,91449],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,91450,91451],{"class":1992},"# 0\n",[44,91453,91454],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,91455,91456],{"class":1992},"# 1\n",[44,91458,91459],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,91460,91461],{"class":1992},"# 2\n",[44,91463,91464],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,91465,91466],{"class":1992},"# 3\n",[44,91468,91469],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,91470,91471],{"class":1992},"# 4\n",[20,91473,91474,91477,91478,91480,91481,120],{},[15,91475,91476],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91479,2748],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91482,357],{},[30,91484,186,91486,189],{"id":91485},"what-range-does",[15,91487,36820],{},[20,91489,91490,91492],{},[15,91491,36820],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91494,203],{},[205,91496,91497,91502,91508,91513],{},[208,91498,91499,91501],{},[15,91500,36820],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[208,91503,91504,91505,91507],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91506,6576],{}," loops",[208,91509,91510,91511],{},"The stop value is ",[197,91512,65693],{},[208,91514,18039,91515,91517],{},[15,91516,60621],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91519,91520],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,91522,91524],{"className":37,"code":91523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91525,91526,91542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91527,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91529,6576],{"class":4496},[44,91531,7004],{"class":50},[44,91533,4503],{"class":4496},[44,91535,54696],{"class":139},[44,91537,127],{"class":58},[44,91539,95],{"class":62},[44,91541,8964],{"class":58},[44,91543,91544,91546,91548,91550],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,91545,8690],{"class":139},[44,91547,127],{"class":58},[44,91549,2867],{"class":123},[44,91551,133],{"class":58},[20,91553,150],{},[35,91555,91557],{"className":37,"code":91556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91558,91559,91563,91567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91560,91561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91562,47875],{"class":62},[44,91564,91565],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,91566,47540],{"class":62},[44,91568,91569],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,91570,17675],{"class":62},[20,91572,91573,91574,120],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[176,91575,36650],{"href":36649},[30,91577,91579,91581],{"id":91578},"range-syntax",[15,91580,36820],{}," syntax",[20,91583,91584,91586],{},[15,91585,36820],{}," has three common forms:",[35,91588,91590],{"className":37,"code":91589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91591,91592,91602,91617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91593,91594,91596,91598,91600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91595,60621],{"class":139},[44,91597,127],{"class":58},[44,91599,76050],{"class":123},[44,91601,133],{"class":58},[44,91603,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,91605,60621],{"class":139},[44,91607,127],{"class":58},[44,91609,36694],{"class":123},[44,91611,66],{"class":58},[44,91613,91614],{"class":123}," stop",[44,91616,133],{"class":58},[44,91618,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91634],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,91620,60621],{"class":139},[44,91622,127],{"class":58},[44,91624,36694],{"class":123},[44,91626,66],{"class":58},[44,91628,91614],{"class":123},[44,91630,66],{"class":58},[44,91632,91633],{"class":123}," step",[44,91635,133],{"class":58},[20,91637,91638],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[205,91640,91641,91646,91651],{},[208,91642,91643,91645],{},[15,91644,36694],{}," = first number",[208,91647,91648,91650],{},[15,91649,76050],{}," = end limit, not included",[208,91652,91653,91655],{},[15,91654,76053],{}," = amount to move each time",[1044,91657,91659],{"id":91658},"rangestop",[15,91660,91661],{},"range(stop)",[20,91663,91664,91665,120],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91666,2748],{},[35,91668,91670],{"className":37,"code":91669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91671,91672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91673,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91675,140],{"class":139},[44,91677,127],{"class":58},[44,91679,8715],{"class":548},[44,91681,127],{"class":58},[44,91683,60621],{"class":139},[44,91685,127],{"class":58},[44,91687,357],{"class":62},[44,91689,2432],{"class":58},[20,91691,150],{},[35,91693,91694],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91695,91696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91697,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91699,4521],{"class":58},[44,91701,2748],{"class":62},[44,91703,66],{"class":58},[44,91705,2212],{"class":62},[44,91707,66],{"class":58},[44,91709,69],{"class":62},[44,91711,66],{"class":58},[44,91713,74],{"class":62},[44,91715,66],{"class":58},[44,91717,79],{"class":62},[44,91719,1967],{"class":58},[1044,91721,91723],{"id":91722},"rangestart-stop",[15,91724,91725],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91727,91728,91729,91731,91732,120],{},"This starts at ",[15,91730,36694],{}," and stops before ",[15,91733,76050],{},[35,91735,91737],{"className":37,"code":91736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91738,91739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91740,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91742,140],{"class":139},[44,91744,127],{"class":58},[44,91746,8715],{"class":548},[44,91748,127],{"class":58},[44,91750,60621],{"class":139},[44,91752,127],{"class":58},[44,91754,339],{"class":62},[44,91756,66],{"class":58},[44,91758,911],{"class":62},[44,91760,2432],{"class":58},[20,91762,150],{},[35,91764,91766],{"className":37,"code":91765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91767,91768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91769,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91771,4521],{"class":58},[44,91773,339],{"class":62},[44,91775,66],{"class":58},[44,91777,74],{"class":62},[44,91779,66],{"class":58},[44,91781,79],{"class":62},[44,91783,66],{"class":58},[44,91785,104],{"class":62},[44,91787,1967],{"class":58},[1044,91789,91791],{"id":91790},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91792,91793],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91795,91796],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,91798,91800],{"className":37,"code":91799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91801,91802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91803,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91805,140],{"class":139},[44,91807,127],{"class":58},[44,91809,8715],{"class":548},[44,91811,127],{"class":58},[44,91813,60621],{"class":139},[44,91815,127],{"class":58},[44,91817,63],{"class":62},[44,91819,66],{"class":58},[44,91821,6622],{"class":62},[44,91823,66],{"class":58},[44,91825,69],{"class":62},[44,91827,2432],{"class":58},[20,91829,150],{},[35,91831,91833],{"className":37,"code":91832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91834,91835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91838,4521],{"class":58},[44,91840,63],{"class":62},[44,91842,66],{"class":58},[44,91844,74],{"class":62},[44,91846,66],{"class":58},[44,91848,104],{"class":62},[44,91850,66],{"class":58},[44,91852,960],{"class":62},[44,91854,66],{"class":58},[44,91856,54762],{"class":62},[44,91858,1967],{"class":58},[30,91860,91862],{"id":91861},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91864,91865],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1044,91867,91869],{"id":91868},"range5",[15,91870,91476],{},[35,91872,91873],{"className":37,"code":91669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91874,91875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91876,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91878,140],{"class":139},[44,91880,127],{"class":58},[44,91882,8715],{"class":548},[44,91884,127],{"class":58},[44,91886,60621],{"class":139},[44,91888,127],{"class":58},[44,91890,357],{"class":62},[44,91892,2432],{"class":58},[20,91894,150],{},[35,91896,91897],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91898,91899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91900,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913,91915,91917,91919,91921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91902,4521],{"class":58},[44,91904,2748],{"class":62},[44,91906,66],{"class":58},[44,91908,2212],{"class":62},[44,91910,66],{"class":58},[44,91912,69],{"class":62},[44,91914,66],{"class":58},[44,91916,74],{"class":62},[44,91918,66],{"class":58},[44,91920,79],{"class":62},[44,91922,1967],{"class":58},[20,91924,91728,91925,91731,91927,120],{},[15,91926,2748],{},[15,91928,357],{},[1044,91930,91932],{"id":91931},"range2-6",[15,91933,91934],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,91936,91937],{"className":37,"code":91736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91938,91939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91940,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91942,140],{"class":139},[44,91944,127],{"class":58},[44,91946,8715],{"class":548},[44,91948,127],{"class":58},[44,91950,60621],{"class":139},[44,91952,127],{"class":58},[44,91954,339],{"class":62},[44,91956,66],{"class":58},[44,91958,911],{"class":62},[44,91960,2432],{"class":58},[20,91962,150],{},[35,91964,91965],{"className":37,"code":91765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91966,91967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91968,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91970,4521],{"class":58},[44,91972,339],{"class":62},[44,91974,66],{"class":58},[44,91976,74],{"class":62},[44,91978,66],{"class":58},[44,91980,79],{"class":62},[44,91982,66],{"class":58},[44,91984,104],{"class":62},[44,91986,1967],{"class":58},[20,91988,91728,91989,91731,91991,120],{},[15,91990,339],{},[15,91992,955],{},[1044,91994,91996],{"id":91995},"range1-10-2",[15,91997,91998],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,92000,92001],{"className":37,"code":91799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92002,92003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92004,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92006,140],{"class":139},[44,92008,127],{"class":58},[44,92010,8715],{"class":548},[44,92012,127],{"class":58},[44,92014,60621],{"class":139},[44,92016,127],{"class":58},[44,92018,63],{"class":62},[44,92020,66],{"class":58},[44,92022,6622],{"class":62},[44,92024,66],{"class":58},[44,92026,69],{"class":62},[44,92028,2432],{"class":58},[20,92030,150],{},[35,92032,92033],{"className":37,"code":91832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92034,92035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92036,92037,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92038,4521],{"class":58},[44,92040,63],{"class":62},[44,92042,66],{"class":58},[44,92044,74],{"class":62},[44,92046,66],{"class":58},[44,92048,104],{"class":62},[44,92050,66],{"class":58},[44,92052,960],{"class":62},[44,92054,66],{"class":58},[44,92056,54762],{"class":62},[44,92058,1967],{"class":58},[20,92060,92061,92062,92064,92065,61924,92067,120],{},"This moves by ",[15,92063,339],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,92066,63],{},[15,92068,2772],{},[1044,92070,92072],{"id":92071},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,92074,92075,92076,92078],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,92077,36820],{}," count backward.",[35,92080,92082],{"className":37,"code":92081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,92083,92084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92085,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92087,140],{"class":139},[44,92089,127],{"class":58},[44,92091,8715],{"class":548},[44,92093,127],{"class":58},[44,92095,60621],{"class":139},[44,92097,127],{"class":58},[44,92099,357],{"class":62},[44,92101,66],{"class":58},[44,92103,4452],{"class":62},[44,92105,66],{"class":58},[44,92107,2850],{"class":54},[44,92109,63],{"class":62},[44,92111,2432],{"class":58},[20,92113,150],{},[35,92115,92117],{"className":37,"code":92116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,92118,92119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92120,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92122,4521],{"class":58},[44,92124,357],{"class":62},[44,92126,66],{"class":58},[44,92128,79],{"class":62},[44,92130,66],{"class":58},[44,92132,74],{"class":62},[44,92134,66],{"class":58},[44,92136,69],{"class":62},[44,92138,66],{"class":58},[44,92140,2212],{"class":62},[44,92142,1967],{"class":58},[20,92144,92145],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92147,92148],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,92150,92152],{"className":37,"code":92151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92153,92154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92155,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92157,140],{"class":139},[44,92159,127],{"class":58},[44,92161,8715],{"class":548},[44,92163,127],{"class":58},[44,92165,60621],{"class":139},[44,92167,127],{"class":58},[44,92169,63],{"class":62},[44,92171,66],{"class":58},[44,92173,104],{"class":62},[44,92175,66],{"class":58},[44,92177,2850],{"class":54},[44,92179,63],{"class":62},[44,92181,2432],{"class":58},[20,92183,150],{},[35,92185,92186],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92187,92188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92189,92190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92191,38919],{"class":58},[1044,92193,92194,77213,92196],{"id":77437},[15,92195,76053],{},[15,92197,2748],{},[20,92199,3461],{},[35,92201,92203],{"className":37,"code":92202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92204,92205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92206,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92208,60621],{"class":139},[44,92210,127],{"class":58},[44,92212,63],{"class":62},[44,92214,66],{"class":58},[44,92216,104],{"class":62},[44,92218,66],{"class":58},[44,92220,4452],{"class":62},[44,92222,133],{"class":58},[20,92224,77482,92225,92227],{},[15,92226,41327],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,92229,863,92231,92233,92234,92236],{"id":92230},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92232,36820],{}," in a ",[15,92235,6576],{}," loop",[20,92238,92239,92241],{},[15,92240,36820],{}," is most useful when:",[205,92243,92244,92247,92250],{},[208,92245,92246],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[208,92248,92249],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[208,92251,92252,92253],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92254,92255],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92257,295],{},[35,92259,92261],{"className":37,"code":92260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92262,92263,92279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92264,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92266,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92268,70172],{"class":50},[44,92270,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92272,54696],{"class":139},[44,92274,127],{"class":58},[44,92276,95],{"class":62},[44,92278,8964],{"class":58},[44,92280,92281,92283,92285,92287,92290,92292,92294,92296],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92282,8690],{"class":139},[44,92284,127],{"class":58},[44,92286,633],{"class":583},[44,92288,92289],{"class":587},"Loop number:",[44,92291,633],{"class":583},[44,92293,66],{"class":58},[44,92295,36751],{"class":123},[44,92297,133],{"class":58},[20,92299,150],{},[35,92301,92303],{"className":37,"code":92302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92304,92305,92314,92322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92306,92307,92310,92312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92308,92309],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,92311,1598],{"class":58},[44,92313,39135],{"class":62},[44,92315,92316,92318,92320],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92317,92309],{"class":50},[44,92319,1598],{"class":58},[44,92321,30234],{"class":62},[44,92323,92324,92326,92328],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92325,92309],{"class":50},[44,92327,1598],{"class":58},[44,92329,46212],{"class":62},[1044,92331,92333],{"id":92332},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,92335,92337],{"className":37,"code":92336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92338,92339,92355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92342,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92344,70172],{"class":50},[44,92346,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92348,54696],{"class":139},[44,92350,127],{"class":58},[44,92352,357],{"class":62},[44,92354,8964],{"class":58},[44,92356,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92358,8690],{"class":139},[44,92360,127],{"class":58},[44,92362,633],{"class":583},[44,92364,35487],{"class":587},[44,92366,633],{"class":583},[44,92368,133],{"class":58},[20,92370,92371,92372,92374],{},"This prints ",[15,92373,91040],{}," five times.",[1044,92376,92378],{"id":92377},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,92380,92382],{"className":37,"code":92381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92383,92384,92404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92385,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92387,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92389,70172],{"class":50},[44,92391,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92393,54696],{"class":139},[44,92395,127],{"class":58},[44,92397,63],{"class":62},[44,92399,66],{"class":58},[44,92401,79],{"class":62},[44,92403,8964],{"class":58},[44,92405,92406,92408,92410,92412,92415,92417,92419,92421],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92407,8690],{"class":139},[44,92409,127],{"class":58},[44,92411,633],{"class":583},[44,92413,92414],{"class":587},"Current number is",[44,92416,633],{"class":583},[44,92418,66],{"class":58},[44,92420,36751],{"class":123},[44,92422,133],{"class":58},[20,92424,150],{},[35,92426,92428],{"className":37,"code":92427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92429,92430,92439,92447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92431,92432,92435,92437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92433,92434],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,92436,12810],{"class":54},[44,92438,30234],{"class":62},[44,92440,92441,92443,92445],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92442,92434],{"class":50},[44,92444,12810],{"class":54},[44,92446,46212],{"class":62},[44,92448,92449,92451,92453],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92450,92434],{"class":50},[44,92452,12810],{"class":54},[44,92454,3202],{"class":62},[1044,92456,92458,92460],{"id":92457},"range-and-indexing",[15,92459,36820],{}," and indexing",[20,92462,92463],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,92465,92467],{"className":37,"code":92466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92468,92469,92501,92505,92525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92470,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92472,8399],{"class":50},[44,92474,55],{"class":54},[44,92476,1954],{"class":58},[44,92478,633],{"class":583},[44,92480,176],{"class":587},[44,92482,633],{"class":583},[44,92484,66],{"class":58},[44,92486,643],{"class":583},[44,92488,130],{"class":587},[44,92490,633],{"class":583},[44,92492,66],{"class":58},[44,92494,643],{"class":583},[44,92496,431],{"class":587},[44,92498,633],{"class":583},[44,92500,1967],{"class":58},[44,92502,92503],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92504,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,92506,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92508,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92510,70172],{"class":50},[44,92512,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92514,54696],{"class":139},[44,92516,127],{"class":58},[44,92518,2441],{"class":139},[44,92520,127],{"class":58},[44,92522,8430],{"class":123},[44,92524,70187],{"class":58},[44,92526,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,92528,8690],{"class":139},[44,92530,127],{"class":58},[44,92532,36776],{"class":123},[44,92534,66],{"class":58},[44,92536,6584],{"class":123},[44,92538,4521],{"class":58},[44,92540,36776],{"class":123},[44,92542,4509],{"class":58},[20,92544,150],{},[35,92546,92547],{"className":37,"code":36788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92548,92549,92555,92561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92550,92551,92553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92552,2748],{"class":62},[44,92554,36797],{"class":50},[44,92556,92557,92559],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92558,63],{"class":62},[44,92560,36804],{"class":50},[44,92562,92563,92565],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92564,339],{"class":62},[44,92566,36811],{"class":50},[20,92568,92569,92570,92574],{},"This works, and it uses ",[176,92571,92572],{"href":42981},[15,92573,42984],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92576,92577],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,92579,92581],{"className":37,"code":92580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92582,92583,92615,92619,92631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92584,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92586,8399],{"class":50},[44,92588,55],{"class":54},[44,92590,1954],{"class":58},[44,92592,633],{"class":583},[44,92594,176],{"class":587},[44,92596,633],{"class":583},[44,92598,66],{"class":58},[44,92600,643],{"class":583},[44,92602,130],{"class":587},[44,92604,633],{"class":583},[44,92606,66],{"class":58},[44,92608,643],{"class":583},[44,92610,431],{"class":587},[44,92612,633],{"class":583},[44,92614,1967],{"class":58},[44,92616,92617],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92618,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,92620,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92622,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92624,6579],{"class":50},[44,92626,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92628,6584],{"class":50},[44,92630,7011],{"class":58},[44,92632,92633,92635,92637,92639],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,92634,8690],{"class":139},[44,92636,127],{"class":58},[44,92638,23928],{"class":123},[44,92640,133],{"class":58},[20,92642,37215,92643,92648],{},[176,92644,92646],{"href":92645},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92647,36370],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,92650,92652],{"className":37,"code":92651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92653,92654,92686,92690,92710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92655,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92657,8399],{"class":50},[44,92659,55],{"class":54},[44,92661,1954],{"class":58},[44,92663,633],{"class":583},[44,92665,176],{"class":587},[44,92667,633],{"class":583},[44,92669,66],{"class":58},[44,92671,643],{"class":583},[44,92673,130],{"class":587},[44,92675,633],{"class":583},[44,92677,66],{"class":58},[44,92679,643],{"class":583},[44,92681,431],{"class":587},[44,92683,633],{"class":583},[44,92685,1967],{"class":58},[44,92687,92688],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92689,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,92691,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92693,6576],{"class":4496},[44,92695,36442],{"class":50},[44,92697,66],{"class":58},[44,92699,6579],{"class":50},[44,92701,4503],{"class":4496},[44,92703,36452],{"class":139},[44,92705,127],{"class":58},[44,92707,8430],{"class":123},[44,92709,8964],{"class":58},[44,92711,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,92713,8690],{"class":139},[44,92715,127],{"class":58},[44,92717,36467],{"class":123},[44,92719,66],{"class":58},[44,92721,30126],{"class":123},[44,92723,133],{"class":58},[20,92725,79742,92726,120],{},[176,92727,37228,92728,37231],{"href":37227},[15,92729,36370],{},[30,92731,92733,92734,92736],{"id":92732},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92735,36820],{}," to a list",[20,92738,92739,92741],{},[15,92740,36820],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92743,92744,92745,1598],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92746,25399],{},[35,92748,92750],{"className":37,"code":92749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92751,92752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92753,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92755,140],{"class":139},[44,92757,127],{"class":58},[44,92759,8715],{"class":548},[44,92761,127],{"class":58},[44,92763,60621],{"class":139},[44,92765,127],{"class":58},[44,92767,95],{"class":62},[44,92769,2432],{"class":58},[20,92771,150],{},[35,92773,92775],{"className":37,"code":92774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92776,92777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92780,4521],{"class":58},[44,92782,2748],{"class":62},[44,92784,66],{"class":58},[44,92786,2212],{"class":62},[44,92788,66],{"class":58},[44,92790,69],{"class":62},[44,92792,1967],{"class":58},[20,92794,33931],{},[205,92796,92797,92802,92805],{},[208,92798,92799,92800,42708],{},"learning how ",[15,92801,36820],{},[208,92803,92804],{},"checking your values",[208,92806,92807],{},"debugging code",[20,92809,6090],{},[35,92811,92813],{"className":37,"code":92812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92814,92815,92829,92833,92843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92816,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92818,884],{"class":50},[44,92820,55],{"class":54},[44,92822,54696],{"class":139},[44,92824,127],{"class":58},[44,92826,1517],{"class":62},[44,92828,133],{"class":58},[44,92830,92831],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92832,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,92834,92835,92837,92839,92841],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,92836,140],{"class":139},[44,92838,127],{"class":58},[44,92840,4268],{"class":123},[44,92842,133],{"class":58},[44,92844,92845,92847,92849,92851,92853,92855],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,92846,140],{"class":139},[44,92848,127],{"class":58},[44,92850,8715],{"class":548},[44,92852,127],{"class":58},[44,92854,4268],{"class":123},[44,92856,556],{"class":58},[20,92858,150],{},[35,92860,92862],{"className":37,"code":92861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92863,92864,92878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92865,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92867,60621],{"class":139},[44,92869,127],{"class":58},[44,92871,2748],{"class":62},[44,92873,66],{"class":58},[44,92875,79],{"class":62},[44,92877,133],{"class":58},[44,92879,92880,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,92881,4521],{"class":58},[44,92883,2748],{"class":62},[44,92885,66],{"class":58},[44,92887,2212],{"class":62},[44,92889,66],{"class":58},[44,92891,69],{"class":62},[44,92893,66],{"class":58},[44,92895,74],{"class":62},[44,92897,1967],{"class":58},[20,92899,92900,92901,1036,92903,92906],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92902,60621],{},[15,92904,92905],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,92908,1580],{"id":1579},[20,92910,34160,92911,120],{},[15,92912,36820],{},[1044,92914,92916],{"id":92915},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92918,92919],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,92921,92923],{"className":37,"code":92922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92924,92925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92926,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92928,140],{"class":139},[44,92930,127],{"class":58},[44,92932,8715],{"class":548},[44,92934,127],{"class":58},[44,92936,60621],{"class":139},[44,92938,127],{"class":58},[44,92940,63],{"class":62},[44,92942,66],{"class":58},[44,92944,104],{"class":62},[44,92946,2432],{"class":58},[20,92948,92949],{},"will produce:",[35,92951,92953],{"className":37,"code":92952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92954,92955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92956,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92958,4521],{"class":58},[44,92960,63],{"class":62},[44,92962,66],{"class":58},[44,92964,69],{"class":62},[44,92966,66],{"class":58},[44,92968,74],{"class":62},[44,92970,66],{"class":58},[44,92972,79],{"class":62},[44,92974,66],{"class":58},[44,92976,104],{"class":62},[44,92978,1967],{"class":58},[20,92980,92981],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92983,92984],{"className":37,"code":54131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92985,92986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92987,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92989,4521],{"class":58},[44,92991,63],{"class":62},[44,92993,66],{"class":58},[44,92995,69],{"class":62},[44,92997,66],{"class":58},[44,92999,74],{"class":62},[44,93001,66],{"class":58},[44,93003,79],{"class":62},[44,93005,1967],{"class":58},[20,93007,93008],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1044,93010,5198,93012,93014,93015],{"id":93011},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,93013,91476],{}," starts at ",[15,93016,63],{},[20,93018,38090,93019,600,93021,120],{},[15,93020,2748],{},[15,93022,63],{},[35,93024,93025],{"className":37,"code":91669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93026,93027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93028,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93030,140],{"class":139},[44,93032,127],{"class":58},[44,93034,8715],{"class":548},[44,93036,127],{"class":58},[44,93038,60621],{"class":139},[44,93040,127],{"class":58},[44,93042,357],{"class":62},[44,93044,2432],{"class":58},[20,93046,150],{},[35,93048,93049],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93050,93051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93052,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93054,4521],{"class":58},[44,93056,2748],{"class":62},[44,93058,66],{"class":58},[44,93060,2212],{"class":62},[44,93062,66],{"class":58},[44,93064,69],{"class":62},[44,93066,66],{"class":58},[44,93068,74],{"class":62},[44,93070,66],{"class":58},[44,93072,79],{"class":62},[44,93074,1967],{"class":58},[1044,93076,93078],{"id":93077},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,93080,93081,93082,1598],{},"This often happens with ",[15,93083,3581],{},[35,93085,93087],{"className":37,"code":93086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93088,93089,93108,93112,93129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93090,93091,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93092,93093],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,93095,55],{"class":54},[44,93097,8864],{"class":139},[44,93099,127],{"class":58},[44,93101,633],{"class":583},[44,93103,42494],{"class":587},[44,93105,633],{"class":583},[44,93107,133],{"class":58},[44,93109,93110],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93111,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,93113,93114,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124,93127],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,93115,6576],{"class":4496},[44,93117,70172],{"class":50},[44,93119,4503],{"class":4496},[44,93121,54696],{"class":139},[44,93123,127],{"class":58},[44,93125,93126],{"class":123},"user_number",[44,93128,8964],{"class":58},[44,93130,93131,93133,93135,93137],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,93132,8690],{"class":139},[44,93134,127],{"class":58},[44,93136,36776],{"class":123},[44,93138,133],{"class":58},[20,93140,49134,93141,93143],{},[15,93142,3581],{}," returns a string.",[20,93145,11426],{},[35,93147,93149],{"className":37,"code":93148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93150,93151,93173,93177,93193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93152,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169,93171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93154,93093],{"class":50},[44,93156,55],{"class":54},[44,93158,45899],{"class":548},[44,93160,127],{"class":58},[44,93162,43086],{"class":139},[44,93164,127],{"class":58},[44,93166,633],{"class":583},[44,93168,42494],{"class":587},[44,93170,633],{"class":583},[44,93172,556],{"class":58},[44,93174,93175],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93176,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,93178,93179,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,93180,6576],{"class":4496},[44,93182,70172],{"class":50},[44,93184,4503],{"class":4496},[44,93186,54696],{"class":139},[44,93188,127],{"class":58},[44,93190,93126],{"class":123},[44,93192,8964],{"class":58},[44,93194,93195,93197,93199,93201],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,93196,8690],{"class":139},[44,93198,127],{"class":58},[44,93200,36776],{"class":123},[44,93202,133],{"class":58},[20,93204,93205,93206,120],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[176,93207,51148,93208],{"href":51147},[15,93209,51151],{},[1044,93211,93213,93214,93216,93217],{"id":93212},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93215,36694],{}," smaller than ",[15,93218,76050],{},[20,93220,93221],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,93223,93224],{"className":37,"code":92151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93225,93226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93227,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93229,140],{"class":139},[44,93231,127],{"class":58},[44,93233,8715],{"class":548},[44,93235,127],{"class":58},[44,93237,60621],{"class":139},[44,93239,127],{"class":58},[44,93241,63],{"class":62},[44,93243,66],{"class":58},[44,93245,104],{"class":62},[44,93247,66],{"class":58},[44,93249,2850],{"class":54},[44,93251,63],{"class":62},[44,93253,2432],{"class":58},[20,93255,150],{},[35,93257,93258],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93259,93260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93261,93262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93263,38919],{"class":58},[20,93265,93266],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1044,93268,26235,93270],{"id":93269},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93271,93272],{},"step = 0",[20,93274,78193],{},[35,93276,93278],{"className":37,"code":93277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93279,93280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93281,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294,93296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93283,60621],{"class":139},[44,93285,127],{"class":58},[44,93287,63],{"class":62},[44,93289,66],{"class":58},[44,93291,6622],{"class":62},[44,93293,66],{"class":58},[44,93295,4452],{"class":62},[44,93297,133],{"class":58},[20,93299,93300],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1044,93302,5321,93304,93306],{"id":93303},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93305,36820],{}," is not a list",[20,93308,93309],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,93311,93313],{"className":37,"code":93312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93314,93315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93316,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325,93327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93318,140],{"class":139},[44,93320,127],{"class":58},[44,93322,60621],{"class":139},[44,93324,127],{"class":58},[44,93326,357],{"class":62},[44,93328,556],{"class":58},[20,93330,150],{},[35,93332,93334],{"className":37,"code":93333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93335,93336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93339,60621],{"class":139},[44,93341,127],{"class":58},[44,93343,2748],{"class":62},[44,93345,66],{"class":58},[44,93347,104],{"class":62},[44,93349,133],{"class":58},[20,93351,93352],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,93354,93355],{"className":37,"code":91669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93356,93357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93358,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93360,140],{"class":139},[44,93362,127],{"class":58},[44,93364,8715],{"class":548},[44,93366,127],{"class":58},[44,93368,60621],{"class":139},[44,93370,127],{"class":58},[44,93372,357],{"class":62},[44,93374,2432],{"class":58},[20,93376,150],{},[35,93378,93379],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93380,93381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93382,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397,93399,93401,93403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93384,4521],{"class":58},[44,93386,2748],{"class":62},[44,93388,66],{"class":58},[44,93390,2212],{"class":62},[44,93392,66],{"class":58},[44,93394,69],{"class":62},[44,93396,66],{"class":58},[44,93398,74],{"class":62},[44,93400,66],{"class":58},[44,93402,79],{"class":62},[44,93404,1967],{"class":58},[30,93406,93408],{"id":93407},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93410,9497,93411,82963],{},[15,93412,36820],{},[35,93414,93416],{"className":37,"code":93415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93417,93418,93432,93450,93472,93500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93419,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93421,140],{"class":139},[44,93423,127],{"class":58},[44,93425,60621],{"class":139},[44,93427,127],{"class":58},[44,93429,357],{"class":62},[44,93431,556],{"class":58},[44,93433,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93435,140],{"class":139},[44,93437,127],{"class":58},[44,93439,8715],{"class":548},[44,93441,127],{"class":58},[44,93443,60621],{"class":139},[44,93445,127],{"class":58},[44,93447,357],{"class":62},[44,93449,2432],{"class":58},[44,93451,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,93453,140],{"class":139},[44,93455,127],{"class":58},[44,93457,8715],{"class":548},[44,93459,127],{"class":58},[44,93461,60621],{"class":139},[44,93463,127],{"class":58},[44,93465,339],{"class":62},[44,93467,66],{"class":58},[44,93469,6977],{"class":62},[44,93471,2432],{"class":58},[44,93473,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,93475,140],{"class":139},[44,93477,127],{"class":58},[44,93479,8715],{"class":548},[44,93481,127],{"class":58},[44,93483,60621],{"class":139},[44,93485,127],{"class":58},[44,93487,2958],{"class":62},[44,93489,66],{"class":58},[44,93491,4452],{"class":62},[44,93493,66],{"class":58},[44,93495,2850],{"class":54},[44,93497,339],{"class":62},[44,93499,2432],{"class":58},[44,93501,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,93503,140],{"class":139},[44,93505,127],{"class":58},[44,93507,549],{"class":548},[44,93509,127],{"class":58},[44,93511,60621],{"class":139},[44,93513,127],{"class":58},[44,93515,357],{"class":62},[44,93517,2432],{"class":58},[20,93519,26627],{},[205,93521,93522,93525,93528],{},[208,93523,93524],{},"what values are being created",[208,93526,93527],{},"whether the direction is correct",[208,93529,93530,93531,25235],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93532,60621],{},[30,93534,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,93536,2482,93538,93540],{"id":93537},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93539,36820],{}," include the last number?",[20,93542,93543],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1044,93545,5776,93547,93549,93550,1447],{"id":93546},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93548,91476],{}," start at ",[15,93551,2748],{},[20,93553,93554,93555,120],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93556,2748],{},[1044,93558,5788,93560,93562],{"id":93559},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93561,36820],{}," count backward?",[20,93564,93565,93566,120],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93567,93568],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1044,93570,15521,93572,26662],{"id":93571},"is-range-a-list",[15,93573,36820],{},[20,93575,26665,93576,93578,93579,24556],{},[15,93577,60621],{}," object. Use ",[15,93580,93581],{},"list(range(...))",[1044,93583,5776,93585,49308],{"id":93584},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93586,93587],{},"range(input())",[20,93589,93590,4105,93592,120],{},[15,93591,3581],{},[15,93593,93594],{},"int(input())",[30,93596,2528],{"id":2527},[205,93598,93599,93603,93609,93615,93621],{},[208,93600,93601],{},[176,93602,36650],{"href":36649},[208,93604,93605],{},[176,93606,4197,93607,4130],{"href":42981},[15,93608,42984],{},[208,93610,93611],{},[176,93612,4197,93613,4130],{"href":92645},[15,93614,36370],{},[208,93616,93617],{},[176,93618,38141,93619,37231],{"href":37227},[15,93620,36370],{},[208,93622,93623],{},[176,93624,51148,93625],{"href":51147},[15,93626,51151],{},[2554,93628,93629],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":93631},[93632,93633,93635,93641,93649,93656,93658,93670,93671,93683],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":91485,"depth":85,"text":93634},"What range() does",{"id":91578,"depth":85,"text":93636,"children":93637},"range() syntax",[93638,93639,93640],{"id":91658,"depth":109,"text":91661},{"id":91722,"depth":109,"text":91725},{"id":91790,"depth":109,"text":91793},{"id":91861,"depth":85,"text":91862,"children":93642},[93643,93644,93645,93646,93647],{"id":91868,"depth":109,"text":91476},{"id":91931,"depth":109,"text":91934},{"id":91995,"depth":109,"text":91998},{"id":92071,"depth":109,"text":92072},{"id":77437,"depth":109,"text":93648},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92230,"depth":85,"text":93650,"children":93651},"Using range() in a for loop",[93652,93653,93654],{"id":92332,"depth":109,"text":92333},{"id":92377,"depth":109,"text":92378},{"id":92457,"depth":109,"text":93655},"range() and indexing",{"id":92732,"depth":85,"text":93657},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":93659},[93660,93661,93663,93664,93666,93668],{"id":92915,"depth":109,"text":92916},{"id":93011,"depth":109,"text":93662},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93077,"depth":109,"text":93078},{"id":93212,"depth":109,"text":93665},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93269,"depth":109,"text":93667},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93303,"depth":109,"text":93669},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93407,"depth":85,"text":93408},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":93672},[93673,93675,93677,93679,93681],{"id":93537,"depth":109,"text":93674},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93546,"depth":109,"text":93676},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93559,"depth":109,"text":93678},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93571,"depth":109,"text":93680},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93584,"depth":109,"text":93682},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91379,"description":93684},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93691,"title":93692,"body":93693,"description":95365,"extension":2593,"meta":95366,"navigation":364,"path":95367,"seo":95368,"stem":95369,"__hash__":95370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93694,"toc":95338},[93695,93704,93711,93728,93744,93746,93795,93803,93807,93810,93830,93832,93896,93898,93941,93944,93990,93992,94025,94035,94041,94049,94066,94068,94099,94101,94126,94131,94142,94145,94215,94217,94248,94253,94258,94275,94277,94328,94330,94363,94366,94373,94378,94382,94398,94400,94444,94446,94492,94495,94508,94513,94517,94531,94533,94584,94586,94619,94624,94626,94633,94635,94658,94660,94725,94727,94744,94747,94780,94782,94810,94820,94827,94831,94834,94852,94855,94883,94886,94904,94909,94915,94918,94940,94942,94970,94972,94975,95000,95003,95116,95118,95197,95199,95205,95210,95217,95225,95229,95232,95234,95267,95269,95277,95283,95290,95297,95300,95302,95335],[10,93696,4197,93698,1036,93700,93703],{"id":93697},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93699,36820],{},[15,93701,93702],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93705,93706,2495,93708,93710],{},[15,93707,36820],{},[15,93709,93702],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[205,93712,93713,93721],{},[208,93714,93715,93717,93718],{},[15,93716,36820],{}," creates a ",[197,93719,93720],{},"range object",[208,93722,93723,93717,93725],{},[15,93724,93702],{},[197,93726,93727],{},"real list",[20,93729,93730,93731,93733,93734,93737,93738,93740,93741,93743],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93732,91476],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93735,93736],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93739,36820],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93742,93702],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,93745,33],{"id":32},[35,93747,93749],{"className":37,"code":93748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93750,93751,93765,93778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93754,884],{"class":50},[44,93756,55],{"class":54},[44,93758,54696],{"class":139},[44,93760,127],{"class":58},[44,93762,357],{"class":62},[44,93764,133],{"class":58},[44,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93768,140],{"class":139},[44,93770,127],{"class":58},[44,93772,4268],{"class":123},[44,93774,4281],{"class":58},[44,93776,93777],{"class":1992},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,93781,140],{"class":139},[44,93783,127],{"class":58},[44,93785,8715],{"class":548},[44,93787,127],{"class":58},[44,93789,4268],{"class":123},[44,93791,5979],{"class":58},[44,93793,93794],{"class":1992},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93796,1296,93797,93799,93800,93802],{},[15,93798,36820],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93801,93702],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,93804,93806],{"id":93805},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93808,93809],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[205,93811,93812,93819,93824,93827],{},[208,93813,93814,22593,93816,93818],{},[15,93815,36820],{},[197,93817,93720],{},", not a list",[208,93820,93821,93823],{},[15,93822,93702],{}," converts that range object into a list",[208,93825,93826],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[208,93828,93829],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93831,295],{},[35,93833,93835],{"className":37,"code":93834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93836,93837,93852,93871,93875,93885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93838,93839,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93840,93841],{"class":50},"r ",[44,93843,55],{"class":54},[44,93845,54696],{"class":139},[44,93847,127],{"class":58},[44,93849,357],{"class":62},[44,93851,133],{"class":58},[44,93853,93854,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93855,93856],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,93858,55],{"class":54},[44,93860,23177],{"class":548},[44,93862,127],{"class":58},[44,93864,60621],{"class":139},[44,93866,127],{"class":58},[44,93868,357],{"class":62},[44,93870,556],{"class":58},[44,93872,93873],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,93874,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,93876,93877,93879,93881,93883],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,93878,140],{"class":139},[44,93880,127],{"class":58},[44,93882,61128],{"class":123},[44,93884,133],{"class":58},[44,93886,93887,93889,93891,93894],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,93888,140],{"class":139},[44,93890,127],{"class":58},[44,93892,93893],{"class":123},"lst",[44,93895,133],{"class":58},[20,93897,150],{},[35,93899,93901],{"className":37,"code":93900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93902,93903,93917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93904,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93906,60621],{"class":139},[44,93908,127],{"class":58},[44,93910,2748],{"class":62},[44,93912,66],{"class":58},[44,93914,104],{"class":62},[44,93916,133],{"class":58},[44,93918,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93920,4521],{"class":58},[44,93922,2748],{"class":62},[44,93924,66],{"class":58},[44,93926,2212],{"class":62},[44,93928,66],{"class":58},[44,93930,69],{"class":62},[44,93932,66],{"class":58},[44,93934,74],{"class":62},[44,93936,66],{"class":58},[44,93938,79],{"class":62},[44,93940,1967],{"class":58},[20,93942,93943],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,93945,93947],{"className":37,"code":93946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93948,93949,93967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93950,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93952,140],{"class":139},[44,93954,127],{"class":58},[44,93956,549],{"class":548},[44,93958,127],{"class":58},[44,93960,60621],{"class":139},[44,93962,127],{"class":58},[44,93964,357],{"class":62},[44,93966,2432],{"class":58},[44,93968,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,93970,140],{"class":139},[44,93972,127],{"class":58},[44,93974,549],{"class":548},[44,93976,127],{"class":58},[44,93978,8715],{"class":548},[44,93980,127],{"class":58},[44,93982,60621],{"class":139},[44,93984,127],{"class":58},[44,93986,357],{"class":62},[44,93988,93989],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,93991,150],{},[35,93993,93995],{"className":37,"code":93994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93996,93997,94011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93998,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94000,576],{"class":54},[44,94002,580],{"class":579},[44,94004,584],{"class":583},[44,94006,60621],{"class":587},[44,94008,590],{"class":583},[44,94010,593],{"class":54},[44,94012,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94014,576],{"class":54},[44,94016,580],{"class":579},[44,94018,584],{"class":583},[44,94020,8715],{"class":587},[44,94022,590],{"class":583},[44,94024,593],{"class":54},[20,94026,94027,94028,94030,94031,120],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,94029,36820],{}," works, see ",[176,94032,4197,94033,4130],{"href":93686},[15,94034,36820],{},[30,94036,186,94038,94040],{"id":94037},"what-range-gives-you",[15,94039,36820],{}," gives you",[20,94042,94043,94045,94046,94048],{},[15,94044,36820],{}," is most often used in ",[15,94047,6576],{}," loops.",[205,94050,94051,94054,94057,94060],{},[208,94052,94053],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[208,94055,94056],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[208,94058,94059],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[208,94061,94062,94063],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,94064,94065],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,94067,295],{},[35,94069,94071],{"className":37,"code":94070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,94072,94073,94089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94074,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94076,6576],{"class":4496},[44,94078,70172],{"class":50},[44,94080,4503],{"class":4496},[44,94082,54696],{"class":139},[44,94084,127],{"class":58},[44,94086,357],{"class":62},[44,94088,8964],{"class":58},[44,94090,94091,94093,94095,94097],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94092,8690],{"class":139},[44,94094,127],{"class":58},[44,94096,36776],{"class":123},[44,94098,133],{"class":58},[20,94100,150],{},[35,94102,94104],{"className":37,"code":94103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,94105,94106,94110,94114,94118,94122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94107,94108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94109,47875],{"class":62},[44,94111,94112],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94113,47540],{"class":62},[44,94115,94116],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94117,17675],{"class":62},[44,94119,94120],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94121,47240],{"class":62},[44,94123,94124],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,94125,49274],{"class":62},[20,94127,21389,94128,94130],{},[15,94129,91476],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,94132,94133,94134,94136,94137,120],{},"This is one reason ",[15,94135,36820],{}," is so common with ",[176,94138,4197,94140,91507],{"href":94139},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,94141,6576],{},[20,94143,94144],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,94146,94148],{"className":37,"code":94147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94149,94150,94172,94176,94186,94200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94151,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94153,93841],{"class":50},[44,94155,55],{"class":54},[44,94157,54696],{"class":139},[44,94159,127],{"class":58},[44,94161,339],{"class":62},[44,94163,66],{"class":58},[44,94165,6622],{"class":62},[44,94167,66],{"class":58},[44,94169,69],{"class":62},[44,94171,133],{"class":58},[44,94173,94174],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94175,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94179,140],{"class":139},[44,94181,127],{"class":58},[44,94183,61128],{"class":123},[44,94185,133],{"class":58},[44,94187,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94189,140],{"class":139},[44,94191,127],{"class":58},[44,94193,2441],{"class":139},[44,94195,127],{"class":58},[44,94197,61128],{"class":123},[44,94199,556],{"class":58},[44,94201,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94213],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,94203,140],{"class":139},[44,94205,127],{"class":58},[44,94207,955],{"class":62},[44,94209,21792],{"class":4496},[44,94211,94212],{"class":123}," r",[44,94214,133],{"class":58},[20,94216,150],{},[35,94218,94220],{"className":37,"code":94219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94221,94222,94240,94244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94223,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94225,60621],{"class":139},[44,94227,127],{"class":58},[44,94229,339],{"class":62},[44,94231,66],{"class":58},[44,94233,6622],{"class":62},[44,94235,66],{"class":58},[44,94237,69],{"class":62},[44,94239,133],{"class":58},[44,94241,94242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94243,49274],{"class":62},[44,94245,94246],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94247,4601],{"class":4471},[30,94249,186,94251,94040],{"id":94250},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94252,93702],{},[20,94254,94255,94257],{},[15,94256,93702],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[205,94259,94260,94263,94266,94269],{},[208,94261,94262],{},"It creates all values at once",[208,94264,94265],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[208,94267,94268],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[208,94270,94271,94272,94274],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94273,36820],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94276,295],{},[35,94278,94280],{"className":37,"code":94279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94281,94282,94300,94304,94314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94283,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94285,884],{"class":50},[44,94287,55],{"class":54},[44,94289,23177],{"class":548},[44,94291,127],{"class":58},[44,94293,60621],{"class":139},[44,94295,127],{"class":58},[44,94297,357],{"class":62},[44,94299,556],{"class":58},[44,94301,94302],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94303,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,94305,94306,94308,94310,94312],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94307,140],{"class":139},[44,94309,127],{"class":58},[44,94311,4268],{"class":123},[44,94313,133],{"class":58},[44,94315,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94317,140],{"class":139},[44,94319,127],{"class":58},[44,94321,4268],{"class":123},[44,94323,4521],{"class":58},[44,94325,339],{"class":62},[44,94327,4509],{"class":58},[20,94329,150],{},[35,94331,94333],{"className":37,"code":94332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94334,94335,94359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94336,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94338,4521],{"class":58},[44,94340,2748],{"class":62},[44,94342,66],{"class":58},[44,94344,2212],{"class":62},[44,94346,66],{"class":58},[44,94348,69],{"class":62},[44,94350,66],{"class":58},[44,94352,74],{"class":62},[44,94354,66],{"class":58},[44,94356,79],{"class":62},[44,94358,1967],{"class":58},[44,94360,94361],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94362,17675],{"class":62},[20,94364,94365],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94367,94368,94369,120],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[176,94370,4197,94371,4130],{"href":65471},[15,94372,25399],{},[30,94374,5578,94376],{"id":94375},"when-to-use-range",[15,94377,36820],{},[20,94379,1296,94380,11220],{},[15,94381,36820],{},[205,94383,94384,94389,94392,94395],{},[208,94385,94386,94387,92236],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94388,6576],{},[208,94390,94391],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[208,94393,94394],{},"You are working with large sequences",[208,94396,94397],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94399,295],{},[35,94401,94403],{"className":37,"code":94402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94404,94405,94425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94406,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94408,6576],{"class":4496},[44,94410,70172],{"class":50},[44,94412,4503],{"class":4496},[44,94414,54696],{"class":139},[44,94416,127],{"class":58},[44,94418,63],{"class":62},[44,94420,66],{"class":58},[44,94422,911],{"class":62},[44,94424,8964],{"class":58},[44,94426,94427,94429,94431,94433,94436,94438,94440,94442],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94428,8690],{"class":139},[44,94430,127],{"class":58},[44,94432,633],{"class":583},[44,94434,94435],{"class":587},"Count:",[44,94437,633],{"class":583},[44,94439,66],{"class":58},[44,94441,36751],{"class":123},[44,94443,133],{"class":58},[20,94445,150],{},[35,94447,94449],{"className":37,"code":94448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94450,94451,94460,94468,94476,94484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94452,94453,94456,94458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94454,94455],{"class":50},"Count",[44,94457,1598],{"class":58},[44,94459,30234],{"class":62},[44,94461,94462,94464,94466],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94463,94455],{"class":50},[44,94465,1598],{"class":58},[44,94467,46212],{"class":62},[44,94469,94470,94472,94474],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94471,94455],{"class":50},[44,94473,1598],{"class":58},[44,94475,3202],{"class":62},[44,94477,94478,94480,94482],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94479,94455],{"class":50},[44,94481,1598],{"class":58},[44,94483,24281],{"class":62},[44,94485,94486,94488,94490],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,94487,94455],{"class":50},[44,94489,1598],{"class":58},[44,94491,35462],{"class":62},[20,94493,94494],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94496,94497,94498,94500,94501,62911,94503,120],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94499,36370],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94502,37221],{},[176,94504,37228,94506,37231],{"href":94505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94507,36370],{},[30,94509,5578,94511],{"id":94510},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94512,93702],{},[20,94514,1296,94515,11220],{},[15,94516,93702],{},[205,94518,94519,94522,94525,94528],{},[208,94520,94521],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[208,94523,94524],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[208,94526,94527],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[208,94529,94530],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94532,295],{},[35,94534,94536],{"className":37,"code":94535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94537,94538,94556,94570,94574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94541,884],{"class":50},[44,94543,55],{"class":54},[44,94545,23177],{"class":548},[44,94547,127],{"class":58},[44,94549,60621],{"class":139},[44,94551,127],{"class":58},[44,94553,357],{"class":62},[44,94555,556],{"class":58},[44,94557,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94559,4268],{"class":50},[44,94561,120],{"class":58},[44,94563,14170],{"class":123},[44,94565,127],{"class":58},[44,94567,357],{"class":62},[44,94569,133],{"class":58},[44,94571,94572],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94573,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,94575,94576,94578,94580,94582],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94577,140],{"class":139},[44,94579,127],{"class":58},[44,94581,4268],{"class":123},[44,94583,133],{"class":58},[20,94585,150],{},[35,94587,94589],{"className":37,"code":94588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94590,94591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94592,94593,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94594,4521],{"class":58},[44,94596,2748],{"class":62},[44,94598,66],{"class":58},[44,94600,2212],{"class":62},[44,94602,66],{"class":58},[44,94604,69],{"class":62},[44,94606,66],{"class":58},[44,94608,74],{"class":62},[44,94610,66],{"class":58},[44,94612,79],{"class":62},[44,94614,66],{"class":58},[44,94616,104],{"class":62},[44,94618,1967],{"class":58},[20,94620,6678,94621,94623],{},[15,94622,4268],{}," is a list.",[30,94625,16215],{"id":16214},[20,94627,94628,94630,94631,120],{},[15,94629,36820],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[197,94632,38220],{},[20,94634,2735],{},[205,94636,94637,94639,94644,94649,94652],{},[208,94638,22603],{},[208,94640,94641,94642],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94643,42984],{},[208,94645,94646,94647],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94648,4503],{},[208,94650,94651],{},"You can index it",[208,94653,94654,94655,94657],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94656,53278],{}," do not work on it",[20,94659,295],{},[35,94661,94663],{"className":37,"code":94662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94664,94665,94679,94683,94697,94711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94666,94667,94669,94671,94673,94675,94677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94668,93841],{"class":50},[44,94670,55],{"class":54},[44,94672,54696],{"class":139},[44,94674,127],{"class":58},[44,94676,357],{"class":62},[44,94678,133],{"class":58},[44,94680,94681],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94682,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,94684,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94686,140],{"class":139},[44,94688,127],{"class":58},[44,94690,61128],{"class":123},[44,94692,4521],{"class":58},[44,94694,339],{"class":62},[44,94696,4509],{"class":58},[44,94698,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,94700,140],{"class":139},[44,94702,127],{"class":58},[44,94704,2441],{"class":139},[44,94706,127],{"class":58},[44,94708,61128],{"class":123},[44,94710,556],{"class":58},[44,94712,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,94714,140],{"class":139},[44,94716,127],{"class":58},[44,94718,95],{"class":62},[44,94720,21792],{"class":4496},[44,94722,94212],{"class":123},[44,94724,133],{"class":58},[20,94726,150],{},[35,94728,94730],{"className":37,"code":94729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94731,94732,94736,94740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94733,94734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94735,17675],{"class":62},[44,94737,94738],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94739,3570],{"class":62},[44,94741,94742],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,94743,4601],{"class":4471},[20,94745,94746],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,94748,94750],{"className":37,"code":94749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94751,94752,94766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94753,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762,94764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94755,93841],{"class":50},[44,94757,55],{"class":54},[44,94759,54696],{"class":139},[44,94761,127],{"class":58},[44,94763,357],{"class":62},[44,94765,133],{"class":58},[44,94767,94768,94770,94772,94774,94776,94778],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,94769,61128],{"class":50},[44,94771,120],{"class":58},[44,94773,14170],{"class":123},[44,94775,127],{"class":58},[44,94777,357],{"class":62},[44,94779,133],{"class":58},[20,94781,150],{},[35,94783,94785],{"className":37,"code":94784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94786,94787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94788,94789,94791,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801,94804,94806,94808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94790,26290],{"class":548},[44,94792,1598],{"class":58},[44,94794,584],{"class":583},[44,94796,60621],{"class":587},[44,94798,590],{"class":583},[44,94800,25235],{"class":548},[44,94802,94803],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,94805,590],{"class":583},[44,94807,14170],{"class":587},[44,94809,30319],{"class":583},[20,94811,94812,94813,2817,94815,2821,94817,94819],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94814,53278],{},[15,94816,56154],{},[15,94818,64935],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94821,94822,94823,120],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[176,94824,26298,94825],{"href":36040},[15,94826,34874],{},[30,94828,94830],{"id":94829},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94832,94833],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,94835,94836],{"className":37,"code":93312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94837,94838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94839,94840,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94841,140],{"class":139},[44,94843,127],{"class":58},[44,94845,60621],{"class":139},[44,94847,127],{"class":58},[44,94849,357],{"class":62},[44,94851,556],{"class":58},[20,94853,94854],{},"to show:",[35,94856,94857],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94858,94859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94860,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877,94879,94881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94862,4521],{"class":58},[44,94864,2748],{"class":62},[44,94866,66],{"class":58},[44,94868,2212],{"class":62},[44,94870,66],{"class":58},[44,94872,69],{"class":62},[44,94874,66],{"class":58},[44,94876,74],{"class":62},[44,94878,66],{"class":58},[44,94880,79],{"class":62},[44,94882,1967],{"class":58},[20,94884,94885],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,94887,94888],{"className":37,"code":93333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94889,94890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94891,94892,94894,94896,94898,94900,94902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94893,60621],{"class":139},[44,94895,127],{"class":58},[44,94897,2748],{"class":62},[44,94899,66],{"class":58},[44,94901,104],{"class":62},[44,94903,133],{"class":58},[20,94905,1592,94906,94908],{},[197,94907,199],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94910,94911,94912,94914],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[197,94913,93720],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94916,94917],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,94919,94920],{"className":37,"code":91669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94921,94922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94923,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94925,140],{"class":139},[44,94927,127],{"class":58},[44,94929,8715],{"class":548},[44,94931,127],{"class":58},[44,94933,60621],{"class":139},[44,94935,127],{"class":58},[44,94937,357],{"class":62},[44,94939,2432],{"class":58},[20,94941,150],{},[35,94943,94944],{"className":37,"code":60644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94945,94946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94947,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94949,4521],{"class":58},[44,94951,2748],{"class":62},[44,94953,66],{"class":58},[44,94955,2212],{"class":62},[44,94957,66],{"class":58},[44,94959,69],{"class":62},[44,94961,66],{"class":58},[44,94963,74],{"class":62},[44,94965,66],{"class":58},[44,94967,79],{"class":62},[44,94969,1967],{"class":58},[30,94971,3454],{"id":3453},[20,94973,94974],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[205,94976,94977,94983,94986,94992],{},[208,94978,863,94979,94982],{},[15,94980,94981],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[208,94984,94985],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[208,94987,94988,94989,94991],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94990,36820],{}," is iterable but not a list",[208,94993,863,94994,94996,94997,94999],{},[15,94995,93702],{}," when plain ",[15,94998,36820],{}," would be simpler",[20,95001,95002],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,95004,95006],{"className":37,"code":95005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,95007,95008,95022,95040,95058,95080,95098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95009,95010,95012,95014,95016,95018,95020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95011,140],{"class":139},[44,95013,127],{"class":58},[44,95015,60621],{"class":139},[44,95017,127],{"class":58},[44,95019,357],{"class":62},[44,95021,556],{"class":58},[44,95023,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95025,140],{"class":139},[44,95027,127],{"class":58},[44,95029,8715],{"class":548},[44,95031,127],{"class":58},[44,95033,60621],{"class":139},[44,95035,127],{"class":58},[44,95037,357],{"class":62},[44,95039,2432],{"class":58},[44,95041,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95043,140],{"class":139},[44,95045,127],{"class":58},[44,95047,549],{"class":548},[44,95049,127],{"class":58},[44,95051,60621],{"class":139},[44,95053,127],{"class":58},[44,95055,357],{"class":62},[44,95057,2432],{"class":58},[44,95059,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,95061,140],{"class":139},[44,95063,127],{"class":58},[44,95065,549],{"class":548},[44,95067,127],{"class":58},[44,95069,8715],{"class":548},[44,95071,127],{"class":58},[44,95073,60621],{"class":139},[44,95075,127],{"class":58},[44,95077,357],{"class":62},[44,95079,93989],{"class":58},[44,95081,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,95083,140],{"class":139},[44,95085,127],{"class":58},[44,95087,95],{"class":62},[44,95089,21792],{"class":4496},[44,95091,54696],{"class":139},[44,95093,127],{"class":58},[44,95095,357],{"class":62},[44,95097,556],{"class":58},[44,95099,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,95101,140],{"class":139},[44,95103,127],{"class":58},[44,95105,2441],{"class":139},[44,95107,127],{"class":58},[44,95109,60621],{"class":139},[44,95111,127],{"class":58},[44,95113,357],{"class":62},[44,95115,2432],{"class":58},[20,95117,150],{},[35,95119,95121],{"className":37,"code":95120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,95122,95123,95137,95161,95175,95189,95193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95124,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95126,60621],{"class":139},[44,95128,127],{"class":58},[44,95130,2748],{"class":62},[44,95132,66],{"class":58},[44,95134,104],{"class":62},[44,95136,133],{"class":58},[44,95138,95139,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153,95155,95157,95159],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95140,4521],{"class":58},[44,95142,2748],{"class":62},[44,95144,66],{"class":58},[44,95146,2212],{"class":62},[44,95148,66],{"class":58},[44,95150,69],{"class":62},[44,95152,66],{"class":58},[44,95154,74],{"class":62},[44,95156,66],{"class":58},[44,95158,79],{"class":62},[44,95160,1967],{"class":58},[44,95162,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95164,576],{"class":54},[44,95166,580],{"class":579},[44,95168,584],{"class":583},[44,95170,60621],{"class":587},[44,95172,590],{"class":583},[44,95174,593],{"class":54},[44,95176,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185,95187],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,95178,576],{"class":54},[44,95180,580],{"class":579},[44,95182,584],{"class":583},[44,95184,8715],{"class":587},[44,95186,590],{"class":583},[44,95188,593],{"class":54},[44,95190,95191],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,95192,4601],{"class":4471},[44,95194,95195],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,95196,3570],{"class":62},[30,95198,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,95200,15521,95202,95204],{"id":95201},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95203,36820],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95206,46988,95207,95209],{},[15,95208,36820],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1044,95211,1444,95213,11711,95215,1447],{"id":95212},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange",[15,95214,36820],{},[15,95216,93702],{},[20,95218,95219,95221,95222,95224],{},[15,95220,36820],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95223,93702],{}," creates a full list.",[1044,95226,95228],{"id":95227},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95230,95231],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95233,295],{},[35,95235,95237],{"className":37,"code":95236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95238,95239,95253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95242,93841],{"class":50},[44,95244,55],{"class":54},[44,95246,54696],{"class":139},[44,95248,127],{"class":58},[44,95250,357],{"class":62},[44,95252,133],{"class":58},[44,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95256,140],{"class":139},[44,95258,127],{"class":58},[44,95260,61128],{"class":123},[44,95262,4521],{"class":58},[44,95264,63],{"class":62},[44,95266,4509],{"class":58},[20,95268,150],{},[35,95270,95271],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95272,95273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95274,95275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95276,47540],{"class":62},[1044,95278,5776,95280,95282],{"id":95279},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95281,94981],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95284,95285,95286,95289],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95287,95288],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1044,95291,95293,95294,95296],{"id":95292},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95295,36820],{}," to a list?",[20,95298,95299],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,95301,2528],{"id":2527},[205,95303,95304,95310,95316,95323,95329],{},[208,95305,95306],{},[176,95307,4197,95308,4130],{"href":93686},[15,95309,36820],{},[208,95311,95312],{},[176,95313,4197,95314,4130],{"href":65471},[15,95315,25399],{},[208,95317,95318],{},[176,95319,4197,95320,95322],{"href":94139},[15,95321,6576],{}," loops explained",[208,95324,95325],{},[176,95326,38141,95327,37231],{"href":94505},[15,95328,36370],{},[208,95330,95331],{},[176,95332,26741,95333],{"href":36040},[15,95334,34874],{},[2554,95336,95337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":95339},[95340,95341,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350,95351,95352,95353,95364],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":93805,"depth":85,"text":93806},{"id":94037,"depth":85,"text":95343},"What range() gives you",{"id":94250,"depth":85,"text":95345},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94375,"depth":85,"text":95347},"When to use range()",{"id":94510,"depth":85,"text":95349},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16214,"depth":85,"text":16215},{"id":94829,"depth":85,"text":94830},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":95354},[95355,95357,95359,95360,95362],{"id":95201,"depth":109,"text":95356},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95212,"depth":109,"text":95358},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95227,"depth":109,"text":95228},{"id":95279,"depth":109,"text":95361},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95292,"depth":109,"text":95363},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93692,"description":95365},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95372,"title":95373,"body":95374,"description":96810,"extension":2593,"meta":96811,"navigation":364,"path":96812,"seo":96813,"stem":96814,"__hash__":96815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95375,"toc":96776},[95376,95382,95387,95390,95404,95407,95409,95448,95450,95463,95471,95476,95492,95495,95497,95499,95520,95537,95540,95599,95601,95620,95625,95631,95634,95668,95670,95683,95686,95731,95733,95756,95763,95769,95772,95813,95815,95829,95832,95890,95892,95907,95920,95926,95932,95997,95999,96018,96020,96038,96041,96045,96051,96053,96086,96088,96101,96111,96114,96175,96177,96198,96201,96203,96219,96224,96228,96233,96238,96294,96296,96314,96317,96362,96364,96372,96377,96381,96395,96397,96429,96431,96440,96442,96446,96455,96458,96490,96492,96504,96507,96511,96516,96557,96559,96567,96570,96593,96597,96599,96608,96611,96664,96666,96675,96679,96684,96695,96697,96706,96709,96715,96718,96724,96734,96742,96749,96751,96773],[10,95377,4197,95379,4201],{"id":95378},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95380,95381],{},"round()",[20,95383,9745,95384,95386],{},[15,95385,95381],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95388,95389],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[205,95391,95392,95398],{},[208,95393,95394,95397],{},[15,95395,95396],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[208,95399,95400,95403],{},[15,95401,95402],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95405,95406],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,95408,2634],{"id":2633},[35,95410,95412],{"className":37,"code":95411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95413,95414,95430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95415,95416,95418,95420,95423,95425,95428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95417,140],{"class":139},[44,95419,127],{"class":58},[44,95421,95422],{"class":139},"round",[44,95424,127],{"class":58},[44,95426,95427],{"class":62},"3.14159",[44,95429,556],{"class":58},[44,95431,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95433,140],{"class":139},[44,95435,127],{"class":58},[44,95437,95422],{"class":139},[44,95439,127],{"class":58},[44,95441,95427],{"class":62},[44,95443,66],{"class":58},[44,95445,69],{"class":62},[44,95447,556],{"class":58},[20,95449,150],{},[35,95451,95453],{"className":37,"code":95452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95454,95455,95459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95456,95457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95458,47240],{"class":62},[44,95460,95461],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95462,40800],{"class":62},[20,95464,1296,95465,95467,95468,95470],{},[15,95466,95396],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95469,95402],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,95472,186,95474,189],{"id":95473},"what-round-does",[15,95475,95381],{},[205,95477,95478,95483,95486,95489],{},[208,95479,95480,95482],{},[15,95481,95381],{}," is a built-in Python function",[208,95484,95485],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[208,95487,95488],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[208,95490,95491],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95493,95494],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,95496,234],{"id":233},[20,95498,2787],{},[35,95500,95502],{"className":37,"code":95501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95503,95504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95505,95506,95508,95510,95512,95515,95518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95507,95422],{"class":139},[44,95509,127],{"class":58},[44,95511,2867],{"class":123},[44,95513,95514],{"class":58},"[,",[44,95516,95517],{"class":123}," ndigits",[44,95519,4509],{"class":58},[205,95521,95522,95527,95532],{},[208,95523,95524,95526],{},[15,95525,2867],{}," is the value to round",[208,95528,95529,20657],{},[15,95530,95531],{},"ndigits",[208,95533,95534,95536],{},[15,95535,95531],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95538,95539],{},"Basic examples:",[35,95541,95543],{"className":37,"code":95542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95544,95545,95560,95578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95546,95547,95549,95551,95553,95555,95558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95548,140],{"class":139},[44,95550,127],{"class":58},[44,95552,95422],{"class":139},[44,95554,127],{"class":58},[44,95556,95557],{"class":62},"7.8",[44,95559,556],{"class":58},[44,95561,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95563,140],{"class":139},[44,95565,127],{"class":58},[44,95567,95422],{"class":139},[44,95569,127],{"class":58},[44,95571,95557],{"class":62},[44,95573,66],{"class":58},[44,95575,2212],{"class":62},[44,95577,556],{"class":58},[44,95579,95580,95582,95584,95586,95588,95591,95593,95595,95597],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95581,140],{"class":139},[44,95583,127],{"class":58},[44,95585,95422],{"class":139},[44,95587,127],{"class":58},[44,95589,95590],{"class":62},"1234",[44,95592,66],{"class":58},[44,95594,2850],{"class":54},[44,95596,339],{"class":62},[44,95598,556],{"class":58},[20,95600,150],{},[35,95602,95604],{"className":37,"code":95603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95605,95606,95610,95615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95607,95608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95609,3009],{"class":62},[44,95611,95612],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95613,95614],{"class":62},"7.8\n",[44,95616,95617],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95618,95619],{"class":62},"1200\n",[20,95621,95622,95623,120],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[176,95624,3048],{"href":3047},[30,95626,863,95628,95630],{"id":95627},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95629,95381],{}," with one argument",[20,95632,95633],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,95635,95637],{"className":37,"code":95636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95638,95639,95653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95640,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95642,140],{"class":139},[44,95644,127],{"class":58},[44,95646,95422],{"class":139},[44,95648,127],{"class":58},[44,95650,2990],{"class":62},[44,95652,556],{"class":58},[44,95654,95655,95657,95659,95661,95663,95666],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95656,140],{"class":139},[44,95658,127],{"class":58},[44,95660,95422],{"class":139},[44,95662,127],{"class":58},[44,95664,95665],{"class":62},"4.8",[44,95667,556],{"class":58},[20,95669,150],{},[35,95671,95673],{"className":37,"code":95672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,95674,95675,95679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95676,95677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95678,49274],{"class":62},[44,95680,95681],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95682,3570],{"class":62},[20,95684,95685],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,95687,95689],{"className":37,"code":95688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95690,95691,95707,95717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95692,95693,95695,95697,95700,95702,95705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95694,112],{"class":50},[44,95696,55],{"class":54},[44,95698,95699],{"class":139}," round",[44,95701,127],{"class":58},[44,95703,95704],{"class":62},"10.2",[44,95706,133],{"class":58},[44,95708,95709,95711,95713,95715],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95710,140],{"class":139},[44,95712,127],{"class":58},[44,95714,145],{"class":123},[44,95716,133],{"class":58},[44,95718,95719,95721,95723,95725,95727,95729],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95720,140],{"class":139},[44,95722,127],{"class":58},[44,95724,549],{"class":548},[44,95726,127],{"class":58},[44,95728,145],{"class":123},[44,95730,556],{"class":58},[20,95732,150],{},[35,95734,95736],{"className":37,"code":95735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95737,95738,95742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95739,95740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95741,3004],{"class":62},[44,95743,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95745,576],{"class":54},[44,95747,580],{"class":579},[44,95749,584],{"class":583},[44,95751,2816],{"class":587},[44,95753,590],{"class":583},[44,95755,593],{"class":54},[20,95757,95758,95759,120],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[176,95760,4197,95761,4130],{"href":3499},[15,95762,3502],{},[30,95764,863,95766,95768],{"id":95765},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95767,95381],{}," with decimal places",[20,95770,95771],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,95773,95775],{"className":37,"code":95774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95776,95777,95795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95778,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95780,140],{"class":139},[44,95782,127],{"class":58},[44,95784,95422],{"class":139},[44,95786,127],{"class":58},[44,95788,95427],{"class":62},[44,95790,66],{"class":58},[44,95792,69],{"class":62},[44,95794,556],{"class":58},[44,95796,95797,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809,95811],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95798,140],{"class":139},[44,95800,127],{"class":58},[44,95802,95422],{"class":139},[44,95804,127],{"class":58},[44,95806,95427],{"class":62},[44,95808,66],{"class":58},[44,95810,74],{"class":62},[44,95812,556],{"class":58},[20,95814,150],{},[35,95816,95818],{"className":37,"code":95817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95819,95820,95824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95821,95822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95823,40800],{"class":62},[44,95825,95826],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95827,95828],{"class":62},"3.142\n",[20,95830,95831],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,95833,95835],{"className":37,"code":95834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95836,95837,95846,95865,95869,95879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95838,95839,95841,95843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95840,41010],{"class":50},[44,95842,55],{"class":54},[44,95844,95845],{"class":62}," 19.9876\n",[44,95847,95848,95851,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95849,95850],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,95852,55],{"class":54},[44,95854,95699],{"class":139},[44,95856,127],{"class":58},[44,95858,25768],{"class":123},[44,95860,66],{"class":58},[44,95862,69],{"class":62},[44,95864,133],{"class":58},[44,95866,95867],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95868,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,95870,95871,95873,95875,95877],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,95872,140],{"class":139},[44,95874,127],{"class":58},[44,95876,25768],{"class":123},[44,95878,133],{"class":58},[44,95880,95881,95883,95885,95888],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,95882,140],{"class":139},[44,95884,127],{"class":58},[44,95886,95887],{"class":123},"rounded_price",[44,95889,133],{"class":58},[20,95891,150],{},[35,95893,95895],{"className":37,"code":95894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95896,95897,95902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95898,95899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95900,95901],{"class":62},"19.9876\n",[44,95903,95904],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95905,95906],{"class":62},"19.99\n",[20,95908,95909,95910,95913,95914,428,95916,120],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95911,95912],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[176,95915,41515],{"href":41514},[176,95917,4197,95918,4130],{"href":3505},[15,95919,3508],{},[30,95921,95923,95924],{"id":95922},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95925,95531],{},[20,95927,95928,95929,95931],{},"A negative ",[15,95930,95531],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,95933,95935],{"className":37,"code":95934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95936,95937,95957,95977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95938,95939,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95940,140],{"class":139},[44,95942,127],{"class":58},[44,95944,95422],{"class":139},[44,95946,127],{"class":58},[44,95948,95590],{"class":62},[44,95950,66],{"class":58},[44,95952,2850],{"class":54},[44,95954,63],{"class":62},[44,95956,556],{"class":58},[44,95958,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,95960,140],{"class":139},[44,95962,127],{"class":58},[44,95964,95422],{"class":139},[44,95966,127],{"class":58},[44,95968,95590],{"class":62},[44,95970,66],{"class":58},[44,95972,2850],{"class":54},[44,95974,339],{"class":62},[44,95976,556],{"class":58},[44,95978,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,95980,140],{"class":139},[44,95982,127],{"class":58},[44,95984,95422],{"class":139},[44,95986,127],{"class":58},[44,95988,95590],{"class":62},[44,95990,66],{"class":58},[44,95992,2850],{"class":54},[44,95994,95],{"class":62},[44,95996,556],{"class":58},[20,95998,150],{},[35,96000,96002],{"className":37,"code":96001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,96003,96004,96009,96013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96005,96006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96007,96008],{"class":62},"1230\n",[44,96010,96011],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96012,95619],{"class":62},[44,96014,96015],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96016,96017],{"class":62},"1000\n",[20,96019,66208],{},[205,96021,96022,96027,96033],{},[208,96023,96024,96026],{},[15,96025,66478],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[208,96028,96029,96032],{},[15,96030,96031],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[208,96034,96035,96037],{},[15,96036,48294],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,96039,96040],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,96042,96044],{"id":96043},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,96046,96047,96048,120],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,96049,96050],{},".5",[20,96052,6090],{},[35,96054,96056],{"className":37,"code":96055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,96057,96058,96072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96059,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96061,140],{"class":139},[44,96063,127],{"class":58},[44,96065,95422],{"class":139},[44,96067,127],{"class":58},[44,96069,41781],{"class":62},[44,96071,556],{"class":58},[44,96073,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96075,140],{"class":139},[44,96077,127],{"class":58},[44,96079,95422],{"class":139},[44,96081,127],{"class":58},[44,96083,2670],{"class":62},[44,96085,556],{"class":58},[20,96087,150],{},[35,96089,96091],{"className":37,"code":96090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,96092,96093,96097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96094,96095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96096,17675],{"class":62},[44,96098,96099],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96100,49274],{"class":62},[20,96102,96103,96104,96107,96108,96110],{},"Python uses ",[197,96105,96106],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,96109,96050],{}," situations.",[20,96112,96113],{},"More examples:",[35,96115,96117],{"className":37,"code":96116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,96118,96119,96133,96147,96161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96120,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96122,140],{"class":139},[44,96124,127],{"class":58},[44,96126,95422],{"class":139},[44,96128,127],{"class":58},[44,96130,41794],{"class":62},[44,96132,556],{"class":58},[44,96134,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96136,140],{"class":139},[44,96138,127],{"class":58},[44,96140,95422],{"class":139},[44,96142,127],{"class":58},[44,96144,41781],{"class":62},[44,96146,556],{"class":58},[44,96148,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96150,140],{"class":139},[44,96152,127],{"class":58},[44,96154,95422],{"class":139},[44,96156,127],{"class":58},[44,96158,2670],{"class":62},[44,96160,556],{"class":58},[44,96162,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96164,140],{"class":139},[44,96166,127],{"class":58},[44,96168,95422],{"class":139},[44,96170,127],{"class":58},[44,96172,41746],{"class":62},[44,96174,556],{"class":58},[20,96176,150],{},[35,96178,96180],{"className":37,"code":96179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96181,96182,96186,96190,96194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96183,96184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96185,17675],{"class":62},[44,96187,96188],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96189,17675],{"class":62},[44,96191,96192],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96193,49274],{"class":62},[44,96195,96196],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96197,49274],{"class":62},[20,96199,96200],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96202,11332],{},[205,96204,96205,96212],{},[208,96206,96207,2762,96210],{},[15,96208,96209],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96211,339],{},[208,96213,96214,2762,96217],{},[15,96215,96216],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96218,1517],{},[20,96220,3793,96221,96223],{},[15,96222,96050],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,96225,96227],{"id":96226},"return-values","Return values",[20,96229,96230,96232],{},[15,96231,95381],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96234,1801,96235,96237],{},[197,96236,199],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,96239,96241],{"className":37,"code":96240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96242,96243,96252,96256,96266,96284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96244,96245,96247,96249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96246,3075],{"class":50},[44,96248,55],{"class":54},[44,96250,96251],{"class":62}," 3.14159\n",[44,96253,96254],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96255,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,96257,96258,96260,96262,96264],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96259,140],{"class":139},[44,96261,127],{"class":58},[44,96263,3100],{"class":123},[44,96265,133],{"class":58},[44,96267,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96269,140],{"class":139},[44,96271,127],{"class":58},[44,96273,95422],{"class":139},[44,96275,127],{"class":58},[44,96277,3100],{"class":123},[44,96279,66],{"class":58},[44,96281,69],{"class":62},[44,96283,556],{"class":58},[44,96285,96286,96288,96290,96292],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,96287,140],{"class":139},[44,96289,127],{"class":58},[44,96291,3100],{"class":123},[44,96293,133],{"class":58},[20,96295,150],{},[35,96297,96299],{"className":37,"code":96298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96300,96301,96306,96310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96302,96303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96304,96305],{"class":62},"3.14159\n",[44,96307,96308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96309,40800],{"class":62},[44,96311,96312],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96313,96305],{"class":62},[20,96315,96316],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,96318,96320],{"className":37,"code":96319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96321,96322,96330,96348,96352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96323,96324,96326,96328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96325,3075],{"class":50},[44,96327,55],{"class":54},[44,96329,96251],{"class":62},[44,96331,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96333,3075],{"class":50},[44,96335,55],{"class":54},[44,96337,95699],{"class":139},[44,96339,127],{"class":58},[44,96341,3100],{"class":123},[44,96343,66],{"class":58},[44,96345,69],{"class":62},[44,96347,133],{"class":58},[44,96349,96350],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96351,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,96353,96354,96356,96358,96360],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96355,140],{"class":139},[44,96357,127],{"class":58},[44,96359,3100],{"class":123},[44,96361,133],{"class":58},[20,96363,150],{},[35,96365,96366],{"className":37,"code":40800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96367,96368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96369,96370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96371,40800],{"class":62},[30,96373,5578,96375],{"id":96374},"when-to-use-round",[15,96376,95381],{},[20,96378,1296,96379,6935],{},[15,96380,95381],{},[205,96382,96383,96386,96389,96392],{},[208,96384,96385],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[208,96387,96388],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[208,96390,96391],{},"Round values before reporting results",[208,96393,96394],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96396,6090],{},[35,96398,96400],{"className":37,"code":96399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96401,96402,96411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96403,96404,96406,96408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96405,3220],{"class":50},[44,96407,55],{"class":54},[44,96409,96410],{"class":62}," 12.67891\n",[44,96412,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96414,140],{"class":139},[44,96416,127],{"class":58},[44,96418,95422],{"class":139},[44,96420,127],{"class":58},[44,96422,3243],{"class":123},[44,96424,66],{"class":58},[44,96426,69],{"class":62},[44,96428,556],{"class":58},[20,96430,150],{},[35,96432,96434],{"className":37,"code":96433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,96435,96436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96437,96438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96439,96433],{"class":62},[30,96441,3454],{"id":3453},[20,96443,23712,96444,120],{},[15,96445,95381],{},[1044,96447,9075,96449,96451,96452,96454],{"id":96448},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96450,95381],{}," to always round ",[15,96453,96050],{}," upward",[20,96456,96457],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,96459,96460],{"className":37,"code":96055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96461,96462,96476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96465,140],{"class":139},[44,96467,127],{"class":58},[44,96469,95422],{"class":139},[44,96471,127],{"class":58},[44,96473,41781],{"class":62},[44,96475,556],{"class":58},[44,96477,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96479,140],{"class":139},[44,96481,127],{"class":58},[44,96483,95422],{"class":139},[44,96485,127],{"class":58},[44,96487,2670],{"class":62},[44,96489,556],{"class":58},[20,96491,150],{},[35,96493,96494],{"className":37,"code":96090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96495,96496,96500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96497,96498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96499,17675],{"class":62},[44,96501,96502],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96503,49274],{"class":62},[20,96505,96506],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1044,96508,96510],{"id":96509},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96512,96513,96515],{},[15,96514,95381],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,96517,96519],{"className":37,"code":96518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96520,96521,96529,96543,96547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96522,96523,96525,96527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96524,3075],{"class":50},[44,96526,55],{"class":54},[44,96528,96251],{"class":62},[44,96530,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96532,95422],{"class":139},[44,96534,127],{"class":58},[44,96536,3100],{"class":123},[44,96538,66],{"class":58},[44,96540,69],{"class":62},[44,96542,133],{"class":58},[44,96544,96545],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96546,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,96548,96549,96551,96553,96555],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96550,140],{"class":139},[44,96552,127],{"class":58},[44,96554,3100],{"class":123},[44,96556,133],{"class":58},[20,96558,150],{},[35,96560,96561],{"className":37,"code":96305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96562,96563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96564,96565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96566,96305],{"class":62},[20,96568,96569],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,96571,96573],{"className":37,"code":96572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96574,96575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96576,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96578,3075],{"class":50},[44,96580,55],{"class":54},[44,96582,95699],{"class":139},[44,96584,127],{"class":58},[44,96586,3100],{"class":123},[44,96588,66],{"class":58},[44,96590,69],{"class":62},[44,96592,133],{"class":58},[1044,96594,96596],{"id":96595},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96598,17019],{},[35,96600,96602],{"className":37,"code":96601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96603,96604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96605,96606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96607,96601],{"class":1992},[20,96609,96610],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,96612,96614],{"className":37,"code":96613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96615,96616,96628,96642,96646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96617,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96619,35307],{"class":50},[44,96621,55],{"class":54},[44,96623,643],{"class":583},[44,96625,40766],{"class":587},[44,96627,3979],{"class":583},[44,96629,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96631,2845],{"class":50},[44,96633,55],{"class":54},[44,96635,40878],{"class":548},[44,96637,127],{"class":58},[44,96639,35328],{"class":123},[44,96641,133],{"class":58},[44,96643,96644],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96645,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,96647,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,96649,140],{"class":139},[44,96651,127],{"class":58},[44,96653,95422],{"class":139},[44,96655,127],{"class":58},[44,96657,2867],{"class":123},[44,96659,66],{"class":58},[44,96661,2212],{"class":62},[44,96663,556],{"class":58},[20,96665,150],{},[35,96667,96669],{"className":37,"code":96668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,96670,96671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96672,96673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96674,96668],{"class":62},[1044,96676,96678],{"id":96677},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96680,96681,96683],{},[15,96682,95381],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96685,96686,96687,428,96691,120],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[176,96688,96689],{"href":3505},[15,96690,3508],{},[176,96692,96693],{"href":3499},[15,96694,3502],{},[30,96696,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,96698,2482,96700,96702,96703,96705],{"id":96699},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96701,95381],{}," always round ",[15,96704,40837],{}," up?",[20,96707,96708],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1044,96710,2482,96712,96714],{"id":96711},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96713,95381],{}," change the original number?",[20,96716,96717],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1044,96719,5788,96721,96723],{"id":96720},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96722,95381],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96725,96726,96727,96729,96730,428,96732,120],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96728,95531],{}," value like ",[15,96731,66478],{},[15,96733,96031],{},[1044,96735,2509,96737,96739,96740,1447],{"id":96736},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96738,95381],{}," on a string like ",[15,96741,48718],{},[20,96743,96744,96745,428,96747,120],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96746,3508],{},[15,96748,3502],{},[30,96750,2528],{"id":2527},[205,96752,96753,96759,96765,96769],{},[208,96754,96755],{},[176,96756,4197,96757,4130],{"href":3505},[15,96758,3508],{},[208,96760,96761],{},[176,96762,4197,96763,4130],{"href":3499},[15,96764,3502],{},[208,96766,96767],{},[176,96768,3048],{"href":3047},[208,96770,96771],{},[176,96772,42804],{"href":41514},[2554,96774,96775],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":96777},[96778,96779,96781,96782,96784,96786,96788,96789,96790,96792,96799,96809],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":95473,"depth":85,"text":96780},"What round() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":95627,"depth":85,"text":96783},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95765,"depth":85,"text":96785},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95922,"depth":85,"text":96787},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":96043,"depth":85,"text":96044},{"id":96226,"depth":85,"text":96227},{"id":96374,"depth":85,"text":96791},"When to use round()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":96793},[96794,96796,96797,96798],{"id":96448,"depth":109,"text":96795},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96509,"depth":109,"text":96510},{"id":96595,"depth":109,"text":96596},{"id":96677,"depth":109,"text":96678},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":96800},[96801,96803,96805,96807],{"id":96699,"depth":109,"text":96802},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96711,"depth":109,"text":96804},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96720,"depth":109,"text":96806},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96736,"depth":109,"text":96808},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95373,"description":96810},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96817,"title":96818,"body":96819,"description":97998,"extension":2593,"meta":97999,"navigation":364,"path":98000,"seo":98001,"stem":98002,"__hash__":98003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96820,"toc":97972},[96821,96827,96833,96836,96838,96887,96891,96916,96921,96926,96931,96944,96953,96955,96974,96976,96992,96995,97006,97008,97010,97071,97075,97108,97115,97122,97125,97158,97161,97165,97168,97221,97225,97245,97251,97258,97265,97326,97334,97411,97415,97427,97435,97437,97443,97449,97453,97506,97509,97567,97571,97579,97582,97586,97589,97599,97601,97698,97701,97712,97715,97758,97762,97786,97789,97795,97797,97801,97826,97828,97895,97904,97906,97912,97917,97921,97924,97928,97935,97939,97944,97946,97963,97969],[10,96822,13,96824,18],{"id":96823},"python-set-add-method",[15,96825,96826],{},"add()",[20,96828,96829,96832],{},[15,96830,96831],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96834,96835],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96837,2634],{"id":2633},[35,96839,96841],{"className":37,"code":96840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96842,96843,96863,96877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96844,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96846,884],{"class":50},[44,96848,55],{"class":54},[44,96850,59],{"class":58},[44,96852,63],{"class":62},[44,96854,66],{"class":58},[44,96856,69],{"class":62},[44,96858,66],{"class":58},[44,96860,74],{"class":62},[44,96862,82],{"class":58},[44,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,96866,4268],{"class":50},[44,96868,120],{"class":58},[44,96870,82729],{"class":123},[44,96872,127],{"class":58},[44,96874,1517],{"class":62},[44,96876,133],{"class":58},[44,96878,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,96880,140],{"class":139},[44,96882,127],{"class":58},[44,96884,4268],{"class":123},[44,96886,133],{"class":58},[20,96888,96889],{},[197,96890,150],{},[35,96892,96894],{"className":37,"code":96893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96895,96896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96897,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96899,160],{"class":58},[44,96901,63],{"class":62},[44,96903,66],{"class":58},[44,96905,69],{"class":62},[44,96907,66],{"class":58},[44,96909,74],{"class":62},[44,96911,66],{"class":58},[44,96913,79],{"class":62},[44,96915,82],{"class":58},[20,96917,1296,96918,96920],{},[15,96919,96826],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96922,186,96924,189],{"id":96923},"what-setadd-does",[15,96925,96831],{},[20,96927,96928,96930],{},[15,96929,96831],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[205,96932,96933,96936,96939,96941],{},[208,96934,96935],{},"Adds one item to a set",[208,96937,96938],{},"Changes the original set in place",[208,96940,1198],{},[208,96942,96943],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96945,224,96946,428,96949,120],{},[176,96947,228],{"href":96948},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained",[176,96950,96952],{"href":96951},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,96954,234],{"id":233},[35,96956,96958],{"className":37,"code":96957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96959,96960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96961,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96963,16284],{"class":50},[44,96965,120],{"class":58},[44,96967,82729],{"class":123},[44,96969,127],{"class":58},[44,96971,23928],{"class":123},[44,96973,133],{"class":58},[20,96975,12076],{},[205,96977,96978,96983,96986],{},[208,96979,56534,96980,96982],{},[15,96981,96826],{}," on an existing set",[208,96984,96985],{},"Pass exactly one item",[208,96987,96988,96989],{},"The item must be ",[197,96990,96991],{},"hashable",[20,96993,96994],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[205,96996,96997,96999,97001,97004],{},[208,96998,57087],{},[208,97000,57090],{},[208,97002,97003],{},"Tuples",[208,97005,41218],{},[30,97007,613],{"id":612},[20,97009,12094],{},[35,97011,97013],{"className":37,"code":97012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97014,97015,97039,97057,97061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97016,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035,97037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97018,13692],{"class":50},[44,97020,55],{"class":54},[44,97022,59],{"class":58},[44,97024,633],{"class":583},[44,97026,13709],{"class":587},[44,97028,633],{"class":583},[44,97030,66],{"class":58},[44,97032,643],{"class":583},[44,97034,13726],{"class":587},[44,97036,633],{"class":583},[44,97038,82],{"class":58},[44,97040,97041,97043,97045,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97042,18120],{"class":50},[44,97044,120],{"class":58},[44,97046,82729],{"class":123},[44,97048,127],{"class":58},[44,97050,633],{"class":583},[44,97052,18073],{"class":587},[44,97054,633],{"class":583},[44,97056,133],{"class":58},[44,97058,97059],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97060,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97064,140],{"class":139},[44,97066,127],{"class":58},[44,97068,18120],{"class":123},[44,97070,133],{"class":58},[20,97072,97073],{},[197,97074,756],{},[35,97076,97078],{"className":37,"code":97077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,97079,97080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090,97092,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104,97106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97083,160],{"class":58},[44,97085,590],{"class":583},[44,97087,13709],{"class":587},[44,97089,590],{"class":583},[44,97091,66],{"class":58},[44,97093,584],{"class":583},[44,97095,18073],{"class":587},[44,97097,590],{"class":583},[44,97099,66],{"class":58},[44,97101,584],{"class":583},[44,97103,13726],{"class":587},[44,97105,590],{"class":583},[44,97107,82],{"class":58},[20,97109,97110,97111,97114],{},"The new value ",[15,97112,97113],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,97116,97117,97118,97121],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[197,97119,97120],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,97123,97124],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,97126,97128],{"className":37,"code":97127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,97129,97130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97131,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97133,160],{"class":58},[44,97135,590],{"class":583},[44,97137,13726],{"class":587},[44,97139,590],{"class":583},[44,97141,66],{"class":58},[44,97143,584],{"class":583},[44,97145,13709],{"class":587},[44,97147,590],{"class":583},[44,97149,66],{"class":58},[44,97151,584],{"class":583},[44,97153,18073],{"class":587},[44,97155,590],{"class":583},[44,97157,82],{"class":58},[20,97159,97160],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,97162,97164],{"id":97163},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97166,97167],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,97169,97171],{"className":37,"code":97170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97172,97173,97193,97207,97211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97174,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97176,884],{"class":50},[44,97178,55],{"class":54},[44,97180,59],{"class":58},[44,97182,63],{"class":62},[44,97184,66],{"class":58},[44,97186,69],{"class":62},[44,97188,66],{"class":58},[44,97190,74],{"class":62},[44,97192,82],{"class":58},[44,97194,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97196,4268],{"class":50},[44,97198,120],{"class":58},[44,97200,82729],{"class":123},[44,97202,127],{"class":58},[44,97204,339],{"class":62},[44,97206,133],{"class":58},[44,97208,97209],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97210,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97214,140],{"class":139},[44,97216,127],{"class":58},[44,97218,4268],{"class":123},[44,97220,133],{"class":58},[20,97222,97223],{},[197,97224,150],{},[35,97226,97227],{"className":37,"code":1668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97228,97229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97230,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97232,160],{"class":58},[44,97234,63],{"class":62},[44,97236,66],{"class":58},[44,97238,69],{"class":62},[44,97240,66],{"class":58},[44,97242,74],{"class":62},[44,97244,82],{"class":58},[20,97246,97247,97248,97250],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97249,339],{}," was already present.",[30,97252,97254,1036,97256],{"id":97253},"add-vs-update",[15,97255,96826],{},[15,97257,15572],{},[20,97259,1296,97260,97262,97263,120],{},[15,97261,96826],{}," when you want to add ",[197,97264,53282],{},[35,97266,97268],{"className":37,"code":97267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97269,97270,97294,97312,97316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97271,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97273,36712],{"class":50},[44,97275,55],{"class":54},[44,97277,59],{"class":58},[44,97279,633],{"class":583},[44,97281,176],{"class":587},[44,97283,633],{"class":583},[44,97285,66],{"class":58},[44,97287,643],{"class":583},[44,97289,130],{"class":587},[44,97291,633],{"class":583},[44,97293,82],{"class":58},[44,97295,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97297,36765],{"class":50},[44,97299,120],{"class":58},[44,97301,82729],{"class":123},[44,97303,127],{"class":58},[44,97305,633],{"class":583},[44,97307,431],{"class":587},[44,97309,633],{"class":583},[44,97311,133],{"class":58},[44,97313,97314],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97315,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97317,97318,97320,97322,97324],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97319,140],{"class":139},[44,97321,127],{"class":58},[44,97323,36765],{"class":123},[44,97325,133],{"class":58},[20,97327,1296,97328,97262,97330,97333],{},[15,97329,15572],{},[197,97331,97332],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,97335,97337],{"className":37,"code":97336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97338,97339,97363,97397,97401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97342,36712],{"class":50},[44,97344,55],{"class":54},[44,97346,59],{"class":58},[44,97348,633],{"class":583},[44,97350,176],{"class":587},[44,97352,633],{"class":583},[44,97354,66],{"class":58},[44,97356,643],{"class":583},[44,97358,130],{"class":587},[44,97360,633],{"class":583},[44,97362,82],{"class":58},[44,97364,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97366,36765],{"class":50},[44,97368,120],{"class":58},[44,97370,31083],{"class":123},[44,97372,3609],{"class":58},[44,97374,633],{"class":583},[44,97376,431],{"class":587},[44,97378,633],{"class":583},[44,97380,66],{"class":58},[44,97382,643],{"class":583},[44,97384,19386],{"class":587},[44,97386,633],{"class":583},[44,97388,66],{"class":58},[44,97390,643],{"class":583},[44,97392,61070],{"class":587},[44,97394,633],{"class":583},[44,97396,4509],{"class":58},[44,97398,97399],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97402,97403,97405,97407,97409],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97404,140],{"class":139},[44,97406,127],{"class":58},[44,97408,36765],{"class":123},[44,97410,133],{"class":58},[1044,97412,97414],{"id":97413},"key-difference","Key difference",[205,97416,97417,97422],{},[208,97418,97419,97421],{},[15,97420,96826],{}," adds one item",[208,97423,97424,97426],{},[15,97425,15572],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97428,97429,97430,120],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[176,97431,2540,97433,2544],{"href":97432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,97434,15572],{},[30,97436,437],{"id":436},[20,97438,97439,3025,97441,120],{},[15,97440,96831],{},[15,97442,4398],{},[20,97444,97445,97446,97448],{},"That means you should ",[197,97447,199],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1044,97450,97452],{"id":97451},"correct","Correct",[35,97454,97456],{"className":37,"code":97455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97457,97458,97478,97492,97496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97459,97460,97462,97464,97466,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97461,16247],{"class":50},[44,97463,55],{"class":54},[44,97465,59],{"class":58},[44,97467,63],{"class":62},[44,97469,66],{"class":58},[44,97471,69],{"class":62},[44,97473,66],{"class":58},[44,97475,74],{"class":62},[44,97477,82],{"class":58},[44,97479,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97481,16284],{"class":50},[44,97483,120],{"class":58},[44,97485,82729],{"class":123},[44,97487,127],{"class":58},[44,97489,1517],{"class":62},[44,97491,133],{"class":58},[44,97493,97494],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97495,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97497,97498,97500,97502,97504],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97499,140],{"class":139},[44,97501,127],{"class":58},[44,97503,16284],{"class":123},[44,97505,133],{"class":58},[1044,97507,97508],{"id":62392},"Wrong",[35,97510,97512],{"className":37,"code":97511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97513,97514,97534,97553,97557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97515,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97517,16247],{"class":50},[44,97519,55],{"class":54},[44,97521,59],{"class":58},[44,97523,63],{"class":62},[44,97525,66],{"class":58},[44,97527,69],{"class":62},[44,97529,66],{"class":58},[44,97531,74],{"class":62},[44,97533,82],{"class":58},[44,97535,97536,97538,97540,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97537,16247],{"class":50},[44,97539,55],{"class":54},[44,97541,97542],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,97544,120],{"class":58},[44,97546,82729],{"class":123},[44,97548,127],{"class":58},[44,97550,1517],{"class":62},[44,97552,133],{"class":58},[44,97554,97555],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97556,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97558,97559,97561,97563,97565],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97560,140],{"class":139},[44,97562,127],{"class":58},[44,97564,16284],{"class":123},[44,97566,133],{"class":58},[20,97568,97569],{},[197,97570,150],{},[35,97572,97573],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97574,97575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97576,97577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97578,12424],{"class":4471},[20,97580,97581],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,97583,97585],{"id":97584},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97587,97588],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[205,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597],{},[208,97592,57087],{},[208,97594,57090],{},[208,97596,97003],{},[208,97598,41218],{},[20,97600,295],{},[35,97602,97604],{"className":37,"code":97603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97605,97606,97616,97620,97634,97652,97670,97684,97688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97609,8399],{"class":50},[44,97611,55],{"class":54},[44,97613,2050],{"class":548},[44,97615,571],{"class":58},[44,97617,97618],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97619,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97623,8430],{"class":50},[44,97625,120],{"class":58},[44,97627,82729],{"class":123},[44,97629,127],{"class":58},[44,97631,2958],{"class":62},[44,97633,133],{"class":58},[44,97635,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97637,8430],{"class":50},[44,97639,120],{"class":58},[44,97641,82729],{"class":123},[44,97643,127],{"class":58},[44,97645,633],{"class":583},[44,97647,4464],{"class":587},[44,97649,633],{"class":583},[44,97651,133],{"class":58},[44,97653,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,97655,8430],{"class":50},[44,97657,120],{"class":58},[44,97659,82729],{"class":123},[44,97661,6128],{"class":58},[44,97663,63],{"class":62},[44,97665,66],{"class":58},[44,97667,69],{"class":62},[44,97669,556],{"class":58},[44,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,97673,8430],{"class":50},[44,97675,120],{"class":58},[44,97677,82729],{"class":123},[44,97679,127],{"class":58},[44,97681,4226],{"class":4471},[44,97683,133],{"class":58},[44,97685,97686],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,97687,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,97689,97690,97692,97694,97696],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,97691,140],{"class":139},[44,97693,127],{"class":58},[44,97695,8430],{"class":123},[44,97697,133],{"class":58},[20,97699,97700],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[205,97702,97703,97706,97709],{},[208,97704,97705],{},"Lists",[208,97707,97708],{},"Dictionaries",[208,97710,97711],{},"Sets",[20,97713,97714],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,97716,97718],{"className":37,"code":97717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97719,97720,97740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97721,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97723,8399],{"class":50},[44,97725,55],{"class":54},[44,97727,59],{"class":58},[44,97729,63],{"class":62},[44,97731,66],{"class":58},[44,97733,69],{"class":62},[44,97735,66],{"class":58},[44,97737,74],{"class":62},[44,97739,82],{"class":58},[44,97741,97742,97744,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97743,8430],{"class":50},[44,97745,120],{"class":58},[44,97747,82729],{"class":123},[44,97749,3609],{"class":58},[44,97751,1517],{"class":62},[44,97753,66],{"class":58},[44,97755,104],{"class":62},[44,97757,4509],{"class":58},[20,97759,97760],{},[197,97761,30300],{},[35,97763,97765],{"className":37,"code":97764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97766,97767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97768,97769,97771,97773,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97770,3628],{"class":548},[44,97772,1598],{"class":58},[44,97774,97775],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,97777,549],{"class":548},[44,97779,1598],{"class":58},[44,97781,584],{"class":583},[44,97783,8715],{"class":587},[44,97785,30319],{"class":583},[20,97787,97788],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97790,97791,97792,120],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97793,97794],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,97796,3454],{"id":3453},[20,97798,15351,97799,1598],{},[15,97800,96831],{},[205,97802,97803,97808,97813,97816,97823],{},[208,97804,863,97805,97807],{},[15,97806,96826],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[208,97809,9075,97810,97812],{},[15,97811,96826],{}," to return the updated set",[208,97814,97815],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[208,97817,37826,97818,97820,97821],{},[15,97819,96831],{}," with list ",[15,97822,53278],{},[208,97824,97825],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97827,72130],{},[35,97829,97831],{"className":37,"code":97830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97832,97833,97843,97857,97867,97881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97834,97835,97837,97839,97841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97836,140],{"class":139},[44,97838,127],{"class":58},[44,97840,16284],{"class":123},[44,97842,133],{"class":58},[44,97844,97845,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,97846,140],{"class":139},[44,97848,127],{"class":58},[44,97850,549],{"class":548},[44,97852,127],{"class":58},[44,97854,16284],{"class":123},[44,97856,556],{"class":58},[44,97858,97859,97861,97863,97865],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,97860,140],{"class":139},[44,97862,127],{"class":58},[44,97864,3100],{"class":123},[44,97866,133],{"class":58},[44,97868,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,97870,140],{"class":139},[44,97872,127],{"class":58},[44,97874,549],{"class":548},[44,97876,127],{"class":58},[44,97878,3100],{"class":123},[44,97880,556],{"class":58},[44,97882,97883,97885,97887,97889,97891,97893],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,97884,32772],{"class":139},[44,97886,127],{"class":58},[44,97888,568],{"class":548},[44,97890,120],{"class":58},[44,97892,82729],{"class":25368},[44,97894,133],{"class":58},[20,97896,97897,97898,97900,97901,120],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97899,96831],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[176,97902,53675],{"href":97903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,97905,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,97907,2482,97909,97911],{"id":97908},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97910,96831],{}," return a new set?",[20,97913,97914,97915,120],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97916,4398],{},[1044,97918,97920],{"id":97919},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97922,97923],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1044,97925,97927],{"id":97926},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97929,1296,97930,11711,97933,120],{},[15,97931,97932],{},"set.update()",[15,97934,96826],{},[1044,97936,97938],{"id":97937},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97940,97941,97942,120],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97943,3628],{},[30,97945,2528],{"id":2527},[205,97947,97948,97952,97957],{},[208,97949,97950],{},[176,97951,228],{"href":96948},[208,97953,97954],{},[176,97955,97956],{"href":96951},"How to create a set in Python",[208,97958,97959],{},[176,97960,2540,97961,2544],{"href":97432},[15,97962,15572],{},[20,97964,97965,97966,97968],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97967,96826],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2554,97970,97971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":97973},[97974,97975,97977,97978,97979,97980,97984,97988,97989,97990,97997],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":96923,"depth":85,"text":97976},"What set.add() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":97163,"depth":85,"text":97164},{"id":97253,"depth":85,"text":97981,"children":97982},"add() vs update()",[97983],{"id":97413,"depth":109,"text":97414},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437,"children":97985},[97986,97987],{"id":97451,"depth":109,"text":97452},{"id":62392,"depth":109,"text":97508},{"id":97584,"depth":85,"text":97585},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":97991},[97992,97994,97995,97996],{"id":97908,"depth":109,"text":97993},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97919,"depth":109,"text":97920},{"id":97926,"depth":109,"text":97927},{"id":97937,"depth":109,"text":97938},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96818,"description":97998},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":98005,"title":98006,"body":98007,"description":99175,"extension":2593,"meta":99176,"navigation":364,"path":99177,"seo":99178,"stem":99179,"__hash__":99180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":98008,"toc":99142},[98009,98014,98020,98027,98072,98074,98085,98090,98095,98099,98113,98117,98119,98121,98136,98138,98152,98154,98156,98221,98223,98233,98235,98253,98259,98266,98271,98345,98347,98364,98370,98375,98446,98448,98475,98492,98495,98501,98503,98510,98514,98581,98583,98598,98601,98654,98656,98664,98676,98678,98682,98687,98689,98738,98740,98748,98750,98795,98797,98807,98813,98821,98834,98840,98842,98871,98873,98891,98895,98898,98929,98931,98949,98953,99028,99030,99046,99053,99055,99060,99065,99071,99074,99078,99086,99093,99101,99103,99139],[10,98010,13,98012,18],{"id":98011},"python-set-clear-method",[15,98013,11939],{},[20,98015,98016,98019],{},[15,98017,98018],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,98021,98022,98023,98026],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[197,98024,98025],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,98028,98030],{"className":37,"code":98029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98031,98032,98052,98062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98033,98034,98036,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048,98050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98035,884],{"class":50},[44,98037,55],{"class":54},[44,98039,59],{"class":58},[44,98041,63],{"class":62},[44,98043,66],{"class":58},[44,98045,69],{"class":62},[44,98047,66],{"class":58},[44,98049,74],{"class":62},[44,98051,82],{"class":58},[44,98053,98054,98056,98058,98060],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98055,4268],{"class":50},[44,98057,120],{"class":58},[44,98059,12000],{"class":123},[44,98061,571],{"class":58},[44,98063,98064,98066,98068,98070],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98065,140],{"class":139},[44,98067,127],{"class":58},[44,98069,4268],{"class":123},[44,98071,133],{"class":58},[20,98073,150],{},[35,98075,98077],{"className":37,"code":98076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,98078,98079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98080,98081,98083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98082,568],{"class":548},[44,98084,571],{"class":58},[20,98086,98087,98089],{},[15,98088,11939],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,98091,186,98093,189],{"id":98092},"what-setclear-does",[15,98094,98018],{},[20,98096,192,98097,12030],{},[15,98098,11939],{},[205,98100,98101,98104,98106,98110],{},[208,98102,98103],{},"Removes every item from a set",[208,98105,96938],{},[208,98107,12041,98108],{},[15,98109,4398],{},[208,98111,98112],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,98114,224,98115,72229],{},[176,98116,228],{"href":227},[30,98118,234],{"id":233},[20,98120,55073],{},[35,98122,98124],{"className":37,"code":98123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,98125,98126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98127,98128,98130,98132,98134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98129,16284],{"class":50},[44,98131,120],{"class":58},[44,98133,12000],{"class":123},[44,98135,571],{"class":58},[20,98137,203],{},[205,98139,98140,98143,98146,98149],{},[208,98141,98142],{},"It takes no arguments",[208,98144,98145],{},"It empties the set",[208,98147,98148],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[208,98150,98151],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,98153,613],{"id":612},[20,98155,12094],{},[35,98157,98159],{"className":37,"code":98158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98160,98161,98193,98197,98207,98211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98162,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98164,13692],{"class":50},[44,98166,55],{"class":54},[44,98168,59],{"class":58},[44,98170,633],{"class":583},[44,98172,13709],{"class":587},[44,98174,633],{"class":583},[44,98176,66],{"class":58},[44,98178,643],{"class":583},[44,98180,18073],{"class":587},[44,98182,633],{"class":583},[44,98184,66],{"class":58},[44,98186,643],{"class":583},[44,98188,13726],{"class":587},[44,98190,633],{"class":583},[44,98192,82],{"class":58},[44,98194,98195],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98196,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98198,98199,98201,98203,98205],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98200,18120],{"class":50},[44,98202,120],{"class":58},[44,98204,12000],{"class":123},[44,98206,571],{"class":58},[44,98208,98209],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98210,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,98214,140],{"class":139},[44,98216,127],{"class":58},[44,98218,18120],{"class":123},[44,98220,133],{"class":58},[20,98222,150],{},[35,98224,98225],{"className":37,"code":98076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98226,98227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98228,98229,98231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98230,568],{"class":548},[44,98232,571],{"class":58},[20,98234,832],{},[205,98236,98237,98242,98247],{},[208,98238,98239,98241],{},[15,98240,18120],{}," starts with three values",[208,98243,98244,12312],{},[15,98245,98246],{},"colors.clear()",[208,98248,98249,98250,98252],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98251,599],{},", which means an empty set",[30,98254,98256,98258],{"id":98255},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98257,11939],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98260,98261,2495,98263,98265],{},[15,98262,11939],{},[15,98264,599],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1044,98267,863,98269],{"id":98268},"using-clear",[15,98270,11939],{},[35,98272,98274],{"className":37,"code":98273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98275,98276,98296,98306,98310,98320,98324,98334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98277,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98279,8399],{"class":50},[44,98281,55],{"class":54},[44,98283,59],{"class":58},[44,98285,63],{"class":62},[44,98287,66],{"class":58},[44,98289,69],{"class":62},[44,98291,66],{"class":58},[44,98293,74],{"class":62},[44,98295,82],{"class":58},[44,98297,98298,98301,98303],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98299,98300],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,98302,55],{"class":54},[44,98304,98305],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,98307,98308],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98309,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98311,98312,98314,98316,98318],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98313,8430],{"class":50},[44,98315,120],{"class":58},[44,98317,12000],{"class":123},[44,98319,571],{"class":58},[44,98321,98322],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,98323,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98325,98326,98328,98330,98332],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,98327,140],{"class":139},[44,98329,127],{"class":58},[44,98331,8430],{"class":123},[44,98333,133],{"class":58},[44,98335,98336,98338,98340,98343],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,98337,140],{"class":139},[44,98339,127],{"class":58},[44,98341,98342],{"class":123},"other_name",[44,98344,133],{"class":58},[20,98346,150],{},[35,98348,98350],{"className":37,"code":98349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98351,98352,98358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98353,98354,98356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98355,568],{"class":548},[44,98357,571],{"class":58},[44,98359,98360,98362],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98361,568],{"class":548},[44,98363,571],{"class":58},[20,98365,98366,98367,120],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[197,98368,98369],{},"same set object",[1044,98371,863,98373],{"id":98372},"using-set",[15,98374,599],{},[35,98376,98378],{"className":37,"code":98377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98379,98380,98400,98408,98412,98422,98426,98436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98383,8399],{"class":50},[44,98385,55],{"class":54},[44,98387,59],{"class":58},[44,98389,63],{"class":62},[44,98391,66],{"class":58},[44,98393,69],{"class":62},[44,98395,66],{"class":58},[44,98397,74],{"class":62},[44,98399,82],{"class":58},[44,98401,98402,98404,98406],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98403,98300],{"class":50},[44,98405,55],{"class":54},[44,98407,98305],{"class":50},[44,98409,98410],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98411,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98413,98414,98416,98418,98420],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98415,8399],{"class":50},[44,98417,55],{"class":54},[44,98419,2050],{"class":548},[44,98421,571],{"class":58},[44,98423,98424],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,98425,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,98429,140],{"class":139},[44,98431,127],{"class":58},[44,98433,8430],{"class":123},[44,98435,133],{"class":58},[44,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,98439,140],{"class":139},[44,98441,127],{"class":58},[44,98443,98342],{"class":123},[44,98445,133],{"class":58},[20,98447,150],{},[35,98449,98451],{"className":37,"code":98450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98452,98453,98459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98454,98455,98457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98456,568],{"class":548},[44,98458,571],{"class":58},[44,98460,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98462,160],{"class":58},[44,98464,63],{"class":62},[44,98466,66],{"class":58},[44,98468,69],{"class":62},[44,98470,66],{"class":58},[44,98472,74],{"class":62},[44,98474,82],{"class":58},[20,98476,21389,98477,93717,98480,98483,98484,120,98486,98488,98489,98491],{},[15,98478,98479],{},"items = set()",[197,98481,98482],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98485,8430],{},[10466,98487],{},"\nBut ",[15,98490,98342],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98493,98494],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98496,98497,98498,120],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[176,98499,96952],{"href":98500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,98502,437],{"id":436},[20,98504,98505,14671,98507,98509],{},[15,98506,11939],{},[197,98508,199],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98511,5766,98512,120],{},[15,98513,4398],{},[35,98515,98517],{"className":37,"code":98516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98518,98519,98539,98543,98557,98561,98571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98520,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98522,884],{"class":50},[44,98524,55],{"class":54},[44,98526,59],{"class":58},[44,98528,63],{"class":62},[44,98530,66],{"class":58},[44,98532,69],{"class":62},[44,98534,66],{"class":58},[44,98536,74],{"class":62},[44,98538,82],{"class":58},[44,98540,98541],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98542,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98546,112],{"class":50},[44,98548,55],{"class":54},[44,98550,975],{"class":50},[44,98552,120],{"class":58},[44,98554,12000],{"class":123},[44,98556,571],{"class":58},[44,98558,98559],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98560,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,98564,140],{"class":139},[44,98566,127],{"class":58},[44,98568,145],{"class":123},[44,98570,133],{"class":58},[44,98572,98573,98575,98577,98579],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,98574,140],{"class":139},[44,98576,127],{"class":58},[44,98578,4268],{"class":123},[44,98580,133],{"class":58},[20,98582,150],{},[35,98584,98586],{"className":37,"code":98585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,98587,98588,98592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98589,98590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98591,12424],{"class":4471},[44,98593,98594,98596],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98595,568],{"class":548},[44,98597,571],{"class":58},[20,98599,98600],{},"Do not do this:",[35,98602,98604],{"className":37,"code":98603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98605,98606,98626,98640,98644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98607,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98609,884],{"class":50},[44,98611,55],{"class":54},[44,98613,59],{"class":58},[44,98615,63],{"class":62},[44,98617,66],{"class":58},[44,98619,69],{"class":62},[44,98621,66],{"class":58},[44,98623,74],{"class":62},[44,98625,82],{"class":58},[44,98627,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98629,884],{"class":50},[44,98631,55],{"class":54},[44,98633,975],{"class":50},[44,98635,120],{"class":58},[44,98637,12000],{"class":123},[44,98639,571],{"class":58},[44,98641,98642],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98643,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98645,98646,98648,98650,98652],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98647,140],{"class":139},[44,98649,127],{"class":58},[44,98651,4268],{"class":123},[44,98653,133],{"class":58},[20,98655,150],{},[35,98657,98658],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98659,98660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98661,98662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98663,12424],{"class":4471},[20,98665,22807,98666,3025,98668,98670,98671,98673,98674,120],{},[15,98667,55186],{},[15,98669,4398],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98672,4398],{}," back to ",[15,98675,4268],{},[30,98677,1580],{"id":1579},[20,98679,11366,98680,120],{},[15,98681,98018],{},[1044,98683,13211,98685],{"id":98684},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98686,11939],{},[20,98688,17262],{},[35,98690,98692],{"className":37,"code":98691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98693,98694,98714,98728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98695,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98697,16247],{"class":50},[44,98699,55],{"class":54},[44,98701,59],{"class":58},[44,98703,63],{"class":62},[44,98705,66],{"class":58},[44,98707,69],{"class":62},[44,98709,66],{"class":58},[44,98711,74],{"class":62},[44,98713,82],{"class":58},[44,98715,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724,98726],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98717,16247],{"class":50},[44,98719,55],{"class":54},[44,98721,97542],{"class":50},[44,98723,120],{"class":58},[44,98725,12000],{"class":123},[44,98727,571],{"class":58},[44,98729,98730,98732,98734,98736],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98731,140],{"class":139},[44,98733,127],{"class":58},[44,98735,16284],{"class":123},[44,98737,133],{"class":58},[20,98739,150],{},[35,98741,98742],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98743,98744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98745,98746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98747,12424],{"class":4471},[20,98749,17274],{},[35,98751,98753],{"className":37,"code":98752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98754,98755,98775,98785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98756,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98758,16247],{"class":50},[44,98760,55],{"class":54},[44,98762,59],{"class":58},[44,98764,63],{"class":62},[44,98766,66],{"class":58},[44,98768,69],{"class":62},[44,98770,66],{"class":58},[44,98772,74],{"class":62},[44,98774,82],{"class":58},[44,98776,98777,98779,98781,98783],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98778,16284],{"class":50},[44,98780,120],{"class":58},[44,98782,12000],{"class":123},[44,98784,571],{"class":58},[44,98786,98787,98789,98791,98793],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98788,140],{"class":139},[44,98790,127],{"class":58},[44,98792,16284],{"class":123},[44,98794,133],{"class":58},[20,98796,150],{},[35,98798,98799],{"className":37,"code":98076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98800,98801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98802,98803,98805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98804,568],{"class":548},[44,98806,571],{"class":58},[1044,98808,9075,98810,98812],{"id":98809},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98811,11939],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98814,98815,98817,98818,98820],{},[15,98816,11939],{}," removes ",[197,98819,4335],{}," items from the set.",[20,98822,98823,98824,428,98829,120],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[176,98825,98827],{"href":98826},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98828,56154],{},[176,98830,98832],{"href":98831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98833,13379],{},[1044,98835,863,98837,98839],{"id":98836},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98838,603],{}," for an empty set",[20,98841,26309],{},[35,98843,98845],{"className":37,"code":98844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98846,98847,98856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98848,98849,98852,98854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98850,98851],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,98853,55],{"class":54},[44,98855,10458],{"class":58},[44,98857,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98869],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98859,140],{"class":139},[44,98861,127],{"class":58},[44,98863,549],{"class":548},[44,98865,127],{"class":58},[44,98867,98868],{"class":123},"empty_value",[44,98870,556],{"class":58},[20,98872,150],{},[35,98874,98875],{"className":37,"code":9430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98876,98877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98880,576],{"class":54},[44,98882,580],{"class":579},[44,98884,584],{"class":583},[44,98886,9443],{"class":587},[44,98888,590],{"class":583},[44,98890,593],{"class":54},[20,98892,98893,9410],{},[15,98894,603],{},[20,98896,98897],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,98899,98901],{"className":37,"code":98900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98902,98903,98914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98904,98905,98908,98910,98912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98906,98907],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,98909,55],{"class":54},[44,98911,2050],{"class":548},[44,98913,571],{"class":58},[44,98915,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98927],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98917,140],{"class":139},[44,98919,127],{"class":58},[44,98921,549],{"class":548},[44,98923,127],{"class":58},[44,98925,98926],{"class":123},"empty_set",[44,98928,556],{"class":58},[20,98930,150],{},[35,98932,98933],{"className":37,"code":9474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98934,98935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98936,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98938,576],{"class":54},[44,98940,580],{"class":579},[44,98942,584],{"class":583},[44,98944,568],{"class":587},[44,98946,590],{"class":583},[44,98948,593],{"class":54},[1044,98950,98952],{"id":98951},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,98954,98956],{"className":37,"code":98955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98957,98958,98982,98990,98994,99004,99008,99018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98961,51],{"class":50},[44,98963,55],{"class":54},[44,98965,59],{"class":58},[44,98967,633],{"class":583},[44,98969,2801],{"class":587},[44,98971,633],{"class":583},[44,98973,66],{"class":58},[44,98975,643],{"class":583},[44,98977,12361],{"class":587},[44,98979,633],{"class":583},[44,98981,82],{"class":58},[44,98983,98984,98986,98988],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,98985,88],{"class":50},[44,98987,55],{"class":54},[44,98989,36797],{"class":50},[44,98991,98992],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,98993,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,98995,98996,98998,99000,99002],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,98997,176],{"class":50},[44,98999,120],{"class":58},[44,99001,12000],{"class":123},[44,99003,571],{"class":58},[44,99005,99006],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,99007,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,99009,99010,99012,99014,99016],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,99011,140],{"class":139},[44,99013,127],{"class":58},[44,99015,176],{"class":123},[44,99017,133],{"class":58},[44,99019,99020,99022,99024,99026],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,99021,140],{"class":139},[44,99023,127],{"class":58},[44,99025,130],{"class":123},[44,99027,133],{"class":58},[20,99029,150],{},[35,99031,99032],{"className":37,"code":98349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99033,99034,99040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99035,99036,99038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99037,568],{"class":548},[44,99039,571],{"class":58},[44,99041,99042,99044],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99043,568],{"class":548},[44,99045,571],{"class":58},[20,99047,29680,99048,2495,99050,99052],{},[15,99049,176],{},[15,99051,130],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,99054,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,99056,5760,99058,5763],{"id":99057},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,99059,98018],{},[20,99061,5766,99062,99064],{},[15,99063,4398],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1044,99066,2482,99068,99070],{"id":99067},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,99069,11939],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,99072,99073],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1044,99075,99077],{"id":99076},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,99079,99080,99081,99083,99084,120],{},"You already have one after ",[15,99082,11939],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,99085,599],{},[1044,99087,2492,99089,2495,99091,1447],{"id":99088},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,99090,11939],{},[15,99092,599],{},[20,99094,99095,99097,99098,99100],{},[15,99096,11939],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,99099,599],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,99102,2528],{"id":2527},[205,99104,99105,99109,99113,99120,99126,99132],{},[208,99106,99107],{},[176,99108,228],{"href":227},[208,99110,99111],{},[176,99112,97956],{"href":98500},[208,99114,99115],{},[176,99116,2540,99118,2544],{"href":99117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,99119,96826],{},[208,99121,99122],{},[176,99123,2540,99124,2544],{"href":98826},[15,99125,56154],{},[208,99127,99128],{},[176,99129,2540,99130,2544],{"href":98831},[15,99131,13379],{},[208,99133,99134],{},[176,99135,2540,99137,2544],{"href":99136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99138,15572],{},[2554,99140,99141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":99143},[99144,99146,99147,99148,99155,99156,99165,99174],{"id":98092,"depth":85,"text":99145},"What set.clear() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":98255,"depth":85,"text":99149,"children":99150},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99151,99153],{"id":98268,"depth":109,"text":99152},"Using clear()",{"id":98372,"depth":109,"text":99154},"Using set()",{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":99157},[99158,99160,99162,99164],{"id":98684,"depth":109,"text":99159},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98809,"depth":109,"text":99161},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98836,"depth":109,"text":99163},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98951,"depth":109,"text":98952},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":99166},[99167,99169,99171,99172],{"id":99057,"depth":109,"text":99168},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99067,"depth":109,"text":99170},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99076,"depth":109,"text":99077},{"id":99088,"depth":109,"text":99173},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":98006,"description":99175},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99182,"title":99183,"body":99184,"description":101015,"extension":2593,"meta":101016,"navigation":364,"path":96951,"seo":101017,"stem":101018,"__hash__":101019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99185,"toc":100972},[99186,99189,99192,99195,99197,99300,99304,99351,99357,99359,99378,99382,99385,99387,99401,99410,99414,99417,99452,99456,99476,99479,99483,99486,99547,99551,99576,99583,99589,99594,99596,99608,99612,99661,99665,99689,99696,99700,99741,99745,99766,99770,99803,99807,99848,99851,99855,99860,99899,99903,99927,99932,99938,99975,99979,100002,100006,100008,100011,100014,100091,100095,100132,100135,100139,100145,100148,100158,100207,100213,100219,100246,100249,100271,100273,100304,100307,100311,100315,100354,100358,100421,100424,100457,100461,100486,100488,100491,100497,100500,100527,100530,100548,100552,100556,100559,100602,100605,100609,100612,100615,100645,100648,100652,100655,100670,100675,100679,100682,100771,100773,100776,100866,100869,100887,100889,100893,100903,100907,100915,100919,100922,100926,100929,100933,100936,100938,100966,100969],[10,99187,99183],{"id":99188},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99190,99191],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99193,99194],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,99196,33],{"id":32},[35,99198,99200],{"className":37,"code":99199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99201,99202,99222,99256,99266,99270,99280,99290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99203,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99205,884],{"class":50},[44,99207,55],{"class":54},[44,99209,59],{"class":58},[44,99211,63],{"class":62},[44,99213,66],{"class":58},[44,99215,69],{"class":62},[44,99217,66],{"class":58},[44,99219,74],{"class":62},[44,99221,82],{"class":58},[44,99223,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99225,4692],{"class":50},[44,99227,55],{"class":54},[44,99229,2050],{"class":548},[44,99231,3609],{"class":58},[44,99233,633],{"class":583},[44,99235,636],{"class":587},[44,99237,633],{"class":583},[44,99239,66],{"class":58},[44,99241,643],{"class":583},[44,99243,646],{"class":587},[44,99245,633],{"class":583},[44,99247,66],{"class":58},[44,99249,643],{"class":583},[44,99251,636],{"class":587},[44,99253,633],{"class":583},[44,99255,4509],{"class":58},[44,99257,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,99259,98907],{"class":50},[44,99261,55],{"class":54},[44,99263,2050],{"class":548},[44,99265,571],{"class":58},[44,99267,99268],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,99269,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,99271,99272,99274,99276,99278],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,99273,140],{"class":139},[44,99275,127],{"class":58},[44,99277,4268],{"class":123},[44,99279,133],{"class":58},[44,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,99283,140],{"class":139},[44,99285,127],{"class":58},[44,99287,4734],{"class":123},[44,99289,133],{"class":58},[44,99291,99292,99294,99296,99298],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,99293,140],{"class":139},[44,99295,127],{"class":58},[44,99297,98926],{"class":123},[44,99299,133],{"class":58},[20,99301,99302],{},[197,99303,150],{},[35,99305,99307],{"className":37,"code":99306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99308,99309,99325,99345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99310,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99312,160],{"class":58},[44,99314,63],{"class":62},[44,99316,66],{"class":58},[44,99318,69],{"class":62},[44,99320,66],{"class":58},[44,99322,74],{"class":62},[44,99324,82],{"class":58},[44,99326,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99328,160],{"class":58},[44,99330,590],{"class":583},[44,99332,646],{"class":587},[44,99334,590],{"class":583},[44,99336,66],{"class":58},[44,99338,584],{"class":583},[44,99340,636],{"class":587},[44,99342,590],{"class":583},[44,99344,82],{"class":58},[44,99346,99347,99349],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,99348,568],{"class":548},[44,99350,571],{"class":58},[20,99352,99353,99354,99356],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99355,599],{}," for an empty set.",[30,99358,15781],{"id":15780},[205,99360,99361,99364,99369,99372,99375],{},[208,99362,99363],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[208,99365,99366,99367],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99368,599],{},[208,99370,99371],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[208,99373,99374],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[208,99376,99377],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,99379,99381],{"id":99380},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99383,99384],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99386,31159],{},[205,99388,99389,99392,99395,99398],{},[208,99390,99391],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[208,99393,99394],{},"Sets are unordered",[208,99396,99397],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[208,99399,99400],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99402,99403,99404,428,99406,120],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[176,99405,228],{"href":227},[176,99407,99409],{"href":99408},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,99411,99413],{"id":99412},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99415,99416],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,99418,99420],{"className":37,"code":99419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99421,99422,99442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99425,884],{"class":50},[44,99427,55],{"class":54},[44,99429,59],{"class":58},[44,99431,63],{"class":62},[44,99433,66],{"class":58},[44,99435,69],{"class":62},[44,99437,66],{"class":58},[44,99439,74],{"class":62},[44,99441,82],{"class":58},[44,99443,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99445,140],{"class":139},[44,99447,127],{"class":58},[44,99449,4268],{"class":123},[44,99451,133],{"class":58},[20,99453,99454],{},[197,99455,756],{},[35,99457,99458],{"className":37,"code":1668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99459,99460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99461,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99463,160],{"class":58},[44,99465,63],{"class":62},[44,99467,66],{"class":58},[44,99469,69],{"class":62},[44,99471,66],{"class":58},[44,99473,74],{"class":62},[44,99475,82],{"class":58},[20,99477,99478],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1044,99480,99482],{"id":99481},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99484,99485],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,99487,99489],{"className":37,"code":99488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99490,99491,99523,99533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99492,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99494,884],{"class":50},[44,99496,55],{"class":54},[44,99498,59],{"class":58},[44,99500,63],{"class":62},[44,99502,66],{"class":58},[44,99504,69],{"class":62},[44,99506,66],{"class":58},[44,99508,69],{"class":62},[44,99510,66],{"class":58},[44,99512,74],{"class":62},[44,99514,66],{"class":58},[44,99516,74],{"class":62},[44,99518,66],{"class":58},[44,99520,74],{"class":62},[44,99522,82],{"class":58},[44,99524,99525,99527,99529,99531],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99526,140],{"class":139},[44,99528,127],{"class":58},[44,99530,4268],{"class":123},[44,99532,133],{"class":58},[44,99534,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,99536,140],{"class":139},[44,99538,127],{"class":58},[44,99540,2441],{"class":139},[44,99542,127],{"class":58},[44,99544,4268],{"class":123},[44,99546,556],{"class":58},[20,99548,99549],{},[197,99550,756],{},[35,99552,99554],{"className":37,"code":99553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99555,99556,99572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99557,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99559,160],{"class":58},[44,99561,63],{"class":62},[44,99563,66],{"class":58},[44,99565,69],{"class":62},[44,99567,66],{"class":58},[44,99569,74],{"class":62},[44,99571,82],{"class":58},[44,99573,99574],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99575,47240],{"class":62},[20,99577,21596,99578,2495,99580,99582],{},[15,99579,339],{},[15,99581,95],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,99584,99586,99587],{"id":99585},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99588,599],{},[20,99590,1296,99591,99593],{},[15,99592,599],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99595,6075],{},[205,99597,99598,99600,99602,99604],{},[208,99599,97705],{},[208,99601,97003],{},[208,99603,57090],{},[208,99605,99606],{},[15,99607,36820],{},[1044,99609,99611],{"id":99610},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,99613,99615],{"className":37,"code":99614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99616,99617,99651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99618,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99620,884],{"class":50},[44,99622,55],{"class":54},[44,99624,2050],{"class":548},[44,99626,3609],{"class":58},[44,99628,63],{"class":62},[44,99630,66],{"class":58},[44,99632,69],{"class":62},[44,99634,66],{"class":58},[44,99636,69],{"class":62},[44,99638,66],{"class":58},[44,99640,74],{"class":62},[44,99642,66],{"class":58},[44,99644,74],{"class":62},[44,99646,66],{"class":58},[44,99648,79],{"class":62},[44,99650,4509],{"class":58},[44,99652,99653,99655,99657,99659],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99654,140],{"class":139},[44,99656,127],{"class":58},[44,99658,4268],{"class":123},[44,99660,133],{"class":58},[20,99662,99663],{},[197,99664,756],{},[35,99666,99667],{"className":37,"code":96893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99668,99669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99670,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99672,160],{"class":58},[44,99674,63],{"class":62},[44,99676,66],{"class":58},[44,99678,69],{"class":62},[44,99680,66],{"class":58},[44,99682,74],{"class":62},[44,99684,66],{"class":58},[44,99686,79],{"class":62},[44,99688,82],{"class":58},[20,99690,99691,99692,120],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[176,99693,99695],{"href":99694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1044,99697,99699],{"id":99698},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,99701,99703],{"className":37,"code":99702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99704,99705,99731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99706,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99708,4441],{"class":50},[44,99710,55],{"class":54},[44,99712,2050],{"class":548},[44,99714,6128],{"class":58},[44,99716,2958],{"class":62},[44,99718,66],{"class":58},[44,99720,8410],{"class":62},[44,99722,66],{"class":58},[44,99724,8410],{"class":62},[44,99726,66],{"class":58},[44,99728,8415],{"class":62},[44,99730,556],{"class":58},[44,99732,99733,99735,99737,99739],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99734,140],{"class":139},[44,99736,127],{"class":58},[44,99738,5976],{"class":123},[44,99740,133],{"class":58},[20,99742,99743],{},[197,99744,756],{},[35,99746,99748],{"className":37,"code":99747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99749,99750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99751,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99753,160],{"class":58},[44,99755,2958],{"class":62},[44,99757,66],{"class":58},[44,99759,8410],{"class":62},[44,99761,66],{"class":58},[44,99763,8415],{"class":62},[44,99765,82],{"class":58},[1044,99767,99769],{"id":99768},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,99771,99773],{"className":37,"code":99772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99774,99775,99793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99776,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99778,36712],{"class":50},[44,99780,55],{"class":54},[44,99782,2050],{"class":548},[44,99784,127],{"class":58},[44,99786,633],{"class":583},[44,99788,4464],{"class":587},[44,99790,633],{"class":583},[44,99792,133],{"class":58},[44,99794,99795,99797,99799,99801],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99796,140],{"class":139},[44,99798,127],{"class":58},[44,99800,36765],{"class":123},[44,99802,133],{"class":58},[20,99804,99805],{},[197,99806,756],{},[35,99808,99810],{"className":37,"code":99809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99811,99812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99813,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99815,160],{"class":58},[44,99817,590],{"class":583},[44,99819,61061],{"class":587},[44,99821,590],{"class":583},[44,99823,66],{"class":58},[44,99825,584],{"class":583},[44,99827,61070],{"class":587},[44,99829,590],{"class":583},[44,99831,66],{"class":58},[44,99833,584],{"class":583},[44,99835,61079],{"class":587},[44,99837,590],{"class":583},[44,99839,66],{"class":58},[44,99841,584],{"class":583},[44,99843,61096],{"class":587},[44,99845,590],{"class":583},[44,99847,82],{"class":58},[20,99849,99850],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,99852,99854],{"id":99853},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99856,99857,99858,120],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99859,599],{},[35,99861,99863],{"className":37,"code":99862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99864,99865,99875,99885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99866,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99868,98907],{"class":50},[44,99870,55],{"class":54},[44,99872,2050],{"class":548},[44,99874,571],{"class":58},[44,99876,99877,99879,99881,99883],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99878,140],{"class":139},[44,99880,127],{"class":58},[44,99882,98926],{"class":123},[44,99884,133],{"class":58},[44,99886,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,99888,140],{"class":139},[44,99890,127],{"class":58},[44,99892,549],{"class":548},[44,99894,127],{"class":58},[44,99896,98926],{"class":123},[44,99898,556],{"class":58},[20,99900,99901],{},[197,99902,150],{},[35,99904,99905],{"className":37,"code":561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99906,99907,99913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99908,99909,99911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99910,568],{"class":548},[44,99912,571],{"class":58},[44,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99916,576],{"class":54},[44,99918,580],{"class":579},[44,99920,584],{"class":583},[44,99922,568],{"class":587},[44,99924,590],{"class":583},[44,99926,593],{"class":54},[1044,99928,45052,99930],{"id":99929},"do-not-use",[15,99931,603],{},[20,99933,99934,99935,99937],{},"Empty braces do ",[197,99936,199],{}," create a set.",[35,99939,99941],{"className":37,"code":99940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99942,99943,99951,99961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99944,99945,99947,99949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99946,98851],{"class":50},[44,99948,55],{"class":54},[44,99950,10458],{"class":58},[44,99952,99953,99955,99957,99959],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99954,140],{"class":139},[44,99956,127],{"class":58},[44,99958,98868],{"class":123},[44,99960,133],{"class":58},[44,99962,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,99964,140],{"class":139},[44,99966,127],{"class":58},[44,99968,549],{"class":548},[44,99970,127],{"class":58},[44,99972,98868],{"class":123},[44,99974,556],{"class":58},[20,99976,99977],{},[197,99978,150],{},[35,99980,99982],{"className":37,"code":99981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99983,99984,99988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99985,99986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99987,10056],{"class":58},[44,99989,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,99991,576],{"class":54},[44,99993,580],{"class":579},[44,99995,584],{"class":583},[44,99997,9443],{"class":587},[44,99999,590],{"class":583},[44,100001,593],{"class":54},[20,100003,100004,9410],{},[15,100005,603],{},[30,100007,72893],{"id":72892},[20,100009,100010],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,100012,100013],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,100015,100017],{"className":37,"code":100016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,100018,100019,100067,100077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100020,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100022,4692],{"class":50},[44,100024,55],{"class":54},[44,100026,59],{"class":58},[44,100028,633],{"class":583},[44,100030,636],{"class":587},[44,100032,633],{"class":583},[44,100034,66],{"class":58},[44,100036,643],{"class":583},[44,100038,646],{"class":587},[44,100040,633],{"class":583},[44,100042,66],{"class":58},[44,100044,643],{"class":583},[44,100046,636],{"class":587},[44,100048,633],{"class":583},[44,100050,66],{"class":58},[44,100052,643],{"class":583},[44,100054,636],{"class":587},[44,100056,633],{"class":583},[44,100058,66],{"class":58},[44,100060,643],{"class":583},[44,100062,655],{"class":587},[44,100064,633],{"class":583},[44,100066,82],{"class":58},[44,100068,100069,100071,100073,100075],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100070,140],{"class":139},[44,100072,127],{"class":58},[44,100074,4734],{"class":123},[44,100076,133],{"class":58},[44,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,100080,140],{"class":139},[44,100082,127],{"class":58},[44,100084,2441],{"class":139},[44,100086,127],{"class":58},[44,100088,4734],{"class":123},[44,100090,556],{"class":58},[20,100092,100093],{},[197,100094,756],{},[35,100096,100098],{"className":37,"code":100097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,100099,100100,100128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100101,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100103,160],{"class":58},[44,100105,590],{"class":583},[44,100107,646],{"class":587},[44,100109,590],{"class":583},[44,100111,66],{"class":58},[44,100113,584],{"class":583},[44,100115,655],{"class":587},[44,100117,590],{"class":583},[44,100119,66],{"class":58},[44,100121,584],{"class":583},[44,100123,636],{"class":587},[44,100125,590],{"class":583},[44,100127,82],{"class":58},[44,100129,100130],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100131,47240],{"class":62},[20,100133,100134],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,100136,100138],{"id":100137},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100140,100141,100142,100144],{},"Set items must be ",[197,100143,96991],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100146,100147],{},"These usually work:",[205,100149,100150,100152,100154,100156],{},[208,100151,57087],{},[208,100153,57090],{},[208,100155,97003],{},[208,100157,41218],{},[35,100159,100161],{"className":37,"code":100160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100162,100163,100197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100166,4441],{"class":50},[44,100168,55],{"class":54},[44,100170,59],{"class":58},[44,100172,63],{"class":62},[44,100174,66],{"class":58},[44,100176,643],{"class":583},[44,100178,636],{"class":587},[44,100180,633],{"class":583},[44,100182,66],{"class":58},[44,100184,9859],{"class":58},[44,100186,2958],{"class":62},[44,100188,66],{"class":58},[44,100190,8410],{"class":62},[44,100192,9856],{"class":58},[44,100194,4537],{"class":4471},[44,100196,82],{"class":58},[44,100198,100199,100201,100203,100205],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100200,140],{"class":139},[44,100202,127],{"class":58},[44,100204,5976],{"class":123},[44,100206,133],{"class":58},[20,100208,100209,100210,100212],{},"These do ",[197,100211,199],{}," work directly:",[205,100214,100215,100217],{},[208,100216,97705],{},[208,100218,97708],{},[35,100220,100222],{"className":37,"code":100221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100223,100224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100225,100226,100229,100231,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100227,100228],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,100230,55],{"class":54},[44,100232,100233],{"class":58}," {[",[44,100235,63],{"class":62},[44,100237,66],{"class":58},[44,100239,69],{"class":62},[44,100241,66],{"class":58},[44,100243,74],{"class":62},[44,100245,14323],{"class":58},[20,100247,100248],{},"This raises an error:",[35,100250,100251],{"className":37,"code":97764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100252,100253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100254,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100256,3628],{"class":548},[44,100258,1598],{"class":58},[44,100260,97775],{"class":50},[44,100262,549],{"class":548},[44,100264,1598],{"class":58},[44,100266,584],{"class":583},[44,100268,8715],{"class":587},[44,100270,30319],{"class":583},[20,100272,52705],{},[35,100274,100276],{"className":37,"code":100275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100277,100278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100279,100280,100282,100284,100287,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100281,100228],{"class":50},[44,100283,55],{"class":54},[44,100285,100286],{"class":58}," {{",[44,100288,633],{"class":583},[44,100290,8287],{"class":587},[44,100292,633],{"class":583},[44,100294,1598],{"class":58},[44,100296,643],{"class":583},[44,100298,8296],{"class":587},[44,100300,633],{"class":583},[44,100302,100303],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,100305,100306],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,100308,100310],{"id":100309},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1044,100312,100314],{"id":100313},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,100316,100318],{"className":37,"code":100317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100319,100320,100344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100321,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100323,884],{"class":50},[44,100325,55],{"class":54},[44,100327,59],{"class":58},[44,100329,63],{"class":62},[44,100331,66],{"class":58},[44,100333,69],{"class":62},[44,100335,66],{"class":58},[44,100337,74],{"class":62},[44,100339,66],{"class":58},[44,100341,79],{"class":62},[44,100343,82],{"class":58},[44,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100347,140],{"class":139},[44,100349,127],{"class":58},[44,100351,4268],{"class":123},[44,100353,133],{"class":58},[1044,100355,100357],{"id":100356},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,100359,100361],{"className":37,"code":100360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100362,100363,100391,100406,100410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100364,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100366,8399],{"class":50},[44,100368,55],{"class":54},[44,100370,1954],{"class":58},[44,100372,63],{"class":62},[44,100374,66],{"class":58},[44,100376,2212],{"class":62},[44,100378,66],{"class":58},[44,100380,69],{"class":62},[44,100382,66],{"class":58},[44,100384,74],{"class":62},[44,100386,66],{"class":58},[44,100388,74],{"class":62},[44,100390,1967],{"class":58},[44,100392,100393,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100394,100395],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,100397,55],{"class":54},[44,100399,2050],{"class":548},[44,100401,127],{"class":58},[44,100403,8430],{"class":123},[44,100405,133],{"class":58},[44,100407,100408],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,100409,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,100411,100412,100414,100416,100419],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,100413,140],{"class":139},[44,100415,127],{"class":58},[44,100417,100418],{"class":123},"unique_items",[44,100420,133],{"class":58},[1044,100422,99769],{"id":100423},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,100425,100427],{"className":37,"code":100426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100428,100429,100447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100432,36712],{"class":50},[44,100434,55],{"class":54},[44,100436,2050],{"class":548},[44,100438,127],{"class":58},[44,100440,633],{"class":583},[44,100442,646],{"class":587},[44,100444,633],{"class":583},[44,100446,133],{"class":58},[44,100448,100449,100451,100453,100455],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100450,140],{"class":139},[44,100452,127],{"class":58},[44,100454,36765],{"class":123},[44,100456,133],{"class":58},[1044,100458,100460],{"id":100459},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,100462,100464],{"className":37,"code":100463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100465,100466,100476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100469,98907],{"class":50},[44,100471,55],{"class":54},[44,100473,2050],{"class":548},[44,100475,571],{"class":58},[44,100477,100478,100480,100482,100484],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100479,140],{"class":139},[44,100481,127],{"class":58},[44,100483,98926],{"class":123},[44,100485,133],{"class":58},[30,100487,3454],{"id":3453},[20,100489,100490],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1044,100492,863,100494,100496],{"id":100493},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100495,603],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100498,100499],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,100501,100503],{"className":37,"code":100502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100504,100505,100513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100506,100507,100509,100511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100508,3075],{"class":50},[44,100510,55],{"class":54},[44,100512,10458],{"class":58},[44,100514,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100516,140],{"class":139},[44,100518,127],{"class":58},[44,100520,549],{"class":548},[44,100522,127],{"class":58},[44,100524,3100],{"class":123},[44,100526,556],{"class":58},[20,100528,100529],{},"This prints:",[35,100531,100532],{"className":37,"code":9430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100533,100534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100535,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100537,576],{"class":54},[44,100539,580],{"class":579},[44,100541,584],{"class":583},[44,100543,9443],{"class":587},[44,100545,590],{"class":583},[44,100547,593],{"class":54},[20,100549,1296,100550,7248],{},[15,100551,599],{},[1044,100553,100555],{"id":100554},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100557,100558],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,100560,100562],{"className":37,"code":100561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100563,100564,100592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100565,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100567,884],{"class":50},[44,100569,55],{"class":54},[44,100571,59],{"class":58},[44,100573,63],{"class":62},[44,100575,66],{"class":58},[44,100577,2212],{"class":62},[44,100579,66],{"class":58},[44,100581,69],{"class":62},[44,100583,66],{"class":58},[44,100585,69],{"class":62},[44,100587,66],{"class":58},[44,100589,74],{"class":62},[44,100591,82],{"class":58},[44,100593,100594,100596,100598,100600],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100595,140],{"class":139},[44,100597,127],{"class":58},[44,100599,4268],{"class":123},[44,100601,133],{"class":58},[20,100603,100604],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1044,100606,100608],{"id":100607},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100610,100611],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100613,100614],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,100616,100618],{"className":37,"code":100617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100619,100620,100640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100621,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100623,884],{"class":50},[44,100625,55],{"class":54},[44,100627,59],{"class":58},[44,100629,2958],{"class":62},[44,100631,66],{"class":58},[44,100633,8410],{"class":62},[44,100635,66],{"class":58},[44,100637,8415],{"class":62},[44,100639,82],{"class":58},[44,100641,100642],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100643,100644],{"class":1992},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100646,100647],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1044,100649,100651],{"id":100650},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100653,100654],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,100656,100658],{"className":37,"code":100657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100659,100660,100665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100661,100662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100663,100664],{"class":1992},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,100666,100667],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100668,100669],{"class":1992},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100671,100672,100673,120],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100674,3628],{},[1044,100676,100678],{"id":100677},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100680,100681],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,100683,100685],{"className":37,"code":100684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100686,100687,100707,100739,100743,100757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100688,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100690,16247],{"class":50},[44,100692,55],{"class":54},[44,100694,59],{"class":58},[44,100696,63],{"class":62},[44,100698,66],{"class":58},[44,100700,69],{"class":62},[44,100702,66],{"class":58},[44,100704,74],{"class":62},[44,100706,82],{"class":58},[44,100708,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100710,12340],{"class":50},[44,100712,55],{"class":54},[44,100714,59],{"class":58},[44,100716,633],{"class":583},[44,100718,176],{"class":587},[44,100720,633],{"class":583},[44,100722,1598],{"class":58},[44,100724,2212],{"class":62},[44,100726,66],{"class":58},[44,100728,643],{"class":583},[44,100730,130],{"class":587},[44,100732,633],{"class":583},[44,100734,1598],{"class":58},[44,100736,69],{"class":62},[44,100738,82],{"class":58},[44,100740,100741],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,100742,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,100746,140],{"class":139},[44,100748,127],{"class":58},[44,100750,549],{"class":548},[44,100752,127],{"class":58},[44,100754,16284],{"class":123},[44,100756,556],{"class":58},[44,100758,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,100760,140],{"class":139},[44,100762,127],{"class":58},[44,100764,549],{"class":548},[44,100766,127],{"class":58},[44,100768,12067],{"class":123},[44,100770,556],{"class":58},[30,100772,93408],{"id":93407},[20,100774,100775],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,100777,100779],{"className":37,"code":100778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100780,100781,100807,100811,100825,100835,100849,100856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100784,16247],{"class":50},[44,100786,55],{"class":54},[44,100788,2050],{"class":548},[44,100790,3609],{"class":58},[44,100792,63],{"class":62},[44,100794,66],{"class":58},[44,100796,69],{"class":62},[44,100798,66],{"class":58},[44,100800,69],{"class":62},[44,100802,66],{"class":58},[44,100804,74],{"class":62},[44,100806,4509],{"class":58},[44,100808,100809],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,100810,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,100812,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,100814,140],{"class":139},[44,100816,127],{"class":58},[44,100818,549],{"class":548},[44,100820,127],{"class":58},[44,100822,16284],{"class":123},[44,100824,556],{"class":58},[44,100826,100827,100829,100831,100833],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,100828,140],{"class":139},[44,100830,127],{"class":58},[44,100832,16284],{"class":123},[44,100834,133],{"class":58},[44,100836,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,100838,140],{"class":139},[44,100840,127],{"class":58},[44,100842,2441],{"class":139},[44,100844,127],{"class":58},[44,100846,16284],{"class":123},[44,100848,556],{"class":58},[44,100850,100851,100853],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,100852,140],{"class":139},[44,100854,100855],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,100857,100858,100860,100862,100864],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,100859,140],{"class":139},[44,100861,127],{"class":58},[44,100863,568],{"class":548},[44,100865,7812],{"class":58},[20,100867,100868],{},"Use these to confirm:",[205,100870,100871,100874,100877,100880],{},[208,100872,100873],{},"The object type",[208,100875,100876],{},"The actual values stored",[208,100878,100879],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[208,100881,100882,100883,2495,100885],{},"The difference between ",[15,100884,603],{},[15,100886,599],{},[30,100888,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,100890,100892],{"id":100891},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100894,100895,100896,100899,100900,100902],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100897,100898],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100901,599],{}," with another iterable.",[1044,100904,100906],{"id":100905},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100908,1296,100909,100911,100912,100914],{},[15,100910,599],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100913,603],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1044,100916,100918],{"id":100917},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100920,100921],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1044,100923,100925],{"id":100924},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100927,100928],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1044,100930,100932],{"id":100931},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100934,100935],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,100937,2528],{"id":2527},[205,100939,100940,100944,100950,100956,100961],{},[208,100941,100942],{},[176,100943,228],{"href":227},[208,100945,100946],{},[176,100947,4197,100948,2544],{"href":99117},[15,100949,96831],{},[208,100951,100952],{},[176,100953,4197,100954,2544],{"href":99136},[15,100955,97932],{},[208,100957,100958],{},[176,100959,100960],{"href":99694},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[208,100962,100963],{},[176,100964,100965],{"href":99408},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100967,100968],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2554,100970,100971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":100973},[100974,100975,100976,100977,100980,100986,100990,100991,100992,100998,101006,101007,101014],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":99380,"depth":85,"text":99381},{"id":99412,"depth":85,"text":99413,"children":100978},[100979],{"id":99481,"depth":109,"text":99482},{"id":99585,"depth":85,"text":100981,"children":100982},"Create a set with set()",[100983,100984,100985],{"id":99610,"depth":109,"text":99611},{"id":99698,"depth":109,"text":99699},{"id":99768,"depth":109,"text":99769},{"id":99853,"depth":85,"text":99854,"children":100987},[100988],{"id":99929,"depth":109,"text":100989},"Do not use {}",{"id":72892,"depth":85,"text":72893},{"id":100137,"depth":85,"text":100138},{"id":100309,"depth":85,"text":100310,"children":100993},[100994,100995,100996,100997],{"id":100313,"depth":109,"text":100314},{"id":100356,"depth":109,"text":100357},{"id":100423,"depth":109,"text":99769},{"id":100459,"depth":109,"text":100460},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":100999},[101000,101002,101003,101004,101005],{"id":100493,"depth":109,"text":101001},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100554,"depth":109,"text":100555},{"id":100607,"depth":109,"text":100608},{"id":100650,"depth":109,"text":100651},{"id":100677,"depth":109,"text":100678},{"id":93407,"depth":85,"text":93408},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":101008},[101009,101010,101011,101012,101013],{"id":100891,"depth":109,"text":100892},{"id":100905,"depth":109,"text":100906},{"id":100917,"depth":109,"text":100918},{"id":100924,"depth":109,"text":100925},{"id":100931,"depth":109,"text":100932},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103297,"toc":104953},[103298,103304,103310,103323,103325,103426,103428,103473,103478,103483,103487,103501,103504,103512,103514,103533,103551,103555,103608,103610,103631,103638,103643,103670,103677,103776,103778,103815,103823,103827,103833,103836,103909,103911,103919,103924,103993,103995,104020,104022,104025,104128,104130,104191,104194,104198,104204,104277,104279,104312,104315,104318,104358,104364,104387,104392,104396,104407,104410,104412,104416,104422,104424,104481,104491,104493,104546,104553,104558,104626,104634,104640,104644,104646,104685,104690,104739,104743,104746,104748,104787,104790,104792,104797,104854,104856,104870,104872,104876,104882,104887,104892,104899,104910,104916,104921,104923,104950],[10,103299,13,103301,18],{"id":103300},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103302,103303],{},"discard()",[20,103305,103306,103309],{},[15,103307,103308],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103311,103312,103313,2817,103318,14671,103320,103322],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[176,103314,103315],{"href":98826},[15,103316,103317],{},"set.remove()",[15,103319,103303],{},[197,103321,199],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,103324,2634],{"id":2633},[35,103326,103328],{"className":37,"code":103327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103329,103330,103362,103381,103391,103395,103416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103331,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103333,13692],{"class":50},[44,103335,55],{"class":54},[44,103337,59],{"class":58},[44,103339,633],{"class":583},[44,103341,13709],{"class":587},[44,103343,633],{"class":583},[44,103345,66],{"class":58},[44,103347,643],{"class":583},[44,103349,13726],{"class":587},[44,103351,633],{"class":583},[44,103353,66],{"class":58},[44,103355,643],{"class":583},[44,103357,18073],{"class":587},[44,103359,633],{"class":583},[44,103361,82],{"class":58},[44,103363,103364,103366,103368,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103365,18120],{"class":50},[44,103367,120],{"class":58},[44,103369,103370],{"class":123},"discard",[44,103372,127],{"class":58},[44,103374,633],{"class":583},[44,103376,13726],{"class":587},[44,103378,633],{"class":583},[44,103380,133],{"class":58},[44,103382,103383,103385,103387,103389],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,103384,140],{"class":139},[44,103386,127],{"class":58},[44,103388,18120],{"class":123},[44,103390,133],{"class":58},[44,103392,103393],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,103394,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,103396,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,103398,18120],{"class":50},[44,103400,120],{"class":58},[44,103402,103370],{"class":123},[44,103404,127],{"class":58},[44,103406,633],{"class":583},[44,103408,23142],{"class":587},[44,103410,633],{"class":583},[44,103412,4281],{"class":58},[44,103414,103415],{"class":1992},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,103417,103418,103420,103422,103424],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,103419,140],{"class":139},[44,103421,127],{"class":58},[44,103423,18120],{"class":123},[44,103425,133],{"class":58},[20,103427,756],{},[35,103429,103431],{"className":37,"code":103430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103432,103433,103453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103436,160],{"class":58},[44,103438,590],{"class":583},[44,103440,13709],{"class":587},[44,103442,590],{"class":583},[44,103444,66],{"class":58},[44,103446,584],{"class":583},[44,103448,18073],{"class":587},[44,103450,590],{"class":583},[44,103452,82],{"class":58},[44,103454,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103456,160],{"class":58},[44,103458,590],{"class":583},[44,103460,13709],{"class":587},[44,103462,590],{"class":583},[44,103464,66],{"class":58},[44,103466,584],{"class":583},[44,103468,18073],{"class":587},[44,103470,590],{"class":583},[44,103472,82],{"class":58},[20,103474,1296,103475,103477],{},[15,103476,103303],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,103479,186,103481,189],{"id":103480},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103482,103308],{},[20,103484,103485,1598],{},[15,103486,103303],{},[205,103488,103489,103492,103495,103497],{},[208,103490,103491],{},"Removes one item from a set",[208,103493,103494],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[208,103496,96938],{},[208,103498,12041,103499],{},[15,103500,4398],{},[20,103502,103503],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103505,224,103506,428,103509,120],{},[176,103507,103508],{"href":99408},"what a set is in Python",[176,103510,103511],{"href":98500},"how to create a set",[30,103513,234],{"id":233},[35,103515,103517],{"className":37,"code":103516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103518,103519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103522,16284],{"class":50},[44,103524,120],{"class":58},[44,103526,103370],{"class":123},[44,103528,127],{"class":58},[44,103530,3100],{"class":123},[44,103532,133],{"class":58},[205,103534,103535,103540,103545,103548],{},[208,103536,103537,103539],{},[15,103538,16284],{}," is the set you want to change",[208,103541,103542,103544],{},[15,103543,3100],{}," is the item you want to remove",[208,103546,103547],{},"The set must already exist",[208,103549,103550],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1044,103552,103554],{"id":103553},"example","Example",[35,103556,103558],{"className":37,"code":103557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103559,103560,103584,103598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103561,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103563,884],{"class":50},[44,103565,55],{"class":54},[44,103567,59],{"class":58},[44,103569,63],{"class":62},[44,103571,66],{"class":58},[44,103573,69],{"class":62},[44,103575,66],{"class":58},[44,103577,74],{"class":62},[44,103579,66],{"class":58},[44,103581,79],{"class":62},[44,103583,82],{"class":58},[44,103585,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103587,4268],{"class":50},[44,103589,120],{"class":58},[44,103591,103370],{"class":123},[44,103593,127],{"class":58},[44,103595,95],{"class":62},[44,103597,133],{"class":58},[44,103599,103600,103602,103604,103606],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,103601,140],{"class":139},[44,103603,127],{"class":58},[44,103605,4268],{"class":123},[44,103607,133],{"class":58},[20,103609,150],{},[35,103611,103613],{"className":37,"code":103612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103614,103615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103616,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103618,160],{"class":58},[44,103620,63],{"class":62},[44,103622,66],{"class":58},[44,103624,69],{"class":62},[44,103626,66],{"class":58},[44,103628,79],{"class":62},[44,103630,82],{"class":58},[30,103632,103634,103635,103637],{"id":103633},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103636,103303],{}," different",[20,103639,103640,103642],{},[15,103641,103303],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[205,103644,103645,103658,103667],{},[208,103646,103647,103648,2817,103652,103654,103655,103657],{},"Unlike ",[176,103649,103650],{"href":98826},[15,103651,56154],{},[15,103653,103303],{}," does not raise ",[15,103656,20305],{}," when the item is missing",[208,103659,103647,103660,2817,103664,103666],{},[176,103661,103662],{"href":98831},[15,103663,13379],{},[15,103665,103303],{}," removes a specific item",[208,103668,103669],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1044,103671,103673,1036,103675],{"id":103672},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103674,103303],{},[15,103676,56154],{},[35,103678,103680],{"className":37,"code":103679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103681,103682,103706,103710,103731,103741,103745,103766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103685,8399],{"class":50},[44,103687,55],{"class":54},[44,103689,59],{"class":58},[44,103691,633],{"class":583},[44,103693,636],{"class":587},[44,103695,633],{"class":583},[44,103697,66],{"class":58},[44,103699,643],{"class":583},[44,103701,646],{"class":587},[44,103703,633],{"class":583},[44,103705,82],{"class":58},[44,103707,103708],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103709,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,103713,8430],{"class":50},[44,103715,120],{"class":58},[44,103717,103370],{"class":123},[44,103719,127],{"class":58},[44,103721,633],{"class":583},[44,103723,655],{"class":587},[44,103725,633],{"class":583},[44,103727,4281],{"class":58},[44,103729,103730],{"class":1992},"   # no error\n",[44,103732,103733,103735,103737,103739],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,103734,140],{"class":139},[44,103736,127],{"class":58},[44,103738,8430],{"class":123},[44,103740,133],{"class":58},[44,103742,103743],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,103744,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,103746,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,103748,8430],{"class":50},[44,103750,120],{"class":58},[44,103752,35414],{"class":123},[44,103754,127],{"class":58},[44,103756,633],{"class":583},[44,103758,646],{"class":587},[44,103760,633],{"class":583},[44,103762,4281],{"class":58},[44,103764,103765],{"class":1992},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,103767,103768,103770,103772,103774],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,103769,140],{"class":139},[44,103771,127],{"class":58},[44,103773,8430],{"class":123},[44,103775,133],{"class":58},[20,103777,150],{},[35,103779,103781],{"className":37,"code":103780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103782,103783,103803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103784,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103786,160],{"class":58},[44,103788,590],{"class":583},[44,103790,636],{"class":587},[44,103792,590],{"class":583},[44,103794,66],{"class":58},[44,103796,584],{"class":583},[44,103798,646],{"class":587},[44,103800,590],{"class":583},[44,103802,82],{"class":58},[44,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103806,160],{"class":58},[44,103808,590],{"class":583},[44,103810,636],{"class":587},[44,103812,590],{"class":583},[44,103814,82],{"class":58},[20,103816,40966,103817,103819,103820,103822],{},[15,103818,56154],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[176,103821,11694],{"href":11693}," for more help with that case.",[30,103824,103826],{"id":103825},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103828,103829,3025,103831,120],{},[15,103830,103303],{},[15,103832,4398],{},[20,103834,103835],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103837,103839],{"className":37,"code":103838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103840,103841,103873,103895,103899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103842,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103844,13692],{"class":50},[44,103846,55],{"class":54},[44,103848,59],{"class":58},[44,103850,633],{"class":583},[44,103852,13709],{"class":587},[44,103854,633],{"class":583},[44,103856,66],{"class":58},[44,103858,643],{"class":583},[44,103860,13726],{"class":587},[44,103862,633],{"class":583},[44,103864,66],{"class":58},[44,103866,643],{"class":583},[44,103868,18073],{"class":587},[44,103870,633],{"class":583},[44,103872,82],{"class":58},[44,103874,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103876,112],{"class":50},[44,103878,55],{"class":54},[44,103880,13740],{"class":50},[44,103882,120],{"class":58},[44,103884,103370],{"class":123},[44,103886,127],{"class":58},[44,103888,633],{"class":583},[44,103890,13726],{"class":587},[44,103892,633],{"class":583},[44,103894,133],{"class":58},[44,103896,103897],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,103898,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,103900,103901,103903,103905,103907],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,103902,140],{"class":139},[44,103904,127],{"class":58},[44,103906,145],{"class":123},[44,103908,133],{"class":58},[20,103910,150],{},[35,103912,103913],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103914,103915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103916,103917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103918,12424],{"class":4471},[20,103920,103921,103922,1598],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103923,18120],{},[35,103925,103927],{"className":37,"code":103926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103928,103929,103961,103979,103983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103930,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103932,13692],{"class":50},[44,103934,55],{"class":54},[44,103936,59],{"class":58},[44,103938,633],{"class":583},[44,103940,13709],{"class":587},[44,103942,633],{"class":583},[44,103944,66],{"class":58},[44,103946,643],{"class":583},[44,103948,13726],{"class":587},[44,103950,633],{"class":583},[44,103952,66],{"class":58},[44,103954,643],{"class":583},[44,103956,18073],{"class":587},[44,103958,633],{"class":583},[44,103960,82],{"class":58},[44,103962,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,103964,18120],{"class":50},[44,103966,120],{"class":58},[44,103968,103370],{"class":123},[44,103970,127],{"class":58},[44,103972,633],{"class":583},[44,103974,13726],{"class":587},[44,103976,633],{"class":583},[44,103978,133],{"class":58},[44,103980,103981],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,103982,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,103984,103985,103987,103989,103991],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,103986,140],{"class":139},[44,103988,127],{"class":58},[44,103990,18120],{"class":123},[44,103992,133],{"class":58},[20,103994,150],{},[35,103996,103998],{"className":37,"code":103997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103999,104000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104001,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104003,160],{"class":58},[44,104005,590],{"class":583},[44,104007,13709],{"class":587},[44,104009,590],{"class":583},[44,104011,66],{"class":58},[44,104013,584],{"class":583},[44,104015,18073],{"class":587},[44,104017,590],{"class":583},[44,104019,82],{"class":58},[30,104021,613],{"id":612},[20,104023,104024],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,104026,104028],{"className":37,"code":104027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104029,104030,104062,104066,104084,104088,104106,104110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104031,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104033,36861],{"class":50},[44,104035,55],{"class":54},[44,104037,59],{"class":58},[44,104039,633],{"class":583},[44,104041,636],{"class":587},[44,104043,633],{"class":583},[44,104045,66],{"class":58},[44,104047,643],{"class":583},[44,104049,646],{"class":587},[44,104051,633],{"class":583},[44,104053,66],{"class":58},[44,104055,643],{"class":583},[44,104057,655],{"class":587},[44,104059,633],{"class":583},[44,104061,82],{"class":58},[44,104063,104064],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104065,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104069,140],{"class":139},[44,104071,127],{"class":58},[44,104073,633],{"class":583},[44,104075,12180],{"class":587},[44,104077,633],{"class":583},[44,104079,66],{"class":58},[44,104081,53477],{"class":123},[44,104083,133],{"class":58},[44,104085,104086],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,104087,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104089,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,104091,36913],{"class":50},[44,104093,120],{"class":58},[44,104095,103370],{"class":123},[44,104097,127],{"class":58},[44,104099,633],{"class":583},[44,104101,646],{"class":587},[44,104103,633],{"class":583},[44,104105,133],{"class":58},[44,104107,104108],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,104109,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104111,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,104113,140],{"class":139},[44,104115,127],{"class":58},[44,104117,633],{"class":583},[44,104119,12220],{"class":587},[44,104121,633],{"class":583},[44,104123,66],{"class":58},[44,104125,53477],{"class":123},[44,104127,133],{"class":58},[20,104129,150],{},[35,104131,104133],{"className":37,"code":104132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104134,104135,104167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104138,12240],{"class":50},[44,104140,1598],{"class":58},[44,104142,59],{"class":58},[44,104144,590],{"class":583},[44,104146,646],{"class":587},[44,104148,590],{"class":583},[44,104150,66],{"class":58},[44,104152,584],{"class":583},[44,104154,636],{"class":587},[44,104156,590],{"class":583},[44,104158,66],{"class":58},[44,104160,584],{"class":583},[44,104162,655],{"class":587},[44,104164,590],{"class":583},[44,104166,82],{"class":58},[44,104168,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104170,12293],{"class":50},[44,104172,1598],{"class":58},[44,104174,59],{"class":58},[44,104176,590],{"class":583},[44,104178,636],{"class":587},[44,104180,590],{"class":583},[44,104182,66],{"class":58},[44,104184,584],{"class":583},[44,104186,655],{"class":587},[44,104188,590],{"class":583},[44,104190,82],{"class":58},[20,104192,104193],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,104195,104197],{"id":104196},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104199,104200,104201,104203],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104202,103303],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,104205,104207],{"className":37,"code":104206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104208,104209,104241,104245,104263,104267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104210,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104212,36861],{"class":50},[44,104214,55],{"class":54},[44,104216,59],{"class":58},[44,104218,633],{"class":583},[44,104220,636],{"class":587},[44,104222,633],{"class":583},[44,104224,66],{"class":58},[44,104226,643],{"class":583},[44,104228,646],{"class":587},[44,104230,633],{"class":583},[44,104232,66],{"class":58},[44,104234,643],{"class":583},[44,104236,655],{"class":587},[44,104238,633],{"class":583},[44,104240,82],{"class":58},[44,104242,104243],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104244,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104248,36913],{"class":50},[44,104250,120],{"class":58},[44,104252,103370],{"class":123},[44,104254,127],{"class":58},[44,104256,633],{"class":583},[44,104258,689],{"class":587},[44,104260,633],{"class":583},[44,104262,133],{"class":58},[44,104264,104265],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,104266,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,104270,140],{"class":139},[44,104272,127],{"class":58},[44,104274,36913],{"class":123},[44,104276,133],{"class":58},[20,104278,150],{},[35,104280,104282],{"className":37,"code":104281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104283,104284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104285,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104287,160],{"class":58},[44,104289,590],{"class":583},[44,104291,646],{"class":587},[44,104293,590],{"class":583},[44,104295,66],{"class":58},[44,104297,584],{"class":583},[44,104299,636],{"class":587},[44,104301,590],{"class":583},[44,104303,66],{"class":58},[44,104305,584],{"class":583},[44,104307,655],{"class":587},[44,104309,590],{"class":583},[44,104311,82],{"class":58},[20,104313,104314],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104316,104317],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,104319,104321],{"className":37,"code":104320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104322,104323,104339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104324,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104326,7615],{"class":4496},[44,104328,643],{"class":583},[44,104330,689],{"class":587},[44,104332,633],{"class":583},[44,104334,21792],{"class":54},[44,104336,53477],{"class":50},[44,104338,7011],{"class":58},[44,104340,104341,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104342,104343],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,104345,120],{"class":58},[44,104347,35414],{"class":123},[44,104349,127],{"class":58},[44,104351,633],{"class":583},[44,104353,689],{"class":587},[44,104355,633],{"class":583},[44,104357,133],{"class":58},[20,104359,104360,104361,104363],{},"With ",[15,104362,103303],{},", you can simply write:",[35,104365,104367],{"className":37,"code":104366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104368,104369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104370,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104372,36913],{"class":50},[44,104374,120],{"class":58},[44,104376,103370],{"class":123},[44,104378,127],{"class":58},[44,104380,633],{"class":583},[44,104382,689],{"class":587},[44,104384,633],{"class":583},[44,104386,133],{"class":58},[30,104388,5578,104390],{"id":104389},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104391,103303],{},[20,104393,1296,104394,11220],{},[15,104395,103303],{},[205,104397,104398,104401,104404],{},[208,104399,104400],{},"Missing values are normal",[208,104402,104403],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[208,104405,104406],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104408,104409],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,104411,3454],{"id":3453},[20,104413,9069,104414,120],{},[15,104415,103303],{},[1044,104417,9075,104419,104421],{"id":104418},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104420,103303],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104423,5144],{},[35,104425,104427],{"className":37,"code":104426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104428,104429,104449,104467,104471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104430,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104443,104445,104447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104432,884],{"class":50},[44,104434,55],{"class":54},[44,104436,59],{"class":58},[44,104438,63],{"class":62},[44,104440,66],{"class":58},[44,104442,69],{"class":62},[44,104444,66],{"class":58},[44,104446,74],{"class":62},[44,104448,82],{"class":58},[44,104450,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104452,884],{"class":50},[44,104454,55],{"class":54},[44,104456,975],{"class":50},[44,104458,120],{"class":58},[44,104460,103370],{"class":123},[44,104462,127],{"class":58},[44,104464,339],{"class":62},[44,104466,133],{"class":58},[44,104468,104469],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104470,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104472,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,104474,140],{"class":139},[44,104476,127],{"class":58},[44,104478,4268],{"class":123},[44,104480,133],{"class":58},[20,104482,104483,42778,104485,9224,104487,3025,104489,120],{},[15,104484,4268],{},[15,104486,4398],{},[15,104488,103303],{},[15,104490,4398],{},[20,104492,19459],{},[35,104494,104496],{"className":37,"code":104495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104497,104498,104518,104532,104536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104499,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514,104516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104501,884],{"class":50},[44,104503,55],{"class":54},[44,104505,59],{"class":58},[44,104507,63],{"class":62},[44,104509,66],{"class":58},[44,104511,69],{"class":62},[44,104513,66],{"class":58},[44,104515,74],{"class":62},[44,104517,82],{"class":58},[44,104519,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104521,4268],{"class":50},[44,104523,120],{"class":58},[44,104525,103370],{"class":123},[44,104527,127],{"class":58},[44,104529,339],{"class":62},[44,104531,133],{"class":58},[44,104533,104534],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104535,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,104537,104538,104540,104542,104544],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,104539,140],{"class":139},[44,104541,127],{"class":58},[44,104543,4268],{"class":123},[44,104545,133],{"class":58},[1044,104547,37826,104549,9326,104551],{"id":104548},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104550,103303],{},[15,104552,56154],{},[20,104554,104555,104556,120],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104557,103303],{},[35,104559,104561],{"className":37,"code":104560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104562,104563,104595,104616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104564,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104566,36712],{"class":50},[44,104568,55],{"class":54},[44,104570,59],{"class":58},[44,104572,633],{"class":583},[44,104574,176],{"class":587},[44,104576,633],{"class":583},[44,104578,66],{"class":58},[44,104580,643],{"class":583},[44,104582,130],{"class":587},[44,104584,633],{"class":583},[44,104586,66],{"class":58},[44,104588,643],{"class":583},[44,104590,431],{"class":587},[44,104592,633],{"class":583},[44,104594,82],{"class":58},[44,104596,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104598,36765],{"class":50},[44,104600,120],{"class":58},[44,104602,103370],{"class":123},[44,104604,127],{"class":58},[44,104606,633],{"class":583},[44,104608,22695],{"class":587},[44,104610,633],{"class":583},[44,104612,4281],{"class":58},[44,104614,104615],{"class":1992},"   # safe\n",[44,104617,104618,104620,104622,104624],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104619,140],{"class":139},[44,104621,127],{"class":58},[44,104623,36765],{"class":123},[44,104625,133],{"class":58},[20,104627,104628,104629,46531,104632,120],{},"If you use ",[15,104630,104631],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104633,20305],{},[1044,104635,26235,104637,104639],{"id":104636},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104638,103303],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104641,104642,1937],{},[15,104643,103303],{},[20,104645,17262],{},[35,104647,104649],{"className":37,"code":104648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104650,104651,104671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104654,8399],{"class":50},[44,104656,55],{"class":54},[44,104658,1954],{"class":58},[44,104660,63],{"class":62},[44,104662,66],{"class":58},[44,104664,69],{"class":62},[44,104666,66],{"class":58},[44,104668,74],{"class":62},[44,104670,1967],{"class":58},[44,104672,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104674,8430],{"class":50},[44,104676,120],{"class":58},[44,104678,103370],{"class":123},[44,104680,127],{"class":58},[44,104682,339],{"class":62},[44,104684,133],{"class":58},[20,104686,104687,104688,1598],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104689,103303],{},[35,104691,104693],{"className":37,"code":104692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104694,104695,104715,104729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104696,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104698,8399],{"class":50},[44,104700,55],{"class":54},[44,104702,59],{"class":58},[44,104704,63],{"class":62},[44,104706,66],{"class":58},[44,104708,69],{"class":62},[44,104710,66],{"class":58},[44,104712,74],{"class":62},[44,104714,82],{"class":58},[44,104716,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104718,8430],{"class":50},[44,104720,120],{"class":58},[44,104722,103370],{"class":123},[44,104724,127],{"class":58},[44,104726,339],{"class":62},[44,104728,133],{"class":58},[44,104730,104731,104733,104735,104737],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104732,140],{"class":139},[44,104734,127],{"class":58},[44,104736,8430],{"class":123},[44,104738,133],{"class":58},[1044,104740,104742],{"id":104741},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104744,104745],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104747,3461],{},[35,104749,104751],{"className":37,"code":104750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104752,104753,104773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104754,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104756,9788],{"class":50},[44,104758,55],{"class":54},[44,104760,59],{"class":58},[44,104762,63],{"class":62},[44,104764,66],{"class":58},[44,104766,69],{"class":62},[44,104768,66],{"class":58},[44,104770,74],{"class":62},[44,104772,82],{"class":58},[44,104774,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104776,9827],{"class":50},[44,104778,120],{"class":58},[44,104780,103370],{"class":123},[44,104782,3609],{"class":58},[44,104784,339],{"class":62},[44,104786,4509],{"class":58},[20,104788,104789],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104791,9494],{"id":9493},[20,104793,9497,104794,104796],{},[15,104795,103303],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104798,104800],{"className":37,"code":104799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104801,104802,104812,104826,104840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104803,104804,104806,104808,104810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104805,140],{"class":139},[44,104807,127],{"class":58},[44,104809,16284],{"class":123},[44,104811,133],{"class":58},[44,104813,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,104815,140],{"class":139},[44,104817,127],{"class":58},[44,104819,549],{"class":548},[44,104821,127],{"class":58},[44,104823,16284],{"class":123},[44,104825,556],{"class":58},[44,104827,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,104829,140],{"class":139},[44,104831,127],{"class":58},[44,104833,3075],{"class":123},[44,104835,4503],{"class":4496},[44,104837,97542],{"class":123},[44,104839,133],{"class":58},[44,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,104843,32772],{"class":139},[44,104845,127],{"class":58},[44,104847,568],{"class":548},[44,104849,120],{"class":58},[44,104851,103370],{"class":25368},[44,104853,133],{"class":58},[20,104855,2458],{},[205,104857,104858,104861,104864,104867],{},[208,104859,104860],{},"What is currently in the set",[208,104862,104863],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[208,104865,104866],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[208,104868,104869],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104871,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,104873,104875],{"id":104874},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104877,104878,104879,104881],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104880,103303],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1044,104883,5760,104885,13332],{"id":104884},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104886,103308],{},[20,104888,5766,104889,104891],{},[15,104890,4398],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1044,104893,2492,104895,2495,104897,1447],{"id":104894},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104896,103303],{},[15,104898,56154],{},[20,104900,104901,104902,27157,104904,104906,104907,104909],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104903,56154],{},[15,104905,20305],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104908,103303],{}," does not.",[1044,104911,2509,104913,104915],{"id":104912},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104914,103303],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104917,46988,104918,104920],{},[15,104919,103303],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104922,2528],{"id":2527},[205,104924,104925,104931,104937,104942,104946],{},[208,104926,104927],{},[176,104928,2540,104929,2544],{"href":98826},[15,104930,56154],{},[208,104932,104933],{},[176,104934,2540,104935,2544],{"href":98831},[15,104936,13379],{},[208,104938,104939],{},[176,104940,104941],{"href":98500},"Python set: creating a set",[208,104943,104944],{},[176,104945,100965],{"href":99408},[208,104947,104948],{},[176,104949,11880],{"href":11693},[2554,104951,104952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":104954},[104955,104956,104958,104961,104966,104967,104968,104969,104971,104980,104981,104990],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":103480,"depth":85,"text":104957},"What set.discard() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":104959},[104960],{"id":103553,"depth":109,"text":103554},{"id":103633,"depth":85,"text":104962,"children":104963},"What makes discard() different",[104964],{"id":103672,"depth":109,"text":104965},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103825,"depth":85,"text":103826},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":104196,"depth":85,"text":104197},{"id":104389,"depth":85,"text":104970},"When to use discard()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":104972},[104973,104975,104977,104979],{"id":104418,"depth":109,"text":104974},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104548,"depth":109,"text":104976},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104636,"depth":109,"text":104978},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104741,"depth":109,"text":104742},{"id":9493,"depth":85,"text":9494},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":104982},[104983,104984,104986,104988],{"id":104874,"depth":109,"text":104875},{"id":104884,"depth":109,"text":104985},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104894,"depth":109,"text":104987},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104912,"depth":109,"text":104989},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103295,"description":104991},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104998,"title":104999,"body":105000,"description":107006,"extension":2593,"meta":107007,"navigation":364,"path":107008,"seo":107009,"stem":107010,"__hash__":107011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105001,"toc":106964},[105002,105005,105013,105018,105029,105031,105086,105090,105110,105115,105119,105124,105126,105140,105142,105217,105219,105252,105257,105262,105264,105266,105281,105284,105292,105297,105312,105314,105403,105405,105494,105500,105504,105506,105544,105546,105570,105573,105588,105590,105645,105647,105680,105682,105687,105691,105695,105700,105765,105767,105787,105793,105797,105854,105856,105877,105881,105886,105931,105933,105966,105969,105973,106006,106008,106037,106041,106045,106048,106050,106069,106071,106117,106122,106136,106138,106169,106174,106177,106221,106223,106251,106255,106259,106275,106278,106343,106345,106357,106360,106364,106367,106372,106400,106402,106420,106426,106465,106467,106485,106491,106520,106522,106540,106543,106560,106562,106567,106571,106574,106600,106607,106612,106627,106636,106640,106643,106674,106680,106683,106692,106695,106697,106699,106757,106760,106785,106787,106791,106794,106798,106806,106810,106813,106817,106820,106822,106845,106847,106888,106895,106903,106906,106937,106939,106961],[10,105003,104999],{"id":105004},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105006,9745,105007,105009,105010,120],{},[15,105008,599],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[197,105011,105012],{},"unique values only",[20,105014,36026,105015,105017],{},[15,105016,599],{}," to:",[205,105019,105020,105023,105026],{},[208,105021,105022],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[208,105024,105025],{},"check whether a value exists",[208,105027,105028],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,105030,2634],{"id":2633},[35,105032,105034],{"className":37,"code":105033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105035,105036,105060,105075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105037,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105039,884],{"class":50},[44,105041,55],{"class":54},[44,105043,1954],{"class":58},[44,105045,63],{"class":62},[44,105047,66],{"class":58},[44,105049,69],{"class":62},[44,105051,66],{"class":58},[44,105053,69],{"class":62},[44,105055,66],{"class":58},[44,105057,74],{"class":62},[44,105059,1967],{"class":58},[44,105061,105062,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105063,105064],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,105066,55],{"class":54},[44,105068,2050],{"class":548},[44,105070,127],{"class":58},[44,105072,4268],{"class":123},[44,105074,133],{"class":58},[44,105076,105077,105079,105081,105084],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105078,140],{"class":139},[44,105080,127],{"class":58},[44,105082,105083],{"class":123},"unique_numbers",[44,105085,133],{"class":58},[20,105087,105088],{},[197,105089,150],{},[35,105091,105092],{"className":37,"code":1668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105093,105094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105095,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105097,160],{"class":58},[44,105099,63],{"class":62},[44,105101,66],{"class":58},[44,105103,69],{"class":62},[44,105105,66],{"class":58},[44,105107,74],{"class":62},[44,105109,82],{"class":58},[20,105111,1296,105112,105114],{},[15,105113,599],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,105116,105118],{"id":105117},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105120,105121,105123],{},[15,105122,599],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105125,31159],{},[205,105127,105128,105131,105134,105137],{},[208,105129,105130],{},"A set stores unique items only",[208,105132,105133],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[208,105135,105136],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[208,105138,105139],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105141,295],{},[35,105143,105145],{"className":37,"code":105144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105146,105147,105187,105202,105206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105150,13692],{"class":50},[44,105152,55],{"class":54},[44,105154,1954],{"class":58},[44,105156,633],{"class":583},[44,105158,13709],{"class":587},[44,105160,633],{"class":583},[44,105162,66],{"class":58},[44,105164,643],{"class":583},[44,105166,13726],{"class":587},[44,105168,633],{"class":583},[44,105170,66],{"class":58},[44,105172,643],{"class":583},[44,105174,13709],{"class":587},[44,105176,633],{"class":583},[44,105178,66],{"class":58},[44,105180,643],{"class":583},[44,105182,18073],{"class":587},[44,105184,633],{"class":583},[44,105186,1967],{"class":58},[44,105188,105189,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105190,105191],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,105193,55],{"class":54},[44,105195,2050],{"class":548},[44,105197,127],{"class":58},[44,105199,18120],{"class":123},[44,105201,133],{"class":58},[44,105203,105204],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105205,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,105207,105208,105210,105212,105215],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105209,140],{"class":139},[44,105211,127],{"class":58},[44,105213,105214],{"class":123},"unique_colors",[44,105216,133],{"class":58},[20,105218,756],{},[35,105220,105222],{"className":37,"code":105221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105223,105224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105227,160],{"class":58},[44,105229,590],{"class":583},[44,105231,13726],{"class":587},[44,105233,590],{"class":583},[44,105235,66],{"class":58},[44,105237,584],{"class":583},[44,105239,18073],{"class":587},[44,105241,590],{"class":583},[44,105243,66],{"class":58},[44,105245,584],{"class":583},[44,105247,13709],{"class":587},[44,105249,590],{"class":583},[44,105251,82],{"class":58},[20,105253,2913,105254,105256],{},[15,105255,66016],{}," appears only once.",[20,105258,105259,105260,120],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[176,105261,228],{"href":96948},[30,105263,234],{"id":233},[20,105265,2787],{},[35,105267,105269],{"className":37,"code":105268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105270,105271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105272,105273,105275,105277,105279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105274,568],{"class":548},[44,105276,127],{"class":58},[44,105278,4340],{"class":123},[44,105280,133],{"class":58},[20,105282,105283],{},"The argument is optional.",[205,105285,105286,105289],{},[208,105287,105288],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[208,105290,105291],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105293,105294,105295,1598],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105296,599],{},[205,105298,105299,105301,105303,105305,105309],{},[208,105300,8715],{},[208,105302,49577],{},[208,105304,61797],{},[208,105306,105307],{},[15,105308,36820],{},[208,105310,105311],{},"another set",[20,105313,2754],{},[35,105315,105317],{"className":37,"code":105316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105318,105319,105345,105367,105385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105320,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105322,140],{"class":139},[44,105324,127],{"class":58},[44,105326,568],{"class":548},[44,105328,3609],{"class":58},[44,105330,63],{"class":62},[44,105332,66],{"class":58},[44,105334,69],{"class":62},[44,105336,66],{"class":58},[44,105338,69],{"class":62},[44,105340,66],{"class":58},[44,105342,74],{"class":62},[44,105344,3622],{"class":58},[44,105346,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105348,140],{"class":139},[44,105350,127],{"class":58},[44,105352,568],{"class":548},[44,105354,6128],{"class":58},[44,105356,2958],{"class":62},[44,105358,66],{"class":58},[44,105360,8410],{"class":62},[44,105362,66],{"class":58},[44,105364,6622],{"class":62},[44,105366,2432],{"class":58},[44,105368,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105370,140],{"class":139},[44,105372,127],{"class":58},[44,105374,568],{"class":548},[44,105376,127],{"class":58},[44,105378,633],{"class":583},[44,105380,4464],{"class":587},[44,105382,633],{"class":583},[44,105384,556],{"class":58},[44,105386,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105388,140],{"class":139},[44,105390,127],{"class":58},[44,105392,568],{"class":548},[44,105394,127],{"class":58},[44,105396,60621],{"class":139},[44,105398,127],{"class":58},[44,105400,1517],{"class":62},[44,105402,2432],{"class":58},[20,105404,756],{},[35,105406,105408],{"className":37,"code":105407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105409,105410,105426,105438,105474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105413,160],{"class":58},[44,105415,63],{"class":62},[44,105417,66],{"class":58},[44,105419,69],{"class":62},[44,105421,66],{"class":58},[44,105423,74],{"class":62},[44,105425,82],{"class":58},[44,105427,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105429,160],{"class":58},[44,105431,2958],{"class":62},[44,105433,66],{"class":58},[44,105435,8410],{"class":62},[44,105437,82],{"class":58},[44,105439,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105441,160],{"class":58},[44,105443,590],{"class":583},[44,105445,61061],{"class":587},[44,105447,590],{"class":583},[44,105449,66],{"class":58},[44,105451,584],{"class":583},[44,105453,61070],{"class":587},[44,105455,590],{"class":583},[44,105457,66],{"class":58},[44,105459,584],{"class":583},[44,105461,61079],{"class":587},[44,105463,590],{"class":583},[44,105465,66],{"class":58},[44,105467,584],{"class":583},[44,105469,61096],{"class":587},[44,105471,590],{"class":583},[44,105473,82],{"class":58},[44,105475,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105477,160],{"class":58},[44,105479,2748],{"class":62},[44,105481,66],{"class":58},[44,105483,2212],{"class":62},[44,105485,66],{"class":58},[44,105487,69],{"class":62},[44,105489,66],{"class":58},[44,105491,74],{"class":62},[44,105493,82],{"class":58},[20,105495,105496,105497,120],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[176,105498,105499],{"href":65471},"Python list() function explained",[30,105501,105503],{"id":105502},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105505,98897],{},[35,105507,105508],{"className":37,"code":99862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105509,105510,105520,105530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105511,105512,105514,105516,105518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105513,98907],{"class":50},[44,105515,55],{"class":54},[44,105517,2050],{"class":548},[44,105519,571],{"class":58},[44,105521,105522,105524,105526,105528],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105523,140],{"class":139},[44,105525,127],{"class":58},[44,105527,98926],{"class":123},[44,105529,133],{"class":58},[44,105531,105532,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105533,140],{"class":139},[44,105535,127],{"class":58},[44,105537,549],{"class":548},[44,105539,127],{"class":58},[44,105541,98926],{"class":123},[44,105543,556],{"class":58},[20,105545,150],{},[35,105547,105548],{"className":37,"code":561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105549,105550,105556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105551,105552,105554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105553,568],{"class":548},[44,105555,571],{"class":58},[44,105557,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105559,576],{"class":54},[44,105561,580],{"class":579},[44,105563,584],{"class":583},[44,105565,568],{"class":587},[44,105567,590],{"class":583},[44,105569,593],{"class":54},[20,105571,105572],{},"This is important because:",[205,105574,105575,105580],{},[208,105576,105577,105579],{},[15,105578,599],{}," creates an empty set",[208,105581,105582,105584,105585,105587],{},[15,105583,603],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[197,105586,199],{}," a set",[20,105589,295],{},[35,105591,105593],{"className":37,"code":105592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105594,105595,105605,105613,105617,105631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105596,105597,105599,105601,105603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105598,51],{"class":50},[44,105600,55],{"class":54},[44,105602,2050],{"class":548},[44,105604,571],{"class":58},[44,105606,105607,105609,105611],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105608,88],{"class":50},[44,105610,55],{"class":54},[44,105612,10458],{"class":58},[44,105614,105615],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105616,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,105618,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105620,140],{"class":139},[44,105622,127],{"class":58},[44,105624,549],{"class":548},[44,105626,127],{"class":58},[44,105628,176],{"class":123},[44,105630,556],{"class":58},[44,105632,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,105634,140],{"class":139},[44,105636,127],{"class":58},[44,105638,549],{"class":548},[44,105640,127],{"class":58},[44,105642,130],{"class":123},[44,105644,556],{"class":58},[20,105646,150],{},[35,105648,105650],{"className":37,"code":105649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105651,105652,105666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105653,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105655,576],{"class":54},[44,105657,580],{"class":579},[44,105659,584],{"class":583},[44,105661,568],{"class":587},[44,105663,590],{"class":583},[44,105665,593],{"class":54},[44,105667,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105669,576],{"class":54},[44,105671,580],{"class":579},[44,105673,584],{"class":583},[44,105675,9443],{"class":587},[44,105677,590],{"class":583},[44,105679,593],{"class":54},[20,105681,14666],{},[20,105683,105684,105685,120],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[176,105686,104941],{"href":96951},[30,105688,105690],{"id":105689},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1044,105692,105694],{"id":105693},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105696,105697,105698,120],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105699,599],{},[35,105701,105703],{"className":37,"code":105702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105704,105705,105737,105751,105755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105706,105707,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105708,884],{"class":50},[44,105710,55],{"class":54},[44,105712,1954],{"class":58},[44,105714,63],{"class":62},[44,105716,66],{"class":58},[44,105718,69],{"class":62},[44,105720,66],{"class":58},[44,105722,69],{"class":62},[44,105724,66],{"class":58},[44,105726,74],{"class":62},[44,105728,66],{"class":58},[44,105730,74],{"class":62},[44,105732,66],{"class":58},[44,105734,74],{"class":62},[44,105736,1967],{"class":58},[44,105738,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105740,112],{"class":50},[44,105742,55],{"class":54},[44,105744,2050],{"class":548},[44,105746,127],{"class":58},[44,105748,4268],{"class":123},[44,105750,133],{"class":58},[44,105752,105753],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105754,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,105756,105757,105759,105761,105763],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105758,140],{"class":139},[44,105760,127],{"class":58},[44,105762,145],{"class":123},[44,105764,133],{"class":58},[20,105766,150],{},[35,105768,105769],{"className":37,"code":1668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105770,105771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105774,160],{"class":58},[44,105776,63],{"class":62},[44,105778,66],{"class":58},[44,105780,69],{"class":62},[44,105782,66],{"class":58},[44,105784,74],{"class":62},[44,105786,82],{"class":58},[20,105788,105789,105790,120],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[176,105791,99695],{"href":105792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1044,105794,105796],{"id":105795},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105798,105800],{"className":37,"code":105799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105801,105802,105826,105840,105844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105803,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822,105824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105805,4441],{"class":50},[44,105807,55],{"class":54},[44,105809,9859],{"class":58},[44,105811,357],{"class":62},[44,105813,66],{"class":58},[44,105815,104],{"class":62},[44,105817,66],{"class":58},[44,105819,6622],{"class":62},[44,105821,66],{"class":58},[44,105823,38558],{"class":62},[44,105825,133],{"class":58},[44,105827,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836,105838],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105829,112],{"class":50},[44,105831,55],{"class":54},[44,105833,2050],{"class":548},[44,105835,127],{"class":58},[44,105837,5976],{"class":123},[44,105839,133],{"class":58},[44,105841,105842],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105843,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,105845,105846,105848,105850,105852],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105847,140],{"class":139},[44,105849,127],{"class":58},[44,105851,145],{"class":123},[44,105853,133],{"class":58},[20,105855,150],{},[35,105857,105859],{"className":37,"code":105858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105860,105861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105862,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105864,160],{"class":58},[44,105866,357],{"class":62},[44,105868,66],{"class":58},[44,105870,6622],{"class":62},[44,105872,66],{"class":58},[44,105874,38558],{"class":62},[44,105876,82],{"class":58},[1044,105878,105880],{"id":105879},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105882,51752,105883,105885],{},[15,105884,599],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105887,105889],{"className":37,"code":105888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105890,105891,105903,105917,105921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105892,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105894,35307],{"class":50},[44,105896,55],{"class":54},[44,105898,643],{"class":583},[44,105900,646],{"class":587},[44,105902,3979],{"class":583},[44,105904,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105906,112],{"class":50},[44,105908,55],{"class":54},[44,105910,2050],{"class":548},[44,105912,127],{"class":58},[44,105914,35328],{"class":123},[44,105916,133],{"class":58},[44,105918,105919],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,105920,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,105922,105923,105925,105927,105929],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,105924,140],{"class":139},[44,105926,127],{"class":58},[44,105928,145],{"class":123},[44,105930,133],{"class":58},[20,105932,756],{},[35,105934,105936],{"className":37,"code":105935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105937,105938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105939,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105941,160],{"class":58},[44,105943,590],{"class":583},[44,105945,130],{"class":587},[44,105947,590],{"class":583},[44,105949,66],{"class":58},[44,105951,584],{"class":583},[44,105953,176],{"class":587},[44,105955,590],{"class":583},[44,105957,66],{"class":58},[44,105959,584],{"class":583},[44,105961,76654],{"class":587},[44,105963,590],{"class":583},[44,105965,82],{"class":58},[20,105967,105968],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1044,105970,105972],{"id":105971},"from-range","From range()",[35,105974,105976],{"className":37,"code":105975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105977,105978,105996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105979,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105981,112],{"class":50},[44,105983,55],{"class":54},[44,105985,2050],{"class":548},[44,105987,127],{"class":58},[44,105989,60621],{"class":139},[44,105991,127],{"class":58},[44,105993,357],{"class":62},[44,105995,556],{"class":58},[44,105997,105998,106000,106002,106004],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,105999,140],{"class":139},[44,106001,127],{"class":58},[44,106003,145],{"class":123},[44,106005,133],{"class":58},[20,106007,150],{},[35,106009,106011],{"className":37,"code":106010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106012,106013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106014,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106016,160],{"class":58},[44,106018,2748],{"class":62},[44,106020,66],{"class":58},[44,106022,2212],{"class":62},[44,106024,66],{"class":58},[44,106026,69],{"class":62},[44,106028,66],{"class":58},[44,106030,74],{"class":62},[44,106032,66],{"class":58},[44,106034,79],{"class":62},[44,106036,82],{"class":58},[30,106038,106040],{"id":106039},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106042,100141,106043,120],{},[197,106044,96991],{},[20,106046,106047],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106049,100147],{},[205,106051,106052,106056,106060,106064],{},[208,106053,106054],{},[15,106055,2816],{},[208,106057,106058],{},[15,106059,4064],{},[208,106061,106062],{},[15,106063,2820],{},[208,106065,106066,106068],{},[15,106067,49577],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106070,295],{},[35,106072,106074],{"className":37,"code":106073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106075,106076,106107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106077,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106079,8399],{"class":50},[44,106081,55],{"class":54},[44,106083,59],{"class":58},[44,106085,63],{"class":62},[44,106087,66],{"class":58},[44,106089,643],{"class":583},[44,106091,4464],{"class":587},[44,106093,633],{"class":583},[44,106095,66],{"class":58},[44,106097,9859],{"class":58},[44,106099,2958],{"class":62},[44,106101,66],{"class":58},[44,106103,8410],{"class":62},[44,106105,106106],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,106108,106109,106111,106113,106115],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106110,140],{"class":139},[44,106112,127],{"class":58},[44,106114,8430],{"class":123},[44,106116,133],{"class":58},[20,106118,100209,106119,106121],{},[197,106120,199],{}," work inside a set:",[205,106123,106124,106128,106132],{},[208,106125,106126],{},[15,106127,8715],{},[208,106129,106130],{},[15,106131,9443],{},[208,106133,106134],{},[15,106135,568],{},[20,106137,97714],{},[35,106139,106141],{"className":37,"code":106140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106142,106143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106144,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106146,100228],{"class":50},[44,106148,55],{"class":54},[44,106150,100233],{"class":58},[44,106152,63],{"class":62},[44,106154,66],{"class":58},[44,106156,69],{"class":62},[44,106158,18680],{"class":58},[44,106160,1954],{"class":58},[44,106162,95],{"class":62},[44,106164,66],{"class":58},[44,106166,79],{"class":62},[44,106168,14323],{"class":58},[20,106170,77482,106171,106173],{},[15,106172,3628],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106175,106176],{},"A safer example:",[35,106178,106180],{"className":37,"code":106179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106181,106182,106210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106183,106184,106187,106189,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106185,106186],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,106188,55],{"class":54},[44,106190,106191],{"class":58}," {(",[44,106193,63],{"class":62},[44,106195,66],{"class":58},[44,106197,69],{"class":62},[44,106199,9856],{"class":58},[44,106201,9859],{"class":58},[44,106203,95],{"class":62},[44,106205,66],{"class":58},[44,106207,79],{"class":62},[44,106209,106106],{"class":58},[44,106211,106212,106214,106216,106219],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106213,140],{"class":139},[44,106215,127],{"class":58},[44,106217,106218],{"class":123},"good_set",[44,106220,133],{"class":58},[20,106222,150],{},[35,106224,106226],{"className":37,"code":106225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106227,106228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106229,106230,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106231,106232],{"class":58},"{(",[44,106234,63],{"class":62},[44,106236,66],{"class":58},[44,106238,69],{"class":62},[44,106240,9856],{"class":58},[44,106242,9859],{"class":58},[44,106244,95],{"class":62},[44,106246,66],{"class":58},[44,106248,79],{"class":62},[44,106250,106106],{"class":58},[30,106252,106254],{"id":106253},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106256,1296,106257,11220],{},[15,106258,599],{},[205,106260,106261,106264,106269,106272],{},[208,106262,106263],{},"you need unique values only",[208,106265,106266,106267],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106268,4503],{},[208,106270,106271],{},"order does not matter",[208,106273,106274],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106276,106277],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,106279,106281],{"className":37,"code":106280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106282,106283,106308,106312,106328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106284,106285,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106301,106303,106306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106286,106287],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,106289,55],{"class":54},[44,106291,2050],{"class":548},[44,106293,3609],{"class":58},[44,106295,47215],{"class":62},[44,106297,66],{"class":58},[44,106299,106300],{"class":62}," 102",[44,106302,66],{"class":58},[44,106304,106305],{"class":62}," 103",[44,106307,4509],{"class":58},[44,106309,106310],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106311,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,106313,106314,106316,106318,106321,106323,106326],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,106315,140],{"class":139},[44,106317,127],{"class":58},[44,106319,106320],{"class":62},"102",[44,106322,21792],{"class":4496},[44,106324,106325],{"class":123}," allowed_ids",[44,106327,133],{"class":58},[44,106329,106330,106332,106334,106337,106339,106341],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,106331,140],{"class":139},[44,106333,127],{"class":58},[44,106335,106336],{"class":62},"999",[44,106338,21792],{"class":4496},[44,106340,106325],{"class":123},[44,106342,133],{"class":58},[20,106344,150],{},[35,106346,106347],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106348,106349,106353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106350,106351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106352,4601],{"class":4471},[44,106354,106355],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106356,4662],{"class":4471},[20,106358,106359],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,106361,106363],{"id":106362},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106365,106366],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1044,106368,1296,106370,98839],{"id":106369},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106371,599],{},[35,106373,106374],{"className":37,"code":98900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106375,106376,106386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106377,106378,106380,106382,106384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106379,98907],{"class":50},[44,106381,55],{"class":54},[44,106383,2050],{"class":548},[44,106385,571],{"class":58},[44,106387,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106389,140],{"class":139},[44,106391,127],{"class":58},[44,106393,549],{"class":548},[44,106395,127],{"class":58},[44,106397,98926],{"class":123},[44,106399,556],{"class":58},[20,106401,150],{},[35,106403,106404],{"className":37,"code":9474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106405,106406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106407,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106409,576],{"class":54},[44,106411,580],{"class":579},[44,106413,584],{"class":583},[44,106415,568],{"class":587},[44,106417,590],{"class":583},[44,106419,593],{"class":54},[1044,106421,1296,106423,106425],{"id":106422},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106424,100898],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,106427,106429],{"className":37,"code":106428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106430,106431,106451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106432,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447,106449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106434,884],{"class":50},[44,106436,55],{"class":54},[44,106438,59],{"class":58},[44,106440,63],{"class":62},[44,106442,66],{"class":58},[44,106444,69],{"class":62},[44,106446,66],{"class":58},[44,106448,74],{"class":62},[44,106450,82],{"class":58},[44,106452,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106454,140],{"class":139},[44,106456,127],{"class":58},[44,106458,549],{"class":548},[44,106460,127],{"class":58},[44,106462,4268],{"class":123},[44,106464,556],{"class":58},[20,106466,150],{},[35,106468,106469],{"className":37,"code":9474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106470,106471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106472,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106474,576],{"class":54},[44,106476,580],{"class":579},[44,106478,584],{"class":583},[44,106480,568],{"class":587},[44,106482,590],{"class":583},[44,106484,593],{"class":54},[1044,106486,1296,106488,106490],{"id":106487},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106489,603],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,106492,106494],{"className":37,"code":106493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106495,106496,106505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106497,106498,106501,106503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106499,106500],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,106502,55],{"class":54},[44,106504,10458],{"class":58},[44,106506,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106518],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106508,140],{"class":139},[44,106510,127],{"class":58},[44,106512,549],{"class":548},[44,106514,127],{"class":58},[44,106516,106517],{"class":123},"empty_dict",[44,106519,556],{"class":58},[20,106521,150],{},[35,106523,106524],{"className":37,"code":9430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106525,106526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106527,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106529,576],{"class":54},[44,106531,580],{"class":579},[44,106533,584],{"class":583},[44,106535,9443],{"class":587},[44,106537,590],{"class":583},[44,106539,593],{"class":54},[20,106541,106542],{},"So the rule is simple:",[205,106544,106545,106550,106555],{},[208,106546,106547,106549],{},[15,106548,599],{}," → empty set",[208,106551,106552,106554],{},[15,106553,100898],{}," → non-empty set",[208,106556,106557,106559],{},[15,106558,603],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,106561,3454],{"id":3453},[20,106563,106564,106565,120],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106566,599],{},[1044,106568,863,106569,100496],{"id":100493},[15,106570,603],{},[20,106572,106573],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,106575,106576],{"className":37,"code":100502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106577,106578,106586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106579,106580,106582,106584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106581,3075],{"class":50},[44,106583,55],{"class":54},[44,106585,10458],{"class":58},[44,106587,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106589,140],{"class":139},[44,106591,127],{"class":58},[44,106593,549],{"class":548},[44,106595,127],{"class":58},[44,106597,3100],{"class":123},[44,106599,556],{"class":58},[1044,106601,106603,106604],{"id":106602},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106605,106606],{},"set(5)",[20,106608,106609,106611],{},[15,106610,599],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,106613,106615],{"className":37,"code":106614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,106616,106617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106618,106619,106621,106623,106625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106620,568],{"class":548},[44,106622,127],{"class":58},[44,106624,357],{"class":62},[44,106626,133],{"class":58},[20,106628,3625,106629,106631,106632,120],{},[15,106630,3628],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[176,106633,106635],{"href":106634},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1044,106637,106639],{"id":106638},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106641,106642],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,106644,106646],{"className":37,"code":106645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106647,106648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106651,3075],{"class":50},[44,106653,55],{"class":54},[44,106655,100233],{"class":58},[44,106657,63],{"class":62},[44,106659,66],{"class":58},[44,106661,69],{"class":62},[44,106663,18680],{"class":58},[44,106665,1954],{"class":58},[44,106667,95],{"class":62},[44,106669,66],{"class":58},[44,106671,79],{"class":62},[44,106673,14323],{"class":58},[1044,106675,9075,106677,106679],{"id":106676},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106678,599],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106681,106682],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1044,106684,37826,106686,9326,106688,428,106690],{"id":106685},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106687,599],{},[15,106689,25399],{},[15,106691,9742],{},[20,106693,106694],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,106696,61333],{"id":61332},[20,106698,11732],{},[35,106700,106702],{"className":37,"code":106701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106703,106704,106719,106729,106743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106705,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106707,140],{"class":139},[44,106709,127],{"class":58},[44,106711,549],{"class":548},[44,106713,127],{"class":58},[44,106715,106716],{"class":123},"my_value",[44,106718,556],{"class":58},[44,106720,106721,106723,106725,106727],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,106722,140],{"class":139},[44,106724,127],{"class":58},[44,106726,106716],{"class":123},[44,106728,133],{"class":58},[44,106730,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,106732,140],{"class":139},[44,106734,127],{"class":58},[44,106736,8715],{"class":548},[44,106738,127],{"class":58},[44,106740,16284],{"class":123},[44,106742,556],{"class":58},[44,106744,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,106746,140],{"class":139},[44,106748,127],{"class":58},[44,106750,2441],{"class":139},[44,106752,127],{"class":58},[44,106754,16284],{"class":123},[44,106756,556],{"class":58},[20,106758,106759],{},"What they help you see:",[205,106761,106762,106768,106773,106779],{},[208,106763,106764,106767],{},[15,106765,106766],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[208,106769,106770,91171],{},[15,106771,106772],{},"print(my_value)",[208,106774,106775,106778],{},[15,106776,106777],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[208,106780,106781,106784],{},[15,106782,106783],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,106786,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,106788,106790],{"id":106789},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106792,106793],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1044,106795,106797],{"id":106796},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106799,1296,106800,106802,106803,106805],{},[15,106801,599],{},". Do not use ",[15,106804,603],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1044,106807,106809],{"id":106808},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106811,106812],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1044,106814,106816],{"id":106815},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106818,106819],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106821,295],{},[35,106823,106825],{"className":37,"code":106824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106826,106827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106828,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106830,140],{"class":139},[44,106832,127],{"class":58},[44,106834,568],{"class":548},[44,106836,127],{"class":58},[44,106838,633],{"class":583},[44,106840,636],{"class":587},[44,106842,633],{"class":583},[44,106844,556],{"class":58},[20,106846,756],{},[35,106848,106850],{"className":37,"code":106849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106851,106852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106855,160],{"class":58},[44,106857,590],{"class":583},[44,106859,176],{"class":587},[44,106861,590],{"class":583},[44,106863,66],{"class":58},[44,106865,584],{"class":583},[44,106867,20],{"class":587},[44,106869,590],{"class":583},[44,106871,66],{"class":58},[44,106873,584],{"class":583},[44,106875,61079],{"class":587},[44,106877,590],{"class":583},[44,106879,66],{"class":58},[44,106881,584],{"class":583},[44,106883,61070],{"class":587},[44,106885,590],{"class":583},[44,106887,82],{"class":58},[1044,106889,5776,106891,106894],{"id":106890},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106892,106893],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106896,106897,29304,106899,106902],{},[15,106898,599],{},[197,106900,106901],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106904,106905],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106907,106909],{"className":37,"code":106908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106910,106911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106912,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106914,140],{"class":139},[44,106916,127],{"class":58},[44,106918,568],{"class":548},[44,106920,3609],{"class":58},[44,106922,63],{"class":62},[44,106924,66],{"class":58},[44,106926,69],{"class":62},[44,106928,66],{"class":58},[44,106930,74],{"class":62},[44,106932,66],{"class":58},[44,106934,79],{"class":62},[44,106936,3622],{"class":58},[30,106938,2528],{"id":2527},[205,106940,106941,106945,106949,106953,106957],{},[208,106942,106943],{},[176,106944,228],{"href":96948},[208,106946,106947],{},[176,106948,104941],{"href":96951},[208,106950,106951],{},[176,106952,100960],{"href":105792},[208,106954,106955],{},[176,106956,105499],{"href":65471},[208,106958,106959],{},[176,106960,106635],{"href":106634},[2554,106962,106963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":106965},[106966,106967,106968,106969,106970,106976,106977,106978,106986,106996,106997,107005],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":105117,"depth":85,"text":105118},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":105502,"depth":85,"text":105503},{"id":105689,"depth":85,"text":105690,"children":106971},[106972,106973,106974,106975],{"id":105693,"depth":109,"text":105694},{"id":105795,"depth":109,"text":105796},{"id":105879,"depth":109,"text":105880},{"id":105971,"depth":109,"text":105972},{"id":106039,"depth":85,"text":106040},{"id":106253,"depth":85,"text":106254},{"id":106362,"depth":85,"text":106363,"children":106979},[106980,106982,106984],{"id":106369,"depth":109,"text":106981},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106422,"depth":109,"text":106983},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106487,"depth":109,"text":106985},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":106987},[106988,106989,106991,106992,106994],{"id":100493,"depth":109,"text":101001},{"id":106602,"depth":109,"text":106990},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106638,"depth":109,"text":106639},{"id":106676,"depth":109,"text":106993},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106685,"depth":109,"text":106995},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61332,"depth":85,"text":61333},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":106998},[106999,107000,107001,107002,107003],{"id":106789,"depth":109,"text":106790},{"id":106796,"depth":109,"text":106797},{"id":106808,"depth":109,"text":106809},{"id":106815,"depth":109,"text":106816},{"id":106890,"depth":109,"text":107004},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104999,"description":107006},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107013,"title":107014,"body":107015,"description":108530,"extension":2593,"meta":108531,"navigation":364,"path":108532,"seo":108533,"stem":108534,"__hash__":108535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107016,"toc":108506},[107017,107023,107028,107031,107114,107119,107124,107129,107131,107144,107148,107150,107169,107172,107195,107198,107209,107211,107292,107294,107311,107313,107319,107322,107417,107419,107450,107452,107460,107462,107465,107576,107578,107603,107605,107627,107632,107637,107643,107752,107754,107770,107773,107776,107859,107861,107878,107886,107888,107892,107898,107989,107991,108024,108029,108036,108113,108115,108132,108138,108140,108144,108160,108163,108189,108191,108252,108254,108377,108379,108430,108436,108438,108443,108445,108451,108454,108458,108461,108465,108468,108478,108480,108503],[10,107018,4197,107020,18],{"id":107019},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107021,107022],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107024,192,107025,107027],{},[15,107026,107022],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107029,107030],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,107032,107034],{"className":37,"code":107033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107035,107036,107056,107076,107080,107099,107109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107037,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107039,51],{"class":50},[44,107041,55],{"class":54},[44,107043,59],{"class":58},[44,107045,63],{"class":62},[44,107047,66],{"class":58},[44,107049,69],{"class":62},[44,107051,66],{"class":58},[44,107053,74],{"class":62},[44,107055,82],{"class":58},[44,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107059,88],{"class":50},[44,107061,55],{"class":54},[44,107063,59],{"class":58},[44,107065,339],{"class":62},[44,107067,66],{"class":58},[44,107069,74],{"class":62},[44,107071,66],{"class":58},[44,107073,79],{"class":62},[44,107075,82],{"class":58},[44,107077,107078],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107079,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107081,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107093,107095,107097],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107083,112],{"class":50},[44,107085,55],{"class":54},[44,107087,117],{"class":50},[44,107089,120],{"class":58},[44,107091,107092],{"class":123},"intersection",[44,107094,127],{"class":58},[44,107096,130],{"class":123},[44,107098,133],{"class":58},[44,107100,107101,107103,107105,107107],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107102,140],{"class":139},[44,107104,127],{"class":58},[44,107106,145],{"class":123},[44,107108,133],{"class":58},[44,107110,107111],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,107112,107113],{"class":1992},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107115,1296,107116,107118],{},[15,107117,2543],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,107120,13613,107122,13616],{"id":107121},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107123,2543],{},[20,107125,107126,107128],{},[15,107127,2543],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107130,203],{},[205,107132,107133,107136,107138,107141],{},[208,107134,107135],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[208,107137,218],{},[208,107139,107140],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[208,107142,107143],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107145,224,107146,120],{},[176,107147,228],{"href":96948},[30,107149,234],{"id":233},[35,107151,107153],{"className":37,"code":107152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107154,107155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107156,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107158,247],{"class":50},[44,107160,120],{"class":58},[44,107162,107092],{"class":123},[44,107164,127],{"class":58},[44,107166,256],{"class":123},[44,107168,133],{"class":58},[20,107170,107171],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,107173,107175],{"className":37,"code":107174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107176,107177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107180,247],{"class":50},[44,107182,120],{"class":58},[44,107184,107092],{"class":123},[44,107186,127],{"class":58},[44,107188,256],{"class":123},[44,107190,66],{"class":58},[44,107192,283],{"class":123},[44,107194,133],{"class":58},[20,107196,107197],{},"Important notes:",[205,107199,107200,107203,107206],{},[208,107201,107202],{},"The result is always a new set",[208,107204,107205],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[208,107207,107208],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107210,295],{},[35,107212,107214],{"className":37,"code":107213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107215,107216,107240,107260,107264,107282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107217,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107219,51],{"class":50},[44,107221,55],{"class":54},[44,107223,59],{"class":58},[44,107225,63],{"class":62},[44,107227,66],{"class":58},[44,107229,69],{"class":62},[44,107231,66],{"class":58},[44,107233,74],{"class":62},[44,107235,66],{"class":58},[44,107237,79],{"class":62},[44,107239,82],{"class":58},[44,107241,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107243,88],{"class":50},[44,107245,55],{"class":54},[44,107247,59],{"class":58},[44,107249,95],{"class":62},[44,107251,66],{"class":58},[44,107253,79],{"class":62},[44,107255,66],{"class":58},[44,107257,104],{"class":62},[44,107259,82],{"class":58},[44,107261,107262],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107263,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107265,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107267,112],{"class":50},[44,107269,55],{"class":54},[44,107271,117],{"class":50},[44,107273,120],{"class":58},[44,107275,107092],{"class":123},[44,107277,127],{"class":58},[44,107279,130],{"class":123},[44,107281,133],{"class":58},[44,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107285,140],{"class":139},[44,107287,127],{"class":58},[44,107289,145],{"class":123},[44,107291,133],{"class":58},[20,107293,150],{},[35,107295,107297],{"className":37,"code":107296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107298,107299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107302,160],{"class":58},[44,107304,95],{"class":62},[44,107306,66],{"class":58},[44,107308,79],{"class":62},[44,107310,82],{"class":58},[30,107312,437],{"id":436},[20,107314,107315,22593,107317,120],{},[15,107316,2543],{},[197,107318,568],{},[20,107320,107321],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,107323,107325],{"className":37,"code":107324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107326,107327,107347,107367,107371,107389,107393,107403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107328,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107330,51],{"class":50},[44,107332,55],{"class":54},[44,107334,59],{"class":58},[44,107336,63],{"class":62},[44,107338,66],{"class":58},[44,107340,69],{"class":62},[44,107342,66],{"class":58},[44,107344,74],{"class":62},[44,107346,82],{"class":58},[44,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107350,88],{"class":50},[44,107352,55],{"class":54},[44,107354,59],{"class":58},[44,107356,339],{"class":62},[44,107358,66],{"class":58},[44,107360,74],{"class":62},[44,107362,66],{"class":58},[44,107364,79],{"class":62},[44,107366,82],{"class":58},[44,107368,107369],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107370,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107374,112],{"class":50},[44,107376,55],{"class":54},[44,107378,117],{"class":50},[44,107380,120],{"class":58},[44,107382,107092],{"class":123},[44,107384,127],{"class":58},[44,107386,130],{"class":123},[44,107388,133],{"class":58},[44,107390,107391],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107392,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107394,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,107396,140],{"class":139},[44,107398,127],{"class":58},[44,107400,145],{"class":123},[44,107402,133],{"class":58},[44,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,107406,140],{"class":139},[44,107408,127],{"class":58},[44,107410,549],{"class":548},[44,107412,127],{"class":58},[44,107414,145],{"class":123},[44,107416,556],{"class":58},[20,107418,150],{},[35,107420,107422],{"className":37,"code":107421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107423,107424,107436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107425,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107427,160],{"class":58},[44,107429,339],{"class":62},[44,107431,66],{"class":58},[44,107433,74],{"class":62},[44,107435,82],{"class":58},[44,107437,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107439,576],{"class":54},[44,107441,580],{"class":579},[44,107443,584],{"class":583},[44,107445,568],{"class":587},[44,107447,590],{"class":583},[44,107449,593],{"class":54},[20,107451,86434],{},[205,107453,107454,107457],{},[208,107455,107456],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[208,107458,107459],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,107461,613],{"id":612},[20,107463,107464],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,107466,107468],{"className":37,"code":107467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107469,107470,107503,107536,107540,107561,107565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107471,107472,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107473,107474],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,107476,55],{"class":54},[44,107478,59],{"class":58},[44,107480,633],{"class":583},[44,107482,13709],{"class":587},[44,107484,633],{"class":583},[44,107486,66],{"class":58},[44,107488,643],{"class":583},[44,107490,13726],{"class":587},[44,107492,633],{"class":583},[44,107494,66],{"class":58},[44,107496,643],{"class":583},[44,107498,18073],{"class":587},[44,107500,633],{"class":583},[44,107502,82],{"class":58},[44,107504,107505,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107506,107507],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,107509,55],{"class":54},[44,107511,59],{"class":58},[44,107513,633],{"class":583},[44,107515,18073],{"class":587},[44,107517,633],{"class":583},[44,107519,66],{"class":58},[44,107521,643],{"class":583},[44,107523,23142],{"class":587},[44,107525,633],{"class":583},[44,107527,66],{"class":58},[44,107529,643],{"class":583},[44,107531,13726],{"class":587},[44,107533,633],{"class":583},[44,107535,82],{"class":58},[44,107537,107538],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107539,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107541,107542,107545,107547,107550,107552,107554,107556,107559],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107543,107544],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,107546,55],{"class":54},[44,107548,107549],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,107551,120],{"class":58},[44,107553,107092],{"class":123},[44,107555,127],{"class":58},[44,107557,107558],{"class":123},"colors2",[44,107560,133],{"class":58},[44,107562,107563],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107564,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107566,107567,107569,107571,107574],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,107568,140],{"class":139},[44,107570,127],{"class":58},[44,107572,107573],{"class":123},"common_colors",[44,107575,133],{"class":58},[20,107577,150],{},[35,107579,107581],{"className":37,"code":107580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107582,107583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107584,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107586,160],{"class":58},[44,107588,590],{"class":583},[44,107590,13726],{"class":587},[44,107592,590],{"class":583},[44,107594,66],{"class":58},[44,107596,584],{"class":583},[44,107598,18073],{"class":587},[44,107600,590],{"class":583},[44,107602,82],{"class":58},[20,107604,832],{},[205,107606,107607,107613,107617,107622],{},[208,107608,107609,107612],{},[15,107610,107611],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[208,107614,107615,107612],{},[15,107616,107558],{},[208,107618,107619,107621],{},[15,107620,2543],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[208,107623,107624,107625],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107626,107573],{},[30,107628,863,107630,866],{"id":107629},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107631,2543],{},[20,107633,107634,107635,120],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107636,2543],{},[20,107638,107639,107640,107642],{},"Only the values found in ",[197,107641,4335],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,107644,107646],{"className":37,"code":107645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107647,107648,107672,107696,107716,107720,107742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107649,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107651,51],{"class":50},[44,107653,55],{"class":54},[44,107655,59],{"class":58},[44,107657,63],{"class":62},[44,107659,66],{"class":58},[44,107661,69],{"class":62},[44,107663,66],{"class":58},[44,107665,74],{"class":62},[44,107667,66],{"class":58},[44,107669,79],{"class":62},[44,107671,82],{"class":58},[44,107673,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107675,88],{"class":50},[44,107677,55],{"class":54},[44,107679,59],{"class":58},[44,107681,339],{"class":62},[44,107683,66],{"class":58},[44,107685,74],{"class":62},[44,107687,66],{"class":58},[44,107689,79],{"class":62},[44,107691,66],{"class":58},[44,107693,104],{"class":62},[44,107695,82],{"class":58},[44,107697,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107699,350],{"class":50},[44,107701,55],{"class":54},[44,107703,59],{"class":58},[44,107705,95],{"class":62},[44,107707,66],{"class":58},[44,107709,79],{"class":62},[44,107711,66],{"class":58},[44,107713,911],{"class":62},[44,107715,82],{"class":58},[44,107717,107718],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107719,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107721,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738,107740],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107723,112],{"class":50},[44,107725,55],{"class":54},[44,107727,117],{"class":50},[44,107729,120],{"class":58},[44,107731,107092],{"class":123},[44,107733,127],{"class":58},[44,107735,130],{"class":123},[44,107737,66],{"class":58},[44,107739,387],{"class":123},[44,107741,133],{"class":58},[44,107743,107744,107746,107748,107750],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,107745,140],{"class":139},[44,107747,127],{"class":58},[44,107749,145],{"class":123},[44,107751,133],{"class":58},[20,107753,150],{},[35,107755,107756],{"className":37,"code":107296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107757,107758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107759,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107761,160],{"class":58},[44,107763,95],{"class":62},[44,107765,66],{"class":58},[44,107767,79],{"class":62},[44,107769,82],{"class":58},[20,107771,107772],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107774,107775],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,107777,107779],{"className":37,"code":107778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107780,107781,107805,107809,107849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107782,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107784,51],{"class":50},[44,107786,55],{"class":54},[44,107788,59],{"class":58},[44,107790,63],{"class":62},[44,107792,66],{"class":58},[44,107794,69],{"class":62},[44,107796,66],{"class":58},[44,107798,74],{"class":62},[44,107800,66],{"class":58},[44,107802,79],{"class":62},[44,107804,82],{"class":58},[44,107806,107807],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107808,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107810,107811,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107812,112],{"class":50},[44,107814,55],{"class":54},[44,107816,117],{"class":50},[44,107818,120],{"class":58},[44,107820,107092],{"class":123},[44,107822,3609],{"class":58},[44,107824,339],{"class":62},[44,107826,66],{"class":58},[44,107828,79],{"class":62},[44,107830,66],{"class":58},[44,107832,911],{"class":62},[44,107834,18680],{"class":58},[44,107836,9859],{"class":58},[44,107838,63],{"class":62},[44,107840,66],{"class":58},[44,107842,69],{"class":62},[44,107844,66],{"class":58},[44,107846,79],{"class":62},[44,107848,556],{"class":58},[44,107850,107851,107853,107855,107857],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107852,140],{"class":139},[44,107854,127],{"class":58},[44,107856,145],{"class":123},[44,107858,133],{"class":58},[20,107860,150],{},[35,107862,107864],{"className":37,"code":107863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107865,107866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107867,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107869,160],{"class":58},[44,107871,339],{"class":62},[44,107873,66],{"class":58},[44,107875,79],{"class":62},[44,107877,82],{"class":58},[30,107879,107881,1036,107883],{"id":107880},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107882,2543],{},[15,107884,107885],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107887,1042],{},[1044,107889,107890],{"id":107092},[15,107891,2543],{},[205,107893,107894,107896],{},[208,107895,1052],{},[208,107897,1055],{},[35,107899,107901],{"className":37,"code":107900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107902,107903,107923,107943,107947,107965,107969,107979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107904,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107906,51],{"class":50},[44,107908,55],{"class":54},[44,107910,59],{"class":58},[44,107912,63],{"class":62},[44,107914,66],{"class":58},[44,107916,69],{"class":62},[44,107918,66],{"class":58},[44,107920,74],{"class":62},[44,107922,82],{"class":58},[44,107924,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,107926,88],{"class":50},[44,107928,55],{"class":54},[44,107930,59],{"class":58},[44,107932,339],{"class":62},[44,107934,66],{"class":58},[44,107936,74],{"class":62},[44,107938,66],{"class":58},[44,107940,79],{"class":62},[44,107942,82],{"class":58},[44,107944,107945],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,107946,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107948,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,107950,112],{"class":50},[44,107952,55],{"class":54},[44,107954,117],{"class":50},[44,107956,120],{"class":58},[44,107958,107092],{"class":123},[44,107960,127],{"class":58},[44,107962,130],{"class":123},[44,107964,133],{"class":58},[44,107966,107967],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,107968,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,107970,107971,107973,107975,107977],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,107972,140],{"class":139},[44,107974,127],{"class":58},[44,107976,176],{"class":123},[44,107978,133],{"class":58},[44,107980,107981,107983,107985,107987],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,107982,140],{"class":139},[44,107984,127],{"class":58},[44,107986,145],{"class":123},[44,107988,133],{"class":58},[20,107990,150],{},[35,107992,107994],{"className":37,"code":107993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107995,107996,108012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107997,107998,108000,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107999,160],{"class":58},[44,108001,63],{"class":62},[44,108003,66],{"class":58},[44,108005,69],{"class":62},[44,108007,66],{"class":58},[44,108009,74],{"class":62},[44,108011,82],{"class":58},[44,108013,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108015,160],{"class":58},[44,108017,339],{"class":62},[44,108019,66],{"class":58},[44,108021,74],{"class":62},[44,108023,82],{"class":58},[1044,108025,108027],{"id":108026},"intersection_update",[15,108028,107885],{},[205,108030,108031,108033],{},[208,108032,1195],{},[208,108034,108035],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,108037,108039],{"className":37,"code":108038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108040,108041,108061,108081,108085,108099,108103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108042,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108044,51],{"class":50},[44,108046,55],{"class":54},[44,108048,59],{"class":58},[44,108050,63],{"class":62},[44,108052,66],{"class":58},[44,108054,69],{"class":62},[44,108056,66],{"class":58},[44,108058,74],{"class":62},[44,108060,82],{"class":58},[44,108062,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108064,88],{"class":50},[44,108066,55],{"class":54},[44,108068,59],{"class":58},[44,108070,339],{"class":62},[44,108072,66],{"class":58},[44,108074,74],{"class":62},[44,108076,66],{"class":58},[44,108078,79],{"class":62},[44,108080,82],{"class":58},[44,108082,108083],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108084,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108086,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108088,176],{"class":50},[44,108090,120],{"class":58},[44,108092,108026],{"class":123},[44,108094,127],{"class":58},[44,108096,130],{"class":123},[44,108098,133],{"class":58},[44,108100,108101],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,108102,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,108106,140],{"class":139},[44,108108,127],{"class":58},[44,108110,176],{"class":123},[44,108112,133],{"class":58},[20,108114,150],{},[35,108116,108118],{"className":37,"code":108117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108119,108120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108121,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108123,160],{"class":58},[44,108125,339],{"class":62},[44,108127,66],{"class":58},[44,108129,74],{"class":62},[44,108131,82],{"class":58},[20,108133,108134,108135,108137],{},"Choose ",[15,108136,2543],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,108139,1580],{"id":1579},[20,108141,15351,108142,1598],{},[15,108143,2543],{},[205,108145,108146,108149,108152,108155],{},[208,108147,108148],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[208,108150,108151],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[208,108153,108154],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[208,108156,108157,108158],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108159,2543],{},[20,108161,108162],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[205,108164,108165,108170,108173,108186],{},[208,108166,863,108167,108169],{},[15,108168,2543],{}," when order matters",[208,108171,108172],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[208,108174,37826,108175,9326,108177,428,108182],{},[15,108176,2543],{},[176,108178,108180],{"href":108179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108181,2552],{},[176,108183,108184],{"href":2595},[15,108185,17],{},[208,108187,108188],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108190,30754],{},[35,108192,108194],{"className":37,"code":108193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108195,108196,108206,108220,108238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108197,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108199,140],{"class":139},[44,108201,127],{"class":58},[44,108203,16284],{"class":123},[44,108205,133],{"class":58},[44,108207,108208,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108209,140],{"class":139},[44,108211,127],{"class":58},[44,108213,549],{"class":548},[44,108215,127],{"class":58},[44,108217,145],{"class":123},[44,108219,556],{"class":58},[44,108221,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108223,140],{"class":139},[44,108225,127],{"class":58},[44,108227,247],{"class":123},[44,108229,120],{"class":58},[44,108231,107092],{"class":123},[44,108233,127],{"class":58},[44,108235,256],{"class":123},[44,108237,556],{"class":58},[44,108239,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108241,140],{"class":139},[44,108243,127],{"class":58},[44,108245,2441],{"class":139},[44,108247,127],{"class":58},[44,108249,145],{"class":123},[44,108251,556],{"class":58},[20,108253,295],{},[35,108255,108257],{"className":37,"code":108256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108258,108259,108283,108303,108307,108325,108329,108339,108349,108363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108260,108261,108263,108265,108267,108269,108271,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108262,884],{"class":50},[44,108264,55],{"class":54},[44,108266,59],{"class":58},[44,108268,63],{"class":62},[44,108270,66],{"class":58},[44,108272,69],{"class":62},[44,108274,66],{"class":58},[44,108276,69],{"class":62},[44,108278,66],{"class":58},[44,108280,74],{"class":62},[44,108282,82],{"class":58},[44,108284,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108286,44173],{"class":50},[44,108288,55],{"class":54},[44,108290,59],{"class":58},[44,108292,339],{"class":62},[44,108294,66],{"class":58},[44,108296,74],{"class":62},[44,108298,66],{"class":58},[44,108300,79],{"class":62},[44,108302,82],{"class":58},[44,108304,108305],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108306,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108308,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108310,112],{"class":50},[44,108312,55],{"class":54},[44,108314,975],{"class":50},[44,108316,120],{"class":58},[44,108318,107092],{"class":123},[44,108320,127],{"class":58},[44,108322,31362],{"class":123},[44,108324,133],{"class":58},[44,108326,108327],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,108328,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108330,108331,108333,108335,108337],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,108332,140],{"class":139},[44,108334,127],{"class":58},[44,108336,4268],{"class":123},[44,108338,133],{"class":58},[44,108340,108341,108343,108345,108347],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,108342,140],{"class":139},[44,108344,127],{"class":58},[44,108346,145],{"class":123},[44,108348,133],{"class":58},[44,108350,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,108352,140],{"class":139},[44,108354,127],{"class":58},[44,108356,549],{"class":548},[44,108358,127],{"class":58},[44,108360,145],{"class":123},[44,108362,556],{"class":58},[44,108364,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,108366,140],{"class":139},[44,108368,127],{"class":58},[44,108370,2441],{"class":139},[44,108372,127],{"class":58},[44,108374,145],{"class":123},[44,108376,556],{"class":58},[20,108378,150],{},[35,108380,108382],{"className":37,"code":108381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108383,108384,108400,108412,108426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108385,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108387,160],{"class":58},[44,108389,63],{"class":62},[44,108391,66],{"class":58},[44,108393,69],{"class":62},[44,108395,66],{"class":58},[44,108397,74],{"class":62},[44,108399,82],{"class":58},[44,108401,108402,108404,108406,108408,108410],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108403,160],{"class":58},[44,108405,339],{"class":62},[44,108407,66],{"class":58},[44,108409,74],{"class":62},[44,108411,82],{"class":58},[44,108413,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108415,576],{"class":54},[44,108417,580],{"class":579},[44,108419,584],{"class":583},[44,108421,568],{"class":587},[44,108423,590],{"class":583},[44,108425,593],{"class":54},[44,108427,108428],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108429,17675],{"class":62},[20,108431,108432,108433,108435],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108434,339],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,108437,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,108439,2482,108441,2485],{"id":108440},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108442,2543],{},[20,108444,2488],{},[1044,108446,5788,108448,108450],{"id":108447},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108449,2543],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108452,108453],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1044,108455,108457],{"id":108456},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108459,108460],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1044,108462,108464],{"id":108463},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108466,108467],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,108469,108470],{"className":37,"code":98076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108471,108472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108473,108474,108476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108475,568],{"class":548},[44,108477,571],{"class":58},[30,108479,2528],{"id":2527},[205,108481,108482,108486,108493,108499],{},[208,108483,108484],{},[176,108485,228],{"href":96948},[208,108487,108488],{},[176,108489,4197,108490,2544],{"href":108179},[15,108491,108492],{},"set.union()",[208,108494,108495],{},[176,108496,4197,108497,2544],{"href":2595},[15,108498,24],{},[208,108500,108501],{},[176,108502,100960],{"href":105792},[2554,108504,108505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":108507},[108508,108510,108511,108512,108513,108515,108520,108521,108529],{"id":107121,"depth":85,"text":108509},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":107629,"depth":85,"text":108514},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107880,"depth":85,"text":108516,"children":108517},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108518,108519],{"id":107092,"depth":109,"text":2543},{"id":108026,"depth":109,"text":107885},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":108522},[108523,108525,108527,108528],{"id":108440,"depth":109,"text":108524},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108447,"depth":109,"text":108526},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108456,"depth":109,"text":108457},{"id":108463,"depth":109,"text":108464},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107014,"description":108530},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108537,"title":108538,"body":108539,"description":109775,"extension":2593,"meta":109776,"navigation":364,"path":109777,"seo":109778,"stem":109779,"__hash__":109780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108540,"toc":109742},[108541,108546,108552,108561,108563,108638,108643,108658,108668,108673,108677,108690,108694,108696,108711,108713,108729,108731,108806,108810,108813,108815,108832,108837,108892,108897,108909,108913,108916,109017,109019,109060,109063,109067,109074,109076,109101,109104,109122,109129,109135,109138,109220,109227,109230,109310,109319,109322,109327,109331,109345,109394,109399,109403,109414,109463,109474,109479,109483,109495,109544,109555,109557,109561,109584,109586,109643,109645,109659,109661,109667,109673,109679,109688,109692,109699,109703,109711,109713,109739],[10,108542,13,108544,18],{"id":108543},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108545,13379],{},[20,108547,108548,108551],{},[15,108549,108550],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108553,108554,108555,108557,108558,108560],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[197,108556,199],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108559,13379],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,108562,2634],{"id":2633},[35,108564,108566],{"className":37,"code":108565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108567,108568,108600,108614,108618,108628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108569,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596,108598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108571,8399],{"class":50},[44,108573,55],{"class":54},[44,108575,59],{"class":58},[44,108577,633],{"class":583},[44,108579,636],{"class":587},[44,108581,633],{"class":583},[44,108583,66],{"class":58},[44,108585,643],{"class":583},[44,108587,646],{"class":587},[44,108589,633],{"class":583},[44,108591,66],{"class":58},[44,108593,643],{"class":583},[44,108595,4717],{"class":587},[44,108597,633],{"class":583},[44,108599,82],{"class":58},[44,108601,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108603,70558],{"class":50},[44,108605,55],{"class":54},[44,108607,6584],{"class":50},[44,108609,120],{"class":58},[44,108611,26860],{"class":123},[44,108613,571],{"class":58},[44,108615,108616],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108617,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108619,108620,108622,108624,108626],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108621,140],{"class":139},[44,108623,127],{"class":58},[44,108625,70581],{"class":123},[44,108627,133],{"class":58},[44,108629,108630,108632,108634,108636],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,108631,140],{"class":139},[44,108633,127],{"class":58},[44,108635,8430],{"class":123},[44,108637,133],{"class":58},[20,108639,108640],{},[197,108641,108642],{},"What this does:",[205,108644,108645,108650,108655],{},[208,108646,108647,108648],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108649,8430],{},[208,108651,108652,108653],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108654,70581],{},[208,108656,108657],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108659,108660,89585,108662,108664,108665,108667],{},[197,108661,84443],{},[15,108663,108550],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[197,108666,199],{}," chosen by index.",[30,108669,186,108671,189],{"id":108670},"what-setpop-does",[15,108672,108550],{},[20,108674,108675,1598],{},[15,108676,108550],{},[205,108678,108679,108681,108684,108687],{},[208,108680,103491],{},[208,108682,108683],{},"Returns the removed item",[208,108685,108686],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[208,108688,108689],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108691,224,108692,120],{},[176,108693,228],{"href":227},[30,108695,234],{"id":233},[35,108697,108699],{"className":37,"code":108698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108700,108701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108702,108703,108705,108707,108709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108704,16284],{"class":50},[44,108706,120],{"class":58},[44,108708,26860],{"class":123},[44,108710,571],{"class":58},[20,108712,203],{},[205,108714,108715,108721,108726],{},[208,108716,108717,108718],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108719,108720],{},"my_set.pop()",[208,108722,108723,108724],{},"It takes ",[197,108725,29307],{},[208,108727,108728],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108730,295],{},[35,108732,108734],{"className":37,"code":108733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108735,108736,108768,108782,108786,108796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108739,13692],{"class":50},[44,108741,55],{"class":54},[44,108743,59],{"class":58},[44,108745,633],{"class":583},[44,108747,13709],{"class":587},[44,108749,633],{"class":583},[44,108751,66],{"class":58},[44,108753,643],{"class":583},[44,108755,13726],{"class":587},[44,108757,633],{"class":583},[44,108759,66],{"class":58},[44,108761,643],{"class":583},[44,108763,18073],{"class":587},[44,108765,633],{"class":583},[44,108767,82],{"class":58},[44,108769,108770,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108771,29157],{"class":50},[44,108773,55],{"class":54},[44,108775,13740],{"class":50},[44,108777,120],{"class":58},[44,108779,26860],{"class":123},[44,108781,571],{"class":58},[44,108783,108784],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108785,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108787,108788,108790,108792,108794],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108789,140],{"class":139},[44,108791,127],{"class":58},[44,108793,23928],{"class":123},[44,108795,133],{"class":58},[44,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,108799,140],{"class":139},[44,108801,127],{"class":58},[44,108803,18120],{"class":123},[44,108805,133],{"class":58},[30,108807,108809],{"id":108808},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108811,108812],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108814,2735],{},[205,108816,108817,108823,108826],{},[208,108818,108819,108820,108822],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108821,13379],{}," removes",[208,108824,108825],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[208,108827,108828,108829,108831],{},"You should not use ",[15,108830,13379],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108833,11081,108834,108836],{},[197,108835,199],{}," valid:",[35,108838,108840],{"className":37,"code":108839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108841,108842,108874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108843,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108845,36861],{"class":50},[44,108847,55],{"class":54},[44,108849,59],{"class":58},[44,108851,633],{"class":583},[44,108853,636],{"class":587},[44,108855,633],{"class":583},[44,108857,66],{"class":58},[44,108859,643],{"class":583},[44,108861,646],{"class":587},[44,108863,633],{"class":583},[44,108865,66],{"class":58},[44,108867,643],{"class":583},[44,108869,4717],{"class":587},[44,108871,633],{"class":583},[44,108873,82],{"class":58},[44,108875,108876,108878,108880,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108877,36913],{"class":50},[44,108879,120],{"class":58},[44,108881,26860],{"class":123},[44,108883,127],{"class":58},[44,108885,633],{"class":583},[44,108887,636],{"class":587},[44,108889,633],{"class":583},[44,108891,133],{"class":58},[20,108893,40276,108894,108896],{},[15,108895,108550],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108898,108899,108900,428,108904,120],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[176,108901,108902],{"href":98826},[15,108903,103317],{},[176,108905,108907],{"href":108906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108908,103308],{},[30,108910,108912],{"id":108911},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108914,108915],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108917,108919],{"className":37,"code":108918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108920,108921,108955,108959,108975,108979,108998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108922,108923,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938,108940,108942,108944,108946,108948,108951,108953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108924,108925],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108927,55],{"class":54},[44,108929,59],{"class":58},[44,108931,633],{"class":583},[44,108933,2122],{"class":587},[44,108935,633],{"class":583},[44,108937,66],{"class":58},[44,108939,643],{"class":583},[44,108941,2131],{"class":587},[44,108943,633],{"class":583},[44,108945,66],{"class":58},[44,108947,643],{"class":583},[44,108949,108950],{"class":587},"rabbit",[44,108952,633],{"class":583},[44,108954,82],{"class":58},[44,108956,108957],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,108958,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108960,108961,108964,108966,108969,108971,108973],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,108962,108963],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108965,55],{"class":54},[44,108967,108968],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108970,120],{"class":58},[44,108972,26860],{"class":123},[44,108974,571],{"class":58},[44,108976,108977],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,108978,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,108980,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108996],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,108982,140],{"class":139},[44,108984,127],{"class":58},[44,108986,633],{"class":583},[44,108988,29575],{"class":587},[44,108990,633],{"class":583},[44,108992,66],{"class":58},[44,108994,108995],{"class":123}," removed_animal",[44,108997,133],{"class":58},[44,108999,109000,109002,109004,109006,109009,109011,109013,109015],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,109001,140],{"class":139},[44,109003,127],{"class":58},[44,109005,633],{"class":583},[44,109007,109008],{"class":587},"Updated set:",[44,109010,633],{"class":583},[44,109012,66],{"class":58},[44,109014,108968],{"class":123},[44,109016,133],{"class":58},[20,109018,756],{},[35,109020,109022],{"className":37,"code":109021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109023,109024,109033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109025,109026,109028,109030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109027,29617],{"class":50},[44,109029,1598],{"class":58},[44,109031,109032],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,109034,109035,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109036,109037],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,109039,568],{"class":548},[44,109041,1598],{"class":58},[44,109043,59],{"class":58},[44,109045,590],{"class":583},[44,109047,2122],{"class":587},[44,109049,590],{"class":583},[44,109051,66],{"class":58},[44,109053,584],{"class":583},[44,109055,108950],{"class":587},[44,109057,590],{"class":583},[44,109059,82],{"class":58},[20,109061,109062],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,109064,109066],{"id":109065},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109068,30269,109069,109071,109072,120],{},[15,109070,13379],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109073,20305],{},[20,109075,295],{},[35,109077,109079],{"className":37,"code":109078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109080,109081,109091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109082,109083,109085,109087,109089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109084,8399],{"class":50},[44,109086,55],{"class":54},[44,109088,2050],{"class":548},[44,109090,571],{"class":58},[44,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109094,8430],{"class":50},[44,109096,120],{"class":58},[44,109098,26860],{"class":123},[44,109100,571],{"class":58},[20,109102,109103],{},"This raises:",[35,109105,109107],{"className":37,"code":109106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109108,109109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109110,109111,109113,109115,109117,109120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109112,20305],{"class":548},[44,109114,1598],{"class":58},[44,109116,584],{"class":583},[44,109118,109119],{"class":587},"pop from an empty set",[44,109121,30319],{"class":583},[20,109123,109124,109125,109128],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[176,109126,109127],{"href":11693},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1044,109130,109132,109133],{"id":109131},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109134,13379],{},[20,109136,109137],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,109139,109141],{"className":37,"code":109140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109142,109143,109153,109157,109165,109180,109199,109205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109144,109145,109147,109149,109151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109146,8399],{"class":50},[44,109148,55],{"class":54},[44,109150,2050],{"class":548},[44,109152,571],{"class":58},[44,109154,109155],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109156,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,109158,109159,109161,109163],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109160,7615],{"class":4496},[44,109162,6584],{"class":50},[44,109164,7011],{"class":58},[44,109166,109167,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,109168,109169],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,109171,55],{"class":54},[44,109173,6584],{"class":50},[44,109175,120],{"class":58},[44,109177,26860],{"class":123},[44,109179,571],{"class":58},[44,109181,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109197],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,109183,8690],{"class":139},[44,109185,127],{"class":58},[44,109187,633],{"class":583},[44,109189,29575],{"class":587},[44,109191,633],{"class":583},[44,109193,66],{"class":58},[44,109195,109196],{"class":123}," removed",[44,109198,133],{"class":58},[44,109200,109201,109203],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,109202,28053],{"class":4496},[44,109204,7011],{"class":58},[44,109206,109207,109209,109211,109213,109216,109218],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,109208,8690],{"class":139},[44,109210,127],{"class":58},[44,109212,633],{"class":583},[44,109214,109215],{"class":587},"The set is empty.",[44,109217,633],{"class":583},[44,109219,133],{"class":58},[1044,109221,1296,109223,2495,109225],{"id":109222},"use-try-and-except",[15,109224,30423],{},[15,109226,30454],{},[20,109228,109229],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,109231,109233],{"className":37,"code":109232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109234,109235,109245,109249,109255,109269,109287,109295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109236,109237,109239,109241,109243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109238,8399],{"class":50},[44,109240,55],{"class":54},[44,109242,2050],{"class":548},[44,109244,571],{"class":58},[44,109246,109247],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109248,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,109250,109251,109253],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109252,30423],{"class":4496},[44,109254,7011],{"class":58},[44,109256,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,109258,109169],{"class":50},[44,109260,55],{"class":54},[44,109262,6584],{"class":50},[44,109264,120],{"class":58},[44,109266,26860],{"class":123},[44,109268,571],{"class":58},[44,109270,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,109272,8690],{"class":139},[44,109274,127],{"class":58},[44,109276,633],{"class":583},[44,109278,29575],{"class":587},[44,109280,633],{"class":583},[44,109282,66],{"class":58},[44,109284,109196],{"class":123},[44,109286,133],{"class":58},[44,109288,109289,109291,109293],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,109290,30454],{"class":4496},[44,109292,30457],{"class":548},[44,109294,7011],{"class":58},[44,109296,109297,109299,109301,109303,109306,109308],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,109298,8690],{"class":139},[44,109300,127],{"class":58},[44,109302,633],{"class":583},[44,109304,109305],{"class":587},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,109307,633],{"class":583},[44,109309,133],{"class":58},[30,109311,5578,109313,1036,109315,1036,109317],{"id":109312},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109314,13379],{},[15,109316,56154],{},[15,109318,103303],{},[20,109320,109321],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1044,109323,1296,109325],{"id":109324},"use-pop",[15,109326,13379],{},[20,109328,1296,109329,11220],{},[15,109330,13379],{},[205,109332,109333,109339,109342],{},[208,109334,109335,109336],{},"You want to remove ",[197,109337,109338],{},"any one item",[208,109340,109341],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[208,109343,109344],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,109346,109348],{"className":37,"code":109347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109349,109350,109370,109384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109351,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109353,884],{"class":50},[44,109355,55],{"class":54},[44,109357,59],{"class":58},[44,109359,63],{"class":62},[44,109361,66],{"class":58},[44,109363,69],{"class":62},[44,109365,66],{"class":58},[44,109367,74],{"class":62},[44,109369,82],{"class":58},[44,109371,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109373,3075],{"class":50},[44,109375,55],{"class":54},[44,109377,975],{"class":50},[44,109379,120],{"class":58},[44,109381,26860],{"class":123},[44,109383,571],{"class":58},[44,109385,109386,109388,109390,109392],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109387,140],{"class":139},[44,109389,127],{"class":58},[44,109391,3100],{"class":123},[44,109393,133],{"class":58},[1044,109395,1296,109397],{"id":109396},"use-remove",[15,109398,56154],{},[20,109400,1296,109401,11220],{},[15,109402,56154],{},[205,109404,109405,109411],{},[208,109406,109407,109408],{},"You want to delete a ",[197,109409,109410],{},"specific item",[208,109412,109413],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,109415,109417],{"className":37,"code":109416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109418,109419,109439,109453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109420,109421,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109422,884],{"class":50},[44,109424,55],{"class":54},[44,109426,59],{"class":58},[44,109428,63],{"class":62},[44,109430,66],{"class":58},[44,109432,69],{"class":62},[44,109434,66],{"class":58},[44,109436,74],{"class":62},[44,109438,82],{"class":58},[44,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109442,4268],{"class":50},[44,109444,120],{"class":58},[44,109446,35414],{"class":123},[44,109448,127],{"class":58},[44,109450,339],{"class":62},[44,109452,133],{"class":58},[44,109454,109455,109457,109459,109461],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109456,140],{"class":139},[44,109458,127],{"class":58},[44,109460,4268],{"class":123},[44,109462,133],{"class":58},[20,109464,109465,109466,109468,109469,109473],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109467,56154],{}," raises an error. See the ",[176,109470,109471,2544],{"href":98826},[15,109472,103317],{}," for details.",[1044,109475,1296,109477],{"id":109476},"use-discard",[15,109478,103303],{},[20,109480,1296,109481,11220],{},[15,109482,103303],{},[205,109484,109485,109489],{},[208,109486,109407,109487],{},[197,109488,109410],{},[208,109490,109491,109492,109494],{},"You do ",[197,109493,199],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,109496,109498],{"className":37,"code":109497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109499,109500,109520,109534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109501,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109503,884],{"class":50},[44,109505,55],{"class":54},[44,109507,59],{"class":58},[44,109509,63],{"class":62},[44,109511,66],{"class":58},[44,109513,69],{"class":62},[44,109515,66],{"class":58},[44,109517,74],{"class":62},[44,109519,82],{"class":58},[44,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109523,4268],{"class":50},[44,109525,120],{"class":58},[44,109527,103370],{"class":123},[44,109529,127],{"class":58},[44,109531,357],{"class":62},[44,109533,133],{"class":58},[44,109535,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109537,140],{"class":139},[44,109539,127],{"class":58},[44,109541,4268],{"class":123},[44,109543,133],{"class":58},[20,109545,109546,109547,109549,109550,109554],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109548,357],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[176,109551,109552,2544],{"href":108906},[15,109553,103308],{}," for more examples.",[30,109556,3454],{"id":3453},[20,109558,72104,109559,1598],{},[15,109560,108550],{},[205,109562,109563,109569,109574,109579],{},[208,109564,109565,109566],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109567,109568],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[208,109570,9075,109571,109573],{},[15,109572,13379],{}," to remove the first or last item",[208,109575,30269,109576,109578],{},[15,109577,13379],{}," on an empty set",[208,109580,863,109581,109583],{},[15,109582,13379],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109585,62918],{},[35,109587,109589],{"className":37,"code":109588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109590,109591,109601,109615,109629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109592,109593,109595,109597,109599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109594,140],{"class":139},[44,109596,127],{"class":58},[44,109598,16284],{"class":123},[44,109600,133],{"class":58},[44,109602,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109604,140],{"class":139},[44,109606,127],{"class":58},[44,109608,2441],{"class":139},[44,109610,127],{"class":58},[44,109612,16284],{"class":123},[44,109614,556],{"class":58},[44,109616,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109618,140],{"class":139},[44,109620,127],{"class":58},[44,109622,549],{"class":548},[44,109624,127],{"class":58},[44,109626,16284],{"class":123},[44,109628,556],{"class":58},[44,109630,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,109632,29157],{"class":50},[44,109634,55],{"class":54},[44,109636,97542],{"class":50},[44,109638,120],{"class":58},[44,109640,26860],{"class":123},[44,109642,571],{"class":58},[20,109644,26627],{},[205,109646,109647,109650,109653,109656],{},[208,109648,109649],{},"What values are in the set",[208,109651,109652],{},"Whether the set is empty",[208,109654,109655],{},"That the object is really a set",[208,109657,109658],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,109660,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,109662,2482,109664,109666],{"id":109663},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109665,108550],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109668,109669,109670,109672],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109671,13379],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1044,109674,109676,109677,1447],{"id":109675},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109678,108550],{},[20,109680,109681,109682,109684,109685,109687],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109683,13379],{},", set ",[15,109686,13379],{}," does not accept an index.",[1044,109689,109691],{"id":109690},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109693,72273,109694,45253,109696,109698],{},[15,109695,20305],{},[15,109697,13379],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1044,109700,109702],{"id":109701},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109704,1296,109705,428,109707,11711,109709,120],{},[15,109706,56154],{},[15,109708,103303],{},[15,109710,13379],{},[30,109712,2528],{"id":2527},[205,109714,109715,109719,109725,109731,109735],{},[208,109716,109717],{},[176,109718,228],{"href":227},[208,109720,109721],{},[176,109722,2540,109723,2544],{"href":98826},[15,109724,56154],{},[208,109726,109727],{},[176,109728,2540,109729,2544],{"href":108906},[15,109730,103303],{},[208,109732,109733],{},[176,109734,11880],{"href":11693},[208,109736,109737],{},[176,109738,56140],{"href":55693},[2554,109740,109741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":109743},[109744,109745,109747,109748,109749,109750,109756,109765,109766,109774],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":108670,"depth":85,"text":109746},"What set.pop() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":108808,"depth":85,"text":108809},{"id":108911,"depth":85,"text":108912},{"id":109065,"depth":85,"text":109066,"children":109751},[109752,109754],{"id":109131,"depth":109,"text":109753},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109222,"depth":109,"text":109755},"Use try and except",{"id":109312,"depth":85,"text":109757,"children":109758},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109759,109761,109763],{"id":109324,"depth":109,"text":109760},"Use pop()",{"id":109396,"depth":109,"text":109762},"Use remove()",{"id":109476,"depth":109,"text":109764},"Use discard()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":109767},[109768,109770,109772,109773],{"id":109663,"depth":109,"text":109769},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109675,"depth":109,"text":109771},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109690,"depth":109,"text":109691},{"id":109701,"depth":109,"text":109702},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108538,"description":109775},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109782,"title":109783,"body":109784,"description":110938,"extension":2593,"meta":110939,"navigation":364,"path":110940,"seo":110941,"stem":110942,"__hash__":110943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109785,"toc":110906},[109786,109791,109796,109805,109807,109872,109876,109900,109907,109912,109916,109931,109934,109936,109955,109969,109972,110020,110024,110040,110042,110115,110119,110144,110150,110158,110162,110169,110224,110229,110246,110252,110258,110263,110271,110278,110282,110290,110345,110347,110364,110368,110375,110440,110444,110477,110479,110491,110498,110500,110505,110512,110514,110583,110587,110595,110597,110661,110665,110670,110717,110722,110790,110798,110805,110808,110814,110819,110823,110825,110828,110830,110835,110840,110846,110851,110858,110866,110872,110875,110877,110903],[10,109787,13,109789,18],{"id":109788},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109790,56154],{},[20,109792,109793,109795],{},[15,109794,103317],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109797,109798,109799,109802,109803,120],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[197,109800,109801],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109804,20305],{},[30,109806,2634],{"id":2633},[35,109808,109810],{"className":37,"code":109809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109811,109812,109844,109862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109813,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109815,13692],{"class":50},[44,109817,55],{"class":54},[44,109819,59],{"class":58},[44,109821,633],{"class":583},[44,109823,13709],{"class":587},[44,109825,633],{"class":583},[44,109827,66],{"class":58},[44,109829,643],{"class":583},[44,109831,13726],{"class":587},[44,109833,633],{"class":583},[44,109835,66],{"class":58},[44,109837,643],{"class":583},[44,109839,18073],{"class":587},[44,109841,633],{"class":583},[44,109843,82],{"class":58},[44,109845,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109847,18120],{"class":50},[44,109849,120],{"class":58},[44,109851,35414],{"class":123},[44,109853,127],{"class":58},[44,109855,633],{"class":583},[44,109857,13726],{"class":587},[44,109859,633],{"class":583},[44,109861,133],{"class":58},[44,109863,109864,109866,109868,109870],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,109865,140],{"class":139},[44,109867,127],{"class":58},[44,109869,18120],{"class":123},[44,109871,133],{"class":58},[20,109873,109874],{},[197,109875,756],{},[35,109877,109878],{"className":37,"code":103997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109879,109880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109881,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109883,160],{"class":58},[44,109885,590],{"class":583},[44,109887,13709],{"class":587},[44,109889,590],{"class":583},[44,109891,66],{"class":58},[44,109893,584],{"class":583},[44,109895,18073],{"class":587},[44,109897,590],{"class":583},[44,109899,82],{"class":58},[20,109901,1296,109902,109904,109905,120],{},[15,109903,56154],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109906,20305],{},[30,109908,186,109910,189],{"id":109909},"what-setremove-does",[15,109911,103317],{},[20,109913,109914,1598],{},[15,109915,103317],{},[205,109917,109918,109921,109923,109925],{},[208,109919,109920],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[208,109922,96938],{},[208,109924,1198],{},[208,109926,109927,109928,109930],{},"Raises ",[15,109929,20305],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109932,109933],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109935,234],{"id":233},[35,109937,109939],{"className":37,"code":109938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109940,109941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109942,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109944,16284],{"class":50},[44,109946,120],{"class":58},[44,109948,35414],{"class":123},[44,109950,127],{"class":58},[44,109952,3100],{"class":123},[44,109954,133],{"class":58},[205,109956,109957,109961,109966],{},[208,109958,109959,103539],{},[15,109960,16284],{},[208,109962,109963,109965],{},[15,109964,3100],{}," is the item to remove",[208,109967,109968],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109970,109971],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109973,109974],{"className":37,"code":109416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109975,109976,109996,110010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109977,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109979,884],{"class":50},[44,109981,55],{"class":54},[44,109983,59],{"class":58},[44,109985,63],{"class":62},[44,109987,66],{"class":58},[44,109989,69],{"class":62},[44,109991,66],{"class":58},[44,109993,74],{"class":62},[44,109995,82],{"class":58},[44,109997,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,109999,4268],{"class":50},[44,110001,120],{"class":58},[44,110003,35414],{"class":123},[44,110005,127],{"class":58},[44,110007,339],{"class":62},[44,110009,133],{"class":58},[44,110011,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110013,140],{"class":139},[44,110015,127],{"class":58},[44,110017,4268],{"class":123},[44,110019,133],{"class":58},[20,110021,110022],{},[197,110023,756],{},[35,110025,110026],{"className":37,"code":1011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110027,110028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110029,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110031,160],{"class":58},[44,110033,63],{"class":62},[44,110035,66],{"class":58},[44,110037,74],{"class":62},[44,110039,82],{"class":58},[30,110041,613],{"id":612},[35,110043,110045],{"className":37,"code":110044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110046,110047,110079,110083,110101,110105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110048,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110050,36861],{"class":50},[44,110052,55],{"class":54},[44,110054,59],{"class":58},[44,110056,633],{"class":583},[44,110058,636],{"class":587},[44,110060,633],{"class":583},[44,110062,66],{"class":58},[44,110064,643],{"class":583},[44,110066,646],{"class":587},[44,110068,633],{"class":583},[44,110070,66],{"class":58},[44,110072,643],{"class":583},[44,110074,655],{"class":587},[44,110076,633],{"class":583},[44,110078,82],{"class":58},[44,110080,110081],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110082,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,110084,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110086,36913],{"class":50},[44,110088,120],{"class":58},[44,110090,35414],{"class":123},[44,110092,127],{"class":58},[44,110094,633],{"class":583},[44,110096,646],{"class":587},[44,110098,633],{"class":583},[44,110100,133],{"class":58},[44,110102,110103],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,110104,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,110106,110107,110109,110111,110113],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,110108,140],{"class":139},[44,110110,127],{"class":58},[44,110112,36913],{"class":123},[44,110114,133],{"class":58},[20,110116,110117],{},[197,110118,756],{},[35,110120,110122],{"className":37,"code":110121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110123,110124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110125,110126,110128,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110127,160],{"class":58},[44,110129,590],{"class":583},[44,110131,636],{"class":587},[44,110133,590],{"class":583},[44,110135,66],{"class":58},[44,110137,584],{"class":583},[44,110139,655],{"class":587},[44,110141,590],{"class":583},[44,110143,82],{"class":58},[20,110145,110146,110147,110149],{},"This removes ",[15,110148,65898],{}," from the set.",[20,110151,110152,110153,110155,110156,120],{},"A set does ",[197,110154,199],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[176,110157,96952],{"href":98500},[30,110159,110161],{"id":110160},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110163,110164,110165,53120,110167,120],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110166,56154],{},[15,110168,20305],{},[35,110170,110172],{"className":37,"code":110171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110173,110174,110206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110175,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110177,13692],{"class":50},[44,110179,55],{"class":54},[44,110181,59],{"class":58},[44,110183,633],{"class":583},[44,110185,13709],{"class":587},[44,110187,633],{"class":583},[44,110189,66],{"class":58},[44,110191,643],{"class":583},[44,110193,13726],{"class":587},[44,110195,633],{"class":583},[44,110197,66],{"class":58},[44,110199,643],{"class":583},[44,110201,18073],{"class":587},[44,110203,633],{"class":583},[44,110205,82],{"class":58},[44,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110209,18120],{"class":50},[44,110211,120],{"class":58},[44,110213,35414],{"class":123},[44,110215,127],{"class":58},[44,110217,633],{"class":583},[44,110219,23142],{"class":587},[44,110221,633],{"class":583},[44,110223,133],{"class":58},[20,110225,110226],{},[197,110227,110228],{},"Result:",[35,110230,110232],{"className":37,"code":110231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110233,110234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110235,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110237,20305],{"class":548},[44,110239,1598],{"class":58},[44,110241,584],{"class":583},[44,110243,23142],{"class":587},[44,110245,30319],{"class":583},[20,110247,22807,110248,110251],{},[15,110249,110250],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110253,110254,110255,110257],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110256,56154],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110259,110260,110261,120],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[176,110262,11880],{"href":11693},[30,110264,4819,110266,110268,110269],{"id":110265},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110267,56154],{}," is different from ",[15,110270,103303],{},[20,110272,110273,2495,110275,110277],{},[15,110274,56154],{},[15,110276,103303],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1044,110279,110280],{"id":35414},[15,110281,56154],{},[205,110283,110284,110287],{},[208,110285,110286],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[208,110288,110289],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,110291,110293],{"className":37,"code":110292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110294,110295,110327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110296,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110298,36712],{"class":50},[44,110300,55],{"class":54},[44,110302,59],{"class":58},[44,110304,633],{"class":583},[44,110306,176],{"class":587},[44,110308,633],{"class":583},[44,110310,66],{"class":58},[44,110312,643],{"class":583},[44,110314,130],{"class":587},[44,110316,633],{"class":583},[44,110318,66],{"class":58},[44,110320,643],{"class":583},[44,110322,431],{"class":587},[44,110324,633],{"class":583},[44,110326,82],{"class":58},[44,110328,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110330,36765],{"class":50},[44,110332,120],{"class":58},[44,110334,35414],{"class":123},[44,110336,127],{"class":58},[44,110338,633],{"class":583},[44,110340,19386],{"class":587},[44,110342,633],{"class":583},[44,110344,133],{"class":58},[20,110346,109103],{},[35,110348,110350],{"className":37,"code":110349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110351,110352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110353,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110355,20305],{"class":548},[44,110357,1598],{"class":58},[44,110359,584],{"class":583},[44,110361,19386],{"class":587},[44,110363,30319],{"class":583},[1044,110365,110366],{"id":103370},[15,110367,103303],{},[205,110369,110370,110372],{},[208,110371,110286],{},[208,110373,110374],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,110376,110378],{"className":37,"code":110377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110379,110380,110412,110430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110381,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110383,36712],{"class":50},[44,110385,55],{"class":54},[44,110387,59],{"class":58},[44,110389,633],{"class":583},[44,110391,176],{"class":587},[44,110393,633],{"class":583},[44,110395,66],{"class":58},[44,110397,643],{"class":583},[44,110399,130],{"class":587},[44,110401,633],{"class":583},[44,110403,66],{"class":58},[44,110405,643],{"class":583},[44,110407,431],{"class":587},[44,110409,633],{"class":583},[44,110411,82],{"class":58},[44,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110415,36765],{"class":50},[44,110417,120],{"class":58},[44,110419,103370],{"class":123},[44,110421,127],{"class":58},[44,110423,633],{"class":583},[44,110425,19386],{"class":587},[44,110427,633],{"class":583},[44,110429,133],{"class":58},[44,110431,110432,110434,110436,110438],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110433,140],{"class":139},[44,110435,127],{"class":58},[44,110437,36765],{"class":123},[44,110439,133],{"class":58},[20,110441,110442],{},[197,110443,150],{},[35,110445,110447],{"className":37,"code":110446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110448,110449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110450,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110452,160],{"class":58},[44,110454,590],{"class":583},[44,110456,176],{"class":587},[44,110458,590],{"class":583},[44,110460,66],{"class":58},[44,110462,584],{"class":583},[44,110464,130],{"class":587},[44,110466,590],{"class":583},[44,110468,66],{"class":58},[44,110470,584],{"class":583},[44,110472,431],{"class":587},[44,110474,590],{"class":583},[44,110476,82],{"class":58},[20,110478,19313],{},[205,110480,110481,110486],{},[208,110482,110483,110485],{},[15,110484,56154],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[208,110487,110488,110490],{},[15,110489,103303],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110492,110493,110494,120],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[176,110495,2540,110496,2544],{"href":108906},[15,110497,103303],{},[30,110499,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,110501,9075,110503,97812],{"id":110502},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110504,56154],{},[20,110506,110507,110509,110510,120],{},[15,110508,56154],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110511,4398],{},[20,110513,17262],{},[35,110515,110517],{"className":37,"code":110516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110518,110519,110551,110573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110520,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110522,13692],{"class":50},[44,110524,55],{"class":54},[44,110526,59],{"class":58},[44,110528,633],{"class":583},[44,110530,13709],{"class":587},[44,110532,633],{"class":583},[44,110534,66],{"class":58},[44,110536,643],{"class":583},[44,110538,13726],{"class":587},[44,110540,633],{"class":583},[44,110542,66],{"class":58},[44,110544,643],{"class":583},[44,110546,18073],{"class":587},[44,110548,633],{"class":583},[44,110550,82],{"class":58},[44,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110554,13735],{"class":50},[44,110556,55],{"class":54},[44,110558,13740],{"class":50},[44,110560,120],{"class":58},[44,110562,35414],{"class":123},[44,110564,127],{"class":58},[44,110566,633],{"class":583},[44,110568,13726],{"class":587},[44,110570,633],{"class":583},[44,110572,133],{"class":58},[44,110574,110575,110577,110579,110581],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110576,140],{"class":139},[44,110578,127],{"class":58},[44,110580,13759],{"class":123},[44,110582,133],{"class":58},[20,110584,110585],{},[197,110586,150],{},[35,110588,110589],{"className":37,"code":12424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110590,110591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110592,110593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110594,12424],{"class":4471},[20,110596,17274],{},[35,110598,110599],{"className":37,"code":109809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110600,110601,110633,110651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110602,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110604,13692],{"class":50},[44,110606,55],{"class":54},[44,110608,59],{"class":58},[44,110610,633],{"class":583},[44,110612,13709],{"class":587},[44,110614,633],{"class":583},[44,110616,66],{"class":58},[44,110618,643],{"class":583},[44,110620,13726],{"class":587},[44,110622,633],{"class":583},[44,110624,66],{"class":58},[44,110626,643],{"class":583},[44,110628,18073],{"class":587},[44,110630,633],{"class":583},[44,110632,82],{"class":58},[44,110634,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110636,18120],{"class":50},[44,110638,120],{"class":58},[44,110640,35414],{"class":123},[44,110642,127],{"class":58},[44,110644,633],{"class":583},[44,110646,13726],{"class":587},[44,110648,633],{"class":583},[44,110650,133],{"class":58},[44,110652,110653,110655,110657,110659],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110654,140],{"class":139},[44,110656,127],{"class":58},[44,110658,18120],{"class":123},[44,110660,133],{"class":58},[1044,110662,110664],{"id":110663},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110666,110667,110668,120],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110669,20305],{},[35,110671,110673],{"className":37,"code":110672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110674,110675,110699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110676,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110678,13692],{"class":50},[44,110680,55],{"class":54},[44,110682,59],{"class":58},[44,110684,633],{"class":583},[44,110686,13709],{"class":587},[44,110688,633],{"class":583},[44,110690,66],{"class":58},[44,110692,643],{"class":583},[44,110694,13726],{"class":587},[44,110696,633],{"class":583},[44,110698,82],{"class":58},[44,110700,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110702,18120],{"class":50},[44,110704,120],{"class":58},[44,110706,35414],{"class":123},[44,110708,127],{"class":58},[44,110710,633],{"class":583},[44,110712,18073],{"class":587},[44,110714,633],{"class":583},[44,110716,133],{"class":58},[20,110718,110719,110720,1598],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110721,4503],{},[35,110723,110725],{"className":37,"code":110724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110726,110727,110751,110755,110771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110728,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110730,13692],{"class":50},[44,110732,55],{"class":54},[44,110734,59],{"class":58},[44,110736,633],{"class":583},[44,110738,13709],{"class":587},[44,110740,633],{"class":583},[44,110742,66],{"class":58},[44,110744,643],{"class":583},[44,110746,13726],{"class":587},[44,110748,633],{"class":583},[44,110750,82],{"class":58},[44,110752,110753],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,110754,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,110756,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,110758,7615],{"class":4496},[44,110760,643],{"class":583},[44,110762,18073],{"class":587},[44,110764,633],{"class":583},[44,110766,21792],{"class":54},[44,110768,13740],{"class":50},[44,110770,7011],{"class":58},[44,110772,110773,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,110774,110775],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,110777,120],{"class":58},[44,110779,35414],{"class":123},[44,110781,127],{"class":58},[44,110783,633],{"class":583},[44,110785,18073],{"class":587},[44,110787,633],{"class":583},[44,110789,133],{"class":58},[20,110791,110792,110793,110797],{},"Or use ",[176,110794,110795],{"href":108906},[15,110796,103303],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1044,110799,37826,110801,9326,110803],{"id":110800},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110802,103317],{},[15,110804,55701],{},[20,110806,110807],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110809,110810,110811,110813],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110812,103317],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110815,110816,110817,120],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[176,110818,99695],{"href":99694},[1044,110820,110822],{"id":110821},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110824,108812],{},[20,110826,110827],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110829,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,110831,2482,110833,97911],{"id":110832},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110834,103317],{},[20,110836,110837,110838,120],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110839,4398],{},[1044,110841,30906,110843,110845],{"id":110842},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110844,103317],{}," raise?",[20,110847,30912,110848,110850],{},[15,110849,20305],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1044,110852,22038,110854,428,110856,1447],{"id":110853},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110855,56154],{},[15,110857,103303],{},[20,110859,1296,110860,110862,110863,110865],{},[15,110861,56154],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110864,103303],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1044,110867,5788,110869,110871],{"id":110868},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110870,103317],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110873,110874],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110876,2528],{"id":2527},[205,110878,110879,110885,110891,110895,110899],{},[208,110880,110881],{},[176,110882,2540,110883,2544],{"href":108906},[15,110884,103303],{},[208,110886,110887],{},[176,110888,2540,110889,2544],{"href":98831},[15,110890,13379],{},[208,110892,110893],{},[176,110894,97956],{"href":98500},[208,110896,110897],{},[176,110898,100960],{"href":99694},[208,110900,110901],{},[176,110902,11880],{"href":11693},[2554,110904,110905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":110907},[110908,110909,110911,110912,110913,110914,110919,110927,110937],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":109909,"depth":85,"text":110910},"What set.remove() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":110160,"depth":85,"text":110161},{"id":110265,"depth":85,"text":110915,"children":110916},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110917,110918],{"id":35414,"depth":109,"text":56154},{"id":103370,"depth":109,"text":103303},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":110920},[110921,110923,110924,110926],{"id":110502,"depth":109,"text":110922},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110663,"depth":109,"text":110664},{"id":110800,"depth":109,"text":110925},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110821,"depth":109,"text":110822},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":110928},[110929,110931,110933,110935],{"id":110832,"depth":109,"text":110930},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110842,"depth":109,"text":110932},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110853,"depth":109,"text":110934},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110868,"depth":109,"text":110936},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109783,"description":110938},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110945,"title":110946,"body":110947,"description":112320,"extension":2593,"meta":112321,"navigation":364,"path":112322,"seo":112323,"stem":112324,"__hash__":112325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110948,"toc":112295},[110949,110955,110961,110964,110967,110981,110983,111064,111067,111072,111076,111090,111097,111099,111118,111121,111139,111141,111221,111223,111248,111252,111255,111263,111268,111273,111275,111288,111293,111296,111320,111323,111331,111333,111336,111433,111435,111468,111470,111496,111503,111506,111510,111518,111522,111530,111532,111622,111624,111638,111645,111650,111655,111657,111748,111750,111762,111764,111778,111784,111792,111794,111876,111878,111923,111926,111934,111937,111939,111943,111986,111988,112008,112013,112015,112100,112102,112107,112109,112116,112124,112130,112133,112135,112221,112223,112247,112251,112254,112256,112283,112293],[10,110950,13,110952,18],{"id":110951},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110953,110954],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110956,110957,110960],{},[15,110958,110959],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110962,110963],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110965,110966],{},"Use it when:",[205,110968,110969,110972,110978],{},[208,110970,110971],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[208,110973,110974,110975,110977],{},"you do ",[197,110976,199],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[208,110979,110980],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110982,33],{"id":32},[35,110984,110986],{"className":37,"code":110985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110987,110988,111008,111028,111032,111051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110989,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110991,51],{"class":50},[44,110993,55],{"class":54},[44,110995,59],{"class":58},[44,110997,63],{"class":62},[44,110999,66],{"class":58},[44,111001,69],{"class":62},[44,111003,66],{"class":58},[44,111005,74],{"class":62},[44,111007,82],{"class":58},[44,111009,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111011,88],{"class":50},[44,111013,55],{"class":54},[44,111015,59],{"class":58},[44,111017,95],{"class":62},[44,111019,66],{"class":58},[44,111021,79],{"class":62},[44,111023,66],{"class":58},[44,111025,104],{"class":62},[44,111027,82],{"class":58},[44,111029,111030],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111031,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111033,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111045,111047,111049],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111035,112],{"class":50},[44,111037,55],{"class":54},[44,111039,117],{"class":50},[44,111041,120],{"class":58},[44,111043,111044],{"class":123},"symmetric_difference",[44,111046,127],{"class":58},[44,111048,130],{"class":123},[44,111050,133],{"class":58},[44,111052,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111054,140],{"class":139},[44,111056,127],{"class":58},[44,111058,145],{"class":123},[44,111060,4281],{"class":58},[44,111062,111063],{"class":1992},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111065,111066],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,111068,186,111070,189],{"id":111069},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111071,110954],{},[20,111073,111074,1598],{},[15,111075,110959],{},[205,111077,111078,111081,111084,111087],{},[208,111079,111080],{},"returns a new set",[208,111082,111083],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[208,111085,111086],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[208,111088,111089],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111091,224,111092,428,111094,120],{},[176,111093,228],{"href":96948},[176,111095,111096],{"href":96951},"creating a set in Python",[30,111098,234],{"id":233},[35,111100,111102],{"className":37,"code":111101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111103,111104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111105,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111107,247],{"class":50},[44,111109,120],{"class":58},[44,111111,111044],{"class":123},[44,111113,127],{"class":58},[44,111115,256],{"class":123},[44,111117,133],{"class":58},[20,111119,111120],{},"Notes:",[205,111122,111123,111128,111133,111136],{},[208,111124,111125,111127],{},[15,111126,247],{}," must be a set",[208,111129,111130,111132],{},[15,111131,256],{}," can be any iterable",[208,111134,111135],{},"the result is always a set",[208,111137,111138],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111140,295],{},[35,111142,111144],{"className":37,"code":111143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111145,111146,111167,111188,111192,111211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111147,111148,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111149,111150],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,111152,55],{"class":54},[44,111154,59],{"class":58},[44,111156,63],{"class":62},[44,111158,66],{"class":58},[44,111160,69],{"class":62},[44,111162,66],{"class":58},[44,111164,74],{"class":62},[44,111166,82],{"class":58},[44,111168,111169,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111170,111171],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,111173,55],{"class":54},[44,111175,59],{"class":58},[44,111177,95],{"class":62},[44,111179,66],{"class":58},[44,111181,79],{"class":62},[44,111183,66],{"class":58},[44,111185,104],{"class":62},[44,111187,82],{"class":58},[44,111189,111190],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111191,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111193,111194,111196,111198,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111195,112],{"class":50},[44,111197,55],{"class":54},[44,111199,111200],{"class":50}," set1",[44,111202,120],{"class":58},[44,111204,111044],{"class":123},[44,111206,127],{"class":58},[44,111208,256],{"class":123},[44,111210,133],{"class":58},[44,111212,111213,111215,111217,111219],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111214,140],{"class":139},[44,111216,127],{"class":58},[44,111218,145],{"class":123},[44,111220,133],{"class":58},[20,111222,150],{},[35,111224,111226],{"className":37,"code":111225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111227,111228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111229,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111231,160],{"class":58},[44,111233,63],{"class":62},[44,111235,66],{"class":58},[44,111237,69],{"class":62},[44,111239,66],{"class":58},[44,111241,79],{"class":62},[44,111243,66],{"class":58},[44,111245,104],{"class":62},[44,111247,82],{"class":58},[30,111249,111251],{"id":111250},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111253,111254],{},"The result includes:",[205,111256,111257,111260],{},[208,111258,111259],{},"items only in the first set",[208,111261,111262],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111264,111265,111266,11702],{},"The result does ",[197,111267,199],{},[205,111269,111270],{},[208,111271,111272],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111274,6090],{},[205,111276,111277,111282],{},[208,111278,111279,111280],{},"first set: ",[15,111281,100898],{},[208,111283,111284,111285],{},"second set: ",[15,111286,111287],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111289,4671,111290,111292],{},[15,111291,95],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111294,111295],{},"The output is:",[35,111297,111298],{"className":37,"code":111225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111299,111300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111303,160],{"class":58},[44,111305,63],{"class":62},[44,111307,66],{"class":58},[44,111309,69],{"class":62},[44,111311,66],{"class":58},[44,111313,79],{"class":62},[44,111315,66],{"class":58},[44,111317,104],{"class":62},[44,111319,82],{"class":58},[20,111321,111322],{},"Also remember:",[205,111324,111325,111328],{},[208,111326,111327],{},"sets are unordered",[208,111329,111330],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,111332,613],{"id":612},[20,111334,111335],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,111337,111339],{"className":37,"code":111338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111340,111341,111373,111397,111401,111419,111423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111342,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111344,107474],{"class":50},[44,111346,55],{"class":54},[44,111348,59],{"class":58},[44,111350,633],{"class":583},[44,111352,13709],{"class":587},[44,111354,633],{"class":583},[44,111356,66],{"class":58},[44,111358,643],{"class":583},[44,111360,13726],{"class":587},[44,111362,633],{"class":583},[44,111364,66],{"class":58},[44,111366,643],{"class":583},[44,111368,18073],{"class":587},[44,111370,633],{"class":583},[44,111372,82],{"class":58},[44,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111376,107507],{"class":50},[44,111378,55],{"class":54},[44,111380,59],{"class":58},[44,111382,633],{"class":583},[44,111384,18073],{"class":587},[44,111386,633],{"class":583},[44,111388,66],{"class":58},[44,111390,643],{"class":583},[44,111392,23142],{"class":587},[44,111394,633],{"class":583},[44,111396,82],{"class":58},[44,111398,111399],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111400,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111402,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415,111417],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111404,112],{"class":50},[44,111406,55],{"class":54},[44,111408,107549],{"class":50},[44,111410,120],{"class":58},[44,111412,111044],{"class":123},[44,111414,127],{"class":58},[44,111416,107558],{"class":123},[44,111418,133],{"class":58},[44,111420,111421],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111422,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111424,111425,111427,111429,111431],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,111426,140],{"class":139},[44,111428,127],{"class":58},[44,111430,145],{"class":123},[44,111432,133],{"class":58},[20,111434,150],{},[35,111436,111438],{"className":37,"code":111437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111439,111440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111441,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111443,160],{"class":58},[44,111445,590],{"class":583},[44,111447,13709],{"class":587},[44,111449,590],{"class":583},[44,111451,66],{"class":58},[44,111453,584],{"class":583},[44,111455,13726],{"class":587},[44,111457,590],{"class":583},[44,111459,66],{"class":58},[44,111461,584],{"class":583},[44,111463,23142],{"class":587},[44,111465,590],{"class":583},[44,111467,82],{"class":58},[20,111469,14026],{},[205,111471,111472,111477,111488],{},[208,111473,111474,111476],{},[15,111475,97113],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[208,111478,111479,2495,111481,111484,111485,111487],{},[15,111480,66016],{},[15,111482,111483],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111486,107611],{},", so they stay",[208,111489,111490,111492,111493,111495],{},[15,111491,110250],{}," is only in ",[15,111494,107558],{},", so it stays",[30,111497,111499,1036,111501],{"id":111498},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111500,110954],{},[15,111502,17],{},[20,111504,111505],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111507,111508,1598],{},[15,111509,17],{},[205,111511,111512,111515],{},[208,111513,111514],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[208,111516,111517],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111519,111520,1598],{},[15,111521,110954],{},[205,111523,111524,111527],{},[208,111525,111526],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[208,111528,111529],{},"removes shared items",[20,111531,295],{},[35,111533,111535],{"className":37,"code":111534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111536,111537,111557,111577,111581,111602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111538,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111540,51],{"class":50},[44,111542,55],{"class":54},[44,111544,59],{"class":58},[44,111546,63],{"class":62},[44,111548,66],{"class":58},[44,111550,69],{"class":62},[44,111552,66],{"class":58},[44,111554,74],{"class":62},[44,111556,82],{"class":58},[44,111558,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573,111575],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111560,88],{"class":50},[44,111562,55],{"class":54},[44,111564,59],{"class":58},[44,111566,95],{"class":62},[44,111568,66],{"class":58},[44,111570,79],{"class":62},[44,111572,66],{"class":58},[44,111574,104],{"class":62},[44,111576,82],{"class":58},[44,111578,111579],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111580,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111582,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111584,140],{"class":139},[44,111586,127],{"class":58},[44,111588,176],{"class":123},[44,111590,120],{"class":58},[44,111592,124],{"class":123},[44,111594,127],{"class":58},[44,111596,130],{"class":123},[44,111598,5979],{"class":58},[44,111600,111601],{"class":1992},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,111603,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111605,140],{"class":139},[44,111607,127],{"class":58},[44,111609,176],{"class":123},[44,111611,120],{"class":58},[44,111613,111044],{"class":123},[44,111615,127],{"class":58},[44,111617,130],{"class":123},[44,111619,5979],{"class":58},[44,111621,111063],{"class":1992},[20,111623,19313],{},[205,111625,111626,111633],{},[208,111627,111628,111632],{},[176,111629,111630],{"href":2595},[15,111631,17],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[208,111634,111635,111637],{},[15,111636,110954],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,111639,111641,1036,111643],{"id":111640},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111642,110954],{},[15,111644,2552],{},[20,111646,111647,111649],{},[15,111648,2552],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111651,111652,111654],{},[15,111653,110954],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111656,295],{},[35,111658,111660],{"className":37,"code":111659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111661,111662,111682,111702,111706,111728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111663,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111665,51],{"class":50},[44,111667,55],{"class":54},[44,111669,59],{"class":58},[44,111671,63],{"class":62},[44,111673,66],{"class":58},[44,111675,69],{"class":62},[44,111677,66],{"class":58},[44,111679,74],{"class":62},[44,111681,82],{"class":58},[44,111683,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111685,88],{"class":50},[44,111687,55],{"class":54},[44,111689,59],{"class":58},[44,111691,95],{"class":62},[44,111693,66],{"class":58},[44,111695,79],{"class":62},[44,111697,66],{"class":58},[44,111699,104],{"class":62},[44,111701,82],{"class":58},[44,111703,111704],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111705,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111707,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111709,140],{"class":139},[44,111711,127],{"class":58},[44,111713,176],{"class":123},[44,111715,120],{"class":58},[44,111717,111718],{"class":123},"union",[44,111720,127],{"class":58},[44,111722,130],{"class":123},[44,111724,5979],{"class":58},[44,111726,111727],{"class":1992},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111731,140],{"class":139},[44,111733,127],{"class":58},[44,111735,176],{"class":123},[44,111737,120],{"class":58},[44,111739,111044],{"class":123},[44,111741,127],{"class":58},[44,111743,130],{"class":123},[44,111745,5979],{"class":58},[44,111747,111063],{"class":1992},[20,111749,27840],{},[205,111751,111752,111757],{},[208,111753,111754,111756],{},[15,111755,2552],{}," includes everything",[208,111758,111759,111761],{},[15,111760,110954],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111763,19313],{},[205,111765,111766,111773],{},[208,111767,111768,111772],{},[176,111769,111770],{"href":108179},[15,111771,2552],{}," when overlap does not matter",[208,111774,111775,111777],{},[15,111776,110954],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,111779,37235,111781,1317],{"id":111780},"using-the-operator",[15,111782,111783],{},"^",[20,111785,111786,111787,111789,111790,120],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111788,111783],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111791,110954],{},[20,111793,295],{},[35,111795,111797],{"className":37,"code":111796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111798,111799,111819,111839,111843,111861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111800,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111802,111150],{"class":50},[44,111804,55],{"class":54},[44,111806,59],{"class":58},[44,111808,63],{"class":62},[44,111810,66],{"class":58},[44,111812,69],{"class":62},[44,111814,66],{"class":58},[44,111816,74],{"class":62},[44,111818,82],{"class":58},[44,111820,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111822,111171],{"class":50},[44,111824,55],{"class":54},[44,111826,59],{"class":58},[44,111828,95],{"class":62},[44,111830,66],{"class":58},[44,111832,79],{"class":62},[44,111834,66],{"class":58},[44,111836,104],{"class":62},[44,111838,82],{"class":58},[44,111840,111841],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,111842,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,111844,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,111846,140],{"class":139},[44,111848,127],{"class":58},[44,111850,247],{"class":123},[44,111852,120],{"class":58},[44,111854,111044],{"class":123},[44,111856,127],{"class":58},[44,111858,256],{"class":123},[44,111860,556],{"class":58},[44,111862,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111874],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,111864,140],{"class":139},[44,111866,127],{"class":58},[44,111868,111150],{"class":123},[44,111870,111783],{"class":54},[44,111872,111873],{"class":123}," set2",[44,111875,133],{"class":58},[20,111877,756],{},[35,111879,111881],{"className":37,"code":111880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111882,111883,111903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111886,160],{"class":58},[44,111888,63],{"class":62},[44,111890,66],{"class":58},[44,111892,69],{"class":62},[44,111894,66],{"class":58},[44,111896,79],{"class":62},[44,111898,66],{"class":58},[44,111900,104],{"class":62},[44,111902,82],{"class":58},[44,111904,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,111906,160],{"class":58},[44,111908,63],{"class":62},[44,111910,66],{"class":58},[44,111912,69],{"class":62},[44,111914,66],{"class":58},[44,111916,79],{"class":62},[44,111918,66],{"class":58},[44,111920,104],{"class":62},[44,111922,82],{"class":58},[20,111924,111925],{},"Both forms:",[205,111927,111928,111931],{},[208,111929,111930],{},"return a new set",[208,111932,111933],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111935,111936],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111938,1580],{"id":1579},[20,111940,1583,111941,1598],{},[15,111942,110954],{},[205,111944,111945,111953,111963,111978],{},[208,111946,111947,111950,111952],{},[197,111948,111949],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10466,111951],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[208,111954,111955,111958,111960,111962],{},[197,111956,111957],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10466,111959],{},[15,111961,110954],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[208,111964,111965,111970,111972,111974,111975,111977],{},[197,111966,111967,111968],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111969,17],{},[10466,111971],{},[15,111973,17],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111976,110954],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[208,111979,111980,111983,111985],{},[197,111981,111982],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10466,111984],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111987,59484],{},[205,111989,111990,111999,112002,112005],{},[208,111991,51116,111992,45253,111994,111998],{},[15,111993,110954],{},[176,111995,111996],{"href":108179},[15,111997,2552],{}," is actually needed",[208,112000,112001],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[208,112003,112004],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[208,112006,112007],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112009,112010,112011,120],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[176,112012,99695],{"href":105792},[20,112014,62918],{},[35,112016,112018],{"className":37,"code":112017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112019,112020,112030,112040,112058,112072,112086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112021,112022,112024,112026,112028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112023,140],{"class":139},[44,112025,127],{"class":58},[44,112027,247],{"class":123},[44,112029,133],{"class":58},[44,112031,112032,112034,112036,112038],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112033,140],{"class":139},[44,112035,127],{"class":58},[44,112037,256],{"class":123},[44,112039,133],{"class":58},[44,112041,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112043,140],{"class":139},[44,112045,127],{"class":58},[44,112047,247],{"class":123},[44,112049,120],{"class":58},[44,112051,111044],{"class":123},[44,112053,127],{"class":58},[44,112055,256],{"class":123},[44,112057,556],{"class":58},[44,112059,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112061,140],{"class":139},[44,112063,127],{"class":58},[44,112065,111150],{"class":123},[44,112067,111783],{"class":54},[44,112069,111873],{"class":123},[44,112071,133],{"class":58},[44,112073,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112075,140],{"class":139},[44,112077,127],{"class":58},[44,112079,549],{"class":548},[44,112081,127],{"class":58},[44,112083,247],{"class":123},[44,112085,556],{"class":58},[44,112087,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096,112098],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,112089,140],{"class":139},[44,112091,127],{"class":58},[44,112093,549],{"class":548},[44,112095,127],{"class":58},[44,112097,256],{"class":123},[44,112099,556],{"class":58},[30,112101,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,112103,2482,112105,2485],{"id":112104},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112106,110954],{},[20,112108,2488],{},[1044,112110,2492,112112,2495,112114,1447],{"id":112111},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112113,110954],{},[15,112115,17],{},[20,112117,112118,112120,112121,112123],{},[15,112119,17],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112122,110954],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1044,112125,2509,112127,112129],{"id":112126},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112128,110954],{}," with lists?",[20,112131,112132],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112134,295],{},[35,112136,112138],{"className":37,"code":112137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112139,112140,112160,112180,112184,112211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112141,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112143,81281],{"class":50},[44,112145,55],{"class":54},[44,112147,1954],{"class":58},[44,112149,63],{"class":62},[44,112151,66],{"class":58},[44,112153,69],{"class":62},[44,112155,66],{"class":58},[44,112157,74],{"class":62},[44,112159,1967],{"class":58},[44,112161,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112163,81302],{"class":50},[44,112165,55],{"class":54},[44,112167,1954],{"class":58},[44,112169,95],{"class":62},[44,112171,66],{"class":58},[44,112173,79],{"class":62},[44,112175,66],{"class":58},[44,112177,104],{"class":62},[44,112179,1967],{"class":58},[44,112181,112182],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112183,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112185,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112187,112],{"class":50},[44,112189,55],{"class":54},[44,112191,2050],{"class":548},[44,112193,127],{"class":58},[44,112195,112196],{"class":123},"list1",[44,112198,2057],{"class":58},[44,112200,111044],{"class":123},[44,112202,127],{"class":58},[44,112204,568],{"class":548},[44,112206,127],{"class":58},[44,112208,81568],{"class":123},[44,112210,556],{"class":58},[44,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112214,140],{"class":139},[44,112216,127],{"class":58},[44,112218,145],{"class":123},[44,112220,133],{"class":58},[20,112222,150],{},[35,112224,112225],{"className":37,"code":111225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112226,112227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112228,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112230,160],{"class":58},[44,112232,63],{"class":62},[44,112234,66],{"class":58},[44,112236,69],{"class":62},[44,112238,66],{"class":58},[44,112240,79],{"class":62},[44,112242,66],{"class":58},[44,112244,104],{"class":62},[44,112246,82],{"class":58},[1044,112248,112250],{"id":112249},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112252,112253],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,112255,2528],{"id":2527},[205,112257,112258,112262,112267,112273,112279],{},[208,112259,112260],{},[176,112261,228],{"href":96948},[208,112263,112264],{},[176,112265,112266],{"href":96951},"Creating a set in Python",[208,112268,112269],{},[176,112270,2540,112271,2544],{"href":2595},[15,112272,17],{},[208,112274,112275],{},[176,112276,2540,112277,2544],{"href":108179},[15,112278,2552],{},[208,112280,112281],{},[176,112282,100960],{"href":105792},[20,112284,112285,112286,2817,112288,17691,112290,112292],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112287,17],{},[15,112289,2552],{},[15,112291,110954],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2554,112294,57866],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":112296},[112297,112298,112300,112301,112302,112303,112305,112307,112309,112310,112319],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":111069,"depth":85,"text":112299},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":111250,"depth":85,"text":111251},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":111498,"depth":85,"text":112304},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111640,"depth":85,"text":112306},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111780,"depth":85,"text":112308},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":112311},[112312,112314,112316,112318],{"id":112104,"depth":109,"text":112313},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112111,"depth":109,"text":112315},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112126,"depth":109,"text":112317},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112249,"depth":109,"text":112250},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110946,"description":112320},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112327,"title":112328,"body":112329,"description":114392,"extension":2593,"meta":114393,"navigation":364,"path":108179,"seo":114394,"stem":114395,"__hash__":114396},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112330,"toc":114351},[112331,112336,112341,112344,112357,112359,112441,112446,112451,112455,112467,112470,112474,112476,112503,112505,112516,112519,112588,112590,112596,112599,112609,112611,112700,112705,112707,112714,112717,112719,112722,112842,112844,112913,112916,112933,112938,112941,113057,113059,113088,113091,113097,113102,113106,113187,113189,113217,113222,113226,113321,113323,113364,113368,113371,113438,113440,113481,113487,113502,113509,113516,113520,113526,113612,113616,113624,113695,113700,113707,113709,113715,113717,113782,113784,113800,113805,113808,113877,113881,113884,113943,113946,113950,114003,114016,114019,114072,114076,114078,114109,114112,114117,114170,114174,114177,114198,114210,114212,114265,114267,114272,114274,114280,114283,114289,114294,114298,114301,114309,114318,114320,114348],[10,112332,4197,112334,18],{"id":112333},"python-setunion-method",[15,112335,108492],{},[20,112337,112338,112340],{},[15,112339,108492],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112342,112343],{},"It is useful when you want:",[205,112345,112346,112349,112354],{},[208,112347,112348],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[208,112350,51,112351,112353],{},[197,112352,445],{}," as the result",[208,112355,112356],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,112358,2634],{"id":2633},[35,112360,112362],{"className":37,"code":112361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112363,112364,112384,112404,112408,112426,112436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112365,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112367,111150],{"class":50},[44,112369,55],{"class":54},[44,112371,59],{"class":58},[44,112373,63],{"class":62},[44,112375,66],{"class":58},[44,112377,69],{"class":62},[44,112379,66],{"class":58},[44,112381,74],{"class":62},[44,112383,82],{"class":58},[44,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112387,111171],{"class":50},[44,112389,55],{"class":54},[44,112391,59],{"class":58},[44,112393,95],{"class":62},[44,112395,66],{"class":58},[44,112397,79],{"class":62},[44,112399,66],{"class":58},[44,112401,104],{"class":62},[44,112403,82],{"class":58},[44,112405,112406],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112407,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112409,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112411,112],{"class":50},[44,112413,55],{"class":54},[44,112415,111200],{"class":50},[44,112417,120],{"class":58},[44,112419,111718],{"class":123},[44,112421,127],{"class":58},[44,112423,256],{"class":123},[44,112425,133],{"class":58},[44,112427,112428,112430,112432,112434],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112429,140],{"class":139},[44,112431,127],{"class":58},[44,112433,145],{"class":123},[44,112435,133],{"class":58},[44,112437,112438],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,112439,112440],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112442,112443,112445],{},[15,112444,2552],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,112447,186,112449,189],{"id":112448},"what-setunion-does",[15,112450,108492],{},[20,112452,112453,1598],{},[15,112454,108492],{},[205,112456,112457,112460,112463,112465],{},[208,112458,112459],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[208,112461,112462],{},"keeps only unique values",[208,112464,111080],{},[208,112466,111089],{},[20,112468,112469],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112471,224,112472,120],{},[176,112473,228],{"href":227},[30,112475,234],{"id":233},[35,112477,112479],{"className":37,"code":112478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112480,112481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112484,247],{"class":50},[44,112486,120],{"class":58},[44,112488,111718],{"class":123},[44,112490,127],{"class":58},[44,112492,256],{"class":123},[44,112494,66],{"class":58},[44,112496,283],{"class":123},[44,112498,66],{"class":58},[44,112500,35073],{"class":139},[44,112502,133],{"class":58},[20,112504,203],{},[205,112506,112507,112510,112513],{},[208,112508,112509],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[208,112511,112512],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[208,112514,112515],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112517,112518],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,112520,112522],{"className":37,"code":112521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112523,112524,112540,112556,112560,112578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112525,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112527,51],{"class":50},[44,112529,55],{"class":54},[44,112531,59],{"class":58},[44,112533,63],{"class":62},[44,112535,66],{"class":58},[44,112537,69],{"class":62},[44,112539,82],{"class":58},[44,112541,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112543,88],{"class":50},[44,112545,55],{"class":54},[44,112547,59],{"class":58},[44,112549,339],{"class":62},[44,112551,66],{"class":58},[44,112553,74],{"class":62},[44,112555,82],{"class":58},[44,112557,112558],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112559,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112561,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112563,112],{"class":50},[44,112565,55],{"class":54},[44,112567,117],{"class":50},[44,112569,120],{"class":58},[44,112571,111718],{"class":123},[44,112573,127],{"class":58},[44,112575,130],{"class":123},[44,112577,133],{"class":58},[44,112579,112580,112582,112584,112586],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112581,140],{"class":139},[44,112583,127],{"class":58},[44,112585,145],{"class":123},[44,112587,133],{"class":58},[30,112589,22588],{"id":22587},[20,112591,112592,442,112594,120],{},[15,112593,108492],{},[197,112595,445],{},[20,112597,112598],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[205,112600,112601,112604],{},[208,112602,112603],{},"the original set",[208,112605,112606,112607],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112608,2552],{},[20,112610,295],{},[35,112612,112614],{"className":37,"code":112613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112615,112616,112632,112648,112652,112670,112674,112687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112617,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112619,51],{"class":50},[44,112621,55],{"class":54},[44,112623,59],{"class":58},[44,112625,63],{"class":62},[44,112627,66],{"class":58},[44,112629,69],{"class":62},[44,112631,82],{"class":58},[44,112633,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112635,88],{"class":50},[44,112637,55],{"class":54},[44,112639,59],{"class":58},[44,112641,339],{"class":62},[44,112643,66],{"class":58},[44,112645,74],{"class":62},[44,112647,82],{"class":58},[44,112649,112650],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112651,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112653,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112655,112],{"class":50},[44,112657,55],{"class":54},[44,112659,117],{"class":50},[44,112661,120],{"class":58},[44,112663,111718],{"class":123},[44,112665,127],{"class":58},[44,112667,130],{"class":123},[44,112669,133],{"class":58},[44,112671,112672],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112673,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112675,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,112677,140],{"class":139},[44,112679,127],{"class":58},[44,112681,145],{"class":123},[44,112683,4281],{"class":58},[44,112685,112686],{"class":1992},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112688,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,112690,140],{"class":139},[44,112692,127],{"class":58},[44,112694,176],{"class":123},[44,112696,4281],{"class":58},[44,112698,112699],{"class":1992},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112701,2913,112702,112704],{},[15,112703,176],{}," did not change.",[20,112706,111322],{},[205,112708,112709,112711],{},[208,112710,111327],{},[208,112712,112713],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112715,112716],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,112718,613],{"id":612},[20,112720,112721],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,112723,112725],{"className":37,"code":112724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112726,112727,112760,112793,112797,112817,112821,112831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112728,112729,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112730,112731],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,112733,55],{"class":54},[44,112735,59],{"class":58},[44,112737,633],{"class":583},[44,112739,636],{"class":587},[44,112741,633],{"class":583},[44,112743,66],{"class":58},[44,112745,643],{"class":583},[44,112747,646],{"class":587},[44,112749,633],{"class":583},[44,112751,66],{"class":58},[44,112753,643],{"class":583},[44,112755,655],{"class":587},[44,112757,633],{"class":583},[44,112759,82],{"class":58},[44,112761,112762,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112763,112764],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,112766,55],{"class":54},[44,112768,59],{"class":58},[44,112770,633],{"class":583},[44,112772,646],{"class":587},[44,112774,633],{"class":583},[44,112776,66],{"class":58},[44,112778,643],{"class":583},[44,112780,689],{"class":587},[44,112782,633],{"class":583},[44,112784,66],{"class":58},[44,112786,643],{"class":583},[44,112788,655],{"class":587},[44,112790,633],{"class":583},[44,112792,82],{"class":58},[44,112794,112795],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112796,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112798,112799,112801,112803,112806,112808,112810,112812,112815],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112800,112],{"class":50},[44,112802,55],{"class":54},[44,112804,112805],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112807,120],{"class":58},[44,112809,111718],{"class":123},[44,112811,127],{"class":58},[44,112813,112814],{"class":123},"fruits2",[44,112816,133],{"class":58},[44,112818,112819],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,112820,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,112822,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,112824,140],{"class":139},[44,112826,127],{"class":58},[44,112828,145],{"class":123},[44,112830,133],{"class":58},[44,112832,112833,112835,112837,112840],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,112834,140],{"class":139},[44,112836,127],{"class":58},[44,112838,112839],{"class":123},"fruits1",[44,112841,133],{"class":58},[20,112843,756],{},[35,112845,112847],{"className":37,"code":112846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112848,112849,112885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112850,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112852,160],{"class":58},[44,112854,590],{"class":583},[44,112856,646],{"class":587},[44,112858,590],{"class":583},[44,112860,66],{"class":58},[44,112862,584],{"class":583},[44,112864,655],{"class":587},[44,112866,590],{"class":583},[44,112868,66],{"class":58},[44,112870,584],{"class":583},[44,112872,636],{"class":587},[44,112874,590],{"class":583},[44,112876,66],{"class":58},[44,112878,584],{"class":583},[44,112880,689],{"class":587},[44,112882,590],{"class":583},[44,112884,82],{"class":58},[44,112886,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112888,160],{"class":58},[44,112890,590],{"class":583},[44,112892,646],{"class":587},[44,112894,590],{"class":583},[44,112896,66],{"class":58},[44,112898,584],{"class":583},[44,112900,655],{"class":587},[44,112902,590],{"class":583},[44,112904,66],{"class":58},[44,112906,584],{"class":583},[44,112908,636],{"class":587},[44,112910,590],{"class":583},[44,112912,82],{"class":58},[20,112914,112915],{},"What this shows:",[205,112917,112918,112925,112928],{},[208,112919,112920,2495,112922,112924],{},[15,112921,65898],{},[15,112923,66325],{}," appear in both sets",[208,112926,112927],{},"they appear only once in the result",[208,112929,112930,112932],{},[15,112931,112839],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112934,863,112936,866],{"id":112935},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112937,2552],{},[20,112939,112940],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112942,112944],{"className":37,"code":112943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112945,112946,112962,112978,112995,113012,113016,113043,113047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112947,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112949,111150],{"class":50},[44,112951,55],{"class":54},[44,112953,59],{"class":58},[44,112955,63],{"class":62},[44,112957,66],{"class":58},[44,112959,69],{"class":62},[44,112961,82],{"class":58},[44,112963,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,112965,111171],{"class":50},[44,112967,55],{"class":54},[44,112969,59],{"class":58},[44,112971,339],{"class":62},[44,112973,66],{"class":58},[44,112975,74],{"class":62},[44,112977,82],{"class":58},[44,112979,112980,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,112981,112982],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112984,55],{"class":54},[44,112986,59],{"class":58},[44,112988,95],{"class":62},[44,112990,66],{"class":58},[44,112992,79],{"class":62},[44,112994,82],{"class":58},[44,112996,112997,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,112998,112999],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,113001,55],{"class":54},[44,113003,59],{"class":58},[44,113005,1517],{"class":62},[44,113007,66],{"class":58},[44,113009,104],{"class":62},[44,113011,82],{"class":58},[44,113013,113014],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113015,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113017,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113041],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,113019,112],{"class":50},[44,113021,55],{"class":54},[44,113023,111200],{"class":50},[44,113025,120],{"class":58},[44,113027,111718],{"class":123},[44,113029,127],{"class":58},[44,113031,256],{"class":123},[44,113033,66],{"class":58},[44,113035,283],{"class":123},[44,113037,66],{"class":58},[44,113039,113040],{"class":123}," set4",[44,113042,133],{"class":58},[44,113044,113045],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,113046,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,113050,140],{"class":139},[44,113052,127],{"class":58},[44,113054,145],{"class":123},[44,113056,133],{"class":58},[20,113058,756],{},[35,113060,113062],{"className":37,"code":113061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113063,113064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113065,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113067,160],{"class":58},[44,113069,63],{"class":62},[44,113071,66],{"class":58},[44,113073,69],{"class":62},[44,113075,66],{"class":58},[44,113077,74],{"class":62},[44,113079,66],{"class":58},[44,113081,79],{"class":62},[44,113083,66],{"class":58},[44,113085,104],{"class":62},[44,113087,82],{"class":58},[20,113089,113090],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,113092,863,113094,113096],{"id":113093},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113095,2552],{}," with other iterables",[20,113098,113099,113101],{},[15,113100,2552],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1044,113103,113105],{"id":113104},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,113107,113109],{"className":37,"code":113108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113110,113111,113131,113155,113159,113177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113112,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113114,884],{"class":50},[44,113116,55],{"class":54},[44,113118,59],{"class":58},[44,113120,63],{"class":62},[44,113122,66],{"class":58},[44,113124,69],{"class":62},[44,113126,66],{"class":58},[44,113128,74],{"class":62},[44,113130,82],{"class":58},[44,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113134,61670],{"class":50},[44,113136,55],{"class":54},[44,113138,1954],{"class":58},[44,113140,95],{"class":62},[44,113142,66],{"class":58},[44,113144,79],{"class":62},[44,113146,66],{"class":58},[44,113148,104],{"class":62},[44,113150,66],{"class":58},[44,113152,104],{"class":62},[44,113154,1967],{"class":58},[44,113156,113157],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113158,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113160,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113162,112],{"class":50},[44,113164,55],{"class":54},[44,113166,975],{"class":50},[44,113168,120],{"class":58},[44,113170,111718],{"class":123},[44,113172,127],{"class":58},[44,113174,61699],{"class":123},[44,113176,133],{"class":58},[44,113178,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113180,140],{"class":139},[44,113182,127],{"class":58},[44,113184,145],{"class":123},[44,113186,133],{"class":58},[20,113188,756],{},[35,113190,113191],{"className":37,"code":113061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113192,113193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113196,160],{"class":58},[44,113198,63],{"class":62},[44,113200,66],{"class":58},[44,113202,69],{"class":62},[44,113204,66],{"class":58},[44,113206,74],{"class":62},[44,113208,66],{"class":58},[44,113210,79],{"class":62},[44,113212,66],{"class":58},[44,113214,104],{"class":62},[44,113216,82],{"class":58},[20,113218,21596,113219,113221],{},[15,113220,357],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1044,113223,113225],{"id":113224},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,113227,113229],{"className":37,"code":113228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113230,113231,113255,113288,113292,113311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113232,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113234,36712],{"class":50},[44,113236,55],{"class":54},[44,113238,59],{"class":58},[44,113240,633],{"class":583},[44,113242,176],{"class":587},[44,113244,633],{"class":583},[44,113246,66],{"class":58},[44,113248,643],{"class":583},[44,113250,130],{"class":587},[44,113252,633],{"class":583},[44,113254,82],{"class":58},[44,113256,113257,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113258,113259],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,113261,55],{"class":54},[44,113263,9859],{"class":58},[44,113265,633],{"class":583},[44,113267,130],{"class":587},[44,113269,633],{"class":583},[44,113271,66],{"class":58},[44,113273,643],{"class":583},[44,113275,431],{"class":587},[44,113277,633],{"class":583},[44,113279,66],{"class":58},[44,113281,643],{"class":583},[44,113283,19386],{"class":587},[44,113285,633],{"class":583},[44,113287,133],{"class":58},[44,113289,113290],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113291,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113293,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113309],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113295,112],{"class":50},[44,113297,55],{"class":54},[44,113299,70720],{"class":50},[44,113301,120],{"class":58},[44,113303,111718],{"class":123},[44,113305,127],{"class":58},[44,113307,113308],{"class":123},"more_letters",[44,113310,133],{"class":58},[44,113312,113313,113315,113317,113319],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113314,140],{"class":139},[44,113316,127],{"class":58},[44,113318,145],{"class":123},[44,113320,133],{"class":58},[20,113322,756],{},[35,113324,113326],{"className":37,"code":113325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113327,113328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113329,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113331,160],{"class":58},[44,113333,590],{"class":583},[44,113335,176],{"class":587},[44,113337,590],{"class":583},[44,113339,66],{"class":58},[44,113341,584],{"class":583},[44,113343,130],{"class":587},[44,113345,590],{"class":583},[44,113347,66],{"class":58},[44,113349,584],{"class":583},[44,113351,431],{"class":587},[44,113353,590],{"class":583},[44,113355,66],{"class":58},[44,113357,584],{"class":583},[44,113359,19386],{"class":587},[44,113361,590],{"class":583},[44,113363,82],{"class":58},[1044,113365,113367],{"id":113366},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113369,113370],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,113372,113374],{"className":37,"code":113373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113375,113376,113401,113424,113428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113377,113378,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113379,113380],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,113382,55],{"class":54},[44,113384,59],{"class":58},[44,113386,633],{"class":583},[44,113388,176],{"class":587},[44,113390,633],{"class":583},[44,113392,66],{"class":58},[44,113394,643],{"class":583},[44,113396,130],{"class":587},[44,113398,633],{"class":583},[44,113400,82],{"class":58},[44,113402,113403,113405,113407,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113404,112],{"class":50},[44,113406,55],{"class":54},[44,113408,113409],{"class":50}," chars",[44,113411,120],{"class":58},[44,113413,111718],{"class":123},[44,113415,127],{"class":58},[44,113417,633],{"class":583},[44,113419,2122],{"class":587},[44,113421,633],{"class":583},[44,113423,133],{"class":58},[44,113425,113426],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113427,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113429,113430,113432,113434,113436],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113431,140],{"class":139},[44,113433,127],{"class":58},[44,113435,145],{"class":123},[44,113437,133],{"class":58},[20,113439,756],{},[35,113441,113443],{"className":37,"code":113442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113444,113445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113446,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113448,160],{"class":58},[44,113450,590],{"class":583},[44,113452,176],{"class":587},[44,113454,590],{"class":583},[44,113456,66],{"class":58},[44,113458,584],{"class":583},[44,113460,130],{"class":587},[44,113462,590],{"class":583},[44,113464,66],{"class":58},[44,113466,584],{"class":583},[44,113468,431],{"class":587},[44,113470,590],{"class":583},[44,113472,66],{"class":58},[44,113474,584],{"class":583},[44,113476,63910],{"class":587},[44,113478,590],{"class":583},[44,113480,82],{"class":58},[20,113482,22807,113483,113486],{},[15,113484,113485],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[205,113488,113489,113493,113497],{},[208,113490,113491],{},[15,113492,67105],{},[208,113494,113495],{},[15,113496,18714],{},[208,113498,113499],{},[15,113500,113501],{},"\"t\"",[30,113503,113505,1036,113507],{"id":113504},"union-vs-update",[15,113506,2552],{},[15,113508,15572],{},[20,113510,113511,2495,113513,113515],{},[15,113512,2552],{},[15,113514,15572],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1044,113517,113518],{"id":111718},[15,113519,2552],{},[205,113521,113522,113524],{},[208,113523,111080],{},[208,113525,111089],{},[35,113527,113528],{"className":37,"code":112613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113529,113530,113546,113562,113566,113584,113588,113600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113531,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113533,51],{"class":50},[44,113535,55],{"class":54},[44,113537,59],{"class":58},[44,113539,63],{"class":62},[44,113541,66],{"class":58},[44,113543,69],{"class":62},[44,113545,82],{"class":58},[44,113547,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113549,88],{"class":50},[44,113551,55],{"class":54},[44,113553,59],{"class":58},[44,113555,339],{"class":62},[44,113557,66],{"class":58},[44,113559,74],{"class":62},[44,113561,82],{"class":58},[44,113563,113564],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113565,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113567,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113569,112],{"class":50},[44,113571,55],{"class":54},[44,113573,117],{"class":50},[44,113575,120],{"class":58},[44,113577,111718],{"class":123},[44,113579,127],{"class":58},[44,113581,130],{"class":123},[44,113583,133],{"class":58},[44,113585,113586],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113587,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113589,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,113591,140],{"class":139},[44,113593,127],{"class":58},[44,113595,145],{"class":123},[44,113597,4281],{"class":58},[44,113599,112686],{"class":1992},[44,113601,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,113603,140],{"class":139},[44,113605,127],{"class":58},[44,113607,176],{"class":123},[44,113609,4281],{"class":58},[44,113611,112699],{"class":1992},[1044,113613,113614],{"id":31083},[15,113615,15572],{},[205,113617,113618,113621],{},[208,113619,113620],{},"changes the existing set in place",[208,113622,113623],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,113625,113627],{"className":37,"code":113626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113628,113629,113645,113661,113665,113679,113683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113630,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113632,51],{"class":50},[44,113634,55],{"class":54},[44,113636,59],{"class":58},[44,113638,63],{"class":62},[44,113640,66],{"class":58},[44,113642,69],{"class":62},[44,113644,82],{"class":58},[44,113646,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113648,88],{"class":50},[44,113650,55],{"class":54},[44,113652,59],{"class":58},[44,113654,339],{"class":62},[44,113656,66],{"class":58},[44,113658,74],{"class":62},[44,113660,82],{"class":58},[44,113662,113663],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113664,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113666,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113668,176],{"class":50},[44,113670,120],{"class":58},[44,113672,31083],{"class":123},[44,113674,127],{"class":58},[44,113676,130],{"class":123},[44,113678,133],{"class":58},[44,113680,113681],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113682,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113684,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,113686,140],{"class":139},[44,113688,127],{"class":58},[44,113690,176],{"class":123},[44,113692,4281],{"class":58},[44,113694,112686],{"class":1992},[20,113696,1296,113697,113699],{},[15,113698,2552],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113701,113702,113703,120],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[176,113704,4197,113705,2544],{"href":99136},[15,113706,97932],{},[30,113708,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,113710,9075,113712,113714],{"id":113711},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113713,2552],{}," to change the original set",[20,113716,82450],{},[35,113718,113720],{"className":37,"code":113719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113721,113722,113738,113754,113758,113772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113723,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113725,51],{"class":50},[44,113727,55],{"class":54},[44,113729,59],{"class":58},[44,113731,63],{"class":62},[44,113733,66],{"class":58},[44,113735,69],{"class":62},[44,113737,82],{"class":58},[44,113739,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113741,88],{"class":50},[44,113743,55],{"class":54},[44,113745,59],{"class":58},[44,113747,339],{"class":62},[44,113749,66],{"class":58},[44,113751,74],{"class":62},[44,113753,82],{"class":58},[44,113755,113756],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113757,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113759,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113761,176],{"class":50},[44,113763,120],{"class":58},[44,113765,111718],{"class":123},[44,113767,127],{"class":58},[44,113769,130],{"class":123},[44,113771,133],{"class":58},[44,113773,113774,113776,113778,113780],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113775,140],{"class":139},[44,113777,127],{"class":58},[44,113779,176],{"class":123},[44,113781,133],{"class":58},[20,113783,150],{},[35,113785,113786],{"className":37,"code":153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113787,113788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113789,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113791,160],{"class":58},[44,113793,63],{"class":62},[44,113795,66],{"class":58},[44,113797,69],{"class":62},[44,113799,82],{"class":58},[20,113801,9118,113802,113804],{},[15,113803,2552],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113806,113807],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113809,113811],{"className":37,"code":113810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113812,113813,113829,113845,113849,113867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113814,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113816,51],{"class":50},[44,113818,55],{"class":54},[44,113820,59],{"class":58},[44,113822,63],{"class":62},[44,113824,66],{"class":58},[44,113826,69],{"class":62},[44,113828,82],{"class":58},[44,113830,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113832,88],{"class":50},[44,113834,55],{"class":54},[44,113836,59],{"class":58},[44,113838,339],{"class":62},[44,113840,66],{"class":58},[44,113842,74],{"class":62},[44,113844,82],{"class":58},[44,113846,113847],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113848,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113850,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113852,51],{"class":50},[44,113854,55],{"class":54},[44,113856,117],{"class":50},[44,113858,120],{"class":58},[44,113860,111718],{"class":123},[44,113862,127],{"class":58},[44,113864,130],{"class":123},[44,113866,133],{"class":58},[44,113868,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,113870,140],{"class":139},[44,113872,127],{"class":58},[44,113874,176],{"class":123},[44,113876,133],{"class":58},[1044,113878,113880],{"id":113879},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113882,113883],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113885,113887],{"className":37,"code":113886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113888,113889,113905,113921,113925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113890,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113892,51],{"class":50},[44,113894,55],{"class":54},[44,113896,59],{"class":58},[44,113898,95],{"class":62},[44,113900,66],{"class":58},[44,113902,2212],{"class":62},[44,113904,82],{"class":58},[44,113906,113907,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113908,88],{"class":50},[44,113910,55],{"class":54},[44,113912,59],{"class":58},[44,113914,339],{"class":62},[44,113916,66],{"class":58},[44,113918,79],{"class":62},[44,113920,82],{"class":58},[44,113922,113923],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113924,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,113926,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939,113941],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,113928,140],{"class":139},[44,113930,127],{"class":58},[44,113932,176],{"class":123},[44,113934,120],{"class":58},[44,113936,111718],{"class":123},[44,113938,127],{"class":58},[44,113940,130],{"class":123},[44,113942,556],{"class":58},[20,113944,113945],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1044,113947,113949],{"id":113948},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113951,113953],{"className":37,"code":113952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113954,113955,113971,113993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113956,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113958,4692],{"class":50},[44,113960,55],{"class":54},[44,113962,59],{"class":58},[44,113964,633],{"class":583},[44,113966,2131],{"class":587},[44,113968,633],{"class":583},[44,113970,82],{"class":58},[44,113972,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,113974,112],{"class":50},[44,113976,55],{"class":54},[44,113978,6786],{"class":50},[44,113980,120],{"class":58},[44,113982,111718],{"class":123},[44,113984,127],{"class":58},[44,113986,633],{"class":583},[44,113988,2122],{"class":587},[44,113990,633],{"class":583},[44,113992,133],{"class":58},[44,113994,113995,113997,113999,114001],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,113996,140],{"class":139},[44,113998,127],{"class":58},[44,114000,145],{"class":123},[44,114002,133],{"class":58},[20,114004,114005,114006,2817,114008,17691,114010,114012,114013,114015],{},"This adds ",[15,114007,67105],{},[15,114009,18714],{},[15,114011,113501],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114014,113485],{}," as one item.",[20,114017,114018],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,114020,114022],{"className":37,"code":114021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114023,114024,114040,114062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114025,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114027,4692],{"class":50},[44,114029,55],{"class":54},[44,114031,59],{"class":58},[44,114033,633],{"class":583},[44,114035,2131],{"class":587},[44,114037,633],{"class":583},[44,114039,82],{"class":58},[44,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114043,112],{"class":50},[44,114045,55],{"class":54},[44,114047,6786],{"class":50},[44,114049,120],{"class":58},[44,114051,111718],{"class":123},[44,114053,3609],{"class":58},[44,114055,633],{"class":583},[44,114057,2122],{"class":587},[44,114059,633],{"class":583},[44,114061,4509],{"class":58},[44,114063,114064,114066,114068,114070],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114065,140],{"class":139},[44,114067,127],{"class":58},[44,114069,145],{"class":123},[44,114071,133],{"class":58},[1044,114073,114075],{"id":114074},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114077,3461],{},[35,114079,114081],{"className":37,"code":114080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114082,114083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114084,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114086,16247],{"class":50},[44,114088,55],{"class":54},[44,114090,59],{"class":58},[44,114092,63],{"class":62},[44,114094,66],{"class":58},[44,114096,69],{"class":62},[44,114098,66],{"class":58},[44,114100,1954],{"class":58},[44,114102,95],{"class":62},[44,114104,66],{"class":58},[44,114106,79],{"class":62},[44,114108,14323],{"class":58},[20,114110,114111],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114113,114114,114115,1598],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114116,2552],{},[35,114118,114120],{"className":37,"code":114119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114121,114122,114138,114160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114123,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114125,16247],{"class":50},[44,114127,55],{"class":54},[44,114129,59],{"class":58},[44,114131,63],{"class":62},[44,114133,66],{"class":58},[44,114135,69],{"class":62},[44,114137,82],{"class":58},[44,114139,114140,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114141,112],{"class":50},[44,114143,55],{"class":54},[44,114145,97542],{"class":50},[44,114147,120],{"class":58},[44,114149,111718],{"class":123},[44,114151,3609],{"class":58},[44,114153,95],{"class":62},[44,114155,66],{"class":58},[44,114157,79],{"class":62},[44,114159,4509],{"class":58},[44,114161,114162,114164,114166,114168],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114163,140],{"class":139},[44,114165,127],{"class":58},[44,114167,145],{"class":123},[44,114169,133],{"class":58},[30,114171,114173],{"id":114172},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114175,114176],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[205,114178,114179,114185,114192,114195],{},[208,114180,114181,114182,114184],{},"call ",[15,114183,2552],{}," without saving the returned set",[208,114186,114187,114188,9326,114190],{},"confuse ",[15,114189,2552],{},[15,114191,15572],{},[208,114193,114194],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[208,114196,114197],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114199,114200,114201,2495,114205,120],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[176,114202,4197,114203,2544],{"href":2539},[15,114204,107022],{},[176,114206,4197,114208,2544],{"href":114207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114209,24],{},[20,114211,62918],{},[35,114213,114215],{"className":37,"code":114214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114216,114217,114227,114241,114251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114218,114219,114221,114223,114225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114220,140],{"class":139},[44,114222,127],{"class":58},[44,114224,16284],{"class":123},[44,114226,133],{"class":58},[44,114228,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114230,140],{"class":139},[44,114232,127],{"class":58},[44,114234,549],{"class":548},[44,114236,127],{"class":58},[44,114238,16284],{"class":123},[44,114240,556],{"class":58},[44,114242,114243,114245,114247,114249],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114244,140],{"class":139},[44,114246,127],{"class":58},[44,114248,145],{"class":123},[44,114250,133],{"class":58},[44,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114254,32772],{"class":139},[44,114256,127],{"class":58},[44,114258,568],{"class":548},[44,114260,120],{"class":58},[44,114262,111718],{"class":25368},[44,114264,133],{"class":58},[30,114266,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,114268,2482,114270,2485],{"id":114269},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114271,108492],{},[20,114273,2488],{},[1044,114275,5788,114277,114279],{"id":114276},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114278,2552],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114281,114282],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1044,114284,2509,114286,114288],{"id":114285},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114287,2552],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114290,42775,114291,114293],{},[15,114292,2552],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1044,114295,114297],{"id":114296},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114299,114300],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1044,114302,2492,114304,2495,114306,1447],{"id":114303},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114305,2552],{},[15,114307,114308],{},"|",[20,114310,114311,114312,114314,114315,114317],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114313,114308],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114316,2552],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,114319,2528],{"id":2527},[205,114321,114322,114326,114332,114338,114344],{},[208,114323,114324],{},[176,114325,228],{"href":227},[208,114327,114328],{},[176,114329,4197,114330,2544],{"href":99136},[15,114331,97932],{},[208,114333,114334],{},[176,114335,4197,114336,2544],{"href":2539},[15,114337,107022],{},[208,114339,114340],{},[176,114341,4197,114342,2544],{"href":114207},[15,114343,24],{},[208,114345,114346],{},[176,114347,100960],{"href":99694},[2554,114349,114350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":114352},[114353,114354,114356,114357,114358,114359,114361,114367,114372,114379,114380,114391],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":112448,"depth":85,"text":114355},"What set.union() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":22587,"depth":85,"text":22588},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":112935,"depth":85,"text":114360},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113093,"depth":85,"text":114362,"children":114363},"Using union() with other iterables",[114364,114365,114366],{"id":113104,"depth":109,"text":113105},{"id":113224,"depth":109,"text":113225},{"id":113366,"depth":109,"text":113367},{"id":113504,"depth":85,"text":114368,"children":114369},"union() vs update()",[114370,114371],{"id":111718,"depth":109,"text":2552},{"id":31083,"depth":109,"text":15572},{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":114373},[114374,114376,114377,114378],{"id":113711,"depth":109,"text":114375},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113879,"depth":109,"text":113880},{"id":113948,"depth":109,"text":113949},{"id":114074,"depth":109,"text":114075},{"id":114172,"depth":85,"text":114173},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":114381},[114382,114384,114386,114388,114389],{"id":114269,"depth":109,"text":114383},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114276,"depth":109,"text":114385},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114285,"depth":109,"text":114387},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114296,"depth":109,"text":114297},{"id":114303,"depth":109,"text":114390},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112328,"description":114392},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114398,"title":114399,"body":114400,"description":116289,"extension":2593,"meta":116290,"navigation":364,"path":97432,"seo":116291,"stem":116292,"__hash__":116293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114401,"toc":116255},[114402,114407,114412,114420,114422,114480,114485,114490,114494,114506,114509,114583,114588,114590,114592,114611,114613,114630,114633,114660,114662,114732,114736,114738,114744,114746,114807,114812,114814,114871,114875,114880,114945,114947,114967,114974,114978,114983,115068,115071,115078,115181,115185,115190,115248,115251,115262,115276,115283,115341,115348,115351,115361,115365,115423,115427,115493,115496,115554,115561,115568,115571,115575,115584,115653,115657,115663,115751,115761,115765,115769,115773,115776,115837,115842,115899,115903,115905,115940,115947,115949,116003,116010,116014,116017,116082,116091,116097,116154,116156,116161,116165,116169,116172,116179,116187,116191,116196,116200,116206,116208,116243,116252],[10,114403,13,114405,18],{"id":114404},"python-set-update-method",[15,114406,15572],{},[20,114408,114409,114411],{},[15,114410,97932],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114413,114414,114415,114419],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[176,114416,114417],{"href":99117},[15,114418,96831],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,114421,33],{"id":32},[35,114423,114425],{"className":37,"code":114424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114426,114427,114443,114465,114475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114428,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114430,884],{"class":50},[44,114432,55],{"class":54},[44,114434,59],{"class":58},[44,114436,63],{"class":62},[44,114438,66],{"class":58},[44,114440,69],{"class":62},[44,114442,82],{"class":58},[44,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114446,4268],{"class":50},[44,114448,120],{"class":58},[44,114450,31083],{"class":123},[44,114452,3609],{"class":58},[44,114454,339],{"class":62},[44,114456,66],{"class":58},[44,114458,74],{"class":62},[44,114460,66],{"class":58},[44,114462,79],{"class":62},[44,114464,4509],{"class":58},[44,114466,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114468,140],{"class":139},[44,114470,127],{"class":58},[44,114472,4268],{"class":123},[44,114474,133],{"class":58},[44,114476,114477],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114478,114479],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114481,1296,114482,114484],{},[15,114483,15572],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,114486,186,114488,189],{"id":114487},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114489,97932],{},[20,114491,114492,1598],{},[15,114493,97932],{},[205,114495,114496,114499,114501,114504],{},[208,114497,114498],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[208,114500,96938],{},[208,114502,114503],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[208,114505,1198],{},[20,114507,114508],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,114510,114512],{"className":37,"code":114511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114513,114514,114538,114564,114568,114578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114515,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114517,13692],{"class":50},[44,114519,55],{"class":54},[44,114521,59],{"class":58},[44,114523,633],{"class":583},[44,114525,13709],{"class":587},[44,114527,633],{"class":583},[44,114529,66],{"class":58},[44,114531,643],{"class":583},[44,114533,13726],{"class":587},[44,114535,633],{"class":583},[44,114537,82],{"class":58},[44,114539,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114541,18120],{"class":50},[44,114543,120],{"class":58},[44,114545,31083],{"class":123},[44,114547,3609],{"class":58},[44,114549,633],{"class":583},[44,114551,13726],{"class":587},[44,114553,633],{"class":583},[44,114555,66],{"class":58},[44,114557,643],{"class":583},[44,114559,18073],{"class":587},[44,114561,633],{"class":583},[44,114563,4509],{"class":58},[44,114565,114566],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114567,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114571,140],{"class":139},[44,114573,127],{"class":58},[44,114575,18120],{"class":123},[44,114577,133],{"class":58},[44,114579,114580],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,114581,114582],{"class":1992},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114584,21596,114585,114587],{},[15,114586,111483],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,114589,234],{"id":233},[20,114591,7836],{},[35,114593,114595],{"className":37,"code":114594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114596,114597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114598,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114600,16284],{"class":50},[44,114602,120],{"class":58},[44,114604,31083],{"class":123},[44,114606,127],{"class":58},[44,114608,4340],{"class":123},[44,114610,133],{"class":58},[20,114612,80827],{},[205,114614,114615,114618,114621,114624,114627],{},[208,114616,114617],{},"A list",[208,114619,114620],{},"A tuple",[208,114622,114623],{},"Another set",[208,114625,114626],{},"A string",[208,114628,114629],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114631,114632],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,114634,114636],{"className":37,"code":114635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114637,114638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114639,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114641,16284],{"class":50},[44,114643,120],{"class":58},[44,114645,31083],{"class":123},[44,114647,127],{"class":58},[44,114649,176],{"class":123},[44,114651,66],{"class":58},[44,114653,1405],{"class":123},[44,114655,66],{"class":58},[44,114657,387],{"class":123},[44,114659,133],{"class":58},[20,114661,295],{},[35,114663,114665],{"className":37,"code":114664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114666,114667,114679,114713,114717,114727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114670,4441],{"class":50},[44,114672,55],{"class":54},[44,114674,59],{"class":58},[44,114676,63],{"class":62},[44,114678,82],{"class":58},[44,114680,114681,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114682,5976],{"class":50},[44,114684,120],{"class":58},[44,114686,31083],{"class":123},[44,114688,3609],{"class":58},[44,114690,339],{"class":62},[44,114692,66],{"class":58},[44,114694,74],{"class":62},[44,114696,18680],{"class":58},[44,114698,9859],{"class":58},[44,114700,1517],{"class":62},[44,114702,66],{"class":58},[44,114704,104],{"class":62},[44,114706,9856],{"class":58},[44,114708,59],{"class":58},[44,114710,955],{"class":62},[44,114712,31115],{"class":58},[44,114714,114715],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114716,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,114718,114719,114721,114723,114725],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114720,140],{"class":139},[44,114722,127],{"class":58},[44,114724,5976],{"class":123},[44,114726,133],{"class":58},[44,114728,114729],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,114730,114731],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114733,224,114734,120],{},[176,114735,96952],{"href":98500},[30,114737,22588],{"id":22587},[20,114739,114740,3025,114742,120],{},[15,114741,97932],{},[15,114743,4398],{},[20,114745,12330],{},[35,114747,114749],{"className":37,"code":114748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114750,114751,114767,114789,114793,114803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114752,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114754,884],{"class":50},[44,114756,55],{"class":54},[44,114758,59],{"class":58},[44,114760,63],{"class":62},[44,114762,66],{"class":58},[44,114764,69],{"class":62},[44,114766,82],{"class":58},[44,114768,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114770,112],{"class":50},[44,114772,55],{"class":54},[44,114774,975],{"class":50},[44,114776,120],{"class":58},[44,114778,31083],{"class":123},[44,114780,3609],{"class":58},[44,114782,95],{"class":62},[44,114784,66],{"class":58},[44,114786,79],{"class":62},[44,114788,4509],{"class":58},[44,114790,114791],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114792,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,114794,114795,114797,114799,114801],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114796,140],{"class":139},[44,114798,127],{"class":58},[44,114800,145],{"class":123},[44,114802,133],{"class":58},[44,114804,114805],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,114806,62454],{"class":1992},[20,114808,114809,114810,120],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114811,145],{},[20,114813,19586],{},[35,114815,114817],{"className":37,"code":114816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114818,114819,114835,114853,114857,114867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114820,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114822,884],{"class":50},[44,114824,55],{"class":54},[44,114826,59],{"class":58},[44,114828,63],{"class":62},[44,114830,66],{"class":58},[44,114832,69],{"class":62},[44,114834,82],{"class":58},[44,114836,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114838,4268],{"class":50},[44,114840,120],{"class":58},[44,114842,31083],{"class":123},[44,114844,3609],{"class":58},[44,114846,95],{"class":62},[44,114848,66],{"class":58},[44,114850,79],{"class":62},[44,114852,4509],{"class":58},[44,114854,114855],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114856,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,114858,114859,114861,114863,114865],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114860,140],{"class":139},[44,114862,127],{"class":58},[44,114864,4268],{"class":123},[44,114866,133],{"class":58},[44,114868,114869],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,114870,114479],{"class":1992},[30,114872,114874],{"id":114873},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114876,114877,114878,120],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114879,15572],{},[35,114881,114883],{"className":37,"code":114882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114884,114885,114901,114927,114931,114941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114886,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114888,884],{"class":50},[44,114890,55],{"class":54},[44,114892,59],{"class":58},[44,114894,63],{"class":62},[44,114896,66],{"class":58},[44,114898,69],{"class":62},[44,114900,82],{"class":58},[44,114902,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,114904,4268],{"class":50},[44,114906,120],{"class":58},[44,114908,31083],{"class":123},[44,114910,3609],{"class":58},[44,114912,339],{"class":62},[44,114914,66],{"class":58},[44,114916,74],{"class":62},[44,114918,66],{"class":58},[44,114920,79],{"class":62},[44,114922,66],{"class":58},[44,114924,79],{"class":62},[44,114926,4509],{"class":58},[44,114928,114929],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,114930,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,114932,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,114934,140],{"class":139},[44,114936,127],{"class":58},[44,114938,4268],{"class":123},[44,114940,133],{"class":58},[44,114942,114943],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,114944,114479],{"class":1992},[20,114946,832],{},[205,114948,114949,114954,114961],{},[208,114950,114951,114953],{},[15,114952,339],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[208,114955,114956,2495,114958,114960],{},[15,114957,95],{},[15,114959,1517],{}," are added",[208,114962,114963,114964,114966],{},"The second ",[15,114965,1517],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114968,114969,114970,114973],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[176,114971,114972],{"href":99694},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114975,114977],{"id":114976},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114979,8382,114980,114982],{},[15,114981,15572],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114984,114986],{"className":37,"code":114985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114987,114988,115009,115030,115034,115050,115054,115064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114989,114990,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114991,114992],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114994,55],{"class":54},[44,114996,59],{"class":58},[44,114998,63],{"class":62},[44,115000,66],{"class":58},[44,115002,69],{"class":62},[44,115004,66],{"class":58},[44,115006,74],{"class":62},[44,115008,82],{"class":58},[44,115010,115011,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115012,115013],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,115015,55],{"class":54},[44,115017,59],{"class":58},[44,115019,95],{"class":62},[44,115021,66],{"class":58},[44,115023,79],{"class":62},[44,115025,66],{"class":58},[44,115027,104],{"class":62},[44,115029,82],{"class":58},[44,115031,115032],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115033,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115035,115036,115039,115041,115043,115045,115048],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115037,115038],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,115040,120],{"class":58},[44,115042,31083],{"class":123},[44,115044,127],{"class":58},[44,115046,115047],{"class":123},"set_b",[44,115049,133],{"class":58},[44,115051,115052],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115053,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115055,115056,115058,115060,115062],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,115057,140],{"class":139},[44,115059,127],{"class":58},[44,115061,115038],{"class":123},[44,115063,133],{"class":58},[44,115065,115066],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,115067,112440],{"class":1992},[20,115069,115070],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115072,115073,115074,120],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[176,115075,115076],{"href":2549},[15,115077,108492],{},[35,115079,115081],{"className":37,"code":115080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115082,115083,115103,115123,115127,115147,115151,115162,115166,115176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115086,114992],{"class":50},[44,115088,55],{"class":54},[44,115090,59],{"class":58},[44,115092,63],{"class":62},[44,115094,66],{"class":58},[44,115096,69],{"class":62},[44,115098,66],{"class":58},[44,115100,74],{"class":62},[44,115102,82],{"class":58},[44,115104,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115106,115013],{"class":50},[44,115108,55],{"class":54},[44,115110,59],{"class":58},[44,115112,95],{"class":62},[44,115114,66],{"class":58},[44,115116,79],{"class":62},[44,115118,66],{"class":58},[44,115120,104],{"class":62},[44,115122,82],{"class":58},[44,115124,115125],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115126,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115128,115129,115132,115134,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115130,115131],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,115133,55],{"class":54},[44,115135,115136],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,115138,120],{"class":58},[44,115140,111718],{"class":123},[44,115142,127],{"class":58},[44,115144,115047],{"class":123},[44,115146,133],{"class":58},[44,115148,115149],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115150,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115152,115153,115155,115157,115160],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,115154,140],{"class":139},[44,115156,127],{"class":58},[44,115158,115159],{"class":123},"combined",[44,115161,133],{"class":58},[44,115163,115164],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,115165,112440],{"class":1992},[44,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,115169,140],{"class":139},[44,115171,127],{"class":58},[44,115173,115038],{"class":123},[44,115175,133],{"class":58},[44,115177,115178],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,115179,115180],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,115182,115184],{"id":115183},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115186,65363,115187,115189],{},[15,115188,15572],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,115191,115193],{"className":37,"code":115192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115194,115195,115211,115229,115233,115243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115196,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115198,36712],{"class":50},[44,115200,55],{"class":54},[44,115202,59],{"class":58},[44,115204,633],{"class":583},[44,115206,2801],{"class":587},[44,115208,633],{"class":583},[44,115210,82],{"class":58},[44,115212,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221,115223,115225,115227],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115214,36765],{"class":50},[44,115216,120],{"class":58},[44,115218,31083],{"class":123},[44,115220,127],{"class":58},[44,115222,633],{"class":583},[44,115224,2122],{"class":587},[44,115226,633],{"class":583},[44,115228,133],{"class":58},[44,115230,115231],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115232,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115234,115235,115237,115239,115241],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115236,140],{"class":139},[44,115238,127],{"class":58},[44,115240,36765],{"class":123},[44,115242,133],{"class":58},[44,115244,115245],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115246,115247],{"class":1992},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115249,115250],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115252,115253,14671,115256,115258,115259,115261],{},[15,115254,115255],{},"update(\"cat\")",[197,115257,199],{}," add ",[15,115260,113485],{}," as one item. It adds:",[205,115263,115264,115268,115272],{},[208,115265,115266],{},[15,115267,67105],{},[208,115269,115270],{},[15,115271,18714],{},[208,115273,115274],{},[15,115275,113501],{},[20,115277,115278,115279,1598],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[176,115280,115281],{"href":99117},[15,115282,96831],{},[35,115284,115286],{"className":37,"code":115285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115287,115288,115304,115322,115326,115336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115289,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115291,4692],{"class":50},[44,115293,55],{"class":54},[44,115295,59],{"class":58},[44,115297,633],{"class":583},[44,115299,2131],{"class":587},[44,115301,633],{"class":583},[44,115303,82],{"class":58},[44,115305,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115307,4734],{"class":50},[44,115309,120],{"class":58},[44,115311,82729],{"class":123},[44,115313,127],{"class":58},[44,115315,633],{"class":583},[44,115317,2122],{"class":587},[44,115319,633],{"class":583},[44,115321,133],{"class":58},[44,115323,115324],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115325,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115327,115328,115330,115332,115334],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115329,140],{"class":139},[44,115331,127],{"class":58},[44,115333,4734],{"class":123},[44,115335,133],{"class":58},[44,115337,115338],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115339,115340],{"class":1992},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,115342,115344,1036,115346],{"id":115343},"update-vs-add",[15,115345,15572],{},[15,115347,96826],{},[20,115349,115350],{},"The difference is simple:",[205,115352,115353,115357],{},[208,115354,115355,97421],{},[15,115356,96826],{},[208,115358,115359,97426],{},[15,115360,15572],{},[20,115362,46663,115363,1598],{},[15,115364,96826],{},[35,115366,115368],{"className":37,"code":115367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115369,115370,115386,115404,115408,115418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115371,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115373,36861],{"class":50},[44,115375,55],{"class":54},[44,115377,59],{"class":58},[44,115379,633],{"class":583},[44,115381,636],{"class":587},[44,115383,633],{"class":583},[44,115385,82],{"class":58},[44,115387,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115389,36913],{"class":50},[44,115391,120],{"class":58},[44,115393,82729],{"class":123},[44,115395,127],{"class":58},[44,115397,633],{"class":583},[44,115399,646],{"class":587},[44,115401,633],{"class":583},[44,115403,133],{"class":58},[44,115405,115406],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115407,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115409,115410,115412,115414,115416],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115411,140],{"class":139},[44,115413,127],{"class":58},[44,115415,36913],{"class":123},[44,115417,133],{"class":58},[44,115419,115420],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115421,115422],{"class":1992},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115424,46663,115425,1598],{},[15,115426,15572],{},[35,115428,115430],{"className":37,"code":115429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115431,115432,115448,115474,115478,115488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115433,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115435,36861],{"class":50},[44,115437,55],{"class":54},[44,115439,59],{"class":58},[44,115441,633],{"class":583},[44,115443,636],{"class":587},[44,115445,633],{"class":583},[44,115447,82],{"class":58},[44,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115451,36913],{"class":50},[44,115453,120],{"class":58},[44,115455,31083],{"class":123},[44,115457,3609],{"class":58},[44,115459,633],{"class":583},[44,115461,646],{"class":587},[44,115463,633],{"class":583},[44,115465,66],{"class":58},[44,115467,643],{"class":583},[44,115469,655],{"class":587},[44,115471,633],{"class":583},[44,115473,4509],{"class":58},[44,115475,115476],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115477,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115481,140],{"class":139},[44,115483,127],{"class":58},[44,115485,36913],{"class":123},[44,115487,133],{"class":58},[44,115489,115490],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115491,115492],{"class":1992},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115494,115495],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,115497,115499],{"className":37,"code":115498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115500,115501,115517,115535,115539,115549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115502,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115504,36861],{"class":50},[44,115506,55],{"class":54},[44,115508,59],{"class":58},[44,115510,633],{"class":583},[44,115512,636],{"class":587},[44,115514,633],{"class":583},[44,115516,82],{"class":58},[44,115518,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115520,36913],{"class":50},[44,115522,120],{"class":58},[44,115524,31083],{"class":123},[44,115526,127],{"class":58},[44,115528,633],{"class":583},[44,115530,38963],{"class":587},[44,115532,633],{"class":583},[44,115534,133],{"class":58},[44,115536,115537],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115538,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115542,140],{"class":139},[44,115544,127],{"class":58},[44,115546,36913],{"class":123},[44,115548,133],{"class":58},[44,115550,115551],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115552,115553],{"class":1992},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115555,62729,115556,62802,115559,7248],{},[15,115557,115558],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115560,96826],{},[30,115562,115564,1036,115566],{"id":115563},"update-vs-union",[15,115565,15572],{},[15,115567,2552],{},[20,115569,115570],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1044,115572,115573],{"id":31083},[15,115574,15572],{},[205,115576,115577,115580],{},[208,115578,115579],{},"Changes the existing set",[208,115581,12041,115582],{},[15,115583,4398],{},[35,115585,115587],{"className":37,"code":115586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115588,115589,115605,115621,115625,115639,115649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115590,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115592,51],{"class":50},[44,115594,55],{"class":54},[44,115596,59],{"class":58},[44,115598,63],{"class":62},[44,115600,66],{"class":58},[44,115602,69],{"class":62},[44,115604,82],{"class":58},[44,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115608,88],{"class":50},[44,115610,55],{"class":54},[44,115612,59],{"class":58},[44,115614,339],{"class":62},[44,115616,66],{"class":58},[44,115618,74],{"class":62},[44,115620,82],{"class":58},[44,115622,115623],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115624,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115626,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115628,176],{"class":50},[44,115630,120],{"class":58},[44,115632,31083],{"class":123},[44,115634,127],{"class":58},[44,115636,130],{"class":123},[44,115638,133],{"class":58},[44,115640,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115642,140],{"class":139},[44,115644,127],{"class":58},[44,115646,176],{"class":123},[44,115648,133],{"class":58},[44,115650,115651],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,115652,115180],{"class":1992},[1044,115654,115655],{"id":111718},[15,115656,2552],{},[205,115658,115659,115661],{},[208,115660,1052],{},[208,115662,1055],{},[35,115664,115666],{"className":37,"code":115665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115667,115668,115684,115700,115704,115722,115732,115736,115746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115669,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115671,51],{"class":50},[44,115673,55],{"class":54},[44,115675,59],{"class":58},[44,115677,63],{"class":62},[44,115679,66],{"class":58},[44,115681,69],{"class":62},[44,115683,82],{"class":58},[44,115685,115686,115688,115690,115692,115694,115696,115698],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115687,88],{"class":50},[44,115689,55],{"class":54},[44,115691,59],{"class":58},[44,115693,339],{"class":62},[44,115695,66],{"class":58},[44,115697,74],{"class":62},[44,115699,82],{"class":58},[44,115701,115702],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115703,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115705,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115707,350],{"class":50},[44,115709,55],{"class":54},[44,115711,117],{"class":50},[44,115713,120],{"class":58},[44,115715,111718],{"class":123},[44,115717,127],{"class":58},[44,115719,130],{"class":123},[44,115721,133],{"class":58},[44,115723,115724,115726,115728,115730],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115725,140],{"class":139},[44,115727,127],{"class":58},[44,115729,431],{"class":123},[44,115731,133],{"class":58},[44,115733,115734],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,115735,115180],{"class":1992},[44,115737,115738,115740,115742,115744],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,115739,140],{"class":139},[44,115741,127],{"class":58},[44,115743,176],{"class":123},[44,115745,133],{"class":58},[44,115747,115748],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,115749,115750],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115752,108134,115753,115755,115756,115760],{},[15,115754,15572],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[176,115757,115758],{"href":2549},[15,115759,2552],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,115762,115764],{"id":115763},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115766,11366,115767,120],{},[15,115768,97932],{},[1044,115770,115772],{"id":115771},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115774,115775],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,115777,115779],{"className":37,"code":115778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115780,115781,115797,115819,115823,115833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115782,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115784,16247],{"class":50},[44,115786,55],{"class":54},[44,115788,59],{"class":58},[44,115790,63],{"class":62},[44,115792,66],{"class":58},[44,115794,69],{"class":62},[44,115796,82],{"class":58},[44,115798,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115800,112],{"class":50},[44,115802,55],{"class":54},[44,115804,97542],{"class":50},[44,115806,120],{"class":58},[44,115808,31083],{"class":123},[44,115810,3609],{"class":58},[44,115812,95],{"class":62},[44,115814,66],{"class":58},[44,115816,79],{"class":62},[44,115818,4509],{"class":58},[44,115820,115821],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115822,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115826,140],{"class":139},[44,115828,127],{"class":58},[44,115830,145],{"class":123},[44,115832,133],{"class":58},[44,115834,115835],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115836,62454],{"class":1992},[20,115838,115839,115840,1598],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115841,15572],{},[35,115843,115845],{"className":37,"code":115844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115846,115847,115863,115881,115885,115895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115848,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115850,16247],{"class":50},[44,115852,55],{"class":54},[44,115854,59],{"class":58},[44,115856,63],{"class":62},[44,115858,66],{"class":58},[44,115860,69],{"class":62},[44,115862,82],{"class":58},[44,115864,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115866,16284],{"class":50},[44,115868,120],{"class":58},[44,115870,31083],{"class":123},[44,115872,3609],{"class":58},[44,115874,95],{"class":62},[44,115876,66],{"class":58},[44,115878,79],{"class":62},[44,115880,4509],{"class":58},[44,115882,115883],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115884,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115888,140],{"class":139},[44,115890,127],{"class":58},[44,115892,16284],{"class":123},[44,115894,133],{"class":58},[44,115896,115897],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,115898,114479],{"class":1992},[1044,115900,115902],{"id":115901},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115904,3461],{},[35,115906,115908],{"className":37,"code":115907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115909,115910,115926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115911,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115913,16247],{"class":50},[44,115915,55],{"class":54},[44,115917,59],{"class":58},[44,115919,63],{"class":62},[44,115921,66],{"class":58},[44,115923,69],{"class":62},[44,115925,82],{"class":58},[44,115927,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115929,16284],{"class":50},[44,115931,120],{"class":58},[44,115933,31083],{"class":123},[44,115935,127],{"class":58},[44,115937,357],{"class":62},[44,115939,133],{"class":58},[20,115941,62908,115942,9224,115944,115946],{},[15,115943,3628],{},[15,115945,357],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115948,7171],{},[35,115950,115952],{"className":37,"code":115951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115953,115954,115970,115984,115988,115998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115955,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115957,16247],{"class":50},[44,115959,55],{"class":54},[44,115961,59],{"class":58},[44,115963,63],{"class":62},[44,115965,66],{"class":58},[44,115967,69],{"class":62},[44,115969,82],{"class":58},[44,115971,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,115973,16284],{"class":50},[44,115975,120],{"class":58},[44,115977,31083],{"class":123},[44,115979,3609],{"class":58},[44,115981,357],{"class":62},[44,115983,4509],{"class":58},[44,115985,115986],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,115987,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,115989,115990,115992,115994,115996],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,115991,140],{"class":139},[44,115993,127],{"class":58},[44,115995,16284],{"class":123},[44,115997,133],{"class":58},[44,115999,116000],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116001,116002],{"class":1992},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116004,46536,116005,120],{},[176,116006,26298,116007],{"href":53225},[15,116008,116009],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1044,116011,116013],{"id":116012},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116015,116016],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,116018,116020],{"className":37,"code":116019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116021,116022,116038,116064,116068,116078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116023,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116025,16247],{"class":50},[44,116027,55],{"class":54},[44,116029,59],{"class":58},[44,116031,63],{"class":62},[44,116033,66],{"class":58},[44,116035,69],{"class":62},[44,116037,82],{"class":58},[44,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116041,16284],{"class":50},[44,116043,120],{"class":58},[44,116045,31083],{"class":123},[44,116047,3609],{"class":58},[44,116049,339],{"class":62},[44,116051,66],{"class":58},[44,116053,69],{"class":62},[44,116055,66],{"class":58},[44,116057,69],{"class":62},[44,116059,66],{"class":58},[44,116061,74],{"class":62},[44,116063,4509],{"class":58},[44,116065,116066],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116067,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116069,116070,116072,116074,116076],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116071,140],{"class":139},[44,116073,127],{"class":58},[44,116075,16284],{"class":123},[44,116077,133],{"class":58},[44,116079,116080],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116081,115180],{"class":1992},[1044,116083,116085,116086,45253,116088,116090],{"id":116084},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116087,15572],{},[15,116089,96826],{}," is better",[20,116092,116093,116094,116096],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116095,96826],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,116098,116100],{"className":37,"code":116099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116101,116102,116118,116136,116140,116150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116103,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116105,16247],{"class":50},[44,116107,55],{"class":54},[44,116109,59],{"class":58},[44,116111,633],{"class":583},[44,116113,2131],{"class":587},[44,116115,633],{"class":583},[44,116117,82],{"class":58},[44,116119,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116121,16284],{"class":50},[44,116123,120],{"class":58},[44,116125,82729],{"class":123},[44,116127,127],{"class":58},[44,116129,633],{"class":583},[44,116131,2122],{"class":587},[44,116133,633],{"class":583},[44,116135,133],{"class":58},[44,116137,116138],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116139,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116141,116142,116144,116146,116148],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116143,140],{"class":139},[44,116145,127],{"class":58},[44,116147,16284],{"class":123},[44,116149,133],{"class":58},[44,116151,116152],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116153,115340],{"class":1992},[30,116155,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,116157,2482,116159,97911],{"id":116158},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116160,97932],{},[20,116162,97914,116163,120],{},[15,116164,4398],{},[1044,116166,2509,116167,32846],{"id":32843},[15,116168,15572],{},[20,116170,116171],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1044,116173,2492,116175,2495,116177,1447],{"id":116174},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116176,96826],{},[15,116178,15572],{},[20,116180,116181,116183,116184,116186],{},[15,116182,96826],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116185,15572],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1044,116188,116190],{"id":116189},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116192,116193,116194,115189],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116195,15572],{},[1044,116197,116199],{"id":116198},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116201,1296,116202,11711,116204,120],{},[15,116203,2552],{},[15,116205,15572],{},[30,116207,2528],{"id":2527},[205,116209,116210,116217,116224,116230,116236],{},[208,116211,116212],{},[176,116213,116214],{"href":99117},[15,116215,116216],{},"Python set add() method",[208,116218,116219],{},[176,116220,116221],{"href":2549},[15,116222,116223],{},"Python set union() method",[208,116225,116226],{},[176,116227,116228],{"href":98500},[15,116229,97956],{},[208,116231,116232],{},[176,116233,116234],{"href":99694},[15,116235,100960],{},[208,116237,116238],{},[176,116239,116240,116242],{"href":53225},[15,116241,116009],{}," fix",[20,116244,116245,116246,116248,116249,116251],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116247,96831],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116250,108492],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2554,116253,116254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":116256},[116257,116258,116260,116261,116262,116263,116264,116265,116267,116272,116279,116288],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":114487,"depth":85,"text":116259},"What set.update() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":22587,"depth":85,"text":22588},{"id":114873,"depth":85,"text":114874},{"id":114976,"depth":85,"text":114977},{"id":115183,"depth":85,"text":115184},{"id":115343,"depth":85,"text":116266},"update() vs add()",{"id":115563,"depth":85,"text":116268,"children":116269},"update() vs union()",[116270,116271],{"id":31083,"depth":109,"text":15572},{"id":111718,"depth":109,"text":2552},{"id":115763,"depth":85,"text":115764,"children":116273},[116274,116275,116276,116277],{"id":115771,"depth":109,"text":115772},{"id":115901,"depth":109,"text":115902},{"id":116012,"depth":109,"text":116013},{"id":116084,"depth":109,"text":116278},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":116280},[116281,116283,116284,116286,116287],{"id":116158,"depth":109,"text":116282},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32843,"depth":109,"text":32916},{"id":116174,"depth":109,"text":116285},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116189,"depth":109,"text":116190},{"id":116198,"depth":109,"text":116199},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114399,"description":116289},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116295,"title":116296,"body":116297,"description":118063,"extension":2593,"meta":118064,"navigation":364,"path":14407,"seo":118065,"stem":118066,"__hash__":118067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116298,"toc":118038},[116299,116302,116305,116308,116319,116327,116330,116332,116481,116493,116497,116514,116518,116526,116528,116539,116541,116638,116644,116647,116743,116752,116757,116761,116766,116768,116778,116780,116889,116897,116901,116904,116907,116924,116930,117010,117013,117017,117020,117024,117027,117086,117089,117093,117096,117188,117192,117195,117302,117306,117312,117340,117342,117424,117434,117438,117441,117452,117455,117540,117543,117548,117552,117555,117566,117569,117711,117714,117718,117721,117735,117738,117799,117805,117807,117810,117832,117835,117935,117938,117970,117972,117976,117979,117981,117984,117988,117991,117995,117998,118002,118005,118007,118035],[10,116300,116296],{"id":116301},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116303,116304],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116306,116307],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[205,116309,116310,116313,116316],{},[208,116311,116312],{},"a list inside another list",[208,116314,116315],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[208,116317,116318],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116320,100882,116321,2495,116323,116326],{},[197,116322,13467],{},[197,116324,116325],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116328,116329],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,116331,2634],{"id":2633},[35,116333,116335],{"className":37,"code":116334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116336,116337,116344,116348,116374,116394,116414,116418,116436,116440,116453,116467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116338,116339,116341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116340,35711],{"class":4496},[44,116342,116343],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,116345,116346],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116347,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116349,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116351,12702],{"class":50},[44,116353,55],{"class":54},[44,116355,56919],{"class":58},[44,116357,63],{"class":62},[44,116359,66],{"class":58},[44,116361,69],{"class":62},[44,116363,18680],{"class":58},[44,116365,1954],{"class":58},[44,116367,95],{"class":62},[44,116369,66],{"class":58},[44,116371,79],{"class":62},[44,116373,53868],{"class":58},[44,116375,116376,116379,116381,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116377,116378],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,116380,55],{"class":54},[44,116382,116383],{"class":50}," copy",[44,116385,120],{"class":58},[44,116387,13528],{"class":123},[44,116389,127],{"class":58},[44,116391,12749],{"class":123},[44,116393,133],{"class":58},[44,116395,116396,116399,116401,116403,116405,116408,116410,116412],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116397,116398],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,116400,55],{"class":54},[44,116402,116383],{"class":50},[44,116404,120],{"class":58},[44,116406,116407],{"class":123},"deepcopy",[44,116409,127],{"class":58},[44,116411,12749],{"class":123},[44,116413,133],{"class":58},[44,116415,116416],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,116417,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116419,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,116421,12749],{"class":50},[44,116423,4521],{"class":58},[44,116425,2748],{"class":62},[44,116427,14167],{"class":58},[44,116429,14170],{"class":123},[44,116431,127],{"class":58},[44,116433,56972],{"class":62},[44,116435,133],{"class":58},[44,116437,116438],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,116439,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116441,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,116443,140],{"class":139},[44,116445,127],{"class":58},[44,116447,12749],{"class":123},[44,116449,4281],{"class":58},[44,116451,116452],{"class":1992},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116454,116455,116457,116459,116462,116464],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,116456,140],{"class":139},[44,116458,127],{"class":58},[44,116460,116461],{"class":123},"shallow",[44,116463,4281],{"class":58},[44,116465,116466],{"class":1992},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116468,116469,116471,116473,116476,116478],{"class":46,"line":12211},[44,116470,140],{"class":139},[44,116472,127],{"class":58},[44,116474,116475],{"class":123},"deep",[44,116477,4281],{"class":58},[44,116479,116480],{"class":1992},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116482,1296,116483,116486,116487,2495,116489,116492],{},[15,116484,116485],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[197,116488,13467],{},[15,116490,116491],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,116494,116496],{"id":116495},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[205,116498,116499,116502,116505,116508,116511],{},[208,116500,116501],{},"What a copy means in Python",[208,116503,116504],{},"How shallow copy works",[208,116506,116507],{},"How deep copy works",[208,116509,116510],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[208,116512,116513],{},"When to use each approach",[30,116515,116517],{"id":116516},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116519,15807,116520,116522,116523,116525],{},[197,116521,13467],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[197,116524,199],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116527,2735],{},[205,116529,116530,116533,116536],{},[208,116531,116532],{},"the outer container is new",[208,116534,116535],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[208,116537,116538],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116540,295],{},[35,116542,116544],{"className":37,"code":116543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116545,116546,116572,116586,116590,116608,116612,116625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116547,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116549,12702],{"class":50},[44,116551,55],{"class":54},[44,116553,56919],{"class":58},[44,116555,63],{"class":62},[44,116557,66],{"class":58},[44,116559,69],{"class":62},[44,116561,18680],{"class":58},[44,116563,1954],{"class":58},[44,116565,95],{"class":62},[44,116567,66],{"class":58},[44,116569,79],{"class":62},[44,116571,53868],{"class":58},[44,116573,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116575,14929],{"class":50},[44,116577,55],{"class":54},[44,116579,12777],{"class":50},[44,116581,120],{"class":58},[44,116583,13528],{"class":123},[44,116585,571],{"class":58},[44,116587,116588],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116589,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116593,14948],{"class":50},[44,116595,120],{"class":58},[44,116597,14170],{"class":123},[44,116599,3609],{"class":58},[44,116601,357],{"class":62},[44,116603,66],{"class":58},[44,116605,911],{"class":62},[44,116607,4509],{"class":58},[44,116609,116610],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116611,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116613,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,116615,140],{"class":139},[44,116617,127],{"class":58},[44,116619,12749],{"class":123},[44,116621,4281],{"class":58},[44,116623,116624],{"class":1992},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116626,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,116628,140],{"class":139},[44,116630,127],{"class":58},[44,116632,14948],{"class":123},[44,116634,4281],{"class":58},[44,116636,116637],{"class":1992},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116639,116640,116641,116643],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116642,14948],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116645,116646],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,116648,116650],{"className":37,"code":116649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116651,116652,116678,116692,116696,116714,116718,116730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116655,12702],{"class":50},[44,116657,55],{"class":54},[44,116659,56919],{"class":58},[44,116661,63],{"class":62},[44,116663,66],{"class":58},[44,116665,69],{"class":62},[44,116667,18680],{"class":58},[44,116669,1954],{"class":58},[44,116671,95],{"class":62},[44,116673,66],{"class":58},[44,116675,79],{"class":62},[44,116677,53868],{"class":58},[44,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116681,14929],{"class":50},[44,116683,55],{"class":54},[44,116685,12777],{"class":50},[44,116687,120],{"class":58},[44,116689,13528],{"class":123},[44,116691,571],{"class":58},[44,116693,116694],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116695,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116697,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116699,14948],{"class":50},[44,116701,4521],{"class":58},[44,116703,2748],{"class":62},[44,116705,14167],{"class":58},[44,116707,14170],{"class":123},[44,116709,127],{"class":58},[44,116711,56972],{"class":62},[44,116713,133],{"class":58},[44,116715,116716],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116717,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116719,116720,116722,116724,116726,116728],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,116721,140],{"class":139},[44,116723,127],{"class":58},[44,116725,12749],{"class":123},[44,116727,4281],{"class":58},[44,116729,116452],{"class":1992},[44,116731,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,116733,140],{"class":139},[44,116735,127],{"class":58},[44,116737,14948],{"class":123},[44,116739,4281],{"class":58},[44,116741,116742],{"class":1992},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116744,116745,116746,2495,116748,116751],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116747,57076],{},[15,116749,116750],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116753,116754,116755,120],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[176,116756,44559],{"href":12681},[30,116758,116760],{"id":116759},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116762,15807,116763,116765],{},[197,116764,116325],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116767,2735],{},[205,116769,116770,116772,116775],{},[208,116771,116532],{},[208,116773,116774],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[208,116776,116777],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116779,295],{},[35,116781,116783],{"className":37,"code":116782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116784,116785,116791,116795,116821,116839,116843,116861,116865,116877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116786,116787,116789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116788,35711],{"class":4496},[44,116790,116343],{"class":50},[44,116792,116793],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116794,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116796,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116798,12702],{"class":50},[44,116800,55],{"class":54},[44,116802,56919],{"class":58},[44,116804,63],{"class":62},[44,116806,66],{"class":58},[44,116808,69],{"class":62},[44,116810,18680],{"class":58},[44,116812,1954],{"class":58},[44,116814,95],{"class":62},[44,116816,66],{"class":58},[44,116818,79],{"class":62},[44,116820,53868],{"class":58},[44,116822,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116824,14929],{"class":50},[44,116826,55],{"class":54},[44,116828,116383],{"class":50},[44,116830,120],{"class":58},[44,116832,116407],{"class":123},[44,116834,127],{"class":58},[44,116836,12749],{"class":123},[44,116838,133],{"class":58},[44,116840,116841],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116842,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116844,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,116846,14948],{"class":50},[44,116848,4521],{"class":58},[44,116850,2748],{"class":62},[44,116852,14167],{"class":58},[44,116854,14170],{"class":123},[44,116856,127],{"class":58},[44,116858,56972],{"class":62},[44,116860,133],{"class":58},[44,116862,116863],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,116864,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116866,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,116868,140],{"class":139},[44,116870,127],{"class":58},[44,116872,12749],{"class":123},[44,116874,4281],{"class":58},[44,116876,116624],{"class":1992},[44,116878,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,116880,140],{"class":139},[44,116882,127],{"class":58},[44,116884,14948],{"class":123},[44,116886,4281],{"class":58},[44,116888,116742],{"class":1992},[20,116890,116891,116892,116894,116895,120],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116893,116750],{}," does not change ",[15,116896,57076],{},[30,116898,116900],{"id":116899},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116902,116903],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116905,116906],{},"Common reasons:",[205,116908,116909,116912,116915,116921],{},[208,116910,116911],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[208,116913,116914],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[208,116916,116917,116918,116920],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116919,55],{}," does not make a copy",[208,116922,116923],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116925,116926,116927,116929],{},"For example, this does ",[197,116928,199],{}," create a copy:",[35,116931,116933],{"className":37,"code":116932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116934,116935,116955,116963,116967,116981,116985,116997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116936,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116938,12702],{"class":50},[44,116940,55],{"class":54},[44,116942,1954],{"class":58},[44,116944,63],{"class":62},[44,116946,66],{"class":58},[44,116948,69],{"class":62},[44,116950,66],{"class":58},[44,116952,74],{"class":62},[44,116954,1967],{"class":58},[44,116956,116957,116959,116961],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,116958,14929],{"class":50},[44,116960,55],{"class":54},[44,116962,12740],{"class":50},[44,116964,116965],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,116966,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116968,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,116970,14948],{"class":50},[44,116972,120],{"class":58},[44,116974,14170],{"class":123},[44,116976,127],{"class":58},[44,116978,1517],{"class":62},[44,116980,133],{"class":58},[44,116982,116983],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,116984,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,116986,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,116988,140],{"class":139},[44,116990,127],{"class":58},[44,116992,12749],{"class":123},[44,116994,4281],{"class":58},[44,116996,56326],{"class":1992},[44,116998,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117000,140],{"class":139},[44,117002,127],{"class":58},[44,117004,14948],{"class":123},[44,117006,4281],{"class":58},[44,117008,117009],{"class":1992},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117011,117012],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,117014,117016],{"id":117015},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117018,117019],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1044,117021,117023],{"id":117022},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117025,117026],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,117028,117030],{"className":37,"code":117029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117031,117032,117058,117066,117070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117033,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117035,12702],{"class":50},[44,117037,55],{"class":54},[44,117039,56919],{"class":58},[44,117041,63],{"class":62},[44,117043,66],{"class":58},[44,117045,69],{"class":62},[44,117047,18680],{"class":58},[44,117049,1954],{"class":58},[44,117051,95],{"class":62},[44,117053,66],{"class":58},[44,117055,79],{"class":62},[44,117057,53868],{"class":58},[44,117059,117060,117062,117064],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117061,14720],{"class":50},[44,117063,55],{"class":54},[44,117065,12740],{"class":50},[44,117067,117068],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117069,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117071,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117073,140],{"class":139},[44,117075,127],{"class":58},[44,117077,12702],{"class":123},[44,117079,12810],{"class":4496},[44,117081,14788],{"class":123},[44,117083,4281],{"class":58},[44,117085,4284],{"class":1992},[20,117087,117088],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1044,117090,117092],{"id":117091},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117094,117095],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,117097,117099],{"className":37,"code":117098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117100,117101,117127,117141,117145,117162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117104,12702],{"class":50},[44,117106,55],{"class":54},[44,117108,56919],{"class":58},[44,117110,63],{"class":62},[44,117112,66],{"class":58},[44,117114,69],{"class":62},[44,117116,18680],{"class":58},[44,117118,1954],{"class":58},[44,117120,95],{"class":62},[44,117122,66],{"class":58},[44,117124,79],{"class":62},[44,117126,53868],{"class":58},[44,117128,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117130,116378],{"class":50},[44,117132,55],{"class":54},[44,117134,12777],{"class":50},[44,117136,120],{"class":58},[44,117138,13528],{"class":123},[44,117140,571],{"class":58},[44,117142,117143],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117144,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117146,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117158,117160],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117148,140],{"class":139},[44,117150,127],{"class":58},[44,117152,12702],{"class":123},[44,117154,12810],{"class":4496},[44,117156,117157],{"class":123}," shallow",[44,117159,4281],{"class":58},[44,117161,21819],{"class":1992},[44,117163,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117165,140],{"class":139},[44,117167,127],{"class":58},[44,117169,12749],{"class":123},[44,117171,4521],{"class":58},[44,117173,2748],{"class":62},[44,117175,13890],{"class":58},[44,117177,8718],{"class":4496},[44,117179,117157],{"class":123},[44,117181,4521],{"class":58},[44,117183,2748],{"class":62},[44,117185,21064],{"class":58},[44,117187,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,117189,117191],{"id":117190},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117193,117194],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,117196,117198],{"className":37,"code":117197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117199,117200,117206,117210,117236,117254,117258,117276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117201,117202,117204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117203,35711],{"class":4496},[44,117205,116343],{"class":50},[44,117207,117208],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117209,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117211,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232,117234],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117213,12702],{"class":50},[44,117215,55],{"class":54},[44,117217,56919],{"class":58},[44,117219,63],{"class":62},[44,117221,66],{"class":58},[44,117223,69],{"class":62},[44,117225,18680],{"class":58},[44,117227,1954],{"class":58},[44,117229,95],{"class":62},[44,117231,66],{"class":58},[44,117233,79],{"class":62},[44,117235,53868],{"class":58},[44,117237,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117239,116398],{"class":50},[44,117241,55],{"class":54},[44,117243,116383],{"class":50},[44,117245,120],{"class":58},[44,117247,116407],{"class":123},[44,117249,127],{"class":58},[44,117251,12749],{"class":123},[44,117253,133],{"class":58},[44,117255,117256],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117257,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117259,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117271,117273],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,117261,140],{"class":139},[44,117263,127],{"class":58},[44,117265,12702],{"class":123},[44,117267,12810],{"class":4496},[44,117269,117270],{"class":123}," deep",[44,117272,4281],{"class":58},[44,117274,117275],{"class":1992},"         # False\n",[44,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117279,140],{"class":139},[44,117281,127],{"class":58},[44,117283,12749],{"class":123},[44,117285,4521],{"class":58},[44,117287,2748],{"class":62},[44,117289,13890],{"class":58},[44,117291,8718],{"class":4496},[44,117293,117270],{"class":123},[44,117295,4521],{"class":58},[44,117297,2748],{"class":62},[44,117299,21064],{"class":58},[44,117301,44495],{"class":1992},[30,117303,117305],{"id":117304},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117307,117308,117309,1598],{},"These all make ",[197,117310,117311],{},"shallow copies",[205,117313,117314,117318,117322,117327,117333],{},[208,117315,117316],{},[15,117317,56226],{},[208,117319,117320],{},[15,117321,13051],{},[208,117323,117324],{},[15,117325,117326],{},"set.copy()",[208,117328,117329,117330],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117331,117332],{},"my_list[:]",[208,117334,117335,117337,117338,35701],{},[15,117336,116485],{}," from the ",[15,117339,13528],{},[20,117341,2754],{},[35,117343,117345],{"className":37,"code":117344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117346,117347,117367,117371,117385,117396,117400,117412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117348,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117350,884],{"class":50},[44,117352,55],{"class":54},[44,117354,1954],{"class":58},[44,117356,63],{"class":62},[44,117358,66],{"class":58},[44,117360,69],{"class":62},[44,117362,66],{"class":58},[44,117364,74],{"class":62},[44,117366,1967],{"class":58},[44,117368,117369],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117370,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117372,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117374,51],{"class":50},[44,117376,55],{"class":54},[44,117378,975],{"class":50},[44,117380,120],{"class":58},[44,117382,13528],{"class":123},[44,117384,571],{"class":58},[44,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117388,88],{"class":50},[44,117390,55],{"class":54},[44,117392,975],{"class":50},[44,117394,117395],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,117397,117398],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117399,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117401,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,117403,140],{"class":139},[44,117405,127],{"class":58},[44,117407,176],{"class":123},[44,117409,4281],{"class":58},[44,117411,55558],{"class":1992},[44,117413,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117415,140],{"class":139},[44,117417,127],{"class":58},[44,117419,130],{"class":123},[44,117421,4281],{"class":58},[44,117423,55558],{"class":1992},[20,117425,73764,117426,48157,117430,120],{},[176,117427,117428,2544],{"href":55586},[15,117429,56226],{},[176,117431,117432,2544],{"href":13048},[15,117433,13051],{},[30,117435,117437],{"id":117436},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117439,117440],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[205,117442,117443,117446,117449],{},[208,117444,117445],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[208,117447,117448],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[208,117450,117451],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117453,117454],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,117456,117458],{"className":37,"code":117457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117459,117460,117480,117494,117498,117512,117516,117528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117461,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117463,12702],{"class":50},[44,117465,55],{"class":54},[44,117467,1954],{"class":58},[44,117469,63],{"class":62},[44,117471,66],{"class":58},[44,117473,69],{"class":62},[44,117475,66],{"class":58},[44,117477,74],{"class":62},[44,117479,1967],{"class":58},[44,117481,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117483,14929],{"class":50},[44,117485,55],{"class":54},[44,117487,12777],{"class":50},[44,117489,120],{"class":58},[44,117491,13528],{"class":123},[44,117493,571],{"class":58},[44,117495,117496],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117497,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117501,14948],{"class":50},[44,117503,120],{"class":58},[44,117505,14170],{"class":123},[44,117507,127],{"class":58},[44,117509,1517],{"class":62},[44,117511,133],{"class":58},[44,117513,117514],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117515,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117517,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,117519,140],{"class":139},[44,117521,127],{"class":58},[44,117523,12749],{"class":123},[44,117525,4281],{"class":58},[44,117527,55558],{"class":1992},[44,117529,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117531,140],{"class":139},[44,117533,127],{"class":58},[44,117535,14948],{"class":123},[44,117537,4281],{"class":58},[44,117539,117009],{"class":1992},[20,117541,117542],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117544,117545,117546,120],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[176,117547,15506],{"href":57844},[30,117549,117551],{"id":117550},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117553,117554],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[205,117556,117557,117560,117563],{},[208,117558,117559],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[208,117561,117562],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[208,117564,117565],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117567,117568],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,117570,117572],{"className":37,"code":117571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117573,117574,117580,117584,117610,117624,117642,117646,117668,117672,117685,117698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117575,117576,117578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117577,35711],{"class":4496},[44,117579,116343],{"class":50},[44,117581,117582],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117583,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117585,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117587,12702],{"class":50},[44,117589,55],{"class":54},[44,117591,59],{"class":58},[44,117593,633],{"class":583},[44,117595,17007],{"class":587},[44,117597,633],{"class":583},[44,117599,1598],{"class":58},[44,117601,1954],{"class":58},[44,117603,2958],{"class":62},[44,117605,66],{"class":58},[44,117607,8410],{"class":62},[44,117609,14323],{"class":58},[44,117611,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117613,116378],{"class":50},[44,117615,55],{"class":54},[44,117617,12777],{"class":50},[44,117619,120],{"class":58},[44,117621,13528],{"class":123},[44,117623,571],{"class":58},[44,117625,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117627,116398],{"class":50},[44,117629,55],{"class":54},[44,117631,116383],{"class":50},[44,117633,120],{"class":58},[44,117635,116407],{"class":123},[44,117637,127],{"class":58},[44,117639,12749],{"class":123},[44,117641,133],{"class":58},[44,117643,117644],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,117645,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117647,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117649,12749],{"class":50},[44,117651,4521],{"class":58},[44,117653,633],{"class":583},[44,117655,17007],{"class":587},[44,117657,633],{"class":583},[44,117659,14167],{"class":58},[44,117661,14170],{"class":123},[44,117663,127],{"class":58},[44,117665,37464],{"class":62},[44,117667,133],{"class":58},[44,117669,117670],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,117671,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117673,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,117675,140],{"class":139},[44,117677,127],{"class":58},[44,117679,12749],{"class":123},[44,117681,4281],{"class":58},[44,117683,117684],{"class":1992},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117686,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695],{"class":46,"line":7053},[44,117688,140],{"class":139},[44,117690,127],{"class":58},[44,117692,116461],{"class":123},[44,117694,4281],{"class":58},[44,117696,117697],{"class":1992},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117699,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708],{"class":46,"line":12211},[44,117701,140],{"class":139},[44,117703,127],{"class":58},[44,117705,116475],{"class":123},[44,117707,4281],{"class":58},[44,117709,117710],{"class":1992},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117712,117713],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,117715,117717],{"id":117716},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117719,117720],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[205,117722,117723,117726,117729,117732],{},[208,117724,117725],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[208,117727,117728],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[208,117730,117731],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[208,117733,117734],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117736,117737],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,117739,117741],{"className":37,"code":117740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117742,117743,117751,117759,117763,117771,117775,117787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117744,117745,117747,117749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117746,51],{"class":50},[44,117748,55],{"class":54},[44,117750,3211],{"class":62},[44,117752,117753,117755,117757],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117754,88],{"class":50},[44,117756,55],{"class":54},[44,117758,36797],{"class":50},[44,117760,117761],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117762,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117764,117765,117767,117769],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117766,88],{"class":50},[44,117768,55],{"class":54},[44,117770,15232],{"class":62},[44,117772,117773],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117774,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,117776,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,117778,140],{"class":139},[44,117780,127],{"class":58},[44,117782,176],{"class":123},[44,117784,4281],{"class":58},[44,117786,27414],{"class":1992},[44,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,117790,140],{"class":139},[44,117792,127],{"class":58},[44,117794,130],{"class":123},[44,117796,4281],{"class":58},[44,117798,28235],{"class":1992},[20,117800,94133,117801,117804],{},[176,117802,117803],{"href":12681},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117806,3454],{"id":3453},[20,117808,117809],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[205,117811,117812,117816,117821,117826,117829],{},[208,117813,863,117814,57409],{},[15,117815,55],{},[208,117817,863,117818,117820],{},[15,117819,56226],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[208,117822,863,117823,117825],{},[15,117824,13051],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[208,117827,117828],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[208,117830,117831],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117833,117834],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117836,117838],{"className":37,"code":117837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117839,117840,117854,117868,117890,117921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117843,140],{"class":139},[44,117845,127],{"class":58},[44,117847,12702],{"class":123},[44,117849,12810],{"class":4496},[44,117851,15002],{"class":123},[44,117853,133],{"class":58},[44,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,117857,140],{"class":139},[44,117859,127],{"class":58},[44,117861,12702],{"class":123},[44,117863,5305],{"class":54},[44,117865,15002],{"class":123},[44,117867,133],{"class":58},[44,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,117871,140],{"class":139},[44,117873,127],{"class":58},[44,117875,13266],{"class":139},[44,117877,127],{"class":58},[44,117879,12749],{"class":123},[44,117881,9856],{"class":58},[44,117883,15434],{"class":139},[44,117885,127],{"class":58},[44,117887,14948],{"class":123},[44,117889,556],{"class":58},[44,117891,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,117893,140],{"class":139},[44,117895,127],{"class":58},[44,117897,13266],{"class":139},[44,117899,127],{"class":58},[44,117901,12749],{"class":123},[44,117903,4521],{"class":58},[44,117905,2748],{"class":62},[44,117907,117908],{"class":58},"]),",[44,117910,15434],{"class":139},[44,117912,127],{"class":58},[44,117914,14948],{"class":123},[44,117916,4521],{"class":58},[44,117918,2748],{"class":62},[44,117920,3622],{"class":58},[44,117922,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,117924,140],{"class":139},[44,117926,127],{"class":58},[44,117928,549],{"class":548},[44,117930,127],{"class":58},[44,117932,12749],{"class":123},[44,117934,556],{"class":58},[20,117936,117937],{},"What they tell you:",[205,117939,117940,117945,117950,117955,117965],{},[208,117941,117942,117944],{},[15,117943,12810],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[208,117946,117947,117949],{},[15,117948,5305],{}," checks whether values are equal",[208,117951,117952,117954],{},[15,117953,44112],{}," shows the identity of an object",[208,117956,117957,117958,2495,117961,117964],{},"comparing ",[15,117959,117960],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117962,117963],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[208,117966,117967,117969],{},[15,117968,2929],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117971,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,117973,117975],{"id":117974},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117977,117978],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1044,117980,57894],{"id":57809},[20,117982,117983],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1044,117985,117987],{"id":117986},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117989,117990],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1044,117992,117994],{"id":117993},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117996,117997],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1044,117999,118001],{"id":118000},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118003,118004],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,118006,2528],{"id":2527},[205,118008,118009,118014,118020,118026,118030],{},[208,118010,118011],{},[176,118012,118013],{"href":12681},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[208,118015,118016],{},[176,118017,4197,118018,2544],{"href":55586},[15,118019,56226],{},[208,118021,118022],{},[176,118023,4197,118024,2544],{"href":13048},[15,118025,13051],{},[208,118027,118028],{},[176,118029,15583],{"href":57844},[208,118031,118032],{},[176,118033,118034],{"href":59116},"What is a list in Python?",[2554,118036,118037],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":118039},[118040,118041,118042,118043,118044,118045,118050,118051,118052,118053,118054,118055,118062],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":116495,"depth":85,"text":116496},{"id":116516,"depth":85,"text":116517},{"id":116759,"depth":85,"text":116760},{"id":116899,"depth":85,"text":116900},{"id":117015,"depth":85,"text":117016,"children":118046},[118047,118048,118049],{"id":117022,"depth":109,"text":117023},{"id":117091,"depth":109,"text":117092},{"id":117190,"depth":109,"text":117191},{"id":117304,"depth":85,"text":117305},{"id":117436,"depth":85,"text":117437},{"id":117550,"depth":85,"text":117551},{"id":117716,"depth":85,"text":117717},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":118056},[118057,118058,118059,118060,118061],{"id":117974,"depth":109,"text":117975},{"id":57809,"depth":109,"text":57894},{"id":117986,"depth":109,"text":117987},{"id":117993,"depth":109,"text":117994},{"id":118000,"depth":109,"text":118001},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116296,"description":118063},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118069,"title":118070,"body":118071,"description":119928,"extension":2593,"meta":119929,"navigation":364,"path":119930,"seo":119931,"stem":119932,"__hash__":119933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118072,"toc":119886},[118073,118078,118083,118091,118093,118161,118166,118171,118186,118189,118191,118222,118224,118244,118247,118262,118264,118267,118340,118342,118387,118389,118400,118405,118409,118414,118417,118456,118458,118478,118481,118538,118540,118575,118578,118617,118619,118639,118642,118673,118675,118731,118733,118738,118809,118811,118844,118849,118854,118919,118921,118958,118961,119038,119040,119100,119107,119112,119115,119118,119199,119201,119242,119247,119250,119328,119330,119363,119372,119379,119382,119393,119396,119407,119411,119419,119428,119432,119437,119441,119446,119489,119492,119498,119501,119503,119550,119555,119559,119562,119611,119613,119634,119637,119639,119664,119667,119788,119793,119795,119800,119803,119808,119811,119819,119824,119831,119834,119842,119845,119847,119883],[10,118074,4197,118076,4201],{"id":118075},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118077,75048],{},[20,118079,118080,118082],{},[15,118081,75048],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118084,118085,118086,2817,118088,118090],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118087,78491],{},[15,118089,75048],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,118092,33],{"id":32},[35,118094,118096],{"className":37,"code":118095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118097,118098,118118,118132,118136,118148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118099,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118101,884],{"class":50},[44,118103,55],{"class":54},[44,118105,1954],{"class":58},[44,118107,95],{"class":62},[44,118109,66],{"class":58},[44,118111,2212],{"class":62},[44,118113,66],{"class":58},[44,118115,69],{"class":62},[44,118117,1967],{"class":58},[44,118119,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118121,112],{"class":50},[44,118123,55],{"class":54},[44,118125,75182],{"class":139},[44,118127,127],{"class":58},[44,118129,4268],{"class":123},[44,118131,133],{"class":58},[44,118133,118134],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,118135,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,118137,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,118139,140],{"class":139},[44,118141,127],{"class":58},[44,118143,145],{"class":123},[44,118145,4281],{"class":58},[44,118147,56313],{"class":1992},[44,118149,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,118151,140],{"class":139},[44,118153,127],{"class":58},[44,118155,4268],{"class":123},[44,118157,4281],{"class":58},[44,118159,118160],{"class":1992},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118162,118163,118165],{},[15,118164,75048],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,118167,186,118169,189],{"id":118168},"what-sorted-does",[15,118170,75048],{},[205,118172,118173,118177,118180,118183],{},[208,118174,118175,63549],{},[15,118176,75048],{},[208,118178,118179],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[208,118181,118182],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[208,118184,118185],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118187,118188],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,118190,234],{"id":233},[35,118192,118194],{"className":37,"code":118193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118195,118196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118199,75138],{"class":139},[44,118201,127],{"class":58},[44,118203,4340],{"class":123},[44,118205,66],{"class":58},[44,118207,22197],{"class":9798},[44,118209,55],{"class":54},[44,118211,4398],{"class":4471},[44,118213,66],{"class":58},[44,118215,78694],{"class":9798},[44,118217,55],{"class":54},[44,118219,4294],{"class":4471},[44,118221,133],{"class":58},[1044,118223,18014],{"id":18013},[205,118225,118226,118231,118236],{},[208,118227,118228,118230],{},[15,118229,4340],{},": the values to sort",[208,118232,118233,118235],{},[15,118234,15459],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[208,118237,118238,118240,118241,118243],{},[15,118239,74201],{},": set to ",[15,118242,4226],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118245,118246],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,118248,118250],{"className":37,"code":118249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118251,118252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118253,118254,118256,118258,118260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118255,75138],{"class":139},[44,118257,127],{"class":58},[44,118259,60930],{"class":123},[44,118261,133],{"class":58},[30,118263,613],{"id":612},[20,118265,118266],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,118268,118270],{"className":37,"code":118269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118271,118272,118296,118300,118315,118319,118330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118273,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118275,884],{"class":50},[44,118277,55],{"class":54},[44,118279,1954],{"class":58},[44,118281,357],{"class":62},[44,118283,66],{"class":58},[44,118285,69],{"class":62},[44,118287,66],{"class":58},[44,118289,6977],{"class":62},[44,118291,66],{"class":58},[44,118293,2212],{"class":62},[44,118295,1967],{"class":58},[44,118297,118298],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118299,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,118301,118302,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,118303,118304],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,118306,55],{"class":54},[44,118308,75182],{"class":139},[44,118310,127],{"class":58},[44,118312,4268],{"class":123},[44,118314,133],{"class":58},[44,118316,118317],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,118318,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,118320,118321,118323,118325,118328],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,118322,140],{"class":139},[44,118324,127],{"class":58},[44,118326,118327],{"class":123},"sorted_numbers",[44,118329,133],{"class":58},[44,118331,118332,118334,118336,118338],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,118333,140],{"class":139},[44,118335,127],{"class":58},[44,118337,4268],{"class":123},[44,118339,133],{"class":58},[20,118341,150],{},[35,118343,118345],{"className":37,"code":118344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118346,118347,118367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118348,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118350,4521],{"class":58},[44,118352,63],{"class":62},[44,118354,66],{"class":58},[44,118356,69],{"class":62},[44,118358,66],{"class":58},[44,118360,104],{"class":62},[44,118362,66],{"class":58},[44,118364,6977],{"class":62},[44,118366,1967],{"class":58},[44,118368,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118370,4521],{"class":58},[44,118372,357],{"class":62},[44,118374,66],{"class":58},[44,118376,69],{"class":62},[44,118378,66],{"class":58},[44,118380,6977],{"class":62},[44,118382,66],{"class":58},[44,118384,2212],{"class":62},[44,118386,1967],{"class":58},[20,118388,14380],{},[205,118390,118391,118396],{},[208,118392,118393,118395],{},[15,118394,118327],{}," is a new sorted list",[208,118397,118398,112932],{},[15,118399,4268],{},[20,118401,118402,118403,120],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[176,118404,79001],{"href":79000},[30,118406,118408],{"id":118407},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118410,118411,118413],{},[15,118412,75048],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1044,118415,118416],{"id":8715},"List",[35,118418,118420],{"className":37,"code":118419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118421,118422,118442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118423,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118425,884],{"class":50},[44,118427,55],{"class":54},[44,118429,1954],{"class":58},[44,118431,95],{"class":62},[44,118433,66],{"class":58},[44,118435,2212],{"class":62},[44,118437,66],{"class":58},[44,118439,69],{"class":62},[44,118441,1967],{"class":58},[44,118443,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118445,140],{"class":139},[44,118447,127],{"class":58},[44,118449,75138],{"class":139},[44,118451,127],{"class":58},[44,118453,4268],{"class":123},[44,118455,556],{"class":58},[20,118457,150],{},[35,118459,118460],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118461,118462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118465,4521],{"class":58},[44,118467,63],{"class":62},[44,118469,66],{"class":58},[44,118471,69],{"class":62},[44,118473,66],{"class":58},[44,118475,74],{"class":62},[44,118477,1967],{"class":58},[1044,118479,118480],{"id":49577},"Tuple",[35,118482,118484],{"className":37,"code":118483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118485,118486,118506,118520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118487,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118489,4441],{"class":50},[44,118491,55],{"class":54},[44,118493,9859],{"class":58},[44,118495,95],{"class":62},[44,118497,66],{"class":58},[44,118499,2212],{"class":62},[44,118501,66],{"class":58},[44,118503,69],{"class":62},[44,118505,133],{"class":58},[44,118507,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118509,140],{"class":139},[44,118511,127],{"class":58},[44,118513,75138],{"class":139},[44,118515,127],{"class":58},[44,118517,5976],{"class":123},[44,118519,556],{"class":58},[44,118521,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,118523,140],{"class":139},[44,118525,127],{"class":58},[44,118527,549],{"class":548},[44,118529,127],{"class":58},[44,118531,75138],{"class":139},[44,118533,127],{"class":58},[44,118535,5976],{"class":123},[44,118537,2432],{"class":58},[20,118539,150],{},[35,118541,118543],{"className":37,"code":118542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118544,118545,118561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118546,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118548,4521],{"class":58},[44,118550,63],{"class":62},[44,118552,66],{"class":58},[44,118554,69],{"class":62},[44,118556,66],{"class":58},[44,118558,74],{"class":62},[44,118560,1967],{"class":58},[44,118562,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118564,576],{"class":54},[44,118566,580],{"class":579},[44,118568,584],{"class":583},[44,118570,8715],{"class":587},[44,118572,590],{"class":583},[44,118574,593],{"class":54},[1044,118576,118577],{"id":568},"Set",[35,118579,118581],{"className":37,"code":118580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118582,118583,118603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118584,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118586,4441],{"class":50},[44,118588,55],{"class":54},[44,118590,59],{"class":58},[44,118592,95],{"class":62},[44,118594,66],{"class":58},[44,118596,2212],{"class":62},[44,118598,66],{"class":58},[44,118600,69],{"class":62},[44,118602,82],{"class":58},[44,118604,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118606,140],{"class":139},[44,118608,127],{"class":58},[44,118610,75138],{"class":139},[44,118612,127],{"class":58},[44,118614,5976],{"class":123},[44,118616,556],{"class":58},[20,118618,150],{},[35,118620,118621],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118622,118623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118624,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118626,4521],{"class":58},[44,118628,63],{"class":62},[44,118630,66],{"class":58},[44,118632,69],{"class":62},[44,118634,66],{"class":58},[44,118636,74],{"class":62},[44,118638,1967],{"class":58},[1044,118640,118641],{"id":61797},"String",[35,118643,118645],{"className":37,"code":118644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118646,118647,118659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118648,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118650,35307],{"class":50},[44,118652,55],{"class":54},[44,118654,643],{"class":583},[44,118656,39],{"class":587},[44,118658,3979],{"class":583},[44,118660,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118662,140],{"class":139},[44,118664,127],{"class":58},[44,118666,75138],{"class":139},[44,118668,127],{"class":58},[44,118670,35328],{"class":123},[44,118672,556],{"class":58},[20,118674,150],{},[35,118676,118677],{"className":37,"code":80018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118678,118679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118682,4521],{"class":58},[44,118684,590],{"class":583},[44,118686,61061],{"class":587},[44,118688,590],{"class":583},[44,118690,66],{"class":58},[44,118692,584],{"class":583},[44,118694,76654],{"class":587},[44,118696,590],{"class":583},[44,118698,66],{"class":58},[44,118700,584],{"class":583},[44,118702,61096],{"class":587},[44,118704,590],{"class":583},[44,118706,66],{"class":58},[44,118708,584],{"class":583},[44,118710,20],{"class":587},[44,118712,590],{"class":583},[44,118714,66],{"class":58},[44,118716,584],{"class":583},[44,118718,63910],{"class":587},[44,118720,590],{"class":583},[44,118722,66],{"class":58},[44,118724,584],{"class":583},[44,118726,12361],{"class":587},[44,118728,590],{"class":583},[44,118730,1967],{"class":58},[1044,118732,29842],{"id":16223},[20,118734,64163,118735,118737],{},[15,118736,75048],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,118739,118741],{"className":37,"code":118740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118742,118743,118795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118744,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118746,13821],{"class":50},[44,118748,55],{"class":54},[44,118750,59],{"class":58},[44,118752,633],{"class":583},[44,118754,8287],{"class":587},[44,118756,633],{"class":583},[44,118758,1598],{"class":58},[44,118760,643],{"class":583},[44,118762,13497],{"class":587},[44,118764,633],{"class":583},[44,118766,66],{"class":58},[44,118768,643],{"class":583},[44,118770,9921],{"class":587},[44,118772,633],{"class":583},[44,118774,1598],{"class":58},[44,118776,8410],{"class":62},[44,118778,66],{"class":58},[44,118780,643],{"class":583},[44,118782,11029],{"class":587},[44,118784,633],{"class":583},[44,118786,1598],{"class":58},[44,118788,643],{"class":583},[44,118790,16649],{"class":587},[44,118792,633],{"class":583},[44,118794,82],{"class":58},[44,118796,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118798,140],{"class":139},[44,118800,127],{"class":58},[44,118802,75138],{"class":139},[44,118804,127],{"class":58},[44,118806,17926],{"class":123},[44,118808,556],{"class":58},[20,118810,150],{},[35,118812,118814],{"className":37,"code":118813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118815,118816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118817,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118819,4521],{"class":58},[44,118821,590],{"class":583},[44,118823,9921],{"class":587},[44,118825,590],{"class":583},[44,118827,66],{"class":58},[44,118829,584],{"class":583},[44,118831,11029],{"class":587},[44,118833,590],{"class":583},[44,118835,66],{"class":58},[44,118837,584],{"class":583},[44,118839,8287],{"class":587},[44,118841,590],{"class":583},[44,118843,1967],{"class":58},[30,118845,863,118847],{"id":118846},"using-reversetrue",[15,118848,78715],{},[20,118850,1296,118851,118853],{},[15,118852,78715],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118855,118857],{"className":37,"code":118856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118858,118859,118879,118883,118897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118860,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118862,884],{"class":50},[44,118864,55],{"class":54},[44,118866,1954],{"class":58},[44,118868,95],{"class":62},[44,118870,66],{"class":58},[44,118872,2212],{"class":62},[44,118874,66],{"class":58},[44,118876,69],{"class":62},[44,118878,1967],{"class":58},[44,118880,118881],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118882,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,118886,140],{"class":139},[44,118888,127],{"class":58},[44,118890,75138],{"class":139},[44,118892,127],{"class":58},[44,118894,4268],{"class":123},[44,118896,556],{"class":58},[44,118898,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,118900,140],{"class":139},[44,118902,127],{"class":58},[44,118904,75138],{"class":139},[44,118906,127],{"class":58},[44,118908,4268],{"class":123},[44,118910,66],{"class":58},[44,118912,78694],{"class":9798},[44,118914,55],{"class":54},[44,118916,4226],{"class":4471},[44,118918,556],{"class":58},[20,118920,150],{},[35,118922,118924],{"className":37,"code":118923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118925,118926,118942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118927,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118929,4521],{"class":58},[44,118931,63],{"class":62},[44,118933,66],{"class":58},[44,118935,69],{"class":62},[44,118937,66],{"class":58},[44,118939,74],{"class":62},[44,118941,1967],{"class":58},[44,118943,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,118945,4521],{"class":58},[44,118947,95],{"class":62},[44,118949,66],{"class":58},[44,118951,69],{"class":62},[44,118953,66],{"class":58},[44,118955,2212],{"class":62},[44,118957,1967],{"class":58},[20,118959,118960],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118962,118964],{"className":37,"code":118963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118965,118966,118998,119002,119016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118967,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118969,4692],{"class":50},[44,118971,55],{"class":54},[44,118973,1954],{"class":58},[44,118975,633],{"class":583},[44,118977,636],{"class":587},[44,118979,633],{"class":583},[44,118981,66],{"class":58},[44,118983,643],{"class":583},[44,118985,646],{"class":587},[44,118987,633],{"class":583},[44,118989,66],{"class":58},[44,118991,643],{"class":583},[44,118993,4717],{"class":587},[44,118995,633],{"class":583},[44,118997,1967],{"class":58},[44,118999,119000],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119001,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,119005,140],{"class":139},[44,119007,127],{"class":58},[44,119009,75138],{"class":139},[44,119011,127],{"class":58},[44,119013,4734],{"class":123},[44,119015,556],{"class":58},[44,119017,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,119019,140],{"class":139},[44,119021,127],{"class":58},[44,119023,75138],{"class":139},[44,119025,127],{"class":58},[44,119027,4734],{"class":123},[44,119029,66],{"class":58},[44,119031,78694],{"class":9798},[44,119033,55],{"class":54},[44,119035,4226],{"class":4471},[44,119037,556],{"class":58},[20,119039,150],{},[35,119041,119042],{"className":37,"code":74782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119043,119044,119072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119045,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119047,4521],{"class":58},[44,119049,590],{"class":583},[44,119051,636],{"class":587},[44,119053,590],{"class":583},[44,119055,66],{"class":58},[44,119057,584],{"class":583},[44,119059,646],{"class":587},[44,119061,590],{"class":583},[44,119063,66],{"class":58},[44,119065,584],{"class":583},[44,119067,4717],{"class":587},[44,119069,590],{"class":583},[44,119071,1967],{"class":58},[44,119073,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119075,4521],{"class":58},[44,119077,590],{"class":583},[44,119079,4717],{"class":587},[44,119081,590],{"class":583},[44,119083,66],{"class":58},[44,119085,584],{"class":583},[44,119087,646],{"class":587},[44,119089,590],{"class":583},[44,119091,66],{"class":58},[44,119093,584],{"class":583},[44,119095,636],{"class":587},[44,119097,590],{"class":583},[44,119099,1967],{"class":58},[30,119101,863,119103,119106],{"id":119102},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119104,119105],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119108,192,119109,119111],{},[15,119110,119105],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119113,119114],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119116,119117],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,119119,119121],{"className":37,"code":119120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119122,119123,119163,119167,119189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119124,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119126,4692],{"class":50},[44,119128,55],{"class":54},[44,119130,1954],{"class":58},[44,119132,633],{"class":583},[44,119134,79368],{"class":587},[44,119136,633],{"class":583},[44,119138,66],{"class":58},[44,119140,643],{"class":583},[44,119142,38980],{"class":587},[44,119144,633],{"class":583},[44,119146,66],{"class":58},[44,119148,643],{"class":583},[44,119150,646],{"class":587},[44,119152,633],{"class":583},[44,119154,66],{"class":58},[44,119156,643],{"class":583},[44,119158,38963],{"class":587},[44,119160,633],{"class":583},[44,119162,1967],{"class":58},[44,119164,119165],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119166,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,119170,112],{"class":50},[44,119172,55],{"class":54},[44,119174,75182],{"class":139},[44,119176,127],{"class":58},[44,119178,4734],{"class":123},[44,119180,66],{"class":58},[44,119182,22197],{"class":9798},[44,119184,55],{"class":54},[44,119186,2441],{"class":139},[44,119188,133],{"class":58},[44,119190,119191,119193,119195,119197],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,119192,140],{"class":139},[44,119194,127],{"class":58},[44,119196,145],{"class":123},[44,119198,133],{"class":58},[20,119200,150],{},[35,119202,119204],{"className":37,"code":119203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119205,119206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119207,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119209,4521],{"class":58},[44,119211,590],{"class":583},[44,119213,38980],{"class":587},[44,119215,590],{"class":583},[44,119217,66],{"class":58},[44,119219,584],{"class":583},[44,119221,79368],{"class":587},[44,119223,590],{"class":583},[44,119225,66],{"class":58},[44,119227,584],{"class":583},[44,119229,38963],{"class":587},[44,119231,590],{"class":583},[44,119233,66],{"class":58},[44,119235,584],{"class":583},[44,119237,646],{"class":587},[44,119239,590],{"class":583},[44,119241,1967],{"class":58},[20,119243,21389,119244,119246],{},[15,119245,2441],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119248,119249],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,119251,119253],{"className":37,"code":119252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119254,119255,119288,119292,119318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119256,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119284,119286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119258,4692],{"class":50},[44,119260,55],{"class":54},[44,119262,1954],{"class":58},[44,119264,633],{"class":583},[44,119266,83985],{"class":587},[44,119268,633],{"class":583},[44,119270,66],{"class":58},[44,119272,643],{"class":583},[44,119274,636],{"class":587},[44,119276,633],{"class":583},[44,119278,66],{"class":58},[44,119280,643],{"class":583},[44,119282,119283],{"class":587},"Cherry",[44,119285,633],{"class":583},[44,119287,1967],{"class":58},[44,119289,119290],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119291,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,119293,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,119295,112],{"class":50},[44,119297,55],{"class":54},[44,119299,75182],{"class":139},[44,119301,127],{"class":58},[44,119303,4734],{"class":123},[44,119305,66],{"class":58},[44,119307,22197],{"class":9798},[44,119309,55],{"class":54},[44,119311,4064],{"class":548},[44,119313,120],{"class":58},[44,119315,9262],{"class":25368},[44,119317,133],{"class":58},[44,119319,119320,119322,119324,119326],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,119321,140],{"class":139},[44,119323,127],{"class":58},[44,119325,145],{"class":123},[44,119327,133],{"class":58},[20,119329,150],{},[35,119331,119333],{"className":37,"code":119332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119334,119335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119336,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119338,4521],{"class":58},[44,119340,590],{"class":583},[44,119342,636],{"class":587},[44,119344,590],{"class":583},[44,119346,66],{"class":58},[44,119348,584],{"class":583},[44,119350,83985],{"class":587},[44,119352,590],{"class":583},[44,119354,66],{"class":58},[44,119356,584],{"class":583},[44,119358,119283],{"class":587},[44,119360,590],{"class":583},[44,119362,1967],{"class":58},[20,119364,119365,119366,35950,119368,120],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119367,42984],{},[176,119369,4197,119370,4130],{"href":42981},[15,119371,42984],{},[30,119373,119375,1036,119377],{"id":119374},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119376,75048],{},[15,119378,78491],{},[20,119380,119381],{},"The main difference is this:",[205,119383,119384,119389],{},[208,119385,119386,119388],{},[15,119387,75048],{}," returns a new list",[208,119390,119391,74586],{},[15,119392,78491],{},[20,119394,119395],{},"Also:",[205,119397,119398,119403],{},[208,119399,119400,119402],{},[15,119401,75048],{}," works with many iterables",[208,119404,119405,79924],{},[15,119406,78491],{},[20,119408,1296,119409,11220],{},[15,119410,75048],{},[205,119412,119413,119416],{},[208,119414,119415],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[208,119417,119418],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119420,119421,119422,120],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[176,119423,4197,119424,1036,119426,6401],{"href":79749},[15,119425,75048],{},[15,119427,78491],{},[30,119429,119431],{"id":119430},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119433,119434,119435,120],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119436,75048],{},[1044,119438,119440],{"id":119439},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119442,119443,119444,1598],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119445,3628],{},[35,119447,119449],{"className":37,"code":119448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119450,119451,119475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119452,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119454,4441],{"class":50},[44,119456,55],{"class":54},[44,119458,1954],{"class":58},[44,119460,63],{"class":62},[44,119462,66],{"class":58},[44,119464,643],{"class":583},[44,119466,339],{"class":587},[44,119468,633],{"class":583},[44,119470,66],{"class":58},[44,119472,74],{"class":62},[44,119474,1967],{"class":58},[44,119476,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119478,140],{"class":139},[44,119480,127],{"class":58},[44,119482,75138],{"class":139},[44,119484,127],{"class":58},[44,119486,5976],{"class":123},[44,119488,556],{"class":58},[20,119490,119491],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1044,119493,119495,119496,2930],{"id":119494},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119497,15459],{},[20,119499,119500],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119502,295],{},[35,119504,119506],{"className":37,"code":119505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119507,119508,119528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119509,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119511,884],{"class":50},[44,119513,55],{"class":54},[44,119515,1954],{"class":58},[44,119517,2958],{"class":62},[44,119519,66],{"class":58},[44,119521,69],{"class":62},[44,119523,66],{"class":58},[44,119525,8415],{"class":62},[44,119527,1967],{"class":58},[44,119529,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119531,140],{"class":139},[44,119533,127],{"class":58},[44,119535,75138],{"class":139},[44,119537,127],{"class":58},[44,119539,4268],{"class":123},[44,119541,66],{"class":58},[44,119543,22197],{"class":9798},[44,119545,55],{"class":54},[44,119547,2441],{"class":139},[44,119549,556],{"class":58},[20,119551,49134,119552,119554],{},[15,119553,42984],{}," does not work on integers.",[1044,119556,119558],{"id":119557},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119560,119561],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,119563,119565],{"className":37,"code":119564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119566,119567,119587,119597,119601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119568,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119570,884],{"class":50},[44,119572,55],{"class":54},[44,119574,1954],{"class":58},[44,119576,95],{"class":62},[44,119578,66],{"class":58},[44,119580,2212],{"class":62},[44,119582,66],{"class":58},[44,119584,69],{"class":62},[44,119586,1967],{"class":58},[44,119588,119589,119591,119593,119595],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119590,75138],{"class":139},[44,119592,127],{"class":58},[44,119594,4268],{"class":123},[44,119596,133],{"class":58},[44,119598,119599],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,119600,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,119602,119603,119605,119607,119609],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,119604,140],{"class":139},[44,119606,127],{"class":58},[44,119608,4268],{"class":123},[44,119610,133],{"class":58},[20,119612,150],{},[35,119614,119616],{"className":37,"code":119615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119617,119618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119619,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119621,4521],{"class":58},[44,119623,95],{"class":62},[44,119625,66],{"class":58},[44,119627,2212],{"class":62},[44,119629,66],{"class":58},[44,119631,69],{"class":62},[44,119633,1967],{"class":58},[20,119635,119636],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,119638,3454],{"id":3453},[205,119640,119641,119645,119648,119653,119657],{},[208,119642,5198,119643,74586],{},[15,119644,75048],{},[208,119646,119647],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[208,119649,5321,119650,119652],{},[15,119651,75048],{}," always returns a list",[208,119654,863,119655,23721],{},[15,119656,119105],{},[208,119658,30269,119659,119661,119662],{},[15,119660,64935],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119663,75048],{},[20,119665,119666],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,119668,119670],{"className":37,"code":119669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119671,119672,119694,119720,119758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119673,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119675,140],{"class":139},[44,119677,127],{"class":58},[44,119679,75138],{"class":139},[44,119681,3609],{"class":58},[44,119683,95],{"class":62},[44,119685,66],{"class":58},[44,119687,2212],{"class":62},[44,119689,66],{"class":58},[44,119691,69],{"class":62},[44,119693,3622],{"class":58},[44,119695,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,119697,140],{"class":139},[44,119699,127],{"class":58},[44,119701,549],{"class":548},[44,119703,127],{"class":58},[44,119705,75138],{"class":139},[44,119707,6128],{"class":58},[44,119709,95],{"class":62},[44,119711,66],{"class":58},[44,119713,2212],{"class":62},[44,119715,66],{"class":58},[44,119717,69],{"class":62},[44,119719,93989],{"class":58},[44,119721,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,119723,140],{"class":139},[44,119725,127],{"class":58},[44,119727,75138],{"class":139},[44,119729,3609],{"class":58},[44,119731,590],{"class":583},[44,119733,83985],{"class":587},[44,119735,590],{"class":583},[44,119737,66],{"class":58},[44,119739,584],{"class":583},[44,119741,636],{"class":587},[44,119743,590],{"class":583},[44,119745,18680],{"class":58},[44,119747,22197],{"class":9798},[44,119749,55],{"class":54},[44,119751,4064],{"class":548},[44,119753,120],{"class":58},[44,119755,9262],{"class":25368},[44,119757,556],{"class":58},[44,119759,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,119761,140],{"class":139},[44,119763,127],{"class":58},[44,119765,75138],{"class":139},[44,119767,3609],{"class":58},[44,119769,95],{"class":62},[44,119771,66],{"class":58},[44,119773,2212],{"class":62},[44,119775,66],{"class":58},[44,119777,69],{"class":62},[44,119779,18680],{"class":58},[44,119781,78694],{"class":9798},[44,119783,55],{"class":54},[44,119785,4226],{"class":4471},[44,119787,556],{"class":58},[20,119789,119790,119791,120],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[176,119792,53397],{"href":51604},[30,119794,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,119796,2482,119798,57788],{"id":119797},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119799,75048],{},[20,119801,119802],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1044,119804,5760,119806,13332],{"id":119805},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119807,75048],{},[20,119809,119810],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1044,119812,119814,119815,11711,119817,1447],{"id":119813},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119816,75048],{},[15,119818,78491],{},[20,119820,1296,119821,119823],{},[15,119822,75048],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1044,119825,5760,119827,87073,119829,1447],{"id":119826},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119828,119105],{},[15,119830,75048],{},[20,119832,119833],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1044,119835,5776,119837,119839,119840,1447],{"id":119836},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119838,75048],{}," give a ",[15,119841,3628],{},[20,119843,119844],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119846,2528],{"id":2527},[205,119848,119849,119853,119861,119865,119871,119877],{},[208,119850,119851],{},[176,119852,80497],{"href":79000},[208,119854,119855],{},[176,119856,4197,119857,1036,119859,6401],{"href":79749},[15,119858,75048],{},[15,119860,78491],{},[208,119862,119863],{},[176,119864,53397],{"href":51604},[208,119866,119867],{},[176,119868,4197,119869,4130],{"href":42981},[15,119870,42984],{},[208,119872,119873],{},[176,119874,4197,119875,4130],{"href":92645},[15,119876,36370],{},[208,119878,119879],{},[176,119880,4197,119881,4130],{"href":36817},[15,119882,36820],{},[2554,119884,119885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":119887},[119888,119889,119891,119894,119895,119902,119904,119906,119908,119914,119915,119927],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":118168,"depth":85,"text":119890},"What sorted() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":119892},[119893],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":118407,"depth":85,"text":118408,"children":119896},[119897,119898,119899,119900,119901],{"id":8715,"depth":109,"text":118416},{"id":49577,"depth":109,"text":118480},{"id":568,"depth":109,"text":118577},{"id":61797,"depth":109,"text":118641},{"id":16223,"depth":109,"text":29842},{"id":118846,"depth":85,"text":119903},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119102,"depth":85,"text":119905},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119374,"depth":85,"text":119907},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119430,"depth":85,"text":119431,"children":119909},[119910,119911,119913],{"id":119439,"depth":109,"text":119440},{"id":119494,"depth":109,"text":119912},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119557,"depth":109,"text":119558},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":119916},[119917,119919,119921,119923,119925],{"id":119797,"depth":109,"text":119918},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119805,"depth":109,"text":119920},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119813,"depth":109,"text":119922},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119826,"depth":109,"text":119924},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119836,"depth":109,"text":119926},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118070,"description":119928},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119935,"title":119936,"body":119937,"description":122048,"extension":2593,"meta":122049,"navigation":364,"path":79749,"seo":122050,"stem":122051,"__hash__":122052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119938,"toc":121995},[119939,119946,119949,119959,119965,119968,119986,119994,119996,120055,120063,120067,120089,120093,120097,120099,120116,120118,120130,120136,120220,120224,120271,120277,120284,120288,120293,120295,120307,120312,120365,120369,120389,120396,120403,120407,120410,120429,120433,120547,120551,120621,120623,120635,120640,120644,120657,120661,120736,120740,120779,120786,120792,120797,120801,120815,120819,120884,120888,120921,120924,120929,120937,120944,120957,120960,120964,121047,121051,121088,121092,121195,121199,121260,121265,121272,121276,121279,121285,121288,121355,121359,121383,121385,121403,121410,121463,121467,121487,121493,121495,121552,121559,121585,121590,121595,121603,121609,121669,121673,121720,121723,121725,121728,121754,121757,121850,121852,121872,121876,121879,121897,121903,121905,121913,121918,121925,121928,121934,121937,121943,121951,121959,121964,121966,121992],[10,119940,4197,119942,1036,119944,93703],{"id":119941},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119943,75048],{},[15,119945,78491],{},[20,119947,119948],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[205,119950,119951,119955],{},[208,119952,119953],{},[15,119954,75048],{},[208,119956,119957],{},[15,119958,78491],{},[20,119960,119961,119962,119964],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[197,119963,199],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119966,119967],{},"The main difference is simple:",[205,119969,119970,119978],{},[208,119971,1296,119972,119974,119975],{},[15,119973,75048],{}," when you want a ",[197,119976,119977],{},"new sorted result",[208,119979,1296,119980,119982,119983],{},[15,119981,78491],{}," when you want to ",[197,119984,119985],{},"change the original list",[20,119987,119988,119989,3025,119991,119993],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119990,78491],{},[15,119992,4398],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119995,33],{"id":32},[35,119997,119999],{"className":37,"code":119998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120000,120001,120021,120025,120042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120004,884],{"class":50},[44,120006,55],{"class":54},[44,120008,1954],{"class":58},[44,120010,95],{"class":62},[44,120012,66],{"class":58},[44,120014,2212],{"class":62},[44,120016,66],{"class":58},[44,120018,69],{"class":62},[44,120020,1967],{"class":58},[44,120022,120023],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120024,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120028,56515],{"class":50},[44,120030,55],{"class":54},[44,120032,75182],{"class":139},[44,120034,127],{"class":58},[44,120036,4268],{"class":123},[44,120038,4281],{"class":58},[44,120040,120041],{"class":1992},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120045,4268],{"class":50},[44,120047,120],{"class":58},[44,120049,35419],{"class":123},[44,120051,7984],{"class":58},[44,120053,120054],{"class":1992},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120056,1296,120057,120059,120060,120062],{},[15,120058,75048],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120061,78491],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,120064,120066],{"id":120065},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[205,120068,120069,120074,120079,120086],{},[208,120070,1296,120071,120073],{},[15,120072,75048],{}," to get a new sorted list",[208,120075,1296,120076,120078],{},[15,120077,78491],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[208,120080,120081,120082,3025,120084],{},"Understand why ",[15,120083,78491],{},[15,120085,4398],{},[208,120087,120088],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,120090,186,120091,189],{"id":118168},[15,120092,75048],{},[20,120094,120095,63549],{},[15,120096,75048],{},[20,120098,49551],{},[205,120100,120101,120107,120113],{},[208,120102,120103,120104],{},"returns a ",[197,120105,120106],{},"new list",[208,120108,120109,120110,120112],{},"does ",[197,120111,199],{}," change the original data",[208,120114,120115],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120117,51758],{},[205,120119,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128],{},[208,120121,5918],{},[208,120123,5921],{},[208,120125,5927],{},[208,120127,5924],{},[208,120129,36531],{},[1044,120131,35698,120133,120135],{"id":120132},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120134,75048],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,120137,120139],{"className":37,"code":120138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120140,120141,120161,120165,120179,120183,120201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120144,884],{"class":50},[44,120146,55],{"class":54},[44,120148,1954],{"class":58},[44,120150,95],{"class":62},[44,120152,66],{"class":58},[44,120154,2212],{"class":62},[44,120156,66],{"class":58},[44,120158,69],{"class":62},[44,120160,1967],{"class":58},[44,120162,120163],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120164,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120168,112],{"class":50},[44,120170,55],{"class":54},[44,120172,75182],{"class":139},[44,120174,127],{"class":58},[44,120176,4268],{"class":123},[44,120178,133],{"class":58},[44,120180,120181],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120182,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195,120197,120199],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,120186,140],{"class":139},[44,120188,127],{"class":58},[44,120190,633],{"class":583},[44,120192,12770],{"class":587},[44,120194,633],{"class":583},[44,120196,66],{"class":58},[44,120198,975],{"class":123},[44,120200,133],{"class":58},[44,120202,120203,120205,120207,120209,120212,120214,120216,120218],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,120204,140],{"class":139},[44,120206,127],{"class":58},[44,120208,633],{"class":583},[44,120210,120211],{"class":587},"sorted result:",[44,120213,633],{"class":583},[44,120215,66],{"class":58},[44,120217,81840],{"class":123},[44,120219,133],{"class":58},[20,120221,120222],{},[197,120223,150],{},[35,120225,120227],{"className":37,"code":120226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120228,120229,120249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120230,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120232,12749],{"class":50},[44,120234,1598],{"class":58},[44,120236,1954],{"class":58},[44,120238,95],{"class":62},[44,120240,66],{"class":58},[44,120242,2212],{"class":62},[44,120244,66],{"class":58},[44,120246,69],{"class":62},[44,120248,1967],{"class":58},[44,120250,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120252,75138],{"class":139},[44,120254,81840],{"class":50},[44,120256,1598],{"class":58},[44,120258,1954],{"class":58},[44,120260,63],{"class":62},[44,120262,66],{"class":58},[44,120264,69],{"class":62},[44,120266,66],{"class":58},[44,120268,74],{"class":62},[44,120270,1967],{"class":58},[20,120272,120273,120274,120276],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120275,4268],{}," stays the same.",[20,120278,120279,120280,120],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[176,120281,4197,120282,4130],{"href":75145},[15,120283,75048],{},[30,120285,186,120286,189],{"id":78557},[15,120287,78491],{},[20,120289,120290,120292],{},[15,120291,64935],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120294,49551],{},[205,120296,120297,120300,120303],{},[208,120298,120299],{},"changes the original list directly",[208,120301,120302],{},"only works on lists",[208,120304,4311,120305],{},[15,120306,4398],{},[1044,120308,35698,120310,74586],{"id":120309},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120311,78491],{},[35,120313,120315],{"className":37,"code":120314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120316,120317,120337,120341,120351,120355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120318,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120320,884],{"class":50},[44,120322,55],{"class":54},[44,120324,1954],{"class":58},[44,120326,95],{"class":62},[44,120328,66],{"class":58},[44,120330,2212],{"class":62},[44,120332,66],{"class":58},[44,120334,69],{"class":62},[44,120336,1967],{"class":58},[44,120338,120339],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120340,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120344,4268],{"class":50},[44,120346,120],{"class":58},[44,120348,35419],{"class":123},[44,120350,571],{"class":58},[44,120352,120353],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120354,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120356,120357,120359,120361,120363],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,120358,140],{"class":139},[44,120360,127],{"class":58},[44,120362,4268],{"class":123},[44,120364,133],{"class":58},[20,120366,120367],{},[197,120368,150],{},[35,120370,120371],{"className":37,"code":55776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120372,120373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120376,4521],{"class":58},[44,120378,63],{"class":62},[44,120380,66],{"class":58},[44,120382,69],{"class":62},[44,120384,66],{"class":58},[44,120386,74],{"class":62},[44,120388,1967],{"class":58},[20,120390,120391,120392,120395],{},"After calling ",[15,120393,120394],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120397,120398,120399,120],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[176,120400,4197,120401,2544],{"href":75399},[15,120402,78491],{},[30,120404,120406],{"id":120405},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120408,120409],{},"Here is the core difference:",[205,120411,120412,120421],{},[208,120413,120414,120417,120418],{},[15,120415,120416],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[197,120419,120420],{},"new sorted list",[208,120422,120423,120426,120427,74956],{},[15,120424,120425],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120428,8961],{},[1044,120430,120432],{"id":120431},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,120434,120436],{"className":37,"code":120435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120437,120438,120458,120462,120476,120495,120514,120518,120528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120439,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120441,884],{"class":50},[44,120443,55],{"class":54},[44,120445,1954],{"class":58},[44,120447,357],{"class":62},[44,120449,66],{"class":58},[44,120451,69],{"class":62},[44,120453,66],{"class":58},[44,120455,79],{"class":62},[44,120457,1967],{"class":58},[44,120459,120460],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120461,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120463,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120465,51],{"class":50},[44,120467,55],{"class":54},[44,120469,75182],{"class":139},[44,120471,127],{"class":58},[44,120473,4268],{"class":123},[44,120475,133],{"class":58},[44,120477,120478,120480,120482,120484,120487,120489,120491,120493],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120479,140],{"class":139},[44,120481,127],{"class":58},[44,120483,633],{"class":583},[44,120485,120486],{"class":587},"numbers after sorted():",[44,120488,633],{"class":583},[44,120490,66],{"class":58},[44,120492,975],{"class":123},[44,120494,133],{"class":58},[44,120496,120497,120499,120501,120503,120506,120508,120510,120512],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,120498,140],{"class":139},[44,120500,127],{"class":58},[44,120502,633],{"class":583},[44,120504,120505],{"class":587},"a:",[44,120507,633],{"class":583},[44,120509,66],{"class":58},[44,120511,117],{"class":123},[44,120513,133],{"class":58},[44,120515,120516],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,120517,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,120521,4268],{"class":50},[44,120523,120],{"class":58},[44,120525,35419],{"class":123},[44,120527,571],{"class":58},[44,120529,120530,120532,120534,120536,120539,120541,120543,120545],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,120531,140],{"class":139},[44,120533,127],{"class":58},[44,120535,633],{"class":583},[44,120537,120538],{"class":587},"numbers after sort():",[44,120540,633],{"class":583},[44,120542,66],{"class":58},[44,120544,975],{"class":123},[44,120546,133],{"class":58},[20,120548,120549],{},[197,120550,150],{},[35,120552,120554],{"className":37,"code":120553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120555,120556,120579,120599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120557,120558,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120559,120560],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,120562,75138],{"class":139},[44,120564,30203],{"class":58},[44,120566,1954],{"class":58},[44,120568,357],{"class":62},[44,120570,66],{"class":58},[44,120572,69],{"class":62},[44,120574,66],{"class":58},[44,120576,79],{"class":62},[44,120578,1967],{"class":58},[44,120580,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120582,176],{"class":50},[44,120584,1598],{"class":58},[44,120586,1954],{"class":58},[44,120588,339],{"class":62},[44,120590,66],{"class":58},[44,120592,79],{"class":62},[44,120594,66],{"class":58},[44,120596,104],{"class":62},[44,120598,1967],{"class":58},[44,120600,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120602,120560],{"class":50},[44,120604,35419],{"class":123},[44,120606,30203],{"class":58},[44,120608,1954],{"class":58},[44,120610,339],{"class":62},[44,120612,66],{"class":58},[44,120614,79],{"class":62},[44,120616,66],{"class":58},[44,120618,104],{"class":62},[44,120620,1967],{"class":58},[20,120622,11332],{},[205,120624,120625,120630],{},[208,120626,120627,120629],{},[15,120628,75048],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[208,120631,120632,120634],{},[15,120633,64935],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,120636,5578,120638],{"id":120637},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120639,75048],{},[20,120641,1296,120642,11220],{},[15,120643,75048],{},[205,120645,120646,120649,120651,120654],{},[208,120647,120648],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[208,120650,119418],{},[208,120652,120653],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[208,120655,120656],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1044,120658,120660],{"id":120659},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,120662,120664],{"className":37,"code":120663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120665,120666,120690,120694,120708,120712,120722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120667,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120669,884],{"class":50},[44,120671,55],{"class":54},[44,120673,9859],{"class":58},[44,120675,1517],{"class":62},[44,120677,66],{"class":58},[44,120679,2212],{"class":62},[44,120681,66],{"class":58},[44,120683,74],{"class":62},[44,120685,66],{"class":58},[44,120687,69],{"class":62},[44,120689,133],{"class":58},[44,120691,120692],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120693,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120695,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120697,112],{"class":50},[44,120699,55],{"class":54},[44,120701,75182],{"class":139},[44,120703,127],{"class":58},[44,120705,4268],{"class":123},[44,120707,133],{"class":58},[44,120709,120710],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120711,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120713,120714,120716,120718,120720],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,120715,140],{"class":139},[44,120717,127],{"class":58},[44,120719,145],{"class":123},[44,120721,133],{"class":58},[44,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,120725,140],{"class":139},[44,120727,127],{"class":58},[44,120729,549],{"class":548},[44,120731,127],{"class":58},[44,120733,145],{"class":123},[44,120735,556],{"class":58},[20,120737,120738],{},[197,120739,150],{},[35,120741,120743],{"className":37,"code":120742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120744,120745,120765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120746,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120748,4521],{"class":58},[44,120750,63],{"class":62},[44,120752,66],{"class":58},[44,120754,69],{"class":62},[44,120756,66],{"class":58},[44,120758,74],{"class":62},[44,120760,66],{"class":58},[44,120762,79],{"class":62},[44,120764,1967],{"class":58},[44,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120768,576],{"class":54},[44,120770,580],{"class":579},[44,120772,584],{"class":583},[44,120774,8715],{"class":587},[44,120776,590],{"class":583},[44,120778,593],{"class":54},[20,120780,2913,120781,120783,120784,120],{},[15,120782,75048],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[197,120785,8715],{},[20,120787,120788,120789,120791],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[176,120790,53397],{"href":51604}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120793,5578,120795],{"id":120794},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120796,78491],{},[20,120798,1296,120799,11220],{},[15,120800,78491],{},[205,120802,120803,120806,120809,120812],{},[208,120804,120805],{},"you already have a list",[208,120807,120808],{},"you want to update that list directly",[208,120810,120811],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[208,120813,120814],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1044,120816,120818],{"id":120817},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120820,120822],{"className":37,"code":120821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120823,120824,120856,120860,120870,120874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120825,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120827,5612],{"class":50},[44,120829,55],{"class":54},[44,120831,1954],{"class":58},[44,120833,633],{"class":583},[44,120835,5639],{"class":587},[44,120837,633],{"class":583},[44,120839,66],{"class":58},[44,120841,643],{"class":583},[44,120843,5621],{"class":587},[44,120845,633],{"class":583},[44,120847,66],{"class":58},[44,120849,643],{"class":583},[44,120851,5630],{"class":587},[44,120853,633],{"class":583},[44,120855,1967],{"class":58},[44,120857,120858],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120859,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120861,120862,120864,120866,120868],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120863,5656],{"class":50},[44,120865,120],{"class":58},[44,120867,35419],{"class":123},[44,120869,571],{"class":58},[44,120871,120872],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,120873,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120875,120876,120878,120880,120882],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,120877,140],{"class":139},[44,120879,127],{"class":58},[44,120881,5656],{"class":123},[44,120883,133],{"class":58},[20,120885,120886],{},[197,120887,150],{},[35,120889,120891],{"className":37,"code":120890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120892,120893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120894,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120896,4521],{"class":58},[44,120898,590],{"class":583},[44,120900,5621],{"class":587},[44,120902,590],{"class":583},[44,120904,66],{"class":58},[44,120906,584],{"class":583},[44,120908,5630],{"class":587},[44,120910,590],{"class":583},[44,120912,66],{"class":58},[44,120914,584],{"class":583},[44,120916,5639],{"class":587},[44,120918,590],{"class":583},[44,120920,1967],{"class":58},[20,120922,120923],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120925,120926,120927,120],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[176,120928,80497],{"href":79000},[30,120930,120932,2495,120934,120936],{"id":120931},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120933,74201],{},[15,120935,15459],{}," work with both",[20,120938,11209,120939,2495,120941,120943],{},[15,120940,75048],{},[15,120942,78491],{}," support:",[205,120945,120946,120951],{},[208,120947,120948,120950],{},[15,120949,78715],{}," for descending order",[208,120952,120953,120956],{},[15,120954,120955],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120958,120959],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1044,120961,120963],{"id":120962},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120965,120967],{"className":37,"code":120966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120968,120969,120989,120993,121015,121019,121037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120970,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120972,884],{"class":50},[44,120974,55],{"class":54},[44,120976,1954],{"class":58},[44,120978,95],{"class":62},[44,120980,66],{"class":58},[44,120982,2212],{"class":62},[44,120984,66],{"class":58},[44,120986,69],{"class":62},[44,120988,1967],{"class":58},[44,120990,120991],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,120992,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,120994,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,120996,140],{"class":139},[44,120998,127],{"class":58},[44,121000,75138],{"class":139},[44,121002,127],{"class":58},[44,121004,4268],{"class":123},[44,121006,66],{"class":58},[44,121008,78694],{"class":9798},[44,121010,55],{"class":54},[44,121012,4226],{"class":4471},[44,121014,556],{"class":58},[44,121016,121017],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121018,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121020,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121022,4268],{"class":50},[44,121024,120],{"class":58},[44,121026,35419],{"class":123},[44,121028,127],{"class":58},[44,121030,74201],{"class":9798},[44,121032,55],{"class":54},[44,121034,4226],{"class":4471},[44,121036,133],{"class":58},[44,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,121040,140],{"class":139},[44,121042,127],{"class":58},[44,121044,4268],{"class":123},[44,121046,133],{"class":58},[20,121048,121049],{},[197,121050,150],{},[35,121052,121054],{"className":37,"code":121053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121055,121056,121072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121057,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121059,4521],{"class":58},[44,121061,95],{"class":62},[44,121063,66],{"class":58},[44,121065,69],{"class":62},[44,121067,66],{"class":58},[44,121069,2212],{"class":62},[44,121071,1967],{"class":58},[44,121073,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121075,4521],{"class":58},[44,121077,95],{"class":62},[44,121079,66],{"class":58},[44,121081,69],{"class":62},[44,121083,66],{"class":58},[44,121085,2212],{"class":62},[44,121087,1967],{"class":58},[1044,121089,121091],{"id":121090},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,121093,121095],{"className":37,"code":121094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121096,121097,121129,121133,121159,121163,121185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121098,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121100,4692],{"class":50},[44,121102,55],{"class":54},[44,121104,1954],{"class":58},[44,121106,633],{"class":583},[44,121108,83985],{"class":587},[44,121110,633],{"class":583},[44,121112,66],{"class":58},[44,121114,643],{"class":583},[44,121116,636],{"class":587},[44,121118,633],{"class":583},[44,121120,66],{"class":58},[44,121122,643],{"class":583},[44,121124,119283],{"class":587},[44,121126,633],{"class":583},[44,121128,1967],{"class":58},[44,121130,121131],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121132,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121134,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121136,140],{"class":139},[44,121138,127],{"class":58},[44,121140,75138],{"class":139},[44,121142,127],{"class":58},[44,121144,4734],{"class":123},[44,121146,66],{"class":58},[44,121148,22197],{"class":9798},[44,121150,55],{"class":54},[44,121152,4064],{"class":548},[44,121154,120],{"class":58},[44,121156,9262],{"class":25368},[44,121158,556],{"class":58},[44,121160,121161],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121162,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121166,4734],{"class":50},[44,121168,120],{"class":58},[44,121170,35419],{"class":123},[44,121172,127],{"class":58},[44,121174,15459],{"class":9798},[44,121176,55],{"class":54},[44,121178,4064],{"class":548},[44,121180,120],{"class":58},[44,121182,9262],{"class":25368},[44,121184,133],{"class":58},[44,121186,121187,121189,121191,121193],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,121188,140],{"class":139},[44,121190,127],{"class":58},[44,121192,4734],{"class":123},[44,121194,133],{"class":58},[20,121196,121197],{},[197,121198,150],{},[35,121200,121202],{"className":37,"code":121201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121203,121204,121232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121205,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121207,4521],{"class":58},[44,121209,590],{"class":583},[44,121211,636],{"class":587},[44,121213,590],{"class":583},[44,121215,66],{"class":58},[44,121217,584],{"class":583},[44,121219,83985],{"class":587},[44,121221,590],{"class":583},[44,121223,66],{"class":58},[44,121225,584],{"class":583},[44,121227,119283],{"class":587},[44,121229,590],{"class":583},[44,121231,1967],{"class":58},[44,121233,121234,121236,121238,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121235,4521],{"class":58},[44,121237,590],{"class":583},[44,121239,636],{"class":587},[44,121241,590],{"class":583},[44,121243,66],{"class":58},[44,121245,584],{"class":583},[44,121247,83985],{"class":587},[44,121249,590],{"class":583},[44,121251,66],{"class":58},[44,121253,584],{"class":583},[44,121255,119283],{"class":587},[44,121257,590],{"class":583},[44,121259,1967],{"class":58},[20,121261,863,121262,121264],{},[15,121263,79209],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121266,121267,121268,120],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[176,121269,121271],{"href":121270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,121273,121275],{"id":121274},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121277,121278],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1044,121280,121282,121283,13214],{"id":121281},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121284,78491],{},[20,121286,121287],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,121289,121291],{"className":37,"code":121290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121292,121293,121313,121317,121331,121335,121345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121294,121295,121297,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121296,884],{"class":50},[44,121298,55],{"class":54},[44,121300,1954],{"class":58},[44,121302,95],{"class":62},[44,121304,66],{"class":58},[44,121306,2212],{"class":62},[44,121308,66],{"class":58},[44,121310,69],{"class":62},[44,121312,1967],{"class":58},[44,121314,121315],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121316,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121318,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121320,112],{"class":50},[44,121322,55],{"class":54},[44,121324,975],{"class":50},[44,121326,120],{"class":58},[44,121328,35419],{"class":123},[44,121330,571],{"class":58},[44,121332,121333],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121334,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121336,121337,121339,121341,121343],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121338,140],{"class":139},[44,121340,127],{"class":58},[44,121342,145],{"class":123},[44,121344,133],{"class":58},[44,121346,121347,121349,121351,121353],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,121348,140],{"class":139},[44,121350,127],{"class":58},[44,121352,4268],{"class":123},[44,121354,133],{"class":58},[20,121356,121357],{},[197,121358,150],{},[35,121360,121361],{"className":37,"code":79832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121362,121363,121367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121364,121365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121366,12424],{"class":4471},[44,121368,121369,121371,121373,121375,121377,121379,121381],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121370,4521],{"class":58},[44,121372,63],{"class":62},[44,121374,66],{"class":58},[44,121376,69],{"class":62},[44,121378,66],{"class":58},[44,121380,74],{"class":62},[44,121382,1967],{"class":58},[20,121384,12516],{},[205,121386,121387,121392,121397],{},[208,121388,121389,121391],{},[15,121390,120394],{}," sorts the list in place",[208,121393,35635,121394,121396],{},[197,121395,199],{}," return the sorted list",[208,121398,90609,121399,42778,121401],{},[15,121400,145],{},[15,121402,4398],{},[1044,121404,121406,121407,121409],{"id":121405},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121408,75048],{}," to change the original list",[35,121411,121413],{"className":37,"code":121412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121414,121415,121435,121439,121449,121453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121416,121417,121419,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121418,884],{"class":50},[44,121420,55],{"class":54},[44,121422,1954],{"class":58},[44,121424,95],{"class":62},[44,121426,66],{"class":58},[44,121428,2212],{"class":62},[44,121430,66],{"class":58},[44,121432,69],{"class":62},[44,121434,1967],{"class":58},[44,121436,121437],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121438,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121440,121441,121443,121445,121447],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121442,75138],{"class":139},[44,121444,127],{"class":58},[44,121446,4268],{"class":123},[44,121448,133],{"class":58},[44,121450,121451],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121452,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121454,121455,121457,121459,121461],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121456,140],{"class":139},[44,121458,127],{"class":58},[44,121460,4268],{"class":123},[44,121462,133],{"class":58},[20,121464,121465],{},[197,121466,150],{},[35,121468,121469],{"className":37,"code":119615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121470,121471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121472,121473,121475,121477,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121474,4521],{"class":58},[44,121476,95],{"class":62},[44,121478,66],{"class":58},[44,121480,2212],{"class":62},[44,121482,66],{"class":58},[44,121484,69],{"class":62},[44,121486,1967],{"class":58},[20,121488,121489,121492],{},[15,121490,121491],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121494,11426],{},[35,121496,121498],{"className":37,"code":121497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121499,121500,121520,121524,121538,121542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121501,121502,121504,121506,121508,121510,121512,121514,121516,121518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121503,884],{"class":50},[44,121505,55],{"class":54},[44,121507,1954],{"class":58},[44,121509,95],{"class":62},[44,121511,66],{"class":58},[44,121513,2212],{"class":62},[44,121515,66],{"class":58},[44,121517,69],{"class":62},[44,121519,1967],{"class":58},[44,121521,121522],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121523,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121525,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121527,56267],{"class":50},[44,121529,55],{"class":54},[44,121531,75182],{"class":139},[44,121533,127],{"class":58},[44,121535,4268],{"class":123},[44,121537,133],{"class":58},[44,121539,121540],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121541,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121543,121544,121546,121548,121550],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121545,140],{"class":139},[44,121547,127],{"class":58},[44,121549,56286],{"class":123},[44,121551,133],{"class":58},[1044,121553,121555,121556,121558],{"id":121554},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121557,64935],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,121560,121561],{"className":37,"code":79934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121562,121563,121575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121564,121565,121567,121569,121571,121573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121566,35307],{"class":50},[44,121568,55],{"class":54},[44,121570,643],{"class":583},[44,121572,39],{"class":587},[44,121574,3979],{"class":583},[44,121576,121577,121579,121581,121583],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121578,35328],{"class":50},[44,121580,120],{"class":58},[44,121582,35419],{"class":123},[44,121584,571],{"class":58},[20,121586,121587,121588,1305],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121589,64935],{},[20,121591,121592,121594],{},[15,121593,64935],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121596,121597,121598,121600,121601,120],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121599,75048],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[176,121602,5754],{"href":6204},[1044,121604,121606,121607,119652],{"id":121605},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121608,75048],{},[35,121610,121612],{"className":37,"code":121611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121613,121614,121627,121641,121645,121655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121615,121616,121618,121620,121622,121625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121617,35307],{"class":50},[44,121619,55],{"class":54},[44,121621,643],{"class":583},[44,121623,121624],{"class":587},"cab",[44,121626,3979],{"class":583},[44,121628,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121630,112],{"class":50},[44,121632,55],{"class":54},[44,121634,75182],{"class":139},[44,121636,127],{"class":58},[44,121638,35328],{"class":123},[44,121640,133],{"class":58},[44,121642,121643],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121644,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,121646,121647,121649,121651,121653],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121648,140],{"class":139},[44,121650,127],{"class":58},[44,121652,145],{"class":123},[44,121654,133],{"class":58},[44,121656,121657,121659,121661,121663,121665,121667],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121658,140],{"class":139},[44,121660,127],{"class":58},[44,121662,549],{"class":548},[44,121664,127],{"class":58},[44,121666,145],{"class":123},[44,121668,556],{"class":58},[20,121670,121671],{},[197,121672,150],{},[35,121674,121676],{"className":37,"code":121675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121677,121678,121706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121681,4521],{"class":58},[44,121683,590],{"class":583},[44,121685,176],{"class":587},[44,121687,590],{"class":583},[44,121689,66],{"class":58},[44,121691,584],{"class":583},[44,121693,130],{"class":587},[44,121695,590],{"class":583},[44,121697,66],{"class":58},[44,121699,584],{"class":583},[44,121701,431],{"class":587},[44,121703,590],{"class":583},[44,121705,1967],{"class":58},[44,121707,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121709,576],{"class":54},[44,121711,580],{"class":579},[44,121713,584],{"class":583},[44,121715,8715],{"class":587},[44,121717,590],{"class":583},[44,121719,593],{"class":54},[20,121721,121722],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,121724,114173],{"id":114172},[20,121726,121727],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[205,121729,121730,121733,121738,121743,121749],{},[208,121731,121732],{},"confusing a function with a method",[208,121734,121735,121736,54270],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121737,64935],{},[208,121739,121740,121741,13214],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121742,78491],{},[208,121744,121745,121746,121748],{},"trying to use ",[15,121747,64935],{}," on non-list data types",[208,121750,51130,121751,121753],{},[15,121752,75048],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121755,121756],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,121758,121760],{"className":37,"code":121759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121761,121762,121772,121786,121811,121826,121836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121763,121764,121766,121768,121770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121765,140],{"class":139},[44,121767,127],{"class":58},[44,121769,8961],{"class":123},[44,121771,133],{"class":58},[44,121773,121774,121776,121778,121780,121782,121784],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,121775,140],{"class":139},[44,121777,127],{"class":58},[44,121779,75138],{"class":139},[44,121781,127],{"class":58},[44,121783,8961],{"class":123},[44,121785,556],{"class":58},[44,121787,121788,121790,121792,121794,121796,121798,121800,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,121789,112],{"class":50},[44,121791,55],{"class":54},[44,121793,9018],{"class":50},[44,121795,120],{"class":58},[44,121797,35419],{"class":123},[44,121799,7984],{"class":58},[44,121801,121802],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121804,140],{"class":139},[44,121806,127],{"class":58},[44,121808,145],{"class":123},[44,121810,133],{"class":58},[44,121812,121813,121815,121817,121819,121821,121824],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,121814,140],{"class":139},[44,121816,127],{"class":58},[44,121818,549],{"class":548},[44,121820,127],{"class":58},[44,121822,121823],{"class":123},"my_data",[44,121825,556],{"class":58},[44,121827,121828,121830,121832,121834],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,121829,32772],{"class":139},[44,121831,127],{"class":58},[44,121833,75138],{"class":139},[44,121835,133],{"class":58},[44,121837,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,121839,32772],{"class":139},[44,121841,127],{"class":58},[44,121843,8715],{"class":548},[44,121845,120],{"class":58},[44,121847,35419],{"class":25368},[44,121849,133],{"class":58},[20,121851,84995],{},[205,121853,121854,121857,121861,121869],{},[208,121855,121856],{},"whether your original list changed",[208,121858,26638,121859,12321],{},[15,121860,75048],{},[208,121862,121863,121864,121866,121867],{},"whether ",[15,121865,64935],{}," returned ",[15,121868,4398],{},[208,121870,121871],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121873,121875],{"id":121874},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121877,121878],{},"Use this rule:",[205,121880,121881,121889],{},[208,121882,121883,121884,121886,121887],{},"Need a ",[197,121885,119977],{},": use ",[15,121888,75048],{},[208,121890,121891,121892,121886,121895],{},"Need to ",[197,121893,121894],{},"change one list directly",[15,121896,78491],{},[20,121898,121899,121900,121902],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121901,75048],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121904,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,121906,121908,121909,428,121911,1447],{"id":121907},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121910,75048],{},[15,121912,78491],{},[20,121914,121915,121917],{},[15,121916,75048],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1044,121919,5776,121921,5779,121923,1447],{"id":121920},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121922,78491],{},[15,121924,4398],{},[20,121926,121927],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1044,121929,5788,121931,121933],{"id":121930},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121932,75048],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121935,121936],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1044,121938,2509,121940,121942],{"id":121939},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121941,64935],{}," on a string?",[20,121944,46988,121945,121947,121948,40552],{},[15,121946,64935],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121949,121950],{},"sorted(string)",[1044,121952,12435,121954,2495,121956,121958],{"id":121953},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121955,75048],{},[15,121957,64935],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121960,121961,121962,120],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121963,78715],{},[30,121965,2528],{"id":2527},[205,121967,121968,121974,121980,121984,121988],{},[208,121969,121970],{},[176,121971,4197,121972,4130],{"href":75145},[15,121973,75048],{},[208,121975,121976],{},[176,121977,4197,121978,2544],{"href":75399},[15,121979,78491],{},[208,121981,121982],{},[176,121983,80497],{"href":79000},[208,121985,121986],{},[176,121987,121271],{"href":121270},[208,121989,121990],{},[176,121991,53397],{"href":51604},[2554,121993,121994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":121996},[121997,121998,121999,122003,122007,122010,122014,122018,122023,122033,122034,122035,122047],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":120065,"depth":85,"text":120066},{"id":118168,"depth":85,"text":119890,"children":122000},[122001],{"id":120132,"depth":109,"text":122002},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78557,"depth":85,"text":80519,"children":122004},[122005],{"id":120309,"depth":109,"text":122006},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120405,"depth":85,"text":120406,"children":122008},[122009],{"id":120431,"depth":109,"text":120432},{"id":120637,"depth":85,"text":122011,"children":122012},"When to use sorted()",[122013],{"id":120659,"depth":109,"text":120660},{"id":120794,"depth":85,"text":122015,"children":122016},"When to use list.sort()",[122017],{"id":120817,"depth":109,"text":120818},{"id":120931,"depth":85,"text":122019,"children":122020},"reverse and key work with both",[122021,122022],{"id":120962,"depth":109,"text":120963},{"id":121090,"depth":109,"text":121091},{"id":121274,"depth":85,"text":121275,"children":122024},[122025,122027,122029,122031],{"id":121281,"depth":109,"text":122026},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121405,"depth":109,"text":122028},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121554,"depth":109,"text":122030},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121605,"depth":109,"text":122032},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114172,"depth":85,"text":114173},{"id":121874,"depth":85,"text":121875},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":122036},[122037,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"id":121907,"depth":109,"text":122038},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121920,"depth":109,"text":122040},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121930,"depth":109,"text":122042},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121939,"depth":109,"text":122044},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121953,"depth":109,"text":122046},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119936,"description":122048},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122054,"title":42799,"body":122055,"description":123787,"extension":2593,"meta":123788,"navigation":364,"path":123789,"seo":123790,"stem":123791,"__hash__":123792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122056,"toc":123744},[122057,122062,122067,122073,122075,122130,122134,122157,122162,122167,122172,122174,122205,122208,122222,122224,122226,122241,122246,122250,122253,122304,122308,122322,122329,122333,122337,122392,122396,122419,122423,122479,122483,122506,122510,122565,122569,122592,122596,122663,122667,122702,122708,122713,122718,122720,122734,122736,122810,122814,122834,122839,122846,122849,122861,122863,122932,122936,122973,122976,123001,123008,123017,123020,123032,123038,123044,123046,123052,123057,123136,123140,123181,123185,123187,123214,123217,123240,123243,123249,123252,123289,123301,123308,123310,123361,123364,123396,123399,123401,123408,123410,123425,123427,123484,123488,123512,123514,123519,123535,123542,123546,123549,123632,123642,123644,123649,123652,123658,123661,123667,123670,123676,123679,123686,123694,123696,123741],[10,122058,4197,122060,4201],{"id":122059},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122061,48307],{},[20,122063,32937,122064,122066],{},[15,122065,48307],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122068,122069,122070,122072],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122071,48307],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,122074,2634],{"id":2633},[35,122076,122078],{"className":37,"code":122077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122079,122080,122088,122102,122106,122116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122081,122082,122084,122086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122083,22246],{"class":50},[44,122085,55],{"class":54},[44,122087,45848],{"class":62},[44,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122091,35307],{"class":50},[44,122093,55],{"class":54},[44,122095,49528],{"class":548},[44,122097,127],{"class":58},[44,122099,9921],{"class":123},[44,122101,133],{"class":58},[44,122103,122104],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122105,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122109,140],{"class":139},[44,122111,127],{"class":58},[44,122113,35328],{"class":123},[44,122115,133],{"class":58},[44,122117,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122119,140],{"class":139},[44,122121,127],{"class":58},[44,122123,549],{"class":548},[44,122125,127],{"class":58},[44,122127,35328],{"class":123},[44,122129,556],{"class":58},[20,122131,122132],{},[197,122133,150],{},[35,122135,122137],{"className":37,"code":122136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122138,122139,122143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122140,122141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122142,3333],{"class":62},[44,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122146,576],{"class":54},[44,122148,580],{"class":579},[44,122150,584],{"class":583},[44,122152,4064],{"class":587},[44,122154,590],{"class":583},[44,122156,593],{"class":54},[20,122158,1296,122159,122161],{},[15,122160,48307],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,122163,186,122165,189],{"id":122164},"what-str-does",[15,122166,48307],{},[20,122168,122169,122171],{},[15,122170,48307],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122173,2735],{},[205,122175,122176,122183,122190,122197],{},[208,122177,122178,122179,42778,122181],{},"An integer like ",[15,122180,2958],{},[15,122182,42749],{},[208,122184,122185,122186,42778,122188],{},"A float like ",[15,122187,40766],{},[15,122189,48718],{},[208,122191,122192,122193,42778,122195],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122194,4226],{},[15,122196,7258],{},[208,122198,122199,122200,42778,122202],{},"A list like ",[15,122201,75870],{},[15,122203,122204],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122206,122207],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[205,122209,122210,122213,122216,122219],{},[208,122211,122212],{},"print it",[208,122214,122215],{},"combine it with other strings",[208,122217,122218],{},"save it to a file",[208,122220,122221],{},"use it in messages",[30,122223,234],{"id":233},[20,122225,7836],{},[35,122227,122229],{"className":37,"code":122228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,122230,122231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122232,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122234,4064],{"class":548},[44,122236,127],{"class":58},[44,122238,43022],{"class":548},[44,122240,133],{"class":58},[20,122242,21389,122243,122245],{},[15,122244,43022],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122247,122248,8847],{},[15,122249,48307],{},[20,122251,122252],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,122254,122256],{"className":37,"code":122255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122257,122258,122267,122290,122294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122259,122260,122262,122264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122261,5713],{"class":50},[44,122263,55],{"class":54},[44,122265,122266],{"class":62}," 100\n",[44,122268,122269,122271,122273,122275,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122270,90629],{"class":50},[44,122272,55],{"class":54},[44,122274,643],{"class":583},[44,122276,122277],{"class":587},"Your score is ",[44,122279,633],{"class":583},[44,122281,3082],{"class":54},[44,122283,49528],{"class":548},[44,122285,127],{"class":58},[44,122287,86142],{"class":123},[44,122289,133],{"class":58},[44,122291,122292],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122293,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122295,122296,122298,122300,122302],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122297,140],{"class":139},[44,122299,127],{"class":58},[44,122301,90646],{"class":123},[44,122303,133],{"class":58},[20,122305,122306],{},[197,122307,150],{},[35,122309,122311],{"className":37,"code":122310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122312,122313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122314,122315,122318,122320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122316,122317],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,122319,12810],{"class":54},[44,122321,122266],{"class":62},[20,122323,2923,122324,122328],{},[176,122325,122326,2930],{"href":2926},[15,122327,2929],{}," can help you check.",[30,122330,122332],{"id":122331},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1044,122334,122336],{"id":122335},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,122338,122340],{"className":37,"code":122339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122341,122342,122350,122364,122368,122378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122343,122344,122346,122348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122345,2845],{"class":50},[44,122347,55],{"class":54},[44,122349,3211],{"class":62},[44,122351,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360,122362],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122353,35307],{"class":50},[44,122355,55],{"class":54},[44,122357,49528],{"class":548},[44,122359,127],{"class":58},[44,122361,2867],{"class":123},[44,122363,133],{"class":58},[44,122365,122366],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122367,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122369,122370,122372,122374,122376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122371,140],{"class":139},[44,122373,127],{"class":58},[44,122375,35328],{"class":123},[44,122377,133],{"class":58},[44,122379,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122381,140],{"class":139},[44,122383,127],{"class":58},[44,122385,549],{"class":548},[44,122387,127],{"class":58},[44,122389,35328],{"class":123},[44,122391,556],{"class":58},[20,122393,122394],{},[197,122395,150],{},[35,122397,122399],{"className":37,"code":122398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122400,122401,122405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122402,122403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122404,3004],{"class":62},[44,122406,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122408,576],{"class":54},[44,122410,580],{"class":579},[44,122412,584],{"class":583},[44,122414,4064],{"class":587},[44,122416,590],{"class":583},[44,122418,593],{"class":54},[1044,122420,122422],{"id":122421},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,122424,122426],{"className":37,"code":122425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122427,122428,122437,122451,122455,122465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122429,122430,122432,122434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122431,41010],{"class":50},[44,122433,55],{"class":54},[44,122435,122436],{"class":62}," 3.14\n",[44,122438,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122440,35307],{"class":50},[44,122442,55],{"class":54},[44,122444,49528],{"class":548},[44,122446,127],{"class":58},[44,122448,25768],{"class":123},[44,122450,133],{"class":58},[44,122452,122453],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122454,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122456,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122458,140],{"class":139},[44,122460,127],{"class":58},[44,122462,35328],{"class":123},[44,122464,133],{"class":58},[44,122466,122467,122469,122471,122473,122475,122477],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122468,140],{"class":139},[44,122470,127],{"class":58},[44,122472,549],{"class":548},[44,122474,127],{"class":58},[44,122476,35328],{"class":123},[44,122478,556],{"class":58},[20,122480,122481],{},[197,122482,150],{},[35,122484,122486],{"className":37,"code":122485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122487,122488,122492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122489,122490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122491,40800],{"class":62},[44,122493,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122495,576],{"class":54},[44,122497,580],{"class":579},[44,122499,584],{"class":583},[44,122501,4064],{"class":587},[44,122503,590],{"class":583},[44,122505,593],{"class":54},[1044,122507,122509],{"id":122508},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,122511,122513],{"className":37,"code":122512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122514,122515,122523,122537,122541,122551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122516,122517,122519,122521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122518,3075],{"class":50},[44,122520,55],{"class":54},[44,122522,7040],{"class":4471},[44,122524,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122526,35307],{"class":50},[44,122528,55],{"class":54},[44,122530,49528],{"class":548},[44,122532,127],{"class":58},[44,122534,3100],{"class":123},[44,122536,133],{"class":58},[44,122538,122539],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122540,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122544,140],{"class":139},[44,122546,127],{"class":58},[44,122548,35328],{"class":123},[44,122550,133],{"class":58},[44,122552,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561,122563],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122554,140],{"class":139},[44,122556,127],{"class":58},[44,122558,549],{"class":548},[44,122560,127],{"class":58},[44,122562,35328],{"class":123},[44,122564,556],{"class":58},[20,122566,122567],{},[197,122568,150],{},[35,122570,122572],{"className":37,"code":122571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122573,122574,122578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122575,122576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122577,4601],{"class":4471},[44,122579,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122581,576],{"class":54},[44,122583,580],{"class":579},[44,122585,584],{"class":583},[44,122587,4064],{"class":587},[44,122589,590],{"class":583},[44,122591,593],{"class":54},[1044,122593,122595],{"id":122594},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,122597,122599],{"className":37,"code":122598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122600,122601,122621,122635,122639,122649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122602,122603,122605,122607,122609,122611,122613,122615,122617,122619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122604,8399],{"class":50},[44,122606,55],{"class":54},[44,122608,1954],{"class":58},[44,122610,63],{"class":62},[44,122612,66],{"class":58},[44,122614,69],{"class":62},[44,122616,66],{"class":58},[44,122618,74],{"class":62},[44,122620,1967],{"class":58},[44,122622,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122624,35307],{"class":50},[44,122626,55],{"class":54},[44,122628,49528],{"class":548},[44,122630,127],{"class":58},[44,122632,8430],{"class":123},[44,122634,133],{"class":58},[44,122636,122637],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122638,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122640,122641,122643,122645,122647],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122642,140],{"class":139},[44,122644,127],{"class":58},[44,122646,35328],{"class":123},[44,122648,133],{"class":58},[44,122650,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122652,140],{"class":139},[44,122654,127],{"class":58},[44,122656,549],{"class":548},[44,122658,127],{"class":58},[44,122660,35328],{"class":123},[44,122662,556],{"class":58},[20,122664,122665],{},[197,122666,150],{},[35,122668,122670],{"className":37,"code":122669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122671,122672,122688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122673,122674,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122675,4521],{"class":58},[44,122677,63],{"class":62},[44,122679,66],{"class":58},[44,122681,69],{"class":62},[44,122683,66],{"class":58},[44,122685,74],{"class":62},[44,122687,1967],{"class":58},[44,122689,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122691,576],{"class":54},[44,122693,580],{"class":579},[44,122695,584],{"class":583},[44,122697,4064],{"class":587},[44,122699,590],{"class":583},[44,122701,593],{"class":54},[20,122703,122704,122705,122707],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[197,122706,199],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,122709,5578,122711],{"id":122710},"when-to-use-str",[15,122712,48307],{},[20,122714,1296,122715,122717],{},[15,122716,48307],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122719,37048],{},[205,122721,122722,122725,122728,122731],{},[208,122723,122724],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[208,122726,122727],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[208,122729,122730],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[208,122732,122733],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122735,295],{},[35,122737,122739],{"className":37,"code":122738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122740,122741,122753,122761,122765,122800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122744,8497],{"class":50},[44,122746,55],{"class":54},[44,122748,643],{"class":583},[44,122750,12125],{"class":587},[44,122752,3979],{"class":583},[44,122754,122755,122757,122759],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122756,22246],{"class":50},[44,122758,55],{"class":54},[44,122760,45848],{"class":62},[44,122762,122763],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122764,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122766,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795,122798],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122768,90629],{"class":50},[44,122770,55],{"class":54},[44,122772,36590],{"class":50},[44,122774,2689],{"class":54},[44,122776,643],{"class":583},[44,122778,5400],{"class":587},[44,122780,633],{"class":583},[44,122782,3082],{"class":54},[44,122784,49528],{"class":548},[44,122786,127],{"class":58},[44,122788,9921],{"class":123},[44,122790,4281],{"class":58},[44,122792,3082],{"class":54},[44,122794,643],{"class":583},[44,122796,122797],{"class":587}," years old.",[44,122799,3979],{"class":583},[44,122801,122802,122804,122806,122808],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122803,140],{"class":139},[44,122805,127],{"class":58},[44,122807,90646],{"class":123},[44,122809,133],{"class":58},[20,122811,122812],{},[197,122813,150],{},[35,122815,122817],{"className":37,"code":122816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122818,122819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122820,122821,122824,122826,122828,122831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122822,122823],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122825,12810],{"class":54},[44,122827,9928],{"class":62},[44,122829,122830],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122832,122833],{"class":58},".\n",[20,122835,122836,122837,120],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[176,122838,90315],{"href":90314},[30,122840,122842,1036,122844],{"id":122841},"str-vs-print",[15,122843,48307],{},[15,122845,47075],{},[20,122847,122848],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[205,122850,122851,122856],{},[208,122852,122853,122855],{},[15,122854,48307],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[208,122857,122858,122860],{},[15,122859,47075],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122862,295],{},[35,122864,122866],{"className":37,"code":122865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122867,122868,122876,122880,122894,122904,122918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122869,122870,122872,122874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122871,3075],{"class":50},[44,122873,55],{"class":54},[44,122875,3393],{"class":62},[44,122877,122878],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122879,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122883,35307],{"class":50},[44,122885,55],{"class":54},[44,122887,49528],{"class":548},[44,122889,127],{"class":58},[44,122891,3100],{"class":123},[44,122893,133],{"class":58},[44,122895,122896,122898,122900,122902],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,122897,140],{"class":139},[44,122899,127],{"class":58},[44,122901,35328],{"class":123},[44,122903,133],{"class":58},[44,122905,122906,122908,122910,122912,122914,122916],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,122907,140],{"class":139},[44,122909,127],{"class":58},[44,122911,549],{"class":548},[44,122913,127],{"class":58},[44,122915,35328],{"class":123},[44,122917,556],{"class":58},[44,122919,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,122921,140],{"class":139},[44,122923,127],{"class":58},[44,122925,549],{"class":548},[44,122927,127],{"class":58},[44,122929,3100],{"class":123},[44,122931,556],{"class":58},[20,122933,122934],{},[197,122935,150],{},[35,122937,122939],{"className":37,"code":122938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122940,122941,122945,122959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122942,122943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122944,47235],{"class":62},[44,122946,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,122948,576],{"class":54},[44,122950,580],{"class":579},[44,122952,584],{"class":583},[44,122954,4064],{"class":587},[44,122956,590],{"class":583},[44,122958,593],{"class":54},[44,122960,122961,122963,122965,122967,122969,122971],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,122962,576],{"class":54},[44,122964,580],{"class":579},[44,122966,584],{"class":583},[44,122968,2816],{"class":587},[44,122970,590],{"class":583},[44,122972,593],{"class":54},[20,122974,122975],{},"Notice:",[205,122977,122978,122984,122989],{},[208,122979,122980,122983],{},[15,122981,122982],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[208,122985,122986,122988],{},[15,122987,47075],{}," only displayed values",[208,122990,122991,122993,122994,122996,122997,61924,122999],{},[15,122992,47075],{}," did not change ",[15,122995,3100],{}," from ",[15,122998,2816],{},[15,123000,4064],{},[20,123002,123003,123004,120],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[176,123005,123006,2930],{"href":47072},[15,123007,47075],{},[30,123009,123011,1036,123013,123016],{"id":123010},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123012,48307],{},[15,123014,123015],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123018,123019],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[205,123021,123022,123027],{},[208,123023,123024,123026],{},[15,123025,48307],{}," is the more readable text version",[208,123028,123029,123031],{},[15,123030,123015],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123033,123034,123035,123037],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123036,48307],{}," much more often.",[20,123039,123040,123041,123043],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123042,48307],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,123045,1580],{"id":1579},[1044,123047,26393,123049,123051],{"id":123048},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123050,48307],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123053,123054,123056],{},[15,123055,48307],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,123058,123060],{"className":37,"code":123059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123061,123062,123070,123084,123088,123098,123112,123122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123063,123064,123066,123068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123065,22246],{"class":50},[44,123067,55],{"class":54},[44,123069,45848],{"class":62},[44,123071,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123073,35307],{"class":50},[44,123075,55],{"class":54},[44,123077,49528],{"class":548},[44,123079,127],{"class":58},[44,123081,9921],{"class":123},[44,123083,133],{"class":58},[44,123085,123086],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123087,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,123089,123090,123092,123094,123096],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,123091,140],{"class":139},[44,123093,127],{"class":58},[44,123095,9921],{"class":123},[44,123097,133],{"class":58},[44,123099,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,123101,140],{"class":139},[44,123103,127],{"class":58},[44,123105,549],{"class":548},[44,123107,127],{"class":58},[44,123109,9921],{"class":123},[44,123111,556],{"class":58},[44,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,123115,140],{"class":139},[44,123117,127],{"class":58},[44,123119,35328],{"class":123},[44,123121,133],{"class":58},[44,123123,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,123125,140],{"class":139},[44,123127,127],{"class":58},[44,123129,549],{"class":548},[44,123131,127],{"class":58},[44,123133,35328],{"class":123},[44,123135,556],{"class":58},[20,123137,123138],{},[197,123139,150],{},[35,123141,123143],{"className":37,"code":123142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123144,123145,123149,123163,123167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123146,123147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123148,3333],{"class":62},[44,123150,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123152,576],{"class":54},[44,123154,580],{"class":579},[44,123156,584],{"class":583},[44,123158,2816],{"class":587},[44,123160,590],{"class":583},[44,123162,593],{"class":54},[44,123164,123165],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123166,3333],{"class":62},[44,123168,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,123170,576],{"class":54},[44,123172,580],{"class":579},[44,123174,584],{"class":583},[44,123176,4064],{"class":587},[44,123178,590],{"class":583},[44,123180,593],{"class":54},[1044,123182,123184],{"id":123183},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123186,7305],{},[35,123188,123190],{"className":37,"code":123189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123191,123192,123200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123193,123194,123196,123198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123195,22246],{"class":50},[44,123197,55],{"class":54},[44,123199,45848],{"class":62},[44,123201,123202,123204,123206,123208,123210,123212],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123203,35307],{"class":50},[44,123205,55],{"class":54},[44,123207,49528],{"class":548},[44,123209,127],{"class":58},[44,123211,9921],{"class":123},[44,123213,133],{"class":58},[20,123215,123216],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,123218,123220],{"className":37,"code":123219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123221,123222,123230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123223,123224,123226,123228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123225,22246],{"class":50},[44,123227,55],{"class":54},[44,123229,45848],{"class":62},[44,123231,123232,123234,123236,123238],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123233,4064],{"class":548},[44,123235,127],{"class":58},[44,123237,9921],{"class":123},[44,123239,133],{"class":58},[20,123241,123242],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1044,123244,863,123246,123248],{"id":123245},"using-str-too-early",[15,123247,48307],{}," too early",[20,123250,123251],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,123253,123255],{"className":37,"code":123254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123256,123257,123265,123280,123284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123258,123259,123261,123263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123260,41010],{"class":50},[44,123262,55],{"class":54},[44,123264,3211],{"class":62},[44,123266,123267,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123268,123269],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,123271,55],{"class":54},[44,123273,49528],{"class":548},[44,123275,127],{"class":58},[44,123277,25768],{"class":123},[44,123279,133],{"class":58},[44,123281,123282],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123283,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,123285,123286],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,123287,123288],{"class":1992},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123290,123291,123292,428,123296,123300],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[176,123293,123294],{"href":3499},[15,123295,3502],{},[176,123297,123298],{"href":3505},[15,123299,3508],{},", depending on the situation.",[1044,123302,9075,123304,123307],{"id":123303},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123305,123306],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123309,65267],{},[35,123311,123313],{"className":37,"code":123312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123314,123315,123347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123316,123317,123319,123321,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123318,8399],{"class":50},[44,123320,55],{"class":54},[44,123322,1954],{"class":58},[44,123324,633],{"class":583},[44,123326,636],{"class":587},[44,123328,633],{"class":583},[44,123330,66],{"class":58},[44,123332,643],{"class":583},[44,123334,646],{"class":587},[44,123336,633],{"class":583},[44,123338,66],{"class":58},[44,123340,643],{"class":583},[44,123342,655],{"class":587},[44,123344,633],{"class":583},[44,123346,1967],{"class":58},[44,123348,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123350,140],{"class":139},[44,123352,127],{"class":58},[44,123354,4064],{"class":548},[44,123356,127],{"class":58},[44,123358,8430],{"class":123},[44,123360,556],{"class":58},[20,123362,123363],{},"prints:",[35,123365,123366],{"className":37,"code":73460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123367,123368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123369,123370,123372,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123371,4521],{"class":58},[44,123373,590],{"class":583},[44,123375,636],{"class":587},[44,123377,590],{"class":583},[44,123379,66],{"class":58},[44,123381,584],{"class":583},[44,123383,646],{"class":587},[44,123385,590],{"class":583},[44,123387,66],{"class":58},[44,123389,584],{"class":583},[44,123391,655],{"class":587},[44,123393,590],{"class":583},[44,123395,1967],{"class":58},[20,123397,123398],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,123400,437],{"id":436},[20,123402,123403,22593,123405,120],{},[15,123404,48307],{},[197,123406,123407],{},"new string",[20,123409,12076],{},[205,123411,123412,123415,123418],{},[208,123413,123414],{},"It always returns a string",[208,123416,123417],{},"It does not modify the original object",[208,123419,8382,123420,123424],{},[176,123421,123422],{"href":2926},[15,123423,2929],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123426,295],{},[35,123428,123430],{"className":37,"code":123429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123431,123432,123440,123455,123459,123470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123433,123434,123436,123438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123435,3075],{"class":50},[44,123437,55],{"class":54},[44,123439,14748],{"class":62},[44,123441,123442,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123443,123444],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,123446,55],{"class":54},[44,123448,49528],{"class":548},[44,123450,127],{"class":58},[44,123452,3100],{"class":123},[44,123454,133],{"class":58},[44,123456,123457],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123458,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,123460,123461,123463,123465,123468],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,123462,140],{"class":139},[44,123464,127],{"class":58},[44,123466,123467],{"class":123},"converted",[44,123469,133],{"class":58},[44,123471,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480,123482],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,123473,140],{"class":139},[44,123475,127],{"class":58},[44,123477,549],{"class":548},[44,123479,127],{"class":58},[44,123481,123467],{"class":123},[44,123483,556],{"class":58},[20,123485,123486],{},[197,123487,150],{},[35,123489,123491],{"className":37,"code":123490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123492,123493,123498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123494,123495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123496,123497],{"class":62},"99\n",[44,123499,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123501,576],{"class":54},[44,123503,580],{"class":579},[44,123505,584],{"class":583},[44,123507,4064],{"class":587},[44,123509,590],{"class":583},[44,123511,593],{"class":54},[30,123513,114173],{"id":114172},[20,123515,123516,123517,75439],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123518,48307],{},[205,123520,123521,123524,123527,123532],{},[208,123522,123523],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[208,123525,123526],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[208,123528,863,123529,123531],{},[15,123530,48307],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[208,123533,123534],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123536,123537,123538,120],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[176,123539,26298,123540],{"href":91027},[15,123541,91028],{},[30,123543,123545],{"id":123544},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123547,123548],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,123550,123552],{"className":37,"code":123551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123553,123554,123562,123566,123576,123590,123594,123608,123618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123555,123556,123558,123560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123557,3075],{"class":50},[44,123559,55],{"class":54},[44,123561,45848],{"class":62},[44,123563,123564],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123565,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,123567,123568,123570,123572,123574],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123569,140],{"class":139},[44,123571,127],{"class":58},[44,123573,3100],{"class":123},[44,123575,133],{"class":58},[44,123577,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,123579,140],{"class":139},[44,123581,127],{"class":58},[44,123583,549],{"class":548},[44,123585,127],{"class":58},[44,123587,3100],{"class":123},[44,123589,556],{"class":58},[44,123591,123592],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,123593,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,123595,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,123597,123444],{"class":50},[44,123599,55],{"class":54},[44,123601,49528],{"class":548},[44,123603,127],{"class":58},[44,123605,3100],{"class":123},[44,123607,133],{"class":58},[44,123609,123610,123612,123614,123616],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,123611,140],{"class":139},[44,123613,127],{"class":58},[44,123615,123467],{"class":123},[44,123617,133],{"class":58},[44,123619,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,123621,140],{"class":139},[44,123623,127],{"class":58},[44,123625,549],{"class":548},[44,123627,127],{"class":58},[44,123629,123467],{"class":123},[44,123631,556],{"class":58},[20,123633,123634,123635,2817,123637,123639,123640,120],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123636,2816],{},[15,123638,2820],{},", or another type into ",[15,123641,4064],{},[30,123643,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,123645,5760,123647,5763],{"id":123646},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123648,48307],{},[20,123650,123651],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1044,123653,2482,123655,123657],{"id":123654},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123656,48307],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123659,123660],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1044,123662,5788,123664,123666],{"id":123663},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123665,48307],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123668,123669],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1044,123671,1444,123673,123675],{"id":123672},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123674,48307],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123677,123678],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1044,123680,15521,123682,57830,123684,1447],{"id":123681},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123683,48307],{},[15,123685,47075],{},[20,123687,46988,123688,123690,123691,123693],{},[15,123689,48307],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123692,47075],{}," shows output.",[30,123695,2528],{"id":2527},[205,123697,123698,123704,123710,123716,123722,123731,123735],{},[208,123699,123700],{},[176,123701,123702,4130],{"href":47072},[15,123703,47075],{},[208,123705,123706],{},[176,123707,123708,4130],{"href":2926},[15,123709,2929],{},[208,123711,123712],{},[176,123713,123714,4130],{"href":3499},[15,123715,3502],{},[208,123717,123718],{},[176,123719,123720,4130],{"href":3505},[15,123721,3508],{},[208,123723,123724],{},[176,123725,123727,123728,123730],{"href":123726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123729,2816],{}," to string in Python",[208,123732,123733],{},[176,123734,91305],{"href":90314},[208,123736,123737],{},[176,123738,30966,123739],{"href":91027},[15,123740,91028],{},[2554,123742,123743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":123745},[123746,123747,123749,123750,123756,123758,123760,123762,123771,123772,123773,123774,123786],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":122164,"depth":85,"text":123748},"What str() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":122331,"depth":85,"text":122332,"children":123751},[123752,123753,123754,123755],{"id":122335,"depth":109,"text":122336},{"id":122421,"depth":109,"text":122422},{"id":122508,"depth":109,"text":122509},{"id":122594,"depth":109,"text":122595},{"id":122710,"depth":85,"text":123757},"When to use str()",{"id":122841,"depth":85,"text":123759},"str() vs print()",{"id":123010,"depth":85,"text":123761},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":123763},[123764,123766,123767,123769],{"id":123048,"depth":109,"text":123765},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123183,"depth":109,"text":123184},{"id":123245,"depth":109,"text":123768},"Using str() too early",{"id":123303,"depth":109,"text":123770},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":114172,"depth":85,"text":114173},{"id":123544,"depth":85,"text":123545},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":123775},[123776,123778,123780,123782,123784],{"id":123646,"depth":109,"text":123777},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123654,"depth":109,"text":123779},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123663,"depth":109,"text":123781},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123672,"depth":109,"text":123783},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123681,"depth":109,"text":123785},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42799,"description":123787},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123794,"title":123795,"body":123796,"description":125249,"extension":2593,"meta":125250,"navigation":364,"path":125251,"seo":125252,"stem":125253,"__hash__":125254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123797,"toc":125211},[123798,123804,123810,123813,123835,123837,123899,123901,123914,123920,123925,123930,123932,123945,123956,123958,123985,123987,124004,124011,124022,124024,124029,124031,124043,124051,124060,124062,124065,124118,124120,124128,124136,124140,124145,124185,124187,124195,124198,124200,124240,124242,124250,124260,124266,124269,124342,124344,124357,124361,124366,124394,124397,124432,124434,124442,124445,124449,124453,124455,124471,124473,124513,124515,124523,124532,124575,124577,124585,124587,124591,124597,124600,124640,124642,124650,124655,124658,124701,124705,124708,124743,124748,124750,124789,124799,124807,124817,124825,124829,124834,124836,124877,124879,124887,124892,124895,124898,124916,124922,124926,124931,124934,124974,124976,124981,125080,125083,125099,125101,125120,125122,125129,125132,125138,125141,125147,125151,125157,125160,125166,125169,125171,125208],[10,123799,123801,123802,18],{"id":123800},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123803,57915],{},[20,123805,123806,123807,123809],{},"The Python string ",[15,123808,57915],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123811,123812],{},"This reference page explains:",[205,123814,123815,123819,123822,123824,123832],{},[208,123816,26638,123817,189],{},[15,123818,57915],{},[208,123820,123821],{},"its syntax",[208,123823,36015],{},[208,123825,123826,123827,2495,123829,123831],{},"how ",[15,123828,36694],{},[15,123830,53286],{}," work",[208,123833,123834],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123836,2634],{"id":2633},[35,123838,123840],{"className":37,"code":123839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123841,123842,123854,123876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123843,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123845,35307],{"class":50},[44,123847,55],{"class":54},[44,123849,643],{"class":583},[44,123851,646],{"class":587},[44,123853,3979],{"class":583},[44,123855,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123857,140],{"class":139},[44,123859,127],{"class":58},[44,123861,35328],{"class":123},[44,123863,120],{"class":58},[44,123865,41882],{"class":123},[44,123867,127],{"class":58},[44,123869,633],{"class":583},[44,123871,176],{"class":587},[44,123873,633],{"class":583},[44,123875,556],{"class":58},[44,123877,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123895,123897],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,123879,140],{"class":139},[44,123881,127],{"class":58},[44,123883,35328],{"class":123},[44,123885,120],{"class":58},[44,123887,41882],{"class":123},[44,123889,127],{"class":58},[44,123891,633],{"class":583},[44,123893,123894],{"class":587},"na",[44,123896,633],{"class":583},[44,123898,556],{"class":58},[20,123900,150],{},[35,123902,123904],{"className":37,"code":123903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123905,123906,123910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123907,123908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123909,47240],{"class":62},[44,123911,123912],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,123913,17675],{"class":62},[20,123915,1296,123916,123919],{},[15,123917,123918],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123921,13613,123923,13616],{"id":123922},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123924,57915],{},[20,123926,123927,123929],{},[15,123928,57915],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123931,203],{},[205,123933,123934,123937,123940,123942],{},[208,123935,123936],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[208,123938,123939],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[208,123941,44281],{},[208,123943,123944],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123946,123947,123948,123950,123951,2817,123953,123955],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123949,18714],{}," characters are in ",[15,123952,65898],{},[15,123954,57915],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123957,234],{"id":233},[35,123959,123961],{"className":37,"code":123960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123962,123963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123966,61797],{"class":50},[44,123968,120],{"class":58},[44,123970,41882],{"class":123},[44,123972,127],{"class":58},[44,123974,3100],{"class":123},[44,123976,66],{"class":58},[44,123978,36673],{"class":123},[44,123980,66],{"class":58},[44,123982,65664],{"class":123},[44,123984,133],{"class":58},[1044,123986,18014],{"id":18013},[205,123988,123989,123994,123999],{},[208,123990,123991,123993],{},[15,123992,3100],{},": the text to search for",[208,123995,123996,123998],{},[15,123997,36694],{},": optional; where counting begins",[208,124000,124001,124003],{},[15,124002,53286],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124005,124006,2495,124008,124010],{},[15,124007,36694],{},[15,124009,53286],{}," work like slice positions:",[205,124012,124013,124018],{},[208,124014,124015,124017],{},[15,124016,36694],{}," is included",[208,124019,124020,76365],{},[15,124021,53286],{},[30,124023,437],{"id":436},[20,124025,124026,124028],{},[15,124027,57915],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124030,2754],{},[205,124032,124033,124038],{},[208,124034,124035,124036],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124037,95],{},[208,124039,124040,124041],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124042,2748],{},[20,124044,1801,124045,5779,124047,428,124049,120],{},[197,124046,199],{},[15,124048,4226],{},[15,124050,4294],{},[20,124052,124053,124054,124059],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[176,124055,124057,1317],{"href":124056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124058,4503],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,124061,613],{"id":612},[20,124063,124064],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,124066,124068],{"className":37,"code":124067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124069,124070,124082,124104,124108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124071,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124073,35307],{"class":50},[44,124075,55],{"class":54},[44,124077,643],{"class":583},[44,124079,636],{"class":587},[44,124081,3979],{"class":583},[44,124083,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124085,112],{"class":50},[44,124087,55],{"class":54},[44,124089,43465],{"class":50},[44,124091,120],{"class":58},[44,124093,41882],{"class":123},[44,124095,127],{"class":58},[44,124097,633],{"class":583},[44,124099,20],{"class":587},[44,124101,633],{"class":583},[44,124103,133],{"class":58},[44,124105,124106],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,124107,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,124109,124110,124112,124114,124116],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,124111,140],{"class":139},[44,124113,127],{"class":58},[44,124115,145],{"class":123},[44,124117,133],{"class":58},[20,124119,150],{},[35,124121,124122],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124123,124124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124125,124126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124127,17675],{"class":62},[20,124129,64443,124130,124133,124134,120],{},[15,124131,124132],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124135,850],{},[30,124137,124139],{"id":124138},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124141,124142,124144],{},[15,124143,57915],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,124146,124148],{"className":37,"code":124147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124149,124150,124163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124151,124152,124154,124156,124158,124161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124153,35307],{"class":50},[44,124155,55],{"class":54},[44,124157,643],{"class":583},[44,124159,124160],{"class":587},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,124162,3979],{"class":583},[44,124164,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124166,140],{"class":139},[44,124168,127],{"class":58},[44,124170,35328],{"class":123},[44,124172,120],{"class":58},[44,124174,41882],{"class":123},[44,124176,127],{"class":58},[44,124178,633],{"class":583},[44,124180,2122],{"class":587},[44,124182,633],{"class":583},[44,124184,556],{"class":58},[20,124186,150],{},[35,124188,124189],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124190,124191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124192,124193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124194,47240],{"class":62},[20,124196,124197],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124199,295],{},[35,124201,124203],{"className":37,"code":124202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124204,124205,124218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124206,124207,124209,124211,124213,124216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124208,35307],{"class":50},[44,124210,55],{"class":54},[44,124212,643],{"class":583},[44,124214,124215],{"class":587},"one One one",[44,124217,3979],{"class":583},[44,124219,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124221,140],{"class":139},[44,124223,127],{"class":58},[44,124225,35328],{"class":123},[44,124227,120],{"class":58},[44,124229,41882],{"class":123},[44,124231,127],{"class":58},[44,124233,633],{"class":583},[44,124235,7202],{"class":587},[44,124237,633],{"class":583},[44,124239,556],{"class":58},[20,124241,150],{},[35,124243,124244],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124245,124246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124247,124248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124249,17675],{"class":62},[20,124251,124252,124253,124256,124257,124259],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124254,124255],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124258,57915],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,124261,863,124262,2495,124264],{"id":66030},[15,124263,36694],{},[15,124265,53286],{},[20,124267,124268],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,124270,124272],{"className":37,"code":124271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124273,124274,124286,124312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124277,35307],{"class":50},[44,124279,55],{"class":54},[44,124281,643],{"class":583},[44,124283,646],{"class":587},[44,124285,3979],{"class":583},[44,124287,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124289,140],{"class":139},[44,124291,127],{"class":58},[44,124293,35328],{"class":123},[44,124295,120],{"class":58},[44,124297,41882],{"class":123},[44,124299,127],{"class":58},[44,124301,633],{"class":583},[44,124303,176],{"class":587},[44,124305,633],{"class":583},[44,124307,66],{"class":58},[44,124309,69],{"class":62},[44,124311,556],{"class":58},[44,124313,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,124315,140],{"class":139},[44,124317,127],{"class":58},[44,124319,35328],{"class":123},[44,124321,120],{"class":58},[44,124323,41882],{"class":123},[44,124325,127],{"class":58},[44,124327,633],{"class":583},[44,124329,176],{"class":587},[44,124331,633],{"class":583},[44,124333,66],{"class":58},[44,124335,69],{"class":62},[44,124337,66],{"class":58},[44,124339,104],{"class":62},[44,124341,556],{"class":58},[20,124343,150],{},[35,124345,124347],{"className":37,"code":124346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,124348,124349,124353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124350,124351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124352,17675],{"class":62},[44,124354,124355],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124356,47540],{"class":62},[1044,124358,124360],{"id":124359},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124362,124363,124364,1598],{},"In ",[15,124365,65898],{},[205,124367,124368,124376,124384],{},[208,124369,71589,124370,124372,124373],{},[15,124371,339],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124374,124375],{},"\"n\"",[208,124377,124378,124381,124382,76663],{},[15,124379,124380],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124383,339],{},[208,124385,124386,124381,124389,124391,124392],{},[15,124387,124388],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124390,339],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124393,357],{},[20,124395,124396],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,124398,124400],{"className":37,"code":124399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124401,124402,124414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124403,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124405,35307],{"class":50},[44,124407,55],{"class":54},[44,124409,643],{"class":583},[44,124411,646],{"class":587},[44,124413,3979],{"class":583},[44,124415,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124417,140],{"class":139},[44,124419,127],{"class":58},[44,124421,35328],{"class":123},[44,124423,4521],{"class":58},[44,124425,339],{"class":62},[44,124427,1598],{"class":58},[44,124429,357],{"class":62},[44,124431,4509],{"class":58},[20,124433,150],{},[35,124435,124436],{"className":37,"code":42091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124437,124438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124439,124440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124441,42091],{"class":50},[20,124443,124444],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,124446,124448],{"id":124447},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124450,124451,124259],{},[15,124452,57915],{},[20,124454,2735],{},[205,124456,124457,124465],{},[208,124458,124459,2495,124461,124464],{},[15,124460,18714],{},[15,124462,124463],{},"\"A\""," are different",[208,124466,124467,2495,124469,124464],{},[15,124468,65158],{},[15,124470,91040],{},[20,124472,295],{},[35,124474,124476],{"className":37,"code":124475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124477,124478,124491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124479,124480,124482,124484,124486,124489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124481,35307],{"class":50},[44,124483,55],{"class":54},[44,124485,643],{"class":583},[44,124487,124488],{"class":587},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,124490,3979],{"class":583},[44,124492,124493,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507,124509,124511],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124494,140],{"class":139},[44,124496,127],{"class":58},[44,124498,35328],{"class":123},[44,124500,120],{"class":58},[44,124502,41882],{"class":123},[44,124504,127],{"class":58},[44,124506,633],{"class":583},[44,124508,636],{"class":587},[44,124510,633],{"class":583},[44,124512,556],{"class":58},[20,124514,150],{},[35,124516,124517],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124518,124519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124520,124521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124522,47540],{"class":62},[20,124524,124525,124526,1598],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[176,124527,124529],{"href":124528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124530,124531],{},"lower()",[35,124533,124535],{"className":37,"code":124534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124536,124537,124549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124538,124539,124541,124543,124545,124547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124540,35307],{"class":50},[44,124542,55],{"class":54},[44,124544,643],{"class":583},[44,124546,124488],{"class":587},[44,124548,3979],{"class":583},[44,124550,124551,124553,124555,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124552,140],{"class":139},[44,124554,127],{"class":58},[44,124556,35328],{"class":123},[44,124558,120],{"class":58},[44,124560,9262],{"class":123},[44,124562,9259],{"class":58},[44,124564,41882],{"class":123},[44,124566,127],{"class":58},[44,124568,633],{"class":583},[44,124570,636],{"class":587},[44,124572,633],{"class":583},[44,124574,556],{"class":58},[20,124576,150],{},[35,124578,124579],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124580,124581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124582,124583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124584,47240],{"class":62},[30,124586,3454],{"id":3453},[20,124588,23712,124589,120],{},[15,124590,57915],{},[1044,124592,9075,124594,124596],{"id":124593},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124595,57915],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124598,124599],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,124601,124603],{"className":37,"code":124602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124604,124605,124618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124606,124607,124609,124611,124613,124616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124608,35307],{"class":50},[44,124610,55],{"class":54},[44,124612,643],{"class":583},[44,124614,124615],{"class":587},"Aardvark",[44,124617,3979],{"class":583},[44,124619,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628,124630,124632,124634,124636,124638],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124621,140],{"class":139},[44,124623,127],{"class":58},[44,124625,35328],{"class":123},[44,124627,120],{"class":58},[44,124629,41882],{"class":123},[44,124631,127],{"class":58},[44,124633,633],{"class":583},[44,124635,176],{"class":587},[44,124637,633],{"class":583},[44,124639,556],{"class":58},[20,124641,150],{},[35,124643,124644],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124645,124646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124647,124648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124649,17675],{"class":62},[20,124651,124252,124652,124654],{},[15,124653,124463],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124656,124657],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,124659,124661],{"className":37,"code":124660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124662,124663,124675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124664,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124666,35307],{"class":50},[44,124668,55],{"class":54},[44,124670,643],{"class":583},[44,124672,124615],{"class":587},[44,124674,3979],{"class":583},[44,124676,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124678,140],{"class":139},[44,124680,127],{"class":58},[44,124682,35328],{"class":123},[44,124684,120],{"class":58},[44,124686,9262],{"class":123},[44,124688,9259],{"class":58},[44,124690,41882],{"class":123},[44,124692,127],{"class":58},[44,124694,633],{"class":583},[44,124696,176],{"class":587},[44,124698,633],{"class":583},[44,124700,556],{"class":58},[1044,124702,124704],{"id":124703},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124706,124707],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,124709,124711],{"className":37,"code":124710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124712,124713,124725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124714,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124716,35307],{"class":50},[44,124718,55],{"class":54},[44,124720,643],{"class":583},[44,124722,646],{"class":587},[44,124724,3979],{"class":583},[44,124726,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124728,140],{"class":139},[44,124730,127],{"class":58},[44,124732,35328],{"class":123},[44,124734,120],{"class":58},[44,124736,41882],{"class":123},[44,124738,127],{"class":58},[44,124740,176],{"class":123},[44,124742,556],{"class":58},[20,124744,124745,124746,120],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124747,176],{},[20,124749,11426],{},[35,124751,124753],{"className":37,"code":124752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124754,124755,124767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124756,124757,124759,124761,124763,124765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124758,35307],{"class":50},[44,124760,55],{"class":54},[44,124762,643],{"class":583},[44,124764,646],{"class":587},[44,124766,3979],{"class":583},[44,124768,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124770,140],{"class":139},[44,124772,127],{"class":58},[44,124774,35328],{"class":123},[44,124776,120],{"class":58},[44,124778,41882],{"class":123},[44,124780,127],{"class":58},[44,124782,633],{"class":583},[44,124784,176],{"class":587},[44,124786,633],{"class":583},[44,124788,556],{"class":58},[1044,124790,37826,124792,9326,124794,428,124797],{"id":124791},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124793,57915],{},[15,124795,124796],{},"find()",[15,124798,59590],{},[20,124800,1296,124801,124803,124804,120],{},[15,124802,57915],{}," when you need the ",[197,124805,124806],{},"number of matches",[20,124808,1296,124809,124803,124814,124816],{},[176,124810,124812],{"href":124811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124813,124796],{},[197,124815,65570],{}," of the first match.",[20,124818,1296,124819,124824],{},[176,124820,124822],{"href":124821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124823,59590],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1044,124826,124828],{"id":124827},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124830,124831,124833],{},[15,124832,57915],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124835,295],{},[35,124837,124839],{"className":37,"code":124838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124840,124841,124854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124842,124843,124845,124847,124849,124852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124844,35307],{"class":50},[44,124846,55],{"class":54},[44,124848,643],{"class":583},[44,124850,124851],{"class":587},"aaaa",[44,124853,3979],{"class":583},[44,124855,124856,124858,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870,124873,124875],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124857,140],{"class":139},[44,124859,127],{"class":58},[44,124861,35328],{"class":123},[44,124863,120],{"class":58},[44,124865,41882],{"class":123},[44,124867,127],{"class":58},[44,124869,633],{"class":583},[44,124871,124872],{"class":587},"aa",[44,124874,633],{"class":583},[44,124876,556],{"class":58},[20,124878,150],{},[35,124880,124881],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124882,124883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124884,124885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124886,17675],{"class":62},[20,124888,124889,124890,120],{},"It does not return ",[15,124891,95],{},[20,124893,124894],{},"Why not?",[20,124896,124897],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[205,124899,124900,124909],{},[208,124901,124902,124905,124906],{},[15,124903,124904],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124907,124908],{},"0-1",[208,124910,124911,124905,124913],{},[15,124912,124904],{},[15,124914,124915],{},"2-3",[20,124917,124918,124919,120],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124920,124921],{},"1-2",[30,124923,5578,124924],{"id":58995},[15,124925,57915],{},[20,124927,1296,124928,124930],{},[15,124929,57915],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124932,124933],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[205,124935,124936,124945,124955,124965],{},[208,124937,1296,124938,124940,124941,124944],{},[15,124939,57915],{}," when you need ",[197,124942,124943],{},"how many times"," something appears",[208,124946,1296,124947,124940,124951,124954],{},[176,124948,124949],{"href":124811},[15,124950,124796],{},[197,124952,124953],{},"where"," it appears",[208,124956,48434,124957,124961,124962],{},[176,124958,124959,1317],{"href":124056},[15,124960,4503],{}," when you only need to know ",[197,124963,124964],{},"if it exists",[208,124966,1296,124967,124973],{},[176,124968,124970],{"href":124969},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124971,124972],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124975,26561],{"id":26560},[20,124977,9497,124978,124980],{},[15,124979,57915],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124982,124984],{"className":37,"code":124983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124985,124986,124996,125010,125032,125058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124987,124988,124990,124992,124994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124989,140],{"class":139},[44,124991,127],{"class":58},[44,124993,35328],{"class":123},[44,124995,133],{"class":58},[44,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,124999,140],{"class":139},[44,125001,127],{"class":58},[44,125003,549],{"class":548},[44,125005,127],{"class":58},[44,125007,35328],{"class":123},[44,125009,556],{"class":58},[44,125011,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028,125030],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125013,140],{"class":139},[44,125015,127],{"class":58},[44,125017,35328],{"class":123},[44,125019,120],{"class":58},[44,125021,41882],{"class":123},[44,125023,127],{"class":58},[44,125025,633],{"class":583},[44,125027,176],{"class":587},[44,125029,633],{"class":583},[44,125031,556],{"class":58},[44,125033,125034,125036,125038,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048,125050,125052,125054,125056],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125035,140],{"class":139},[44,125037,127],{"class":58},[44,125039,35328],{"class":123},[44,125041,120],{"class":58},[44,125043,9262],{"class":123},[44,125045,9259],{"class":58},[44,125047,41882],{"class":123},[44,125049,127],{"class":58},[44,125051,633],{"class":583},[44,125053,176],{"class":587},[44,125055,633],{"class":583},[44,125057,556],{"class":58},[44,125059,125060,125062,125064,125066,125068,125070,125072,125074,125076,125078],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125061,140],{"class":139},[44,125063,127],{"class":58},[44,125065,35328],{"class":123},[44,125067,120],{"class":58},[44,125069,41882],{"class":123},[44,125071,127],{"class":58},[44,125073,633],{"class":583},[44,125075,123894],{"class":587},[44,125077,633],{"class":583},[44,125079,556],{"class":58},[20,125081,125082],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[205,125084,125085,125088,125093,125096],{},[208,125086,125087],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[208,125089,125090,125092],{},[15,125091,35328],{}," not being a string",[208,125094,125095],{},"counting the wrong substring",[208,125097,125098],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125100,59484],{},[205,125102,125103,125106,125109,125112],{},[208,125104,125105],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[208,125107,125108],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[208,125110,125111],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[208,125113,51116,125114,45253,125116,428,125118,73935],{},[15,125115,57915],{},[15,125117,124796],{},[15,125119,4503],{},[30,125121,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,125123,125125,125126,125128],{"id":125124},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125127,57915],{}," change the original string?",[20,125130,125131],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1044,125133,15521,125135,125137],{"id":125134},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125136,57915],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125139,125140],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1044,125142,5760,125144,125146],{"id":125143},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125145,57915],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125148,5766,125149,120],{},[15,125150,2748],{},[1044,125152,5788,125154,125156],{"id":125153},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125155,57915],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125158,125159],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1044,125161,2482,125163,125165],{"id":125162},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125164,57915],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125167,125168],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,125170,2528],{"id":2527},[205,125172,125173,125180,125187,125194,125201],{},[208,125174,125175],{},[176,125176,125177],{"href":124811},[15,125178,125179],{},"Python string find() method",[208,125181,125182],{},[176,125183,125184],{"href":124821},[15,125185,125186],{},"Python string index() method",[208,125188,125189],{},[176,125190,125191],{"href":124528},[15,125192,125193],{},"Python string lower() method",[208,125195,125196],{},[176,125197,125198],{"href":124056},[15,125199,125200],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[208,125202,125203],{},[176,125204,125205],{"href":124969},[15,125206,125207],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2554,125209,125210],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":125212},[125213,125214,125216,125219,125220,125221,125222,125225,125226,125234,125235,125236,125248],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":123922,"depth":85,"text":125215},"What the count() method does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":125217},[125218],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":124138,"depth":85,"text":124139},{"id":66030,"depth":85,"text":66813,"children":125223},[125224],{"id":124359,"depth":109,"text":124360},{"id":124447,"depth":85,"text":124448},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":125227},[125228,125230,125231,125233],{"id":124593,"depth":109,"text":125229},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124703,"depth":109,"text":124704},{"id":124791,"depth":109,"text":125232},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124827,"depth":109,"text":124828},{"id":58995,"depth":85,"text":59626},{"id":26560,"depth":85,"text":26561},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":125237},[125238,125240,125242,125244,125246],{"id":125124,"depth":109,"text":125239},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125134,"depth":109,"text":125241},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125143,"depth":109,"text":125243},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125153,"depth":109,"text":125245},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125162,"depth":109,"text":125247},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123795,"description":125249},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125256,"title":125257,"body":125258,"description":126843,"extension":2593,"meta":126844,"navigation":364,"path":126845,"seo":126846,"stem":126847,"__hash__":126848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125259,"toc":126816},[125260,125263,125266,125363,125372,125374,125393,125397,125400,125403,125416,125419,125448,125453,125458,125516,125518,125551,125557,125561,125564,125567,125596,125599,125626,125629,125632,125636,125639,125646,125709,125711,125729,125732,125736,125739,125742,125784,125787,125831,125834,125837,125841,125846,125849,125892,125894,125917,125920,125953,125956,126005,126015,126019,126022,126025,126054,126057,126068,126070,126129,126132,126136,126139,126142,126157,126166,126169,126203,126206,126233,126236,126243,126245,126248,126250,126253,126267,126276,126278,126305,126309,126312,126326,126329,126388,126392,126395,126422,126425,126452,126460,126463,126523,126525,126558,126562,126565,126584,126589,126638,126643,126645,126648,126707,126725,126727,126731,126739,126743,126746,126750,126756,126760,126770,126774,126777,126779,126813],[10,125261,125257],{"id":125262},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125264,125265],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,125267,125269],{"className":37,"code":125268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125270,125271,125283,125295,125304,125318,125322,125332,125342,125353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279,125281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125274,8497],{"class":50},[44,125276,55],{"class":54},[44,125278,643],{"class":583},[44,125280,5621],{"class":587},[44,125282,3979],{"class":583},[44,125284,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125286,90629],{"class":50},[44,125288,55],{"class":54},[44,125290,584],{"class":583},[44,125292,35487],{"class":587},[44,125294,30319],{"class":583},[44,125296,125297,125300,125302],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125298,125299],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,125301,55],{"class":54},[44,125303,8502],{"class":583},[44,125305,125306,125308,125310,125312,125314,125316],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125307,35307],{"class":50},[44,125309,55],{"class":54},[44,125311,49528],{"class":548},[44,125313,127],{"class":58},[44,125315,50870],{"class":62},[44,125317,133],{"class":58},[44,125319,125320],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125321,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125323,125324,125326,125328,125330],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,125325,140],{"class":139},[44,125327,127],{"class":58},[44,125329,8287],{"class":123},[44,125331,133],{"class":58},[44,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,125335,140],{"class":139},[44,125337,127],{"class":58},[44,125339,90646],{"class":123},[44,125341,133],{"class":58},[44,125343,125344,125346,125348,125351],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,125345,140],{"class":139},[44,125347,127],{"class":58},[44,125349,125350],{"class":123},"empty",[44,125352,133],{"class":58},[44,125354,125355,125357,125359,125361],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,125356,140],{"class":139},[44,125358,127],{"class":58},[44,125360,35328],{"class":123},[44,125362,133],{"class":58},[20,125364,125365,125368,125369,125371],{},[197,125366,125367],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125370,48307],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,125373,15781],{"id":15780},[205,125375,125376,125379,125382,125385,125390],{},[208,125377,125378],{},"What a string is in Python",[208,125380,125381],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[208,125383,125384],{},"How to create an empty string",[208,125386,125387,125388],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125389,48307],{},[208,125391,125392],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,125394,125396],{"id":125395},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125398,125399],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125401,125402],{},"Strings can contain:",[205,125404,125405,125408,125410,125413],{},[208,125406,125407],{},"Letters",[208,125409,57087],{},[208,125411,125412],{},"Spaces",[208,125414,125415],{},"Symbols",[20,125417,125418],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,125420,125422],{"className":37,"code":125421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125423,125424,125432,125440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125425,125426,125428,125430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125427,633],{"class":43952},[44,125429,4464],{"class":43956},[44,125431,3979],{"class":43952},[44,125433,125434,125436,125438],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125435,633],{"class":43952},[44,125437,50870],{"class":43956},[44,125439,3979],{"class":43952},[44,125441,125442,125444,125446],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125443,633],{"class":43952},[44,125445,89771],{"class":43956},[44,125447,3979],{"class":43952},[20,125449,21596,125450,125452],{},[15,125451,50920],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125454,125455,125456,1598],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125457,2929],{},[35,125459,125461],{"className":37,"code":125460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125462,125463,125475,125484,125488,125502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125464,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125466,35307],{"class":50},[44,125468,55],{"class":54},[44,125470,643],{"class":583},[44,125472,50870],{"class":587},[44,125474,3979],{"class":583},[44,125476,125477,125479,125481],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125478,2845],{"class":50},[44,125480,55],{"class":54},[44,125482,125483],{"class":62}," 123\n",[44,125485,125486],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125487,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125489,125490,125492,125494,125496,125498,125500],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125491,140],{"class":139},[44,125493,127],{"class":58},[44,125495,549],{"class":548},[44,125497,127],{"class":58},[44,125499,35328],{"class":123},[44,125501,556],{"class":58},[44,125503,125504,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125505,140],{"class":139},[44,125507,127],{"class":58},[44,125509,549],{"class":548},[44,125511,127],{"class":58},[44,125513,2867],{"class":123},[44,125515,556],{"class":58},[20,125517,150],{},[35,125519,125521],{"className":37,"code":125520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125522,125523,125537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531,125533,125535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125526,576],{"class":54},[44,125528,580],{"class":579},[44,125530,584],{"class":583},[44,125532,4064],{"class":587},[44,125534,590],{"class":583},[44,125536,593],{"class":54},[44,125538,125539,125541,125543,125545,125547,125549],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125540,576],{"class":54},[44,125542,580],{"class":579},[44,125544,584],{"class":583},[44,125546,2816],{"class":587},[44,125548,590],{"class":583},[44,125550,593],{"class":54},[20,125552,125553,125554,120],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[176,125555,125556],{"href":51600},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,125558,125560],{"id":125559},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125562,125563],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125565,125566],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,125568,125570],{"className":37,"code":125569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125571,125572,125585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125573,125574,125577,125579,125581,125583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125575,125576],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,125578,55],{"class":54},[44,125580,584],{"class":583},[44,125582,4464],{"class":587},[44,125584,30319],{"class":583},[44,125586,125587,125589,125591,125594],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125588,140],{"class":139},[44,125590,127],{"class":58},[44,125592,125593],{"class":123},"greeting",[44,125595,133],{"class":58},[20,125597,125598],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,125600,125602],{"className":37,"code":125601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125603,125604,125616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125605,125606,125608,125610,125612,125614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125607,125576],{"class":50},[44,125609,55],{"class":54},[44,125611,643],{"class":583},[44,125613,4464],{"class":587},[44,125615,3979],{"class":583},[44,125617,125618,125620,125622,125624],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125619,140],{"class":139},[44,125621,127],{"class":58},[44,125623,125593],{"class":123},[44,125625,133],{"class":58},[20,125627,125628],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125630,125631],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,125633,125635],{"id":125634},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125637,125638],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125640,125641,125642,428,125644,1598],{},"Use either ",[15,125643,6890],{},[15,125645,4393],{},[35,125647,125649],{"className":37,"code":125648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125650,125651,125660,125669,125673,125684,125695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125652,125653,125656,125658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125654,125655],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,125657,55],{"class":54},[44,125659,8502],{"class":583},[44,125661,125662,125665,125667],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125663,125664],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,125666,55],{"class":54},[44,125668,48119],{"class":583},[44,125670,125671],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125672,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125674,125675,125677,125679,125682],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125676,140],{"class":139},[44,125678,127],{"class":58},[44,125680,125681],{"class":123},"empty1",[44,125683,133],{"class":58},[44,125685,125686,125688,125690,125693],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125687,140],{"class":139},[44,125689,127],{"class":58},[44,125691,125692],{"class":123},"empty2",[44,125694,133],{"class":58},[44,125696,125697,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,125698,140],{"class":139},[44,125700,127],{"class":58},[44,125702,549],{"class":548},[44,125704,127],{"class":58},[44,125706,125681],{"class":123},[44,125708,556],{"class":58},[20,125710,150],{},[35,125712,125713],{"className":37,"code":46393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125714,125715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125716,125717,125719,125721,125723,125725,125727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125718,576],{"class":54},[44,125720,580],{"class":579},[44,125722,584],{"class":583},[44,125724,4064],{"class":587},[44,125726,590],{"class":583},[44,125728,593],{"class":54},[20,125730,125731],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,125733,125735],{"id":125734},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125737,125738],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125740,125741],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,125743,125745],{"className":37,"code":125744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125746,125747,125758,125763,125770,125774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125748,125749,125751,125753,125756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125750,90629],{"class":50},[44,125752,55],{"class":54},[44,125754,125755],{"class":583}," \"\"\"",[44,125757,89571],{"class":587},[44,125759,125760],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125761,125762],{"class":587},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,125764,125765,125768],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125766,125767],{"class":587},"Have a nice day",[44,125769,43960],{"class":583},[44,125771,125772],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125773,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125775,125776,125778,125780,125782],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125777,140],{"class":139},[44,125779,127],{"class":58},[44,125781,90646],{"class":123},[44,125783,133],{"class":58},[20,125785,125786],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,125788,125790],{"className":37,"code":125789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125791,125792,125804,125809,125817,125821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125793,125794,125796,125798,125801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125795,90629],{"class":50},[44,125797,55],{"class":54},[44,125799,125800],{"class":583}," '''",[44,125802,125803],{"class":587},"Line 1\n",[44,125805,125806],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125807,125808],{"class":587},"Line 2\n",[44,125810,125811,125814],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125812,125813],{"class":587},"Line 3",[44,125815,125816],{"class":583},"'''\n",[44,125818,125819],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125820,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125822,125823,125825,125827,125829],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,125824,140],{"class":139},[44,125826,127],{"class":58},[44,125828,90646],{"class":123},[44,125830,133],{"class":58},[20,125832,125833],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125835,125836],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125838,125840],{"id":125839},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125842,192,125843,125845],{},[15,125844,48307],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125847,125848],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125850,125852],{"className":37,"code":125851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125853,125854,125868,125878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125855,125856,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125857,35307],{"class":50},[44,125859,55],{"class":54},[44,125861,49528],{"class":548},[44,125863,127],{"class":58},[44,125865,47149],{"class":62},[44,125867,133],{"class":58},[44,125869,125870,125872,125874,125876],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125871,140],{"class":139},[44,125873,127],{"class":58},[44,125875,35328],{"class":123},[44,125877,133],{"class":58},[44,125879,125880,125882,125884,125886,125888,125890],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125881,140],{"class":139},[44,125883,127],{"class":58},[44,125885,549],{"class":548},[44,125887,127],{"class":58},[44,125889,35328],{"class":123},[44,125891,556],{"class":58},[20,125893,150],{},[35,125895,125897],{"className":37,"code":125896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125898,125899,125903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125900,125901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125902,47235],{"class":62},[44,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125906,576],{"class":54},[44,125908,580],{"class":579},[44,125910,584],{"class":583},[44,125912,4064],{"class":587},[44,125914,590],{"class":583},[44,125916,593],{"class":54},[20,125918,125919],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125921,125923],{"className":37,"code":125922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125924,125925,125939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125926,125927,125929,125931,125933,125935,125937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125928,140],{"class":139},[44,125930,127],{"class":58},[44,125932,4064],{"class":548},[44,125934,127],{"class":58},[44,125936,4226],{"class":4471},[44,125938,556],{"class":58},[44,125940,125941,125943,125945,125947,125949,125951],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125942,140],{"class":139},[44,125944,127],{"class":58},[44,125946,4064],{"class":548},[44,125948,127],{"class":58},[44,125950,40766],{"class":62},[44,125952,556],{"class":58},[20,125954,125955],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125957,125959],{"className":37,"code":125958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125960,125961,125969,125991,125995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125962,125963,125965,125967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125964,22246],{"class":50},[44,125966,55],{"class":54},[44,125968,45848],{"class":62},[44,125970,125971,125973,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985,125987,125989],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,125972,90629],{"class":50},[44,125974,55],{"class":54},[44,125976,643],{"class":583},[44,125978,90047],{"class":587},[44,125980,633],{"class":583},[44,125982,3082],{"class":54},[44,125984,49528],{"class":548},[44,125986,127],{"class":58},[44,125988,9921],{"class":123},[44,125990,133],{"class":58},[44,125992,125993],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,125994,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,125996,125997,125999,126001,126003],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,125998,140],{"class":139},[44,126000,127],{"class":58},[44,126002,90646],{"class":123},[44,126004,133],{"class":58},[20,126006,126007,126008,428,126012,120],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[176,126009,4197,126010,4130],{"href":42798},[15,126011,48307],{},[176,126013,126014],{"href":123726},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,126016,126018],{"id":126017},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126020,126021],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126023,126024],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,126026,126028],{"className":37,"code":126027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126029,126030,126042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126031,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126033,51],{"class":50},[44,126035,55],{"class":54},[44,126037,584],{"class":583},[44,126039,7915],{"class":587},[44,126041,30319],{"class":583},[44,126043,126044,126046,126048,126050,126052],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126045,88],{"class":50},[44,126047,55],{"class":54},[44,126049,643],{"class":583},[44,126051,7915],{"class":587},[44,126053,3979],{"class":583},[20,126055,126056],{},"A common rule is:",[205,126058,126059,126062,126065],{},[208,126060,126061],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[208,126063,126064],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[208,126066,126067],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126069,295],{},[35,126071,126073],{"className":37,"code":126072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126074,126075,126089,126103,126107,126118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126076,126077,126080,126082,126084,126087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126078,126079],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,126081,55],{"class":54},[44,126083,643],{"class":583},[44,126085,126086],{"class":587},"It's working",[44,126088,3979],{"class":583},[44,126090,126091,126094,126096,126098,126101],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126092,126093],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,126095,55],{"class":54},[44,126097,584],{"class":583},[44,126099,126100],{"class":587},"She said \"hello\"",[44,126102,30319],{"class":583},[44,126104,126105],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126106,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,126108,126109,126111,126113,126116],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,126110,140],{"class":139},[44,126112,127],{"class":58},[44,126114,126115],{"class":123},"text1",[44,126117,133],{"class":58},[44,126119,126120,126122,126124,126127],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,126121,140],{"class":139},[44,126123,127],{"class":58},[44,126125,126126],{"class":123},"text2",[44,126128,133],{"class":58},[20,126130,126131],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,126133,126135],{"id":126134},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126137,126138],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126140,126141],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,126143,126145],{"className":37,"code":126144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126146,126147,126152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126148,126149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126150,126151],{"class":1992},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,126153,126154],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126155,126156],{"class":1992},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126158,126159,126160,35950,126162,126165],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126161,590],{},[15,126163,126164],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126167,126168],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,126170,126172],{"className":37,"code":126171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126173,126174,126193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126175,126176,126178,126180,126182,126185,126188,126191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126177,35307],{"class":50},[44,126179,55],{"class":54},[44,126181,584],{"class":583},[44,126183,126184],{"class":587},"It",[44,126186,126187],{"class":35072},"\\'",[44,126189,126190],{"class":587},"s working",[44,126192,30319],{"class":583},[44,126194,126195,126197,126199,126201],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126196,140],{"class":139},[44,126198,127],{"class":58},[44,126200,35328],{"class":123},[44,126202,133],{"class":58},[20,126204,126205],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,126207,126209],{"className":37,"code":126208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126210,126211,126223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126212,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126214,35307],{"class":50},[44,126216,55],{"class":54},[44,126218,643],{"class":583},[44,126220,126086],{"class":587},[44,126222,3979],{"class":583},[44,126224,126225,126227,126229,126231],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126226,140],{"class":139},[44,126228,127],{"class":58},[44,126230,35328],{"class":123},[44,126232,133],{"class":58},[20,126234,126235],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126237,126238,126239,120],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[176,126240,126242],{"href":126241},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,126244,3454],{"id":3453},[20,126246,126247],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1044,126249,90836],{"id":90835},[20,126251,126252],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,126254,126256],{"className":37,"code":126255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126257,126258,126262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126259,126260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126261,126151],{"class":1992},[44,126263,126264],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126265,126266],{"class":1992},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126268,126269,126270,9224,126273,126275],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126271,126272],{},"NameError",[15,126274,5621],{}," is not defined.",[20,126277,11426],{},[35,126279,126281],{"className":37,"code":126280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126282,126283,126295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126284,126285,126287,126289,126291,126293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126286,8497],{"class":50},[44,126288,55],{"class":54},[44,126290,643],{"class":583},[44,126292,5621],{"class":587},[44,126294,3979],{"class":583},[44,126296,126297,126299,126301,126303],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126298,140],{"class":139},[44,126300,127],{"class":58},[44,126302,8287],{"class":123},[44,126304,133],{"class":58},[1044,126306,126308],{"id":126307},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126310,126311],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,126313,126315],{"className":37,"code":126314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126316,126317,126321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126318,126319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126320,126151],{"class":1992},[44,126322,126323],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126324,126325],{"class":1992},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126327,126328],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,126330,126332],{"className":37,"code":126331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126333,126334,126351,126364,126368,126378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126337,126079],{"class":50},[44,126339,55],{"class":54},[44,126341,584],{"class":583},[44,126343,126184],{"class":587},[44,126345,126187],{"class":35072},[44,126347,126348],{"class":587},"s good",[44,126350,30319],{"class":583},[44,126352,126353,126355,126357,126359,126362],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126354,126093],{"class":50},[44,126356,55],{"class":54},[44,126358,643],{"class":583},[44,126360,126361],{"class":587},"It's good",[44,126363,3979],{"class":583},[44,126365,126366],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126367,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,126369,126370,126372,126374,126376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,126371,140],{"class":139},[44,126373,127],{"class":58},[44,126375,126115],{"class":123},[44,126377,133],{"class":58},[44,126379,126380,126382,126384,126386],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,126381,140],{"class":139},[44,126383,127],{"class":58},[44,126385,126126],{"class":123},[44,126387,133],{"class":58},[1044,126389,126391],{"id":126390},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126393,126394],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,126396,126398],{"className":37,"code":126397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126399,126400,126412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126401,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126403,35307],{"class":50},[44,126405,55],{"class":54},[44,126407,125755],{"class":583},[44,126409,4464],{"class":587},[44,126411,43960],{"class":583},[44,126413,126414,126416,126418,126420],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126415,140],{"class":139},[44,126417,127],{"class":58},[44,126419,35328],{"class":123},[44,126421,133],{"class":58},[20,126423,126424],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,126426,126428],{"className":37,"code":126427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126429,126430,126442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126431,126432,126434,126436,126438,126440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126433,35307],{"class":50},[44,126435,55],{"class":54},[44,126437,643],{"class":583},[44,126439,4464],{"class":587},[44,126441,3979],{"class":583},[44,126443,126444,126446,126448,126450],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126445,140],{"class":139},[44,126447,127],{"class":58},[44,126449,35328],{"class":123},[44,126451,133],{"class":58},[1044,126453,5198,126455,2495,126457,126459],{"id":126454},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126456,50870],{},[15,126458,50920],{}," are the same type",[20,126461,126462],{},"They are different:",[35,126464,126466],{"className":37,"code":126465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126467,126468,126477,126490,126494,126508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126469,126470,126473,126475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126471,126472],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,126474,55],{"class":54},[44,126476,125483],{"class":62},[44,126478,126479,126482,126484,126486,126488],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126480,126481],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,126483,55],{"class":54},[44,126485,643],{"class":583},[44,126487,50870],{"class":587},[44,126489,3979],{"class":583},[44,126491,126492],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126493,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,126495,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,126497,140],{"class":139},[44,126499,127],{"class":58},[44,126501,549],{"class":548},[44,126503,127],{"class":58},[44,126505,85392],{"class":123},[44,126507,556],{"class":58},[44,126509,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126521],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,126511,140],{"class":139},[44,126513,127],{"class":58},[44,126515,549],{"class":548},[44,126517,127],{"class":58},[44,126519,126520],{"class":123},"value2",[44,126522,556],{"class":58},[20,126524,150],{},[35,126526,126528],{"className":37,"code":126527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126529,126530,126544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126531,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126533,576],{"class":54},[44,126535,580],{"class":579},[44,126537,584],{"class":583},[44,126539,2816],{"class":587},[44,126541,590],{"class":583},[44,126543,593],{"class":54},[44,126545,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126547,576],{"class":54},[44,126549,580],{"class":579},[44,126551,584],{"class":583},[44,126553,4064],{"class":587},[44,126555,590],{"class":583},[44,126557,593],{"class":54},[1044,126559,126561],{"id":126560},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126563,126564],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,126566,126568],{"className":37,"code":126567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126569,126570,126574,126579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126571,126572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126573,126151],{"class":1992},[44,126575,126576],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126577,126578],{"class":1992},"# age = 10\n",[44,126580,126581],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126582,126583],{"class":1992},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126585,126586,126587,1598],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126588,48307],{},[35,126590,126592],{"className":37,"code":126591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126593,126594,126602,126624,126628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126595,126596,126598,126600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126597,22246],{"class":50},[44,126599,55],{"class":54},[44,126601,3211],{"class":62},[44,126603,126604,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616,126618,126620,126622],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126605,90629],{"class":50},[44,126607,55],{"class":54},[44,126609,643],{"class":583},[44,126611,90047],{"class":587},[44,126613,633],{"class":583},[44,126615,3082],{"class":54},[44,126617,49528],{"class":548},[44,126619,127],{"class":58},[44,126621,9921],{"class":123},[44,126623,133],{"class":58},[44,126625,126626],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126627,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,126629,126630,126632,126634,126636],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,126631,140],{"class":139},[44,126633,127],{"class":58},[44,126635,90646],{"class":123},[44,126637,133],{"class":58},[20,126639,126640,126641,120],{},"For this specific error, see ",[176,126642,91028],{"href":91027},[1044,126644,61333],{"id":61332},[20,126646,126647],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,126649,126651],{"className":37,"code":126650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126652,126653,126665,126669,126679,126693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126654,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126656,35307],{"class":50},[44,126658,55],{"class":54},[44,126660,643],{"class":583},[44,126662,4464],{"class":587},[44,126664,3979],{"class":583},[44,126666,126667],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126668,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,126670,126671,126673,126675,126677],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126672,140],{"class":139},[44,126674,127],{"class":58},[44,126676,35328],{"class":123},[44,126678,133],{"class":58},[44,126680,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,126682,140],{"class":139},[44,126684,127],{"class":58},[44,126686,549],{"class":548},[44,126688,127],{"class":58},[44,126690,35328],{"class":123},[44,126692,556],{"class":58},[44,126694,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,126696,140],{"class":139},[44,126698,127],{"class":58},[44,126700,42402],{"class":139},[44,126702,127],{"class":58},[44,126704,35328],{"class":123},[44,126706,556],{"class":58},[205,126708,126709,126714,126719],{},[208,126710,126711,46901],{},[15,126712,126713],{},"print(text)",[208,126715,126716,46906],{},[15,126717,126718],{},"print(type(text))",[208,126720,126721,126724],{},[15,126722,126723],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,126726,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,126728,126730],{"id":126729},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126732,126733,126734,428,126737,120],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126735,126736],{},"'hello'",[15,126738,65158],{},[1044,126740,126742],{"id":126741},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126744,126745],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1044,126747,126749],{"id":126748},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126751,1296,126752,428,126754,120],{},[15,126753,6890],{},[15,126755,4393],{},[1044,126757,126759],{"id":126758},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126761,1296,126762,126764,126765,126767,126768,120],{},[15,126763,48307],{},", like ",[15,126766,81004],{},", which returns ",[15,126769,42749],{},[1044,126771,126773],{"id":126772},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126775,126776],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,126778,2528],{"id":2527},[205,126780,126781,126785,126791,126796,126805,126809],{},[208,126782,126783],{},[176,126784,125556],{"href":51600},[208,126786,126787],{},[176,126788,4197,126789,4130],{"href":42798},[15,126790,48307],{},[208,126792,126793],{},[176,126794,126795],{"href":123726},"How to convert int to string in Python",[208,126797,126798],{},[176,126799,126801,126802,2544],{"href":126800},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126803,126804],{},"format()",[208,126806,126807],{},[176,126808,126242],{"href":126241},[208,126810,126811],{},[176,126812,91028],{"href":91027},[2554,126814,126815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":126817},[126818,126819,126820,126821,126822,126823,126824,126825,126826,126835,126842],{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":125395,"depth":85,"text":125396},{"id":125559,"depth":85,"text":125560},{"id":125634,"depth":85,"text":125635},{"id":125734,"depth":85,"text":125735},{"id":125839,"depth":85,"text":125840},{"id":126017,"depth":85,"text":126018},{"id":126134,"depth":85,"text":126135},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":126827},[126828,126829,126830,126831,126833,126834],{"id":90835,"depth":109,"text":90836},{"id":126307,"depth":109,"text":126308},{"id":126390,"depth":109,"text":126391},{"id":126454,"depth":109,"text":126832},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126560,"depth":109,"text":126561},{"id":61332,"depth":109,"text":61333},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":126836},[126837,126838,126839,126840,126841],{"id":126729,"depth":109,"text":126730},{"id":126741,"depth":109,"text":126742},{"id":126748,"depth":109,"text":126749},{"id":126758,"depth":109,"text":126759},{"id":126772,"depth":109,"text":126773},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125257,"description":126843},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126850,"title":126851,"body":126852,"description":128766,"extension":2593,"meta":128767,"navigation":364,"path":128768,"seo":128769,"stem":128770,"__hash__":128771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126853,"toc":128727},[126854,126860,126865,126873,126875,126942,126944,126956,126965,126970,126974,126991,126993,127058,127060,127072,127077,127079,127107,127128,127131,127170,127172,127180,127184,127188,127192,127200,127203,127244,127246,127254,127257,127314,127316,127324,127328,127333,127377,127379,127387,127396,127400,127405,127453,127455,127463,127469,127471,127475,127487,127492,127571,127573,127593,127597,127601,127641,127643,127651,127655,127698,127700,127708,127712,127752,127754,127762,127766,127822,127824,127832,127838,127840,127844,127854,127921,127923,127936,127943,127986,127988,127996,128000,128003,128059,128061,128069,128072,128074,128151,128153,128161,128170,128172,128176,128180,128182,128204,128207,128254,128258,128297,128299,128307,128309,128351,128358,128363,128425,128427,128439,128445,128450,128499,128501,128520,128526,128528,128547,128549,128640,128642,128648,128655,128661,128667,128672,128681,128688,128696,128698,128724],[10,126855,123801,126857,18],{"id":126856},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126858,126859],{},"endswith()",[20,126861,123806,126862,126864],{},[15,126863,126859],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126866,126867,126868,428,126870,126872],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126869,4226],{},[15,126871,4294],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126874,2634],{"id":2633},[35,126876,126878],{"className":37,"code":126877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126879,126880,126894,126919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126881,126882,126885,126887,126889,126892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126883,126884],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126886,55],{"class":54},[44,126888,643],{"class":583},[44,126890,126891],{"class":587},"report.csv",[44,126893,3979],{"class":583},[44,126895,126896,126898,126900,126903,126905,126908,126910,126912,126915,126917],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126897,140],{"class":139},[44,126899,127],{"class":58},[44,126901,126902],{"class":123},"filename",[44,126904,120],{"class":58},[44,126906,126907],{"class":123},"endswith",[44,126909,127],{"class":58},[44,126911,633],{"class":583},[44,126913,126914],{"class":587},".csv",[44,126916,633],{"class":583},[44,126918,556],{"class":58},[44,126920,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126938,126940],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,126922,140],{"class":139},[44,126924,127],{"class":58},[44,126926,126902],{"class":123},[44,126928,120],{"class":58},[44,126930,126907],{"class":123},[44,126932,127],{"class":58},[44,126934,633],{"class":583},[44,126936,126937],{"class":587},".txt",[44,126939,633],{"class":583},[44,126941,556],{"class":58},[20,126943,150],{},[35,126945,126946],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126947,126948,126952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126949,126950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126951,4601],{"class":4471},[44,126953,126954],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,126955,4662],{"class":4471},[20,126957,1296,126958,5987,126960,428,126962,126964],{},[15,126959,126859],{},[15,126961,4226],{},[15,126963,4294],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126966,186,126968,189],{"id":126967},"what-endswith-does",[15,126969,126859],{},[20,126971,126972,1598],{},[15,126973,126859],{},[205,126975,126976,126979,126985,126988],{},[208,126977,126978],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[208,126980,12041,126981,428,126983],{},[15,126982,4226],{},[15,126984,4294],{},[208,126986,126987],{},"Does not change the original string",[208,126989,126990],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126992,295],{},[35,126994,126996],{"className":37,"code":126995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126997,126998,127010,127014,127036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127001,35307],{"class":50},[44,127003,55],{"class":54},[44,127005,643],{"class":583},[44,127007,61029],{"class":587},[44,127009,3979],{"class":583},[44,127011,127012],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127013,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,127015,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,127017,140],{"class":139},[44,127019,127],{"class":58},[44,127021,35328],{"class":123},[44,127023,120],{"class":58},[44,127025,126907],{"class":123},[44,127027,127],{"class":58},[44,127029,633],{"class":583},[44,127031,61214],{"class":587},[44,127033,633],{"class":583},[44,127035,556],{"class":58},[44,127037,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,127039,140],{"class":139},[44,127041,127],{"class":58},[44,127043,35328],{"class":123},[44,127045,120],{"class":58},[44,127047,126907],{"class":123},[44,127049,127],{"class":58},[44,127051,633],{"class":583},[44,127053,4464],{"class":587},[44,127055,633],{"class":583},[44,127057,556],{"class":58},[20,127059,150],{},[35,127061,127062],{"className":37,"code":44797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127063,127064,127068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127065,127066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127067,4601],{"class":4471},[44,127069,127070],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127071,4662],{"class":4471},[20,127073,127074,127075,120],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[176,127076,125556],{"href":51600},[30,127078,234],{"id":233},[35,127080,127082],{"className":37,"code":127081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127083,127084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127085,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127087,61797],{"class":50},[44,127089,120],{"class":58},[44,127091,126907],{"class":123},[44,127093,127],{"class":58},[44,127095,127096],{"class":123},"suffix",[44,127098,66],{"class":58},[44,127100,36673],{"class":123},[44,127102,66],{"class":58},[44,127104,65664],{"class":123},[44,127106,133],{"class":58},[205,127108,127109,127114,127121],{},[208,127110,127111,127113],{},[15,127112,127096],{}," is required",[208,127115,127116,2495,127118,127120],{},[15,127117,36694],{},[15,127119,53286],{}," are optional",[208,127122,127123,2495,127125,127127],{},[15,127124,36694],{},[15,127126,53286],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127129,127130],{},"Basic example:",[35,127132,127134],{"className":37,"code":127133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127135,127136,127148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127137,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127139,126884],{"class":50},[44,127141,55],{"class":54},[44,127143,643],{"class":583},[44,127145,87517],{"class":587},[44,127147,3979],{"class":583},[44,127149,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127151,140],{"class":139},[44,127153,127],{"class":58},[44,127155,126902],{"class":123},[44,127157,120],{"class":58},[44,127159,126907],{"class":123},[44,127161,127],{"class":58},[44,127163,633],{"class":583},[44,127165,126937],{"class":587},[44,127167,633],{"class":583},[44,127169,556],{"class":58},[20,127171,150],{},[35,127173,127174],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127175,127176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127177,127178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127179,4601],{"class":4471},[30,127181,127183],{"id":127182},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1044,127185,127186],{"id":127096},[15,127187,127096],{},[20,127189,127190,31369],{},[15,127191,127096],{},[205,127193,127194,127197],{},[208,127195,127196],{},"A single string",[208,127198,127199],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127201,127202],{},"Single suffix:",[35,127204,127206],{"className":37,"code":127205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127207,127208,127221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127209,127210,127212,127214,127216,127219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127211,8497],{"class":50},[44,127213,55],{"class":54},[44,127215,643],{"class":583},[44,127217,127218],{"class":587},"image.png",[44,127220,3979],{"class":583},[44,127222,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127240,127242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127224,140],{"class":139},[44,127226,127],{"class":58},[44,127228,8287],{"class":123},[44,127230,120],{"class":58},[44,127232,126907],{"class":123},[44,127234,127],{"class":58},[44,127236,633],{"class":583},[44,127238,127239],{"class":587},".png",[44,127241,633],{"class":583},[44,127243,556],{"class":58},[20,127245,150],{},[35,127247,127248],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127249,127250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127251,127252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127253,4601],{"class":4471},[20,127255,127256],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,127258,127260],{"className":37,"code":127259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127261,127262,127274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127263,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127265,8497],{"class":50},[44,127267,55],{"class":54},[44,127269,643],{"class":583},[44,127271,127218],{"class":587},[44,127273,3979],{"class":583},[44,127275,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127310,127312],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127277,140],{"class":139},[44,127279,127],{"class":58},[44,127281,8287],{"class":123},[44,127283,120],{"class":58},[44,127285,126907],{"class":123},[44,127287,6128],{"class":58},[44,127289,633],{"class":583},[44,127291,127292],{"class":587},".jpg",[44,127294,633],{"class":583},[44,127296,66],{"class":58},[44,127298,643],{"class":583},[44,127300,127239],{"class":587},[44,127302,633],{"class":583},[44,127304,66],{"class":58},[44,127306,643],{"class":583},[44,127308,127309],{"class":587},".gif",[44,127311,633],{"class":583},[44,127313,2432],{"class":58},[20,127315,150],{},[35,127317,127318],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127319,127320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127321,127322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127323,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,127325,127326],{"id":36694},[15,127327,36694],{},[20,127329,127330,127332],{},[15,127331,36694],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,127334,127336],{"className":37,"code":127335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127337,127338,127351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127339,127340,127342,127344,127346,127349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127341,35307],{"class":50},[44,127343,55],{"class":54},[44,127345,643],{"class":583},[44,127347,127348],{"class":587},"my_report.csv",[44,127350,3979],{"class":583},[44,127352,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127354,140],{"class":139},[44,127356,127],{"class":58},[44,127358,35328],{"class":123},[44,127360,120],{"class":58},[44,127362,126907],{"class":123},[44,127364,127],{"class":58},[44,127366,633],{"class":583},[44,127368,126914],{"class":587},[44,127370,633],{"class":583},[44,127372,66],{"class":58},[44,127374,74],{"class":62},[44,127376,556],{"class":58},[20,127378,150],{},[35,127380,127381],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127382,127383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127384,127385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127386,4601],{"class":4471},[20,127388,127389,127390,127392,127393,120],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127391,95],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127394,127395],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1044,127397,127398],{"id":53286},[15,127399,53286],{},[20,127401,127402,127404],{},[15,127403,53286],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,127406,127408],{"className":37,"code":127407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127409,127410,127423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127411,127412,127414,127416,127418,127421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127413,35307],{"class":50},[44,127415,55],{"class":54},[44,127417,643],{"class":583},[44,127419,127420],{"class":587},"report.csv backup",[44,127422,3979],{"class":583},[44,127424,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127426,140],{"class":139},[44,127428,127],{"class":58},[44,127430,35328],{"class":123},[44,127432,120],{"class":58},[44,127434,126907],{"class":123},[44,127436,127],{"class":58},[44,127438,633],{"class":583},[44,127440,126914],{"class":587},[44,127442,633],{"class":583},[44,127444,66],{"class":58},[44,127446,4452],{"class":62},[44,127448,66],{"class":58},[44,127450,6622],{"class":62},[44,127452,556],{"class":58},[20,127454,150],{},[35,127456,127457],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127458,127459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127460,127461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127462,4601],{"class":4471},[20,127464,127465,127466,127468],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127467,127395],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,127470,437],{"id":436},[20,127472,127473,26127],{},[15,127474,126859],{},[205,127476,127477,127482],{},[208,127478,127479,127481],{},[15,127480,4226],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[208,127483,127484,127486],{},[15,127485,4294],{}," if it does not",[20,127488,127489,127490,7790],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127491,7615],{},[35,127493,127495],{"className":37,"code":127494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127496,127497,127510,127514,127535,127550,127556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127500,126884],{"class":50},[44,127502,55],{"class":54},[44,127504,643],{"class":583},[44,127506,127507],{"class":587},"data.csv",[44,127509,3979],{"class":583},[44,127511,127512],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127513,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,127515,127516,127518,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,127517,7615],{"class":4496},[44,127519,127520],{"class":50}," filename",[44,127522,120],{"class":58},[44,127524,126907],{"class":123},[44,127526,127],{"class":58},[44,127528,633],{"class":583},[44,127530,126914],{"class":587},[44,127532,633],{"class":583},[44,127534,8964],{"class":58},[44,127536,127537,127539,127541,127543,127546,127548],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,127538,8690],{"class":139},[44,127540,127],{"class":58},[44,127542,633],{"class":583},[44,127544,127545],{"class":587},"This is a CSV file.",[44,127547,633],{"class":583},[44,127549,133],{"class":58},[44,127551,127552,127554],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,127553,28053],{"class":4496},[44,127555,7011],{"class":58},[44,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127567,127569],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,127559,8690],{"class":139},[44,127561,127],{"class":58},[44,127563,633],{"class":583},[44,127565,127566],{"class":587},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,127568,633],{"class":583},[44,127570,133],{"class":58},[20,127572,150],{},[35,127574,127576],{"className":37,"code":127575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127577,127578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127579,127580,127582,127584,127586,127589,127591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127581,50503],{"class":50},[44,127583,12810],{"class":54},[44,127585,45168],{"class":50},[44,127587,127588],{"class":35072},"CSV",[44,127590,87258],{"class":87257},[44,127592,122833],{"class":58},[30,127594,127596],{"id":127595},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1044,127598,127600],{"id":127599},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,127602,127604],{"className":37,"code":127603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127605,127606,127619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127609,126884],{"class":50},[44,127611,55],{"class":54},[44,127613,643],{"class":583},[44,127615,127616],{"class":587},"sales.csv",[44,127618,3979],{"class":583},[44,127620,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127622,140],{"class":139},[44,127624,127],{"class":58},[44,127626,126902],{"class":123},[44,127628,120],{"class":58},[44,127630,126907],{"class":123},[44,127632,127],{"class":58},[44,127634,633],{"class":583},[44,127636,126914],{"class":587},[44,127638,633],{"class":583},[44,127640,556],{"class":58},[20,127642,150],{},[35,127644,127645],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127646,127647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127648,127649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127650,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,127652,127654],{"id":127653},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,127656,127658],{"className":37,"code":127657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127659,127660,127674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127661,127662,127665,127667,127669,127672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127663,127664],{"class":50},"url ",[44,127666,55],{"class":54},[44,127668,643],{"class":583},[44,127670,127671],{"class":587},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,127673,3979],{"class":583},[44,127675,127676,127678,127680,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127694,127696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127677,140],{"class":139},[44,127679,127],{"class":58},[44,127681,127682],{"class":123},"url",[44,127684,120],{"class":58},[44,127686,126907],{"class":123},[44,127688,127],{"class":58},[44,127690,633],{"class":583},[44,127692,127693],{"class":587},"\u002F",[44,127695,633],{"class":583},[44,127697,556],{"class":58},[20,127699,150],{},[35,127701,127702],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127703,127704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127705,127706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127707,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,127709,127711],{"id":127710},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,127713,127715],{"className":37,"code":127714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127716,127717,127730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127720,90629],{"class":50},[44,127722,55],{"class":54},[44,127724,643],{"class":583},[44,127726,127727],{"class":587},"Hello!",[44,127729,3979],{"class":583},[44,127731,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127733,140],{"class":139},[44,127735,127],{"class":58},[44,127737,90646],{"class":123},[44,127739,120],{"class":58},[44,127741,126907],{"class":123},[44,127743,127],{"class":58},[44,127745,633],{"class":583},[44,127747,90470],{"class":587},[44,127749,633],{"class":583},[44,127751,556],{"class":58},[20,127753,150],{},[35,127755,127756],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127757,127758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127759,127760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127761,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,127763,127765],{"id":127764},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,127767,127769],{"className":37,"code":127768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127770,127771,127784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127772,127773,127775,127777,127779,127782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127774,126884],{"class":50},[44,127776,55],{"class":54},[44,127778,643],{"class":583},[44,127780,127781],{"class":587},"photo.jpg",[44,127783,3979],{"class":583},[44,127785,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127787,140],{"class":139},[44,127789,127],{"class":58},[44,127791,126902],{"class":123},[44,127793,120],{"class":58},[44,127795,126907],{"class":123},[44,127797,6128],{"class":58},[44,127799,633],{"class":583},[44,127801,127292],{"class":587},[44,127803,633],{"class":583},[44,127805,66],{"class":58},[44,127807,643],{"class":583},[44,127809,127239],{"class":587},[44,127811,633],{"class":583},[44,127813,66],{"class":58},[44,127815,643],{"class":583},[44,127817,127309],{"class":587},[44,127819,633],{"class":583},[44,127821,2432],{"class":58},[20,127823,150],{},[35,127825,127826],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127827,127828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127829,127830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127831,4601],{"class":4471},[20,127833,127834,127835,120],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[176,127836,127837],{"href":124056},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127839,124448],{"id":124447},[20,127841,127842,124259],{},[15,127843,126859],{},[20,127845,127846,127847,2495,127850,127853],{},"That means ",[15,127848,127849],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127851,127852],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127855,127857],{"className":37,"code":127856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127858,127859,127872,127876,127898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127862,126884],{"class":50},[44,127864,55],{"class":54},[44,127866,643],{"class":583},[44,127868,127869],{"class":587},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127871,3979],{"class":583},[44,127873,127874],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127875,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,127877,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,127879,140],{"class":139},[44,127881,127],{"class":58},[44,127883,126902],{"class":123},[44,127885,120],{"class":58},[44,127887,126907],{"class":123},[44,127889,127],{"class":58},[44,127891,633],{"class":583},[44,127893,126914],{"class":587},[44,127895,633],{"class":583},[44,127897,556],{"class":58},[44,127899,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127917,127919],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,127901,140],{"class":139},[44,127903,127],{"class":58},[44,127905,126902],{"class":123},[44,127907,120],{"class":58},[44,127909,126907],{"class":123},[44,127911,127],{"class":58},[44,127913,633],{"class":583},[44,127915,127916],{"class":587},".CSV",[44,127918,633],{"class":583},[44,127920,556],{"class":58},[20,127922,150],{},[35,127924,127926],{"className":37,"code":127925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127927,127928,127932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127929,127930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127931,4662],{"class":4471},[44,127933,127934],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127935,4601],{"class":4471},[20,127937,127938,127939,120],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[176,127940,127941],{"href":124528},[15,127942,124531],{},[35,127944,127946],{"className":37,"code":127945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127947,127948,127960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127949,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127951,126884],{"class":50},[44,127953,55],{"class":54},[44,127955,643],{"class":583},[44,127957,127869],{"class":587},[44,127959,3979],{"class":583},[44,127961,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,127963,140],{"class":139},[44,127965,127],{"class":58},[44,127967,126902],{"class":123},[44,127969,120],{"class":58},[44,127971,9262],{"class":123},[44,127973,9259],{"class":58},[44,127975,126907],{"class":123},[44,127977,127],{"class":58},[44,127979,633],{"class":583},[44,127981,126914],{"class":587},[44,127983,633],{"class":583},[44,127985,556],{"class":58},[20,127987,150],{},[35,127989,127990],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127991,127992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127993,127994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127995,4601],{"class":4471},[30,127997,127999],{"id":127998},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128001,128002],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,128004,128006],{"className":37,"code":128005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128007,128008,128021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128009,128010,128012,128014,128016,128019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128011,126884],{"class":50},[44,128013,55],{"class":54},[44,128015,643],{"class":583},[44,128017,128018],{"class":587},"picture.gif",[44,128020,3979],{"class":583},[44,128022,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128024,140],{"class":139},[44,128026,127],{"class":58},[44,128028,126902],{"class":123},[44,128030,120],{"class":58},[44,128032,126907],{"class":123},[44,128034,6128],{"class":58},[44,128036,633],{"class":583},[44,128038,127292],{"class":587},[44,128040,633],{"class":583},[44,128042,66],{"class":58},[44,128044,643],{"class":583},[44,128046,127239],{"class":587},[44,128048,633],{"class":583},[44,128050,66],{"class":58},[44,128052,643],{"class":583},[44,128054,127309],{"class":587},[44,128056,633],{"class":583},[44,128058,2432],{"class":58},[20,128060,150],{},[35,128062,128063],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128064,128065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128066,128067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128068,4601],{"class":4471},[20,128070,128071],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128073,52705],{},[35,128075,128077],{"className":37,"code":128076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128078,128079,128092,128127,128131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128080,128081,128084,128086,128088,128090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128082,128083],{"class":50},"document ",[44,128085,55],{"class":54},[44,128087,643],{"class":583},[44,128089,87517],{"class":587},[44,128091,3979],{"class":583},[44,128093,128094,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128114,128116,128118,128120,128123,128125],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128095,128096],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,128098,55],{"class":54},[44,128100,9859],{"class":58},[44,128102,633],{"class":583},[44,128104,126937],{"class":587},[44,128106,633],{"class":583},[44,128108,66],{"class":58},[44,128110,643],{"class":583},[44,128112,128113],{"class":587},".md",[44,128115,633],{"class":583},[44,128117,66],{"class":58},[44,128119,643],{"class":583},[44,128121,128122],{"class":587},".docx",[44,128124,633],{"class":583},[44,128126,133],{"class":58},[44,128128,128129],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128130,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,128132,128133,128135,128137,128140,128142,128144,128146,128149],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,128134,140],{"class":139},[44,128136,127],{"class":58},[44,128138,128139],{"class":123},"document",[44,128141,120],{"class":58},[44,128143,126907],{"class":123},[44,128145,127],{"class":58},[44,128147,128148],{"class":123},"allowed",[44,128150,556],{"class":58},[20,128152,150],{},[35,128154,128155],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128156,128157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128158,128159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128160,4601],{"class":4471},[20,128162,128163,128164,120],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[176,128165,126801,128167,2544],{"href":128166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128168,128169],{},"startswith()",[30,128171,3454],{"id":3453},[20,128173,9069,128174,120],{},[15,128175,126859],{},[1044,128177,128179],{"id":128178},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128181,5144],{},[35,128183,128185],{"className":37,"code":128184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128186,128187,128199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128188,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128190,126884],{"class":50},[44,128192,55],{"class":54},[44,128194,643],{"class":583},[44,128196,127781],{"class":587},[44,128198,3979],{"class":583},[44,128200,128201],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128202,128203],{"class":1992},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128205,128206],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,128208,128210],{"className":37,"code":128209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128211,128212,128224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128213,128214,128216,128218,128220,128222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128215,126884],{"class":50},[44,128217,55],{"class":54},[44,128219,643],{"class":583},[44,128221,127781],{"class":587},[44,128223,3979],{"class":583},[44,128225,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128252],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128227,140],{"class":139},[44,128229,127],{"class":58},[44,128231,126902],{"class":123},[44,128233,120],{"class":58},[44,128235,126907],{"class":123},[44,128237,6128],{"class":58},[44,128239,633],{"class":583},[44,128241,127292],{"class":587},[44,128243,633],{"class":583},[44,128245,66],{"class":58},[44,128247,643],{"class":583},[44,128249,127239],{"class":587},[44,128251,633],{"class":583},[44,128253,2432],{"class":58},[1044,128255,128257],{"id":128256},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,128259,128261],{"className":37,"code":128260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128262,128263,128275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128266,126884],{"class":50},[44,128268,55],{"class":54},[44,128270,643],{"class":583},[44,128272,127869],{"class":587},[44,128274,3979],{"class":583},[44,128276,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293,128295],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128278,140],{"class":139},[44,128280,127],{"class":58},[44,128282,126902],{"class":123},[44,128284,120],{"class":58},[44,128286,126907],{"class":123},[44,128288,127],{"class":58},[44,128290,633],{"class":583},[44,128292,126914],{"class":587},[44,128294,633],{"class":583},[44,128296,556],{"class":58},[20,128298,150],{},[35,128300,128301],{"className":37,"code":4662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128302,128303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128304,128305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128306,4662],{"class":4471},[20,128308,39884],{},[35,128310,128311],{"className":37,"code":127945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128312,128313,128325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128314,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128316,126884],{"class":50},[44,128318,55],{"class":54},[44,128320,643],{"class":583},[44,128322,127869],{"class":587},[44,128324,3979],{"class":583},[44,128326,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128328,140],{"class":139},[44,128330,127],{"class":58},[44,128332,126902],{"class":123},[44,128334,120],{"class":58},[44,128336,9262],{"class":123},[44,128338,9259],{"class":58},[44,128340,126907],{"class":123},[44,128342,127],{"class":58},[44,128344,633],{"class":583},[44,128346,126914],{"class":587},[44,128348,633],{"class":583},[44,128350,556],{"class":58},[1044,128352,37826,128354,9326,128356],{"id":128353},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128355,126859],{},[15,128357,4503],{},[20,128359,128360,128362],{},[15,128361,126859],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,128364,128366],{"className":37,"code":128365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128367,128368,128381,128385,128407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128369,128370,128372,128374,128376,128379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128371,35307],{"class":50},[44,128373,55],{"class":54},[44,128375,643],{"class":583},[44,128377,128378],{"class":587},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,128380,3979],{"class":583},[44,128382,128383],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128384,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,128386,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128388,140],{"class":139},[44,128390,127],{"class":58},[44,128392,35328],{"class":123},[44,128394,120],{"class":58},[44,128396,126907],{"class":123},[44,128398,127],{"class":58},[44,128400,633],{"class":583},[44,128402,126914],{"class":587},[44,128404,633],{"class":583},[44,128406,556],{"class":58},[44,128408,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,128410,140],{"class":139},[44,128412,127],{"class":58},[44,128414,633],{"class":583},[44,128416,126914],{"class":587},[44,128418,633],{"class":583},[44,128420,21792],{"class":4496},[44,128422,43465],{"class":123},[44,128424,133],{"class":58},[20,128426,150],{},[35,128428,128429],{"className":37,"code":127925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128430,128431,128435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128432,128433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128434,4662],{"class":4471},[44,128436,128437],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128438,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,128440,9075,128442,128444],{"id":128441},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128443,126859],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128446,128447,128449],{},[15,128448,126859],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,128451,128453],{"className":37,"code":128452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128454,128455,128467,128489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128456,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128458,126884],{"class":50},[44,128460,55],{"class":54},[44,128462,643],{"class":583},[44,128464,126891],{"class":587},[44,128466,3979],{"class":583},[44,128468,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128470,140],{"class":139},[44,128472,127],{"class":58},[44,128474,126902],{"class":123},[44,128476,120],{"class":58},[44,128478,126907],{"class":123},[44,128480,127],{"class":58},[44,128482,633],{"class":583},[44,128484,126914],{"class":587},[44,128486,633],{"class":583},[44,128488,556],{"class":58},[44,128490,128491,128493,128495,128497],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128492,140],{"class":139},[44,128494,127],{"class":58},[44,128496,126902],{"class":123},[44,128498,133],{"class":58},[20,128500,150],{},[35,128502,128504],{"className":37,"code":128503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128505,128506,128510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128507,128508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128509,4601],{"class":4471},[44,128511,128512,128515,128517],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128513,128514],{"class":50},"report",[44,128516,120],{"class":58},[44,128518,128519],{"class":25368},"csv\n",[20,128521,128522,128523,120],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[176,128524,128525],{"href":124969},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128527,66687],{},[205,128529,128530,128533,128536,128539],{},[208,128531,128532],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[208,128534,128535],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[208,128537,128538],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[208,128540,863,128541,45253,128543,428,128545,111998],{},[15,128542,126859],{},[15,128544,124972],{},[15,128546,42276],{},[20,128548,30754],{},[35,128550,128552],{"className":37,"code":128551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128553,128554,128564,128578,128600,128626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128555,128556,128558,128560,128562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128557,140],{"class":139},[44,128559,127],{"class":58},[44,128561,35328],{"class":123},[44,128563,133],{"class":58},[44,128565,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128567,140],{"class":139},[44,128569,127],{"class":58},[44,128571,42402],{"class":139},[44,128573,127],{"class":58},[44,128575,35328],{"class":123},[44,128577,556],{"class":58},[44,128579,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128581,140],{"class":139},[44,128583,127],{"class":58},[44,128585,35328],{"class":123},[44,128587,120],{"class":58},[44,128589,126907],{"class":123},[44,128591,127],{"class":58},[44,128593,590],{"class":583},[44,128595,126914],{"class":587},[44,128597,590],{"class":583},[44,128599,556],{"class":58},[44,128601,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,128603,140],{"class":139},[44,128605,127],{"class":58},[44,128607,35328],{"class":123},[44,128609,120],{"class":58},[44,128611,9262],{"class":123},[44,128613,9259],{"class":58},[44,128615,126907],{"class":123},[44,128617,127],{"class":58},[44,128619,590],{"class":583},[44,128621,126914],{"class":587},[44,128623,590],{"class":583},[44,128625,556],{"class":58},[44,128627,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,128629,140],{"class":139},[44,128631,127],{"class":58},[44,128633,549],{"class":548},[44,128635,127],{"class":58},[44,128637,35328],{"class":123},[44,128639,556],{"class":58},[30,128641,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,128643,2482,128645,128647],{"id":128644},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128646,126859],{}," change the string?",[20,128649,128650,128651,428,128653,120],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128652,4226],{},[15,128654,4294],{},[1044,128656,5788,128658,128660],{"id":128657},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128659,126859],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128662,128663,128664,120],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128665,128666],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1044,128668,15521,128670,125137],{"id":128669},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128671,126859],{},[20,128673,128674,128675,428,128677,128680],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128676,124531],{},[15,128678,128679],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1044,128682,2492,128684,2495,128686,1447],{"id":128683},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128685,126859],{},[15,128687,124796],{},[20,128689,128690,128692,128693,128695],{},[15,128691,126859],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128694,124796],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,128697,2528],{"id":2527},[205,128699,128700,128706,128712,128716,128720],{},[208,128701,128702],{},[176,128703,126801,128704,2544],{"href":128166},[15,128705,128169],{},[208,128707,128708],{},[176,128709,126801,128710,2544],{"href":124528},[15,128711,124531],{},[208,128713,128714],{},[176,128715,125200],{"href":124056},[208,128717,128718],{},[176,128719,125207],{"href":124969},[208,128721,128722],{},[176,128723,125556],{"href":51600},[2554,128725,128726],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":128728},[128729,128730,128732,128733,128738,128739,128745,128746,128747,128755,128765],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":126967,"depth":85,"text":128731},"What endswith() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":127182,"depth":85,"text":127183,"children":128734},[128735,128736,128737],{"id":127096,"depth":109,"text":127096},{"id":36694,"depth":109,"text":36694},{"id":53286,"depth":109,"text":53286},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":127595,"depth":85,"text":127596,"children":128740},[128741,128742,128743,128744],{"id":127599,"depth":109,"text":127600},{"id":127653,"depth":109,"text":127654},{"id":127710,"depth":109,"text":127711},{"id":127764,"depth":109,"text":127765},{"id":124447,"depth":85,"text":124448},{"id":127998,"depth":85,"text":127999},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":128748},[128749,128750,128751,128753],{"id":128178,"depth":109,"text":128179},{"id":128256,"depth":109,"text":128257},{"id":128353,"depth":109,"text":128752},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128441,"depth":109,"text":128754},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":128756},[128757,128759,128761,128763],{"id":128644,"depth":109,"text":128758},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128657,"depth":109,"text":128760},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128669,"depth":109,"text":128762},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128683,"depth":109,"text":128764},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126851,"description":128766},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128773,"title":128774,"body":128775,"description":130443,"extension":2593,"meta":130444,"navigation":364,"path":130445,"seo":130446,"stem":130447,"__hash__":130448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128776,"toc":130416},[128777,128782,128787,128792,128797,128890,128900,128905,128910,128925,128927,129009,129017,129019,129021,129048,129050,129066,129073,129075,129183,129185,129190,129206,129208,129303,129311,129314,129320,129325,129330,129337,129476,129479,129492,129494,129498,129505,129575,129578,129627,129634,129641,129655,129660,129665,129711,129757,129773,129775,129780,129794,129797,129919,129924,129926,129931,129964,129967,130043,130045,130054,130068,130071,130155,130158,130269,130272,130300,130302,130309,130313,130319,130322,130328,130331,130338,130349,130355,130362,130364,130413],[10,128778,123801,128780,18],{"id":128779},"python-string-find-method",[15,128781,124796],{},[20,128783,123806,128784,128786],{},[15,128785,124796],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128788,128789,128790,120],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128791,66478],{},[20,128793,1296,128794,128796],{},[15,128795,124796],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,128798,128800],{"className":37,"code":128799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128801,128802,128814,128837,128850,128854,128877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128803,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128805,35307],{"class":50},[44,128807,55],{"class":54},[44,128809,643],{"class":583},[44,128811,61029],{"class":587},[44,128813,3979],{"class":583},[44,128815,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128817,65543],{"class":50},[44,128819,55],{"class":54},[44,128821,43465],{"class":50},[44,128823,120],{"class":58},[44,128825,128826],{"class":123},"find",[44,128828,127],{"class":58},[44,128830,633],{"class":583},[44,128832,61214],{"class":587},[44,128834,633],{"class":583},[44,128836,133],{"class":58},[44,128838,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128840,140],{"class":139},[44,128842,127],{"class":58},[44,128844,65570],{"class":123},[44,128846,4281],{"class":58},[44,128848,128849],{"class":1992},"   # 6\n",[44,128851,128852],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,128853,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,128855,128856,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,128857,128858],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128860,55],{"class":54},[44,128862,43465],{"class":50},[44,128864,120],{"class":58},[44,128866,128826],{"class":123},[44,128868,127],{"class":58},[44,128870,633],{"class":583},[44,128872,39],{"class":587},[44,128874,633],{"class":583},[44,128876,133],{"class":58},[44,128878,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,128880,140],{"class":139},[44,128882,127],{"class":58},[44,128884,27392],{"class":123},[44,128886,4281],{"class":58},[44,128888,128889],{"class":1992},"    # -1\n",[44204,128891,128892],{},[20,128893,1296,128894,128896,128897,128899],{},[15,128895,124796],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128898,66478],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128901,186,128903,189],{"id":128902},"what-find-does",[15,128904,124796],{},[20,128906,128907,128909],{},[15,128908,124796],{}," is a string method that:",[205,128911,128912,128915,128918,128923],{},[208,128913,128914],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[208,128916,128917],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[208,128919,12041,128920,128922],{},[15,128921,66478],{}," if no match is found",[208,128924,126987],{},[20,128926,295],{},[35,128928,128930],{"className":37,"code":128929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128931,128932,128944,128948,128972,128996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128935,35307],{"class":50},[44,128937,55],{"class":54},[44,128939,643],{"class":583},[44,128941,646],{"class":587},[44,128943,3979],{"class":583},[44,128945,128946],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,128947,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,128949,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,128951,140],{"class":139},[44,128953,127],{"class":58},[44,128955,35328],{"class":123},[44,128957,120],{"class":58},[44,128959,128826],{"class":123},[44,128961,127],{"class":58},[44,128963,633],{"class":583},[44,128965,123894],{"class":587},[44,128967,633],{"class":583},[44,128969,5979],{"class":58},[44,128971,58270],{"class":1992},[44,128973,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,128975,140],{"class":139},[44,128977,127],{"class":58},[44,128979,35328],{"class":123},[44,128981,120],{"class":58},[44,128983,128826],{"class":123},[44,128985,127],{"class":58},[44,128987,633],{"class":583},[44,128989,2801],{"class":587},[44,128991,633],{"class":583},[44,128993,5979],{"class":58},[44,128995,128889],{"class":1992},[44,128997,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,128999,140],{"class":139},[44,129001,127],{"class":58},[44,129003,35328],{"class":123},[44,129005,4281],{"class":58},[44,129007,129008],{"class":1992},"              # banana\n",[20,129010,21389,129011,129014,129015,120],{},[15,129012,129013],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129016,339],{},[30,129018,234],{"id":233},[20,129020,2787],{},[35,129022,129024],{"className":37,"code":129023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129025,129026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129027,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129029,61797],{"class":50},[44,129031,120],{"class":58},[44,129033,128826],{"class":123},[44,129035,127],{"class":58},[44,129037,3100],{"class":123},[44,129039,66],{"class":58},[44,129041,36673],{"class":123},[44,129043,66],{"class":58},[44,129045,65664],{"class":123},[44,129047,133],{"class":58},[1044,129049,18014],{"id":18013},[205,129051,129052,129056,129061],{},[208,129053,129054,123993],{},[15,129055,3100],{},[208,129057,129058,129060],{},[15,129059,36694],{},": optional starting position",[208,129062,129063,129065],{},[15,129064,53286],{},": optional ending position",[20,129067,129068,2495,129070,129072],{},[15,129069,36694],{},[15,129071,53286],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129074,127130],{},[35,129076,129078],{"className":37,"code":129077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129079,129080,129092,129096,129121,129150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129081,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129083,35307],{"class":50},[44,129085,55],{"class":54},[44,129087,643],{"class":583},[44,129089,61029],{"class":587},[44,129091,3979],{"class":583},[44,129093,129094],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129095,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129097,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129099,140],{"class":139},[44,129101,127],{"class":58},[44,129103,35328],{"class":123},[44,129105,120],{"class":58},[44,129107,128826],{"class":123},[44,129109,127],{"class":58},[44,129111,633],{"class":583},[44,129113,61096],{"class":587},[44,129115,633],{"class":583},[44,129117,5979],{"class":58},[44,129119,129120],{"class":1992},"        # 4\n",[44,129122,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,129124,140],{"class":139},[44,129126,127],{"class":58},[44,129128,35328],{"class":123},[44,129130,120],{"class":58},[44,129132,128826],{"class":123},[44,129134,127],{"class":58},[44,129136,633],{"class":583},[44,129138,61096],{"class":587},[44,129140,633],{"class":583},[44,129142,66],{"class":58},[44,129144,104],{"class":62},[44,129146,5979],{"class":58},[44,129148,129149],{"class":1992},"     # 7\n",[44,129151,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,129153,140],{"class":139},[44,129155,127],{"class":58},[44,129157,35328],{"class":123},[44,129159,120],{"class":58},[44,129161,128826],{"class":123},[44,129163,127],{"class":58},[44,129165,633],{"class":583},[44,129167,61096],{"class":587},[44,129169,633],{"class":583},[44,129171,66],{"class":58},[44,129173,104],{"class":62},[44,129175,66],{"class":58},[44,129177,960],{"class":62},[44,129179,5979],{"class":58},[44,129181,129182],{"class":1992},"  # -1\n",[30,129184,38642],{"id":38641},[20,129186,58169,129187,129189],{},[15,129188,124796],{}," is always an integer.",[205,129191,129192,129198,129201],{},[208,129193,129194,129195,129197],{},"A number ",[15,129196,2748],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[208,129199,129200],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[208,129202,129203,129205],{},[15,129204,66478],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129207,295],{},[35,129209,129211],{"className":37,"code":129210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129212,129213,129225,129229,129254,129279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129216,35307],{"class":50},[44,129218,55],{"class":54},[44,129220,643],{"class":583},[44,129222,39],{"class":587},[44,129224,3979],{"class":583},[44,129226,129227],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129228,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129230,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129248,129250,129252],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129232,140],{"class":139},[44,129234,127],{"class":58},[44,129236,35328],{"class":123},[44,129238,120],{"class":58},[44,129240,128826],{"class":123},[44,129242,127],{"class":58},[44,129244,633],{"class":583},[44,129246,129247],{"class":587},"py",[44,129249,633],{"class":583},[44,129251,5979],{"class":58},[44,129253,21386],{"class":1992},[44,129255,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129273,129275,129277],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,129257,140],{"class":139},[44,129259,127],{"class":58},[44,129261,35328],{"class":123},[44,129263,120],{"class":58},[44,129265,128826],{"class":123},[44,129267,127],{"class":58},[44,129269,633],{"class":583},[44,129271,129272],{"class":587},"th",[44,129274,633],{"class":583},[44,129276,5979],{"class":58},[44,129278,58270],{"class":1992},[44,129280,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,129282,140],{"class":139},[44,129284,127],{"class":58},[44,129286,35328],{"class":123},[44,129288,120],{"class":58},[44,129290,128826],{"class":123},[44,129292,127],{"class":58},[44,129294,633],{"class":583},[44,129296,22695],{"class":587},[44,129298,633],{"class":583},[44,129300,5979],{"class":58},[44,129302,128889],{"class":1992},[20,129304,90532,129305,9078,129307,428,129309,120],{},[15,129306,124796],{},[15,129308,4226],{},[15,129310,4294],{},[20,129312,129313],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,129315,863,129316,2495,129318],{"id":66030},[15,129317,36694],{},[15,129319,53286],{},[20,129321,1296,129322,129324],{},[15,129323,36694],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129326,1296,129327,129329],{},[15,129328,53286],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129331,192,129332,76086,129334,129336],{},[15,129333,53286],{},[197,129335,65693],{}," in the search.",[35,129338,129340],{"className":37,"code":129339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129341,129342,129355,129359,129383,129412,129444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129343,129344,129346,129348,129350,129353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129345,35307],{"class":50},[44,129347,55],{"class":54},[44,129349,643],{"class":583},[44,129351,129352],{"class":587},"one two three two",[44,129354,3979],{"class":583},[44,129356,129357],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129358,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129360,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129362,140],{"class":139},[44,129364,127],{"class":58},[44,129366,35328],{"class":123},[44,129368,120],{"class":58},[44,129370,128826],{"class":123},[44,129372,127],{"class":58},[44,129374,633],{"class":583},[44,129376,79895],{"class":587},[44,129378,633],{"class":583},[44,129380,5979],{"class":58},[44,129382,129120],{"class":1992},[44,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,129386,140],{"class":139},[44,129388,127],{"class":58},[44,129390,35328],{"class":123},[44,129392,120],{"class":58},[44,129394,128826],{"class":123},[44,129396,127],{"class":58},[44,129398,633],{"class":583},[44,129400,79895],{"class":587},[44,129402,633],{"class":583},[44,129404,66],{"class":58},[44,129406,104],{"class":62},[44,129408,5979],{"class":58},[44,129410,129411],{"class":1992},"     # 14\n",[44,129413,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434,129436,129438,129440,129442],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,129415,140],{"class":139},[44,129417,127],{"class":58},[44,129419,35328],{"class":123},[44,129421,120],{"class":58},[44,129423,128826],{"class":123},[44,129425,127],{"class":58},[44,129427,633],{"class":583},[44,129429,79895],{"class":587},[44,129431,633],{"class":583},[44,129433,66],{"class":58},[44,129435,4452],{"class":62},[44,129437,66],{"class":58},[44,129439,960],{"class":62},[44,129441,5979],{"class":58},[44,129443,51560],{"class":1992},[44,129445,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,129447,140],{"class":139},[44,129449,127],{"class":58},[44,129451,35328],{"class":123},[44,129453,120],{"class":58},[44,129455,128826],{"class":123},[44,129457,127],{"class":58},[44,129459,633],{"class":583},[44,129461,79895],{"class":587},[44,129463,633],{"class":583},[44,129465,66],{"class":58},[44,129467,4452],{"class":62},[44,129469,66],{"class":58},[44,129471,79],{"class":62},[44,129473,5979],{"class":58},[44,129475,129182],{"class":1992},[20,129477,129478],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129480,129481,129482,55695,129486,120],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[176,129483,129485],{"href":129484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[176,129487,129489,129491],{"href":129488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129490,61154],{}," string method",[30,129493,124448],{"id":124447},[20,129495,129496,124259],{},[15,129497,124796],{},[20,129499,127846,129500,2495,129502,129504],{},[15,129501,91040],{},[15,129503,65158],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,129506,129508],{"className":37,"code":129507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129509,129510,129523,129527,129551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129511,129512,129514,129516,129518,129521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129513,35307],{"class":50},[44,129515,55],{"class":54},[44,129517,643],{"class":583},[44,129519,129520],{"class":587},"Hello World",[44,129522,3979],{"class":583},[44,129524,129525],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129526,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129528,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129530,140],{"class":139},[44,129532,127],{"class":58},[44,129534,35328],{"class":123},[44,129536,120],{"class":58},[44,129538,128826],{"class":123},[44,129540,127],{"class":58},[44,129542,633],{"class":583},[44,129544,35487],{"class":587},[44,129546,633],{"class":583},[44,129548,5979],{"class":58},[44,129550,51872],{"class":1992},[44,129552,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,129554,140],{"class":139},[44,129556,127],{"class":58},[44,129558,35328],{"class":123},[44,129560,120],{"class":58},[44,129562,128826],{"class":123},[44,129564,127],{"class":58},[44,129566,633],{"class":583},[44,129568,4464],{"class":587},[44,129570,633],{"class":583},[44,129572,5979],{"class":58},[44,129574,129182],{"class":1992},[20,129576,129577],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,129579,129581],{"className":37,"code":129580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129582,129583,129595,129599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129584,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129586,35307],{"class":50},[44,129588,55],{"class":54},[44,129590,643],{"class":583},[44,129592,129520],{"class":587},[44,129594,3979],{"class":583},[44,129596,129597],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129598,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129600,129601,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129602,140],{"class":139},[44,129604,127],{"class":58},[44,129606,35328],{"class":123},[44,129608,120],{"class":58},[44,129610,9262],{"class":123},[44,129612,9259],{"class":58},[44,129614,128826],{"class":123},[44,129616,127],{"class":58},[44,129618,633],{"class":583},[44,129620,4464],{"class":587},[44,129622,633],{"class":583},[44,129624,5979],{"class":58},[44,129626,51872],{"class":1992},[30,129628,129630,1036,129632],{"id":129629},"find-vs-index",[15,129631,124796],{},[15,129633,59590],{},[20,129635,129636,2495,129638,129640],{},[15,129637,124796],{},[15,129639,59590],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[205,129642,129643,129649],{},[208,129644,129645,3025,129647],{},[15,129646,124796],{},[15,129648,66478],{},[208,129650,129651,53120,129653],{},[15,129652,59590],{},[15,129654,41327],{},[20,129656,1296,129657,129659],{},[15,129658,124796],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129661,1296,129662,129664],{},[15,129663,59590],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,129666,129668],{"className":37,"code":129667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129669,129670,129682,129686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129671,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129673,35307],{"class":50},[44,129675,55],{"class":54},[44,129677,643],{"class":583},[44,129679,4464],{"class":587},[44,129681,3979],{"class":583},[44,129683,129684],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129685,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129687,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129689,140],{"class":139},[44,129691,127],{"class":58},[44,129693,35328],{"class":123},[44,129695,120],{"class":58},[44,129697,128826],{"class":123},[44,129699,127],{"class":58},[44,129701,633],{"class":583},[44,129703,2801],{"class":587},[44,129705,633],{"class":583},[44,129707,5979],{"class":58},[44,129709,129710],{"class":1992},"   # -1\n",[35,129712,129714],{"className":37,"code":129713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129715,129716,129728,129732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129717,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129719,35307],{"class":50},[44,129721,55],{"class":54},[44,129723,643],{"class":583},[44,129725,4464],{"class":587},[44,129727,3979],{"class":583},[44,129729,129730],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129731,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129733,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129735,140],{"class":139},[44,129737,127],{"class":58},[44,129739,35328],{"class":123},[44,129741,120],{"class":58},[44,129743,36467],{"class":123},[44,129745,127],{"class":58},[44,129747,633],{"class":583},[44,129749,2801],{"class":587},[44,129751,633],{"class":583},[44,129753,5979],{"class":58},[44,129755,129756],{"class":1992},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129758,129759,129760,129764,129765,129767,129768,120],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[176,129761,129762,129491],{"href":124821},[15,129763,59590],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129766,59590],{},", read ",[176,129769,26298,129770],{"href":74106},[15,129771,129772],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,129774,41668],{"id":41667},[20,129776,36026,129777,129779],{},[15,129778,124796],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[205,129781,129782,129785,129788,129791],{},[208,129783,129784],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[208,129786,129787],{},"Get the position of a word",[208,129789,129790],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[208,129792,129793],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129795,129796],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,129798,129800],{"className":37,"code":129799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129801,129802,129815,129838,129842,129857,129873,129892,129906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129803,129804,129806,129808,129810,129813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129805,35307],{"class":50},[44,129807,55],{"class":54},[44,129809,643],{"class":583},[44,129811,129812],{"class":587},"name:Alice",[44,129814,3979],{"class":583},[44,129816,129817,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129818,129819],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129821,55],{"class":54},[44,129823,43465],{"class":50},[44,129825,120],{"class":58},[44,129827,128826],{"class":123},[44,129829,127],{"class":58},[44,129831,633],{"class":583},[44,129833,1598],{"class":587},[44,129835,633],{"class":583},[44,129837,133],{"class":58},[44,129839,129840],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129841,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129843,129844,129846,129849,129851,129853,129855],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,129845,7615],{"class":4496},[44,129847,129848],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129850,73216],{"class":54},[44,129852,2850],{"class":54},[44,129854,63],{"class":62},[44,129856,7011],{"class":58},[44,129858,129859,129862,129864,129866,129868,129871],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,129860,129861],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129863,55],{"class":54},[44,129865,43465],{"class":50},[44,129867,76159],{"class":58},[44,129869,129870],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129872,1967],{"class":58},[44,129874,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,129876,28020],{"class":50},[44,129878,55],{"class":54},[44,129880,43465],{"class":50},[44,129882,4521],{"class":58},[44,129884,129819],{"class":50},[44,129886,2689],{"class":54},[44,129888,2212],{"class":62},[44,129890,129891],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,129893,129894,129896,129898,129901,129903],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,129895,8690],{"class":139},[44,129897,127],{"class":58},[44,129899,129900],{"class":123},"label",[44,129902,4281],{"class":58},[44,129904,129905],{"class":1992},"  # name\n",[44,129907,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,129909,8690],{"class":139},[44,129911,127],{"class":58},[44,129913,3100],{"class":123},[44,129915,4281],{"class":58},[44,129917,129918],{"class":1992},"  # Alice\n",[20,129920,129921,129922,120],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[176,129923,127837],{"href":124056},[30,129925,3454],{"id":3453},[20,129927,129928,129929,1598],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129930,124796],{},[205,129932,129933,129942,129948,129953,129959],{},[208,129934,9075,129935,9078,129937,428,129939,129941],{},[15,129936,124796],{},[15,129938,4226],{},[15,129940,4294],{}," instead of an index",[208,129943,129944,129945,129947],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129946,66478],{}," when the substring is missing",[208,129949,863,129950,129952],{},[15,129951,124796],{}," without handling case differences",[208,129954,37826,129955,9326,129957],{},[15,129956,124796],{},[15,129958,59590],{},[208,129960,5198,129961,129963],{},[15,129962,124796],{}," changes the string",[20,129965,129966],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129968,129970],{"className":37,"code":129969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129971,129972,129984,129988,130008,130023,130029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129973,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129975,35307],{"class":50},[44,129977,55],{"class":54},[44,129979,643],{"class":583},[44,129981,4464],{"class":587},[44,129983,3979],{"class":583},[44,129985,129986],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,129987,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,129989,129990,129992,129994,129996,129998,130000,130002,130004,130006],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,129991,7615],{"class":4496},[44,129993,43465],{"class":50},[44,129995,120],{"class":58},[44,129997,128826],{"class":123},[44,129999,127],{"class":58},[44,130001,633],{"class":583},[44,130003,61061],{"class":587},[44,130005,633],{"class":583},[44,130007,8964],{"class":58},[44,130009,130010,130012,130014,130016,130019,130021],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130011,8690],{"class":139},[44,130013,127],{"class":58},[44,130015,633],{"class":583},[44,130017,130018],{"class":587},"Found",[44,130020,633],{"class":583},[44,130022,133],{"class":58},[44,130024,130025,130027],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130026,28053],{"class":4496},[44,130028,7011],{"class":58},[44,130030,130031,130033,130035,130037,130039,130041],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,130032,8690],{"class":139},[44,130034,127],{"class":58},[44,130036,633],{"class":583},[44,130038,26934],{"class":587},[44,130040,633],{"class":583},[44,130042,133],{"class":58},[20,130044,100529],{},[35,130046,130048],{"className":37,"code":130047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,130049,130050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130051,130052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130053,130047],{"class":50},[20,130055,46326,130056,130059,130060,17691,130062,130064,130065,130067],{},[15,130057,130058],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130061,2748],{},[15,130063,2748],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130066,7615],{}," statement.",[20,130069,130070],{},"A safer version is:",[35,130072,130074],{"className":37,"code":130073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130075,130076,130088,130092,130121,130135,130141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130077,130078,130080,130082,130084,130086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130079,35307],{"class":50},[44,130081,55],{"class":54},[44,130083,643],{"class":583},[44,130085,4464],{"class":587},[44,130087,3979],{"class":583},[44,130089,130090],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130091,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,130093,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108,130110,130112,130115,130117,130119],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,130095,7615],{"class":4496},[44,130097,43465],{"class":50},[44,130099,120],{"class":58},[44,130101,128826],{"class":123},[44,130103,127],{"class":58},[44,130105,633],{"class":583},[44,130107,61061],{"class":587},[44,130109,633],{"class":583},[44,130111,4281],{"class":58},[44,130113,130114],{"class":54}," !=",[44,130116,2850],{"class":54},[44,130118,63],{"class":62},[44,130120,7011],{"class":58},[44,130122,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130124,8690],{"class":139},[44,130126,127],{"class":58},[44,130128,633],{"class":583},[44,130130,130018],{"class":587},[44,130132,633],{"class":583},[44,130134,133],{"class":58},[44,130136,130137,130139],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130138,28053],{"class":4496},[44,130140,7011],{"class":58},[44,130142,130143,130145,130147,130149,130151,130153],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,130144,8690],{"class":139},[44,130146,127],{"class":58},[44,130148,633],{"class":583},[44,130150,26934],{"class":587},[44,130152,633],{"class":583},[44,130154,133],{"class":58},[20,130156,130157],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,130159,130161],{"className":37,"code":130160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130162,130163,130185,130199,130225,130239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130164,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130166,140],{"class":139},[44,130168,127],{"class":58},[44,130170,35328],{"class":123},[44,130172,120],{"class":58},[44,130174,128826],{"class":123},[44,130176,127],{"class":58},[44,130178,590],{"class":583},[44,130180,39013],{"class":587},[44,130182,590],{"class":583},[44,130184,556],{"class":58},[44,130186,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195,130197],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130188,140],{"class":139},[44,130190,127],{"class":58},[44,130192,42402],{"class":139},[44,130194,127],{"class":58},[44,130196,35328],{"class":123},[44,130198,556],{"class":58},[44,130200,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,130202,140],{"class":139},[44,130204,127],{"class":58},[44,130206,35328],{"class":123},[44,130208,120],{"class":58},[44,130210,9262],{"class":123},[44,130212,9259],{"class":58},[44,130214,128826],{"class":123},[44,130216,127],{"class":58},[44,130218,590],{"class":583},[44,130220,39013],{"class":587},[44,130222,590],{"class":583},[44,130224,556],{"class":58},[44,130226,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130228,140],{"class":139},[44,130230,127],{"class":58},[44,130232,2441],{"class":139},[44,130234,127],{"class":58},[44,130236,35328],{"class":123},[44,130238,556],{"class":58},[44,130240,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130242,140],{"class":139},[44,130244,127],{"class":58},[44,130246,35328],{"class":123},[44,130248,120],{"class":58},[44,130250,128826],{"class":123},[44,130252,127],{"class":58},[44,130254,590],{"class":583},[44,130256,39013],{"class":587},[44,130258,590],{"class":583},[44,130260,66],{"class":58},[44,130262,36673],{"class":123},[44,130264,66],{"class":58},[44,130266,65664],{"class":123},[44,130268,556],{"class":58},[20,130270,130271],{},"These help you check:",[205,130273,130274,130279,130284,130289,130292],{},[208,130275,130276,130277],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130278,124796],{},[208,130280,130281,130282],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130283,123015],{},[208,130285,130286,130287],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130288,124531],{},[208,130290,130291],{},"The string length",[208,130293,130294,130295,2495,130297,130299],{},"Whether your ",[15,130296,36694],{},[15,130298,53286],{}," values are correct",[30,130301,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,130303,130305,130306,130308],{"id":130304},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130307,124796],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130310,5766,130311,120],{},[15,130312,66478],{},[1044,130314,2482,130316,130318],{"id":130315},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130317,124796],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130320,130321],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1044,130323,130325,130326,125137],{"id":130324},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130327,124796],{},[20,130329,130330],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1044,130332,2492,130334,2495,130336,70279],{"id":130333},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130335,124796],{},[15,130337,59590],{},[20,130339,130340,3025,130342,130344,130345,53120,130347,120],{},[15,130341,124796],{},[15,130343,66478],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130346,59590],{},[15,130348,41327],{},[1044,130350,2509,130352,130354],{"id":130351},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130353,124796],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130356,130357,130358,2495,130360,66777],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130359,36694],{},[15,130361,53286],{},[30,130363,2528],{"id":2527},[205,130365,130366,130372,130378,130385,130391,130398,130402,130407],{},[208,130367,130368],{},[176,130369,126801,130370,2544],{"href":124821},[15,130371,59590],{},[208,130373,130374],{},[176,130375,126801,130376,2544],{"href":129488},[15,130377,61154],{},[208,130379,130380],{},[176,130381,126801,130383,2544],{"href":130382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130384,124972],{},[208,130386,130387],{},[176,130388,126801,130389,2544],{"href":128166},[15,130390,128169],{},[208,130392,130393],{},[176,130394,126801,130396,2544],{"href":130395},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130397,126859],{},[208,130399,130400],{},[176,130401,125200],{"href":124056},[208,130403,130404],{},[176,130405,130406],{"href":129484},"How to split a string in Python",[208,130408,130409],{},[176,130410,26741,130411],{"href":74106},[15,130412,129772],{},[2554,130414,130415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":130417},[130418,130420,130423,130424,130425,130426,130428,130429,130430,130442],{"id":128902,"depth":85,"text":130419},"What find() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":130421},[130422],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642},{"id":66030,"depth":85,"text":66813},{"id":124447,"depth":85,"text":124448},{"id":129629,"depth":85,"text":130427},"find() vs index()",{"id":41667,"depth":85,"text":41668},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":130431},[130432,130434,130436,130438,130440],{"id":130304,"depth":109,"text":130433},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130315,"depth":109,"text":130435},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130324,"depth":109,"text":130437},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130333,"depth":109,"text":130439},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130351,"depth":109,"text":130441},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128774,"description":130443},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130450,"title":130451,"body":130452,"description":132378,"extension":2593,"meta":132379,"navigation":364,"path":132380,"seo":132381,"stem":132382,"__hash__":132383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130453,"toc":132346},[130454,130459,130464,130467,130469,130545,130549,130577,130585,130589,130594,130598,130615,130617,130684,130688,130710,130718,130720,130723,130747,130750,130764,130766,130851,130855,130867,130870,130874,130880,130930,130934,130951,130960,130963,130971,130974,131023,131027,131052,131055,131110,131114,131126,131132,131136,131142,131147,131214,131218,131244,131247,131258,131260,131327,131331,131356,131363,131367,131372,131379,131387,131389,131441,131445,131463,131465,131510,131514,131529,131532,131542,131549,131551,131555,131558,131569,131571,131631,131635,131663,131666,131672,131677,131680,131684,131728,131731,131769,131772,131780,131782,131787,131791,131794,131842,131845,131848,131904,131908,131913,131916,131965,131967,132016,132022,132027,132029,132076,132080,132093,132095,132146,132152,132155,132159,132162,132168,132173,132175,132178,132250,132253,132270,132272,132277,132280,132284,132290,132296,132303,132309,132315,132317,132343],[10,130455,123801,130457,18],{"id":130456},"python-string-format-method",[15,130458,126804],{},[20,130460,123806,130461,130463],{},[15,130462,126804],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130465,130466],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,130468,2634],{"id":2633},[35,130470,130472],{"className":37,"code":130471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130473,130474,130486,130494,130498,130535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130475,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130477,8497],{"class":50},[44,130479,55],{"class":54},[44,130481,643],{"class":583},[44,130483,12125],{"class":587},[44,130485,3979],{"class":583},[44,130487,130488,130490,130492],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130489,22246],{"class":50},[44,130491,55],{"class":54},[44,130493,89421],{"class":62},[44,130495,130496],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,130497,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,130499,130500,130502,130504,130506,130509,130511,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130525,130527,130529,130531,130533],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130501,90629],{"class":50},[44,130503,55],{"class":54},[44,130505,643],{"class":583},[44,130507,130508],{"class":587},"My name is ",[44,130510,603],{"class":62},[44,130512,130513],{"class":587}," and I am ",[44,130515,603],{"class":62},[44,130517,122797],{"class":587},[44,130519,633],{"class":583},[44,130521,120],{"class":58},[44,130523,130524],{"class":123},"format",[44,130526,127],{"class":58},[44,130528,8287],{"class":123},[44,130530,66],{"class":58},[44,130532,9811],{"class":123},[44,130534,133],{"class":58},[44,130536,130537,130539,130541,130543],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130538,140],{"class":139},[44,130540,127],{"class":58},[44,130542,90646],{"class":123},[44,130544,133],{"class":58},[20,130546,130547],{},[197,130548,150],{},[35,130550,130552],{"className":37,"code":130551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130553,130554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130555,130556,130559,130561,130564,130567,130570,130573,130575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130557,130558],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,130560,12810],{"class":54},[44,130562,130563],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,130565,130566],{"class":54},"and",[44,130568,130569],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,130571,130572],{"class":62},"12",[44,130574,122830],{"class":50},[44,130576,122833],{"class":58},[20,130578,1296,130579,130581,130582,130584],{},[15,130580,603],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130583,126804],{}," in the same order.",[20,130586,125553,130587,120],{},[176,130588,125556],{"href":51600},[30,130590,13613,130592,13616],{"id":130591},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130593,126804],{},[20,130595,192,130596,12030],{},[15,130597,126804],{},[205,130599,130600,130603,130609,130612],{},[208,130601,130602],{},"inserts values into a string",[208,130604,130605,130606,130608],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130607,603],{}," with given values",[208,130610,130611],{},"returns a new string",[208,130613,130614],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130616,295],{},[35,130618,130620],{"className":37,"code":130619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130621,130622,130636,130659,130663,130674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130623,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130625,35307],{"class":50},[44,130627,55],{"class":54},[44,130629,643],{"class":583},[44,130631,45525],{"class":587},[44,130633,603],{"class":62},[44,130635,3979],{"class":583},[44,130637,130638,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130639,130640],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,130642,55],{"class":54},[44,130644,43465],{"class":50},[44,130646,120],{"class":58},[44,130648,130524],{"class":123},[44,130650,127],{"class":58},[44,130652,633],{"class":583},[44,130654,8296],{"class":587},[44,130656,633],{"class":583},[44,130658,133],{"class":58},[44,130660,130661],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,130662,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,130664,130665,130667,130669,130672],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130666,140],{"class":139},[44,130668,127],{"class":58},[44,130670,130671],{"class":123},"new_text",[44,130673,133],{"class":58},[44,130675,130676,130678,130680,130682],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130677,140],{"class":139},[44,130679,127],{"class":58},[44,130681,35328],{"class":123},[44,130683,133],{"class":58},[20,130685,130686],{},[197,130687,150],{},[35,130689,130691],{"className":37,"code":130690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130692,130693,130702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130694,130695,130697,130699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130696,35487],{"class":50},[44,130698,66],{"class":58},[44,130700,130701],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,130703,130704,130706,130708],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130705,35487],{"class":50},[44,130707,66],{"class":58},[44,130709,10458],{"class":58},[20,130711,2913,130712,130714,130715,130717],{},[15,130713,35328],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130716,126804],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,130719,234],{"id":233},[20,130721,130722],{},"The general form is:",[35,130724,130726],{"className":37,"code":130725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130727,130728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130729,130730,130732,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130731,633],{"class":43952},[44,130733,130734],{"class":43956},"text {}",[44,130736,633],{"class":43952},[44,130738,120],{"class":58},[44,130740,130524],{"class":123},[44,130742,127],{"class":58},[44,130744,3100],{"class":123},[44,130746,133],{"class":58},[20,130748,130749],{},"Key idea:",[205,130751,130752,130758,130761],{},[208,130753,130754,130755,130757],{},"each ",[15,130756,603],{}," is a placeholder",[208,130759,130760],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[208,130762,130763],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130765,295],{},[35,130767,130769],{"className":37,"code":130768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130770,130771,130784,130798,130802,130840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130772,130773,130776,130778,130780,130782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130774,130775],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,130777,55],{"class":54},[44,130779,643],{"class":583},[44,130781,2122],{"class":587},[44,130783,3979],{"class":583},[44,130785,130786,130789,130791,130793,130796],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,130787,130788],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,130790,55],{"class":54},[44,130792,643],{"class":583},[44,130794,130795],{"class":587},"meow",[44,130797,3979],{"class":583},[44,130799,130800],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,130801,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,130803,130804,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130833,130835,130838],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,130805,130806],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,130808,55],{"class":54},[44,130810,643],{"class":583},[44,130812,192],{"class":587},[44,130814,603],{"class":62},[44,130816,130817],{"class":587}," says ",[44,130819,603],{"class":62},[44,130821,120],{"class":587},[44,130823,633],{"class":583},[44,130825,120],{"class":58},[44,130827,130524],{"class":123},[44,130829,127],{"class":58},[44,130831,130832],{"class":123},"animal",[44,130834,66],{"class":58},[44,130836,130837],{"class":123}," sound",[44,130839,133],{"class":58},[44,130841,130842,130844,130846,130849],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,130843,140],{"class":139},[44,130845,127],{"class":58},[44,130847,130848],{"class":123},"sentence",[44,130850,133],{"class":58},[20,130852,130853],{},[197,130854,150],{},[35,130856,130858],{"className":37,"code":130857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130859,130860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130861,130862,130865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130863,130864],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130866,122833],{"class":58},[20,130868,130869],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130871,130873],{"id":130872},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130875,130876,130877,130879],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130878,603],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130881,130883],{"className":37,"code":130882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130884,130885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130886,130887,130889,130891,130893,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130917,130919,130921,130923,130926,130928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130888,140],{"class":139},[44,130890,127],{"class":58},[44,130892,633],{"class":583},[44,130894,130895],{"class":587},"I like ",[44,130897,603],{"class":62},[44,130899,2495],{"class":587},[44,130901,603],{"class":62},[44,130903,120],{"class":587},[44,130905,633],{"class":583},[44,130907,120],{"class":58},[44,130909,130524],{"class":123},[44,130911,127],{"class":58},[44,130913,633],{"class":583},[44,130915,130916],{"class":587},"pizza",[44,130918,633],{"class":583},[44,130920,66],{"class":58},[44,130922,643],{"class":583},[44,130924,130925],{"class":587},"pasta",[44,130927,633],{"class":583},[44,130929,556],{"class":58},[20,130931,130932],{},[197,130933,150],{},[35,130935,130937],{"className":37,"code":130936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130938,130939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130940,130941,130944,130946,130949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130942,130943],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130945,130566],{"class":54},[44,130947,130948],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130950,122833],{"class":58},[20,130952,130953,130954,2495,130957,120],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130955,130956],{},"{0}",[15,130958,130959],{},"{1}",[20,130961,130962],{},"This is helpful when:",[205,130964,130965,130968],{},[208,130966,130967],{},"you want to reuse a value",[208,130969,130970],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130972,130973],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130975,130977],{"className":37,"code":130976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130978,130979,131013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130980,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989,130992,130994,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130982,35307],{"class":50},[44,130984,55],{"class":54},[44,130986,643],{"class":583},[44,130988,130956],{"class":62},[44,130990,130991],{"class":587}," is learning Python. ",[44,130993,130956],{"class":62},[44,130995,130996],{"class":587}," likes coding.",[44,130998,633],{"class":583},[44,131000,120],{"class":58},[44,131002,130524],{"class":123},[44,131004,127],{"class":58},[44,131006,633],{"class":583},[44,131008,20500],{"class":587},[44,131010,633],{"class":583},[44,131012,133],{"class":58},[44,131014,131015,131017,131019,131021],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131016,140],{"class":139},[44,131018,127],{"class":58},[44,131020,35328],{"class":123},[44,131022,133],{"class":58},[20,131024,131025],{},[197,131026,150],{},[35,131028,131030],{"className":37,"code":131029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131031,131032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131033,131034,131037,131039,131042,131044,131047,131050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131035,131036],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,131038,12810],{"class":54},[44,131040,131041],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,131043,120],{"class":58},[44,131045,131046],{"class":25368}," Lina",[44,131048,131049],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,131051,122833],{"class":58},[20,131053,131054],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,131056,131058],{"className":37,"code":131057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131059,131060,131100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131061,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131063,35307],{"class":50},[44,131065,55],{"class":54},[44,131067,643],{"class":583},[44,131069,130959],{"class":62},[44,131071,83948],{"class":587},[44,131073,130956],{"class":62},[44,131075,120],{"class":587},[44,131077,633],{"class":583},[44,131079,120],{"class":58},[44,131081,130524],{"class":123},[44,131083,127],{"class":58},[44,131085,633],{"class":583},[44,131087,7202],{"class":587},[44,131089,633],{"class":583},[44,131091,66],{"class":58},[44,131093,643],{"class":583},[44,131095,79895],{"class":587},[44,131097,633],{"class":583},[44,131099,133],{"class":58},[44,131101,131102,131104,131106,131108],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131103,140],{"class":139},[44,131105,127],{"class":58},[44,131107,35328],{"class":123},[44,131109,133],{"class":58},[20,131111,131112],{},[197,131113,150],{},[35,131115,131117],{"className":37,"code":131116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131118,131119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131120,131121,131124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131122,131123],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,131125,122833],{"class":58},[20,131127,131128,131129,131131],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131130,603],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,131133,131135],{"id":131134},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131137,131138,131139,120],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131140,131141],{},"{name}",[20,131143,131144,131145,1598],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131146,126804],{},[35,131148,131150],{"className":37,"code":131149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131151,131152,131204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131153,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131167,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131155,35307],{"class":50},[44,131157,55],{"class":54},[44,131159,643],{"class":583},[44,131161,130508],{"class":587},[44,131163,131141],{"class":62},[44,131165,131166],{"class":587}," and I live in ",[44,131168,131169],{"class":62},"{city}",[44,131171,120],{"class":587},[44,131173,633],{"class":583},[44,131175,120],{"class":58},[44,131177,130524],{"class":123},[44,131179,127],{"class":58},[44,131181,8287],{"class":9798},[44,131183,55],{"class":54},[44,131185,633],{"class":583},[44,131187,13497],{"class":587},[44,131189,633],{"class":583},[44,131191,66],{"class":58},[44,131193,32004],{"class":9798},[44,131195,55],{"class":54},[44,131197,633],{"class":583},[44,131199,16649],{"class":587},[44,131201,633],{"class":583},[44,131203,133],{"class":58},[44,131205,131206,131208,131210,131212],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131207,140],{"class":139},[44,131209,127],{"class":58},[44,131211,35328],{"class":123},[44,131213,133],{"class":58},[20,131215,131216],{},[197,131217,150],{},[35,131219,131221],{"className":37,"code":131220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131222,131223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131224,131225,131227,131229,131232,131234,131237,131239,131242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131226,130558],{"class":50},[44,131228,12810],{"class":54},[44,131230,131231],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,131233,130566],{"class":54},[44,131235,131236],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,131238,4503],{"class":54},[44,131240,131241],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,131243,122833],{"class":58},[20,131245,131246],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[205,131248,131249,131252,131255],{},[208,131250,131251],{},"they make code easier to read",[208,131253,131254],{},"they help when a string has many values",[208,131256,131257],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131259,295],{},[35,131261,131263],{"className":37,"code":131262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131264,131265,131317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131266,131267,131270,131272,131274,131277,131280,131283,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131303,131305,131307,131310,131312,131315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131268,131269],{"class":50},"report ",[44,131271,55],{"class":54},[44,131273,643],{"class":583},[44,131275,131276],{"class":587},"Student: ",[44,131278,131279],{"class":62},"{student}",[44,131281,131282],{"class":587},", Score: ",[44,131284,131285],{"class":62},"{score}",[44,131287,633],{"class":583},[44,131289,120],{"class":58},[44,131291,130524],{"class":123},[44,131293,127],{"class":58},[44,131295,14243],{"class":9798},[44,131297,55],{"class":54},[44,131299,633],{"class":583},[44,131301,131302],{"class":587},"Noah",[44,131304,633],{"class":583},[44,131306,66],{"class":58},[44,131308,131309],{"class":9798}," score",[44,131311,55],{"class":54},[44,131313,131314],{"class":62},"95",[44,131316,133],{"class":58},[44,131318,131319,131321,131323,131325],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131320,140],{"class":139},[44,131322,127],{"class":58},[44,131324,128514],{"class":123},[44,131326,133],{"class":58},[20,131328,131329],{},[197,131330,150],{},[35,131332,131334],{"className":37,"code":131333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131335,131336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131337,131338,131341,131343,131346,131348,131351,131353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131339,131340],{"class":50},"Student",[44,131342,1598],{"class":58},[44,131344,131345],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,131347,66],{"class":58},[44,131349,131350],{"class":50}," Score",[44,131352,1598],{"class":58},[44,131354,131355],{"class":62}," 95\n",[20,131357,131358,131359,120],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[176,131360,4197,131361,4130],{"href":42798},[15,131362,48307],{},[30,131364,131366],{"id":131365},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131368,131369,131371],{},[15,131370,126804],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131373,131374,131375,131378],{},"A common example is ",[15,131376,131377],{},":.2f",", which means:",[205,131380,131381,131384],{},[208,131382,131383],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[208,131385,131386],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131388,295],{},[35,131390,131392],{"className":37,"code":131391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131393,131394,131402,131431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131395,131396,131398,131400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131397,41010],{"class":50},[44,131399,55],{"class":54},[44,131401,49900],{"class":62},[44,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131405,35307],{"class":50},[44,131407,55],{"class":54},[44,131409,643],{"class":583},[44,131411,131412],{"class":587},"Price: $",[44,131414,160],{"class":62},[44,131416,131377],{"class":579},[44,131418,22921],{"class":62},[44,131420,633],{"class":583},[44,131422,120],{"class":58},[44,131424,130524],{"class":123},[44,131426,127],{"class":58},[44,131428,25768],{"class":123},[44,131430,133],{"class":58},[44,131432,131433,131435,131437,131439],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,131434,140],{"class":139},[44,131436,127],{"class":58},[44,131438,35328],{"class":123},[44,131440,133],{"class":58},[20,131442,131443],{},[197,131444,150],{},[35,131446,131448],{"className":37,"code":131447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131449,131450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131451,131452,131455,131457,131460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131453,131454],{"class":50},"Price",[44,131456,1598],{"class":58},[44,131458,131459],{"class":37989}," $",[44,131461,131462],{"class":62},"3.50\n",[20,131464,52705],{},[35,131466,131468],{"className":37,"code":131467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131469,131470,131480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131471,131472,131475,131477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131473,131474],{"class":50},"average ",[44,131476,55],{"class":54},[44,131478,131479],{"class":62}," 91.236\n",[44,131481,131482,131484,131486,131488,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131508],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131483,140],{"class":139},[44,131485,127],{"class":58},[44,131487,633],{"class":583},[44,131489,131490],{"class":587},"Average: ",[44,131492,160],{"class":62},[44,131494,131377],{"class":579},[44,131496,22921],{"class":62},[44,131498,633],{"class":583},[44,131500,120],{"class":58},[44,131502,130524],{"class":123},[44,131504,127],{"class":58},[44,131506,131507],{"class":123},"average",[44,131509,556],{"class":58},[20,131511,131512],{},[197,131513,150],{},[35,131515,131517],{"className":37,"code":131516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131518,131519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131520,131521,131524,131526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131522,131523],{"class":50},"Average",[44,131525,1598],{"class":58},[44,131527,131528],{"class":62}," 91.24\n",[20,131530,131531],{},"This is useful for:",[205,131533,131534,131536,131539],{},[208,131535,83707],{},[208,131537,131538],{},"averages",[208,131540,131541],{},"percentages",[20,131543,131544,131545,120],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[176,131546,4197,131547,2930],{"href":47072},[15,131548,47075],{},[30,131550,437],{"id":436},[20,131552,131553,93143],{},[15,131554,126804],{},[20,131556,131557],{},"That means you can:",[205,131559,131560,131563,131566],{},[208,131561,131562],{},"save it in a variable",[208,131564,131565],{},"print it directly",[208,131567,131568],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131570,295],{},[35,131572,131574],{"className":37,"code":131573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131575,131576,131607,131617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131577,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131603,131605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131579,90629],{"class":50},[44,131581,55],{"class":54},[44,131583,643],{"class":583},[44,131585,45525],{"class":587},[44,131587,603],{"class":62},[44,131589,90470],{"class":587},[44,131591,633],{"class":583},[44,131593,120],{"class":58},[44,131595,130524],{"class":123},[44,131597,127],{"class":58},[44,131599,633],{"class":583},[44,131601,131602],{"class":587},"Chris",[44,131604,633],{"class":583},[44,131606,133],{"class":58},[44,131608,131609,131611,131613,131615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131610,140],{"class":139},[44,131612,127],{"class":58},[44,131614,90646],{"class":123},[44,131616,133],{"class":58},[44,131618,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,131620,140],{"class":139},[44,131622,127],{"class":58},[44,131624,549],{"class":548},[44,131626,127],{"class":58},[44,131628,90646],{"class":123},[44,131630,556],{"class":58},[20,131632,131633],{},[197,131634,150],{},[35,131636,131638],{"className":37,"code":131637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131639,131640,131649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131641,131642,131644,131646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131643,35487],{"class":50},[44,131645,66],{"class":58},[44,131647,131648],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131652,576],{"class":54},[44,131654,580],{"class":579},[44,131656,584],{"class":583},[44,131658,4064],{"class":587},[44,131660,590],{"class":583},[44,131662,593],{"class":54},[20,131664,131665],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,131667,131669,131671],{"id":131668},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131670,126804],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131673,131674,131676],{},[15,131675,126804],{}," is a string method.",[20,131678,131679],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131681,46663,131682,1598],{},[15,131683,126804],{},[35,131685,131687],{"className":37,"code":131686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131688,131689,131702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131690,131691,131693,131695,131697,131700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131692,8497],{"class":50},[44,131694,55],{"class":54},[44,131696,643],{"class":583},[44,131698,131699],{"class":587},"Rita",[44,131701,3979],{"class":583},[44,131703,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131705,140],{"class":139},[44,131707,127],{"class":58},[44,131709,633],{"class":583},[44,131711,45525],{"class":587},[44,131713,603],{"class":62},[44,131715,90470],{"class":587},[44,131717,633],{"class":583},[44,131719,120],{"class":58},[44,131721,130524],{"class":123},[44,131723,127],{"class":58},[44,131725,8287],{"class":123},[44,131727,556],{"class":58},[20,131729,131730],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,131732,131734],{"className":37,"code":131733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131735,131736,131748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131737,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131739,8497],{"class":50},[44,131741,55],{"class":54},[44,131743,643],{"class":583},[44,131745,131699],{"class":587},[44,131747,3979],{"class":583},[44,131749,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131767],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131751,140],{"class":139},[44,131753,127],{"class":58},[44,131755,22912],{"class":579},[44,131757,43970],{"class":587},[44,131759,160],{"class":62},[44,131761,8287],{"class":123},[44,131763,22921],{"class":62},[44,131765,131766],{"class":587},"!\"",[44,131768,133],{"class":58},[20,131770,131771],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131773,131774,131775,131777,131778,120],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131776,126804],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[176,131779,90315],{"href":90314},[30,131781,3454],{"id":3453},[20,131783,131784,131785,120],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131786,126804],{},[1044,131788,131790],{"id":131789},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131792,131793],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,131795,131797],{"className":37,"code":131796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131798,131799,131832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131800,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131802,35307],{"class":50},[44,131804,55],{"class":54},[44,131806,643],{"class":583},[44,131808,45525],{"class":587},[44,131810,603],{"class":62},[44,131812,131813],{"class":62}," {}",[44,131815,90470],{"class":587},[44,131817,633],{"class":583},[44,131819,120],{"class":58},[44,131821,130524],{"class":123},[44,131823,127],{"class":58},[44,131825,633],{"class":583},[44,131827,8296],{"class":587},[44,131829,633],{"class":583},[44,131831,133],{"class":58},[44,131833,131834,131836,131838,131840],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131835,140],{"class":139},[44,131837,127],{"class":58},[44,131839,35328],{"class":123},[44,131841,133],{"class":58},[20,131843,131844],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131846,131847],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131849,131851],{"className":37,"code":131850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131852,131853,131894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131854,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131890,131892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131856,35307],{"class":50},[44,131858,55],{"class":54},[44,131860,643],{"class":583},[44,131862,45525],{"class":587},[44,131864,603],{"class":62},[44,131866,131813],{"class":62},[44,131868,90470],{"class":587},[44,131870,633],{"class":583},[44,131872,120],{"class":58},[44,131874,130524],{"class":123},[44,131876,127],{"class":58},[44,131878,633],{"class":583},[44,131880,8296],{"class":587},[44,131882,633],{"class":583},[44,131884,66],{"class":58},[44,131886,643],{"class":583},[44,131888,131889],{"class":587},"Lee",[44,131891,633],{"class":583},[44,131893,133],{"class":58},[44,131895,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131897,140],{"class":139},[44,131899,127],{"class":58},[44,131901,35328],{"class":123},[44,131903,133],{"class":58},[1044,131905,131907],{"id":131906},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131909,131910,131911,120],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131912,126804],{},[20,131914,131915],{},"Problem:",[35,131917,131919],{"className":37,"code":131918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131920,131921,131955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131922,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131924,35307],{"class":50},[44,131926,55],{"class":54},[44,131928,643],{"class":583},[44,131930,45525],{"class":587},[44,131932,131141],{"class":62},[44,131934,90470],{"class":587},[44,131936,633],{"class":583},[44,131938,120],{"class":58},[44,131940,130524],{"class":123},[44,131942,127],{"class":58},[44,131944,8606],{"class":9798},[44,131946,55],{"class":54},[44,131948,633],{"class":583},[44,131950,8296],{"class":587},[44,131952,633],{"class":583},[44,131954,133],{"class":58},[44,131956,131957,131959,131961,131963],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,131958,140],{"class":139},[44,131960,127],{"class":58},[44,131962,35328],{"class":123},[44,131964,133],{"class":58},[20,131966,131847],{},[35,131968,131970],{"className":37,"code":131969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131971,131972,132006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131973,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131975,35307],{"class":50},[44,131977,55],{"class":54},[44,131979,643],{"class":583},[44,131981,45525],{"class":587},[44,131983,131141],{"class":62},[44,131985,90470],{"class":587},[44,131987,633],{"class":583},[44,131989,120],{"class":58},[44,131991,130524],{"class":123},[44,131993,127],{"class":58},[44,131995,8287],{"class":9798},[44,131997,55],{"class":54},[44,131999,633],{"class":583},[44,132001,8296],{"class":587},[44,132003,633],{"class":583},[44,132005,133],{"class":58},[44,132007,132008,132010,132012,132014],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132009,140],{"class":139},[44,132011,127],{"class":58},[44,132013,35328],{"class":123},[44,132015,133],{"class":58},[1044,132017,9075,132019,132021],{"id":132018},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132020,126804],{}," to change the original string",[20,132023,132024,132026],{},[15,132025,126804],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132028,131915],{},[35,132030,132032],{"className":37,"code":132031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132033,132034,132048,132066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132035,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132037,35307],{"class":50},[44,132039,55],{"class":54},[44,132041,643],{"class":583},[44,132043,45525],{"class":587},[44,132045,603],{"class":62},[44,132047,3979],{"class":583},[44,132049,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132051,35328],{"class":50},[44,132053,120],{"class":58},[44,132055,130524],{"class":123},[44,132057,127],{"class":58},[44,132059,633],{"class":583},[44,132061,8296],{"class":587},[44,132063,633],{"class":583},[44,132065,133],{"class":58},[44,132067,132068,132070,132072,132074],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132069,140],{"class":139},[44,132071,127],{"class":58},[44,132073,35328],{"class":123},[44,132075,133],{"class":58},[20,132077,132078],{},[197,132079,150],{},[35,132081,132083],{"className":37,"code":132082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132084,132085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132086,132087,132089,132091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132088,35487],{"class":50},[44,132090,66],{"class":58},[44,132092,10458],{"class":58},[20,132094,131847],{},[35,132096,132098],{"className":37,"code":132097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132099,132100,132114,132136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132101,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132103,35307],{"class":50},[44,132105,55],{"class":54},[44,132107,643],{"class":583},[44,132109,45525],{"class":587},[44,132111,603],{"class":62},[44,132113,3979],{"class":583},[44,132115,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132117,35307],{"class":50},[44,132119,55],{"class":54},[44,132121,43465],{"class":50},[44,132123,120],{"class":58},[44,132125,130524],{"class":123},[44,132127,127],{"class":58},[44,132129,633],{"class":583},[44,132131,8296],{"class":587},[44,132133,633],{"class":583},[44,132135,133],{"class":58},[44,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132139,140],{"class":139},[44,132141,127],{"class":58},[44,132143,35328],{"class":123},[44,132145,133],{"class":58},[1044,132147,5321,132149,132151],{"id":132148},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132150,126804],{}," returns a new string",[20,132153,132154],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1044,132156,132158],{"id":132157},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132160,132161],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132163,132164,132165,132167],{},"Use simple ",[15,132166,603],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132169,132170,132171,120],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[176,132172,91028],{"href":91027},[30,132174,68519],{"id":68518},[20,132176,132177],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,132179,132181],{"className":37,"code":132180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132182,132183,132193,132207,132236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132184,132185,132187,132189,132191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132186,140],{"class":139},[44,132188,127],{"class":58},[44,132190,35328],{"class":123},[44,132192,133],{"class":58},[44,132194,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132196,140],{"class":139},[44,132198,127],{"class":58},[44,132200,549],{"class":548},[44,132202,127],{"class":58},[44,132204,3100],{"class":123},[44,132206,556],{"class":58},[44,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132210,140],{"class":139},[44,132212,127],{"class":58},[44,132214,633],{"class":583},[44,132216,132217],{"class":587},"Hello ",[44,132219,603],{"class":62},[44,132221,633],{"class":583},[44,132223,120],{"class":58},[44,132225,130524],{"class":123},[44,132227,127],{"class":58},[44,132229,633],{"class":583},[44,132231,8296],{"class":587},[44,132233,633],{"class":583},[44,132235,556],{"class":58},[44,132237,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,132239,32772],{"class":139},[44,132241,127],{"class":58},[44,132243,4064],{"class":548},[44,132245,120],{"class":58},[44,132247,130524],{"class":25368},[44,132249,133],{"class":58},[20,132251,132252],{},"Use them to check:",[205,132254,132255,132258,132261,132264],{},[208,132256,132257],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[208,132259,132260],{},"what type your value has",[208,132262,132263],{},"whether a small test example works",[208,132265,132266,132267],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132268,132269],{},"str.format",[30,132271,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,132273,130305,132275,13332],{"id":132274},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132276,126804],{},[20,132278,132279],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1044,132281,132283],{"id":132282},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132285,132286,132287,132289],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132288,603],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1044,132291,132293,132294,1447],{"id":132292},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132295,126804],{},[20,132297,132298,132299,132302],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132300,132301],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1044,132304,15521,132306,132308],{"id":132305},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132307,126804],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132310,132311,132312,132314],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132313,126804],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,132316,2528],{"id":2527},[205,132318,132319,132323,132327,132333,132339],{},[208,132320,132321],{},[176,132322,125556],{"href":51600},[208,132324,132325],{},[176,132326,91305],{"href":90314},[208,132328,132329],{},[176,132330,4197,132331,4130],{"href":47072},[15,132332,47075],{},[208,132334,132335],{},[176,132336,4197,132337,4130],{"href":42798},[15,132338,48307],{},[208,132340,132341],{},[176,132342,91028],{"href":91027},[2554,132344,132345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":132347},[132348,132349,132351,132352,132353,132354,132355,132356,132358,132367,132368,132377],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":130591,"depth":85,"text":132350},"What the format() method does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":130872,"depth":85,"text":130873},{"id":131134,"depth":85,"text":131135},{"id":131365,"depth":85,"text":131366},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":131668,"depth":85,"text":132357},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":132359},[132360,132361,132362,132364,132366],{"id":131789,"depth":109,"text":131790},{"id":131906,"depth":109,"text":131907},{"id":132018,"depth":109,"text":132363},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132148,"depth":109,"text":132365},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132157,"depth":109,"text":132158},{"id":68518,"depth":85,"text":68519},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":132369},[132370,132372,132373,132375],{"id":132274,"depth":109,"text":132371},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132282,"depth":109,"text":132283},{"id":132292,"depth":109,"text":132374},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132305,"depth":109,"text":132376},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130451,"description":132378},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132385,"title":132386,"body":132387,"description":133867,"extension":2593,"meta":133868,"navigation":364,"path":133869,"seo":133870,"stem":133871,"__hash__":133872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132388,"toc":133839},[132389,132394,132399,132404,132406,132468,132475,132481,132486,132488,132504,132506,132577,132579,132593,132596,132646,132648,132650,132677,132680,132695,132698,132739,132742,132787,132794,132843,132845,132853,132855,132873,132875,132968,132976,133017,133022,133029,133035,133042,133045,133049,133150,133152,133174,133178,133231,133234,133237,133243,133250,133252,133291,133293,133311,133321,133328,133411,133414,133421,133428,133435,133439,133447,133493,133497,133506,133571,133576,133581,133592,133594,133599,133626,133628,133731,133734,133754,133756,133761,133764,133768,133772,133779,133788,133794,133797,133803,133805,133807,133836],[10,132390,123801,132392,18],{"id":132391},"python-string-index-method",[15,132393,59590],{},[20,132395,123806,132396,132398],{},[15,132397,59590],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132400,132401,132402,120],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132403,41327],{},[30,132405,2634],{"id":2633},[35,132407,132409],{"className":37,"code":132408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132410,132411,132423,132445,132455,132459,132463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132412,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132414,35307],{"class":50},[44,132416,55],{"class":54},[44,132418,643],{"class":583},[44,132420,61029],{"class":587},[44,132422,3979],{"class":583},[44,132424,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132426,65543],{"class":50},[44,132428,55],{"class":54},[44,132430,43465],{"class":50},[44,132432,120],{"class":58},[44,132434,36467],{"class":123},[44,132436,127],{"class":58},[44,132438,633],{"class":583},[44,132440,61214],{"class":587},[44,132442,633],{"class":583},[44,132444,133],{"class":58},[44,132446,132447,132449,132451,132453],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132448,140],{"class":139},[44,132450,127],{"class":58},[44,132452,65570],{"class":123},[44,132454,133],{"class":58},[44,132456,132457],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,132458,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,132460,132461],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,132462,91446],{"class":1992},[44,132464,132465],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,132466,132467],{"class":1992},"# 6\n",[20,132469,1296,132470,132472,132473,120],{},[15,132471,59590],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132474,41327],{},[30,132476,186,132478,189],{"id":132477},"what-strindex-does",[15,132479,132480],{},"str.index()",[20,132482,132483,132485],{},[15,132484,132480],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132487,203],{},[205,132489,132490,132493,132496,132499],{},[208,132491,132492],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[208,132494,132495],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[208,132497,132498],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[208,132500,30912,132501,132503],{},[15,132502,41327],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132505,295],{},[35,132507,132509],{"className":37,"code":132508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132510,132511,132523,132527,132552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132512,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132514,35307],{"class":50},[44,132516,55],{"class":54},[44,132518,643],{"class":583},[44,132520,646],{"class":587},[44,132522,3979],{"class":583},[44,132524,132525],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132526,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,132528,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132530,140],{"class":139},[44,132532,127],{"class":58},[44,132534,35328],{"class":123},[44,132536,120],{"class":58},[44,132538,36467],{"class":123},[44,132540,127],{"class":58},[44,132542,633],{"class":583},[44,132544,176],{"class":587},[44,132546,633],{"class":583},[44,132548,5979],{"class":58},[44,132550,132551],{"class":1992},"     # 1\n",[44,132553,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,132555,140],{"class":139},[44,132557,127],{"class":58},[44,132559,35328],{"class":123},[44,132561,120],{"class":58},[44,132563,36467],{"class":123},[44,132565,127],{"class":58},[44,132567,633],{"class":583},[44,132569,123894],{"class":587},[44,132571,633],{"class":583},[44,132573,5979],{"class":58},[44,132575,132576],{"class":1992},"    # 2\n",[20,132578,2806],{},[205,132580,132581,132587],{},[208,132582,132583,129014,132585],{},[15,132584,18714],{},[15,132586,63],{},[208,132588,132589,129014,132591],{},[15,132590,129013],{},[15,132592,339],{},[20,132594,132595],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,132597,132599],{"className":37,"code":132598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132600,132601,132613,132617,132641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132602,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132604,35307],{"class":50},[44,132606,55],{"class":54},[44,132608,643],{"class":583},[44,132610,35487],{"class":587},[44,132612,3979],{"class":583},[44,132614,132615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132616,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,132618,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132620,140],{"class":139},[44,132622,127],{"class":58},[44,132624,35328],{"class":123},[44,132626,120],{"class":58},[44,132628,36467],{"class":123},[44,132630,127],{"class":58},[44,132632,633],{"class":583},[44,132634,51816],{"class":587},[44,132636,633],{"class":583},[44,132638,5979],{"class":58},[44,132640,21386],{"class":1992},[44,132642,132643],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,132644,132645],{"class":1992},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,132647,234],{"id":233},[20,132649,2787],{},[35,132651,132653],{"className":37,"code":132652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132654,132655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132656,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132658,61797],{"class":50},[44,132660,120],{"class":58},[44,132662,36467],{"class":123},[44,132664,127],{"class":58},[44,132666,3100],{"class":123},[44,132668,66],{"class":58},[44,132670,36673],{"class":123},[44,132672,66],{"class":58},[44,132674,65664],{"class":123},[44,132676,133],{"class":58},[20,132678,132679],{},"Parameters:",[205,132681,132682,132686,132690],{},[208,132683,132684,123993],{},[15,132685,3100],{},[208,132687,132688,129060],{},[15,132689,36694],{},[208,132691,132692,132694],{},[15,132693,53286],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132696,132697],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,132699,132701],{"className":37,"code":132700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132702,132703,132715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132704,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132706,35307],{"class":50},[44,132708,55],{"class":54},[44,132710,643],{"class":583},[44,132712,39],{"class":587},[44,132714,3979],{"class":583},[44,132716,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132718,140],{"class":139},[44,132720,127],{"class":58},[44,132722,35328],{"class":123},[44,132724,120],{"class":58},[44,132726,36467],{"class":123},[44,132728,127],{"class":58},[44,132730,633],{"class":583},[44,132732,63910],{"class":587},[44,132734,633],{"class":583},[44,132736,5979],{"class":58},[44,132738,52040],{"class":1992},[20,132740,132741],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,132743,132745],{"className":37,"code":132744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132746,132747,132759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132748,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132750,35307],{"class":50},[44,132752,55],{"class":54},[44,132754,643],{"class":583},[44,132756,646],{"class":587},[44,132758,3979],{"class":583},[44,132760,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132762,140],{"class":139},[44,132764,127],{"class":58},[44,132766,35328],{"class":123},[44,132768,120],{"class":58},[44,132770,36467],{"class":123},[44,132772,127],{"class":58},[44,132774,633],{"class":583},[44,132776,176],{"class":587},[44,132778,633],{"class":583},[44,132780,66],{"class":58},[44,132782,69],{"class":62},[44,132784,5979],{"class":58},[44,132786,51395],{"class":1992},[20,132788,132789,132790,2495,132792,1598],{},"Or include both ",[15,132791,36694],{},[15,132793,53286],{},[35,132795,132797],{"className":37,"code":132796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132798,132799,132811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132800,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132802,35307],{"class":50},[44,132804,55],{"class":54},[44,132806,643],{"class":583},[44,132808,646],{"class":587},[44,132810,3979],{"class":583},[44,132812,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132814,140],{"class":139},[44,132816,127],{"class":58},[44,132818,35328],{"class":123},[44,132820,120],{"class":58},[44,132822,36467],{"class":123},[44,132824,127],{"class":58},[44,132826,633],{"class":583},[44,132828,176],{"class":587},[44,132830,633],{"class":583},[44,132832,66],{"class":58},[44,132834,69],{"class":62},[44,132836,66],{"class":58},[44,132838,104],{"class":62},[44,132840,5979],{"class":58},[44,132842,51395],{"class":1992},[30,132844,38642],{"id":38641},[20,132846,29327,132847,132849,132850,120],{},[15,132848,59590],{}," is a ",[197,132851,132852],{},"zero-based index",[20,132854,2735],{},[205,132856,132857,132863,132868],{},[208,132858,132859,132860,132862],{},"Index ",[15,132861,2748],{}," is the first character",[208,132864,132859,132865,132867],{},[15,132866,63],{}," is the second character",[208,132869,132859,132870,132872],{},[15,132871,339],{}," is the third character",[20,132874,295],{},[35,132876,132878],{"className":37,"code":132877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132879,132880,132892,132896,132920,132944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132881,132882,132884,132886,132888,132890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132883,35307],{"class":50},[44,132885,55],{"class":54},[44,132887,643],{"class":583},[44,132889,2122],{"class":587},[44,132891,3979],{"class":583},[44,132893,132894],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132895,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,132897,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,132899,140],{"class":139},[44,132901,127],{"class":58},[44,132903,35328],{"class":123},[44,132905,120],{"class":58},[44,132907,36467],{"class":123},[44,132909,127],{"class":58},[44,132911,633],{"class":583},[44,132913,431],{"class":587},[44,132915,633],{"class":583},[44,132917,5979],{"class":58},[44,132919,51872],{"class":1992},[44,132921,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,132923,140],{"class":139},[44,132925,127],{"class":58},[44,132927,35328],{"class":123},[44,132929,120],{"class":58},[44,132931,36467],{"class":123},[44,132933,127],{"class":58},[44,132935,633],{"class":583},[44,132937,176],{"class":587},[44,132939,633],{"class":583},[44,132941,5979],{"class":58},[44,132943,28399],{"class":1992},[44,132945,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,132947,140],{"class":139},[44,132949,127],{"class":58},[44,132951,35328],{"class":123},[44,132953,120],{"class":58},[44,132955,36467],{"class":123},[44,132957,127],{"class":58},[44,132959,633],{"class":583},[44,132961,63910],{"class":587},[44,132963,633],{"class":583},[44,132965,5979],{"class":58},[44,132967,52040],{"class":1992},[20,132969,132970,132972,132973,132975],{},[15,132971,59590],{}," returns only the ",[197,132974,30528],{}," matching position.",[35,132977,132979],{"className":37,"code":132978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132980,132981,132993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132982,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132984,35307],{"class":50},[44,132986,55],{"class":54},[44,132988,643],{"class":583},[44,132990,646],{"class":587},[44,132992,3979],{"class":583},[44,132994,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,132996,140],{"class":139},[44,132998,127],{"class":58},[44,133000,35328],{"class":123},[44,133002,120],{"class":58},[44,133004,36467],{"class":123},[44,133006,127],{"class":58},[44,133008,633],{"class":583},[44,133010,176],{"class":587},[44,133012,633],{"class":583},[44,133014,5979],{"class":58},[44,133016,28399],{"class":1992},[20,133018,21596,133019,133021],{},[15,133020,18714],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133023,133024,133025,120],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[176,133026,133027,2544],{"href":125251},[15,133028,59212],{},[30,133030,863,133031,2495,133033],{"id":66030},[15,133032,36694],{},[15,133034,53286],{},[20,133036,192,133037,2495,133039,133041],{},[15,133038,36694],{},[15,133040,53286],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133043,133044],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133046,46663,133047,1598],{},[15,133048,36694],{},[35,133050,133052],{"className":37,"code":133051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133053,133054,133066,133070,133094,133122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133055,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133057,35307],{"class":50},[44,133059,55],{"class":54},[44,133061,643],{"class":583},[44,133063,646],{"class":587},[44,133065,3979],{"class":583},[44,133067,133068],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133069,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,133071,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133073,140],{"class":139},[44,133075,127],{"class":58},[44,133077,35328],{"class":123},[44,133079,120],{"class":58},[44,133081,36467],{"class":123},[44,133083,127],{"class":58},[44,133085,633],{"class":583},[44,133087,176],{"class":587},[44,133089,633],{"class":583},[44,133091,5979],{"class":58},[44,133093,51745],{"class":1992},[44,133095,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,133097,140],{"class":139},[44,133099,127],{"class":58},[44,133101,35328],{"class":123},[44,133103,120],{"class":58},[44,133105,36467],{"class":123},[44,133107,127],{"class":58},[44,133109,633],{"class":583},[44,133111,176],{"class":587},[44,133113,633],{"class":583},[44,133115,66],{"class":58},[44,133117,69],{"class":62},[44,133119,5979],{"class":58},[44,133121,51594],{"class":1992},[44,133123,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,133125,140],{"class":139},[44,133127,127],{"class":58},[44,133129,35328],{"class":123},[44,133131,120],{"class":58},[44,133133,36467],{"class":123},[44,133135,127],{"class":58},[44,133137,633],{"class":583},[44,133139,176],{"class":587},[44,133141,633],{"class":583},[44,133143,66],{"class":58},[44,133145,79],{"class":62},[44,133147,5979],{"class":58},[44,133149,51378],{"class":1992},[20,133151,20575],{},[205,133153,133154,133161,133167],{},[208,133155,133156,133157,66220,133159],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133158,18714],{},[15,133160,63],{},[208,133162,133163,133164,133166],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133165,339],{}," skips that first match",[208,133168,133163,133169,133171,133172],{},[15,133170,1517],{}," finds the last ",[15,133173,18714],{},[20,133175,46663,133176,1598],{},[15,133177,53286],{},[35,133179,133181],{"className":37,"code":133180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133182,133183,133195,133199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133184,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133186,35307],{"class":50},[44,133188,55],{"class":54},[44,133190,643],{"class":583},[44,133192,646],{"class":587},[44,133194,3979],{"class":583},[44,133196,133197],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133198,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,133200,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133202,140],{"class":139},[44,133204,127],{"class":58},[44,133206,35328],{"class":123},[44,133208,120],{"class":58},[44,133210,36467],{"class":123},[44,133212,127],{"class":58},[44,133214,633],{"class":583},[44,133216,76654],{"class":587},[44,133218,633],{"class":583},[44,133220,66],{"class":58},[44,133222,4452],{"class":62},[44,133224,66],{"class":58},[44,133226,79],{"class":62},[44,133228,5979],{"class":58},[44,133230,52040],{"class":1992},[20,133232,133233],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133235,133236],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,133238,44836,133240,133242],{"id":133239},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133241,59590],{}," causes an error",[20,133244,133245,133246,53120,133248,120],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133247,59590],{},[15,133249,41327],{},[20,133251,295],{},[35,133253,133255],{"className":37,"code":133254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133256,133257,133269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133258,133259,133261,133263,133265,133267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133260,35307],{"class":50},[44,133262,55],{"class":54},[44,133264,643],{"class":583},[44,133266,4464],{"class":587},[44,133268,3979],{"class":583},[44,133270,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133272,140],{"class":139},[44,133274,127],{"class":58},[44,133276,35328],{"class":123},[44,133278,120],{"class":58},[44,133280,36467],{"class":123},[44,133282,127],{"class":58},[44,133284,633],{"class":583},[44,133286,22695],{"class":587},[44,133288,633],{"class":583},[44,133290,556],{"class":58},[20,133292,150],{},[35,133294,133296],{"className":37,"code":133295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133297,133298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133299,133300,133302,133304,133307,133309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133301,41327],{"class":548},[44,133303,1598],{"class":58},[44,133305,133306],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,133308,199],{"class":54},[44,133310,66453],{"class":50},[20,133312,53967,133313,126767,133318,133320],{},[176,133314,133315],{"href":130445},[15,133316,133317],{},"str.find()",[15,133319,66478],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133322,133323,133324,2495,133326,1598],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133325,30423],{},[15,133327,30454],{},[35,133329,133331],{"className":37,"code":133330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133332,133333,133345,133349,133355,133378,133388,133396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133334,133335,133337,133339,133341,133343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133336,35307],{"class":50},[44,133338,55],{"class":54},[44,133340,643],{"class":583},[44,133342,4464],{"class":587},[44,133344,3979],{"class":583},[44,133346,133347],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133348,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,133350,133351,133353],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133352,30423],{"class":4496},[44,133354,7011],{"class":58},[44,133356,133357,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,133358,133359],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,133361,55],{"class":54},[44,133363,43465],{"class":50},[44,133365,120],{"class":58},[44,133367,36467],{"class":123},[44,133369,127],{"class":58},[44,133371,633],{"class":583},[44,133373,22695],{"class":587},[44,133375,633],{"class":583},[44,133377,133],{"class":58},[44,133379,133380,133382,133384,133386],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,133381,8690],{"class":139},[44,133383,127],{"class":58},[44,133385,65570],{"class":123},[44,133387,133],{"class":58},[44,133389,133390,133392,133394],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,133391,30454],{"class":4496},[44,133393,42549],{"class":548},[44,133395,7011],{"class":58},[44,133397,133398,133400,133402,133404,133407,133409],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,133399,8690],{"class":139},[44,133401,127],{"class":58},[44,133403,633],{"class":583},[44,133405,133406],{"class":587},"Substring not found",[44,133408,633],{"class":583},[44,133410,133],{"class":58},[20,133412,133413],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133415,42569,133416,120],{},[176,133417,26298,133419],{"href":133418},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133420,129772],{},[30,133422,133424,1036,133426],{"id":133423},"index-vs-find",[15,133425,59590],{},[15,133427,124796],{},[20,133429,133430,2495,133432,133434],{},[15,133431,59590],{},[15,133433,124796],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1044,133436,133437],{"id":36467},[15,133438,59590],{},[205,133440,133441,133444],{},[208,133442,133443],{},"Returns the first match position",[208,133445,133446],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,133448,133450],{"className":37,"code":133449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133451,133452,133464,133488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133453,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133455,35307],{"class":50},[44,133457,55],{"class":54},[44,133459,643],{"class":583},[44,133461,4464],{"class":587},[44,133463,3979],{"class":583},[44,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133467,140],{"class":139},[44,133469,127],{"class":58},[44,133471,35328],{"class":123},[44,133473,120],{"class":58},[44,133475,36467],{"class":123},[44,133477,127],{"class":58},[44,133479,633],{"class":583},[44,133481,61070],{"class":587},[44,133483,633],{"class":583},[44,133485,5979],{"class":58},[44,133487,28399],{"class":1992},[44,133489,133490],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133491,133492],{"class":1992},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1044,133494,133495],{"id":128826},[15,133496,124796],{},[205,133498,133499,133501],{},[208,133500,133443],{},[208,133502,12041,133503,133505],{},[15,133504,66478],{}," if nothing is found",[35,133507,133509],{"className":37,"code":133508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133510,133511,133523,133547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133512,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133514,35307],{"class":50},[44,133516,55],{"class":54},[44,133518,643],{"class":583},[44,133520,4464],{"class":587},[44,133522,3979],{"class":583},[44,133524,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133526,140],{"class":139},[44,133528,127],{"class":58},[44,133530,35328],{"class":123},[44,133532,120],{"class":58},[44,133534,128826],{"class":123},[44,133536,127],{"class":58},[44,133538,633],{"class":583},[44,133540,61070],{"class":587},[44,133542,633],{"class":583},[44,133544,5979],{"class":58},[44,133546,28399],{"class":1992},[44,133548,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133550,140],{"class":139},[44,133552,127],{"class":58},[44,133554,35328],{"class":123},[44,133556,120],{"class":58},[44,133558,128826],{"class":123},[44,133560,127],{"class":58},[44,133562,633],{"class":583},[44,133564,22695],{"class":587},[44,133566,633],{"class":583},[44,133568,5979],{"class":58},[44,133570,129182],{"class":1992},[20,133572,1296,133573,133575],{},[15,133574,59590],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133577,1296,133578,133580],{},[15,133579,124796],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133582,133583,133584,428,133589,120],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[176,133585,133586,133588],{"href":130445},[15,133587,133317],{}," method reference",[176,133590,127837],{"href":133591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,133593,3454],{"id":3453},[20,133595,133596,133597,1598],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133598,59590],{},[205,133600,133601,133604,133611,133616,133621],{},[208,133602,133603],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[208,133605,9075,133606,9078,133608,133610],{},[15,133607,59590],{},[15,133609,66478],{}," when no match exists",[208,133612,863,133613,133615],{},[15,133614,59590],{}," on a value that may not be present",[208,133617,133618,133619],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133620,63],{},[208,133622,5198,133623,133625],{},[15,133624,59590],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133627,62918],{},[35,133629,133631],{"className":37,"code":133630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133632,133633,133643,133657,133679,133701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133634,133635,133637,133639,133641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133636,140],{"class":139},[44,133638,127],{"class":58},[44,133640,35328],{"class":123},[44,133642,133],{"class":58},[44,133644,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133646,140],{"class":139},[44,133648,127],{"class":58},[44,133650,42402],{"class":139},[44,133652,127],{"class":58},[44,133654,35328],{"class":123},[44,133656,556],{"class":58},[44,133658,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133660,140],{"class":139},[44,133662,127],{"class":58},[44,133664,35328],{"class":123},[44,133666,120],{"class":58},[44,133668,36467],{"class":123},[44,133670,127],{"class":58},[44,133672,633],{"class":583},[44,133674,3100],{"class":587},[44,133676,633],{"class":583},[44,133678,556],{"class":58},[44,133680,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,133682,140],{"class":139},[44,133684,127],{"class":58},[44,133686,35328],{"class":123},[44,133688,120],{"class":58},[44,133690,128826],{"class":123},[44,133692,127],{"class":58},[44,133694,633],{"class":583},[44,133696,3100],{"class":587},[44,133698,633],{"class":583},[44,133700,556],{"class":58},[44,133702,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,133704,140],{"class":139},[44,133706,127],{"class":58},[44,133708,35328],{"class":123},[44,133710,120],{"class":58},[44,133712,36467],{"class":123},[44,133714,127],{"class":58},[44,133716,633],{"class":583},[44,133718,3100],{"class":587},[44,133720,633],{"class":583},[44,133722,66],{"class":58},[44,133724,36673],{"class":123},[44,133726,66],{"class":58},[44,133728,65664],{"class":123},[44,133730,556],{"class":58},[20,133732,133733],{},"Tips:",[205,133735,133736,133741,133746,133749],{},[208,133737,1296,133738,133740],{},[15,133739,126723],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[208,133742,1296,133743,133745],{},[15,133744,124796],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[208,133747,133748],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[208,133750,133751,133752],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133753,2748],{},[30,133755,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,133757,130305,133759,13332],{"id":133758},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133760,59590],{},[20,133762,133763],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1044,133765,133767],{"id":133766},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133769,77482,133770,120],{},[15,133771,41327],{},[1044,133773,2492,133775,2495,133777,1447],{"id":133774},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133776,59590],{},[15,133778,124796],{},[20,133780,133781,133783,133784,3025,133786,7248],{},[15,133782,59590],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133785,124796],{},[15,133787,66478],{},[1044,133789,5788,133791,133793],{"id":133790},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133792,59590],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133795,133796],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1044,133798,133800,133801,125137],{"id":133799},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133802,59590],{},[20,133804,130330],{},[30,133806,2528],{"id":2527},[205,133808,133809,133815,133819,133824,133830],{},[208,133810,133811],{},[176,133812,133813,2544],{"href":130445},[15,133814,133317],{},[208,133816,133817],{},[176,133818,125200],{"href":133591},[208,133820,133821],{},[176,133822,130406],{"href":133823},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[208,133825,133826],{},[176,133827,133828,2544],{"href":125251},[15,133829,59212],{},[208,133831,133832],{},[176,133833,30966,133834],{"href":133418},[15,133835,129772],{},[2554,133837,133838],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":133840},[133841,133842,133844,133845,133846,133847,133849,133854,133855,133866],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":132477,"depth":85,"text":133843},"What str.index() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642},{"id":66030,"depth":85,"text":66813},{"id":133239,"depth":85,"text":133848},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133423,"depth":85,"text":133850,"children":133851},"index() vs find()",[133852,133853],{"id":36467,"depth":109,"text":59590},{"id":128826,"depth":109,"text":124796},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":133856},[133857,133859,133860,133862,133864],{"id":133758,"depth":109,"text":133858},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133766,"depth":109,"text":133767},{"id":133774,"depth":109,"text":133861},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133790,"depth":109,"text":133863},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133799,"depth":109,"text":133865},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132386,"description":133867},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133874,"title":133875,"body":133876,"description":136651,"extension":2593,"meta":136652,"navigation":364,"path":136653,"seo":136654,"stem":136655,"__hash__":136656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133877,"toc":136587},[133878,133884,133889,133892,133895,133906,133908,133977,133979,133993,133998,134003,134008,134010,134053,134055,134138,134140,134186,134192,134194,134196,134216,134218,134241,134243,134317,134319,134338,134343,134345,134349,134421,134423,134437,134441,134517,134519,134538,134542,134636,134638,134647,134654,134730,134732,134750,134754,134757,134764,134813,134815,134824,134831,134890,134892,134910,134913,134920,134979,134981,134999,135006,135063,135065,135074,135078,135083,135087,135146,135148,135166,135170,135217,135222,135225,135294,135296,135313,135320,135326,135381,135386,135389,135466,135468,135486,135492,135498,135558,135560,135579,135585,135588,135595,135648,135653,135655,135716,135725,135732,135734,135791,135796,135798,135869,135873,135928,135930,135939,135944,135950,136019,136021,136053,136059,136067,136074,136080,136145,136147,136156,136162,136243,136245,136254,136259,136273,136280,136284,136289,136317,136319,136452,136455,136492,136494,136500,136509,136514,136517,136522,136527,136533,136536,136545,136548,136550,136579,136584],[10,133879,123801,133881,18],{"id":133880},"python-string-join-method",[15,133882,133883],{},"join()",[20,133885,123806,133886,133888],{},[15,133887,133883],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133890,133891],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133893,133894],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[205,133896,133897,133903],{},[208,133898,133899,133900,133902],{},"You call ",[15,133901,133883],{}," on the separator string",[208,133904,133905],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133907,33],{"id":32},[35,133909,133911],{"className":37,"code":133910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133912,133913,133946,133967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133914,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133942,133944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133916,4692],{"class":50},[44,133918,55],{"class":54},[44,133920,1954],{"class":58},[44,133922,633],{"class":583},[44,133924,7915],{"class":587},[44,133926,633],{"class":583},[44,133928,66],{"class":58},[44,133930,643],{"class":583},[44,133932,12810],{"class":587},[44,133934,633],{"class":583},[44,133936,66],{"class":58},[44,133938,643],{"class":583},[44,133940,133941],{"class":587},"fun",[44,133943,633],{"class":583},[44,133945,1967],{"class":58},[44,133947,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133961,133963,133965],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,133949,112],{"class":50},[44,133951,55],{"class":54},[44,133953,643],{"class":583},[44,133955,643],{"class":583},[44,133957,120],{"class":58},[44,133959,133960],{"class":123},"join",[44,133962,127],{"class":58},[44,133964,4734],{"class":123},[44,133966,133],{"class":58},[44,133968,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,133970,140],{"class":139},[44,133972,127],{"class":58},[44,133974,145],{"class":123},[44,133976,133],{"class":58},[20,133978,150],{},[35,133980,133982],{"className":37,"code":133981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133983,133984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133985,133986,133988,133990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133987,4197],{"class":50},[44,133989,12810],{"class":54},[44,133991,133992],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133994,1296,133995,133997],{},[15,133996,133883],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133999,186,134001,189],{"id":134000},"what-join-does",[15,134002,133883],{},[20,134004,134005,134007],{},[15,134006,133883],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134009,12076],{},[205,134011,134012,134019,134047,134050],{},[208,134013,134014,134015,134018],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,134016,134017],{},".join()"," as the separator",[208,134020,134021,134022],{},"Common separators are:\n",[205,134023,134024,134030,134036,134042],{},[208,134025,134026,134029],{},[15,134027,134028],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[208,134031,134032,134035],{},[15,134033,134034],{},"\", \""," for commas",[208,134037,134038,134041],{},[15,134039,134040],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[208,134043,134044,134046],{},[15,134045,6890],{}," for no separator",[208,134048,134049],{},"It returns a new string",[208,134051,134052],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134054,295],{},[35,134056,134058],{"className":37,"code":134057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134059,134060,134092,134114,134118,134128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134061,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134063,4692],{"class":50},[44,134065,55],{"class":54},[44,134067,1954],{"class":58},[44,134069,633],{"class":583},[44,134071,13709],{"class":587},[44,134073,633],{"class":583},[44,134075,66],{"class":58},[44,134077,643],{"class":583},[44,134079,18073],{"class":587},[44,134081,633],{"class":583},[44,134083,66],{"class":58},[44,134085,643],{"class":583},[44,134087,13726],{"class":587},[44,134089,633],{"class":583},[44,134091,1967],{"class":58},[44,134093,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134095,112],{"class":50},[44,134097,55],{"class":54},[44,134099,643],{"class":583},[44,134101,2817],{"class":587},[44,134103,633],{"class":583},[44,134105,120],{"class":58},[44,134107,133960],{"class":123},[44,134109,127],{"class":58},[44,134111,4734],{"class":123},[44,134113,133],{"class":58},[44,134115,134116],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134117,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134119,134120,134122,134124,134126],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134121,140],{"class":139},[44,134123,127],{"class":58},[44,134125,145],{"class":123},[44,134127,133],{"class":58},[44,134129,134130,134132,134134,134136],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,134131,140],{"class":139},[44,134133,127],{"class":58},[44,134135,4734],{"class":123},[44,134137,133],{"class":58},[20,134139,150],{},[35,134141,134143],{"className":37,"code":134142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134144,134145,134158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134146,134147,134149,134151,134154,134156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134148,13709],{"class":50},[44,134150,66],{"class":58},[44,134152,134153],{"class":50}," green",[44,134155,66],{"class":58},[44,134157,36502],{"class":50},[44,134159,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134161,4521],{"class":58},[44,134163,590],{"class":583},[44,134165,13709],{"class":587},[44,134167,590],{"class":583},[44,134169,66],{"class":58},[44,134171,584],{"class":583},[44,134173,18073],{"class":587},[44,134175,590],{"class":583},[44,134177,66],{"class":58},[44,134179,584],{"class":583},[44,134181,13726],{"class":587},[44,134183,590],{"class":583},[44,134185,1967],{"class":58},[20,134187,134188,134189,134191],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134190,133883],{}," creates a new string.",[30,134193,234],{"id":233},[20,134195,7836],{},[35,134197,134199],{"className":37,"code":134198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134200,134201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134202,134203,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134204,134205],{"class":50},"separator",[44,134207,120],{"class":58},[44,134209,133960],{"class":123},[44,134211,127],{"class":58},[44,134213,4340],{"class":123},[44,134215,133],{"class":58},[1044,134217,49634],{"id":49633},[205,134219,134220,134233,134238],{},[208,134221,134222,134224,134225,2817,134227,2817,134229,2821,134231],{},[15,134223,134205],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134226,134028],{},[15,134228,134034],{},[15,134230,134040],{},[15,134232,6890],{},[208,134234,134235,134237],{},[15,134236,4340],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[208,134239,134240],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134242,295],{},[35,134244,134246],{"className":37,"code":134245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134247,134248,134280,134303,134307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134249,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134251,5612],{"class":50},[44,134253,55],{"class":54},[44,134255,1954],{"class":58},[44,134257,633],{"class":583},[44,134259,13497],{"class":587},[44,134261,633],{"class":583},[44,134263,66],{"class":58},[44,134265,643],{"class":583},[44,134267,36562],{"class":587},[44,134269,633],{"class":583},[44,134271,66],{"class":58},[44,134273,643],{"class":583},[44,134275,36571],{"class":587},[44,134277,633],{"class":583},[44,134279,1967],{"class":58},[44,134281,134282,134284,134286,134288,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134283,112],{"class":50},[44,134285,55],{"class":54},[44,134287,643],{"class":583},[44,134289,134290],{"class":587}," | ",[44,134292,633],{"class":583},[44,134294,120],{"class":58},[44,134296,133960],{"class":123},[44,134298,127],{"class":58},[44,134300,5656],{"class":123},[44,134302,133],{"class":58},[44,134304,134305],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134306,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134308,134309,134311,134313,134315],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134310,140],{"class":139},[44,134312,127],{"class":58},[44,134314,145],{"class":123},[44,134316,133],{"class":58},[20,134318,150],{},[35,134320,134322],{"className":37,"code":134321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134323,134324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134325,134326,134329,134331,134334,134336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134327,134328],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,134330,114308],{"class":54},[44,134332,134333],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,134335,114308],{"class":54},[44,134337,36643],{"class":50},[20,134339,134340,134341,120],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[176,134342,125556],{"href":51600},[30,134344,122332],{"id":122331},[1044,134346,134348],{"id":134347},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,134350,134352],{"className":37,"code":134351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134353,134354,134387,134407,134411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134355,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134383,134385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134357,4692],{"class":50},[44,134359,55],{"class":54},[44,134361,1954],{"class":58},[44,134363,633],{"class":583},[44,134365,7915],{"class":587},[44,134367,633],{"class":583},[44,134369,66],{"class":58},[44,134371,643],{"class":583},[44,134373,12810],{"class":587},[44,134375,633],{"class":583},[44,134377,66],{"class":58},[44,134379,643],{"class":583},[44,134381,134382],{"class":587},"easy",[44,134384,633],{"class":583},[44,134386,1967],{"class":58},[44,134388,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134390,112],{"class":50},[44,134392,55],{"class":54},[44,134394,643],{"class":583},[44,134396,643],{"class":583},[44,134398,120],{"class":58},[44,134400,133960],{"class":123},[44,134402,127],{"class":58},[44,134404,4734],{"class":123},[44,134406,133],{"class":58},[44,134408,134409],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134410,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134412,134413,134415,134417,134419],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134414,140],{"class":139},[44,134416,127],{"class":58},[44,134418,145],{"class":123},[44,134420,133],{"class":58},[20,134422,150],{},[35,134424,134426],{"className":37,"code":134425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,134427,134428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134429,134430,134432,134434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134431,4197],{"class":50},[44,134433,12810],{"class":54},[44,134435,134436],{"class":50}," easy\n",[1044,134438,134440],{"id":134439},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,134442,134444],{"className":37,"code":134443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134445,134446,134481,134503,134507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134459,134461,134463,134465,134468,134470,134472,134474,134477,134479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134449,8399],{"class":50},[44,134451,55],{"class":54},[44,134453,1954],{"class":58},[44,134455,633],{"class":583},[44,134457,134458],{"class":587},"apples",[44,134460,633],{"class":583},[44,134462,66],{"class":58},[44,134464,643],{"class":583},[44,134466,134467],{"class":587},"bananas",[44,134469,633],{"class":583},[44,134471,66],{"class":58},[44,134473,643],{"class":583},[44,134475,134476],{"class":587},"oranges",[44,134478,633],{"class":583},[44,134480,1967],{"class":58},[44,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134484,112],{"class":50},[44,134486,55],{"class":54},[44,134488,643],{"class":583},[44,134490,2817],{"class":587},[44,134492,633],{"class":583},[44,134494,120],{"class":58},[44,134496,133960],{"class":123},[44,134498,127],{"class":58},[44,134500,8430],{"class":123},[44,134502,133],{"class":58},[44,134504,134505],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134506,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134508,134509,134511,134513,134515],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134510,140],{"class":139},[44,134512,127],{"class":58},[44,134514,145],{"class":123},[44,134516,133],{"class":58},[20,134518,150],{},[35,134520,134522],{"className":37,"code":134521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134523,134524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134525,134526,134528,134530,134533,134535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134527,134458],{"class":50},[44,134529,66],{"class":58},[44,134531,134532],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,134534,66],{"class":58},[44,134536,134537],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[1044,134539,134541],{"id":134540},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,134543,134545],{"className":37,"code":134544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134546,134547,134604,134622,134626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134548,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134550,36712],{"class":50},[44,134552,55],{"class":54},[44,134554,1954],{"class":58},[44,134556,633],{"class":583},[44,134558,134559],{"class":587},"P",[44,134561,633],{"class":583},[44,134563,66],{"class":58},[44,134565,643],{"class":583},[44,134567,12361],{"class":587},[44,134569,633],{"class":583},[44,134571,66],{"class":58},[44,134573,643],{"class":583},[44,134575,63910],{"class":587},[44,134577,633],{"class":583},[44,134579,66],{"class":58},[44,134581,643],{"class":583},[44,134583,61061],{"class":587},[44,134585,633],{"class":583},[44,134587,66],{"class":58},[44,134589,643],{"class":583},[44,134591,61096],{"class":587},[44,134593,633],{"class":583},[44,134595,66],{"class":58},[44,134597,643],{"class":583},[44,134599,76654],{"class":587},[44,134601,633],{"class":583},[44,134603,1967],{"class":58},[44,134605,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134607,112],{"class":50},[44,134609,55],{"class":54},[44,134611,6744],{"class":583},[44,134613,120],{"class":58},[44,134615,133960],{"class":123},[44,134617,127],{"class":58},[44,134619,36765],{"class":123},[44,134621,133],{"class":58},[44,134623,134624],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134625,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134627,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134629,140],{"class":139},[44,134631,127],{"class":58},[44,134633,145],{"class":123},[44,134635,133],{"class":58},[20,134637,150],{},[35,134639,134641],{"className":37,"code":134640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,134642,134643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134644,134645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134646,134640],{"class":50},[1044,134648,134650,134651,134653],{"id":134649},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134652,133883],{}," returns the result",[35,134655,134657],{"className":37,"code":134656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134658,134659,134692,134715,134719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134660,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134688,134690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134662,4692],{"class":50},[44,134664,55],{"class":54},[44,134666,1954],{"class":58},[44,134668,633],{"class":583},[44,134670,7202],{"class":587},[44,134672,633],{"class":583},[44,134674,66],{"class":58},[44,134676,643],{"class":583},[44,134678,79895],{"class":587},[44,134680,633],{"class":583},[44,134682,66],{"class":58},[44,134684,643],{"class":583},[44,134686,134687],{"class":587},"three",[44,134689,633],{"class":583},[44,134691,1967],{"class":58},[44,134693,134694,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134695,134696],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,134698,55],{"class":54},[44,134700,643],{"class":583},[44,134702,1316],{"class":587},[44,134704,633],{"class":583},[44,134706,120],{"class":58},[44,134708,133960],{"class":123},[44,134710,127],{"class":58},[44,134712,4734],{"class":123},[44,134714,133],{"class":58},[44,134716,134717],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,134718,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,134720,134721,134723,134725,134728],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,134722,140],{"class":139},[44,134724,127],{"class":58},[44,134726,134727],{"class":123},"joined_text",[44,134729,133],{"class":58},[20,134731,150],{},[35,134733,134735],{"className":37,"code":134734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,134736,134737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134740,7202],{"class":50},[44,134742,1316],{"class":54},[44,134744,79895],{"class":50},[44,134746,1316],{"class":54},[44,134748,134749],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,134751,134753],{"id":134752},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134755,134756],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1044,134758,134760,134763],{"id":134759},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134761,134762],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,134765,134767],{"className":37,"code":134766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134768,134769,134793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134770,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134772,4692],{"class":50},[44,134774,55],{"class":54},[44,134776,1954],{"class":58},[44,134778,633],{"class":583},[44,134780,4464],{"class":587},[44,134782,633],{"class":583},[44,134784,66],{"class":58},[44,134786,643],{"class":583},[44,134788,61214],{"class":587},[44,134790,633],{"class":583},[44,134792,1967],{"class":58},[44,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134796,140],{"class":139},[44,134798,127],{"class":58},[44,134800,633],{"class":583},[44,134802,643],{"class":583},[44,134804,120],{"class":58},[44,134806,133960],{"class":123},[44,134808,127],{"class":58},[44,134810,4734],{"class":123},[44,134812,556],{"class":58},[20,134814,150],{},[35,134816,134818],{"className":37,"code":134817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134819,134820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134821,134822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134823,134817],{"class":50},[1044,134825,134827,134830],{"id":134826},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134828,134829],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134832,134834],{"className":37,"code":134833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134835,134836,134868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134839,13692],{"class":50},[44,134841,55],{"class":54},[44,134843,1954],{"class":58},[44,134845,633],{"class":583},[44,134847,13709],{"class":587},[44,134849,633],{"class":583},[44,134851,66],{"class":58},[44,134853,643],{"class":583},[44,134855,13726],{"class":587},[44,134857,633],{"class":583},[44,134859,66],{"class":58},[44,134861,643],{"class":583},[44,134863,18073],{"class":587},[44,134865,633],{"class":583},[44,134867,1967],{"class":58},[44,134869,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134871,140],{"class":139},[44,134873,127],{"class":58},[44,134875,633],{"class":583},[44,134877,2817],{"class":587},[44,134879,633],{"class":583},[44,134881,120],{"class":58},[44,134883,133960],{"class":123},[44,134885,127],{"class":58},[44,134887,18120],{"class":123},[44,134889,556],{"class":58},[20,134891,150],{},[35,134893,134895],{"className":37,"code":134894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134896,134897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134898,134899,134901,134903,134906,134908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134900,13709],{"class":50},[44,134902,66],{"class":58},[44,134904,134905],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134907,66],{"class":58},[44,134909,36495],{"class":50},[20,134911,134912],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1044,134914,134916,134919],{"id":134915},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134917,134918],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134921,134923],{"className":37,"code":134922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134924,134925,134957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134926,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134928,43460],{"class":50},[44,134930,55],{"class":54},[44,134932,1954],{"class":58},[44,134934,633],{"class":583},[44,134936,39],{"class":587},[44,134938,633],{"class":583},[44,134940,66],{"class":58},[44,134942,643],{"class":583},[44,134944,61797],{"class":587},[44,134946,633],{"class":583},[44,134948,66],{"class":58},[44,134950,643],{"class":583},[44,134952,133960],{"class":587},[44,134954,633],{"class":583},[44,134956,1967],{"class":58},[44,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,134960,140],{"class":139},[44,134962,127],{"class":58},[44,134964,633],{"class":583},[44,134966,1316],{"class":587},[44,134968,633],{"class":583},[44,134970,120],{"class":58},[44,134972,133960],{"class":123},[44,134974,127],{"class":58},[44,134976,43492],{"class":123},[44,134978,556],{"class":58},[20,134980,150],{},[35,134982,134984],{"className":37,"code":134983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134985,134986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134989,39],{"class":50},[44,134991,1316],{"class":54},[44,134993,61797],{"class":50},[44,134995,1316],{"class":54},[44,134997,134998],{"class":50},"join\n",[1044,135000,135002,135005],{"id":135001},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,135003,135004],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,135007,135009],{"className":37,"code":135008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,135010,135011,135044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135012,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135040,135042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135014,113380],{"class":50},[44,135016,55],{"class":54},[44,135018,1954],{"class":58},[44,135020,633],{"class":583},[44,135022,22863],{"class":587},[44,135024,633],{"class":583},[44,135026,66],{"class":58},[44,135028,643],{"class":583},[44,135030,31219],{"class":587},[44,135032,633],{"class":583},[44,135034,66],{"class":58},[44,135036,643],{"class":583},[44,135038,135039],{"class":587},"C",[44,135041,633],{"class":583},[44,135043,1967],{"class":58},[44,135045,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135061],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135047,140],{"class":139},[44,135049,127],{"class":58},[44,135051,6890],{"class":583},[44,135053,120],{"class":58},[44,135055,133960],{"class":123},[44,135057,127],{"class":58},[44,135059,135060],{"class":123},"chars",[44,135062,556],{"class":58},[20,135064,150],{},[35,135066,135068],{"className":37,"code":135067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,135069,135070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135071,135072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135073,135067],{"class":35072},[30,135075,135077],{"id":135076},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135079,135080,135082],{},[15,135081,133883],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1044,135084,135086],{"id":135085},"this-works","This works",[35,135088,135090],{"className":37,"code":135089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135091,135092,135124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135093,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135095,4441],{"class":50},[44,135097,55],{"class":54},[44,135099,1954],{"class":58},[44,135101,633],{"class":583},[44,135103,2958],{"class":587},[44,135105,633],{"class":583},[44,135107,66],{"class":58},[44,135109,643],{"class":583},[44,135111,16372],{"class":587},[44,135113,633],{"class":583},[44,135115,66],{"class":58},[44,135117,643],{"class":583},[44,135119,37464],{"class":587},[44,135121,633],{"class":583},[44,135123,1967],{"class":58},[44,135125,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135127,140],{"class":139},[44,135129,127],{"class":58},[44,135131,633],{"class":583},[44,135133,2817],{"class":587},[44,135135,633],{"class":583},[44,135137,120],{"class":58},[44,135139,133960],{"class":123},[44,135141,127],{"class":58},[44,135143,5976],{"class":123},[44,135145,556],{"class":58},[20,135147,150],{},[35,135149,135151],{"className":37,"code":135150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135152,135153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135154,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135156,2958],{"class":62},[44,135158,66],{"class":58},[44,135160,8410],{"class":62},[44,135162,66],{"class":58},[44,135164,135165],{"class":62}," 30\n",[1044,135167,135169],{"id":135168},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,135171,135173],{"className":37,"code":135172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135174,135175,135195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135176,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135178,4441],{"class":50},[44,135180,55],{"class":54},[44,135182,1954],{"class":58},[44,135184,63],{"class":62},[44,135186,66],{"class":58},[44,135188,69],{"class":62},[44,135190,66],{"class":58},[44,135192,74],{"class":62},[44,135194,1967],{"class":58},[44,135196,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135198,140],{"class":139},[44,135200,127],{"class":58},[44,135202,633],{"class":583},[44,135204,2817],{"class":587},[44,135206,633],{"class":583},[44,135208,120],{"class":58},[44,135210,133960],{"class":123},[44,135212,127],{"class":58},[44,135214,5976],{"class":123},[44,135216,556],{"class":58},[20,135218,90933,135219,135221],{},[15,135220,3628],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135223,135224],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,135226,135228],{"className":37,"code":135227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135229,135230,135250,135280,135284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135231,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135233,4441],{"class":50},[44,135235,55],{"class":54},[44,135237,1954],{"class":58},[44,135239,63],{"class":62},[44,135241,66],{"class":58},[44,135243,69],{"class":62},[44,135245,66],{"class":58},[44,135247,74],{"class":62},[44,135249,1967],{"class":58},[44,135251,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135253,112],{"class":50},[44,135255,55],{"class":54},[44,135257,643],{"class":583},[44,135259,2817],{"class":587},[44,135261,633],{"class":583},[44,135263,120],{"class":58},[44,135265,133960],{"class":123},[44,135267,127],{"class":58},[44,135269,40482],{"class":139},[44,135271,127],{"class":58},[44,135273,4064],{"class":548},[44,135275,66],{"class":58},[44,135277,4506],{"class":123},[44,135279,556],{"class":58},[44,135281,135282],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,135283,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,135285,135286,135288,135290,135292],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,135287,140],{"class":139},[44,135289,127],{"class":58},[44,135291,145],{"class":123},[44,135293,133],{"class":58},[20,135295,150],{},[35,135297,135299],{"className":37,"code":135298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135300,135301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135302,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135304,63],{"class":62},[44,135306,66],{"class":58},[44,135308,69],{"class":62},[44,135310,66],{"class":58},[44,135312,3202],{"class":62},[20,135314,135315,135316,120],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[176,135317,4197,135318,4130],{"href":42798},[15,135319,48307],{},[1044,135321,135323,135325],{"id":135322},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135324,4398],{}," values do not work directly",[35,135327,135329],{"className":37,"code":135328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135330,135331,135359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135334,4441],{"class":50},[44,135336,55],{"class":54},[44,135338,1954],{"class":58},[44,135340,633],{"class":583},[44,135342,636],{"class":587},[44,135344,633],{"class":583},[44,135346,66],{"class":58},[44,135348,4472],{"class":4471},[44,135350,66],{"class":58},[44,135352,643],{"class":583},[44,135354,646],{"class":587},[44,135356,633],{"class":583},[44,135358,1967],{"class":58},[44,135360,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135362,140],{"class":139},[44,135364,127],{"class":58},[44,135366,633],{"class":583},[44,135368,2817],{"class":587},[44,135370,633],{"class":583},[44,135372,120],{"class":58},[44,135374,133960],{"class":123},[44,135376,127],{"class":58},[44,135378,5976],{"class":123},[44,135380,556],{"class":58},[20,135382,135383,135384,120],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135385,3628],{},[20,135387,135388],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,135390,135392],{"className":37,"code":135391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135393,135394,135422,135452,135456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135395,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135397,4441],{"class":50},[44,135399,55],{"class":54},[44,135401,1954],{"class":58},[44,135403,633],{"class":583},[44,135405,636],{"class":587},[44,135407,633],{"class":583},[44,135409,66],{"class":58},[44,135411,4472],{"class":4471},[44,135413,66],{"class":58},[44,135415,643],{"class":583},[44,135417,646],{"class":587},[44,135419,633],{"class":583},[44,135421,1967],{"class":58},[44,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135425,112],{"class":50},[44,135427,55],{"class":54},[44,135429,643],{"class":583},[44,135431,2817],{"class":587},[44,135433,633],{"class":583},[44,135435,120],{"class":58},[44,135437,133960],{"class":123},[44,135439,127],{"class":58},[44,135441,40482],{"class":139},[44,135443,127],{"class":58},[44,135445,4064],{"class":548},[44,135447,66],{"class":58},[44,135449,4506],{"class":123},[44,135451,556],{"class":58},[44,135453,135454],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,135455,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,135457,135458,135460,135462,135464],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,135459,140],{"class":139},[44,135461,127],{"class":58},[44,135463,145],{"class":123},[44,135465,133],{"class":58},[20,135467,150],{},[35,135469,135471],{"className":37,"code":135470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135472,135473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135474,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135476,636],{"class":50},[44,135478,66],{"class":58},[44,135480,4472],{"class":4471},[44,135482,66],{"class":58},[44,135484,135485],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,135487,135488,135489,135491],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135490,4398],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1044,135493,135495,135497],{"id":135494},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135496,133883],{}," also works with tuples",[35,135499,135501],{"className":37,"code":135500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135502,135503,135535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135504,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135506,5612],{"class":50},[44,135508,55],{"class":54},[44,135510,9859],{"class":58},[44,135512,633],{"class":583},[44,135514,8296],{"class":587},[44,135516,633],{"class":583},[44,135518,66],{"class":58},[44,135520,643],{"class":583},[44,135522,131889],{"class":587},[44,135524,633],{"class":583},[44,135526,66],{"class":58},[44,135528,643],{"class":583},[44,135530,8542],{"class":587},[44,135532,633],{"class":583},[44,135534,133],{"class":58},[44,135536,135537,135539,135541,135543,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135538,140],{"class":139},[44,135540,127],{"class":58},[44,135542,633],{"class":583},[44,135544,135545],{"class":587}," \u002F ",[44,135547,633],{"class":583},[44,135549,120],{"class":58},[44,135551,133960],{"class":123},[44,135553,127],{"class":58},[44,135555,5656],{"class":123},[44,135557,556],{"class":58},[20,135559,150],{},[35,135561,135563],{"className":37,"code":135562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135564,135565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135566,135567,135570,135572,135575,135577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135568,135569],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,135571,127693],{"class":54},[44,135573,135574],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,135576,127693],{"class":54},[44,135578,22952],{"class":50},[30,135580,135582,135583],{"id":135581},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135584,133883],{},[20,135586,135587],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1044,135589,135591,135592,135594],{"id":135590},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135593,3628],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,135596,135598],{"className":37,"code":135597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135599,135600,135628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135601,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135603,8399],{"class":50},[44,135605,55],{"class":54},[44,135607,1954],{"class":58},[44,135609,633],{"class":583},[44,135611,176],{"class":587},[44,135613,633],{"class":583},[44,135615,66],{"class":58},[44,135617,69],{"class":62},[44,135619,66],{"class":58},[44,135621,643],{"class":583},[44,135623,431],{"class":587},[44,135625,633],{"class":583},[44,135627,1967],{"class":58},[44,135629,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135631,140],{"class":139},[44,135633,127],{"class":58},[44,135635,633],{"class":583},[44,135637,643],{"class":583},[44,135639,120],{"class":58},[44,135641,133960],{"class":123},[44,135643,127],{"class":58},[44,135645,8430],{"class":123},[44,135647,556],{"class":58},[20,135649,49134,135650,135652],{},[15,135651,339],{}," is an integer.",[20,135654,39884],{},[35,135656,135658],{"className":37,"code":135657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135659,135660,135688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135663,8399],{"class":50},[44,135665,55],{"class":54},[44,135667,1954],{"class":58},[44,135669,633],{"class":583},[44,135671,176],{"class":587},[44,135673,633],{"class":583},[44,135675,66],{"class":58},[44,135677,69],{"class":62},[44,135679,66],{"class":58},[44,135681,643],{"class":583},[44,135683,431],{"class":587},[44,135685,633],{"class":583},[44,135687,1967],{"class":58},[44,135689,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135691,140],{"class":139},[44,135693,127],{"class":58},[44,135695,633],{"class":583},[44,135697,643],{"class":583},[44,135699,120],{"class":58},[44,135701,133960],{"class":123},[44,135703,127],{"class":58},[44,135705,40482],{"class":139},[44,135707,127],{"class":58},[44,135709,4064],{"class":548},[44,135711,66],{"class":58},[44,135713,6584],{"class":123},[44,135715,2432],{"class":58},[20,135717,135718,135719,120],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[176,135720,26298,135722],{"href":135721},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135723,135724],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1044,135726,135728,135729,135731],{"id":135727},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135730,133883],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135733,5144],{},[35,135735,135737],{"className":37,"code":135736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135738,135739,135771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135740,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135742,4692],{"class":50},[44,135744,55],{"class":54},[44,135746,1954],{"class":58},[44,135748,633],{"class":583},[44,135750,7915],{"class":587},[44,135752,633],{"class":583},[44,135754,66],{"class":58},[44,135756,643],{"class":583},[44,135758,12810],{"class":587},[44,135760,633],{"class":583},[44,135762,66],{"class":58},[44,135764,643],{"class":583},[44,135766,133941],{"class":587},[44,135768,633],{"class":583},[44,135770,1967],{"class":58},[44,135772,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135774,112],{"class":50},[44,135776,55],{"class":54},[44,135778,6786],{"class":50},[44,135780,120],{"class":58},[44,135782,133960],{"class":123},[44,135784,127],{"class":58},[44,135786,633],{"class":583},[44,135788,643],{"class":583},[44,135790,133],{"class":58},[20,135792,135793,135795],{},[15,135794,133883],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135797,11426],{},[35,135799,135801],{"className":37,"code":135800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135802,135803,135835,135855,135859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135804,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135806,4692],{"class":50},[44,135808,55],{"class":54},[44,135810,1954],{"class":58},[44,135812,633],{"class":583},[44,135814,7915],{"class":587},[44,135816,633],{"class":583},[44,135818,66],{"class":58},[44,135820,643],{"class":583},[44,135822,12810],{"class":587},[44,135824,633],{"class":583},[44,135826,66],{"class":58},[44,135828,643],{"class":583},[44,135830,133941],{"class":587},[44,135832,633],{"class":583},[44,135834,1967],{"class":58},[44,135836,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135838,112],{"class":50},[44,135840,55],{"class":54},[44,135842,643],{"class":583},[44,135844,643],{"class":583},[44,135846,120],{"class":58},[44,135848,133960],{"class":123},[44,135850,127],{"class":58},[44,135852,4734],{"class":123},[44,135854,133],{"class":58},[44,135856,135857],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,135858,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,135860,135861,135863,135865,135867],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,135862,140],{"class":139},[44,135864,127],{"class":58},[44,135866,145],{"class":123},[44,135868,133],{"class":58},[1044,135870,135872],{"id":135871},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135874,135876],{"className":37,"code":135875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135877,135878,135910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135879,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135881,4692],{"class":50},[44,135883,55],{"class":54},[44,135885,1954],{"class":58},[44,135887,633],{"class":583},[44,135889,7202],{"class":587},[44,135891,633],{"class":583},[44,135893,66],{"class":58},[44,135895,643],{"class":583},[44,135897,79895],{"class":587},[44,135899,633],{"class":583},[44,135901,66],{"class":58},[44,135903,643],{"class":583},[44,135905,134687],{"class":587},[44,135907,633],{"class":583},[44,135909,1967],{"class":58},[44,135911,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135913,140],{"class":139},[44,135915,127],{"class":58},[44,135917,6890],{"class":583},[44,135919,120],{"class":58},[44,135921,133960],{"class":123},[44,135923,127],{"class":58},[44,135925,4734],{"class":123},[44,135927,556],{"class":58},[20,135929,150],{},[35,135931,135933],{"className":37,"code":135932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135934,135935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135936,135937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135938,135932],{"class":50},[20,135940,135941,135942,7248],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135943,134028],{},[1044,135945,135947,135948,132151],{"id":135946},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135949,133883],{},[35,135951,135953],{"className":37,"code":135952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135954,135955,135987,136005,136009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135956,135957,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135958,4692],{"class":50},[44,135960,55],{"class":54},[44,135962,1954],{"class":58},[44,135964,633],{"class":583},[44,135966,176],{"class":587},[44,135968,633],{"class":583},[44,135970,66],{"class":58},[44,135972,643],{"class":583},[44,135974,130],{"class":587},[44,135976,633],{"class":583},[44,135978,66],{"class":58},[44,135980,643],{"class":583},[44,135982,431],{"class":587},[44,135984,633],{"class":583},[44,135986,1967],{"class":58},[44,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,135990,633],{"class":43952},[44,135992,1316],{"class":43956},[44,135994,633],{"class":43952},[44,135996,120],{"class":58},[44,135998,133960],{"class":123},[44,136000,127],{"class":58},[44,136002,4734],{"class":123},[44,136004,133],{"class":58},[44,136006,136007],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136008,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136010,136011,136013,136015,136017],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136012,140],{"class":139},[44,136014,127],{"class":58},[44,136016,4734],{"class":123},[44,136018,133],{"class":58},[20,136020,150],{},[35,136022,136023],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,136024,136025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136026,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136028,4521],{"class":58},[44,136030,590],{"class":583},[44,136032,176],{"class":587},[44,136034,590],{"class":583},[44,136036,66],{"class":58},[44,136038,584],{"class":583},[44,136040,130],{"class":587},[44,136042,590],{"class":583},[44,136044,66],{"class":58},[44,136046,584],{"class":583},[44,136048,431],{"class":587},[44,136050,590],{"class":583},[44,136052,1967],{"class":58},[20,136054,136055,136056,136058],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136057,133883],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,136060,136062,136064,136065],{"id":136061},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136063,133883],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136066,2689],{},[20,136068,11209,136069,2495,136071,136073],{},[15,136070,133883],{},[15,136072,2689],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1044,136075,1296,136077,136079],{"id":136076},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136078,2689],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,136081,136083],{"className":37,"code":136082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136084,136085,136098,136111,136131,136135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136086,136087,136090,136092,136094,136096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136088,136089],{"class":50},"first ",[44,136091,55],{"class":54},[44,136093,643],{"class":583},[44,136095,35487],{"class":587},[44,136097,3979],{"class":583},[44,136099,136100,136103,136105,136107,136109],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136101,136102],{"class":50},"second ",[44,136104,55],{"class":54},[44,136106,643],{"class":583},[44,136108,90362],{"class":587},[44,136110,3979],{"class":583},[44,136112,136113,136115,136117,136120,136122,136124,136126,136128],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136114,112],{"class":50},[44,136116,55],{"class":54},[44,136118,136119],{"class":50}," first ",[44,136121,2689],{"class":54},[44,136123,643],{"class":583},[44,136125,643],{"class":583},[44,136127,3082],{"class":54},[44,136129,136130],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,136132,136133],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136134,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136136,136137,136139,136141,136143],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,136138,140],{"class":139},[44,136140,127],{"class":58},[44,136142,145],{"class":123},[44,136144,133],{"class":58},[20,136146,150],{},[35,136148,136150],{"className":37,"code":136149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,136151,136152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136153,136154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136155,136149],{"class":50},[1044,136157,1296,136159,136161],{"id":136158},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136160,133883],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,136163,136165],{"className":37,"code":136164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136166,136167,136209,136229,136233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136168,136169,136171,136173,136175,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185,136188,136190,136192,136194,136197,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136170,4692],{"class":50},[44,136172,55],{"class":54},[44,136174,1954],{"class":58},[44,136176,633],{"class":583},[44,136178,7915],{"class":587},[44,136180,633],{"class":583},[44,136182,66],{"class":58},[44,136184,643],{"class":583},[44,136186,136187],{"class":587},"makes",[44,136189,633],{"class":583},[44,136191,66],{"class":58},[44,136193,643],{"class":583},[44,136195,136196],{"class":587},"this",[44,136198,633],{"class":583},[44,136200,66],{"class":58},[44,136202,643],{"class":583},[44,136204,134382],{"class":587},[44,136206,633],{"class":583},[44,136208,1967],{"class":58},[44,136210,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136212,112],{"class":50},[44,136214,55],{"class":54},[44,136216,643],{"class":583},[44,136218,643],{"class":583},[44,136220,120],{"class":58},[44,136222,133960],{"class":123},[44,136224,127],{"class":58},[44,136226,4734],{"class":123},[44,136228,133],{"class":58},[44,136230,136231],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136232,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136234,136235,136237,136239,136241],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136236,140],{"class":139},[44,136238,127],{"class":58},[44,136240,145],{"class":123},[44,136242,133],{"class":58},[20,136244,150],{},[35,136246,136248],{"className":37,"code":136247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136249,136250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136251,136252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136253,136247],{"class":50},[20,136255,136256,136258],{},[15,136257,133883],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[205,136260,136261,136264,136267],{},[208,136262,136263],{},"You already have a list of strings",[208,136265,136266],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[208,136268,136269,136270,136272],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136271,2689],{}," operators",[20,136274,136275,136276,120],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[176,136277,136279],{"href":136278},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,136281,136283],{"id":136282},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136285,9497,136286,136288],{},[15,136287,133883],{}," is not working, check these first:",[205,136290,136291,136294,136299,136308,136314],{},[208,136292,136293],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[208,136295,136296,136297],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136298,4398],{},[208,136300,136301,136302,11711,136305],{},"You may have written ",[15,136303,136304],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136306,136307],{},"string.join(...)",[208,136309,136310,136311,136313],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136312,133883],{}," to change the original iterable",[208,136315,136316],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136318,95002],{},[35,136320,136322],{"className":37,"code":136321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136323,136324,136338,136348,136372,136412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136325,136326,136328,136330,136332,136334,136336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136327,140],{"class":139},[44,136329,127],{"class":58},[44,136331,549],{"class":548},[44,136333,127],{"class":58},[44,136335,8430],{"class":123},[44,136337,556],{"class":58},[44,136339,136340,136342,136344,136346],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136341,140],{"class":139},[44,136343,127],{"class":58},[44,136345,8430],{"class":123},[44,136347,133],{"class":58},[44,136349,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136351,140],{"class":139},[44,136353,3609],{"class":58},[44,136355,549],{"class":548},[44,136357,127],{"class":58},[44,136359,23928],{"class":123},[44,136361,4281],{"class":58},[44,136363,4497],{"class":4496},[44,136365,6579],{"class":123},[44,136367,4503],{"class":4496},[44,136369,6584],{"class":123},[44,136371,4509],{"class":58},[44,136373,136374,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136375,140],{"class":139},[44,136377,127],{"class":58},[44,136379,590],{"class":583},[44,136381,584],{"class":583},[44,136383,120],{"class":58},[44,136385,133960],{"class":123},[44,136387,3609],{"class":58},[44,136389,590],{"class":583},[44,136391,176],{"class":587},[44,136393,590],{"class":583},[44,136395,66],{"class":58},[44,136397,584],{"class":583},[44,136399,130],{"class":587},[44,136401,590],{"class":583},[44,136403,66],{"class":58},[44,136405,584],{"class":583},[44,136407,431],{"class":587},[44,136409,590],{"class":583},[44,136411,3622],{"class":58},[44,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448,136450],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,136415,140],{"class":139},[44,136417,127],{"class":58},[44,136419,590],{"class":583},[44,136421,2817],{"class":587},[44,136423,590],{"class":583},[44,136425,120],{"class":58},[44,136427,133960],{"class":123},[44,136429,127],{"class":58},[44,136431,40482],{"class":139},[44,136433,127],{"class":58},[44,136435,4064],{"class":548},[44,136437,66],{"class":58},[44,136439,1954],{"class":58},[44,136441,63],{"class":62},[44,136443,66],{"class":58},[44,136445,69],{"class":62},[44,136447,66],{"class":58},[44,136449,74],{"class":62},[44,136451,37887],{"class":58},[20,136453,136454],{},"What these checks do:",[205,136456,136457,136465,136471,136477,136486],{},[208,136458,136459,136462,136463,8718],{},[15,136460,136461],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136464,8430],{},[208,136466,136467,136470],{},[15,136468,136469],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[208,136472,136473,136476],{},[15,136474,136475],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[208,136478,136479,136482,136483,136485],{},[15,136480,136481],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136484,133883],{}," behavior",[208,136487,136488,136491],{},[15,136489,136490],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,136493,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,136495,2482,136497,136499],{"id":136496},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136498,133883],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136501,136502,136503,136505,136506,120],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136504,133883],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136507,136508],{},"map(str, values)",[1044,136510,2482,136512,57788],{"id":136511},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136513,133883],{},[20,136515,136516],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1044,136518,2509,136520,63258],{"id":136519},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136521,133883],{},[20,136523,42775,136524,136526],{},[15,136525,133883],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1044,136528,5760,136530,40583],{"id":136529},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136531,136532],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136534,136535],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1044,136537,136539,136540,136542,136543,1447],{"id":136538},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136541,3628],{}," when using ",[15,136544,133883],{},[20,136546,136547],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,136549,2528],{"id":2527},[205,136551,136552,136557,136563,136569,136575],{},[208,136553,136554],{},[176,136555,136556],{"href":136278},"How to join strings in Python",[208,136558,136559],{},[176,136560,126801,136561,2544],{"href":129488},[15,136562,61154],{},[208,136564,136565],{},[176,136566,4197,136567,4130],{"href":42798},[15,136568,48307],{},[208,136570,136571],{},[176,136572,30966,136573],{"href":135721},[15,136574,135724],{},[208,136576,136577],{},[176,136578,125556],{"href":51600},[20,136580,97965,136581,136583],{},[15,136582,133883],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2554,136585,136586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":136588},[136589,136590,136592,136595,136602,136612,136620,136630,136637,136638,136650],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":134000,"depth":85,"text":136591},"What join() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":136593},[136594],{"id":49633,"depth":109,"text":49634},{"id":122331,"depth":85,"text":122332,"children":136596},[136597,136598,136599,136600],{"id":134347,"depth":109,"text":134348},{"id":134439,"depth":109,"text":134440},{"id":134540,"depth":109,"text":134541},{"id":134649,"depth":109,"text":136601},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134752,"depth":85,"text":134753,"children":136603},[136604,136606,136608,136610],{"id":134759,"depth":109,"text":136605},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134826,"depth":109,"text":136607},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134915,"depth":109,"text":136609},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135001,"depth":109,"text":136611},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135076,"depth":85,"text":135077,"children":136613},[136614,136615,136616,136618],{"id":135085,"depth":109,"text":135086},{"id":135168,"depth":109,"text":135169},{"id":135322,"depth":109,"text":136617},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135494,"depth":109,"text":136619},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135581,"depth":85,"text":136621,"children":136622},"Common errors with join()",[136623,136625,136627,136628],{"id":135590,"depth":109,"text":136624},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135727,"depth":109,"text":136626},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135871,"depth":109,"text":135872},{"id":135946,"depth":109,"text":136629},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136061,"depth":85,"text":136631,"children":136632},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136633,136635],{"id":136076,"depth":109,"text":136634},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136158,"depth":109,"text":136636},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136282,"depth":85,"text":136283},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":136639},[136640,136642,136644,136646,136648],{"id":136496,"depth":109,"text":136641},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136511,"depth":109,"text":136643},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136519,"depth":109,"text":136645},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136529,"depth":109,"text":136647},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136538,"depth":109,"text":136649},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133875,"description":136651},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136658,"title":136659,"body":136660,"description":138228,"extension":2593,"meta":138229,"navigation":364,"path":138230,"seo":138231,"stem":138232,"__hash__":138233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136661,"toc":138195},[136662,136667,136672,136674,136688,136733,136740,136745,136750,136752,136768,136777,136779,136781,136796,136798,136808,136810,136872,136874,136877,136938,136940,136956,136958,136971,136974,137021,137023,137029,137032,137035,137095,137103,137189,137193,137198,137200,137214,137217,137302,137305,137363,137374,137429,137431,137438,137444,137450,137494,137497,137544,137546,137548,137555,137557,137588,137591,137593,137624,137628,137631,137633,137673,137675,137718,137724,137729,137731,137758,137763,137766,137815,137819,137822,137897,137908,137911,137968,137975,137981,137989,137994,138001,138008,138026,138028,138082,138090,138092,138097,138100,138106,138112,138117,138120,138126,138132,138139,138147,138149,138192],[10,136663,123801,136665,18],{"id":136664},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136666,124531],{},[20,136668,123806,136669,136671],{},[15,136670,124531],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136673,24705],{},[205,136675,136676,136679,136682,136685],{},[208,136677,136678],{},"convert text to lowercase",[208,136680,136681],{},"compare text without case differences",[208,136683,136684],{},"clean up user input",[208,136686,136687],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,136689,136691],{"className":37,"code":136690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136692,136693,136706,136720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136694,136695,136697,136699,136701,136704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136696,35307],{"class":50},[44,136698,55],{"class":54},[44,136700,643],{"class":583},[44,136702,136703],{"class":587},"Hello WORLD",[44,136705,3979],{"class":583},[44,136707,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716,136718],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136709,112],{"class":50},[44,136711,55],{"class":54},[44,136713,43465],{"class":50},[44,136715,120],{"class":58},[44,136717,9262],{"class":123},[44,136719,571],{"class":58},[44,136721,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136723,140],{"class":139},[44,136725,127],{"class":58},[44,136727,145],{"class":123},[44,136729,4281],{"class":58},[44,136731,136732],{"class":1992},"  # hello world\n",[20,136734,136735,89585,136737,136739],{},[197,136736,84443],{},[15,136738,124531],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,136741,186,136743,189],{"id":136742},"what-lower-does",[15,136744,124531],{},[20,136746,136747,136749],{},[15,136748,124531],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136751,203],{},[205,136753,136754,136759,136762,136765],{},[208,136755,136756,136758],{},[15,136757,124531],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[208,136760,136761],{},"It works on string objects",[208,136763,136764],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[208,136766,136767],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136769,125553,136770,136774,136775,120],{},[176,136771,136773],{"href":136772},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[176,136776,51601],{"href":51600},[30,136778,234],{"id":233},[20,136780,2787],{},[35,136782,136784],{"className":37,"code":136783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,136785,136786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136787,136788,136790,136792,136794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136789,61797],{"class":50},[44,136791,120],{"class":58},[44,136793,9262],{"class":123},[44,136795,571],{"class":58},[20,136797,448],{},[205,136799,136800,136802,136805],{},[208,136801,98142],{},[208,136803,136804],{},"You call it directly on a string",[208,136806,136807],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136809,295],{},[35,136811,136813],{"className":37,"code":136812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136814,136815,136838,136842,136855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136826,136828,136830,136832,136835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136818,140],{"class":139},[44,136820,127],{"class":58},[44,136822,633],{"class":583},[44,136824,136825],{"class":587},"HELLO",[44,136827,633],{"class":583},[44,136829,120],{"class":58},[44,136831,9262],{"class":123},[44,136833,136834],{"class":58},"())",[44,136836,136837],{"class":1992},"  # hello\n",[44,136839,136840],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136841,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136843,136844,136846,136848,136850,136853],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136845,8497],{"class":50},[44,136847,55],{"class":54},[44,136849,643],{"class":583},[44,136851,136852],{"class":587},"PyThOn",[44,136854,3979],{"class":583},[44,136856,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136858,140],{"class":139},[44,136860,127],{"class":58},[44,136862,8287],{"class":123},[44,136864,120],{"class":58},[44,136866,9262],{"class":123},[44,136868,136834],{"class":58},[44,136870,136871],{"class":1992},"  # python\n",[30,136873,613],{"id":612},[20,136875,136876],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136878,136880],{"className":37,"code":136879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136881,136882,136894,136898,136913,136917,136928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136883,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136885,35307],{"class":50},[44,136887,55],{"class":54},[44,136889,643],{"class":583},[44,136891,136703],{"class":587},[44,136893,3979],{"class":583},[44,136895,136896],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136897,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136899,136900,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,136901,136902],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136904,55],{"class":54},[44,136906,43465],{"class":50},[44,136908,120],{"class":58},[44,136910,9262],{"class":123},[44,136912,571],{"class":58},[44,136914,136915],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,136916,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,136918,136919,136921,136923,136926],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,136920,140],{"class":139},[44,136922,127],{"class":58},[44,136924,136925],{"class":123},"lower_text",[44,136927,133],{"class":58},[44,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,136931,140],{"class":139},[44,136933,127],{"class":58},[44,136935,35328],{"class":123},[44,136937,133],{"class":58},[20,136939,150],{},[35,136941,136943],{"className":37,"code":136942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136944,136945,136949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136946,136947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136948,134817],{"class":50},[44,136950,136951,136953],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136952,132217],{"class":50},[44,136954,136955],{"class":35072},"WORLD\n",[20,136957,25225],{},[205,136959,136960,136965],{},[208,136961,136962,136964],{},[15,136963,124531],{}," returns the lowercase result",[208,136966,136967,136968,136970],{},"the original ",[15,136969,35328],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136972,136973],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136975,136977],{"className":37,"code":136976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136978,136979,136991,137005,137009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136980,136981,136983,136985,136987,136989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136982,35307],{"class":50},[44,136984,55],{"class":54},[44,136986,643],{"class":583},[44,136988,136703],{"class":587},[44,136990,3979],{"class":583},[44,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001,137003],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,136994,35307],{"class":50},[44,136996,55],{"class":54},[44,136998,43465],{"class":50},[44,137000,120],{"class":58},[44,137002,9262],{"class":123},[44,137004,571],{"class":58},[44,137006,137007],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137008,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137010,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137012,140],{"class":139},[44,137014,127],{"class":58},[44,137016,35328],{"class":123},[44,137018,4281],{"class":58},[44,137020,136732],{"class":1992},[30,137022,437],{"id":436},[20,137024,137025,22593,137027,120],{},[15,137026,124531],{},[197,137028,61797],{},[20,137030,137031],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137033,137034],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,137036,137038],{"className":37,"code":137037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137039,137040,137054,137058,137081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137041,137042,137045,137047,137049,137052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137043,137044],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,137046,55],{"class":54},[44,137048,643],{"class":583},[44,137050,137051],{"class":587},"YES",[44,137053,3979],{"class":583},[44,137055,137056],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137057,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137059,137060,137062,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077,137079],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137061,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137063,137064],{"class":50}," answer",[44,137066,120],{"class":58},[44,137068,9262],{"class":123},[44,137070,7984],{"class":58},[44,137072,7026],{"class":54},[44,137074,643],{"class":583},[44,137076,9279],{"class":587},[44,137078,633],{"class":583},[44,137080,7011],{"class":58},[44,137082,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137084,8690],{"class":139},[44,137086,127],{"class":58},[44,137088,633],{"class":583},[44,137090,97452],{"class":587},[44,137092,633],{"class":583},[44,137094,133],{"class":58},[20,137096,137097,137098,1598],{},"This is especially useful with ",[176,137099,137100,137101,2930],{"href":8841},"the ",[15,137102,3581],{},[35,137104,137106],{"className":37,"code":137105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137107,137108,137127,137131,137153,137168,137174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120,137123,137125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137111,137044],{"class":50},[44,137113,55],{"class":54},[44,137115,8864],{"class":139},[44,137117,127],{"class":58},[44,137119,633],{"class":583},[44,137121,137122],{"class":587},"Type yes or no: ",[44,137124,633],{"class":583},[44,137126,133],{"class":58},[44,137128,137129],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137130,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137132,137133,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137134,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137136,137064],{"class":50},[44,137138,120],{"class":58},[44,137140,9262],{"class":123},[44,137142,7984],{"class":58},[44,137144,7026],{"class":54},[44,137146,643],{"class":583},[44,137148,9279],{"class":587},[44,137150,633],{"class":583},[44,137152,7011],{"class":58},[44,137154,137155,137157,137159,137161,137164,137166],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137156,8690],{"class":139},[44,137158,127],{"class":58},[44,137160,633],{"class":583},[44,137162,137163],{"class":587},"You typed yes",[44,137165,633],{"class":583},[44,137167,133],{"class":58},[44,137169,137170,137172],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,137171,28053],{"class":4496},[44,137173,7011],{"class":58},[44,137175,137176,137178,137180,137182,137185,137187],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,137177,8690],{"class":139},[44,137179,127],{"class":58},[44,137181,633],{"class":583},[44,137183,137184],{"class":587},"You typed something else",[44,137186,633],{"class":583},[44,137188,133],{"class":58},[30,137190,137192],{"id":137191},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137194,137195,137197],{},[15,137196,124531],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137199,7961],{},[205,137201,137202,137205,137208,137211],{},[208,137203,137204],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[208,137206,137207],{},"Make text matching easier",[208,137209,137210],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[208,137212,137213],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137215,137216],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,137218,137220],{"className":37,"code":137219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137221,137222,137240,137244,137266,137281,137287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137223,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137225,45581],{"class":50},[44,137227,55],{"class":54},[44,137229,8864],{"class":139},[44,137231,127],{"class":58},[44,137233,633],{"class":583},[44,137235,45592],{"class":587},[44,137237,633],{"class":583},[44,137239,133],{"class":58},[44,137241,137242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137243,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137247,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137249,36472],{"class":50},[44,137251,120],{"class":58},[44,137253,9262],{"class":123},[44,137255,7984],{"class":58},[44,137257,7026],{"class":54},[44,137259,643],{"class":583},[44,137261,13726],{"class":587},[44,137263,633],{"class":583},[44,137265,7011],{"class":58},[44,137267,137268,137270,137272,137274,137277,137279],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137269,8690],{"class":139},[44,137271,127],{"class":58},[44,137273,633],{"class":583},[44,137275,137276],{"class":587},"Nice choice!",[44,137278,633],{"class":583},[44,137280,133],{"class":58},[44,137282,137283,137285],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,137284,28053],{"class":4496},[44,137286,7011],{"class":58},[44,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295,137298,137300],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,137290,8690],{"class":139},[44,137292,127],{"class":58},[44,137294,633],{"class":583},[44,137296,137297],{"class":587},"Got it.",[44,137299,633],{"class":583},[44,137301,133],{"class":58},[20,137303,137304],{},"Example: simple search",[35,137306,137308],{"className":37,"code":137307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137309,137310,137323,137327,137348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137311,137312,137314,137316,137318,137321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137313,90629],{"class":50},[44,137315,55],{"class":54},[44,137317,643],{"class":583},[44,137319,137320],{"class":587},"Python Is Fun",[44,137322,3979],{"class":583},[44,137324,137325],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137326,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137328,137329,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137342,137344,137346],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137330,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137332,643],{"class":583},[44,137334,39],{"class":587},[44,137336,633],{"class":583},[44,137338,21792],{"class":54},[44,137340,137341],{"class":50}," message",[44,137343,120],{"class":58},[44,137345,9262],{"class":123},[44,137347,22213],{"class":58},[44,137349,137350,137352,137354,137356,137359,137361],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137351,8690],{"class":139},[44,137353,127],{"class":58},[44,137355,633],{"class":583},[44,137357,137358],{"class":587},"Found it",[44,137360,633],{"class":583},[44,137362,133],{"class":58},[20,137364,137365,137366,137368,137369,1598],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137367,124531],{}," is often used with ",[176,137370,137372],{"href":137371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137373,42276],{},[35,137375,137377],{"className":37,"code":137376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137378,137379,137392,137411,137415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137380,137381,137383,137385,137387,137390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137382,8497],{"class":50},[44,137384,55],{"class":54},[44,137386,643],{"class":583},[44,137388,137389],{"class":587},"  ALICE  ",[44,137391,3979],{"class":583},[44,137393,137394,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137395,137396],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,137398,55],{"class":54},[44,137400,36613],{"class":50},[44,137402,120],{"class":58},[44,137404,9256],{"class":123},[44,137406,9259],{"class":58},[44,137408,9262],{"class":123},[44,137410,571],{"class":58},[44,137412,137413],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137414,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137416,137417,137419,137421,137424,137426],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137418,140],{"class":139},[44,137420,127],{"class":58},[44,137422,137423],{"class":123},"clean_name",[44,137425,4281],{"class":58},[44,137427,137428],{"class":1992},"  # alice\n",[30,137430,16215],{"id":16214},[20,137432,137433,137434,137437],{},"Strings are ",[197,137435,137436],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137439,137440,137441,137443],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137442,124531],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137445,137446,137447,137449],{},"So this does ",[197,137448,199],{}," update the original variable:",[35,137451,137453],{"className":37,"code":137452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137454,137455,137467,137477,137481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137456,137457,137459,137461,137463,137465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137458,35307],{"class":50},[44,137460,55],{"class":54},[44,137462,643],{"class":583},[44,137464,136825],{"class":587},[44,137466,3979],{"class":583},[44,137468,137469,137471,137473,137475],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137470,35328],{"class":50},[44,137472,120],{"class":58},[44,137474,9262],{"class":123},[44,137476,571],{"class":58},[44,137478,137479],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137480,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137484,140],{"class":139},[44,137486,127],{"class":58},[44,137488,35328],{"class":123},[44,137490,4281],{"class":58},[44,137492,137493],{"class":1992},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137495,137496],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,137498,137500],{"className":37,"code":137499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137501,137502,137514,137528,137532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137503,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137505,35307],{"class":50},[44,137507,55],{"class":54},[44,137509,643],{"class":583},[44,137511,136825],{"class":587},[44,137513,3979],{"class":583},[44,137515,137516,137518,137520,137522,137524,137526],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137517,35307],{"class":50},[44,137519,55],{"class":54},[44,137521,43465],{"class":50},[44,137523,120],{"class":58},[44,137525,9262],{"class":123},[44,137527,571],{"class":58},[44,137529,137530],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137531,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137533,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137535,140],{"class":139},[44,137537,127],{"class":58},[44,137539,35328],{"class":123},[44,137541,4281],{"class":58},[44,137543,136837],{"class":1992},[30,137545,3454],{"id":3453},[1044,137547,26306],{"id":26305},[20,137549,137550,137551,11711,137553,120],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137552,9262],{},[15,137554,124531],{},[20,137556,17262],{},[35,137558,137560],{"className":37,"code":137559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137561,137562,137574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137563,137564,137566,137568,137570,137572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137565,35307],{"class":50},[44,137567,55],{"class":54},[44,137569,643],{"class":583},[44,137571,136825],{"class":587},[44,137573,3979],{"class":583},[44,137575,137576,137578,137580,137582,137584,137586],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137577,140],{"class":139},[44,137579,127],{"class":58},[44,137581,35328],{"class":123},[44,137583,120],{"class":58},[44,137585,9262],{"class":25368},[44,137587,133],{"class":58},[20,137589,137590],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137592,17274],{},[35,137594,137596],{"className":37,"code":137595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137597,137598,137610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137599,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137601,35307],{"class":50},[44,137603,55],{"class":54},[44,137605,643],{"class":583},[44,137607,136825],{"class":587},[44,137609,3979],{"class":583},[44,137611,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137613,140],{"class":139},[44,137615,127],{"class":58},[44,137617,35328],{"class":123},[44,137619,120],{"class":58},[44,137621,9262],{"class":123},[44,137623,7812],{"class":58},[1044,137625,137627],{"id":137626},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137629,137630],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137632,17262],{},[35,137634,137636],{"className":37,"code":137635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137637,137638,137650,137660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137639,137640,137642,137644,137646,137648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137641,35307],{"class":50},[44,137643,55],{"class":54},[44,137645,643],{"class":583},[44,137647,136825],{"class":587},[44,137649,3979],{"class":583},[44,137651,137652,137654,137656,137658],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137653,35328],{"class":50},[44,137655,120],{"class":58},[44,137657,9262],{"class":123},[44,137659,571],{"class":58},[44,137661,137662,137664,137666,137668,137670],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137663,140],{"class":139},[44,137665,127],{"class":58},[44,137667,35328],{"class":123},[44,137669,4281],{"class":58},[44,137671,137672],{"class":1992},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137674,17274],{},[35,137676,137678],{"className":37,"code":137677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137679,137680,137692,137706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137681,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137683,35307],{"class":50},[44,137685,55],{"class":54},[44,137687,643],{"class":583},[44,137689,136825],{"class":587},[44,137691,3979],{"class":583},[44,137693,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702,137704],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137695,35307],{"class":50},[44,137697,55],{"class":54},[44,137699,43465],{"class":50},[44,137701,120],{"class":58},[44,137703,9262],{"class":123},[44,137705,571],{"class":58},[44,137707,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137709,140],{"class":139},[44,137711,127],{"class":58},[44,137713,35328],{"class":123},[44,137715,4281],{"class":58},[44,137717,136837],{"class":1992},[1044,137719,863,137721,137723],{"id":137720},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137722,124531],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137725,137726,137728],{},[15,137727,124531],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137730,17262],{},[35,137732,137734],{"className":37,"code":137733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137735,137736,137744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137737,137738,137740,137742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137739,2845],{"class":50},[44,137741,55],{"class":54},[44,137743,125483],{"class":62},[44,137745,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137747,140],{"class":139},[44,137749,127],{"class":58},[44,137751,2867],{"class":123},[44,137753,120],{"class":58},[44,137755,9262],{"class":123},[44,137757,7812],{"class":58},[20,137759,137760,137761,1305],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137762,124531],{},[20,137764,137765],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,137767,137769],{"className":37,"code":137768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137770,137771,137783,137787,137801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137772,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137774,35307],{"class":50},[44,137776,55],{"class":54},[44,137778,643],{"class":583},[44,137780,136825],{"class":587},[44,137782,3979],{"class":583},[44,137784,137785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137786,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137788,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137790,140],{"class":139},[44,137792,127],{"class":58},[44,137794,549],{"class":548},[44,137796,127],{"class":58},[44,137798,35328],{"class":123},[44,137800,556],{"class":58},[44,137802,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137804,140],{"class":139},[44,137806,127],{"class":58},[44,137808,35328],{"class":123},[44,137810,120],{"class":58},[44,137812,9262],{"class":123},[44,137814,7812],{"class":58},[1044,137816,137818],{"id":137817},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137820,137821],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137823,137825],{"className":37,"code":137824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137826,137827,137840,137844,137861,137876,137882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137828,137829,137831,137833,137835,137838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137830,137044],{"class":50},[44,137832,55],{"class":54},[44,137834,643],{"class":583},[44,137836,137837],{"class":587},"Yes",[44,137839,3979],{"class":583},[44,137841,137842],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137843,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137845,137846,137848,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137847,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137849,137850],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137852,5305],{"class":54},[44,137854,643],{"class":583},[44,137856,9279],{"class":587},[44,137858,633],{"class":583},[44,137860,7011],{"class":58},[44,137862,137863,137865,137867,137869,137872,137874],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137864,8690],{"class":139},[44,137866,127],{"class":58},[44,137868,633],{"class":583},[44,137870,137871],{"class":587},"Match",[44,137873,633],{"class":583},[44,137875,133],{"class":58},[44,137877,137878,137880],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,137879,28053],{"class":4496},[44,137881,7011],{"class":58},[44,137883,137884,137886,137888,137890,137893,137895],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,137885,8690],{"class":139},[44,137887,127],{"class":58},[44,137889,633],{"class":583},[44,137891,137892],{"class":587},"No match",[44,137894,633],{"class":583},[44,137896,133],{"class":58},[20,137898,29680,137899,2495,137902,137905,137906,120],{},[15,137900,137901],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137903,137904],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137907,137892],{},[20,137909,137910],{},"Better:",[35,137912,137914],{"className":37,"code":137913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137915,137916,137928,137932,137954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137919,137044],{"class":50},[44,137921,55],{"class":54},[44,137923,643],{"class":583},[44,137925,137837],{"class":587},[44,137927,3979],{"class":583},[44,137929,137930],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,137931,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,137935,7615],{"class":4496},[44,137937,137064],{"class":50},[44,137939,120],{"class":58},[44,137941,9262],{"class":123},[44,137943,7984],{"class":58},[44,137945,7026],{"class":54},[44,137947,643],{"class":583},[44,137949,9279],{"class":587},[44,137951,633],{"class":583},[44,137953,7011],{"class":58},[44,137955,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,137957,8690],{"class":139},[44,137959,127],{"class":58},[44,137961,633],{"class":583},[44,137963,137871],{"class":587},[44,137965,633],{"class":583},[44,137967,133],{"class":58},[1044,137969,44836,137971,137974],{"id":137970},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137972,137973],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137976,137977,137978,137980],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137979,124531],{}," is enough.",[20,137982,137983,137984,137986,137987,120],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137985,137973],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137988,124531],{},[20,137990,137991,137992,123043],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137993,124531],{},[30,137995,137997,1036,137999],{"id":137996},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137998,124531],{},[15,138000,128679],{},[20,138002,138003,2495,138005,138007],{},[15,138004,124531],{},[15,138006,128679],{}," are very similar.",[205,138009,138010,138015,138020,138023],{},[208,138011,138012,138014],{},[15,138013,124531],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[208,138016,138017,138019],{},[15,138018,128679],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[208,138021,138022],{},"Both return new strings",[208,138024,138025],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138027,295],{},[35,138029,138031],{"className":37,"code":138030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138032,138033,138045,138049,138065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138034,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138036,35307],{"class":50},[44,138038,55],{"class":54},[44,138040,643],{"class":583},[44,138042,129520],{"class":587},[44,138044,3979],{"class":583},[44,138046,138047],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138048,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138050,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138052,140],{"class":139},[44,138054,127],{"class":58},[44,138056,35328],{"class":123},[44,138058,120],{"class":58},[44,138060,9262],{"class":123},[44,138062,136834],{"class":58},[44,138064,136732],{"class":1992},[44,138066,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138068,140],{"class":139},[44,138070,127],{"class":58},[44,138072,35328],{"class":123},[44,138074,120],{"class":58},[44,138076,35097],{"class":123},[44,138078,136834],{"class":58},[44,138080,138081],{"class":1992},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138083,138084,138085,120],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[176,138086,126801,138088,2544],{"href":138087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138089,128679],{},[30,138091,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,138093,2482,138095,125128],{"id":138094},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138096,124531],{},[20,138098,138099],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1044,138101,2482,138103,138105],{"id":138102},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138104,124531],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138107,138108,138109,120],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138110,138111],{},"string.lower()",[1044,138113,5760,138115,13332],{"id":138114},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138116,124531],{},[20,138118,138119],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1044,138121,2509,138123,138125],{"id":138122},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138124,124531],{}," on user input?",[20,138127,138128,138129,138131],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138130,3581],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1044,138133,2492,138135,2495,138137,1447],{"id":138134},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138136,124531],{},[15,138138,137973],{},[20,138140,138141,138143,138144,138146],{},[15,138142,124531],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138145,137973],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,138148,2528],{"id":2527},[205,138150,138151,138155,138161,138167,138173,138177,138181,138187],{},[208,138152,138153],{},[176,138154,51601],{"href":51600},[208,138156,138157],{},[176,138158,126801,138159,2544],{"href":138087},[15,138160,128679],{},[208,138162,138163],{},[176,138164,126801,138165,2544],{"href":137371},[15,138166,42276],{},[208,138168,138169],{},[176,138170,126801,138171,2544],{"href":130382},[15,138172,124972],{},[208,138174,138175],{},[176,138176,125200],{"href":124056},[208,138178,138179],{},[176,138180,91305],{"href":90314},[208,138182,138183],{},[176,138184,4197,138185,4130],{"href":8841},[15,138186,3581],{},[208,138188,138189],{},[176,138190,138191],{"href":136772},"What is a string in Python?",[2554,138193,138194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":138196},[138197,138199,138200,138201,138202,138203,138204,138213,138215,138227],{"id":136742,"depth":85,"text":138198},"What lower() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":137191,"depth":85,"text":137192},{"id":16214,"depth":85,"text":16215},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":138205},[138206,138207,138208,138210,138211],{"id":26305,"depth":109,"text":26306},{"id":137626,"depth":109,"text":137627},{"id":137720,"depth":109,"text":138209},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137817,"depth":109,"text":137818},{"id":137970,"depth":109,"text":138212},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137996,"depth":85,"text":138214},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":138216},[138217,138219,138221,138223,138225],{"id":138094,"depth":109,"text":138218},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138102,"depth":109,"text":138220},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138114,"depth":109,"text":138222},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138122,"depth":109,"text":138224},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138134,"depth":109,"text":138226},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136659,"description":138228},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138235,"title":138236,"body":138237,"description":139787,"extension":2593,"meta":139788,"navigation":364,"path":139789,"seo":139790,"stem":139791,"__hash__":139792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138238,"toc":139748},[138239,138244,138249,138255,138270,138272,138332,138334,138343,138349,138354,138359,138361,138375,138379,138381,138428,138430,138448,138450,138453,138524,138526,138540,138543,138555,138564,138568,138573,138578,138582,138648,138650,138659,138663,138728,138730,138739,138742,138747,138751,138756,138760,138821,138823,138832,138836,138839,138895,138897,138906,138909,138922,138924,138928,138935,138997,138999,139012,139018,139021,139028,139033,139038,139041,139049,139051,139112,139114,139123,139126,139173,139176,139223,139225,139230,139247,139254,139259,139312,139314,139322,139324,139381,139383,139391,139395,139442,139444,139452,139460,139464,139512,139514,139523,139528,139579,139581,139590,139597,139600,139621,139623,139628,139631,139635,139638,139642,139645,139672,139678,139681,139708,139713,139715,139717,139745],[10,138240,123801,138242,18],{"id":138241},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138243,124972],{},[20,138245,123806,138246,138248],{},[15,138247,124972],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138250,138251,138252,138254],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138253,124972],{},". You will learn:",[205,138256,138257,138261,138264,138267],{},[208,138258,26638,138259,189],{},[15,138260,124972],{},[208,138262,138263],{},"how its syntax works",[208,138265,138266],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[208,138268,138269],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,138271,2634],{"id":2633},[35,138273,138275],{"className":37,"code":138274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138276,138277,138290,138322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138278,138279,138281,138283,138285,138288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138280,35307],{"class":50},[44,138282,55],{"class":54},[44,138284,643],{"class":583},[44,138286,138287],{"class":587},"I like cats",[44,138289,3979],{"class":583},[44,138291,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138309,138311,138313,138315,138318,138320],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138293,130640],{"class":50},[44,138295,55],{"class":54},[44,138297,43465],{"class":50},[44,138299,120],{"class":58},[44,138301,35619],{"class":123},[44,138303,127],{"class":58},[44,138305,633],{"class":583},[44,138307,138308],{"class":587},"cats",[44,138310,633],{"class":583},[44,138312,66],{"class":58},[44,138314,643],{"class":583},[44,138316,138317],{"class":587},"dogs",[44,138319,633],{"class":583},[44,138321,133],{"class":58},[44,138323,138324,138326,138328,138330],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138325,140],{"class":139},[44,138327,127],{"class":58},[44,138329,130671],{"class":123},[44,138331,133],{"class":58},[20,138333,150],{},[35,138335,138337],{"className":37,"code":138336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,138338,138339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138340,138341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138342,138336],{"class":50},[20,138344,1296,138345,138348],{},[15,138346,138347],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,138350,186,138352,189],{"id":138351},"what-replace-does",[15,138353,124972],{},[20,138355,138356,138358],{},[15,138357,124972],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138360,203],{},[205,138362,138363,138365,138367,138370],{},[208,138364,134049],{},[208,138366,136767],{},[208,138368,138369],{},"It works on exact matches",[208,138371,138372,138373],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138374,41882],{},[20,138376,125553,138377,120],{},[176,138378,125556],{"href":51600},[30,138380,6049],{"id":6048},[35,138382,138384],{"className":37,"code":138383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138385,138386,138406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138387,138388,138390,138392,138394,138396,138399,138401,138404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138389,61797],{"class":50},[44,138391,120],{"class":58},[44,138393,35619],{"class":123},[44,138395,127],{"class":58},[44,138397,138398],{"class":123},"old",[44,138400,66],{"class":58},[44,138402,138403],{"class":123}," new",[44,138405,133],{"class":58},[44,138407,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138409,61797],{"class":50},[44,138411,120],{"class":58},[44,138413,35619],{"class":123},[44,138415,127],{"class":58},[44,138417,138398],{"class":123},[44,138419,66],{"class":58},[44,138421,138403],{"class":123},[44,138423,66],{"class":58},[44,138425,50226],{"class":123},[44,138427,133],{"class":58},[1044,138429,18014],{"id":18013},[205,138431,138432,138437,138443],{},[208,138433,138434,138436],{},[15,138435,138398],{}," = the text to find",[208,138438,138439,138442],{},[15,138440,138441],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[208,138444,138445,138447],{},[15,138446,41882],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,138449,6405],{"id":6404},[20,138451,138452],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,138454,138456],{"className":37,"code":138455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138457,138458,138470,138500,138504,138514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138459,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138461,35307],{"class":50},[44,138463,55],{"class":54},[44,138465,643],{"class":583},[44,138467,138287],{"class":587},[44,138469,3979],{"class":583},[44,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138473,130640],{"class":50},[44,138475,55],{"class":54},[44,138477,43465],{"class":50},[44,138479,120],{"class":58},[44,138481,35619],{"class":123},[44,138483,127],{"class":58},[44,138485,633],{"class":583},[44,138487,138308],{"class":587},[44,138489,633],{"class":583},[44,138491,66],{"class":58},[44,138493,643],{"class":583},[44,138495,138317],{"class":587},[44,138497,633],{"class":583},[44,138499,133],{"class":58},[44,138501,138502],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138503,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138505,138506,138508,138510,138512],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138507,140],{"class":139},[44,138509,127],{"class":58},[44,138511,35328],{"class":123},[44,138513,133],{"class":58},[44,138515,138516,138518,138520,138522],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,138517,140],{"class":139},[44,138519,127],{"class":58},[44,138521,130671],{"class":123},[44,138523,133],{"class":58},[20,138525,150],{},[35,138527,138529],{"className":37,"code":138528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138530,138531,138536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138532,138533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138534,138535],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,138537,138538],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138539,138336],{"class":50},[20,138541,138542],{},"Notice what happened:",[205,138544,138545,138550],{},[208,138546,138547,138549],{},[15,138548,35328],{}," did not change",[208,138551,138552,138554],{},[15,138553,130671],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138556,138557,138558,138560,138561,138563],{},"This happens because strings are ",[197,138559,137436],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138562,124972],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,138565,138567],{"id":138566},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138569,90323,138570,138572],{},[15,138571,124972],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138574,138575,138576,37244],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138577,41882],{},[1044,138579,138581],{"id":138580},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,138583,138585],{"className":37,"code":138584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138586,138587,138600,138634,138638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138588,138589,138591,138593,138595,138598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138590,35307],{"class":50},[44,138592,55],{"class":54},[44,138594,643],{"class":583},[44,138596,138597],{"class":587},"cat cat cat",[44,138599,3979],{"class":583},[44,138601,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138603,112],{"class":50},[44,138605,55],{"class":54},[44,138607,43465],{"class":50},[44,138609,120],{"class":58},[44,138611,35619],{"class":123},[44,138613,127],{"class":58},[44,138615,633],{"class":583},[44,138617,2122],{"class":587},[44,138619,633],{"class":583},[44,138621,66],{"class":58},[44,138623,643],{"class":583},[44,138625,2131],{"class":587},[44,138627,633],{"class":583},[44,138629,66],{"class":58},[44,138631,2212],{"class":62},[44,138633,133],{"class":58},[44,138635,138636],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138637,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138641,140],{"class":139},[44,138643,127],{"class":58},[44,138645,145],{"class":123},[44,138647,133],{"class":58},[20,138649,150],{},[35,138651,138653],{"className":37,"code":138652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138654,138655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138656,138657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138658,138652],{"class":50},[1044,138660,138662],{"id":138661},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,138664,138666],{"className":37,"code":138665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138667,138668,138680,138714,138718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138669,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138671,35307],{"class":50},[44,138673,55],{"class":54},[44,138675,643],{"class":583},[44,138677,138597],{"class":587},[44,138679,3979],{"class":583},[44,138681,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138683,112],{"class":50},[44,138685,55],{"class":54},[44,138687,43465],{"class":50},[44,138689,120],{"class":58},[44,138691,35619],{"class":123},[44,138693,127],{"class":58},[44,138695,633],{"class":583},[44,138697,2122],{"class":587},[44,138699,633],{"class":583},[44,138701,66],{"class":58},[44,138703,643],{"class":583},[44,138705,2131],{"class":587},[44,138707,633],{"class":583},[44,138709,66],{"class":58},[44,138711,69],{"class":62},[44,138713,133],{"class":58},[44,138715,138716],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138717,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138719,138720,138722,138724,138726],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138721,140],{"class":139},[44,138723,127],{"class":58},[44,138725,145],{"class":123},[44,138727,133],{"class":58},[20,138729,150],{},[35,138731,138733],{"className":37,"code":138732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138734,138735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138736,138737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138738,138732],{"class":50},[20,138740,138741],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138743,138744,138745,120],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[176,138746,128525],{"href":124969},[30,138748,138750],{"id":138749},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138752,138753,138755],{},[15,138754,124972],{}," can also change single characters.",[1044,138757,138759],{"id":138758},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,138761,138763],{"className":37,"code":138762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138764,138765,138777,138807,138811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138766,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138768,35307],{"class":50},[44,138770,55],{"class":54},[44,138772,643],{"class":583},[44,138774,646],{"class":587},[44,138776,3979],{"class":583},[44,138778,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138780,112],{"class":50},[44,138782,55],{"class":54},[44,138784,43465],{"class":50},[44,138786,120],{"class":58},[44,138788,35619],{"class":123},[44,138790,127],{"class":58},[44,138792,633],{"class":583},[44,138794,176],{"class":587},[44,138796,633],{"class":583},[44,138798,66],{"class":58},[44,138800,643],{"class":583},[44,138802,61096],{"class":587},[44,138804,633],{"class":583},[44,138806,133],{"class":58},[44,138808,138809],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138810,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138812,138813,138815,138817,138819],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138814,140],{"class":139},[44,138816,127],{"class":58},[44,138818,145],{"class":123},[44,138820,133],{"class":58},[20,138822,150],{},[35,138824,138826],{"className":37,"code":138825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138827,138828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138829,138830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138831,138825],{"class":50},[1044,138833,138835],{"id":138834},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138837,138838],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138840,138842],{"className":37,"code":138841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138843,138844,138857,138881,138885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852,138855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138847,35307],{"class":50},[44,138849,55],{"class":54},[44,138851,643],{"class":583},[44,138853,138854],{"class":587},"a b c",[44,138856,3979],{"class":583},[44,138858,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138860,112],{"class":50},[44,138862,55],{"class":54},[44,138864,43465],{"class":50},[44,138866,120],{"class":58},[44,138868,35619],{"class":123},[44,138870,127],{"class":58},[44,138872,633],{"class":583},[44,138874,643],{"class":583},[44,138876,66],{"class":58},[44,138878,6744],{"class":583},[44,138880,133],{"class":58},[44,138882,138883],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138884,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138886,138887,138889,138891,138893],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138888,140],{"class":139},[44,138890,127],{"class":58},[44,138892,145],{"class":123},[44,138894,133],{"class":58},[20,138896,150],{},[35,138898,138900],{"className":37,"code":138899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138901,138902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138903,138904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138905,138899],{"class":50},[20,138907,138908],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138910,138911,138912,138916,138917,138921],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[176,138913,126801,138914,2544],{"href":129488},[15,138915,61154],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[176,138918,126801,138919,2544],{"href":137371},[15,138920,42276],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138923,124448],{"id":124447},[20,138925,138926,124259],{},[15,138927,124972],{},[20,138929,127846,138930,2495,138932,127853],{},[15,138931,113485],{},[15,138933,138934],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138936,138938],{"className":37,"code":138937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138939,138940,138953,138983,138987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138941,138942,138944,138946,138948,138951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138943,35307],{"class":50},[44,138945,55],{"class":54},[44,138947,643],{"class":583},[44,138949,138950],{"class":587},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138952,3979],{"class":583},[44,138954,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,138956,112],{"class":50},[44,138958,55],{"class":54},[44,138960,43465],{"class":50},[44,138962,120],{"class":58},[44,138964,35619],{"class":123},[44,138966,127],{"class":58},[44,138968,633],{"class":583},[44,138970,2122],{"class":587},[44,138972,633],{"class":583},[44,138974,66],{"class":58},[44,138976,643],{"class":583},[44,138978,2131],{"class":587},[44,138980,633],{"class":583},[44,138982,133],{"class":58},[44,138984,138985],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,138986,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,138988,138989,138991,138993,138995],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,138990,140],{"class":139},[44,138992,127],{"class":58},[44,138994,145],{"class":123},[44,138996,133],{"class":58},[20,138998,150],{},[35,139000,139002],{"className":37,"code":139001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139003,139004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139005,139006,139009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139007,139008],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,139010,139011],{"class":35072},"CAT\n",[20,139013,139014,139015,139017],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139016,113485],{}," was replaced.",[20,139019,139020],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139022,139023,139024,120],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[176,139025,126801,139026,2544],{"href":124528},[15,139027,124531],{},[30,139029,186,139031,12321],{"id":139030},"what-replace-returns",[15,139032,124972],{},[20,139034,139035,139037],{},[15,139036,124972],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139039,139040],{},"If no match is found:",[205,139042,139043,139046],{},[208,139044,139045],{},"no error happens",[208,139047,139048],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139050,295],{},[35,139052,139054],{"className":37,"code":139053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139055,139056,139068,139098,139102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139057,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139059,35307],{"class":50},[44,139061,55],{"class":54},[44,139063,643],{"class":583},[44,139065,4464],{"class":587},[44,139067,3979],{"class":583},[44,139069,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139071,112],{"class":50},[44,139073,55],{"class":54},[44,139075,43465],{"class":50},[44,139077,120],{"class":58},[44,139079,35619],{"class":123},[44,139081,127],{"class":58},[44,139083,633],{"class":583},[44,139085,2801],{"class":587},[44,139087,633],{"class":583},[44,139089,66],{"class":58},[44,139091,643],{"class":583},[44,139093,12361],{"class":587},[44,139095,633],{"class":583},[44,139097,133],{"class":58},[44,139099,139100],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,139101,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,139103,139104,139106,139108,139110],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,139105,140],{"class":139},[44,139107,127],{"class":58},[44,139109,145],{"class":123},[44,139111,133],{"class":58},[20,139113,150],{},[35,139115,139117],{"className":37,"code":139116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,139118,139119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139120,139121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139122,139116],{"class":50},[20,139124,139125],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,139127,139129],{"className":37,"code":139128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139130,139131,139143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139132,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139134,35307],{"class":50},[44,139136,55],{"class":54},[44,139138,643],{"class":583},[44,139140,61029],{"class":587},[44,139142,3979],{"class":583},[44,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139146,130640],{"class":50},[44,139148,55],{"class":54},[44,139150,43465],{"class":50},[44,139152,120],{"class":58},[44,139154,35619],{"class":123},[44,139156,127],{"class":58},[44,139158,633],{"class":583},[44,139160,61214],{"class":587},[44,139162,633],{"class":583},[44,139164,66],{"class":58},[44,139166,643],{"class":583},[44,139168,7915],{"class":587},[44,139170,633],{"class":583},[44,139172,133],{"class":58},[20,139174,139175],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,139177,139179],{"className":37,"code":139178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139180,139181,139193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139182,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139184,35307],{"class":50},[44,139186,55],{"class":54},[44,139188,643],{"class":583},[44,139190,61029],{"class":587},[44,139192,3979],{"class":583},[44,139194,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139196,35307],{"class":50},[44,139198,55],{"class":54},[44,139200,43465],{"class":50},[44,139202,120],{"class":58},[44,139204,35619],{"class":123},[44,139206,127],{"class":58},[44,139208,633],{"class":583},[44,139210,61214],{"class":587},[44,139212,633],{"class":583},[44,139214,66],{"class":58},[44,139216,643],{"class":583},[44,139218,7915],{"class":587},[44,139220,633],{"class":583},[44,139222,133],{"class":58},[30,139224,1580],{"id":1579},[20,139226,139227,139228,1598],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139229,124972],{},[205,139231,139232,139235,139239,139242],{},[208,139233,139234],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[208,139236,9075,139237,132021],{},[15,139238,124972],{},[208,139240,139241],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[208,139243,37826,139244,139246],{},[15,139245,124972],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1044,139248,139250,139251,139253],{"id":139249},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139252,124972],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139255,139256,139257,1598],{},"This does not update ",[15,139258,35328],{},[35,139260,139262],{"className":37,"code":139261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139263,139264,139276,139302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139265,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139267,35307],{"class":50},[44,139269,55],{"class":54},[44,139271,643],{"class":583},[44,139273,138287],{"class":587},[44,139275,3979],{"class":583},[44,139277,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139279,35328],{"class":50},[44,139281,120],{"class":58},[44,139283,35619],{"class":123},[44,139285,127],{"class":58},[44,139287,633],{"class":583},[44,139289,138308],{"class":587},[44,139291,633],{"class":583},[44,139293,66],{"class":58},[44,139295,643],{"class":583},[44,139297,138317],{"class":587},[44,139299,633],{"class":583},[44,139301,133],{"class":58},[44,139303,139304,139306,139308,139310],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,139305,140],{"class":139},[44,139307,127],{"class":58},[44,139309,35328],{"class":123},[44,139311,133],{"class":58},[20,139313,150],{},[35,139315,139316],{"className":37,"code":138535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139317,139318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139319,139320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139321,138535],{"class":50},[20,139323,11426],{},[35,139325,139327],{"className":37,"code":139326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139328,139329,139341,139371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139330,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139332,35307],{"class":50},[44,139334,55],{"class":54},[44,139336,643],{"class":583},[44,139338,138287],{"class":587},[44,139340,3979],{"class":583},[44,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139344,35307],{"class":50},[44,139346,55],{"class":54},[44,139348,43465],{"class":50},[44,139350,120],{"class":58},[44,139352,35619],{"class":123},[44,139354,127],{"class":58},[44,139356,633],{"class":583},[44,139358,138308],{"class":587},[44,139360,633],{"class":583},[44,139362,66],{"class":58},[44,139364,643],{"class":583},[44,139366,138317],{"class":587},[44,139368,633],{"class":583},[44,139370,133],{"class":58},[44,139372,139373,139375,139377,139379],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,139374,140],{"class":139},[44,139376,127],{"class":58},[44,139378,35328],{"class":123},[44,139380,133],{"class":58},[20,139382,150],{},[35,139384,139385],{"className":37,"code":138336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139386,139387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139388,139389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139390,138336],{"class":50},[1044,139392,139394],{"id":139393},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,139396,139398],{"className":37,"code":139397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139399,139400,139412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139401,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139403,35307],{"class":50},[44,139405,55],{"class":54},[44,139407,643],{"class":583},[44,139409,35487],{"class":587},[44,139411,3979],{"class":583},[44,139413,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139415,140],{"class":139},[44,139417,127],{"class":58},[44,139419,35328],{"class":123},[44,139421,120],{"class":58},[44,139423,35619],{"class":123},[44,139425,127],{"class":58},[44,139427,633],{"class":583},[44,139429,4464],{"class":587},[44,139431,633],{"class":583},[44,139433,66],{"class":58},[44,139435,643],{"class":583},[44,139437,90558],{"class":587},[44,139439,633],{"class":583},[44,139441,556],{"class":58},[20,139443,150],{},[35,139445,139446],{"className":37,"code":89571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139447,139448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139449,139450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139451,89571],{"class":50},[20,139453,139454,139455,2495,139457,139459],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139456,65158],{},[15,139458,91040],{}," are not the same.",[1044,139461,139463],{"id":139462},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,139465,139467],{"className":37,"code":139466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139468,139469,139482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139472,35307],{"class":50},[44,139474,55],{"class":54},[44,139476,643],{"class":583},[44,139478,139479],{"class":587},"red red red",[44,139481,3979],{"class":583},[44,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139485,140],{"class":139},[44,139487,127],{"class":58},[44,139489,35328],{"class":123},[44,139491,120],{"class":58},[44,139493,35619],{"class":123},[44,139495,127],{"class":58},[44,139497,633],{"class":583},[44,139499,13709],{"class":587},[44,139501,633],{"class":583},[44,139503,66],{"class":58},[44,139505,643],{"class":583},[44,139507,13726],{"class":587},[44,139509,633],{"class":583},[44,139511,556],{"class":58},[20,139513,150],{},[35,139515,139517],{"className":37,"code":139516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139518,139519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139520,139521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139522,139516],{"class":50},[20,139524,139525,139526,1598],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139527,41882],{},[35,139529,139531],{"className":37,"code":139530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139532,139533,139545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139534,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139536,35307],{"class":50},[44,139538,55],{"class":54},[44,139540,643],{"class":583},[44,139542,139479],{"class":587},[44,139544,3979],{"class":583},[44,139546,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575,139577],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139548,140],{"class":139},[44,139550,127],{"class":58},[44,139552,35328],{"class":123},[44,139554,120],{"class":58},[44,139556,35619],{"class":123},[44,139558,127],{"class":58},[44,139560,633],{"class":583},[44,139562,13709],{"class":587},[44,139564,633],{"class":583},[44,139566,66],{"class":58},[44,139568,643],{"class":583},[44,139570,13726],{"class":587},[44,139572,633],{"class":583},[44,139574,66],{"class":58},[44,139576,2212],{"class":62},[44,139578,556],{"class":58},[20,139580,150],{},[35,139582,139584],{"className":37,"code":139583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,139585,139586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139587,139588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139589,139583],{"class":50},[1044,139591,139593,139594,139596],{"id":139592},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139595,124972],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139598,139599],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[205,139601,139602,139609,139616],{},[208,139603,1296,139604,139608],{},[176,139605,139606],{"href":129488},[15,139607,61154],{}," to break a string into a list",[208,139610,1296,139611,139615],{},[176,139612,139613],{"href":137371},[15,139614,42276],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[208,139617,1296,139618,139620],{},[15,139619,124972],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,139622,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,139624,2482,139626,125128],{"id":139625},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139627,124972],{},[20,139629,139630],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1044,139632,139634],{"id":139633},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139636,139637],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1044,139639,139641],{"id":139640},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139643,139644],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,139646,139648],{"className":37,"code":139647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139649,139650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139651,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139653,35328],{"class":50},[44,139655,120],{"class":58},[44,139657,35619],{"class":123},[44,139659,127],{"class":58},[44,139661,138398],{"class":123},[44,139663,66],{"class":58},[44,139665,138403],{"class":123},[44,139667,66],{"class":58},[44,139669,2212],{"class":62},[44,139671,133],{"class":58},[1044,139673,5788,139675,139677],{"id":139674},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139676,124972],{}," remove text?",[20,139679,139680],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,139682,139684],{"className":37,"code":139683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139685,139686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139687,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139689,35328],{"class":50},[44,139691,120],{"class":58},[44,139693,35619],{"class":123},[44,139695,127],{"class":58},[44,139697,633],{"class":583},[44,139699,2801],{"class":587},[44,139701,633],{"class":583},[44,139703,66],{"class":58},[44,139705,6744],{"class":583},[44,139707,133],{"class":58},[1044,139709,15521,139711,125137],{"id":139710},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139712,124972],{},[20,139714,130330],{},[30,139716,2528],{"id":2527},[205,139718,139719,139723,139729,139735,139741],{},[208,139720,139721],{},[176,139722,125207],{"href":124969},[208,139724,139725],{},[176,139726,126801,139727,2544],{"href":129488},[15,139728,61154],{},[208,139730,139731],{},[176,139732,126801,139733,2544],{"href":137371},[15,139734,42276],{},[208,139736,139737],{},[176,139738,126801,139739,2544],{"href":124528},[15,139740,124531],{},[208,139742,139743],{},[176,139744,125556],{"href":51600},[2554,139746,139747],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":139749},[139750,139751,139753,139756,139757,139761,139765,139766,139768,139776,139786],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":138351,"depth":85,"text":139752},"What replace() does",{"id":6048,"depth":85,"text":6049,"children":139754},[139755],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":6404,"depth":85,"text":6405},{"id":138566,"depth":85,"text":138567,"children":139758},[139759,139760],{"id":138580,"depth":109,"text":138581},{"id":138661,"depth":109,"text":138662},{"id":138749,"depth":85,"text":138750,"children":139762},[139763,139764],{"id":138758,"depth":109,"text":138759},{"id":138834,"depth":109,"text":138835},{"id":124447,"depth":85,"text":124448},{"id":139030,"depth":85,"text":139767},"What replace() returns",{"id":1579,"depth":85,"text":1580,"children":139769},[139770,139772,139773,139774],{"id":139249,"depth":109,"text":139771},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139393,"depth":109,"text":139394},{"id":139462,"depth":109,"text":139463},{"id":139592,"depth":109,"text":139775},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":139777},[139778,139780,139781,139782,139784],{"id":139625,"depth":109,"text":139779},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139633,"depth":109,"text":139634},{"id":139640,"depth":109,"text":139641},{"id":139674,"depth":109,"text":139783},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139710,"depth":109,"text":139785},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138236,"description":139787},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139794,"title":139795,"body":139796,"description":141815,"extension":2593,"meta":141816,"navigation":364,"path":141817,"seo":141818,"stem":141819,"__hash__":141820},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139797,"toc":141779},[139798,139803,139808,139811,139822,139824,139879,139884,139889,139896,139898,139913,139915,139971,139973,140011,140016,140018,140042,140045,140058,140063,140065,140097,140099,140132,140138,140143,140146,140156,140159,140161,140217,140219,140269,140272,140280,140283,140339,140341,140414,140427,140435,140439,140450,140453,140456,140509,140511,140543,140546,140600,140602,140637,140640,140645,140650,140655,140658,140660,140718,140720,140754,140756,140771,140774,140776,140818,140820,140846,140851,140859,140862,140864,140946,140948,140999,141002,141013,141021,141023,141096,141098,141116,141120,141123,141127,141154,141156,141164,141168,141203,141205,141218,141222,141225,141264,141266,141283,141288,141293,141304,141307,141318,141320,141322,141348,141351,141400,141402,141419,141422,141424,141476,141478,141510,141513,141571,141576,141578,141583,141686,141688,141702,141704,141711,141716,141721,141726,141731,141736,141739,141743,141748,141750,141776],[10,139799,123801,139801,18],{"id":139800},"python-string-split-method",[15,139802,61154],{},[20,139804,123806,139805,139807],{},[15,139806,61154],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139809,139810],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[205,139812,139813,139816,139819],{},[208,139814,139815],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[208,139817,139818],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[208,139820,139821],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139823,2634],{"id":2633},[35,139825,139827],{"className":37,"code":139826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139828,139829,139842,139864,139874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139830,139831,139833,139835,139837,139840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139832,35307],{"class":50},[44,139834,55],{"class":54},[44,139836,643],{"class":583},[44,139838,139839],{"class":587},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139841,3979],{"class":583},[44,139843,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139845,43460],{"class":50},[44,139847,55],{"class":54},[44,139849,43465],{"class":50},[44,139851,120],{"class":58},[44,139853,35088],{"class":123},[44,139855,127],{"class":58},[44,139857,633],{"class":583},[44,139859,66],{"class":587},[44,139861,633],{"class":583},[44,139863,133],{"class":58},[44,139865,139866,139868,139870,139872],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,139867,140],{"class":139},[44,139869,127],{"class":58},[44,139871,43492],{"class":123},[44,139873,133],{"class":58},[44,139875,139876],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,139877,139878],{"class":1992},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139880,1296,139881,139883],{},[15,139882,61154],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139885,186,139887,189],{"id":139886},"what-split-does",[15,139888,61154],{},[20,139890,139891,132849,139893,120],{},[15,139892,61154],{},[197,139894,139895],{},"string method",[20,139897,49551],{},[205,139899,139900,139903,139908],{},[208,139901,139902],{},"divides a string into parts",[208,139904,120103,139905],{},[197,139906,139907],{},"new list of strings",[208,139909,120109,139910,139912],{},[197,139911,199],{}," change the original string",[20,139914,295],{},[35,139916,139918],{"className":37,"code":139917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139919,139920,139933,139947,139951,139961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139921,139922,139924,139926,139928,139931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139923,35307],{"class":50},[44,139925,55],{"class":54},[44,139927,643],{"class":583},[44,139929,139930],{"class":587},"red blue green",[44,139932,3979],{"class":583},[44,139934,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139936,43460],{"class":50},[44,139938,55],{"class":54},[44,139940,43465],{"class":50},[44,139942,120],{"class":58},[44,139944,35088],{"class":123},[44,139946,571],{"class":58},[44,139948,139949],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,139950,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,139952,139953,139955,139957,139959],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,139954,140],{"class":139},[44,139956,127],{"class":58},[44,139958,35328],{"class":123},[44,139960,133],{"class":58},[44,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,139964,140],{"class":139},[44,139966,127],{"class":58},[44,139968,43492],{"class":123},[44,139970,133],{"class":58},[20,139972,150],{},[35,139974,139976],{"className":37,"code":139975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139977,139978,139983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139979,139980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139981,139982],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139984,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,139986,4521],{"class":58},[44,139988,590],{"class":583},[44,139990,13709],{"class":587},[44,139992,590],{"class":583},[44,139994,66],{"class":58},[44,139996,584],{"class":583},[44,139998,13726],{"class":587},[44,140000,590],{"class":583},[44,140002,66],{"class":58},[44,140004,584],{"class":583},[44,140006,18073],{"class":587},[44,140008,590],{"class":583},[44,140010,1967],{"class":58},[20,140012,140013,140014,120],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[176,140015,125556],{"href":51600},[30,140017,234],{"id":233},[35,140019,140021],{"className":37,"code":140020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140022,140023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140024,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140026,61797],{"class":50},[44,140028,120],{"class":58},[44,140030,35088],{"class":123},[44,140032,127],{"class":58},[44,140034,134205],{"class":123},[44,140036,66],{"class":58},[44,140038,140039],{"class":123}," maxsplit",[44,140041,133],{"class":58},[20,140043,140044],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[205,140046,140047,140052],{},[208,140048,140049,140051],{},[15,140050,134205],{}," tells Python where to split",[208,140053,140054,140057],{},[15,140055,140056],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140059,9497,140060,140062],{},[15,140061,134205],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140064,295],{},[35,140066,140068],{"className":37,"code":140067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140069,140070,140083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078,140081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140073,35307],{"class":50},[44,140075,55],{"class":54},[44,140077,643],{"class":583},[44,140079,140080],{"class":587},"one two three",[44,140082,3979],{"class":583},[44,140084,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140086,140],{"class":139},[44,140088,127],{"class":58},[44,140090,35328],{"class":123},[44,140092,120],{"class":58},[44,140094,35088],{"class":123},[44,140096,7812],{"class":58},[20,140098,150],{},[35,140100,140102],{"className":37,"code":140101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140103,140104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140105,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140107,4521],{"class":58},[44,140109,590],{"class":583},[44,140111,7202],{"class":587},[44,140113,590],{"class":583},[44,140115,66],{"class":58},[44,140117,584],{"class":583},[44,140119,79895],{"class":587},[44,140121,590],{"class":583},[44,140123,66],{"class":58},[44,140125,584],{"class":583},[44,140127,134687],{"class":587},[44,140129,590],{"class":583},[44,140131,1967],{"class":58},[30,140133,863,140135,140137],{"id":140134},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140136,61154],{}," with no separator",[20,140139,70798,140140,140142],{},[15,140141,61154],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140144,140145],{},"Whitespace includes:",[205,140147,140148,140150,140153],{},[208,140149,11072],{},[208,140151,140152],{},"tabs",[208,140154,140155],{},"new lines",[20,140157,140158],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140160,295],{},[35,140162,140164],{"className":37,"code":140163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140165,140166,140189,140203,140207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140177,140180,140182,140184,140187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140169,35307],{"class":50},[44,140171,55],{"class":54},[44,140173,643],{"class":583},[44,140175,140176],{"class":587},"Python   is",[44,140178,140179],{"class":35072},"\\t",[44,140181,133941],{"class":587},[44,140183,87775],{"class":35072},[44,140185,140186],{"class":587},"and useful",[44,140188,3979],{"class":583},[44,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140192,43460],{"class":50},[44,140194,55],{"class":54},[44,140196,43465],{"class":50},[44,140198,120],{"class":58},[44,140200,35088],{"class":123},[44,140202,571],{"class":58},[44,140204,140205],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140206,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140208,140209,140211,140213,140215],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140210,140],{"class":139},[44,140212,127],{"class":58},[44,140214,43492],{"class":123},[44,140216,133],{"class":58},[20,140218,150],{},[35,140220,140222],{"className":37,"code":140221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140223,140224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140225,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140265,140267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140227,4521],{"class":58},[44,140229,590],{"class":583},[44,140231,7915],{"class":587},[44,140233,590],{"class":583},[44,140235,66],{"class":58},[44,140237,584],{"class":583},[44,140239,12810],{"class":587},[44,140241,590],{"class":583},[44,140243,66],{"class":58},[44,140245,584],{"class":583},[44,140247,133941],{"class":587},[44,140249,590],{"class":583},[44,140251,66],{"class":58},[44,140253,584],{"class":583},[44,140255,130566],{"class":587},[44,140257,590],{"class":583},[44,140259,66],{"class":58},[44,140261,584],{"class":583},[44,140263,140264],{"class":587},"useful",[44,140266,590],{"class":583},[44,140268,1967],{"class":58},[20,140270,140271],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1044,140273,140275,1036,140277],{"id":140274},"split-vs-split",[15,140276,61154],{},[15,140278,140279],{},"split(' ')",[20,140281,140282],{},"These are not the same.",[35,140284,140286],{"className":37,"code":140285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140287,140288,140301,140305,140319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140289,140290,140292,140294,140296,140299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140291,35307],{"class":50},[44,140293,55],{"class":54},[44,140295,643],{"class":583},[44,140297,140298],{"class":587},"a  b   c",[44,140300,3979],{"class":583},[44,140302,140303],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140304,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140306,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140308,140],{"class":139},[44,140310,127],{"class":58},[44,140312,35328],{"class":123},[44,140314,120],{"class":58},[44,140316,35088],{"class":123},[44,140318,7812],{"class":58},[44,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140322,140],{"class":139},[44,140324,127],{"class":58},[44,140326,35328],{"class":123},[44,140328,120],{"class":58},[44,140330,35088],{"class":123},[44,140332,127],{"class":58},[44,140334,633],{"class":583},[44,140336,643],{"class":583},[44,140338,556],{"class":58},[20,140340,150],{},[35,140342,140344],{"className":37,"code":140343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140345,140346,140374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140347,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140349,4521],{"class":58},[44,140351,590],{"class":583},[44,140353,176],{"class":587},[44,140355,590],{"class":583},[44,140357,66],{"class":58},[44,140359,584],{"class":583},[44,140361,130],{"class":587},[44,140363,590],{"class":583},[44,140365,66],{"class":58},[44,140367,584],{"class":583},[44,140369,431],{"class":587},[44,140371,590],{"class":583},[44,140373,1967],{"class":58},[44,140375,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140377,4521],{"class":58},[44,140379,590],{"class":583},[44,140381,176],{"class":587},[44,140383,590],{"class":583},[44,140385,66],{"class":58},[44,140387,4457],{"class":583},[44,140389,66],{"class":58},[44,140391,584],{"class":583},[44,140393,130],{"class":587},[44,140395,590],{"class":583},[44,140397,66],{"class":58},[44,140399,4457],{"class":583},[44,140401,66],{"class":58},[44,140403,4457],{"class":583},[44,140405,66],{"class":58},[44,140407,584],{"class":583},[44,140409,431],{"class":587},[44,140411,590],{"class":583},[44,140413,1967],{"class":58},[205,140415,140416,140421],{},[208,140417,140418,140420],{},[15,140419,61154],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[208,140422,140423,140426],{},[15,140424,140425],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140428,140429,140430,140434],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[176,140431,126801,140432,2544],{"href":137371},[15,140433,42276],{}," is often useful.",[30,140436,140438],{"id":140437},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140440,140441,140442,2817,140445,2821,140447,120],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140443,140444],{},"\",\"",[15,140446,134040],{},[15,140448,140449],{},"\"::\"",[20,140451,140452],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140454,140455],{},"Example with commas:",[35,140457,140459],{"className":37,"code":140458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140460,140461,140473,140495,140499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140462,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140464,35307],{"class":50},[44,140466,55],{"class":54},[44,140468,643],{"class":583},[44,140470,139839],{"class":587},[44,140472,3979],{"class":583},[44,140474,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140476,43460],{"class":50},[44,140478,55],{"class":54},[44,140480,43465],{"class":50},[44,140482,120],{"class":58},[44,140484,35088],{"class":123},[44,140486,127],{"class":58},[44,140488,633],{"class":583},[44,140490,66],{"class":587},[44,140492,633],{"class":583},[44,140494,133],{"class":58},[44,140496,140497],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140498,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140500,140501,140503,140505,140507],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140502,140],{"class":139},[44,140504,127],{"class":58},[44,140506,43492],{"class":123},[44,140508,133],{"class":58},[20,140510,150],{},[35,140512,140513],{"className":37,"code":79074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140514,140515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140516,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140518,4521],{"class":58},[44,140520,590],{"class":583},[44,140522,636],{"class":587},[44,140524,590],{"class":583},[44,140526,66],{"class":58},[44,140528,584],{"class":583},[44,140530,646],{"class":587},[44,140532,590],{"class":583},[44,140534,66],{"class":58},[44,140536,584],{"class":583},[44,140538,4717],{"class":587},[44,140540,590],{"class":583},[44,140542,1967],{"class":58},[20,140544,140545],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,140547,140549],{"className":37,"code":140548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140550,140551,140564,140586,140590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140552,140553,140555,140557,140559,140562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140554,35307],{"class":50},[44,140556,55],{"class":54},[44,140558,643],{"class":583},[44,140560,140561],{"class":587},"2024::10::31",[44,140563,3979],{"class":583},[44,140565,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140567,43460],{"class":50},[44,140569,55],{"class":54},[44,140571,43465],{"class":50},[44,140573,120],{"class":58},[44,140575,35088],{"class":123},[44,140577,127],{"class":58},[44,140579,633],{"class":583},[44,140581,77291],{"class":587},[44,140583,633],{"class":583},[44,140585,133],{"class":58},[44,140587,140588],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140589,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140593,140],{"class":139},[44,140595,127],{"class":58},[44,140597,43492],{"class":123},[44,140599,133],{"class":58},[20,140601,150],{},[35,140603,140605],{"className":37,"code":140604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140606,140607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140608,140609,140611,140613,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140633,140635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140610,4521],{"class":58},[44,140612,590],{"class":583},[44,140614,140615],{"class":587},"2024",[44,140617,590],{"class":583},[44,140619,66],{"class":58},[44,140621,584],{"class":583},[44,140623,2958],{"class":587},[44,140625,590],{"class":583},[44,140627,66],{"class":58},[44,140629,584],{"class":583},[44,140631,140632],{"class":587},"31",[44,140634,590],{"class":583},[44,140636,1967],{"class":58},[20,140638,140639],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140641,140642,140643,120],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[176,140644,129485],{"href":129484},[30,140646,863,140648],{"id":140647},"using-maxsplit",[15,140649,140056],{},[20,140651,140652,140654],{},[15,140653,140056],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140656,140657],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140659,295],{},[35,140661,140663],{"className":37,"code":140662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140664,140665,140678,140704,140708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140666,140667,140669,140671,140673,140676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140668,35307],{"class":50},[44,140670,55],{"class":54},[44,140672,643],{"class":583},[44,140674,140675],{"class":587},"name:age:city:country",[44,140677,3979],{"class":583},[44,140679,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140681,43460],{"class":50},[44,140683,55],{"class":54},[44,140685,43465],{"class":50},[44,140687,120],{"class":58},[44,140689,35088],{"class":123},[44,140691,127],{"class":58},[44,140693,633],{"class":583},[44,140695,1598],{"class":587},[44,140697,633],{"class":583},[44,140699,66],{"class":58},[44,140701,69],{"class":62},[44,140703,133],{"class":58},[44,140705,140706],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140707,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140709,140710,140712,140714,140716],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140711,140],{"class":139},[44,140713,127],{"class":58},[44,140715,43492],{"class":123},[44,140717,133],{"class":58},[20,140719,150],{},[35,140721,140723],{"className":37,"code":140722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140724,140725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140726,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140750,140752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140728,4521],{"class":58},[44,140730,590],{"class":583},[44,140732,8287],{"class":587},[44,140734,590],{"class":583},[44,140736,66],{"class":58},[44,140738,584],{"class":583},[44,140740,9921],{"class":587},[44,140742,590],{"class":583},[44,140744,66],{"class":58},[44,140746,584],{"class":583},[44,140748,140749],{"class":587},"city:country",[44,140751,590],{"class":583},[44,140753,1967],{"class":58},[20,140755,2806],{},[205,140757,140758,140763,140768],{},[208,140759,140760,140761],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140762,1598],{},[208,140764,140765,140766],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140767,1598],{},[208,140769,140770],{},"then stops",[20,140772,140773],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140775,52705],{},[35,140777,140779],{"className":37,"code":140778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140780,140781,140794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140782,140783,140785,140787,140789,140792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140784,35307],{"class":50},[44,140786,55],{"class":54},[44,140788,643],{"class":583},[44,140790,140791],{"class":587},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,140793,3979],{"class":583},[44,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140797,140],{"class":139},[44,140799,127],{"class":58},[44,140801,35328],{"class":123},[44,140803,120],{"class":58},[44,140805,35088],{"class":123},[44,140807,127],{"class":58},[44,140809,633],{"class":583},[44,140811,643],{"class":583},[44,140813,66],{"class":58},[44,140815,2212],{"class":62},[44,140817,556],{"class":58},[20,140819,150],{},[35,140821,140823],{"className":37,"code":140822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140824,140825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140826,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839,140842,140844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140828,4521],{"class":58},[44,140830,590],{"class":583},[44,140832,636],{"class":587},[44,140834,590],{"class":583},[44,140836,66],{"class":58},[44,140838,584],{"class":583},[44,140840,140841],{"class":587},"banana cherry grape",[44,140843,590],{"class":583},[44,140845,1967],{"class":58},[30,140847,186,140849,12321],{"id":140848},"what-split-returns",[15,140850,61154],{},[20,140852,140853,140854,140856,140857,120],{},"The result of ",[15,140855,61154],{}," is always a ",[197,140858,8715],{},[20,140860,140861],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140863,295],{},[35,140865,140867],{"className":37,"code":140866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140868,140869,140882,140904,140908,140918,140932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140870,140871,140873,140875,140877,140880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140872,35307],{"class":50},[44,140874,55],{"class":54},[44,140876,643],{"class":583},[44,140878,140879],{"class":587},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140881,3979],{"class":583},[44,140883,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140885,43460],{"class":50},[44,140887,55],{"class":54},[44,140889,43465],{"class":50},[44,140891,120],{"class":58},[44,140893,35088],{"class":123},[44,140895,127],{"class":58},[44,140897,633],{"class":583},[44,140899,66],{"class":587},[44,140901,633],{"class":583},[44,140903,133],{"class":58},[44,140905,140906],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140907,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,140909,140910,140912,140914,140916],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,140911,140],{"class":139},[44,140913,127],{"class":58},[44,140915,43492],{"class":123},[44,140917,133],{"class":58},[44,140919,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,140921,140],{"class":139},[44,140923,127],{"class":58},[44,140925,549],{"class":548},[44,140927,127],{"class":58},[44,140929,43492],{"class":123},[44,140931,556],{"class":58},[44,140933,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,140935,140],{"class":139},[44,140937,127],{"class":58},[44,140939,43492],{"class":123},[44,140941,4521],{"class":58},[44,140943,2748],{"class":62},[44,140945,4509],{"class":58},[20,140947,150],{},[35,140949,140951],{"className":37,"code":140950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140952,140953,140981,140995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140954,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140956,4521],{"class":58},[44,140958,590],{"class":583},[44,140960,2122],{"class":587},[44,140962,590],{"class":583},[44,140964,66],{"class":58},[44,140966,584],{"class":583},[44,140968,2131],{"class":587},[44,140970,590],{"class":583},[44,140972,66],{"class":58},[44,140974,584],{"class":583},[44,140976,2140],{"class":587},[44,140978,590],{"class":583},[44,140980,1967],{"class":58},[44,140982,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,140984,576],{"class":54},[44,140986,580],{"class":579},[44,140988,584],{"class":583},[44,140990,8715],{"class":587},[44,140992,590],{"class":583},[44,140994,593],{"class":54},[44,140996,140997],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,140998,86091],{"class":50},[20,141000,141001],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[205,141003,141004,141007,141010],{},[208,141005,141006],{},"loop over it",[208,141008,141009],{},"access items by index",[208,141011,141012],{},"combine items again later",[20,141014,141015,141016,120],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[176,141017,126801,141019,2544],{"href":141018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141020,133883],{},[20,141022,295],{},[35,141024,141026],{"className":37,"code":141025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141027,141028,141060,141082,141086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141029,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141031,43460],{"class":50},[44,141033,55],{"class":54},[44,141035,1954],{"class":58},[44,141037,590],{"class":583},[44,141039,2122],{"class":587},[44,141041,590],{"class":583},[44,141043,66],{"class":58},[44,141045,584],{"class":583},[44,141047,2131],{"class":587},[44,141049,590],{"class":583},[44,141051,66],{"class":58},[44,141053,584],{"class":583},[44,141055,2140],{"class":587},[44,141057,590],{"class":583},[44,141059,1967],{"class":58},[44,141061,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141063,35307],{"class":50},[44,141065,55],{"class":54},[44,141067,643],{"class":583},[44,141069,1316],{"class":587},[44,141071,633],{"class":583},[44,141073,120],{"class":58},[44,141075,133960],{"class":123},[44,141077,127],{"class":58},[44,141079,43492],{"class":123},[44,141081,133],{"class":58},[44,141083,141084],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141085,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141089,140],{"class":139},[44,141091,127],{"class":58},[44,141093,35328],{"class":123},[44,141095,133],{"class":58},[20,141097,150],{},[35,141099,141101],{"className":37,"code":141100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141102,141103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141104,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141106,2122],{"class":50},[44,141108,1316],{"class":54},[44,141110,2131],{"class":50},[44,141112,1316],{"class":54},[44,141114,141115],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,141117,141119],{"id":141118},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141121,141122],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1044,141124,141126],{"id":141125},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,141128,141130],{"className":37,"code":141129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141131,141132,141140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141133,141134,141136,141138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141135,35307],{"class":50},[44,141137,55],{"class":54},[44,141139,8502],{"class":583},[44,141141,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141143,140],{"class":139},[44,141145,127],{"class":58},[44,141147,35328],{"class":123},[44,141149,120],{"class":58},[44,141151,35088],{"class":123},[44,141153,7812],{"class":58},[20,141155,150],{},[35,141157,141158],{"className":37,"code":38919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,141159,141160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141161,141162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141163,38919],{"class":58},[1044,141165,141167],{"id":141166},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,141169,141171],{"className":37,"code":141170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141172,141173,141181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141174,141175,141177,141179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141176,35307],{"class":50},[44,141178,55],{"class":54},[44,141180,8502],{"class":583},[44,141182,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141184,140],{"class":139},[44,141186,127],{"class":58},[44,141188,35328],{"class":123},[44,141190,120],{"class":58},[44,141192,35088],{"class":123},[44,141194,127],{"class":58},[44,141196,633],{"class":583},[44,141198,66],{"class":587},[44,141200,633],{"class":583},[44,141202,556],{"class":58},[20,141204,150],{},[35,141206,141208],{"className":37,"code":141207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,141209,141210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141211,141212,141214,141216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141213,4521],{"class":58},[44,141215,4393],{"class":583},[44,141217,1967],{"class":58},[1044,141219,141221],{"id":141220},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141223,141224],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,141226,141228],{"className":37,"code":141227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141229,141230,141242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141231,141232,141234,141236,141238,141240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141233,35307],{"class":50},[44,141235,55],{"class":54},[44,141237,643],{"class":583},[44,141239,4464],{"class":587},[44,141241,3979],{"class":583},[44,141243,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141245,140],{"class":139},[44,141247,127],{"class":58},[44,141249,35328],{"class":123},[44,141251,120],{"class":58},[44,141253,35088],{"class":123},[44,141255,127],{"class":58},[44,141257,633],{"class":583},[44,141259,66],{"class":587},[44,141261,633],{"class":583},[44,141263,556],{"class":58},[20,141265,150],{},[35,141267,141269],{"className":37,"code":141268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,141270,141271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141272,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141274,4521],{"class":58},[44,141276,590],{"class":583},[44,141278,4464],{"class":587},[44,141280,590],{"class":583},[44,141282,1967],{"class":58},[30,141284,5578,141286],{"id":141285},"when-to-use-split",[15,141287,61154],{},[20,141289,1296,141290,141292],{},[15,141291,61154],{}," when you need to:",[205,141294,141295,141298,141301],{},[208,141296,141297],{},"split a sentence into words",[208,141299,141300],{},"split comma-separated values",[208,141302,141303],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141305,141306],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[205,141308,141309,141312,141315],{},[208,141310,141311],{},"cleaning text",[208,141313,141314],{},"parsing user input",[208,141316,141317],{},"processing simple file content",[30,141319,3454],{"id":3453},[20,141321,84862],{},[205,141323,141324,141328,141334,141337,141345],{},[208,141325,51130,141326,132021],{},[15,141327,61154],{},[208,141329,141330,141331,141333],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141332,61154],{}," returns a list, not a string",[208,141335,141336],{},"using the wrong separator",[208,141338,141339,141340,141342,141343],{},"assuming ",[15,141341,140279],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141344,61154],{},[208,141346,141347],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141349,141350],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,141352,141354],{"className":37,"code":141353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141355,141356,141368,141386,141390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141357,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141359,35307],{"class":50},[44,141361,55],{"class":54},[44,141363,643],{"class":583},[44,141365,43453],{"class":587},[44,141367,3979],{"class":583},[44,141369,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141371,35328],{"class":50},[44,141373,120],{"class":58},[44,141375,35088],{"class":123},[44,141377,127],{"class":58},[44,141379,633],{"class":583},[44,141381,66],{"class":587},[44,141383,633],{"class":583},[44,141385,133],{"class":58},[44,141387,141388],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141389,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141391,141392,141394,141396,141398],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141393,140],{"class":139},[44,141395,127],{"class":58},[44,141397,35328],{"class":123},[44,141399,133],{"class":58},[20,141401,150],{},[35,141403,141405],{"className":37,"code":141404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,141406,141407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141408,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141410,176],{"class":50},[44,141412,66],{"class":58},[44,141414,130],{"class":50},[44,141416,66],{"class":58},[44,141418,69870],{"class":50},[20,141420,141421],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141423,11426],{},[35,141425,141426],{"className":37,"code":43440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,141427,141428,141440,141462,141466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141429,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141431,35307],{"class":50},[44,141433,55],{"class":54},[44,141435,643],{"class":583},[44,141437,43453],{"class":587},[44,141439,3979],{"class":583},[44,141441,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141443,43460],{"class":50},[44,141445,55],{"class":54},[44,141447,43465],{"class":50},[44,141449,120],{"class":58},[44,141451,35088],{"class":123},[44,141453,127],{"class":58},[44,141455,633],{"class":583},[44,141457,66],{"class":587},[44,141459,633],{"class":583},[44,141461,133],{"class":58},[44,141463,141464],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141465,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141469,140],{"class":139},[44,141471,127],{"class":58},[44,141473,43492],{"class":123},[44,141475,133],{"class":58},[20,141477,150],{},[35,141479,141480],{"className":37,"code":43499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,141481,141482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141483,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141485,4521],{"class":58},[44,141487,590],{"class":583},[44,141489,176],{"class":587},[44,141491,590],{"class":583},[44,141493,66],{"class":58},[44,141495,584],{"class":583},[44,141497,130],{"class":587},[44,141499,590],{"class":583},[44,141501,66],{"class":58},[44,141503,584],{"class":583},[44,141505,431],{"class":587},[44,141507,590],{"class":583},[44,141509,1967],{"class":58},[20,141511,141512],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,141514,141516],{"className":37,"code":141515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141517,141518,141531,141553,141557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141519,141520,141522,141524,141526,141529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141521,35307],{"class":50},[44,141523,55],{"class":54},[44,141525,643],{"class":583},[44,141527,141528],{"class":587},"apple,banana",[44,141530,3979],{"class":583},[44,141532,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141534,43460],{"class":50},[44,141536,55],{"class":54},[44,141538,43465],{"class":50},[44,141540,120],{"class":58},[44,141542,35088],{"class":123},[44,141544,127],{"class":58},[44,141546,633],{"class":583},[44,141548,66],{"class":587},[44,141550,633],{"class":583},[44,141552,133],{"class":58},[44,141554,141555],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141556,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141558,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141560,140],{"class":139},[44,141562,127],{"class":58},[44,141564,43492],{"class":123},[44,141566,4521],{"class":58},[44,141568,339],{"class":62},[44,141570,4509],{"class":58},[20,141572,141573,141574,120],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[176,141575,69883],{"href":69882},[1044,141577,61333],{"id":61332},[20,141579,9497,141580,141582],{},[15,141581,61154],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,141584,141586],{"className":37,"code":141585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141587,141588,141598,141612,141634,141660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141589,141590,141592,141594,141596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141591,140],{"class":139},[44,141593,127],{"class":58},[44,141595,35328],{"class":123},[44,141597,133],{"class":58},[44,141599,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141601,140],{"class":139},[44,141603,127],{"class":58},[44,141605,35328],{"class":123},[44,141607,120],{"class":58},[44,141609,35088],{"class":123},[44,141611,7812],{"class":58},[44,141613,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141615,140],{"class":139},[44,141617,127],{"class":58},[44,141619,35328],{"class":123},[44,141621,120],{"class":58},[44,141623,35088],{"class":123},[44,141625,127],{"class":58},[44,141627,590],{"class":583},[44,141629,66],{"class":587},[44,141631,590],{"class":583},[44,141633,556],{"class":58},[44,141635,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141637,140],{"class":139},[44,141639,127],{"class":58},[44,141641,2441],{"class":139},[44,141643,127],{"class":58},[44,141645,35328],{"class":123},[44,141647,120],{"class":58},[44,141649,35088],{"class":123},[44,141651,127],{"class":58},[44,141653,590],{"class":583},[44,141655,66],{"class":587},[44,141657,590],{"class":583},[44,141659,2432],{"class":58},[44,141661,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,141663,140],{"class":139},[44,141665,127],{"class":58},[44,141667,549],{"class":548},[44,141669,127],{"class":58},[44,141671,35328],{"class":123},[44,141673,120],{"class":58},[44,141675,35088],{"class":123},[44,141677,127],{"class":58},[44,141679,590],{"class":583},[44,141681,66],{"class":587},[44,141683,590],{"class":583},[44,141685,2432],{"class":58},[20,141687,2458],{},[205,141689,141690,141693,141696,141699],{},[208,141691,141692],{},"what the original string looks like",[208,141694,141695],{},"which separator works",[208,141697,141698],{},"how many items were created",[208,141700,141701],{},"that the result is a list",[30,141703,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,141705,2492,141707,2495,141709,1447],{"id":141706},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141708,61154],{},[15,141710,140279],{},[20,141712,141713,141715],{},[15,141714,61154],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141717,141718,141720],{},[15,141719,140279],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1044,141722,2482,141724,125128],{"id":141723},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141725,61154],{},[20,141727,141728,141729,57104],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141730,61154],{},[1044,141732,5760,141734,40583],{"id":141733},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141735,140056],{},[20,141737,141738],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1044,141740,141742],{"id":141741},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141744,29680,141745,141747],{},[15,141746,61154],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,141749,2528],{"id":2527},[205,141751,141752,141756,141762,141768,141772],{},[208,141753,141754],{},[176,141755,130406],{"href":129484},[208,141757,141758],{},[176,141759,126801,141760,2544],{"href":141018},[15,141761,133883],{},[208,141763,141764],{},[176,141765,126801,141766,2544],{"href":137371},[15,141767,42276],{},[208,141769,141770],{},[176,141771,125556],{"href":51600},[208,141773,141774],{},[176,141775,69883],{"href":69882},[2554,141777,141778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":141780},[141781,141782,141784,141785,141790,141791,141793,141795,141800,141802,141805,141814],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":139886,"depth":85,"text":141783},"What split() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":140134,"depth":85,"text":141786,"children":141787},"Using split() with no separator",[141788],{"id":140274,"depth":109,"text":141789},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140437,"depth":85,"text":140438},{"id":140647,"depth":85,"text":141792},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140848,"depth":85,"text":141794},"What split() returns",{"id":141118,"depth":85,"text":141119,"children":141796},[141797,141798,141799],{"id":141125,"depth":109,"text":141126},{"id":141166,"depth":109,"text":141167},{"id":141220,"depth":109,"text":141221},{"id":141285,"depth":85,"text":141801},"When to use split()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":141803},[141804],{"id":61332,"depth":109,"text":61333},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":141806},[141807,141809,141811,141813],{"id":141706,"depth":109,"text":141808},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141723,"depth":109,"text":141810},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141733,"depth":109,"text":141812},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141741,"depth":109,"text":141742},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139795,"description":141815},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141822,"title":141823,"body":141824,"description":143767,"extension":2593,"meta":143768,"navigation":364,"path":143769,"seo":143770,"stem":143771,"__hash__":143772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141825,"toc":143726},[141826,141831,141836,141843,141916,141921,141926,141931,141947,141949,142019,142021,142023,142043,142045,142090,142095,142097,142195,142200,142204,142209,142213,142216,142258,142262,142265,142310,142314,142317,142367,142371,142376,142428,142430,142435,142446,142451,142531,142533,142545,142554,142561,142576,142578,142693,142699,142703,142706,142711,142853,142856,142863,142865,142869,142877,142946,142952,143001,143006,143011,143013,143033,143035,143101,143103,143107,143110,143114,143155,143157,143190,143195,143198,143225,143227,143270,143277,143282,143292,143358,143362,143370,143375,143426,143430,143433,143435,143444,143446,143496,143498,143605,143607,143612,143619,143625,143628,143659,143664,143666,143673,143681,143690,143693,143695,143723],[10,141827,123801,141829,18],{"id":141828},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141830,128169],{},[20,141832,123806,141833,141835],{},[15,141834,128169],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141837,126867,141838,428,141840,141842],{},[15,141839,4226],{},[15,141841,4294],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141844,141846],{"className":37,"code":141845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141847,141848,141861,141865,141890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141849,141850,141852,141854,141856,141859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141851,35307],{"class":50},[44,141853,55],{"class":54},[44,141855,643],{"class":583},[44,141857,141858],{"class":587},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141860,3979],{"class":583},[44,141862,141863],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141864,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141866,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886,141888],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141868,140],{"class":139},[44,141870,127],{"class":58},[44,141872,35328],{"class":123},[44,141874,120],{"class":58},[44,141876,141877],{"class":123},"startswith",[44,141879,127],{"class":58},[44,141881,633],{"class":583},[44,141883,7915],{"class":587},[44,141885,633],{"class":583},[44,141887,5979],{"class":58},[44,141889,44478],{"class":1992},[44,141891,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141909,141911,141913],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141893,140],{"class":139},[44,141895,127],{"class":58},[44,141897,35328],{"class":123},[44,141899,120],{"class":58},[44,141901,141877],{"class":123},[44,141903,127],{"class":58},[44,141905,633],{"class":583},[44,141907,141908],{"class":587},"Beginner",[44,141910,633],{"class":583},[44,141912,5979],{"class":58},[44,141914,141915],{"class":1992}," # False\n",[20,141917,1296,141918,141920],{},[15,141919,128169],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141922,186,141924,189],{"id":141923},"what-startswith-does",[15,141925,128169],{},[20,141927,141928,141930],{},[15,141929,128169],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[205,141932,141933,141936,141942,141944],{},[208,141934,141935],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[208,141937,5766,141938,428,141940],{},[15,141939,4226],{},[15,141941,4294],{},[208,141943,123944],{},[208,141945,141946],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141948,295],{},[35,141950,141952],{"className":37,"code":141951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141953,141954,141966,141970,141995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141955,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141957,8497],{"class":50},[44,141959,55],{"class":54},[44,141961,643],{"class":583},[44,141963,7915],{"class":587},[44,141965,3979],{"class":583},[44,141967,141968],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,141969,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,141971,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141989,141991,141993],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,141973,140],{"class":139},[44,141975,127],{"class":58},[44,141977,8287],{"class":123},[44,141979,120],{"class":58},[44,141981,141877],{"class":123},[44,141983,127],{"class":58},[44,141985,633],{"class":583},[44,141987,141988],{"class":587},"Py",[44,141990,633],{"class":583},[44,141992,5979],{"class":58},[44,141994,44478],{"class":1992},[44,141996,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,141998,140],{"class":139},[44,142000,127],{"class":58},[44,142002,8287],{"class":123},[44,142004,120],{"class":58},[44,142006,141877],{"class":123},[44,142008,127],{"class":58},[44,142010,633],{"class":583},[44,142012,129247],{"class":587},[44,142014,633],{"class":583},[44,142016,5979],{"class":58},[44,142018,44495],{"class":1992},[30,142020,234],{"id":233},[20,142022,43008],{},[35,142024,142026],{"className":37,"code":142025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142027,142028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142029,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142031,61797],{"class":50},[44,142033,120],{"class":58},[44,142035,141877],{"class":123},[44,142037,127],{"class":58},[44,142039,142040],{"class":123},"prefix",[44,142042,133],{"class":58},[20,142044,31383],{},[35,142046,142048],{"className":37,"code":142047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142049,142050,142068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142051,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142053,61797],{"class":50},[44,142055,120],{"class":58},[44,142057,141877],{"class":123},[44,142059,127],{"class":58},[44,142061,142040],{"class":123},[44,142063,66],{"class":58},[44,142065,36673],{"class":123},[44,142067,133],{"class":58},[44,142069,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142071,61797],{"class":50},[44,142073,120],{"class":58},[44,142075,141877],{"class":123},[44,142077,127],{"class":58},[44,142079,142040],{"class":123},[44,142081,66],{"class":58},[44,142083,36673],{"class":123},[44,142085,66],{"class":58},[44,142087,65664],{"class":123},[44,142089,133],{"class":58},[20,142091,21389,142092,142094],{},[15,142093,142040],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142096,295],{},[35,142098,142100],{"className":37,"code":142099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142101,142102,142114,142118,142143,142167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142103,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142105,35307],{"class":50},[44,142107,55],{"class":54},[44,142109,643],{"class":583},[44,142111,61029],{"class":587},[44,142113,3979],{"class":583},[44,142115,142116],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142117,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142121,140],{"class":139},[44,142123,127],{"class":58},[44,142125,35328],{"class":123},[44,142127,120],{"class":58},[44,142129,141877],{"class":123},[44,142131,127],{"class":58},[44,142133,633],{"class":583},[44,142135,4464],{"class":587},[44,142137,633],{"class":583},[44,142139,5979],{"class":58},[44,142141,142142],{"class":1992},"      # True\n",[44,142144,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,142146,140],{"class":139},[44,142148,127],{"class":58},[44,142150,35328],{"class":123},[44,142152,120],{"class":58},[44,142154,141877],{"class":123},[44,142156,127],{"class":58},[44,142158,633],{"class":583},[44,142160,61214],{"class":587},[44,142162,633],{"class":583},[44,142164,5979],{"class":58},[44,142166,21819],{"class":1992},[44,142168,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,142170,140],{"class":139},[44,142172,127],{"class":58},[44,142174,35328],{"class":123},[44,142176,120],{"class":58},[44,142178,141877],{"class":123},[44,142180,127],{"class":58},[44,142182,633],{"class":583},[44,142184,61214],{"class":587},[44,142186,633],{"class":583},[44,142188,66],{"class":58},[44,142190,911],{"class":62},[44,142192,5979],{"class":58},[44,142194,44478],{"class":1992},[20,142196,142197,142198,120],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[176,142199,125556],{"href":51600},[30,142201,142203],{"id":142202},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142205,142206,142208],{},[15,142207,128169],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1044,142210,142211],{"id":142040},[15,142212,142040],{},[20,142214,142215],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,142217,142219],{"className":37,"code":142218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142220,142221,142233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142222,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142224,35307],{"class":50},[44,142226,55],{"class":54},[44,142228,643],{"class":583},[44,142230,646],{"class":587},[44,142232,3979],{"class":583},[44,142234,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142252,142254,142256],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142236,140],{"class":139},[44,142238,127],{"class":58},[44,142240,35328],{"class":123},[44,142242,120],{"class":58},[44,142244,141877],{"class":123},[44,142246,127],{"class":58},[44,142248,633],{"class":583},[44,142250,142251],{"class":587},"ban",[44,142253,633],{"class":583},[44,142255,5979],{"class":58},[44,142257,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,142259,142260],{"id":36694},[15,142261,36694],{},[20,142263,142264],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,142266,142268],{"className":37,"code":142267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142269,142270,142282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142271,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142273,35307],{"class":50},[44,142275,55],{"class":54},[44,142277,643],{"class":583},[44,142279,61029],{"class":587},[44,142281,3979],{"class":583},[44,142283,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142285,140],{"class":139},[44,142287,127],{"class":58},[44,142289,35328],{"class":123},[44,142291,120],{"class":58},[44,142293,141877],{"class":123},[44,142295,127],{"class":58},[44,142297,633],{"class":583},[44,142299,61214],{"class":587},[44,142301,633],{"class":583},[44,142303,66],{"class":58},[44,142305,911],{"class":62},[44,142307,5979],{"class":58},[44,142309,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,142311,142312],{"id":53286},[15,142313,53286],{},[20,142315,142316],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,142318,142320],{"className":37,"code":142319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142321,142322,142334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142323,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142325,35307],{"class":50},[44,142327,55],{"class":54},[44,142329,643],{"class":583},[44,142331,61029],{"class":587},[44,142333,3979],{"class":583},[44,142335,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348,142350,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142337,140],{"class":139},[44,142339,127],{"class":58},[44,142341,35328],{"class":123},[44,142343,120],{"class":58},[44,142345,141877],{"class":123},[44,142347,127],{"class":58},[44,142349,633],{"class":583},[44,142351,142352],{"class":587},"wor",[44,142354,633],{"class":583},[44,142356,66],{"class":58},[44,142358,911],{"class":62},[44,142360,66],{"class":58},[44,142362,54762],{"class":62},[44,142364,5979],{"class":58},[44,142366,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,142368,142370],{"id":142369},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142372,142373,142375],{},[15,142374,142040],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,142377,142379],{"className":37,"code":142378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142380,142381,142394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142382,142383,142385,142387,142389,142392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142384,126884],{"class":50},[44,142386,55],{"class":54},[44,142388,643],{"class":583},[44,142390,142391],{"class":587},"img_001.png",[44,142393,3979],{"class":583},[44,142395,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142413,142415,142417,142419,142422,142424,142426],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142397,140],{"class":139},[44,142399,127],{"class":58},[44,142401,126902],{"class":123},[44,142403,120],{"class":58},[44,142405,141877],{"class":123},[44,142407,6128],{"class":58},[44,142409,633],{"class":583},[44,142411,142412],{"class":587},"img_",[44,142414,633],{"class":583},[44,142416,66],{"class":58},[44,142418,643],{"class":583},[44,142420,142421],{"class":587},"photo_",[44,142423,633],{"class":583},[44,142425,51716],{"class":58},[44,142427,4284],{"class":1992},[30,142429,437],{"id":436},[20,142431,142432,142434],{},[15,142433,128169],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[205,142436,142437,142442],{},[208,142438,142439,142441],{},[15,142440,4226],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[208,142443,142444,127486],{},[15,142445,4294],{},[20,142447,142448,142449,7790],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142450,7615],{},[35,142452,142454],{"className":37,"code":142453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142455,142456,142470,142474,142495,142510,142516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142457,142458,142461,142463,142465,142468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142459,142460],{"class":50},"command ",[44,142462,55],{"class":54},[44,142464,643],{"class":583},[44,142466,142467],{"class":587},"\u002Fhelp",[44,142469,3979],{"class":583},[44,142471,142472],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142473,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142475,142476,142478,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142477,7615],{"class":4496},[44,142479,142480],{"class":50}," command",[44,142482,120],{"class":58},[44,142484,141877],{"class":123},[44,142486,127],{"class":58},[44,142488,633],{"class":583},[44,142490,127693],{"class":587},[44,142492,633],{"class":583},[44,142494,8964],{"class":58},[44,142496,142497,142499,142501,142503,142506,142508],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,142498,8690],{"class":139},[44,142500,127],{"class":58},[44,142502,633],{"class":583},[44,142504,142505],{"class":587},"This looks like a command.",[44,142507,633],{"class":583},[44,142509,133],{"class":58},[44,142511,142512,142514],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,142513,28053],{"class":4496},[44,142515,7011],{"class":58},[44,142517,142518,142520,142522,142524,142527,142529],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,142519,8690],{"class":139},[44,142521,127],{"class":58},[44,142523,633],{"class":583},[44,142525,142526],{"class":587},"This is normal text.",[44,142528,633],{"class":583},[44,142530,133],{"class":58},[20,142532,150],{},[35,142534,142536],{"className":37,"code":142535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142537,142538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142539,142540,142543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142541,142542],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,142544,122833],{"class":58},[30,142546,863,142548,9326,142550,2495,142552],{"id":142547},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142549,128169],{},[15,142551,36694],{},[15,142553,53286],{},[20,142555,192,142556,2495,142558,142560],{},[15,142557,36694],{},[15,142559,53286],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[205,142562,142563,142568,142573],{},[208,142564,142565,142567],{},[15,142566,36694],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[208,142569,142570,142572],{},[15,142571,53286],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[208,142574,142575],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142577,295],{},[35,142579,142581],{"className":37,"code":142580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142582,142583,142595,142599,142628,142661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142584,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142586,35307],{"class":50},[44,142588,55],{"class":54},[44,142590,643],{"class":583},[44,142592,140080],{"class":587},[44,142594,3979],{"class":583},[44,142596,142597],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142598,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142600,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142602,140],{"class":139},[44,142604,127],{"class":58},[44,142606,35328],{"class":123},[44,142608,120],{"class":58},[44,142610,141877],{"class":123},[44,142612,127],{"class":58},[44,142614,633],{"class":583},[44,142616,79895],{"class":587},[44,142618,633],{"class":583},[44,142620,66],{"class":58},[44,142622,79],{"class":62},[44,142624,5979],{"class":58},[44,142626,142627],{"class":1992},"        # True\n",[44,142629,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142657,142659],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,142631,140],{"class":139},[44,142633,127],{"class":58},[44,142635,35328],{"class":123},[44,142637,120],{"class":58},[44,142639,141877],{"class":123},[44,142641,127],{"class":58},[44,142643,633],{"class":583},[44,142645,134687],{"class":587},[44,142647,633],{"class":583},[44,142649,66],{"class":58},[44,142651,6977],{"class":62},[44,142653,66],{"class":58},[44,142655,142656],{"class":62}," 13",[44,142658,5979],{"class":58},[44,142660,4284],{"class":1992},[44,142662,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,142664,140],{"class":139},[44,142666,127],{"class":58},[44,142668,35328],{"class":123},[44,142670,120],{"class":58},[44,142672,141877],{"class":123},[44,142674,127],{"class":58},[44,142676,633],{"class":583},[44,142678,134687],{"class":587},[44,142680,633],{"class":583},[44,142682,66],{"class":58},[44,142684,6977],{"class":62},[44,142686,66],{"class":58},[44,142688,31562],{"class":62},[44,142690,5979],{"class":58},[44,142692,5388],{"class":1992},[20,142694,142695,142696,142698],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142697,53286],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,142700,142702],{"id":142701},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142704,142705],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142707,142708,142709,49972],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142710,41460],{},[35,142712,142714],{"className":37,"code":142713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142715,142716,142730,142744,142758,142762,142786,142790,142811,142832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142717,142718,142721,142723,142725,142728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142719,142720],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,142722,55],{"class":54},[44,142724,643],{"class":583},[44,142726,142727],{"class":587},"img_101.jpg",[44,142729,3979],{"class":583},[44,142731,142732,142735,142737,142739,142742],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142733,142734],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,142736,55],{"class":54},[44,142738,643],{"class":583},[44,142740,142741],{"class":587},"photo_202.jpg",[44,142743,3979],{"class":583},[44,142745,142746,142749,142751,142753,142756],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142747,142748],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,142750,55],{"class":54},[44,142752,643],{"class":583},[44,142754,142755],{"class":587},"doc_303.jpg",[44,142757,3979],{"class":583},[44,142759,142760],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,142761,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142763,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,142765,128096],{"class":50},[44,142767,55],{"class":54},[44,142769,9859],{"class":58},[44,142771,633],{"class":583},[44,142773,142412],{"class":587},[44,142775,633],{"class":583},[44,142777,66],{"class":58},[44,142779,643],{"class":583},[44,142781,142421],{"class":587},[44,142783,633],{"class":583},[44,142785,133],{"class":58},[44,142787,142788],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,142789,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142791,142792,142794,142796,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,142793,140],{"class":139},[44,142795,127],{"class":58},[44,142797,142798],{"class":123},"filename1",[44,142800,120],{"class":58},[44,142802,141877],{"class":123},[44,142804,127],{"class":58},[44,142806,128148],{"class":123},[44,142808,5979],{"class":58},[44,142810,4284],{"class":1992},[44,142812,142813,142815,142817,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,142814,140],{"class":139},[44,142816,127],{"class":58},[44,142818,142819],{"class":123},"filename2",[44,142821,120],{"class":58},[44,142823,141877],{"class":123},[44,142825,127],{"class":58},[44,142827,128148],{"class":123},[44,142829,5979],{"class":58},[44,142831,4284],{"class":1992},[44,142833,142834,142836,142838,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,142835,140],{"class":139},[44,142837,127],{"class":58},[44,142839,142840],{"class":123},"filename3",[44,142842,120],{"class":58},[44,142844,141877],{"class":123},[44,142846,127],{"class":58},[44,142848,128148],{"class":123},[44,142850,5979],{"class":58},[44,142852,5388],{"class":1992},[20,142854,142855],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142857,75396,142858,142862],{},[176,142859,126801,142860,2544],{"href":130395},[15,142861,126859],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142864,124448],{"id":124447},[20,142866,142867,124259],{},[15,142868,128169],{},[20,142870,127846,142871,2495,142874,127853],{},[15,142872,142873],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142875,142876],{},"\"python\"",[35,142878,142880],{"className":37,"code":142879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142881,142882,142894,142898,142922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142883,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142885,35307],{"class":50},[44,142887,55],{"class":54},[44,142889,643],{"class":583},[44,142891,7915],{"class":587},[44,142893,3979],{"class":583},[44,142895,142896],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142897,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142901,140],{"class":139},[44,142903,127],{"class":58},[44,142905,35328],{"class":123},[44,142907,120],{"class":58},[44,142909,141877],{"class":123},[44,142911,127],{"class":58},[44,142913,633],{"class":583},[44,142915,141988],{"class":587},[44,142917,633],{"class":583},[44,142919,5979],{"class":58},[44,142921,4284],{"class":1992},[44,142923,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,142925,140],{"class":139},[44,142927,127],{"class":58},[44,142929,35328],{"class":123},[44,142931,120],{"class":58},[44,142933,141877],{"class":123},[44,142935,127],{"class":58},[44,142937,633],{"class":583},[44,142939,129247],{"class":587},[44,142941,633],{"class":583},[44,142943,5979],{"class":58},[44,142945,5388],{"class":1992},[20,142947,127938,142948,120],{},[176,142949,142950],{"href":124528},[15,142951,124531],{},[35,142953,142955],{"className":37,"code":142954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142956,142957,142969,142973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142958,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142960,35307],{"class":50},[44,142962,55],{"class":54},[44,142964,643],{"class":583},[44,142966,7915],{"class":587},[44,142968,3979],{"class":583},[44,142970,142971],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,142972,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,142974,142975,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,142976,140],{"class":139},[44,142978,127],{"class":58},[44,142980,35328],{"class":123},[44,142982,120],{"class":58},[44,142984,9262],{"class":123},[44,142986,9259],{"class":58},[44,142988,141877],{"class":123},[44,142990,127],{"class":58},[44,142992,633],{"class":583},[44,142994,129247],{"class":587},[44,142996,633],{"class":583},[44,142998,5979],{"class":58},[44,143000,4284],{"class":1992},[30,143002,5578,143004],{"id":143003},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143005,128169],{},[20,143007,143008,143010],{},[15,143009,128169],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143012,9995],{},[205,143014,143015,143018,143021,143030],{},[208,143016,143017],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[208,143019,143020],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[208,143022,143023,143024,428,143027],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143025,143026],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143028,143029],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[208,143031,143032],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143034,295],{},[35,143036,143038],{"className":37,"code":143037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143039,143040,143053,143057,143086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143041,143042,143044,143046,143048,143051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143043,127664],{"class":50},[44,143045,55],{"class":54},[44,143047,643],{"class":583},[44,143049,143050],{"class":587},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,143052,3979],{"class":583},[44,143054,143055],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143056,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,143058,143059,143061,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143060,7615],{"class":4496},[44,143062,143063],{"class":50}," url",[44,143065,120],{"class":58},[44,143067,141877],{"class":123},[44,143069,6128],{"class":58},[44,143071,633],{"class":583},[44,143073,143026],{"class":587},[44,143075,633],{"class":583},[44,143077,66],{"class":58},[44,143079,643],{"class":583},[44,143081,143029],{"class":587},[44,143083,633],{"class":583},[44,143085,70187],{"class":58},[44,143087,143088,143090,143092,143094,143097,143099],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,143089,8690],{"class":139},[44,143091,127],{"class":58},[44,143093,633],{"class":583},[44,143095,143096],{"class":587},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,143098,633],{"class":583},[44,143100,133],{"class":58},[30,143102,3454],{"id":3453},[20,143104,23712,143105,120],{},[15,143106,128169],{},[1044,143108,139241],{"id":143109},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143111,143112,124259],{},[15,143113,128169],{},[35,143115,143117],{"className":37,"code":143116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143118,143119,143131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143120,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143122,35307],{"class":50},[44,143124,55],{"class":54},[44,143126,643],{"class":583},[44,143128,7915],{"class":587},[44,143130,3979],{"class":583},[44,143132,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143134,140],{"class":139},[44,143136,127],{"class":58},[44,143138,35328],{"class":123},[44,143140,120],{"class":58},[44,143142,141877],{"class":123},[44,143144,127],{"class":58},[44,143146,633],{"class":583},[44,143148,39],{"class":587},[44,143150,633],{"class":583},[44,143152,5979],{"class":58},[44,143154,5388],{"class":1992},[20,143156,39884],{},[35,143158,143160],{"className":37,"code":143159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143161,143162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143163,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143165,140],{"class":139},[44,143167,127],{"class":58},[44,143169,35328],{"class":123},[44,143171,120],{"class":58},[44,143173,9262],{"class":123},[44,143175,9259],{"class":58},[44,143177,141877],{"class":123},[44,143179,127],{"class":58},[44,143181,633],{"class":583},[44,143183,39],{"class":587},[44,143185,633],{"class":583},[44,143187,5979],{"class":58},[44,143189,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,143191,30269,143193,137723],{"id":143192},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143194,128169],{},[20,143196,143197],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,143199,143201],{"className":37,"code":143200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143202,143203,143211,143215,143220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143204,143205,143207,143209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143206,3075],{"class":50},[44,143208,55],{"class":54},[44,143210,125483],{"class":62},[44,143212,143213],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143214,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,143216,143217],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143218,143219],{"class":1992},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,143221,143222],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,143223,143224],{"class":1992},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143226,39884],{},[35,143228,143230],{"className":37,"code":143229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143231,143232,143246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143233,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143235,3075],{"class":50},[44,143237,55],{"class":54},[44,143239,49528],{"class":548},[44,143241,127],{"class":58},[44,143243,50870],{"class":62},[44,143245,133],{"class":58},[44,143247,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143249,140],{"class":139},[44,143251,127],{"class":58},[44,143253,3100],{"class":123},[44,143255,120],{"class":58},[44,143257,141877],{"class":123},[44,143259,127],{"class":58},[44,143261,633],{"class":583},[44,143263,63],{"class":587},[44,143265,633],{"class":583},[44,143267,5979],{"class":58},[44,143269,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,143271,37826,143273,9326,143275],{"id":143272},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143274,128169],{},[15,143276,4503],{},[20,143278,143279,143281],{},[15,143280,128169],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143283,143284,143285,143287,143288,120],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143286,4503],{}," or methods like ",[176,143289,143290],{"href":124811},[15,143291,124796],{},[35,143293,143295],{"className":37,"code":143294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143296,143297,143309,143313,143337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143298,143299,143301,143303,143305,143307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143300,35307],{"class":50},[44,143302,55],{"class":54},[44,143304,643],{"class":583},[44,143306,61029],{"class":587},[44,143308,3979],{"class":583},[44,143310,143311],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143312,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,143314,143315,143317,143319,143321,143323,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143316,140],{"class":139},[44,143318,127],{"class":58},[44,143320,35328],{"class":123},[44,143322,120],{"class":58},[44,143324,141877],{"class":123},[44,143326,127],{"class":58},[44,143328,633],{"class":583},[44,143330,61214],{"class":587},[44,143332,633],{"class":583},[44,143334,5979],{"class":58},[44,143336,5388],{"class":1992},[44,143338,143339,143341,143343,143345,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,143340,140],{"class":139},[44,143342,127],{"class":58},[44,143344,633],{"class":583},[44,143346,61214],{"class":587},[44,143348,633],{"class":583},[44,143350,21792],{"class":4496},[44,143352,43465],{"class":123},[44,143354,4281],{"class":58},[44,143356,143357],{"class":1992},"           # True\n",[20,143359,136275,143360,120],{},[176,143361,127837],{"href":124056},[1044,143363,5321,143365,2495,143367,143369],{"id":143364},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143366,36694],{},[15,143368,53286],{}," use index positions",[20,143371,143372,143373,120],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143374,2748],{},[35,143376,143378],{"className":37,"code":143377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143379,143380,143393,143397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143381,143382,143384,143386,143388,143391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143383,35307],{"class":50},[44,143385,55],{"class":54},[44,143387,643],{"class":583},[44,143389,143390],{"class":587},"abcdef",[44,143392,3979],{"class":583},[44,143394,143395],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143396,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,143398,143399,143401,143403,143405,143407,143409,143411,143413,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143400,140],{"class":139},[44,143402,127],{"class":58},[44,143404,35328],{"class":123},[44,143406,120],{"class":58},[44,143408,141877],{"class":123},[44,143410,127],{"class":58},[44,143412,633],{"class":583},[44,143414,143415],{"class":587},"cd",[44,143417,633],{"class":583},[44,143419,66],{"class":58},[44,143421,69],{"class":62},[44,143423,5979],{"class":58},[44,143425,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,143427,143429],{"id":143428},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143431,143432],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143434,17262],{},[35,143436,143438],{"className":37,"code":143437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143439,143440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143441,143442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143443,143437],{"class":1992},[20,143445,17274],{},[35,143447,143449],{"className":37,"code":143448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143450,143451,143463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143452,143453,143455,143457,143459,143461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143454,35307],{"class":50},[44,143456,55],{"class":54},[44,143458,643],{"class":583},[44,143460,7915],{"class":587},[44,143462,3979],{"class":583},[44,143464,143465,143467,143469,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485,143487,143490,143492,143494],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143466,140],{"class":139},[44,143468,127],{"class":58},[44,143470,35328],{"class":123},[44,143472,120],{"class":58},[44,143474,141877],{"class":123},[44,143476,6128],{"class":58},[44,143478,633],{"class":583},[44,143480,141988],{"class":587},[44,143482,633],{"class":583},[44,143484,66],{"class":58},[44,143486,643],{"class":583},[44,143488,143489],{"class":587},"Ja",[44,143491,633],{"class":583},[44,143493,51716],{"class":58},[44,143495,4284],{"class":1992},[20,143497,32702],{},[35,143499,143501],{"className":37,"code":143500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143502,143503,143513,143527,143549,143575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143504,143505,143507,143509,143511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143506,140],{"class":139},[44,143508,127],{"class":58},[44,143510,35328],{"class":123},[44,143512,133],{"class":58},[44,143514,143515,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143516,140],{"class":139},[44,143518,127],{"class":58},[44,143520,549],{"class":548},[44,143522,127],{"class":58},[44,143524,35328],{"class":123},[44,143526,556],{"class":58},[44,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143530,140],{"class":139},[44,143532,127],{"class":58},[44,143534,35328],{"class":123},[44,143536,120],{"class":58},[44,143538,141877],{"class":123},[44,143540,127],{"class":58},[44,143542,633],{"class":583},[44,143544,141988],{"class":587},[44,143546,633],{"class":583},[44,143548,556],{"class":58},[44,143550,143551,143553,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,143552,140],{"class":139},[44,143554,127],{"class":58},[44,143556,35328],{"class":123},[44,143558,120],{"class":58},[44,143560,9262],{"class":123},[44,143562,9259],{"class":58},[44,143564,141877],{"class":123},[44,143566,127],{"class":58},[44,143568,633],{"class":583},[44,143570,129247],{"class":587},[44,143572,633],{"class":583},[44,143574,556],{"class":58},[44,143576,143577,143579,143581,143583,143585,143587,143589,143591,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,143578,140],{"class":139},[44,143580,127],{"class":58},[44,143582,35328],{"class":123},[44,143584,120],{"class":58},[44,143586,141877],{"class":123},[44,143588,6128],{"class":58},[44,143590,633],{"class":583},[44,143592,141988],{"class":587},[44,143594,633],{"class":583},[44,143596,66],{"class":58},[44,143598,643],{"class":583},[44,143600,143489],{"class":587},[44,143602,633],{"class":583},[44,143604,2432],{"class":58},[30,143606,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,143608,2482,143610,128647],{"id":143609},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143611,128169],{},[20,143613,143614,143615,428,143617,120],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143616,4226],{},[15,143618,4294],{},[1044,143620,5788,143622,143624],{"id":143621},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143623,128169],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143626,143627],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,143629,143631],{"className":37,"code":143630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143632,143633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143634,143635,143637,143639,143641,143643,143645,143647,143649,143651,143653,143655,143657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143636,35328],{"class":50},[44,143638,120],{"class":58},[44,143640,141877],{"class":123},[44,143642,6128],{"class":58},[44,143644,633],{"class":583},[44,143646,176],{"class":587},[44,143648,633],{"class":583},[44,143650,66],{"class":58},[44,143652,643],{"class":583},[44,143654,130],{"class":587},[44,143656,633],{"class":583},[44,143658,556],{"class":58},[1044,143660,15521,143662,125137],{"id":143661},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143663,128169],{},[20,143665,130330],{},[1044,143667,2492,143669,2495,143671,1447],{"id":143668},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143670,128169],{},[15,143672,4503],{},[20,143674,143675,143677,143678,143680],{},[15,143676,128169],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143679,4503],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1044,143682,2509,143684,2495,143686,9326,143688,1447],{"id":143683},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143685,36694],{},[15,143687,53286],{},[15,143689,128169],{},[20,143691,143692],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,143694,2528],{"id":2527},[205,143696,143697,143703,143709,143715,143719],{},[208,143698,143699],{},[176,143700,126801,143701,2544],{"href":130395},[15,143702,126859],{},[208,143704,143705],{},[176,143706,126801,143707,2544],{"href":124811},[15,143708,124796],{},[208,143710,143711],{},[176,143712,126801,143713,2544],{"href":124528},[15,143714,124531],{},[208,143716,143717],{},[176,143718,125200],{"href":124056},[208,143720,143721],{},[176,143722,125556],{"href":51600},[2554,143724,143725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":143727},[143728,143730,143731,143737,143738,143740,143741,143742,143744,143754,143766],{"id":141923,"depth":85,"text":143729},"What startswith() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":142202,"depth":85,"text":142203,"children":143732},[143733,143734,143735,143736],{"id":142040,"depth":109,"text":142040},{"id":36694,"depth":109,"text":36694},{"id":53286,"depth":109,"text":53286},{"id":142369,"depth":109,"text":142370},{"id":436,"depth":85,"text":437},{"id":142547,"depth":85,"text":143739},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142701,"depth":85,"text":142702},{"id":124447,"depth":85,"text":124448},{"id":143003,"depth":85,"text":143743},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":143745},[143746,143747,143749,143751,143753],{"id":143109,"depth":109,"text":139241},{"id":143192,"depth":109,"text":143748},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143272,"depth":109,"text":143750},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143364,"depth":109,"text":143752},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143428,"depth":109,"text":143429},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":143755},[143756,143758,143760,143762,143764],{"id":143609,"depth":109,"text":143757},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143621,"depth":109,"text":143759},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143661,"depth":109,"text":143761},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143668,"depth":109,"text":143763},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143683,"depth":109,"text":143765},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141823,"description":143767},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143774,"title":143775,"body":143776,"description":145230,"extension":2593,"meta":145231,"navigation":364,"path":145232,"seo":145233,"stem":145234,"__hash__":145235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143777,"toc":145200},[143778,143783,143788,143791,143793,143837,143839,143847,143852,143857,143862,143864,143882,143884,143930,143932,143946,143955,143959,143961,143963,143975,143980,143983,144015,144017,144026,144031,144034,144075,144077,144085,144087,144100,144106,144110,144113,144129,144131,144180,144182,144191,144194,144253,144255,144264,144271,144274,144327,144329,144353,144360,144366,144370,144376,144379,144390,144392,144432,144434,144442,144444,144484,144486,144495,144497,144515,144518,144525,144536,144539,144556,144558,144635,144637,144668,144671,144673,144676,144702,144704,144744,144746,144755,144765,144773,144781,144786,144791,144793,144807,144809,144860,144862,144871,144881,144883,144885,144907,144910,144989,144991,145027,145030,145105,145110,145112,145118,145123,145128,145131,145137,145140,145147,145155,145159,145167,145169,145197],[10,143779,123801,143781,18],{"id":143780},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143782,42276],{},[20,143784,32937,143785,143787],{},[15,143786,42276],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143789,143790],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,143792,33],{"id":32},[35,143794,143796],{"className":37,"code":143795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143797,143798,143811,143826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143799,143800,143802,143804,143806,143809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143801,35307],{"class":50},[44,143803,55],{"class":54},[44,143805,643],{"class":583},[44,143807,143808],{"class":587},"  hello  ",[44,143810,3979],{"class":583},[44,143812,143813,143816,143818,143820,143822,143824],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143814,143815],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143817,55],{"class":54},[44,143819,43465],{"class":50},[44,143821,120],{"class":58},[44,143823,9256],{"class":123},[44,143825,571],{"class":58},[44,143827,143828,143830,143832,143835],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143829,140],{"class":139},[44,143831,127],{"class":58},[44,143833,143834],{"class":123},"clean_text",[44,143836,133],{"class":58},[20,143838,150],{},[35,143840,143841],{"className":37,"code":139116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143842,143843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143844,143845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143846,139116],{"class":50},[20,143848,1296,143849,143851],{},[15,143850,42276],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143853,186,143855,189],{"id":143854},"what-strip-does",[15,143856,42276],{},[20,143858,143859,143861],{},[15,143860,42276],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143863,203],{},[205,143865,143866,143870,143873,143876,143879],{},[208,143867,143868,132151],{},[15,143869,42276],{},[208,143871,143872],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[208,143874,143875],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[208,143877,143878],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[208,143880,143881],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143883,295],{},[35,143885,143887],{"className":37,"code":143886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143888,143889,143902,143906,143920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143890,143891,143893,143895,143897,143900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143892,35307],{"class":50},[44,143894,55],{"class":54},[44,143896,643],{"class":583},[44,143898,143899],{"class":587},"  hello world  ",[44,143901,3979],{"class":583},[44,143903,143904],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143905,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,143907,143908,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,143909,140],{"class":139},[44,143911,127],{"class":58},[44,143913,35328],{"class":123},[44,143915,120],{"class":58},[44,143917,9256],{"class":123},[44,143919,7812],{"class":58},[44,143921,143922,143924,143926,143928],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,143923,140],{"class":139},[44,143925,127],{"class":58},[44,143927,35328],{"class":123},[44,143929,133],{"class":58},[20,143931,150],{},[35,143933,143935],{"className":37,"code":143934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143936,143937,143941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143938,143939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143940,134817],{"class":50},[44,143942,143943],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,143944,143945],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143947,143948,143949,143951,143952,143954],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143950,42276],{},", but the original ",[15,143953,35328],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143956,125553,143957,120],{},[176,143958,125556],{"href":51600},[30,143960,234],{"id":233},[20,143962,27106],{},[205,143964,143965,143970],{},[208,143966,143967],{},[15,143968,143969],{},"string.strip()",[208,143971,143972],{},[15,143973,143974],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1044,143976,143978],{"id":143977},"stringstrip",[15,143979,143969],{},[20,143981,143982],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143984,143986],{"className":37,"code":143985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143987,143988,144001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143989,143990,143992,143994,143996,143999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143991,8497],{"class":50},[44,143993,55],{"class":54},[44,143995,643],{"class":583},[44,143997,143998],{"class":587},"  Alice  ",[44,144000,3979],{"class":583},[44,144002,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144004,140],{"class":139},[44,144006,127],{"class":58},[44,144008,8287],{"class":123},[44,144010,120],{"class":58},[44,144012,9256],{"class":123},[44,144014,7812],{"class":58},[20,144016,150],{},[35,144018,144020],{"className":37,"code":144019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,144021,144022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144023,144024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144025,144019],{"class":50},[1044,144027,144029],{"id":144028},"stringstripchars",[15,144030,143974],{},[20,144032,144033],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,144035,144037],{"className":37,"code":144036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144038,144039,144052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144040,144041,144043,144045,144047,144050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144042,35307],{"class":50},[44,144044,55],{"class":54},[44,144046,643],{"class":583},[44,144048,144049],{"class":587},"!!hello??",[44,144051,3979],{"class":583},[44,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068,144071,144073],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144055,140],{"class":139},[44,144057,127],{"class":58},[44,144059,35328],{"class":123},[44,144061,120],{"class":58},[44,144063,9256],{"class":123},[44,144065,127],{"class":58},[44,144067,633],{"class":583},[44,144069,144070],{"class":587},"!?",[44,144072,633],{"class":583},[44,144074,556],{"class":58},[20,144076,150],{},[35,144078,144079],{"className":37,"code":139116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144080,144081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144082,144083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144084,139116],{"class":50},[20,144086,84443],{},[205,144088,144089,144094],{},[208,144090,144091,144093],{},[15,144092,135060],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[208,144095,144096,144097,144099],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144098,135060],{}," does not matter",[30,144101,144103,144104],{"id":144102},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144105,42276],{},[20,144107,31504,144108,120],{},[15,144109,42276],{},[20,144111,144112],{},"It is useful for:",[205,144114,144115,144120,144123,144126],{},[208,144116,144117,144118,4506],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144119,3581],{},[208,144121,144122],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[208,144124,144125],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[208,144127,144128],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144130,48985],{},[35,144132,144134],{"className":37,"code":144133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144135,144136,144149,144165,144169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144137,144138,144140,144142,144144,144147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144139,8582],{"class":50},[44,144141,55],{"class":54},[44,144143,643],{"class":583},[44,144145,144146],{"class":587},"  sam  ",[44,144148,3979],{"class":583},[44,144150,144151,144154,144156,144159,144161,144163],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144152,144153],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,144155,55],{"class":54},[44,144157,144158],{"class":50}," username",[44,144160,120],{"class":58},[44,144162,9256],{"class":123},[44,144164,571],{"class":58},[44,144166,144167],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144168,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,144170,144171,144173,144175,144178],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,144172,140],{"class":139},[44,144174,127],{"class":58},[44,144176,144177],{"class":123},"clean_username",[44,144179,133],{"class":58},[20,144181,150],{},[35,144183,144185],{"className":37,"code":144184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,144186,144187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144188,144189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144190,144184],{"class":50},[20,144192,144193],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,144195,144197],{"className":37,"code":144196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144198,144199,144212,144216,144238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144200,144201,144203,144205,144207,144210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144202,137044],{"class":50},[44,144204,55],{"class":54},[44,144206,643],{"class":583},[44,144208,144209],{"class":587}," yes  ",[44,144211,3979],{"class":583},[44,144213,144214],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144215,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,144217,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144219,7615],{"class":4496},[44,144221,137064],{"class":50},[44,144223,120],{"class":58},[44,144225,9256],{"class":123},[44,144227,7984],{"class":58},[44,144229,7026],{"class":54},[44,144231,643],{"class":583},[44,144233,9279],{"class":587},[44,144235,633],{"class":583},[44,144237,7011],{"class":58},[44,144239,144240,144242,144244,144246,144249,144251],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,144241,8690],{"class":139},[44,144243,127],{"class":58},[44,144245,633],{"class":583},[44,144247,144248],{"class":587},"Matched",[44,144250,633],{"class":583},[44,144252,133],{"class":58},[20,144254,150],{},[35,144256,144258],{"className":37,"code":144257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,144259,144260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144261,144262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144263,144257],{"class":50},[20,144265,144266,144267,120],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[176,144268,144270],{"href":144269},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144272,144273],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,144275,144277],{"className":37,"code":144276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144278,144279,144295,144309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144280,144281,144284,144286,144288,144291,144293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144282,144283],{"class":50},"line ",[44,144285,55],{"class":54},[44,144287,643],{"class":583},[44,144289,144290],{"class":587},"Python basics",[44,144292,87775],{"class":35072},[44,144294,3979],{"class":583},[44,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144298,140],{"class":139},[44,144300,127],{"class":58},[44,144302,42402],{"class":139},[44,144304,127],{"class":58},[44,144306,46],{"class":123},[44,144308,556],{"class":58},[44,144310,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319,144321,144323,144325],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144312,140],{"class":139},[44,144314,127],{"class":58},[44,144316,42402],{"class":139},[44,144318,127],{"class":58},[44,144320,46],{"class":123},[44,144322,120],{"class":58},[44,144324,9256],{"class":123},[44,144326,6907],{"class":58},[20,144328,150],{},[35,144330,144332],{"className":37,"code":144331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144333,144334,144345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144335,144336,144338,144340,144343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144337,590],{"class":43952},[44,144339,144290],{"class":43956},[44,144341,87775],{"class":144342},"sfi6f",[44,144344,30319],{"class":43952},[44,144346,144347,144349,144351],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144348,590],{"class":43952},[44,144350,144290],{"class":43956},[44,144352,30319],{"class":43952},[20,144354,863,144355,144357,144358,120],{},[15,144356,123015],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144359,87775],{},[20,144361,144362,144363,120],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[176,144364,144365],{"href":88428},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,144367,144369],{"id":144368},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144371,144372,144373,120],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144374,144375],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144377,144378],{},"Python will:",[205,144380,144381,144384,144387],{},[208,144382,144383],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[208,144385,144386],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[208,144388,144389],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144391,295],{},[35,144393,144395],{"className":37,"code":144394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144396,144397,144410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144398,144399,144401,144403,144405,144408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144400,35307],{"class":50},[44,144402,55],{"class":54},[44,144404,643],{"class":583},[44,144406,144407],{"class":587},"??hello!!",[44,144409,3979],{"class":583},[44,144411,144412,144414,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144413,140],{"class":139},[44,144415,127],{"class":58},[44,144417,35328],{"class":123},[44,144419,120],{"class":58},[44,144421,9256],{"class":123},[44,144423,127],{"class":58},[44,144425,633],{"class":583},[44,144427,144070],{"class":587},[44,144429,633],{"class":583},[44,144431,556],{"class":58},[20,144433,150],{},[35,144435,144436],{"className":37,"code":139116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144437,144438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144439,144440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144441,139116],{"class":50},[20,144443,52705],{},[35,144445,144447],{"className":37,"code":144446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144448,144449,144462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144450,144451,144453,144455,144457,144460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144452,35307],{"class":50},[44,144454,55],{"class":54},[44,144456,643],{"class":583},[44,144458,144459],{"class":587},"abcHelloCba",[44,144461,3979],{"class":583},[44,144463,144464,144466,144468,144470,144472,144474,144476,144478,144480,144482],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144465,140],{"class":139},[44,144467,127],{"class":58},[44,144469,35328],{"class":123},[44,144471,120],{"class":58},[44,144473,9256],{"class":123},[44,144475,127],{"class":58},[44,144477,633],{"class":583},[44,144479,42183],{"class":587},[44,144481,633],{"class":583},[44,144483,556],{"class":58},[20,144485,150],{},[35,144487,144489],{"className":37,"code":144488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,144490,144491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144492,144493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144494,144488],{"class":50},[20,144496,6853],{},[20,144498,144499,14671,144502,144504,144505,144507,144508,2817,144510,2821,144512,144514],{},[15,144500,144501],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[197,144503,199],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144506,42183],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144509,176],{},[15,144511,130],{},[15,144513,431],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144516,144517],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144519,144520,144521,7248],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[176,144522,144523],{"href":130382},[15,144524,124972],{},[30,144526,144528,1036,144530,1036,144533],{"id":144527},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144529,42276],{},[15,144531,144532],{},"lstrip()",[15,144534,144535],{},"rstrip()",[20,144537,144538],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[205,144540,144541,144546,144551],{},[208,144542,144543,144545],{},[15,144544,42276],{}," removes from both ends",[208,144547,144548,144550],{},[15,144549,144532],{}," removes from the left side only",[208,144552,144553,144555],{},[15,144554,144535],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144557,295],{},[35,144559,144561],{"className":37,"code":144560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144562,144563,144575,144579,144597,144616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144564,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144566,35307],{"class":50},[44,144568,55],{"class":54},[44,144570,643],{"class":583},[44,144572,143808],{"class":587},[44,144574,3979],{"class":583},[44,144576,144577],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144578,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,144580,144581,144583,144585,144587,144589,144591,144593,144595],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144582,140],{"class":139},[44,144584,127],{"class":58},[44,144586,42402],{"class":139},[44,144588,127],{"class":58},[44,144590,35328],{"class":123},[44,144592,120],{"class":58},[44,144594,9256],{"class":123},[44,144596,6907],{"class":58},[44,144598,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607,144609,144611,144614],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,144600,140],{"class":139},[44,144602,127],{"class":58},[44,144604,42402],{"class":139},[44,144606,127],{"class":58},[44,144608,35328],{"class":123},[44,144610,120],{"class":58},[44,144612,144613],{"class":123},"lstrip",[44,144615,6907],{"class":58},[44,144617,144618,144620,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630,144633],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,144619,140],{"class":139},[44,144621,127],{"class":58},[44,144623,42402],{"class":139},[44,144625,127],{"class":58},[44,144627,35328],{"class":123},[44,144629,120],{"class":58},[44,144631,144632],{"class":123},"rstrip",[44,144634,6907],{"class":58},[20,144636,150],{},[35,144638,144640],{"className":37,"code":144639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144641,144642,144650,144659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144643,144644,144646,144648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144645,590],{"class":43952},[44,144647,4464],{"class":43956},[44,144649,30319],{"class":43952},[44,144651,144652,144654,144657],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144653,590],{"class":43952},[44,144655,144656],{"class":43956},"hello  ",[44,144658,30319],{"class":43952},[44,144660,144661,144663,144666],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144662,590],{"class":43952},[44,144664,144665],{"class":43956},"  hello",[44,144667,30319],{"class":43952},[20,144669,144670],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,144672,108809],{"id":108808},[20,144674,144675],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[205,144677,144678,144686,144696,144699],{},[208,144679,144680,144682,144683,144685],{},[15,144681,144501],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144684,42152],{}," once",[208,144687,144688,144689,2817,144691,2821,144693,144695],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144690,176],{},[15,144692,130],{},[15,144694,431],{}," from both ends",[208,144697,144698],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[208,144700,144701],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144703,295],{},[35,144705,144707],{"className":37,"code":144706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144708,144709,144722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144710,144711,144713,144715,144717,144720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144712,126884],{"class":50},[44,144714,55],{"class":54},[44,144716,643],{"class":583},[44,144718,144719],{"class":587},"txt_report.txt",[44,144721,3979],{"class":583},[44,144723,144724,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144725,140],{"class":139},[44,144727,127],{"class":58},[44,144729,126902],{"class":123},[44,144731,120],{"class":58},[44,144733,9256],{"class":123},[44,144735,127],{"class":58},[44,144737,633],{"class":583},[44,144739,126937],{"class":587},[44,144741,633],{"class":583},[44,144743,556],{"class":58},[20,144745,150],{},[35,144747,144749],{"className":37,"code":144748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,144750,144751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144752,144753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144754,144748],{"class":50},[20,144756,144757,144758,2817,144760,2821,144762,144764],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144759,120],{},[15,144761,63910],{},[15,144763,2801],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144766,54279,144767,5400,144770,144772],{},[15,144768,144769],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[197,144771,199],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144774,144775,144776,144780],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[176,144777,144778],{"href":130382},[15,144779,124972],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,144782,5578,144784],{"id":144783},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144785,42276],{},[20,144787,1296,144788,144790],{},[15,144789,42276],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144792,37048],{},[205,144794,144795,144799,144801,144804],{},[208,144796,144117,144797,4506],{},[15,144798,3581],{},[208,144800,144122],{},[208,144802,144803],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[208,144805,144806],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144808,295],{},[35,144810,144812],{"className":37,"code":144811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144813,144814,144828,144832,144845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144815,144816,144819,144821,144823,144826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144817,144818],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144820,55],{"class":54},[44,144822,643],{"class":583},[44,144824,144825],{"class":587},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144827,3979],{"class":583},[44,144829,144830],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144831,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,144833,144834,144836,144839,144841,144843],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144835,7615],{"class":4496},[44,144837,144838],{"class":50}," email",[44,144840,120],{"class":58},[44,144842,9256],{"class":123},[44,144844,22213],{"class":58},[44,144846,144847,144849,144851,144853,144856,144858],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,144848,8690],{"class":139},[44,144850,127],{"class":58},[44,144852,633],{"class":583},[44,144854,144855],{"class":587},"Email was entered",[44,144857,633],{"class":583},[44,144859,133],{"class":58},[20,144861,150],{},[35,144863,144865],{"className":37,"code":144864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144866,144867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144868,144869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144870,144864],{"class":50},[20,144872,144873,144874,144876,144877,120],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144875,42276],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[176,144878,144879],{"href":124528},[15,144880,124531],{},[30,144882,3454],{"id":3453},[20,144884,84862],{},[205,144886,144887,144891,144896,144901],{},[208,144888,9075,144889,132021],{},[15,144890,42276],{},[208,144892,9075,144893,144895],{},[15,144894,42276],{}," to remove text from the middle",[208,144897,863,144898,144900],{},[15,144899,144769],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[208,144902,5321,144903,144906],{},[15,144904,144905],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144908,144909],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144911,144913],{"className":37,"code":144912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144914,144915,144929,144933,144943,144957,144971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144916,144917,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144918,35307],{"class":50},[44,144920,55],{"class":54},[44,144922,643],{"class":583},[44,144924,144665],{"class":587},[44,144926,87775],{"class":35072},[44,144928,3979],{"class":583},[44,144930,144931],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,144932,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,144934,144935,144937,144939,144941],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,144936,140],{"class":139},[44,144938,127],{"class":58},[44,144940,35328],{"class":123},[44,144942,133],{"class":58},[44,144944,144945,144947,144949,144951,144953,144955],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,144946,140],{"class":139},[44,144948,127],{"class":58},[44,144950,42402],{"class":139},[44,144952,127],{"class":58},[44,144954,35328],{"class":123},[44,144956,556],{"class":58},[44,144958,144959,144961,144963,144965,144967,144969],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,144960,140],{"class":139},[44,144962,127],{"class":58},[44,144964,35328],{"class":123},[44,144966,120],{"class":58},[44,144968,9256],{"class":123},[44,144970,7812],{"class":58},[44,144972,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,144974,140],{"class":139},[44,144976,127],{"class":58},[44,144978,42402],{"class":139},[44,144980,127],{"class":58},[44,144982,35328],{"class":123},[44,144984,120],{"class":58},[44,144986,9256],{"class":123},[44,144988,6907],{"class":58},[20,144990,150],{},[35,144992,144994],{"className":37,"code":144993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144995,144996,145001,145005,145015,145019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144997,144998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144999,145000],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,145002,145003],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145004,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,145006,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145008,590],{"class":43952},[44,145010,144665],{"class":43956},[44,145012,87775],{"class":144342},[44,145014,30319],{"class":43952},[44,145016,145017],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145018,139116],{"class":50},[44,145020,145021,145023,145025],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,145022,590],{"class":43952},[44,145024,4464],{"class":43956},[44,145026,30319],{"class":43952},[20,145028,145029],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,145031,145033],{"className":37,"code":145032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145034,145035,145045,145059,145073,145091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145036,145037,145039,145041,145043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145038,140],{"class":139},[44,145040,127],{"class":58},[44,145042,35328],{"class":123},[44,145044,133],{"class":58},[44,145046,145047,145049,145051,145053,145055,145057],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145048,140],{"class":139},[44,145050,127],{"class":58},[44,145052,42402],{"class":139},[44,145054,127],{"class":58},[44,145056,35328],{"class":123},[44,145058,556],{"class":58},[44,145060,145061,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145062,140],{"class":139},[44,145064,127],{"class":58},[44,145066,35328],{"class":123},[44,145068,120],{"class":58},[44,145070,9256],{"class":123},[44,145072,7812],{"class":58},[44,145074,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083,145085,145087,145089],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145076,140],{"class":139},[44,145078,127],{"class":58},[44,145080,42402],{"class":139},[44,145082,127],{"class":58},[44,145084,35328],{"class":123},[44,145086,120],{"class":58},[44,145088,9256],{"class":123},[44,145090,6907],{"class":58},[44,145092,145093,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,145094,32772],{"class":139},[44,145096,127],{"class":58},[44,145098,4064],{"class":548},[44,145100,120],{"class":58},[44,145102,9256],{"class":25368},[44,145104,133],{"class":58},[20,145106,145107,145109],{},[15,145108,123015],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,145111,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,145113,2482,145115,145117],{"id":145114},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145116,42276],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145119,46988,145120,145122],{},[15,145121,42276],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1044,145124,2482,145126,125128],{"id":145125},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145127,42276],{},[20,145129,145130],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1044,145132,5760,145134,145136],{"id":145133},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145135,42276],{}," remove by default?",[20,145138,145139],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1044,145141,34824,145143,34827,145145,1447],{"id":145142},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145144,42276],{},[15,145146,124972],{},[20,145148,145149,145151,145152,145154],{},[15,145150,42276],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145153,124972],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1044,145156,145158],{"id":145157},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145160,128674,145161,145163,145164,145166],{},[15,145162,144532],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145165,144535],{}," for the right side.",[30,145168,2528],{"id":2527},[205,145170,145171,145177,145183,145188,145193],{},[208,145172,145173],{},[176,145174,126801,145175,2544],{"href":124528},[15,145176,124531],{},[208,145178,145179],{},[176,145180,126801,145181,2544],{"href":130382},[15,145182,124972],{},[208,145184,145185],{},[176,145186,145187],{"href":144269},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[208,145189,145190],{},[176,145191,145192],{"href":88428},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[208,145194,145195],{},[176,145196,125556],{"href":51600},[2554,145198,145199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":145201},[145202,145203,145205,145209,145211,145212,145214,145215,145217,145218,145229],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":143854,"depth":85,"text":145204},"What strip() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":145206},[145207,145208],{"id":143977,"depth":109,"text":143969},{"id":144028,"depth":109,"text":143974},{"id":144102,"depth":85,"text":145210},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144368,"depth":85,"text":144369},{"id":144527,"depth":85,"text":145213},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108808,"depth":85,"text":108809},{"id":144783,"depth":85,"text":145216},"When to use strip()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":145219},[145220,145222,145224,145226,145228],{"id":145114,"depth":109,"text":145221},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145125,"depth":109,"text":145223},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145133,"depth":109,"text":145225},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145142,"depth":109,"text":145227},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145157,"depth":109,"text":145158},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143775,"description":145230},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145237,"title":145238,"body":145239,"description":146419,"extension":2593,"meta":146420,"navigation":364,"path":146421,"seo":146422,"stem":146423,"__hash__":146424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145240,"toc":146389},[145241,145246,145251,145256,145258,145304,145312,145317,145331,145337,145339,145341,145356,145358,145368,145371,145402,145405,145428,145430,145433,145490,145492,145506,145508,145522,145528,145533,145536,145577,145579,145588,145596,145599,145644,145646,145655,145658,145662,145667,145681,145683,145715,145717,145737,145740,145745,145750,145752,145763,145766,145823,145825,145833,145842,145844,145846,145852,145854,145891,145893,145901,145903,145944,145946,145955,145960,145965,145967,145994,146001,146004,146035,146037,146046,146052,146061,146092,146094,146106,146119,146123,146128,146158,146160,146227,146229,146239,146241,146246,146249,146254,146259,146263,146269,146275,146278,146280,146338,146340,146348,146350,146386],[10,145242,123801,145244,18],{"id":145243},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145245,128679],{},[20,145247,123806,145248,145250],{},[15,145249,128679],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145252,85239,145253,145255],{},[15,145254,128679],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,145257,2634],{"id":2633},[35,145259,145261],{"className":37,"code":145260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145262,145263,145275,145289,145299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145264,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145266,35307],{"class":50},[44,145268,55],{"class":54},[44,145270,643],{"class":583},[44,145272,129520],{"class":587},[44,145274,3979],{"class":583},[44,145276,145277,145279,145281,145283,145285,145287],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145278,112],{"class":50},[44,145280,55],{"class":54},[44,145282,43465],{"class":50},[44,145284,120],{"class":58},[44,145286,35097],{"class":123},[44,145288,571],{"class":58},[44,145290,145291,145293,145295,145297],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145292,140],{"class":139},[44,145294,127],{"class":58},[44,145296,145],{"class":123},[44,145298,133],{"class":58},[44,145300,145301],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145302,145303],{"class":1992},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145305,145306,145308,145309,145311],{},[15,145307,128679],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[197,145310,199],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,145313,186,145315,189],{"id":145314},"what-upper-does",[15,145316,128679],{},[205,145318,145319,145324,145327,145329],{},[208,145320,145321,145323],{},[15,145322,128679],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[208,145325,145326],{},"It works on string values only",[208,145328,134049],{},[208,145330,136767],{},[20,145332,125553,145333,428,145335,120],{},[176,145334,136773],{"href":136772},[176,145336,125556],{"href":51600},[30,145338,234],{"id":233},[20,145340,2787],{},[35,145342,145344],{"className":37,"code":145343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,145345,145346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145347,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145349,61797],{"class":50},[44,145351,120],{"class":58},[44,145353,35097],{"class":123},[44,145355,571],{"class":58},[20,145357,12076],{},[205,145359,145360,145362,145365],{},[208,145361,98142],{},[208,145363,145364],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[208,145366,145367],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145369,145370],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,145372,145374],{"className":37,"code":145373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145375,145376,145388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145377,145378,145380,145382,145384,145386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145379,8497],{"class":50},[44,145381,55],{"class":54},[44,145383,643],{"class":583},[44,145385,39],{"class":587},[44,145387,3979],{"class":583},[44,145389,145390,145392,145394,145396,145398,145400],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145391,140],{"class":139},[44,145393,127],{"class":58},[44,145395,8287],{"class":123},[44,145397,120],{"class":58},[44,145399,35097],{"class":123},[44,145401,7812],{"class":58},[20,145403,145404],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,145406,145408],{"className":37,"code":145407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145409,145410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145411,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145413,140],{"class":139},[44,145415,127],{"class":58},[44,145417,633],{"class":583},[44,145419,4464],{"class":587},[44,145421,633],{"class":583},[44,145423,120],{"class":58},[44,145425,35097],{"class":123},[44,145427,7812],{"class":58},[30,145429,613],{"id":612},[20,145431,145432],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,145434,145436],{"className":37,"code":145435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145437,145438,145450,145465,145469,145479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145441,6772],{"class":50},[44,145443,55],{"class":54},[44,145445,643],{"class":583},[44,145447,646],{"class":587},[44,145449,3979],{"class":583},[44,145451,145452,145455,145457,145459,145461,145463],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145453,145454],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,145456,55],{"class":54},[44,145458,39003],{"class":50},[44,145460,120],{"class":58},[44,145462,35097],{"class":123},[44,145464,571],{"class":58},[44,145466,145467],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145468,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145472,140],{"class":139},[44,145474,127],{"class":58},[44,145476,39013],{"class":123},[44,145478,133],{"class":58},[44,145480,145481,145483,145485,145488],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,145482,140],{"class":139},[44,145484,127],{"class":58},[44,145486,145487],{"class":123},"uppercase_word",[44,145489,133],{"class":58},[20,145491,150],{},[35,145493,145495],{"className":37,"code":145494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145496,145497,145501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145498,145499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145500,71030],{"class":50},[44,145502,145503],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145504,145505],{"class":35072},"BANANA\n",[20,145507,112915],{},[205,145509,145510,145515],{},[208,145511,145512,145514],{},[15,145513,39013],{}," keeps its original value",[208,145516,145517,145519,145520],{},[15,145518,145487],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145521,128679],{},[30,145523,145525,145527],{"id":145524},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145526,128679],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145529,137433,145530,145532],{},[197,145531,137436],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145534,145535],{},"So this method:",[35,145537,145539],{"className":37,"code":145538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145540,145541,145553,145563,145567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145542,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145544,8497],{"class":50},[44,145546,55],{"class":54},[44,145548,643],{"class":583},[44,145550,18421],{"class":587},[44,145552,3979],{"class":583},[44,145554,145555,145557,145559,145561],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145556,8287],{"class":50},[44,145558,120],{"class":58},[44,145560,35097],{"class":123},[44,145562,571],{"class":58},[44,145564,145565],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145566,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145570,140],{"class":139},[44,145572,127],{"class":58},[44,145574,8287],{"class":123},[44,145576,133],{"class":58},[20,145578,150],{},[35,145580,145582],{"className":37,"code":145581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,145583,145584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145585,145586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145587,145581],{"class":50},[20,145589,21596,145590,145592,145593,145595],{},[15,145591,128679],{}," was called, ",[15,145594,8287],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145597,145598],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,145600,145602],{"className":37,"code":145601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145603,145604,145616,145630,145634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145605,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145607,8497],{"class":50},[44,145609,55],{"class":54},[44,145611,643],{"class":583},[44,145613,18421],{"class":587},[44,145615,3979],{"class":583},[44,145617,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626,145628],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145619,8497],{"class":50},[44,145621,55],{"class":54},[44,145623,36613],{"class":50},[44,145625,120],{"class":58},[44,145627,35097],{"class":123},[44,145629,571],{"class":58},[44,145631,145632],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145633,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,145635,145636,145638,145640,145642],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145637,140],{"class":139},[44,145639,127],{"class":58},[44,145641,8287],{"class":123},[44,145643,133],{"class":58},[20,145645,150],{},[35,145647,145649],{"className":37,"code":145648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,145650,145651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145652,145653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145654,145648],{"class":35072},[20,145656,145657],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,145659,145661],{"id":145660},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145663,145664,145666],{},[15,145665,128679],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[205,145668,145669,145672,145675,145678],{},[208,145670,145671],{},"Numbers stay the same",[208,145673,145674],{},"Spaces stay the same",[208,145676,145677],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[208,145679,145680],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145682,295],{},[35,145684,145686],{"className":37,"code":145685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145687,145688,145701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145689,145690,145692,145694,145696,145699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145691,35307],{"class":50},[44,145693,55],{"class":54},[44,145695,643],{"class":583},[44,145697,145698],{"class":587},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,145700,3979],{"class":583},[44,145702,145703,145705,145707,145709,145711,145713],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145704,140],{"class":139},[44,145706,127],{"class":58},[44,145708,35328],{"class":123},[44,145710,120],{"class":58},[44,145712,35097],{"class":123},[44,145714,7812],{"class":58},[20,145716,150],{},[35,145718,145720],{"className":37,"code":145719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145721,145722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145723,145724,145727,145729,145731,145734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145725,145726],{"class":35072},"ROOM",[44,145728,960],{"class":62},[44,145730,66],{"class":58},[44,145732,145733],{"class":35072}," TABLE",[44,145735,145736],{"class":1992}," #3!\n",[20,145738,145739],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,145741,5578,145743],{"id":145742},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145744,128679],{},[20,145746,145747,145749],{},[15,145748,128679],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145751,48963],{},[205,145753,145754,145757,145760],{},[208,145755,145756],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[208,145758,145759],{},"Format labels or headings",[208,145761,145762],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145764,145765],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,145767,145769],{"className":37,"code":145768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145770,145771,145783,145787,145809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145772,145773,145775,145777,145779,145781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145774,137044],{"class":50},[44,145776,55],{"class":54},[44,145778,643],{"class":583},[44,145780,9279],{"class":587},[44,145782,3979],{"class":583},[44,145784,145785],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145786,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,145788,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145790,7615],{"class":4496},[44,145792,137064],{"class":50},[44,145794,120],{"class":58},[44,145796,35097],{"class":123},[44,145798,7984],{"class":58},[44,145800,7026],{"class":54},[44,145802,643],{"class":583},[44,145804,137051],{"class":587},[44,145806,633],{"class":583},[44,145808,7011],{"class":58},[44,145810,145811,145813,145815,145817,145819,145821],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,145812,8690],{"class":139},[44,145814,127],{"class":58},[44,145816,633],{"class":583},[44,145818,144248],{"class":587},[44,145820,633],{"class":583},[44,145822,133],{"class":58},[20,145824,150],{},[35,145826,145827],{"className":37,"code":144257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145828,145829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145830,145831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145832,144257],{"class":50},[20,145834,145835,145836,2817,145838,2821,145840,120],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145837,9279],{},[15,145839,137837],{},[15,145841,137051],{},[30,145843,3454],{"id":3453},[1044,145845,96510],{"id":96509},[20,145847,8738,145848,145851],{},[15,145849,145850],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145853,17262],{},[35,145855,145857],{"className":37,"code":145856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145858,145859,145871,145881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145860,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145862,35307],{"class":50},[44,145864,55],{"class":54},[44,145866,643],{"class":583},[44,145868,4464],{"class":587},[44,145870,3979],{"class":583},[44,145872,145873,145875,145877,145879],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145874,35328],{"class":50},[44,145876,120],{"class":58},[44,145878,35097],{"class":123},[44,145880,571],{"class":58},[44,145882,145883,145885,145887,145889],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145884,140],{"class":139},[44,145886,127],{"class":58},[44,145888,35328],{"class":123},[44,145890,133],{"class":58},[20,145892,150],{},[35,145894,145895],{"className":37,"code":139116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145896,145897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145898,145899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145900,139116],{"class":50},[20,145902,17274],{},[35,145904,145906],{"className":37,"code":145905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145907,145908,145920,145934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145909,145910,145912,145914,145916,145918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145911,35307],{"class":50},[44,145913,55],{"class":54},[44,145915,643],{"class":583},[44,145917,4464],{"class":587},[44,145919,3979],{"class":583},[44,145921,145922,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145923,35307],{"class":50},[44,145925,55],{"class":54},[44,145927,43465],{"class":50},[44,145929,120],{"class":58},[44,145931,35097],{"class":123},[44,145933,571],{"class":58},[44,145935,145936,145938,145940,145942],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,145937,140],{"class":139},[44,145939,127],{"class":58},[44,145941,35328],{"class":123},[44,145943,133],{"class":58},[20,145945,150],{},[35,145947,145949],{"className":37,"code":145948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145950,145951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145952,145953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145954,145948],{"class":35072},[1044,145956,19526,145958,137723],{"id":145957},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145959,128679],{},[20,145961,145962,145964],{},[15,145963,128679],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145966,295],{},[35,145968,145970],{"className":37,"code":145969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145971,145972,145980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145973,145974,145976,145978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145975,2845],{"class":50},[44,145977,55],{"class":54},[44,145979,125483],{"class":62},[44,145981,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,145983,140],{"class":139},[44,145985,127],{"class":58},[44,145987,2867],{"class":123},[44,145989,120],{"class":58},[44,145991,35097],{"class":123},[44,145993,7812],{"class":58},[20,145995,40276,145996,145998,145999,1305],{},[15,145997,2816],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146000,128679],{},[20,146002,146003],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,146005,146007],{"className":37,"code":146006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146008,146009,146017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146010,146011,146013,146015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146012,2845],{"class":50},[44,146014,55],{"class":54},[44,146016,125483],{"class":62},[44,146018,146019,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146020,140],{"class":139},[44,146022,127],{"class":58},[44,146024,4064],{"class":548},[44,146026,127],{"class":58},[44,146028,2867],{"class":123},[44,146030,2057],{"class":58},[44,146032,35097],{"class":123},[44,146034,7812],{"class":58},[20,146036,150],{},[35,146038,146040],{"className":37,"code":146039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,146041,146042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146043,146044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146045,146039],{"class":62},[1044,146047,37826,146049,146051],{"id":146048},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146050,128679],{}," with title case",[20,146053,146054,146056,146057,146060],{},[15,146055,128679],{}," makes ",[197,146058,146059],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,146062,146064],{"className":37,"code":146063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146065,146066,146078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146067,146068,146070,146072,146074,146076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146069,35307],{"class":50},[44,146071,55],{"class":54},[44,146073,643],{"class":583},[44,146075,61029],{"class":587},[44,146077,3979],{"class":583},[44,146079,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146081,140],{"class":139},[44,146083,127],{"class":58},[44,146085,35328],{"class":123},[44,146087,120],{"class":58},[44,146089,35097],{"class":123},[44,146091,7812],{"class":58},[20,146093,150],{},[35,146095,146097],{"className":37,"code":146096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146098,146099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146100,146101,146103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146102,136825],{"class":35072},[44,146104,146105],{"class":35072}," WORLD\n",[20,146107,146108,146109,146113,146114,146118],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[176,146110,146111],{"href":124528},[15,146112,124531],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[176,146115,146116],{"href":130382},[15,146117,124972],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,146120,146122],{"id":146121},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146124,146125,146126,1598],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146127,128679],{},[205,146129,146130,146137,146144,146151],{},[208,146131,146132,146136],{},[176,146133,146134],{"href":124528},[15,146135,124531],{}," for lowercase text",[208,146138,146139,146143],{},[176,146140,146141],{"href":137371},[15,146142,42276],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[208,146145,146146,146150],{},[176,146147,146148],{"href":130382},[15,146149,124972],{}," for changing parts of a string",[208,146152,146153,2495,146155,146157],{},[15,146154,128169],{},[15,146156,126859],{}," for checks",[20,146159,295],{},[35,146161,146163],{"className":37,"code":146162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146164,146165,146177,146181,146196,146212,146216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146166,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146168,35307],{"class":50},[44,146170,55],{"class":54},[44,146172,643],{"class":583},[44,146174,143899],{"class":587},[44,146176,3979],{"class":583},[44,146178,146179],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146180,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,146182,146183,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,146184,146185],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,146187,55],{"class":54},[44,146189,43465],{"class":50},[44,146191,120],{"class":58},[44,146193,9256],{"class":123},[44,146195,571],{"class":58},[44,146197,146198,146201,146203,146206,146208,146210],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,146199,146200],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,146202,55],{"class":54},[44,146204,146205],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,146207,120],{"class":58},[44,146209,35097],{"class":123},[44,146211,571],{"class":58},[44,146213,146214],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,146215,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,146217,146218,146220,146222,146225],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,146219,140],{"class":139},[44,146221,127],{"class":58},[44,146223,146224],{"class":123},"loud",[44,146226,133],{"class":58},[20,146228,150],{},[35,146230,146231],{"className":37,"code":146096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146232,146233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146234,146235,146237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146236,136825],{"class":35072},[44,146238,146105],{"class":35072},[30,146240,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,146242,2482,146244,125128],{"id":146243},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146245,128679],{},[20,146247,146248],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1044,146250,2482,146252,138105],{"id":146251},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146253,128679],{},[20,146255,146256,146257,120],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146258,145850],{},[1044,146260,146262],{"id":146261},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146264,146265,146266,146268],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146267,128679],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1044,146270,2509,146272,146274],{"id":146271},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146273,128679],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146276,146277],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146279,295],{},[35,146281,146283],{"className":37,"code":146282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146284,146285,146297,146310,146314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146286,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146288,51],{"class":50},[44,146290,55],{"class":54},[44,146292,643],{"class":583},[44,146294,39],{"class":587},[44,146296,3979],{"class":583},[44,146298,146299,146301,146303,146305,146308],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146300,88],{"class":50},[44,146302,55],{"class":54},[44,146304,643],{"class":583},[44,146306,146307],{"class":587},"PYTHON",[44,146309,3979],{"class":583},[44,146311,146312],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,146313,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,146315,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,146317,140],{"class":139},[44,146319,127],{"class":58},[44,146321,176],{"class":123},[44,146323,120],{"class":58},[44,146325,35097],{"class":123},[44,146327,7984],{"class":58},[44,146329,7026],{"class":54},[44,146331,1405],{"class":123},[44,146333,120],{"class":58},[44,146335,35097],{"class":123},[44,146337,7812],{"class":58},[20,146339,150],{},[35,146341,146342],{"className":37,"code":4601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146343,146344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146345,146346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146347,4601],{"class":4471},[30,146349,2528],{"id":2527},[205,146351,146352,146356,146362,146368,146374,146378,146382],{},[208,146353,146354],{},[176,146355,125556],{"href":51600},[208,146357,146358],{},[176,146359,126801,146360,2544],{"href":124528},[15,146361,124531],{},[208,146363,146364],{},[176,146365,126801,146366,2544],{"href":137371},[15,146367,42276],{},[208,146369,146370],{},[176,146371,126801,146372,2544],{"href":130382},[15,146373,124972],{},[208,146375,146376],{},[176,146377,91305],{"href":90314},[208,146379,146380],{},[176,146381,125200],{"href":124056},[208,146383,146384],{},[176,146385,138191],{"href":136772},[2554,146387,146388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":146390},[146391,146392,146394,146395,146396,146398,146399,146401,146408,146409,146418],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":145314,"depth":85,"text":146393},"What upper() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":145524,"depth":85,"text":146397},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145660,"depth":85,"text":145661},{"id":145742,"depth":85,"text":146400},"When to use upper()",{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":146402},[146403,146404,146406],{"id":96509,"depth":109,"text":96510},{"id":145957,"depth":109,"text":146405},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146048,"depth":109,"text":146407},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146121,"depth":85,"text":146122},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":146410},[146411,146413,146415,146416],{"id":146243,"depth":109,"text":146412},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146251,"depth":109,"text":146414},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146261,"depth":109,"text":146262},{"id":146271,"depth":109,"text":146417},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145238,"description":146419},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146426,"title":146427,"body":146428,"description":148305,"extension":2593,"meta":148306,"navigation":364,"path":148307,"seo":148308,"stem":148309,"__hash__":148310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146429,"toc":148255},[146430,146436,146443,146449,146451,146507,146512,146517,146522,146525,146544,146547,146549,146573,146591,146602,146604,146607,146660,146662,146670,146672,146690,146695,146698,146755,146757,146766,146769,146789,146792,146798,146803,146805,146848,146850,146858,146861,146902,146904,146913,146919,146925,146952,146954,146962,146967,146971,146983,147026,147028,147036,147041,147047,147052,147056,147058,147101,147104,147151,147153,147162,147169,147173,147176,147222,147227,147231,147233,147276,147279,147287,147289,147294,147296,147298,147317,147320,147332,147334,147353,147355,147363,147367,147369,147420,147423,147498,147500,147508,147511,147515,147517,147564,147567,147638,147640,147648,147654,147656,147731,147735,147814,147816,147824,147830,147836,147841,147846,147895,147899,147970,147973,147978,147989,147992,148003,148013,148015,148020,148045,148050,148131,148133,148158,148160,148165,148168,148174,148183,148189,148192,148198,148204,148211,148214,148216,148252],[10,146431,4197,146433,4201],{"id":146432},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146434,146435],{},"sum()",[20,146437,9745,146438,146440,146441,25382],{},[15,146439,146435],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146442,60621],{},[20,146444,146445,146446,146448],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146447,36694],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,146450,2634],{"id":2633},[35,146452,146454],{"className":37,"code":146453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146455,146456,146480,146495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146457,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146459,884],{"class":50},[44,146461,55],{"class":54},[44,146463,1954],{"class":58},[44,146465,63],{"class":62},[44,146467,66],{"class":58},[44,146469,69],{"class":62},[44,146471,66],{"class":58},[44,146473,74],{"class":62},[44,146475,66],{"class":58},[44,146477,79],{"class":62},[44,146479,1967],{"class":58},[44,146481,146482,146484,146486,146489,146491,146493],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146483,41805],{"class":50},[44,146485,55],{"class":54},[44,146487,146488],{"class":139}," sum",[44,146490,127],{"class":58},[44,146492,4268],{"class":123},[44,146494,133],{"class":58},[44,146496,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,146498,140],{"class":139},[44,146500,127],{"class":58},[44,146502,41834],{"class":123},[44,146504,4281],{"class":58},[44,146506,27414],{"class":1992},[20,146508,1296,146509,146511],{},[15,146510,146435],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,146513,186,146515,189],{"id":146514},"what-sum-does",[15,146516,146435],{},[20,146518,146519,146521],{},[15,146520,146435],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146523,146524],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[205,146526,146527,146530,146533,146538],{},[208,146528,146529],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[208,146531,146532],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[208,146534,146535,146536],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146537,36820],{},[208,146539,146540,146541,146543],{},"Counting ",[15,146542,4226],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146545,146546],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,146548,234],{"id":233},[35,146550,146552],{"className":37,"code":146551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146553,146554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146555,146556,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146557,146558],{"class":139},"sum",[44,146560,127],{"class":58},[44,146562,4340],{"class":123},[44,146564,66],{"class":58},[44,146566,36673],{"class":9798},[44,146568,55],{"class":54},[44,146570,2748],{"class":62},[44,146572,133],{"class":58},[205,146574,146575,146580,146585],{},[208,146576,146577,146579],{},[15,146578,4340],{}," is the group of values to add",[208,146581,146582,146584],{},[15,146583,36694],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[208,146586,146587,146588],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146589,146590],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146592,146593,146594,146597,146598,120],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146595,146596,4340],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[176,146599,146600,25235],{"href":36817},[15,146601,36820],{},[30,146603,613],{"id":612},[20,146605,146606],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,146608,146610],{"className":37,"code":146609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146611,146612,146632,146646,146650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146613,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146615,884],{"class":50},[44,146617,55],{"class":54},[44,146619,1954],{"class":58},[44,146621,357],{"class":62},[44,146623,66],{"class":58},[44,146625,6622],{"class":62},[44,146627,66],{"class":58},[44,146629,38558],{"class":62},[44,146631,1967],{"class":58},[44,146633,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146635,41805],{"class":50},[44,146637,55],{"class":54},[44,146639,146488],{"class":139},[44,146641,127],{"class":58},[44,146643,4268],{"class":123},[44,146645,133],{"class":58},[44,146647,146648],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,146649,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,146651,146652,146654,146656,146658],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,146653,140],{"class":139},[44,146655,127],{"class":58},[44,146657,41834],{"class":123},[44,146659,133],{"class":58},[20,146661,150],{},[35,146663,146664],{"className":37,"code":70464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146665,146666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146667,146668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146669,70464],{"class":62},[20,146671,832],{},[205,146673,146674,146679,146685],{},[208,146675,146676,146678],{},[15,146677,4268],{}," contains three integers",[208,146680,146681,146684],{},[15,146682,146683],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[208,146686,146687,146688],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146689,41834],{},[30,146691,37235,146693,9055],{"id":146692},"using-the-start-value",[15,146694,36694],{},[20,146696,146697],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,146699,146701],{"className":37,"code":146700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146702,146703,146723,146741,146745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146704,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146706,884],{"class":50},[44,146708,55],{"class":54},[44,146710,1954],{"class":58},[44,146712,63],{"class":62},[44,146714,66],{"class":58},[44,146716,69],{"class":62},[44,146718,66],{"class":58},[44,146720,74],{"class":62},[44,146722,1967],{"class":58},[44,146724,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146726,41805],{"class":50},[44,146728,55],{"class":54},[44,146730,146488],{"class":139},[44,146732,127],{"class":58},[44,146734,4268],{"class":123},[44,146736,66],{"class":58},[44,146738,6622],{"class":62},[44,146740,133],{"class":58},[44,146742,146743],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,146744,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,146746,146747,146749,146751,146753],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,146748,140],{"class":139},[44,146750,127],{"class":58},[44,146752,41834],{"class":123},[44,146754,133],{"class":58},[20,146756,150],{},[35,146758,146760],{"className":37,"code":146759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,146761,146762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146763,146764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146765,146759],{"class":62},[20,146767,146768],{},"This works like:",[205,146770,146771,146776,146781,146785],{},[208,146772,146773,146774],{},"Start at ",[15,146775,2958],{},[208,146777,146778,146779],{},"Add ",[15,146780,63],{},[208,146782,146778,146783],{},[15,146784,339],{},[208,146786,146778,146787],{},[15,146788,95],{},[20,146790,146791],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,146793,186,146795,146797],{"id":146794},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146796,146435],{}," can work with",[20,146799,146800,146802],{},[15,146801,146435],{}," works with numeric values.",[1044,146804,41048],{"id":41047},[35,146806,146808],{"className":37,"code":146807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146809,146810,146834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146811,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146813,4441],{"class":50},[44,146815,55],{"class":54},[44,146817,1954],{"class":58},[44,146819,63],{"class":62},[44,146821,66],{"class":58},[44,146823,69],{"class":62},[44,146825,66],{"class":58},[44,146827,74],{"class":62},[44,146829,66],{"class":58},[44,146831,79],{"class":62},[44,146833,1967],{"class":58},[44,146835,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146837,140],{"class":139},[44,146839,127],{"class":58},[44,146841,146558],{"class":139},[44,146843,127],{"class":58},[44,146845,5976],{"class":123},[44,146847,556],{"class":58},[20,146849,150],{},[35,146851,146852],{"className":37,"code":3004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146853,146854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146855,146856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146857,3004],{"class":62},[1044,146859,146860],{"id":52671},"Floats",[35,146862,146864],{"className":37,"code":146863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146865,146866,146888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146867,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146881,146883,146886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146869,83671],{"class":50},[44,146871,55],{"class":54},[44,146873,1954],{"class":58},[44,146875,41781],{"class":62},[44,146877,66],{"class":58},[44,146879,146880],{"class":62}," 3.75",[44,146882,66],{"class":58},[44,146884,146885],{"class":62}," 1.25",[44,146887,1967],{"class":58},[44,146889,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,146891,140],{"class":139},[44,146893,127],{"class":58},[44,146895,146558],{"class":139},[44,146897,127],{"class":58},[44,146899,83707],{"class":123},[44,146901,556],{"class":58},[20,146903,150],{},[35,146905,146907],{"className":37,"code":146906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146908,146909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146910,146911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146912,146906],{"class":62},[20,146914,146915,146916,120],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[176,146917,146918],{"href":3047},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1044,146920,146922,146923],{"id":146921},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146924,36820],{},[35,146926,146928],{"className":37,"code":146927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146929,146930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146933,140],{"class":139},[44,146935,127],{"class":58},[44,146937,146558],{"class":139},[44,146939,127],{"class":58},[44,146941,60621],{"class":139},[44,146943,127],{"class":58},[44,146945,63],{"class":62},[44,146947,66],{"class":58},[44,146949,911],{"class":62},[44,146951,2432],{"class":58},[20,146953,150],{},[35,146955,146956],{"className":37,"code":47664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146959,146960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146961,47664],{"class":62},[20,146963,114005,146964,120],{},[15,146965,146966],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1044,146968,146970],{"id":146969},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146972,146973,146974,146976,146977,2495,146979,146976,146981,120],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146975,4226],{}," acts like ",[15,146978,63],{},[15,146980,4294],{},[15,146982,2748],{},[35,146984,146986],{"className":37,"code":146985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146987,146988,147012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146989,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146991,52591],{"class":50},[44,146993,55],{"class":54},[44,146995,1954],{"class":58},[44,146997,4226],{"class":4471},[44,146999,66],{"class":58},[44,147001,4528],{"class":4471},[44,147003,66],{"class":58},[44,147005,4537],{"class":4471},[44,147007,66],{"class":58},[44,147009,4537],{"class":4471},[44,147011,1967],{"class":58},[44,147013,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147015,140],{"class":139},[44,147017,127],{"class":58},[44,147019,146558],{"class":139},[44,147021,127],{"class":58},[44,147023,52644],{"class":123},[44,147025,556],{"class":58},[20,147027,150],{},[35,147029,147030],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147031,147032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147033,147034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147035,47240],{"class":62},[20,147037,147038,147039,120],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147040,4226],{},[30,147042,186,147044,147046],{"id":147043},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147045,146435],{}," does not work with",[20,147048,147049,147051],{},[15,147050,146435],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1044,147053,147055],{"id":147054},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147057,3461],{},[35,147059,147061],{"className":37,"code":147060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147062,147063,147087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147064,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147066,4692],{"class":50},[44,147068,55],{"class":54},[44,147070,1954],{"class":58},[44,147072,633],{"class":583},[44,147074,4464],{"class":587},[44,147076,633],{"class":583},[44,147078,66],{"class":58},[44,147080,643],{"class":583},[44,147082,61214],{"class":587},[44,147084,633],{"class":583},[44,147086,1967],{"class":58},[44,147088,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147090,140],{"class":139},[44,147092,127],{"class":58},[44,147094,146558],{"class":139},[44,147096,127],{"class":58},[44,147098,4734],{"class":123},[44,147100,556],{"class":58},[20,147102,147103],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,147105,147107],{"className":37,"code":147106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147108,147109,147133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147110,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147112,4692],{"class":50},[44,147114,55],{"class":54},[44,147116,1954],{"class":58},[44,147118,633],{"class":583},[44,147120,4464],{"class":587},[44,147122,633],{"class":583},[44,147124,66],{"class":58},[44,147126,643],{"class":583},[44,147128,61214],{"class":587},[44,147130,633],{"class":583},[44,147132,1967],{"class":58},[44,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147136,140],{"class":139},[44,147138,127],{"class":58},[44,147140,6890],{"class":583},[44,147142,120],{"class":58},[44,147144,133960],{"class":123},[44,147146,127],{"class":58},[44,147148,4734],{"class":123},[44,147150,556],{"class":58},[20,147152,150],{},[35,147154,147156],{"className":37,"code":147155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,147157,147158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147159,147160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147161,147155],{"class":50},[20,147163,147164,147165,120],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[176,147166,147167,6401],{"href":42798},[15,147168,48307],{},[1044,147170,147172],{"id":147171},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147174,147175],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,147177,147179],{"className":37,"code":147178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147180,147181,147208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147182,147183,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204,147206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147184,147185],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,147187,55],{"class":54},[44,147189,56919],{"class":58},[44,147191,63],{"class":62},[44,147193,66],{"class":58},[44,147195,69],{"class":62},[44,147197,18680],{"class":58},[44,147199,1954],{"class":58},[44,147201,95],{"class":62},[44,147203,66],{"class":58},[44,147205,79],{"class":62},[44,147207,53868],{"class":58},[44,147209,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147211,140],{"class":139},[44,147213,127],{"class":58},[44,147215,146558],{"class":139},[44,147217,127],{"class":58},[44,147219,5918],{"class":123},[44,147221,556],{"class":58},[20,147223,147224,147226],{},[15,147225,146435],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1044,147228,147230],{"id":147229},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147232,6090],{},[35,147234,147236],{"className":37,"code":147235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147237,147238,147262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147239,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147241,4441],{"class":50},[44,147243,55],{"class":54},[44,147245,1954],{"class":58},[44,147247,63],{"class":62},[44,147249,66],{"class":58},[44,147251,69],{"class":62},[44,147253,66],{"class":58},[44,147255,643],{"class":583},[44,147257,95],{"class":587},[44,147259,633],{"class":583},[44,147261,1967],{"class":58},[44,147263,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147265,140],{"class":139},[44,147267,127],{"class":58},[44,147269,146558],{"class":139},[44,147271,127],{"class":58},[44,147273,5976],{"class":123},[44,147275,556],{"class":58},[20,147277,147278],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147280,147281,147282,147284,147285,120],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147283,66569],{},", convert them first. See ",[176,147286,3586],{"href":3585},[30,147288,42127],{"id":42126},[20,147290,147291,147292,120],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147293,146435],{},[1044,147295,7141],{"id":7140},[20,147297,5144],{},[35,147299,147301],{"className":37,"code":147300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147302,147303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147304,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147306,140],{"class":139},[44,147308,127],{"class":58},[44,147310,146558],{"class":139},[44,147312,127],{"class":58},[44,147314,357],{"class":62},[44,147316,556],{"class":58},[20,147318,147319],{},"Why it fails:",[205,147321,147322,147327],{},[208,147323,147324,147326],{},[15,147325,357],{}," is a single integer",[208,147328,147329,147331],{},[15,147330,146435],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147333,7171],{},[35,147335,147337],{"className":37,"code":147336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147338,147339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147340,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147342,140],{"class":139},[44,147344,127],{"class":58},[44,147346,146558],{"class":139},[44,147348,3609],{"class":58},[44,147350,357],{"class":62},[44,147352,3622],{"class":58},[20,147354,150],{},[35,147356,147357],{"className":37,"code":3570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147358,147359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147360,147361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147362,3570],{"class":62},[1044,147364,147366],{"id":147365},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147368,5144],{},[35,147370,147372],{"className":37,"code":147371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147373,147374,147406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147375,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147377,4441],{"class":50},[44,147379,55],{"class":54},[44,147381,1954],{"class":58},[44,147383,633],{"class":583},[44,147385,63],{"class":587},[44,147387,633],{"class":583},[44,147389,66],{"class":58},[44,147391,643],{"class":583},[44,147393,339],{"class":587},[44,147395,633],{"class":583},[44,147397,66],{"class":58},[44,147399,643],{"class":583},[44,147401,95],{"class":587},[44,147403,633],{"class":583},[44,147405,1967],{"class":58},[44,147407,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147409,140],{"class":139},[44,147411,127],{"class":58},[44,147413,146558],{"class":139},[44,147415,127],{"class":58},[44,147417,5976],{"class":123},[44,147419,556],{"class":58},[20,147421,147422],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,147424,147426],{"className":37,"code":147425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147427,147428,147460,147488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147429,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147431,4441],{"class":50},[44,147433,55],{"class":54},[44,147435,1954],{"class":58},[44,147437,633],{"class":583},[44,147439,63],{"class":587},[44,147441,633],{"class":583},[44,147443,66],{"class":58},[44,147445,643],{"class":583},[44,147447,339],{"class":587},[44,147449,633],{"class":583},[44,147451,66],{"class":58},[44,147453,643],{"class":583},[44,147455,95],{"class":587},[44,147457,633],{"class":583},[44,147459,1967],{"class":58},[44,147461,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147463,41805],{"class":50},[44,147465,55],{"class":54},[44,147467,146488],{"class":139},[44,147469,127],{"class":58},[44,147471,2816],{"class":548},[44,147473,127],{"class":58},[44,147475,2801],{"class":123},[44,147477,4281],{"class":58},[44,147479,4497],{"class":4496},[44,147481,4500],{"class":123},[44,147483,4503],{"class":4496},[44,147485,4506],{"class":123},[44,147487,133],{"class":58},[44,147489,147490,147492,147494,147496],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,147491,140],{"class":139},[44,147493,127],{"class":58},[44,147495,41834],{"class":123},[44,147497,133],{"class":58},[20,147499,150],{},[35,147501,147502],{"className":37,"code":3279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147503,147504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147505,147506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147507,3279],{"class":62},[20,147509,147510],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1044,147512,147514],{"id":147513},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147516,5144],{},[35,147518,147520],{"className":37,"code":147519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147521,147522,147550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147523,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147525,4441],{"class":50},[44,147527,55],{"class":54},[44,147529,1954],{"class":58},[44,147531,63],{"class":62},[44,147533,66],{"class":58},[44,147535,69],{"class":62},[44,147537,66],{"class":58},[44,147539,643],{"class":583},[44,147541,95],{"class":587},[44,147543,633],{"class":583},[44,147545,66],{"class":58},[44,147547,79],{"class":62},[44,147549,1967],{"class":58},[44,147551,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147553,140],{"class":139},[44,147555,127],{"class":58},[44,147557,146558],{"class":139},[44,147559,127],{"class":58},[44,147561,5976],{"class":123},[44,147563,556],{"class":58},[20,147565,147566],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,147568,147570],{"className":37,"code":147569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147571,147572,147600,147628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147573,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147575,4441],{"class":50},[44,147577,55],{"class":54},[44,147579,1954],{"class":58},[44,147581,63],{"class":62},[44,147583,66],{"class":58},[44,147585,69],{"class":62},[44,147587,66],{"class":58},[44,147589,643],{"class":583},[44,147591,95],{"class":587},[44,147593,633],{"class":583},[44,147595,66],{"class":58},[44,147597,79],{"class":62},[44,147599,1967],{"class":58},[44,147601,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147603,41805],{"class":50},[44,147605,55],{"class":54},[44,147607,146488],{"class":139},[44,147609,127],{"class":58},[44,147611,2816],{"class":548},[44,147613,127],{"class":58},[44,147615,2801],{"class":123},[44,147617,4281],{"class":58},[44,147619,4497],{"class":4496},[44,147621,4500],{"class":123},[44,147623,4503],{"class":4496},[44,147625,4506],{"class":123},[44,147627,133],{"class":58},[44,147629,147630,147632,147634,147636],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,147631,140],{"class":139},[44,147633,127],{"class":58},[44,147635,41834],{"class":123},[44,147637,133],{"class":58},[20,147639,150],{},[35,147641,147642],{"className":37,"code":3004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147643,147644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147645,147646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147647,3004],{"class":62},[1044,147649,863,147651,147653],{"id":147650},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147652,146435],{}," to join text",[20,147655,5144],{},[35,147657,147659],{"className":37,"code":147658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147660,147661,147717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147662,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147664,36712],{"class":50},[44,147666,55],{"class":54},[44,147668,1954],{"class":58},[44,147670,633],{"class":583},[44,147672,134559],{"class":587},[44,147674,633],{"class":583},[44,147676,66],{"class":58},[44,147678,643],{"class":583},[44,147680,12361],{"class":587},[44,147682,633],{"class":583},[44,147684,66],{"class":58},[44,147686,643],{"class":583},[44,147688,63910],{"class":587},[44,147690,633],{"class":583},[44,147692,66],{"class":58},[44,147694,643],{"class":583},[44,147696,61061],{"class":587},[44,147698,633],{"class":583},[44,147700,66],{"class":58},[44,147702,643],{"class":583},[44,147704,61096],{"class":587},[44,147706,633],{"class":583},[44,147708,66],{"class":58},[44,147710,643],{"class":583},[44,147712,76654],{"class":587},[44,147714,633],{"class":583},[44,147716,1967],{"class":58},[44,147718,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147720,140],{"class":139},[44,147722,127],{"class":58},[44,147724,146558],{"class":139},[44,147726,127],{"class":58},[44,147728,36765],{"class":123},[44,147730,556],{"class":58},[20,147732,1296,147733,61155],{},[15,147734,133883],{},[35,147736,147738],{"className":37,"code":147737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147739,147740,147796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147741,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147743,36712],{"class":50},[44,147745,55],{"class":54},[44,147747,1954],{"class":58},[44,147749,633],{"class":583},[44,147751,134559],{"class":587},[44,147753,633],{"class":583},[44,147755,66],{"class":58},[44,147757,643],{"class":583},[44,147759,12361],{"class":587},[44,147761,633],{"class":583},[44,147763,66],{"class":58},[44,147765,643],{"class":583},[44,147767,63910],{"class":587},[44,147769,633],{"class":583},[44,147771,66],{"class":58},[44,147773,643],{"class":583},[44,147775,61061],{"class":587},[44,147777,633],{"class":583},[44,147779,66],{"class":58},[44,147781,643],{"class":583},[44,147783,61096],{"class":587},[44,147785,633],{"class":583},[44,147787,66],{"class":58},[44,147789,643],{"class":583},[44,147791,76654],{"class":587},[44,147793,633],{"class":583},[44,147795,1967],{"class":58},[44,147797,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147799,140],{"class":139},[44,147801,127],{"class":58},[44,147803,6890],{"class":583},[44,147805,120],{"class":58},[44,147807,133960],{"class":123},[44,147809,127],{"class":58},[44,147811,36765],{"class":123},[44,147813,556],{"class":58},[20,147815,150],{},[35,147817,147818],{"className":37,"code":134640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147819,147820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147821,147822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147823,134640],{"class":50},[20,147825,147826,147827,120],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[176,147828,147829],{"href":135721},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147831,147833,147835],{"id":147832},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147834,146435],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147837,147838,147840],{},[15,147839,146435],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1044,147842,863,147844],{"id":147843},"using-sum",[15,147845,146435],{},[35,147847,147849],{"className":37,"code":147848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147850,147851,147871,147885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147852,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147854,884],{"class":50},[44,147856,55],{"class":54},[44,147858,1954],{"class":58},[44,147860,1517],{"class":62},[44,147862,66],{"class":58},[44,147864,960],{"class":62},[44,147866,66],{"class":58},[44,147868,54762],{"class":62},[44,147870,1967],{"class":58},[44,147872,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147874,41805],{"class":50},[44,147876,55],{"class":54},[44,147878,146488],{"class":139},[44,147880,127],{"class":58},[44,147882,4268],{"class":123},[44,147884,133],{"class":58},[44,147886,147887,147889,147891,147893],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,147888,140],{"class":139},[44,147890,127],{"class":58},[44,147892,41834],{"class":123},[44,147894,133],{"class":58},[1044,147896,147898],{"id":147897},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147900,147902],{"className":37,"code":147901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147903,147904,147924,147932,147936,147948,147956,147960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147905,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147907,884],{"class":50},[44,147909,55],{"class":54},[44,147911,1954],{"class":58},[44,147913,1517],{"class":62},[44,147915,66],{"class":58},[44,147917,960],{"class":62},[44,147919,66],{"class":58},[44,147921,54762],{"class":62},[44,147923,1967],{"class":58},[44,147925,147926,147928,147930],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,147927,41805],{"class":50},[44,147929,55],{"class":54},[44,147931,39135],{"class":62},[44,147933,147934],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,147935,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,147937,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,147939,6576],{"class":4496},[44,147941,7004],{"class":50},[44,147943,4503],{"class":4496},[44,147945,975],{"class":50},[44,147947,7011],{"class":58},[44,147949,147950,147952,147954],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,147951,90729],{"class":50},[44,147953,90732],{"class":54},[44,147955,90735],{"class":50},[44,147957,147958],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,147959,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,147961,147962,147964,147966,147968],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,147963,140],{"class":139},[44,147965,127],{"class":58},[44,147967,41834],{"class":123},[44,147969,133],{"class":58},[20,147971,147972],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147974,3116,147975,147977],{},[15,147976,146435],{}," is often better:",[205,147979,147980,147983,147986],{},[208,147981,147982],{},"Shorter code",[208,147984,147985],{},"Easier to read",[208,147987,147988],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147990,147991],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[205,147993,147994,147997,148000],{},[208,147995,147996],{},"You need to skip some values",[208,147998,147999],{},"You need extra checks",[208,148001,148002],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148004,148005,148006,148009,148010,148012],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[176,148007,148008],{"href":40631},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148011,146435],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,148014,3454],{"id":3453},[20,148016,148017,148018,1598],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148019,146435],{},[205,148021,148022,148028,148035,148042],{},[208,148023,148024,148025],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148026,148027],{},"sum(5)",[208,148029,148030,148031,148034],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148032,148033],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[208,148036,863,148037,148039,148040],{},[15,148038,146435],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148041,133883],{},[208,148043,148044],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148046,9497,148047,148049],{},[15,148048,146435],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,148051,148053],{"className":37,"code":148052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148054,148055,148065,148079,148103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148056,148057,148059,148061,148063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148058,140],{"class":139},[44,148060,127],{"class":58},[44,148062,5976],{"class":123},[44,148064,133],{"class":58},[44,148066,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148068,140],{"class":139},[44,148070,127],{"class":58},[44,148072,549],{"class":548},[44,148074,127],{"class":58},[44,148076,5976],{"class":123},[44,148078,556],{"class":58},[44,148080,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148082,140],{"class":139},[44,148084,3609],{"class":58},[44,148086,549],{"class":548},[44,148088,127],{"class":58},[44,148090,2801],{"class":123},[44,148092,4281],{"class":58},[44,148094,4497],{"class":4496},[44,148096,4500],{"class":123},[44,148098,4503],{"class":4496},[44,148100,4506],{"class":123},[44,148102,4509],{"class":58},[44,148104,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,148106,140],{"class":139},[44,148108,127],{"class":58},[44,148110,146558],{"class":139},[44,148112,3609],{"class":58},[44,148114,2816],{"class":548},[44,148116,127],{"class":58},[44,148118,2801],{"class":123},[44,148120,4281],{"class":58},[44,148122,4497],{"class":4496},[44,148124,4500],{"class":123},[44,148126,4503],{"class":4496},[44,148128,4506],{"class":123},[44,148130,3622],{"class":58},[20,148132,136454],{},[205,148134,148135,148141,148147,148152],{},[208,148136,148137,148140],{},[15,148138,148139],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[208,148142,148143,148146],{},[15,148144,148145],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[208,148148,148149,136476],{},[15,148150,148151],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[208,148153,148154,148157],{},[15,148155,148156],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,148159,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,148161,5760,148163,5763],{"id":148162},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148164,146435],{},[20,148166,148167],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1044,148169,5788,148171,148173],{"id":148170},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148172,146435],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148175,30889,148176,428,148179,148182],{},[15,148177,148178],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148180,148181],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1044,148184,5788,148186,148188],{"id":148185},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148187,146435],{}," work with floats?",[20,148190,148191],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1044,148193,148195,148196,1447],{"id":148194},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148197,146435],{},[20,148199,148200,148201,148203],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148202,36694],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1044,148205,5776,148207,119839,148209,1447],{"id":148206},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148208,146435],{},[15,148210,3628],{},[20,148212,148213],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,148215,2528],{"id":2527},[205,148217,148218,148222,148228,148234,148240,148244,148248],{},[208,148219,148220],{},[176,148221,146918],{"href":3047},[208,148223,148224],{},[176,148225,4197,148226,4130],{"href":36817},[15,148227,36820],{},[208,148229,148230],{},[176,148231,4197,148232,4130],{"href":42981},[15,148233,42984],{},[208,148235,148236],{},[176,148237,4197,148238,4130],{"href":42798},[15,148239,48307],{},[208,148241,148242],{},[176,148243,5839],{"href":40631},[208,148245,148246],{},[176,148247,4147],{"href":3585},[208,148249,148250],{},[176,148251,147829],{"href":135721},[2554,148253,148254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":148256},[148257,148258,148260,148261,148262,148264,148272,148278,148285,148291,148292,148304],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":146514,"depth":85,"text":148259},"What sum() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":146692,"depth":85,"text":148263},"Using the start value",{"id":146794,"depth":85,"text":148265,"children":148266},"What sum() can work with",[148267,148268,148269,148271],{"id":41047,"depth":109,"text":41048},{"id":52671,"depth":109,"text":146860},{"id":146921,"depth":109,"text":148270},"Values from range()",{"id":146969,"depth":109,"text":146970},{"id":147043,"depth":85,"text":148273,"children":148274},"What sum() does not work with",[148275,148276,148277],{"id":147054,"depth":109,"text":147055},{"id":147171,"depth":109,"text":147172},{"id":147229,"depth":109,"text":147230},{"id":42126,"depth":85,"text":42127,"children":148279},[148280,148281,148282,148283],{"id":7140,"depth":109,"text":7141},{"id":147365,"depth":109,"text":147366},{"id":147513,"depth":109,"text":147514},{"id":147650,"depth":109,"text":148284},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147832,"depth":85,"text":148286,"children":148287},"sum() vs manual loop",[148288,148290],{"id":147843,"depth":109,"text":148289},"Using sum()",{"id":147897,"depth":109,"text":147898},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":148293},[148294,148296,148298,148300,148302],{"id":148162,"depth":109,"text":148295},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148170,"depth":109,"text":148297},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148185,"depth":109,"text":148299},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148194,"depth":109,"text":148301},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148206,"depth":109,"text":148303},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146427,"description":148305},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148312,"title":148313,"body":148314,"description":149716,"extension":2593,"meta":149717,"navigation":364,"path":149718,"seo":149719,"stem":149720,"__hash__":149721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148315,"toc":149684},[148316,148322,148328,148331,148394,148400,148405,148409,148426,148440,148444,148464,148478,148480,148573,148575,148589,148591,148594,148683,148685,148693,148702,148704,148708,148729,148731,148823,148825,148846,148848,148852,148866,148868,148942,148944,148963,148967,148970,148993,148995,149106,149113,149121,149123,149129,149132,149175,149178,149201,149209,149213,149288,149294,149319,149326,149329,149332,149336,149341,149429,149437,149441,149444,149469,149473,149534,149538,149587,149597,149599,149604,149607,149613,149616,149620,149624,149630,149633,149641,149649,149651,149681],[10,148317,148319,148320,18],{"id":148318},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148321,57915],{},[20,148323,148324,148327],{},[15,148325,148326],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148329,148330],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,148332,148334],{"className":37,"code":148333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148335,148336,148364,148382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148337,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148339,884],{"class":50},[44,148341,55],{"class":54},[44,148343,9859],{"class":58},[44,148345,63],{"class":62},[44,148347,66],{"class":58},[44,148349,69],{"class":62},[44,148351,66],{"class":58},[44,148353,69],{"class":62},[44,148355,66],{"class":58},[44,148357,74],{"class":62},[44,148359,66],{"class":58},[44,148361,69],{"class":62},[44,148363,133],{"class":58},[44,148365,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148367,112],{"class":50},[44,148369,55],{"class":54},[44,148371,975],{"class":50},[44,148373,120],{"class":58},[44,148375,41882],{"class":123},[44,148377,127],{"class":58},[44,148379,339],{"class":62},[44,148381,133],{"class":58},[44,148383,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148385,140],{"class":139},[44,148387,127],{"class":58},[44,148389,145],{"class":123},[44,148391,4281],{"class":58},[44,148393,51395],{"class":1992},[20,148395,1296,148396,148399],{},[15,148397,148398],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,148401,186,148403,189],{"id":148402},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148404,148326],{},[20,148406,148407,1598],{},[15,148408,148398],{},[205,148410,148411,148417,148420,148423],{},[208,148412,148413,148414,148416],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148415,3100],{}," appears in the tuple",[208,148418,148419],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[208,148421,148422],{},"Returns an integer",[208,148424,148425],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148427,148428,148429,148431,148432,428,148436,120],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148430,57915],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[176,148433,148435],{"href":148434},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[176,148437,148439],{"href":148438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,148441,148443],{"id":148442},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,148445,148447],{"className":37,"code":148446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148448,148449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148450,148451,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148452,148453],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,148455,120],{"class":58},[44,148457,41882],{"class":123},[44,148459,127],{"class":58},[44,148461,3100],{"class":123},[44,148463,133],{"class":58},[205,148465,148466,148470,148473],{},[208,148467,148468,58080],{},[15,148469,3100],{},[208,148471,148472],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[208,148474,148475,148476],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148477,2748],{},[1044,148479,103554],{"id":103553},[35,148481,148483],{"className":37,"code":148482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148484,148485,148525,148549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148486,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148488,13692],{"class":50},[44,148490,55],{"class":54},[44,148492,9859],{"class":58},[44,148494,633],{"class":583},[44,148496,13709],{"class":587},[44,148498,633],{"class":583},[44,148500,66],{"class":58},[44,148502,643],{"class":583},[44,148504,13726],{"class":587},[44,148506,633],{"class":583},[44,148508,66],{"class":58},[44,148510,643],{"class":583},[44,148512,13709],{"class":587},[44,148514,633],{"class":583},[44,148516,66],{"class":58},[44,148518,643],{"class":583},[44,148520,18073],{"class":587},[44,148522,633],{"class":583},[44,148524,133],{"class":58},[44,148526,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148528,140],{"class":139},[44,148530,127],{"class":58},[44,148532,18120],{"class":123},[44,148534,120],{"class":58},[44,148536,41882],{"class":123},[44,148538,127],{"class":58},[44,148540,633],{"class":583},[44,148542,13709],{"class":587},[44,148544,633],{"class":583},[44,148546,5979],{"class":58},[44,148548,58270],{"class":1992},[44,148550,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148552,140],{"class":139},[44,148554,127],{"class":58},[44,148556,18120],{"class":123},[44,148558,120],{"class":58},[44,148560,41882],{"class":123},[44,148562,127],{"class":58},[44,148564,633],{"class":583},[44,148566,23142],{"class":587},[44,148568,633],{"class":583},[44,148570,5979],{"class":58},[44,148572,51872],{"class":1992},[20,148574,20575],{},[205,148576,148577,148582],{},[208,148578,148579,148581],{},[15,148580,66016],{}," appears 2 times",[208,148583,148584,148586,148587],{},[15,148585,110250],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148588,2748],{},[30,148590,613],{"id":612},[20,148592,148593],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,148595,148597],{"className":37,"code":148596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148598,148599,148647,148651,148673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148600,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148602,36861],{"class":50},[44,148604,55],{"class":54},[44,148606,9859],{"class":58},[44,148608,633],{"class":583},[44,148610,636],{"class":587},[44,148612,633],{"class":583},[44,148614,66],{"class":58},[44,148616,643],{"class":583},[44,148618,646],{"class":587},[44,148620,633],{"class":583},[44,148622,66],{"class":58},[44,148624,643],{"class":583},[44,148626,636],{"class":587},[44,148628,633],{"class":583},[44,148630,66],{"class":58},[44,148632,643],{"class":583},[44,148634,655],{"class":587},[44,148636,633],{"class":583},[44,148638,66],{"class":58},[44,148640,643],{"class":583},[44,148642,636],{"class":587},[44,148644,633],{"class":583},[44,148646,133],{"class":58},[44,148648,148649],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148650,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,148652,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148654,112],{"class":50},[44,148656,55],{"class":54},[44,148658,53477],{"class":50},[44,148660,120],{"class":58},[44,148662,41882],{"class":123},[44,148664,127],{"class":58},[44,148666,633],{"class":583},[44,148668,636],{"class":587},[44,148670,633],{"class":583},[44,148672,133],{"class":58},[44,148674,148675,148677,148679,148681],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,148676,140],{"class":139},[44,148678,127],{"class":58},[44,148680,145],{"class":123},[44,148682,133],{"class":58},[20,148684,150],{},[35,148686,148687],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,148688,148689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148690,148691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148692,47240],{"class":62},[20,148694,148695,148697,148698,3025,148700,120],{},[15,148696,850],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148699,57915],{},[15,148701,95],{},[30,148703,38642],{"id":38641},[20,148705,58169,148706,129189],{},[15,148707,57915],{},[205,148709,148710,148715,148720,148723],{},[208,148711,12041,148712,148714],{},[15,148713,2748],{}," when the value does not exist",[208,148716,12041,148717,148719],{},[15,148718,63],{}," when the value appears once",[208,148721,148722],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[208,148724,148725,148726,148728],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148727,7615],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148730,295],{},[35,148732,148734],{"className":37,"code":148733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148735,148736,148777,148781,148808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148737,148738,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148739,148740],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,148742,55],{"class":54},[44,148744,9859],{"class":58},[44,148746,633],{"class":583},[44,148748,9279],{"class":587},[44,148750,633],{"class":583},[44,148752,66],{"class":58},[44,148754,643],{"class":583},[44,148756,9220],{"class":587},[44,148758,633],{"class":583},[44,148760,66],{"class":58},[44,148762,643],{"class":583},[44,148764,9279],{"class":587},[44,148766,633],{"class":583},[44,148768,66],{"class":58},[44,148770,643],{"class":583},[44,148772,9279],{"class":587},[44,148774,633],{"class":583},[44,148776,133],{"class":58},[44,148778,148779],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148780,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,148782,148783,148785,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148784,7615],{"class":4496},[44,148786,148787],{"class":50}," answers",[44,148789,120],{"class":58},[44,148791,41882],{"class":123},[44,148793,127],{"class":58},[44,148795,633],{"class":583},[44,148797,9279],{"class":587},[44,148799,633],{"class":583},[44,148801,4281],{"class":58},[44,148803,39018],{"class":54},[44,148805,2212],{"class":62},[44,148807,7011],{"class":58},[44,148809,148810,148812,148814,148816,148819,148821],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,148811,8690],{"class":139},[44,148813,127],{"class":58},[44,148815,633],{"class":583},[44,148817,148818],{"class":587},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148820,633],{"class":583},[44,148822,133],{"class":58},[20,148824,150],{},[35,148826,148828],{"className":37,"code":148827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148829,148830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148831,148832,148835,148837,148839,148841,148844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148833,148834],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148836,590],{"class":583},[44,148838,9279],{"class":587},[44,148840,590],{"class":583},[44,148842,148843],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148845,122833],{"class":58},[30,148847,41668],{"id":41667},[20,148849,36026,148850,105017],{},[15,148851,148326],{},[205,148853,148854,148857,148860,148863],{},[208,148855,148856],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[208,148858,148859],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[208,148861,148862],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[208,148864,148865],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148867,295],{},[35,148869,148871],{"className":37,"code":148870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148872,148873,148901,148905,148927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148874,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148876,5681],{"class":50},[44,148878,55],{"class":54},[44,148880,9859],{"class":58},[44,148882,2958],{"class":62},[44,148884,66],{"class":58},[44,148886,8410],{"class":62},[44,148888,66],{"class":58},[44,148890,6622],{"class":62},[44,148892,66],{"class":58},[44,148894,8415],{"class":62},[44,148896,66],{"class":58},[44,148898,6622],{"class":62},[44,148900,133],{"class":58},[44,148902,148903],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,148904,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,148908,7615],{"class":4496},[44,148910,5728],{"class":50},[44,148912,120],{"class":58},[44,148914,41882],{"class":123},[44,148916,127],{"class":58},[44,148918,2958],{"class":62},[44,148920,4281],{"class":58},[44,148922,51913],{"class":54},[44,148924,69],{"class":62},[44,148926,7011],{"class":58},[44,148928,148929,148931,148933,148935,148938,148940],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,148930,8690],{"class":139},[44,148932,127],{"class":58},[44,148934,633],{"class":583},[44,148936,148937],{"class":587},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148939,633],{"class":583},[44,148941,133],{"class":58},[20,148943,150],{},[35,148945,148947],{"className":37,"code":148946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148948,148949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148950,148951,148954,148956,148958,148961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148952,148953],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148955,2958],{"class":62},[44,148957,8718],{"class":54},[44,148959,148960],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148962,122833],{"class":58},[30,148964,148966],{"id":148965},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148968,148969],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[205,148971,148972,148978,148983,148986],{},[208,148973,148974,148975,148977],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148976,57915],{}," still works because it only reads data",[208,148979,148980,148982],{},[15,148981,57915],{}," counts exact matches",[208,148984,148985],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[208,148987,148988,2495,148990,148992],{},[15,148989,63],{},[15,148991,42781],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148994,295],{},[35,148996,148998],{"className":37,"code":148997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148999,149000,149034,149038,149058,149082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149015,149017,149019,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149003,4441],{"class":50},[44,149005,55],{"class":54},[44,149007,9859],{"class":58},[44,149009,63],{"class":62},[44,149011,66],{"class":58},[44,149013,149014],{"class":62}," 1.0",[44,149016,66],{"class":58},[44,149018,643],{"class":583},[44,149020,149021],{"class":587},"Cat",[44,149023,633],{"class":583},[44,149025,66],{"class":58},[44,149027,643],{"class":583},[44,149029,2122],{"class":587},[44,149031,633],{"class":583},[44,149033,133],{"class":58},[44,149035,149036],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149037,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149041,140],{"class":139},[44,149043,127],{"class":58},[44,149045,5976],{"class":123},[44,149047,120],{"class":58},[44,149049,41882],{"class":123},[44,149051,127],{"class":58},[44,149053,63],{"class":62},[44,149055,5979],{"class":58},[44,149057,51719],{"class":1992},[44,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,149061,140],{"class":139},[44,149063,127],{"class":58},[44,149065,5976],{"class":123},[44,149067,120],{"class":58},[44,149069,41882],{"class":123},[44,149071,127],{"class":58},[44,149073,633],{"class":583},[44,149075,149021],{"class":587},[44,149077,633],{"class":583},[44,149079,5979],{"class":58},[44,149081,28399],{"class":1992},[44,149083,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,149085,140],{"class":139},[44,149087,127],{"class":58},[44,149089,5976],{"class":123},[44,149091,120],{"class":58},[44,149093,41882],{"class":123},[44,149095,127],{"class":58},[44,149097,633],{"class":583},[44,149099,2122],{"class":587},[44,149101,633],{"class":583},[44,149103,5979],{"class":58},[44,149105,28399],{"class":1992},[20,149107,5776,149108,5779,149111,1447],{},[15,149109,149110],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149112,339],{},[20,149114,9407,149115,5400,149118,149120],{},[15,149116,149117],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149119,4226],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,149122,3454],{"id":3453},[1044,149124,863,149126,149128],{"id":149125},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149127,41882],{}," without parentheses",[20,149130,149131],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,149133,149135],{"className":37,"code":149134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149136,149137,149161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149138,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149140,884],{"class":50},[44,149142,55],{"class":54},[44,149144,9859],{"class":58},[44,149146,63],{"class":62},[44,149148,66],{"class":58},[44,149150,69],{"class":62},[44,149152,66],{"class":58},[44,149154,69],{"class":62},[44,149156,66],{"class":58},[44,149158,74],{"class":62},[44,149160,133],{"class":58},[44,149162,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149164,140],{"class":139},[44,149166,127],{"class":58},[44,149168,4268],{"class":123},[44,149170,120],{"class":58},[44,149172,41882],{"class":25368},[44,149174,133],{"class":58},[20,149176,149177],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,149179,149181],{"className":37,"code":149180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149182,149183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149184,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149186,140],{"class":139},[44,149188,127],{"class":58},[44,149190,4268],{"class":123},[44,149192,120],{"class":58},[44,149194,41882],{"class":123},[44,149196,127],{"class":58},[44,149198,339],{"class":62},[44,149200,556],{"class":58},[1044,149202,9075,149203,9078,149205,428,149207],{"id":59215},[15,149204,57915],{},[15,149206,4226],{},[15,149208,4294],{},[20,149210,149211,59226],{},[15,149212,57915],{},[35,149214,149216],{"className":37,"code":149215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149217,149218,149250,149272,149276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240,149242,149244,149246,149248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149221,36712],{"class":50},[44,149223,55],{"class":54},[44,149225,9859],{"class":58},[44,149227,633],{"class":583},[44,149229,176],{"class":587},[44,149231,633],{"class":583},[44,149233,66],{"class":58},[44,149235,643],{"class":583},[44,149237,130],{"class":587},[44,149239,633],{"class":583},[44,149241,66],{"class":58},[44,149243,643],{"class":583},[44,149245,176],{"class":587},[44,149247,633],{"class":583},[44,149249,133],{"class":58},[44,149251,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149253,112],{"class":50},[44,149255,55],{"class":54},[44,149257,70720],{"class":50},[44,149259,120],{"class":58},[44,149261,41882],{"class":123},[44,149263,127],{"class":58},[44,149265,633],{"class":583},[44,149267,176],{"class":587},[44,149269,633],{"class":583},[44,149271,133],{"class":58},[44,149273,149274],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149275,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,149277,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,149279,140],{"class":139},[44,149281,127],{"class":58},[44,149283,145],{"class":123},[44,149285,4281],{"class":58},[44,149287,52040],{"class":1992},[20,149289,149290,149291,149293],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149292,4503],{}," is often simpler:",[35,149295,149297],{"className":37,"code":149296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149298,149299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149300,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149302,140],{"class":139},[44,149304,127],{"class":58},[44,149306,633],{"class":583},[44,149308,176],{"class":587},[44,149310,633],{"class":583},[44,149312,21792],{"class":4496},[44,149314,70720],{"class":123},[44,149316,4281],{"class":58},[44,149318,4284],{"class":1992},[1044,149320,37826,149322,9326,149324],{"id":149321},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149323,148326],{},[15,149325,57920],{},[20,149327,149328],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149330,149331],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1044,149333,149335],{"id":149334},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149337,149338,149340],{},[15,149339,57915],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,149342,149344],{"className":37,"code":149343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149345,149346,149379,149405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149347,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149349,4692],{"class":50},[44,149351,55],{"class":54},[44,149353,9859],{"class":58},[44,149355,633],{"class":583},[44,149357,636],{"class":587},[44,149359,633],{"class":583},[44,149361,66],{"class":58},[44,149363,643],{"class":583},[44,149365,149366],{"class":587},"pineapple",[44,149368,633],{"class":583},[44,149370,66],{"class":58},[44,149372,643],{"class":583},[44,149374,636],{"class":587},[44,149376,633],{"class":583},[44,149378,133],{"class":58},[44,149380,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149398,149400,149402],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149382,140],{"class":139},[44,149384,127],{"class":58},[44,149386,4734],{"class":123},[44,149388,120],{"class":58},[44,149390,41882],{"class":123},[44,149392,127],{"class":58},[44,149394,633],{"class":583},[44,149396,149397],{"class":587},"app",[44,149399,633],{"class":583},[44,149401,5979],{"class":58},[44,149403,149404],{"class":1992},"    # 0\n",[44,149406,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149408,140],{"class":139},[44,149410,127],{"class":58},[44,149412,4734],{"class":123},[44,149414,120],{"class":58},[44,149416,41882],{"class":123},[44,149418,127],{"class":58},[44,149420,633],{"class":583},[44,149422,636],{"class":587},[44,149424,633],{"class":583},[44,149426,5979],{"class":58},[44,149428,52040],{"class":1992},[20,149430,149431,149434,149435,120],{},[15,149432,149433],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149436,2748],{},[30,149438,149440],{"id":149439},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149442,149443],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[205,149445,149446,149451,149460,149466],{},[208,149447,1296,149448,149450],{},[15,149449,4503],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[208,149452,1296,149453,149459],{},[176,149454,149456,149457],{"href":149455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149458,59590],{}," to find the position of a value",[208,149461,1296,149462,149465],{},[15,149463,149464],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[208,149467,149468],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149470,46663,149471,1598],{},[15,149472,4503],{},[35,149474,149476],{"className":37,"code":149475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149477,149478,149498,149502,149518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149479,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149481,884],{"class":50},[44,149483,55],{"class":54},[44,149485,9859],{"class":58},[44,149487,1517],{"class":62},[44,149489,66],{"class":58},[44,149491,960],{"class":62},[44,149493,66],{"class":58},[44,149495,54762],{"class":62},[44,149497,133],{"class":58},[44,149499,149500],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149501,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,149503,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149505,140],{"class":139},[44,149507,127],{"class":58},[44,149509,2655],{"class":62},[44,149511,21792],{"class":4496},[44,149513,975],{"class":123},[44,149515,4281],{"class":58},[44,149517,44478],{"class":1992},[44,149519,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,149521,140],{"class":139},[44,149523,127],{"class":58},[44,149525,357],{"class":62},[44,149527,21792],{"class":4496},[44,149529,975],{"class":123},[44,149531,4281],{"class":58},[44,149533,44495],{"class":1992},[20,149535,46663,149536,1598],{},[15,149537,59590],{},[35,149539,149541],{"className":37,"code":149540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149542,149543,149567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149544,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149546,884],{"class":50},[44,149548,55],{"class":54},[44,149550,9859],{"class":58},[44,149552,1517],{"class":62},[44,149554,66],{"class":58},[44,149556,960],{"class":62},[44,149558,66],{"class":58},[44,149560,54762],{"class":62},[44,149562,66],{"class":58},[44,149564,960],{"class":62},[44,149566,133],{"class":58},[44,149568,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149570,140],{"class":139},[44,149572,127],{"class":58},[44,149574,4268],{"class":123},[44,149576,120],{"class":58},[44,149578,36467],{"class":123},[44,149580,127],{"class":58},[44,149582,2655],{"class":62},[44,149584,5979],{"class":58},[44,149586,28399],{"class":1992},[20,149588,149589,149591,149592,149594,149596],{},[15,149590,57915],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10466,149593],{},[15,149595,59590],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,149598,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,149600,5760,149602,5763],{"id":149601},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149603,148326],{},[20,149605,149606],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1044,149608,2482,149610,149612],{"id":149609},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149611,148326],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149614,149615],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1044,149617,149619],{"id":149618},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149621,12527,149622,120],{},[15,149623,2748],{},[1044,149625,5788,149627,149629],{"id":149626},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149628,148326],{}," count strings?",[20,149631,149632],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1044,149634,2492,149636,2495,149638,1447],{"id":149635},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149637,148326],{},[15,149639,149640],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149642,149643,149645,149646,149648],{},[15,149644,57915],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149647,59590],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,149650,2528],{"id":2527},[205,149652,149653,149657,149662,149669,149677],{},[208,149654,149655],{},[176,149656,148435],{"href":148434},[208,149658,149659],{},[176,149660,149661],{"href":148438},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[208,149663,149664],{},[176,149665,149666,149667,2544],{"href":149455},"Python tuple ",[15,149668,59590],{},[208,149670,149671],{},[176,149672,149674,149675],{"href":149673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149676,42984],{},[208,149678,149679],{},[176,149680,59578],{"href":59577},[2554,149682,149683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":148442,"depth":85,"text":148443,"children":149689},[149690],{"id":103553,"depth":109,"text":103554},{"id":612,"depth":85,"text":613},{"id":38641,"depth":85,"text":38642},{"id":41667,"depth":85,"text":41668},{"id":148965,"depth":85,"text":148966},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":149696},[149697,149699,149700,149702],{"id":149125,"depth":109,"text":149698},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59215,"depth":109,"text":59631},{"id":149321,"depth":109,"text":149701},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149334,"depth":109,"text":149335},{"id":149439,"depth":85,"text":149440},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":149705},[149706,149708,149710,149711,149713],{"id":149601,"depth":109,"text":149707},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149609,"depth":109,"text":149709},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149618,"depth":109,"text":149619},{"id":149626,"depth":109,"text":149712},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149635,"depth":109,"text":149714},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148313,"description":149716},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149723,"title":149724,"body":149725,"description":151412,"extension":2593,"meta":151413,"navigation":364,"path":151414,"seo":151415,"stem":151416,"__hash__":151417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149726,"toc":151375},[149727,149730,149733,149742,149744,149874,149876,149937,149943,149945,149965,149969,149972,149975,150010,150012,150033,150036,150075,150077,150102,150109,150113,150116,150153,150155,150178,150181,150184,150196,150202,150206,150209,150215,150256,150258,150281,150284,150325,150327,150354,150356,150373,150375,150392,150395,150399,150402,150404,150438,150440,150487,150491,150530,150534,150537,150594,150596,150637,150643,150649,150654,150656,150693,150695,150715,150717,150750,150752,150785,150788,150792,150825,150827,150852,150855,150857,150871,150878,150880,150883,150887,150890,150925,150928,150963,150967,150970,151009,151012,151051,151055,151057,151087,151090,151097,151099,151131,151134,151166,151169,151200,151202,151219,151223,151226,151290,151292,151296,151303,151307,151310,151314,151317,151321,151324,151329,151335,151337,151372],[10,149728,149724],{"id":149729},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149731,149732],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149734,149735,149736,428,149740,120],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[176,149737,149739],{"href":149738},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[176,149741,148435],{"href":148434},[30,149743,2634],{"id":2633},[35,149745,149747],{"className":37,"code":149746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149748,149749,149769,149778,149792,149828,149832,149842,149852,149863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149750,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149752,884],{"class":50},[44,149754,55],{"class":54},[44,149756,9859],{"class":58},[44,149758,63],{"class":62},[44,149760,66],{"class":58},[44,149762,69],{"class":62},[44,149764,66],{"class":58},[44,149766,74],{"class":62},[44,149768,133],{"class":58},[44,149770,149771,149773,149775],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149772,125299],{"class":50},[44,149774,55],{"class":54},[44,149776,149777],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,149779,149780,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149781,149782],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,149784,55],{"class":54},[44,149786,9859],{"class":58},[44,149788,357],{"class":62},[44,149790,149791],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,149793,149794,149797,149799,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,149795,149796],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,149798,55],{"class":54},[44,149800,149801],{"class":548}," tuple",[44,149803,3609],{"class":58},[44,149805,633],{"class":583},[44,149807,176],{"class":587},[44,149809,633],{"class":583},[44,149811,66],{"class":58},[44,149813,643],{"class":583},[44,149815,130],{"class":587},[44,149817,633],{"class":583},[44,149819,66],{"class":58},[44,149821,643],{"class":583},[44,149823,431],{"class":587},[44,149825,633],{"class":583},[44,149827,4509],{"class":58},[44,149829,149830],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,149831,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,149833,149834,149836,149838,149840],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,149835,140],{"class":139},[44,149837,127],{"class":58},[44,149839,4268],{"class":123},[44,149841,133],{"class":58},[44,149843,149844,149846,149848,149850],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,149845,140],{"class":139},[44,149847,127],{"class":58},[44,149849,125350],{"class":123},[44,149851,133],{"class":58},[44,149853,149854,149856,149858,149861],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,149855,140],{"class":139},[44,149857,127],{"class":58},[44,149859,149860],{"class":123},"one_item",[44,149862,133],{"class":58},[44,149864,149865,149867,149869,149872],{"class":46,"line":7048},[44,149866,140],{"class":139},[44,149868,127],{"class":58},[44,149870,149871],{"class":123},"from_list",[44,149873,133],{"class":58},[20,149875,150],{},[35,149877,149879],{"className":37,"code":149878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149880,149881,149897,149901,149909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149882,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149884,127],{"class":58},[44,149886,63],{"class":62},[44,149888,66],{"class":58},[44,149890,69],{"class":62},[44,149892,66],{"class":58},[44,149894,74],{"class":62},[44,149896,133],{"class":58},[44,149898,149899],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,149900,571],{"class":58},[44,149902,149903,149905,149907],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,149904,127],{"class":58},[44,149906,357],{"class":62},[44,149908,149791],{"class":58},[44,149910,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,149912,127],{"class":58},[44,149914,590],{"class":583},[44,149916,176],{"class":587},[44,149918,590],{"class":583},[44,149920,66],{"class":58},[44,149922,584],{"class":583},[44,149924,130],{"class":587},[44,149926,590],{"class":583},[44,149928,66],{"class":58},[44,149930,584],{"class":583},[44,149932,431],{"class":587},[44,149934,590],{"class":583},[44,149936,133],{"class":58},[20,149938,149939,149940,120],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149941,149942],{},"(5,)",[30,149944,15781],{"id":15780},[205,149946,149947,149950,149953,149956,149959,149962],{},[208,149948,149949],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[208,149951,149952],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[208,149954,149955],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[208,149957,149958],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[208,149960,149961],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[208,149963,149964],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149966,149968],{"id":149967},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149970,149971],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149973,149974],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149976,149978],{"className":37,"code":149977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149979,149980,150000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149981,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149983,884],{"class":50},[44,149985,55],{"class":54},[44,149987,9859],{"class":58},[44,149989,63],{"class":62},[44,149991,66],{"class":58},[44,149993,69],{"class":62},[44,149995,66],{"class":58},[44,149997,74],{"class":62},[44,149999,133],{"class":58},[44,150001,150002,150004,150006,150008],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150003,140],{"class":139},[44,150005,127],{"class":58},[44,150007,4268],{"class":123},[44,150009,133],{"class":58},[20,150011,150],{},[35,150013,150015],{"className":37,"code":150014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150016,150017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150018,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150020,127],{"class":58},[44,150022,63],{"class":62},[44,150024,66],{"class":58},[44,150026,69],{"class":62},[44,150028,66],{"class":58},[44,150030,74],{"class":62},[44,150032,133],{"class":58},[20,150034,150035],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,150037,150039],{"className":37,"code":150038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150040,150041,150065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150044,9788],{"class":50},[44,150046,55],{"class":54},[44,150048,9859],{"class":58},[44,150050,63],{"class":62},[44,150052,66],{"class":58},[44,150054,643],{"class":583},[44,150056,636],{"class":587},[44,150058,633],{"class":583},[44,150060,66],{"class":58},[44,150062,4537],{"class":4471},[44,150064,133],{"class":58},[44,150066,150067,150069,150071,150073],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150068,140],{"class":139},[44,150070,127],{"class":58},[44,150072,9827],{"class":123},[44,150074,133],{"class":58},[20,150076,150],{},[35,150078,150080],{"className":37,"code":150079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150081,150082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150085,127],{"class":58},[44,150087,63],{"class":62},[44,150089,66],{"class":58},[44,150091,584],{"class":583},[44,150093,636],{"class":587},[44,150095,590],{"class":583},[44,150097,66],{"class":58},[44,150099,4537],{"class":4471},[44,150101,133],{"class":58},[20,150103,150104,150105,120],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[176,150106,150108],{"href":150107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,150110,150112],{"id":150111},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150114,150115],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,150117,150119],{"className":37,"code":150118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150120,150121,150129,150139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150122,150123,150125,150127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150124,125299],{"class":50},[44,150126,55],{"class":54},[44,150128,149777],{"class":58},[44,150130,150131,150133,150135,150137],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150132,140],{"class":139},[44,150134,127],{"class":58},[44,150136,125350],{"class":123},[44,150138,133],{"class":58},[44,150140,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,150142,140],{"class":139},[44,150144,127],{"class":58},[44,150146,549],{"class":548},[44,150148,127],{"class":58},[44,150150,125350],{"class":123},[44,150152,556],{"class":58},[20,150154,150],{},[35,150156,150158],{"className":37,"code":150157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150159,150160,150164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150161,150162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150163,571],{"class":58},[44,150165,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150167,576],{"class":54},[44,150169,580],{"class":579},[44,150171,584],{"class":583},[44,150173,49577],{"class":587},[44,150175,590],{"class":583},[44,150177,593],{"class":54},[20,150179,150180],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150182,150183],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[205,150185,150186,150191],{},[208,150187,150188,150189],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150190,7984],{},[208,150192,150193,150194],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150195,4407],{},[20,150197,150198,150199,120],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[176,150200,150201],{"href":57778},"Python list: creating a list",[30,150203,150205],{"id":150204},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150207,150208],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150210,150211,150212,150214],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[197,150213,199],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,150216,150218],{"className":37,"code":150217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150219,150220,150232,150242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150221,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150223,3075],{"class":50},[44,150225,55],{"class":54},[44,150227,9859],{"class":58},[44,150229,357],{"class":62},[44,150231,133],{"class":58},[44,150233,150234,150236,150238,150240],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150235,140],{"class":139},[44,150237,127],{"class":58},[44,150239,3100],{"class":123},[44,150241,133],{"class":58},[44,150243,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,150245,140],{"class":139},[44,150247,127],{"class":58},[44,150249,549],{"class":548},[44,150251,127],{"class":58},[44,150253,3100],{"class":123},[44,150255,556],{"class":58},[20,150257,150],{},[35,150259,150261],{"className":37,"code":150260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150262,150263,150267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150264,150265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150266,3570],{"class":62},[44,150268,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150270,576],{"class":54},[44,150272,580],{"class":579},[44,150274,584],{"class":583},[44,150276,2816],{"class":587},[44,150278,590],{"class":583},[44,150280,593],{"class":54},[20,150282,150283],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,150285,150287],{"className":37,"code":150286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150288,150289,150301,150311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150290,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150292,149782],{"class":50},[44,150294,55],{"class":54},[44,150296,9859],{"class":58},[44,150298,357],{"class":62},[44,150300,149791],{"class":58},[44,150302,150303,150305,150307,150309],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150304,140],{"class":139},[44,150306,127],{"class":58},[44,150308,149860],{"class":123},[44,150310,133],{"class":58},[44,150312,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,150314,140],{"class":139},[44,150316,127],{"class":58},[44,150318,549],{"class":548},[44,150320,127],{"class":58},[44,150322,149860],{"class":123},[44,150324,556],{"class":58},[20,150326,150],{},[35,150328,150330],{"className":37,"code":150329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150331,150332,150340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150333,150334,150336,150338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150335,127],{"class":58},[44,150337,357],{"class":62},[44,150339,149791],{"class":58},[44,150341,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150343,576],{"class":54},[44,150345,580],{"class":579},[44,150347,584],{"class":583},[44,150349,49577],{"class":587},[44,150351,590],{"class":583},[44,150353,593],{"class":54},[20,150355,17274],{},[35,150357,150359],{"className":37,"code":150358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150360,150361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150362,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150364,127],{"class":58},[44,150366,633],{"class":583},[44,150368,636],{"class":587},[44,150370,633],{"class":583},[44,150372,149791],{"class":58},[20,150374,17262],{},[35,150376,150378],{"className":37,"code":150377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150379,150380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150381,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150383,127],{"class":58},[44,150385,633],{"class":583},[44,150387,636],{"class":587},[44,150389,633],{"class":583},[44,150391,133],{"class":58},[20,150393,150394],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,150396,150398],{"id":150397},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150400,150401],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1044,150403,57087],{"id":4268},[35,150405,150406],{"className":37,"code":149977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150407,150408,150428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150409,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150411,884],{"class":50},[44,150413,55],{"class":54},[44,150415,9859],{"class":58},[44,150417,63],{"class":62},[44,150419,66],{"class":58},[44,150421,69],{"class":62},[44,150423,66],{"class":58},[44,150425,74],{"class":62},[44,150427,133],{"class":58},[44,150429,150430,150432,150434,150436],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150431,140],{"class":139},[44,150433,127],{"class":58},[44,150435,4268],{"class":123},[44,150437,133],{"class":58},[1044,150439,57090],{"id":5927},[35,150441,150443],{"className":37,"code":150442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150444,150445,150477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150448,13692],{"class":50},[44,150450,55],{"class":54},[44,150452,9859],{"class":58},[44,150454,633],{"class":583},[44,150456,13709],{"class":587},[44,150458,633],{"class":583},[44,150460,66],{"class":58},[44,150462,643],{"class":583},[44,150464,18073],{"class":587},[44,150466,633],{"class":583},[44,150468,66],{"class":58},[44,150470,643],{"class":583},[44,150472,13726],{"class":587},[44,150474,633],{"class":583},[44,150476,133],{"class":58},[44,150478,150479,150481,150483,150485],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150480,140],{"class":139},[44,150482,127],{"class":58},[44,150484,18120],{"class":123},[44,150486,133],{"class":58},[1044,150488,150490],{"id":150489},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,150492,150494],{"className":37,"code":150493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150495,150496,150520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150497,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150499,60095],{"class":50},[44,150501,55],{"class":54},[44,150503,9859],{"class":58},[44,150505,63],{"class":62},[44,150507,66],{"class":58},[44,150509,643],{"class":583},[44,150511,636],{"class":587},[44,150513,633],{"class":583},[44,150515,66],{"class":58},[44,150517,4537],{"class":4471},[44,150519,133],{"class":58},[44,150521,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150523,140],{"class":139},[44,150525,127],{"class":58},[44,150527,60148],{"class":123},[44,150529,133],{"class":58},[1044,150531,150533],{"id":150532},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150535,150536],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,150538,150540],{"className":37,"code":150539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150541,150542,150583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150543,150544,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579,150581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150545,150546],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,150548,55],{"class":54},[44,150550,9859],{"class":58},[44,150552,63],{"class":62},[44,150554,66],{"class":58},[44,150556,9859],{"class":58},[44,150558,633],{"class":583},[44,150560,176],{"class":587},[44,150562,633],{"class":583},[44,150564,66],{"class":58},[44,150566,643],{"class":583},[44,150568,130],{"class":587},[44,150570,633],{"class":583},[44,150572,9856],{"class":58},[44,150574,1954],{"class":58},[44,150576,2958],{"class":62},[44,150578,66],{"class":58},[44,150580,8410],{"class":62},[44,150582,4509],{"class":58},[44,150584,150585,150587,150589,150592],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150586,140],{"class":139},[44,150588,127],{"class":58},[44,150590,150591],{"class":123},"nested",[44,150593,133],{"class":58},[20,150595,150],{},[35,150597,150599],{"className":37,"code":150598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150600,150601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150602,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150604,127],{"class":58},[44,150606,63],{"class":62},[44,150608,66],{"class":58},[44,150610,9859],{"class":58},[44,150612,590],{"class":583},[44,150614,176],{"class":587},[44,150616,590],{"class":583},[44,150618,66],{"class":58},[44,150620,584],{"class":583},[44,150622,130],{"class":587},[44,150624,590],{"class":583},[44,150626,9856],{"class":58},[44,150628,1954],{"class":58},[44,150630,2958],{"class":62},[44,150632,66],{"class":58},[44,150634,8410],{"class":62},[44,150636,4509],{"class":58},[30,150638,150640,150641],{"id":150639},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150642,38668],{},[20,150644,150645,150646,150648],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150647,38668],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150650,150651,150652,120],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[176,150653,63841],{"href":63840},[1044,150655,105694],{"id":105693},[35,150657,150659],{"className":37,"code":150658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150660,150661,150683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150662,150663,150665,150667,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150664,884],{"class":50},[44,150666,55],{"class":54},[44,150668,149801],{"class":548},[44,150670,3609],{"class":58},[44,150672,63],{"class":62},[44,150674,66],{"class":58},[44,150676,69],{"class":62},[44,150678,66],{"class":58},[44,150680,74],{"class":62},[44,150682,4509],{"class":58},[44,150684,150685,150687,150689,150691],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150686,140],{"class":139},[44,150688,127],{"class":58},[44,150690,4268],{"class":123},[44,150692,133],{"class":58},[20,150694,150],{},[35,150696,150697],{"className":37,"code":150014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150698,150699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150702,127],{"class":58},[44,150704,63],{"class":62},[44,150706,66],{"class":58},[44,150708,69],{"class":62},[44,150710,66],{"class":58},[44,150712,74],{"class":62},[44,150714,133],{"class":58},[1044,150716,105880],{"id":105879},[35,150718,150720],{"className":37,"code":150719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150721,150722,150740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150725,36712],{"class":50},[44,150727,55],{"class":54},[44,150729,149801],{"class":548},[44,150731,127],{"class":58},[44,150733,633],{"class":583},[44,150735,42183],{"class":587},[44,150737,633],{"class":583},[44,150739,133],{"class":58},[44,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150743,140],{"class":139},[44,150745,127],{"class":58},[44,150747,36765],{"class":123},[44,150749,133],{"class":58},[20,150751,150],{},[35,150753,150755],{"className":37,"code":150754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150756,150757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150758,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150760,127],{"class":58},[44,150762,590],{"class":583},[44,150764,176],{"class":587},[44,150766,590],{"class":583},[44,150768,66],{"class":58},[44,150770,584],{"class":583},[44,150772,130],{"class":587},[44,150774,590],{"class":583},[44,150776,66],{"class":58},[44,150778,584],{"class":583},[44,150780,431],{"class":587},[44,150782,590],{"class":583},[44,150784,133],{"class":58},[20,150786,150787],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1044,150789,150791],{"id":150790},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,150793,150795],{"className":37,"code":150794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150796,150797,150815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150798,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150800,4441],{"class":50},[44,150802,55],{"class":54},[44,150804,149801],{"class":548},[44,150806,127],{"class":58},[44,150808,60621],{"class":139},[44,150810,127],{"class":58},[44,150812,1517],{"class":62},[44,150814,556],{"class":58},[44,150816,150817,150819,150821,150823],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150818,140],{"class":139},[44,150820,127],{"class":58},[44,150822,5976],{"class":123},[44,150824,133],{"class":58},[20,150826,150],{},[35,150828,150830],{"className":37,"code":150829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150831,150832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150833,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150835,127],{"class":58},[44,150837,2748],{"class":62},[44,150839,66],{"class":58},[44,150841,2212],{"class":62},[44,150843,66],{"class":58},[44,150845,69],{"class":62},[44,150847,66],{"class":58},[44,150849,74],{"class":62},[44,150851,133],{"class":58},[20,150853,150854],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150856,21419],{"id":21418},[205,150858,150859,150862,150865,150868],{},[208,150860,150861],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[208,150863,150864],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[208,150866,150867],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[208,150869,150870],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150872,150873,150874,120],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[176,150875,150877],{"href":150876},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150879,3454],{"id":3453},[20,150881,150882],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1044,150884,150886],{"id":150885},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150888,150889],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150891,150893],{"className":37,"code":150892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150894,150895,150911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150896,150897,150899,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150898,29157],{"class":50},[44,150900,55],{"class":54},[44,150902,9859],{"class":58},[44,150904,633],{"class":583},[44,150906,636],{"class":587},[44,150908,633],{"class":583},[44,150910,133],{"class":58},[44,150912,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150914,140],{"class":139},[44,150916,127],{"class":58},[44,150918,549],{"class":548},[44,150920,127],{"class":58},[44,150922,23928],{"class":123},[44,150924,556],{"class":58},[20,150926,150927],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150929,150931],{"className":37,"code":150930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150932,150933,150949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150934,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150936,29157],{"class":50},[44,150938,55],{"class":54},[44,150940,9859],{"class":58},[44,150942,633],{"class":583},[44,150944,636],{"class":587},[44,150946,633],{"class":583},[44,150948,149791],{"class":58},[44,150950,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150952,140],{"class":139},[44,150954,127],{"class":58},[44,150956,549],{"class":548},[44,150958,127],{"class":58},[44,150960,23928],{"class":123},[44,150962,556],{"class":58},[1044,150964,150966],{"id":150965},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150968,150969],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150971,150973],{"className":37,"code":150972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150974,150975,150995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150976,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150978,4441],{"class":50},[44,150980,55],{"class":54},[44,150982,1954],{"class":58},[44,150984,63],{"class":62},[44,150986,66],{"class":58},[44,150988,69],{"class":62},[44,150990,66],{"class":58},[44,150992,74],{"class":62},[44,150994,1967],{"class":58},[44,150996,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,150998,140],{"class":139},[44,151000,127],{"class":58},[44,151002,549],{"class":548},[44,151004,127],{"class":58},[44,151006,5976],{"class":123},[44,151008,556],{"class":58},[20,151010,151011],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,151013,151015],{"className":37,"code":151014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151016,151017,151037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151018,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151020,4441],{"class":50},[44,151022,55],{"class":54},[44,151024,9859],{"class":58},[44,151026,63],{"class":62},[44,151028,66],{"class":58},[44,151030,69],{"class":62},[44,151032,66],{"class":58},[44,151034,74],{"class":62},[44,151036,133],{"class":58},[44,151038,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151040,140],{"class":139},[44,151042,127],{"class":58},[44,151044,549],{"class":548},[44,151046,127],{"class":58},[44,151048,5976],{"class":123},[44,151050,556],{"class":58},[1044,151052,151054],{"id":151053},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151056,150867],{},[35,151058,151060],{"className":37,"code":151059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151061,151062,151082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151065,884],{"class":50},[44,151067,55],{"class":54},[44,151069,9859],{"class":58},[44,151071,63],{"class":62},[44,151073,66],{"class":58},[44,151075,69],{"class":62},[44,151077,66],{"class":58},[44,151079,74],{"class":62},[44,151081,133],{"class":58},[44,151083,151084],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151085,151086],{"class":1992},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151088,151089],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1044,151091,37826,151093,151096],{"id":151092},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151094,151095],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151098,65267],{},[35,151100,151101],{"className":37,"code":150719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151102,151103,151121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151104,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151106,36712],{"class":50},[44,151108,55],{"class":54},[44,151110,149801],{"class":548},[44,151112,127],{"class":58},[44,151114,633],{"class":583},[44,151116,42183],{"class":587},[44,151118,633],{"class":583},[44,151120,133],{"class":58},[44,151122,151123,151125,151127,151129],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151124,140],{"class":139},[44,151126,127],{"class":58},[44,151128,36765],{"class":123},[44,151130,133],{"class":58},[20,151132,151133],{},"gives:",[35,151135,151136],{"className":37,"code":150754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151137,151138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151139,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151141,127],{"class":58},[44,151143,590],{"class":583},[44,151145,176],{"class":587},[44,151147,590],{"class":583},[44,151149,66],{"class":58},[44,151151,584],{"class":583},[44,151153,130],{"class":587},[44,151155,590],{"class":583},[44,151157,66],{"class":58},[44,151159,584],{"class":583},[44,151161,431],{"class":587},[44,151163,590],{"class":583},[44,151165,133],{"class":58},[20,151167,151168],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,151170,151172],{"className":37,"code":151171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151173,151174,151190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151175,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151177,6772],{"class":50},[44,151179,55],{"class":54},[44,151181,9859],{"class":58},[44,151183,633],{"class":583},[44,151185,42183],{"class":587},[44,151187,633],{"class":583},[44,151189,149791],{"class":58},[44,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151193,140],{"class":139},[44,151195,127],{"class":58},[44,151197,39013],{"class":123},[44,151199,133],{"class":58},[20,151201,150],{},[35,151203,151205],{"className":37,"code":151204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,151206,151207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151208,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151210,127],{"class":58},[44,151212,590],{"class":583},[44,151214,42183],{"class":587},[44,151216,590],{"class":583},[44,151218,149791],{"class":58},[1044,151220,151222],{"id":151221},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151224,151225],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,151227,151229],{"className":37,"code":151228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151230,151231,151248,151252,151262,151276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151232,151233,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151234,151235],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,151237,55],{"class":54},[44,151239,9859],{"class":58},[44,151241,633],{"class":583},[44,151243,636],{"class":587},[44,151245,633],{"class":583},[44,151247,149791],{"class":58},[44,151249,151250],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151251,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151253,151254,151256,151258,151260],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151255,140],{"class":139},[44,151257,127],{"class":58},[44,151259,148453],{"class":123},[44,151261,133],{"class":58},[44,151263,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,151265,140],{"class":139},[44,151267,127],{"class":58},[44,151269,549],{"class":548},[44,151271,127],{"class":58},[44,151273,148453],{"class":123},[44,151275,556],{"class":58},[44,151277,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,151279,140],{"class":139},[44,151281,127],{"class":58},[44,151283,2441],{"class":139},[44,151285,127],{"class":58},[44,151287,148453],{"class":123},[44,151289,556],{"class":58},[30,151291,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,151293,151295],{"id":151294},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151297,151298,151299,151302],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151300,151301],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1044,151304,151306],{"id":151305},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151308,151309],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1044,151311,151313],{"id":151312},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151315,151316],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1044,151318,151320],{"id":151319},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151322,151323],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1044,151325,5760,151327,13332],{"id":151326},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151328,151095],{},[20,151330,5766,151331,151334],{},[15,151332,151333],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,151336,2528],{"id":2527},[205,151338,151339,151343,151347,151353,151358,151363,151367],{},[208,151340,151341],{},[176,151342,148435],{"href":148434},[208,151344,151345],{},[176,151346,150108],{"href":150107},[208,151348,151349],{},[176,151350,151352],{"href":151351},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[208,151354,151355],{},[176,151356,151357],{"href":149673},"Python tuple length with len()",[208,151359,151360],{},[176,151361,151362],{"href":149738},"What is a tuple in Python?",[208,151364,151365],{},[176,151366,63841],{"href":63840},[208,151368,151369],{},[176,151370,151371],{"href":150876},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2554,151373,151374],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":151376},[151377,151378,151379,151380,151381,151382,151388,151394,151395,151403,151411],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":149967,"depth":85,"text":149968},{"id":150111,"depth":85,"text":150112},{"id":150204,"depth":85,"text":150205},{"id":150397,"depth":85,"text":150398,"children":151383},[151384,151385,151386,151387],{"id":4268,"depth":109,"text":57087},{"id":5927,"depth":109,"text":57090},{"id":150489,"depth":109,"text":150490},{"id":150532,"depth":109,"text":150533},{"id":150639,"depth":85,"text":151389,"children":151390},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151391,151392,151393],{"id":105693,"depth":109,"text":105694},{"id":105879,"depth":109,"text":105880},{"id":150790,"depth":109,"text":150791},{"id":21418,"depth":85,"text":21419},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":151396},[151397,151398,151399,151400,151402],{"id":150885,"depth":109,"text":150886},{"id":150965,"depth":109,"text":150966},{"id":151053,"depth":109,"text":151054},{"id":151092,"depth":109,"text":151401},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151221,"depth":109,"text":151222},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":151404},[151405,151406,151407,151408,151409],{"id":151294,"depth":109,"text":151295},{"id":151305,"depth":109,"text":151306},{"id":151312,"depth":109,"text":151313},{"id":151319,"depth":109,"text":151320},{"id":151326,"depth":109,"text":151410},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149724,"description":151412},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151419,"title":151420,"body":151421,"description":152966,"extension":2593,"meta":152967,"navigation":364,"path":152968,"seo":152969,"stem":152970,"__hash__":152971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151422,"toc":152936},[151423,151426,151431,151433,151446,151452,151454,151521,151523,151558,151563,151567,151571,151573,151584,151592,151594,151596,151617,151619,151639,151642,151644,151649,151692,151694,151716,151719,151732,151736,151740,151743,151796,151798,151819,151824,151828,151831,151876,151878,151911,151923,151927,151935,151972,151974,152003,152007,152010,152063,152065,152085,152092,152096,152101,152170,152172,152197,152201,152204,152210,152287,152289,152348,152350,152362,152367,152371,152375,152389,152391,152426,152428,152445,152448,152461,152465,152469,152480,152485,152500,152503,152506,152508,152511,152515,152517,152531,152533,152557,152562,152566,152569,152588,152591,152640,152645,152662,152665,152698,152702,152704,152755,152758,152783,152786,152809,152813,152819,152821,152856,152859,152864,152866,152870,152873,152877,152882,152886,152889,152893,152896,152900,152905,152907,152933],[10,151424,151420],{"id":151425},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151427,9745,151428,151430],{},[15,151429,38668],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151432,83212],{},[205,151434,151435,151440],{},[208,151436,151437,151439],{},[15,151438,38668],{}," creates an empty tuple",[208,151441,151442,151445],{},[15,151443,151444],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151447,151448,151449,151451],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151450,38668],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,151453,2634],{"id":2633},[35,151455,151457],{"className":37,"code":151456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151458,151459,151479,151493,151497,151507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151460,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151462,884],{"class":50},[44,151464,55],{"class":54},[44,151466,1954],{"class":58},[44,151468,63],{"class":62},[44,151470,66],{"class":58},[44,151472,69],{"class":62},[44,151474,66],{"class":58},[44,151476,74],{"class":62},[44,151478,1967],{"class":58},[44,151480,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151482,112],{"class":50},[44,151484,55],{"class":54},[44,151486,149801],{"class":548},[44,151488,127],{"class":58},[44,151490,4268],{"class":123},[44,151492,133],{"class":58},[44,151494,151495],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151496,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151498,151499,151501,151503,151505],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,151500,140],{"class":139},[44,151502,127],{"class":58},[44,151504,145],{"class":123},[44,151506,133],{"class":58},[44,151508,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,151510,140],{"class":139},[44,151512,127],{"class":58},[44,151514,549],{"class":548},[44,151516,127],{"class":58},[44,151518,145],{"class":123},[44,151520,556],{"class":58},[20,151522,150],{},[35,151524,151526],{"className":37,"code":151525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151527,151528,151544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151529,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151531,127],{"class":58},[44,151533,63],{"class":62},[44,151535,66],{"class":58},[44,151537,69],{"class":62},[44,151539,66],{"class":58},[44,151541,74],{"class":62},[44,151543,133],{"class":58},[44,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151547,576],{"class":54},[44,151549,580],{"class":579},[44,151551,584],{"class":583},[44,151553,49577],{"class":587},[44,151555,590],{"class":583},[44,151557,593],{"class":54},[20,151559,1296,151560,151562],{},[15,151561,151444],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,151564,151566],{"id":151565},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151568,151569,63549],{},[15,151570,38668],{},[20,151572,49551],{},[205,151574,151575,151578,151581],{},[208,151576,151577],{},"creates a tuple object",[208,151579,151580],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[208,151582,151583],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151585,151586,151587,151589,151590,120],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[176,151588,149739],{"href":149738}," or the full guide to ",[176,151591,148435],{"href":148434},[30,151593,234],{"id":233},[20,151595,27106],{},[35,151597,151599],{"className":37,"code":151598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151600,151601,151607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151602,151603,151605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151604,49577],{"class":548},[44,151606,571],{"class":58},[44,151608,151609,151611,151613,151615],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151610,49577],{"class":548},[44,151612,127],{"class":58},[44,151614,4340],{"class":123},[44,151616,133],{"class":58},[20,151618,12076],{},[205,151620,151621,151624],{},[208,151622,151623],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[208,151625,151626,151627],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[205,151628,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637],{},[208,151630,5918],{},[208,151632,5927],{},[208,151634,63620],{},[208,151636,5924],{},[208,151638,7869],{},[20,151640,151641],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,151643,150112],{"id":150111},[20,151645,30269,151646,151648],{},[15,151647,38668],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,151650,151652],{"className":37,"code":151651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151653,151654,151664,151668,151678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151655,151656,151658,151660,151662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151657,125299],{"class":50},[44,151659,55],{"class":54},[44,151661,149801],{"class":548},[44,151663,571],{"class":58},[44,151665,151666],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151667,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151669,151670,151672,151674,151676],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151671,140],{"class":139},[44,151673,127],{"class":58},[44,151675,125350],{"class":123},[44,151677,133],{"class":58},[44,151679,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,151681,140],{"class":139},[44,151683,127],{"class":58},[44,151685,549],{"class":548},[44,151687,127],{"class":58},[44,151689,125350],{"class":123},[44,151691,556],{"class":58},[20,151693,150],{},[35,151695,151696],{"className":37,"code":150157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151697,151698,151702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151699,151700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151701,571],{"class":58},[44,151703,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151705,576],{"class":54},[44,151707,580],{"class":579},[44,151709,584],{"class":583},[44,151711,49577],{"class":587},[44,151713,590],{"class":583},[44,151715,593],{"class":54},[20,151717,151718],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,151720,151722],{"className":37,"code":151721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,151723,151724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151725,151726,151728,151730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151727,125299],{"class":50},[44,151729,55],{"class":54},[44,151731,149777],{"class":58},[30,151733,151735],{"id":151734},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1044,151737,151739],{"id":151738},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151741,151742],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,151744,151746],{"className":37,"code":151745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151747,151748,151768,151782,151786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151749,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151751,884],{"class":50},[44,151753,55],{"class":54},[44,151755,1954],{"class":58},[44,151757,2958],{"class":62},[44,151759,66],{"class":58},[44,151761,8410],{"class":62},[44,151763,66],{"class":58},[44,151765,8415],{"class":62},[44,151767,1967],{"class":58},[44,151769,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151771,112],{"class":50},[44,151773,55],{"class":54},[44,151775,149801],{"class":548},[44,151777,127],{"class":58},[44,151779,4268],{"class":123},[44,151781,133],{"class":58},[44,151783,151784],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151785,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151787,151788,151790,151792,151794],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,151789,140],{"class":139},[44,151791,127],{"class":58},[44,151793,145],{"class":123},[44,151795,133],{"class":58},[20,151797,150],{},[35,151799,151801],{"className":37,"code":151800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151802,151803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151804,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151806,127],{"class":58},[44,151808,2958],{"class":62},[44,151810,66],{"class":58},[44,151812,8410],{"class":62},[44,151814,66],{"class":58},[44,151816,8415],{"class":62},[44,151818,133],{"class":58},[20,151820,151821,151822,120],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[176,151823,105499],{"href":60678},[1044,151825,151827],{"id":151826},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151829,151830],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151832,151834],{"className":37,"code":151833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151835,151836,151848,151862,151866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151837,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151839,35307],{"class":50},[44,151841,55],{"class":54},[44,151843,643],{"class":583},[44,151845,2122],{"class":587},[44,151847,3979],{"class":583},[44,151849,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151851,112],{"class":50},[44,151853,55],{"class":54},[44,151855,149801],{"class":548},[44,151857,127],{"class":58},[44,151859,35328],{"class":123},[44,151861,133],{"class":58},[44,151863,151864],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151865,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,151869,140],{"class":139},[44,151871,127],{"class":58},[44,151873,145],{"class":123},[44,151875,133],{"class":58},[20,151877,150],{},[35,151879,151881],{"className":37,"code":151880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151882,151883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151884,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151886,127],{"class":58},[44,151888,590],{"class":583},[44,151890,431],{"class":587},[44,151892,590],{"class":583},[44,151894,66],{"class":58},[44,151896,584],{"class":583},[44,151898,176],{"class":587},[44,151900,590],{"class":583},[44,151902,66],{"class":58},[44,151904,584],{"class":583},[44,151906,63910],{"class":587},[44,151908,590],{"class":583},[44,151910,133],{"class":58},[20,151912,151913,151914,14671,151917,151919,151920,120],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151915,151916],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[197,151918,199],{}," create ",[15,151921,151922],{},"('cat',)",[1044,151924,151926],{"id":151925},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151928,151929,151931,151932,151934],{},[15,151930,36820],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151933,38668],{}," collects them all.",[35,151936,151938],{"className":37,"code":151937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151939,151940,151958,151962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151941,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151943,112],{"class":50},[44,151945,55],{"class":54},[44,151947,149801],{"class":548},[44,151949,127],{"class":58},[44,151951,60621],{"class":139},[44,151953,127],{"class":58},[44,151955,357],{"class":62},[44,151957,556],{"class":58},[44,151959,151960],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,151961,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,151963,151964,151966,151968,151970],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,151965,140],{"class":139},[44,151967,127],{"class":58},[44,151969,145],{"class":123},[44,151971,133],{"class":58},[20,151973,150],{},[35,151975,151977],{"className":37,"code":151976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151978,151979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151980,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151982,127],{"class":58},[44,151984,2748],{"class":62},[44,151986,66],{"class":58},[44,151988,2212],{"class":62},[44,151990,66],{"class":58},[44,151992,69],{"class":62},[44,151994,66],{"class":58},[44,151996,74],{"class":62},[44,151998,66],{"class":58},[44,152000,79],{"class":62},[44,152002,133],{"class":58},[1044,152004,152006],{"id":152005},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152008,152009],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,152011,152013],{"className":37,"code":152012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152014,152015,152035,152049,152053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152016,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152018,4441],{"class":50},[44,152020,55],{"class":54},[44,152022,59],{"class":58},[44,152024,63],{"class":62},[44,152026,66],{"class":58},[44,152028,69],{"class":62},[44,152030,66],{"class":58},[44,152032,74],{"class":62},[44,152034,82],{"class":58},[44,152036,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152038,112],{"class":50},[44,152040,55],{"class":54},[44,152042,149801],{"class":548},[44,152044,127],{"class":58},[44,152046,5976],{"class":123},[44,152048,133],{"class":58},[44,152050,152051],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,152052,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,152054,152055,152057,152059,152061],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,152056,140],{"class":139},[44,152058,127],{"class":58},[44,152060,145],{"class":123},[44,152062,133],{"class":58},[20,152064,150],{},[35,152066,152067],{"className":37,"code":150014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152068,152069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152070,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152072,127],{"class":58},[44,152074,63],{"class":62},[44,152076,66],{"class":58},[44,152078,69],{"class":62},[44,152080,66],{"class":58},[44,152082,74],{"class":62},[44,152084,133],{"class":58},[20,152086,152087,152088,120],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[176,152089,152091],{"href":152090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1044,152093,152095],{"id":152094},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152097,64163,152098,152100],{},[15,152099,38668],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,152102,152104],{"className":37,"code":152103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152105,152106,152142,152156,152160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152107,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152109,13821],{"class":50},[44,152111,55],{"class":54},[44,152113,59],{"class":58},[44,152115,633],{"class":583},[44,152117,8287],{"class":587},[44,152119,633],{"class":583},[44,152121,1598],{"class":58},[44,152123,643],{"class":583},[44,152125,13497],{"class":587},[44,152127,633],{"class":583},[44,152129,66],{"class":58},[44,152131,643],{"class":583},[44,152133,9921],{"class":587},[44,152135,633],{"class":583},[44,152137,1598],{"class":58},[44,152139,9928],{"class":62},[44,152141,82],{"class":58},[44,152143,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152145,112],{"class":50},[44,152147,55],{"class":54},[44,152149,149801],{"class":548},[44,152151,127],{"class":58},[44,152153,17926],{"class":123},[44,152155,133],{"class":58},[44,152157,152158],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,152159,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,152161,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,152163,140],{"class":139},[44,152165,127],{"class":58},[44,152167,145],{"class":123},[44,152169,133],{"class":58},[20,152171,756],{},[35,152173,152175],{"className":37,"code":152174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152176,152177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152178,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152180,127],{"class":58},[44,152182,590],{"class":583},[44,152184,8287],{"class":587},[44,152186,590],{"class":583},[44,152188,66],{"class":58},[44,152190,584],{"class":583},[44,152192,9921],{"class":587},[44,152194,590],{"class":583},[44,152196,133],{"class":58},[30,152198,152200],{"id":152199},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152202,152203],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152205,152206,152209],{},[15,152207,152208],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,152211,152213],{"className":37,"code":152212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152214,152215,152251,152255,152269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152216,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152218,13821],{"class":50},[44,152220,55],{"class":54},[44,152222,59],{"class":58},[44,152224,633],{"class":583},[44,152226,8287],{"class":587},[44,152228,633],{"class":583},[44,152230,1598],{"class":58},[44,152232,643],{"class":583},[44,152234,13497],{"class":587},[44,152236,633],{"class":583},[44,152238,66],{"class":58},[44,152240,643],{"class":583},[44,152242,9921],{"class":587},[44,152244,633],{"class":583},[44,152246,1598],{"class":58},[44,152248,9928],{"class":62},[44,152250,82],{"class":58},[44,152252,152253],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152254,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,152256,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,152258,140],{"class":139},[44,152260,127],{"class":58},[44,152262,49577],{"class":548},[44,152264,127],{"class":58},[44,152266,17926],{"class":123},[44,152268,556],{"class":58},[44,152270,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,152272,140],{"class":139},[44,152274,127],{"class":58},[44,152276,49577],{"class":548},[44,152278,127],{"class":58},[44,152280,17926],{"class":123},[44,152282,120],{"class":58},[44,152284,8430],{"class":123},[44,152286,6907],{"class":58},[20,152288,150],{},[35,152290,152292],{"className":37,"code":152291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152293,152294,152314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152295,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152297,127],{"class":58},[44,152299,590],{"class":583},[44,152301,8287],{"class":587},[44,152303,590],{"class":583},[44,152305,66],{"class":58},[44,152307,584],{"class":583},[44,152309,9921],{"class":587},[44,152311,590],{"class":583},[44,152313,133],{"class":58},[44,152315,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152317,6128],{"class":58},[44,152319,590],{"class":583},[44,152321,8287],{"class":587},[44,152323,590],{"class":583},[44,152325,66],{"class":58},[44,152327,584],{"class":583},[44,152329,13497],{"class":587},[44,152331,590],{"class":583},[44,152333,9856],{"class":58},[44,152335,9859],{"class":58},[44,152337,590],{"class":583},[44,152339,9921],{"class":587},[44,152341,590],{"class":583},[44,152343,66],{"class":58},[44,152345,9928],{"class":62},[44,152347,556],{"class":58},[20,152349,19313],{},[205,152351,152352,152357],{},[208,152353,152354,152356],{},[15,152355,152208],{}," for keys",[208,152358,152359,33177],{},[15,152360,152361],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152363,152364,152365,120],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[176,152366,64173],{"href":64172},[30,152368,152370],{"id":152369},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152372,152373,18937],{},[15,152374,38668],{},[205,152376,152377,152380,152383,152386],{},[208,152378,152379],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[208,152381,152382],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[208,152384,152385],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[208,152387,152388],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152390,295],{},[35,152392,152394],{"className":37,"code":152393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152395,152396,152415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152397,152398,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152399,152400],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,152402,55],{"class":54},[44,152404,149801],{"class":548},[44,152406,3609],{"class":58},[44,152408,1517],{"class":62},[44,152410,66],{"class":58},[44,152412,960],{"class":62},[44,152414,4509],{"class":58},[44,152416,152417,152419,152421,152424],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152418,140],{"class":139},[44,152420,127],{"class":58},[44,152422,152423],{"class":123},"coordinates",[44,152425,133],{"class":58},[20,152427,150],{},[35,152429,152431],{"className":37,"code":152430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152432,152433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152434,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152436,127],{"class":58},[44,152438,1517],{"class":62},[44,152440,66],{"class":58},[44,152442,960],{"class":62},[44,152444,133],{"class":58},[20,152446,152447],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[205,152449,152450,152452,152455,152458],{},[208,152451,152423],{},[208,152453,152454],{},"RGB colors",[208,152456,152457],{},"dates",[208,152459,152460],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,152462,152464],{"id":152463},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152466,45052,152467,11220],{},[15,152468,38668],{},[205,152470,152471,152474,152477],{},[208,152472,152473],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[208,152475,152476],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[208,152478,152479],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152481,116926,152482,152484],{},[197,152483,199],{}," work:",[35,152486,152488],{"className":37,"code":152487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152489,152490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152491,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152493,49577],{"class":548},[44,152495,127],{"class":58},[44,152497,357],{"class":62},[44,152499,133],{"class":58},[20,152501,152502],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152504,152505],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,152507,115764],{"id":115763},[20,152509,152510],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1044,152512,152514],{"id":152513},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152516,3461],{},[35,152518,152519],{"className":37,"code":152487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152520,152521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152522,152523,152525,152527,152529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152524,49577],{"class":548},[44,152526,127],{"class":58},[44,152528,357],{"class":62},[44,152530,133],{"class":58},[20,152532,30300],{},[35,152534,152535],{"className":37,"code":64277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152536,152537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152538,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152540,3628],{"class":548},[44,152542,1598],{"class":58},[44,152544,584],{"class":583},[44,152546,2816],{"class":587},[44,152548,590],{"class":583},[44,152550,25235],{"class":548},[44,152552,8718],{"class":54},[44,152554,8721],{"class":54},[44,152556,64300],{"class":50},[20,152558,152559,152560,120],{},"If you see this, read ",[176,152561,62914],{"href":53225},[1044,152563,152565],{"id":152564},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152567,152568],{},"This code:",[35,152570,152572],{"className":37,"code":152571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152573,152574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152575,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152577,49577],{"class":548},[44,152579,127],{"class":58},[44,152581,633],{"class":583},[44,152583,4464],{"class":587},[44,152585,633],{"class":583},[44,152587,133],{"class":58},[20,152589,152590],{},"returns:",[35,152592,152594],{"className":37,"code":152593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152595,152596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152599,127],{"class":58},[44,152601,590],{"class":583},[44,152603,61061],{"class":587},[44,152605,590],{"class":583},[44,152607,66],{"class":58},[44,152609,584],{"class":583},[44,152611,61070],{"class":587},[44,152613,590],{"class":583},[44,152615,66],{"class":58},[44,152617,584],{"class":583},[44,152619,61079],{"class":587},[44,152621,590],{"class":583},[44,152623,66],{"class":58},[44,152625,584],{"class":583},[44,152627,61079],{"class":587},[44,152629,590],{"class":583},[44,152631,66],{"class":58},[44,152633,584],{"class":583},[44,152635,61096],{"class":587},[44,152637,590],{"class":583},[44,152639,133],{"class":58},[20,152641,1801,152642,152644],{},[197,152643,199],{}," return:",[35,152646,152648],{"className":37,"code":152647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,152649,152650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152651,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152653,127],{"class":58},[44,152655,590],{"class":583},[44,152657,4464],{"class":587},[44,152659,590],{"class":583},[44,152661,149791],{"class":58},[20,152663,152664],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,152666,152668],{"className":37,"code":152667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152669,152670,152687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152671,152672,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152673,152674],{"class":50},"single ",[44,152676,55],{"class":54},[44,152678,9859],{"class":58},[44,152680,633],{"class":583},[44,152682,4464],{"class":587},[44,152684,633],{"class":583},[44,152686,149791],{"class":58},[44,152688,152689,152691,152693,152696],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152690,140],{"class":139},[44,152692,127],{"class":58},[44,152694,152695],{"class":123},"single",[44,152697,133],{"class":58},[1044,152699,152701],{"id":152700},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152703,152568],{},[35,152705,152707],{"className":37,"code":152706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152708,152709,152741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152710,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152712,9788],{"class":50},[44,152714,55],{"class":54},[44,152716,59],{"class":58},[44,152718,633],{"class":583},[44,152720,176],{"class":587},[44,152722,633],{"class":583},[44,152724,1598],{"class":58},[44,152726,2212],{"class":62},[44,152728,66],{"class":58},[44,152730,643],{"class":583},[44,152732,130],{"class":587},[44,152734,633],{"class":583},[44,152736,1598],{"class":58},[44,152738,69],{"class":62},[44,152740,82],{"class":58},[44,152742,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152744,140],{"class":139},[44,152746,127],{"class":58},[44,152748,49577],{"class":548},[44,152750,127],{"class":58},[44,152752,9827],{"class":123},[44,152754,556],{"class":58},[20,152756,152757],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,152759,152761],{"className":37,"code":152760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152762,152763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152764,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152766,127],{"class":58},[44,152768,590],{"class":583},[44,152770,176],{"class":587},[44,152772,590],{"class":583},[44,152774,66],{"class":58},[44,152776,584],{"class":583},[44,152778,130],{"class":587},[44,152780,590],{"class":583},[44,152782,133],{"class":58},[20,152784,152785],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,152787,152789],{"className":37,"code":152788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152790,152791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152792,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152794,140],{"class":139},[44,152796,127],{"class":58},[44,152798,49577],{"class":548},[44,152800,127],{"class":58},[44,152802,9827],{"class":123},[44,152804,120],{"class":58},[44,152806,8430],{"class":123},[44,152808,6907],{"class":58},[1044,152810,152812],{"id":152811},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152814,152815,152816,152818],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152817,38668],{}," conversion.",[20,152820,6090],{},[35,152822,152824],{"className":37,"code":152823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152825,152826,152846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152827,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152829,3075],{"class":50},[44,152831,55],{"class":54},[44,152833,9859],{"class":58},[44,152835,63],{"class":62},[44,152837,66],{"class":58},[44,152839,69],{"class":62},[44,152841,66],{"class":58},[44,152843,74],{"class":62},[44,152845,133],{"class":58},[44,152847,152848,152850,152852,152854],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,152849,140],{"class":139},[44,152851,127],{"class":58},[44,152853,3100],{"class":123},[44,152855,133],{"class":58},[20,152857,152858],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152860,26124,152861,152863],{},[15,152862,38668],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152865,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,152867,152869],{"id":152868},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152871,152872],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1044,152874,152876],{"id":152875},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152878,152879,152880,120],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152881,7984],{},[1044,152883,152885],{"id":152884},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152887,152888],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1044,152890,152892],{"id":152891},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152894,152895],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1044,152897,152899],{"id":152898},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152901,152902,152903,120],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152904,3628],{},[30,152906,2528],{"id":2527},[205,152908,152909,152913,152917,152921,152925,152929],{},[208,152910,152911],{},[176,152912,148435],{"href":148434},[208,152914,152915],{},[176,152916,151362],{"href":149738},[208,152918,152919],{},[176,152920,105499],{"href":60678},[208,152922,152923],{},[176,152924,152091],{"href":152090},[208,152926,152927],{},[176,152928,64173],{"href":64172},[208,152930,152931],{},[176,152932,62914],{"href":53225},[2554,152934,152935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":152937},[152938,152939,152940,152941,152942,152949,152950,152951,152952,152958,152965],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":151565,"depth":85,"text":151566},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":150111,"depth":85,"text":150112},{"id":151734,"depth":85,"text":151735,"children":152943},[152944,152945,152946,152947,152948],{"id":151738,"depth":109,"text":151739},{"id":151826,"depth":109,"text":151827},{"id":151925,"depth":109,"text":151926},{"id":152005,"depth":109,"text":152006},{"id":152094,"depth":109,"text":152095},{"id":152199,"depth":85,"text":152200},{"id":152369,"depth":85,"text":152370},{"id":152463,"depth":85,"text":152464},{"id":115763,"depth":85,"text":115764,"children":152953},[152954,152955,152956,152957],{"id":152513,"depth":109,"text":152514},{"id":152564,"depth":109,"text":152565},{"id":152700,"depth":109,"text":152701},{"id":152811,"depth":109,"text":152812},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":152959},[152960,152961,152962,152963,152964],{"id":152868,"depth":109,"text":152869},{"id":152875,"depth":109,"text":152876},{"id":152884,"depth":109,"text":152885},{"id":152891,"depth":109,"text":152892},{"id":152898,"depth":109,"text":152899},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151420,"description":152966},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152973,"title":152974,"body":152975,"description":154388,"extension":2593,"meta":154389,"navigation":364,"path":154390,"seo":154391,"stem":154392,"__hash__":154393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152976,"toc":154360},[152977,152982,152987,152990,152992,153071,153077,153082,153086,153101,153103,153150,153152,153160,153168,153174,153176,153181,153201,153204,153231,153233,153257,153259,153401,153403,153407,153415,153418,153420,153497,153499,153507,153511,153515,153525,153535,153537,153542,153544,153603,153608,153610,153710,153712,153726,153731,153737,153744,153747,153749,153859,153863,153880,153882,153945,153947,153955,153967,153971,153976,154004,154007,154089,154091,154102,154104,154108,154135,154137,154139,154219,154227,154229,154284,154286,154291,154294,154298,154302,154304,154308,154312,154320,154327,154330,154332,154357],[10,152978,148319,152980,18],{"id":152979},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152981,59590],{},[20,152983,152984,152986],{},[15,152985,149640],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152988,152989],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152991,2634],{"id":2633},[35,152993,152995],{"className":37,"code":152994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152996,152997,153037,153059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152998,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153000,13692],{"class":50},[44,153002,55],{"class":54},[44,153004,9859],{"class":58},[44,153006,633],{"class":583},[44,153008,13709],{"class":587},[44,153010,633],{"class":583},[44,153012,66],{"class":58},[44,153014,643],{"class":583},[44,153016,13726],{"class":587},[44,153018,633],{"class":583},[44,153020,66],{"class":58},[44,153022,643],{"class":583},[44,153024,18073],{"class":587},[44,153026,633],{"class":583},[44,153028,66],{"class":58},[44,153030,643],{"class":583},[44,153032,13726],{"class":587},[44,153034,633],{"class":583},[44,153036,133],{"class":58},[44,153038,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153040,65543],{"class":50},[44,153042,55],{"class":54},[44,153044,13740],{"class":50},[44,153046,120],{"class":58},[44,153048,36467],{"class":123},[44,153050,127],{"class":58},[44,153052,633],{"class":583},[44,153054,13726],{"class":587},[44,153056,633],{"class":583},[44,153058,133],{"class":58},[44,153060,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153062,140],{"class":139},[44,153064,127],{"class":58},[44,153066,65570],{"class":123},[44,153068,4281],{"class":58},[44,153070,28399],{"class":1992},[20,153072,153073,153076],{},[15,153074,153075],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,153078,186,153080,189],{"id":153079},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153081,149640],{},[20,153083,192,153084,12030],{},[15,153085,59590],{},[205,153087,153088,153091,153093,153096],{},[208,153089,153090],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[208,153092,128917],{},[208,153094,153095],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[208,153097,153098,153099],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153100,2748],{},[20,153102,295],{},[35,153104,153106],{"className":37,"code":153105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153107,153108,153132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153109,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153111,884],{"class":50},[44,153113,55],{"class":54},[44,153115,9859],{"class":58},[44,153117,2958],{"class":62},[44,153119,66],{"class":58},[44,153121,8410],{"class":62},[44,153123,66],{"class":58},[44,153125,8415],{"class":62},[44,153127,66],{"class":58},[44,153129,8410],{"class":62},[44,153131,133],{"class":58},[44,153133,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153135,140],{"class":139},[44,153137,127],{"class":58},[44,153139,4268],{"class":123},[44,153141,120],{"class":58},[44,153143,36467],{"class":123},[44,153145,127],{"class":58},[44,153147,16372],{"class":62},[44,153149,556],{"class":58},[20,153151,150],{},[35,153153,153154],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153155,153156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153157,153158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153159,47540],{"class":62},[20,153161,21596,153162,153164,153165,153167],{},[15,153163,16372],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153166,59590],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153169,151586,153170,120],{},[176,153171,153173],{"href":153172},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,153175,234],{"id":233},[20,153177,8382,153178,153180],{},[15,153179,59590],{}," in two ways:",[35,153182,153184],{"className":37,"code":153183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153185,153186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153187,153188,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153189,153190],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,153192,120],{"class":58},[44,153194,36467],{"class":123},[44,153196,127],{"class":58},[44,153198,3100],{"class":123},[44,153200,133],{"class":58},[20,153202,153203],{},"or:",[35,153205,153207],{"className":37,"code":153206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153208,153209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153210,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153212,153190],{"class":50},[44,153214,120],{"class":58},[44,153216,36467],{"class":123},[44,153218,127],{"class":58},[44,153220,3100],{"class":123},[44,153222,66],{"class":58},[44,153224,36673],{"class":123},[44,153226,66],{"class":58},[44,153228,65664],{"class":123},[44,153230,133],{"class":58},[1044,153232,18014],{"id":18013},[205,153234,153235,153240,153245,153250],{},[208,153236,153237,153239],{},[15,153238,3100],{}," — the item to search for",[208,153241,153242,153244],{},[15,153243,36694],{}," — optional starting position",[208,153246,153247,153249],{},[15,153248,53286],{}," — optional ending position",[208,153251,153252,5400,153254,153256],{},[15,153253,53286],{},[197,153255,65693],{}," in the search",[20,153258,295],{},[35,153260,153262],{"className":37,"code":153261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153263,153264,153312,153316,153341,153369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153267,36712],{"class":50},[44,153269,55],{"class":54},[44,153271,9859],{"class":58},[44,153273,633],{"class":583},[44,153275,176],{"class":587},[44,153277,633],{"class":583},[44,153279,66],{"class":58},[44,153281,643],{"class":583},[44,153283,130],{"class":587},[44,153285,633],{"class":583},[44,153287,66],{"class":58},[44,153289,643],{"class":583},[44,153291,431],{"class":587},[44,153293,633],{"class":583},[44,153295,66],{"class":58},[44,153297,643],{"class":583},[44,153299,130],{"class":587},[44,153301,633],{"class":583},[44,153303,66],{"class":58},[44,153305,643],{"class":583},[44,153307,19386],{"class":587},[44,153309,633],{"class":583},[44,153311,133],{"class":58},[44,153313,153314],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153315,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,153317,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153319,140],{"class":139},[44,153321,127],{"class":58},[44,153323,36765],{"class":123},[44,153325,120],{"class":58},[44,153327,36467],{"class":123},[44,153329,127],{"class":58},[44,153331,633],{"class":583},[44,153333,130],{"class":587},[44,153335,633],{"class":583},[44,153337,5979],{"class":58},[44,153339,153340],{"class":1992},"        # 1\n",[44,153342,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,153344,140],{"class":139},[44,153346,127],{"class":58},[44,153348,36765],{"class":123},[44,153350,120],{"class":58},[44,153352,36467],{"class":123},[44,153354,127],{"class":58},[44,153356,633],{"class":583},[44,153358,130],{"class":587},[44,153360,633],{"class":583},[44,153362,66],{"class":58},[44,153364,69],{"class":62},[44,153366,5979],{"class":58},[44,153368,51543],{"class":1992},[44,153370,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,153372,140],{"class":139},[44,153374,127],{"class":58},[44,153376,36765],{"class":123},[44,153378,120],{"class":58},[44,153380,36467],{"class":123},[44,153382,127],{"class":58},[44,153384,633],{"class":583},[44,153386,130],{"class":587},[44,153388,633],{"class":583},[44,153390,66],{"class":58},[44,153392,2212],{"class":62},[44,153394,66],{"class":58},[44,153396,74],{"class":62},[44,153398,5979],{"class":58},[44,153400,28399],{"class":1992},[30,153402,103826],{"id":103825},[20,153404,153405,26127],{},[15,153406,149640],{},[205,153408,153409,153412],{},[208,153410,153411],{},"An integer",[208,153413,153414],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153416,153417],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153419,295],{},[35,153421,153423],{"className":37,"code":153422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153424,153425,153465,153487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153426,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153428,108925],{"class":50},[44,153430,55],{"class":54},[44,153432,9859],{"class":58},[44,153434,633],{"class":583},[44,153436,2122],{"class":587},[44,153438,633],{"class":583},[44,153440,66],{"class":58},[44,153442,643],{"class":583},[44,153444,2131],{"class":587},[44,153446,633],{"class":583},[44,153448,66],{"class":58},[44,153450,643],{"class":583},[44,153452,2140],{"class":587},[44,153454,633],{"class":583},[44,153456,66],{"class":58},[44,153458,643],{"class":583},[44,153460,2131],{"class":587},[44,153462,633],{"class":583},[44,153464,133],{"class":58},[44,153466,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153468,112],{"class":50},[44,153470,55],{"class":54},[44,153472,108968],{"class":50},[44,153474,120],{"class":58},[44,153476,36467],{"class":123},[44,153478,127],{"class":58},[44,153480,633],{"class":583},[44,153482,2131],{"class":587},[44,153484,633],{"class":583},[44,153486,133],{"class":58},[44,153488,153489,153491,153493,153495],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153490,140],{"class":139},[44,153492,127],{"class":58},[44,153494,145],{"class":123},[44,153496,133],{"class":58},[20,153498,150],{},[35,153500,153501],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153502,153503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153504,153505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153506,47540],{"class":62},[30,153508,153510],{"id":153509},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153512,1296,153513,11220],{},[15,153514,149640],{},[205,153516,153517,153519,153522],{},[208,153518,66722],{},[208,153520,153521],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[208,153523,153524],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153526,153527,153528,153531,153532,120],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153529,153530],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[176,153533,150108],{"href":153534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,153536,66254],{"id":66253},[20,153538,153539,153540,120],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153541,41327],{},[20,153543,295],{},[35,153545,153547],{"className":37,"code":153546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153548,153549,153581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153550,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153552,13692],{"class":50},[44,153554,55],{"class":54},[44,153556,9859],{"class":58},[44,153558,633],{"class":583},[44,153560,13709],{"class":587},[44,153562,633],{"class":583},[44,153564,66],{"class":58},[44,153566,643],{"class":583},[44,153568,13726],{"class":587},[44,153570,633],{"class":583},[44,153572,66],{"class":58},[44,153574,643],{"class":583},[44,153576,18073],{"class":587},[44,153578,633],{"class":583},[44,153580,133],{"class":58},[44,153582,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153584,140],{"class":139},[44,153586,127],{"class":58},[44,153588,18120],{"class":123},[44,153590,120],{"class":58},[44,153592,36467],{"class":123},[44,153594,127],{"class":58},[44,153596,633],{"class":583},[44,153598,23142],{"class":587},[44,153600,633],{"class":583},[44,153602,556],{"class":58},[20,153604,40276,153605,153607],{},[15,153606,110250],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153609,66329],{},[35,153611,153613],{"className":37,"code":153612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153614,153615,153647,153651,153667,153689,153695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153616,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153618,13692],{"class":50},[44,153620,55],{"class":54},[44,153622,9859],{"class":58},[44,153624,633],{"class":583},[44,153626,13709],{"class":587},[44,153628,633],{"class":583},[44,153630,66],{"class":58},[44,153632,643],{"class":583},[44,153634,13726],{"class":587},[44,153636,633],{"class":583},[44,153638,66],{"class":58},[44,153640,643],{"class":583},[44,153642,18073],{"class":587},[44,153644,633],{"class":583},[44,153646,133],{"class":58},[44,153648,153649],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153650,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,153652,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153654,7615],{"class":4496},[44,153656,643],{"class":583},[44,153658,23142],{"class":587},[44,153660,633],{"class":583},[44,153662,21792],{"class":54},[44,153664,13740],{"class":50},[44,153666,7011],{"class":58},[44,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,153670,8690],{"class":139},[44,153672,127],{"class":58},[44,153674,18120],{"class":123},[44,153676,120],{"class":58},[44,153678,36467],{"class":123},[44,153680,127],{"class":58},[44,153682,633],{"class":583},[44,153684,23142],{"class":587},[44,153686,633],{"class":583},[44,153688,556],{"class":58},[44,153690,153691,153693],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,153692,28053],{"class":4496},[44,153694,7011],{"class":58},[44,153696,153697,153699,153701,153703,153706,153708],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,153698,8690],{"class":139},[44,153700,127],{"class":58},[44,153702,633],{"class":583},[44,153704,153705],{"class":587},"Value not found",[44,153707,633],{"class":583},[44,153709,133],{"class":58},[20,153711,150],{},[35,153713,153715],{"className":37,"code":153714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,153716,153717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153718,153719,153722,153724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153720,153721],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,153723,199],{"class":54},[44,153725,66453],{"class":50},[20,153727,153728,153729,120],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[176,153730,66463],{"href":66462},[30,153732,863,153733,2495,153735],{"id":66030},[15,153734,36694],{},[15,153736,53286],{},[20,153738,192,153739,2495,153741,153743],{},[15,153740,36694],{},[15,153742,53286],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153745,153746],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153748,295],{},[35,153750,153752],{"className":37,"code":153751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153753,153754,153782,153786,153807,153831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153755,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153757,4441],{"class":50},[44,153759,55],{"class":54},[44,153761,9859],{"class":58},[44,153763,357],{"class":62},[44,153765,66],{"class":58},[44,153767,6622],{"class":62},[44,153769,66],{"class":58},[44,153771,104],{"class":62},[44,153773,66],{"class":58},[44,153775,8410],{"class":62},[44,153777,66],{"class":58},[44,153779,104],{"class":62},[44,153781,133],{"class":58},[44,153783,153784],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153785,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,153787,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153789,140],{"class":139},[44,153791,127],{"class":58},[44,153793,5976],{"class":123},[44,153795,120],{"class":58},[44,153797,36467],{"class":123},[44,153799,127],{"class":58},[44,153801,357],{"class":62},[44,153803,5979],{"class":58},[44,153805,153806],{"class":1992},"        # 0\n",[44,153808,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,153810,140],{"class":139},[44,153812,127],{"class":58},[44,153814,5976],{"class":123},[44,153816,120],{"class":58},[44,153818,36467],{"class":123},[44,153820,127],{"class":58},[44,153822,357],{"class":62},[44,153824,66],{"class":58},[44,153826,2212],{"class":62},[44,153828,5979],{"class":58},[44,153830,51577],{"class":1992},[44,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,153834,140],{"class":139},[44,153836,127],{"class":58},[44,153838,5976],{"class":123},[44,153840,120],{"class":58},[44,153842,36467],{"class":123},[44,153844,127],{"class":58},[44,153846,357],{"class":62},[44,153848,66],{"class":58},[44,153850,74],{"class":62},[44,153852,66],{"class":58},[44,153854,104],{"class":62},[44,153856,5979],{"class":58},[44,153858,51560],{"class":1992},[1044,153860,153862],{"id":153861},"how-it-works","How it works",[205,153864,153865,153870,153875],{},[208,153866,153867,153869],{},[15,153868,36694],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[208,153871,153872,153874],{},[15,153873,53286],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[208,153876,192,153877,153879],{},[15,153878,53286],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153881,295],{},[35,153883,153885],{"className":37,"code":153884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153886,153887,153915,153919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153888,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153890,4441],{"class":50},[44,153892,55],{"class":54},[44,153894,9859],{"class":58},[44,153896,357],{"class":62},[44,153898,66],{"class":58},[44,153900,6622],{"class":62},[44,153902,66],{"class":58},[44,153904,104],{"class":62},[44,153906,66],{"class":58},[44,153908,8410],{"class":62},[44,153910,66],{"class":58},[44,153912,104],{"class":62},[44,153914,133],{"class":58},[44,153916,153917],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,153918,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,153920,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,153922,140],{"class":139},[44,153924,127],{"class":58},[44,153926,5976],{"class":123},[44,153928,120],{"class":58},[44,153930,36467],{"class":123},[44,153932,127],{"class":58},[44,153934,357],{"class":62},[44,153936,66],{"class":58},[44,153938,2212],{"class":62},[44,153940,66],{"class":58},[44,153942,79],{"class":62},[44,153944,556],{"class":58},[20,153946,150],{},[35,153948,153949],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153950,153951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153952,153953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153954,17675],{"class":62},[20,153956,153957,153958,2817,153960,17691,153962,153964,153965,120],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153959,63],{},[15,153961,339],{},[15,153963,95],{},", but not ",[15,153966,1517],{},[30,153968,153970],{"id":153969},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153972,153973,153974,1598],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153975,149640],{},[205,153977,153978,153986,153991,153998],{},[208,153979,153980,153981,153983,153984],{},"Do not confuse the ",[197,153982,3100],{}," with the ",[197,153985,36467],{},[208,153987,153988,153989],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153990,2748],{},[208,153992,1296,153993,153997],{},[176,153994,149666,153995,2544],{"href":149718},[15,153996,57915],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[208,153999,154000,154001,154003],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154002,153530],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154005,154006],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,154008,154010],{"className":37,"code":154009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154011,154012,154044,154048,154072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154013,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154015,36861],{"class":50},[44,154017,55],{"class":54},[44,154019,9859],{"class":58},[44,154021,633],{"class":583},[44,154023,636],{"class":587},[44,154025,633],{"class":583},[44,154027,66],{"class":58},[44,154029,643],{"class":583},[44,154031,646],{"class":587},[44,154033,633],{"class":583},[44,154035,66],{"class":58},[44,154037,643],{"class":583},[44,154039,655],{"class":587},[44,154041,633],{"class":583},[44,154043,133],{"class":58},[44,154045,154046],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154047,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154049,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154051,140],{"class":139},[44,154053,127],{"class":58},[44,154055,36913],{"class":123},[44,154057,120],{"class":58},[44,154059,36467],{"class":123},[44,154061,127],{"class":58},[44,154063,633],{"class":583},[44,154065,646],{"class":587},[44,154067,633],{"class":583},[44,154069,5979],{"class":58},[44,154071,28399],{"class":1992},[44,154073,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154075,140],{"class":139},[44,154077,127],{"class":58},[44,154079,36913],{"class":123},[44,154081,4521],{"class":58},[44,154083,63],{"class":62},[44,154085,21064],{"class":58},[44,154087,154088],{"class":1992},"               # banana\n",[20,154090,2806],{},[205,154092,154093,154097],{},[208,154094,154095,15865],{},[15,154096,65898],{},[208,154098,154099,154101],{},[15,154100,63],{}," is the index",[30,154103,3454],{"id":3453},[20,154105,106564,154106,1598],{},[15,154107,149640],{},[205,154109,154110,154113,154118,154123,154130],{},[208,154111,154112],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[208,154114,9075,154115,154117],{},[15,154116,59590],{}," to return all matching positions",[208,154119,154120,154121],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154122,2748],{},[208,154124,154125,154126,2495,154128],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154127,36694],{},[15,154129,53286],{},[208,154131,37826,154132,154134],{},[15,154133,149640],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1044,154136,61333],{"id":61332},[20,154138,95002],{},[35,154140,154142],{"className":37,"code":154141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154143,154144,154154,154168,154183,154201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154145,154146,154148,154150,154152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154147,140],{"class":139},[44,154149,127],{"class":58},[44,154151,148453],{"class":123},[44,154153,133],{"class":58},[44,154155,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154157,140],{"class":139},[44,154159,127],{"class":58},[44,154161,2441],{"class":139},[44,154163,127],{"class":58},[44,154165,148453],{"class":123},[44,154167,556],{"class":58},[44,154169,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154181],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154171,140],{"class":139},[44,154173,127],{"class":58},[44,154175,3075],{"class":123},[44,154177,4503],{"class":4496},[44,154179,154180],{"class":123}," my_tuple",[44,154182,133],{"class":58},[44,154184,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154186,140],{"class":139},[44,154188,127],{"class":58},[44,154190,148453],{"class":123},[44,154192,120],{"class":58},[44,154194,41882],{"class":123},[44,154196,127],{"class":58},[44,154198,3100],{"class":123},[44,154200,556],{"class":58},[44,154202,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,154204,140],{"class":139},[44,154206,127],{"class":58},[44,154208,148453],{"class":123},[44,154210,120],{"class":58},[44,154212,36467],{"class":123},[44,154214,127],{"class":58},[44,154216,3100],{"class":123},[44,154218,556],{"class":58},[20,154220,154221,154222,85019,154224,154226],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154223,41327],{},[15,154225,3100],{}," is missing.",[20,154228,130070],{},[35,154230,154232],{"className":37,"code":154231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154233,154234,154246,154264,154270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154235,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154237,7615],{"class":4496},[44,154239,22202],{"class":50},[44,154241,4503],{"class":54},[44,154243,154180],{"class":50},[44,154245,7011],{"class":58},[44,154247,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154249,8690],{"class":139},[44,154251,127],{"class":58},[44,154253,148453],{"class":123},[44,154255,120],{"class":58},[44,154257,36467],{"class":123},[44,154259,127],{"class":58},[44,154261,3100],{"class":123},[44,154263,556],{"class":58},[44,154265,154266,154268],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154267,28053],{"class":4496},[44,154269,7011],{"class":58},[44,154271,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154273,8690],{"class":139},[44,154275,127],{"class":58},[44,154277,633],{"class":583},[44,154279,153705],{"class":587},[44,154281,633],{"class":583},[44,154283,133],{"class":58},[30,154285,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,154287,5760,154289,13332],{"id":154288},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154290,149640],{},[20,154292,154293],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1044,154295,154297],{"id":154296},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154299,154300,153167],{},[15,154301,149640],{},[1044,154303,149619],{"id":149618},[20,154305,77482,154306,120],{},[15,154307,41327],{},[1044,154309,154311],{"id":154310},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154313,154314,154315,2495,154317,154319],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154316,36694],{},[15,154318,53286],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1044,154321,15521,154323,57830,154325,1447],{"id":154322},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154324,149640],{},[15,154326,65489],{},[20,154328,154329],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,154331,2528],{"id":2527},[205,154333,154334,154340,154344,154349,154353],{},[208,154335,154336],{},[176,154337,149666,154338,2544],{"href":149718},[15,154339,57915],{},[208,154341,154342],{},[176,154343,150108],{"href":153534},[208,154345,154346],{},[176,154347,154348],{"href":151414},"Creating a tuple in Python",[208,154350,154351],{},[176,154352,66463],{"href":66462},[208,154354,154355],{},[176,154356,151362],{"href":153172},[2554,154358,154359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234,"children":154366},[154367],{"id":18013,"depth":109,"text":18014},{"id":103825,"depth":85,"text":103826},{"id":153509,"depth":85,"text":153510},{"id":66253,"depth":85,"text":66254},{"id":66030,"depth":85,"text":66813,"children":154372},[154373],{"id":153861,"depth":109,"text":153862},{"id":153969,"depth":85,"text":153970},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454,"children":154376},[154377],{"id":61332,"depth":109,"text":61333},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":154379},[154380,154382,154383,154384,154385],{"id":154288,"depth":109,"text":154381},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154296,"depth":109,"text":154297},{"id":149618,"depth":109,"text":149619},{"id":154310,"depth":109,"text":154311},{"id":154322,"depth":109,"text":154386},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152974,"description":154388},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154395,"title":154396,"body":154397,"description":155792,"extension":2593,"meta":155793,"navigation":364,"path":153534,"seo":155794,"stem":155795,"__hash__":155796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154398,"toc":155774},[154399,154402,154405,154408,154422,154424,154427,154521,154531,154537,154541,154544,154547,154549,154567,154569,154640,154642,154659,154663,154667,154670,154687,154690,154705,154707,154798,154801,154805,154808,154825,154827,154922,154925,154928,154932,154935,155029,155031,155050,155053,155057,155060,155062,155117,155119,155154,155157,155171,155179,155272,155281,155285,155288,155295,155298,155345,155347,155355,155358,155409,155411,155428,155433,155437,155440,155443,155445,155496,155499,155554,155557,155560,155562,155565,155585,155587,155660,155663,155676,155678,155682,155687,155691,155696,155713,155717,155720,155737,155741,155744,155746,155771],[10,154400,154396],{"id":154401},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154403,154404],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154406,154407],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[205,154409,154410,154413,154416,154419],{},[208,154411,154412],{},"positive indexes",[208,154414,154415],{},"negative indexes",[208,154417,154418],{},"common indexing mistakes",[208,154420,154421],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,154423,33],{"id":32},[20,154425,154426],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,154428,154430],{"className":37,"code":154429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154431,154432,154464,154468,154485,154502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154435,13692],{"class":50},[44,154437,55],{"class":54},[44,154439,9859],{"class":58},[44,154441,633],{"class":583},[44,154443,13709],{"class":587},[44,154445,633],{"class":583},[44,154447,66],{"class":58},[44,154449,643],{"class":583},[44,154451,18073],{"class":587},[44,154453,633],{"class":583},[44,154455,66],{"class":58},[44,154457,643],{"class":583},[44,154459,13726],{"class":587},[44,154461,633],{"class":583},[44,154463,133],{"class":58},[44,154465,154466],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154467,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154469,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154471,140],{"class":139},[44,154473,127],{"class":58},[44,154475,18120],{"class":123},[44,154477,4521],{"class":58},[44,154479,2748],{"class":62},[44,154481,21064],{"class":58},[44,154483,154484],{"class":1992},"   # red\n",[44,154486,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154488,140],{"class":139},[44,154490,127],{"class":58},[44,154492,18120],{"class":123},[44,154494,4521],{"class":58},[44,154496,63],{"class":62},[44,154498,21064],{"class":58},[44,154500,154501],{"class":1992},"   # green\n",[44,154503,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,154505,140],{"class":139},[44,154507,127],{"class":58},[44,154509,18120],{"class":123},[44,154511,4521],{"class":58},[44,154513,1316],{"class":54},[44,154515,63],{"class":62},[44,154517,21064],{"class":58},[44,154519,154520],{"class":1992},"  # blue\n",[205,154522,154523,154528],{},[208,154524,132859,154525,154527],{},[15,154526,2748],{}," is the first item.",[208,154529,154530],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154532,154533,154534,120],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[176,154535,154536],{"href":148438},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,154538,154540],{"id":154539},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154542,154543],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154545,154546],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154548,12076],{},[205,154550,154551,154554,154561,154564],{},[208,154552,154553],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[208,154555,154556,154557,600,154559],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154558,2748],{},[15,154560,63],{},[208,154562,154563],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[208,154565,154566],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154568,295],{},[35,154570,154572],{"className":37,"code":154571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154573,154574,154594,154598,154612,154626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154575,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154577,884],{"class":50},[44,154579,55],{"class":54},[44,154581,9859],{"class":58},[44,154583,2958],{"class":62},[44,154585,66],{"class":58},[44,154587,8410],{"class":62},[44,154589,66],{"class":58},[44,154591,8415],{"class":62},[44,154593,133],{"class":58},[44,154595,154596],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154597,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154599,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154601,140],{"class":139},[44,154603,127],{"class":58},[44,154605,4268],{"class":123},[44,154607,4521],{"class":58},[44,154609,2748],{"class":62},[44,154611,4509],{"class":58},[44,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154615,140],{"class":139},[44,154617,127],{"class":58},[44,154619,4268],{"class":123},[44,154621,4521],{"class":58},[44,154623,63],{"class":62},[44,154625,4509],{"class":58},[44,154627,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,154629,140],{"class":139},[44,154631,127],{"class":58},[44,154633,4268],{"class":123},[44,154635,4521],{"class":58},[44,154637,339],{"class":62},[44,154639,4509],{"class":58},[20,154641,150],{},[35,154643,154645],{"className":37,"code":154644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154646,154647,154651,154655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154648,154649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154650,3004],{"class":62},[44,154652,154653],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154654,71848],{"class":62},[44,154656,154657],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154658,70464],{"class":62},[20,154660,60015,154661,120],{},[176,154662,148435],{"href":148434},[30,154664,154666],{"id":154665},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154668,154669],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[205,154671,154672,154677,154682],{},[208,154673,154674,154676],{},[15,154675,2748],{}," = first item",[208,154678,154679,154681],{},[15,154680,63],{}," = second item",[208,154683,154684,154686],{},[15,154685,339],{}," = third item",[20,154688,154689],{},"Pattern:",[35,154691,154693],{"className":37,"code":154692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154694,154695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154696,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154698,153190],{"class":50},[44,154700,4521],{"class":58},[44,154702,36467],{"class":50},[44,154704,1967],{"class":58},[20,154706,295],{},[35,154708,154710],{"className":37,"code":154709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154711,154712,154744,154748,154765,154781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154713,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154715,36861],{"class":50},[44,154717,55],{"class":54},[44,154719,9859],{"class":58},[44,154721,633],{"class":583},[44,154723,636],{"class":587},[44,154725,633],{"class":583},[44,154727,66],{"class":58},[44,154729,643],{"class":583},[44,154731,646],{"class":587},[44,154733,633],{"class":583},[44,154735,66],{"class":58},[44,154737,643],{"class":583},[44,154739,4717],{"class":587},[44,154741,633],{"class":583},[44,154743,133],{"class":58},[44,154745,154746],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154747,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154749,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154751,140],{"class":139},[44,154753,127],{"class":58},[44,154755,36913],{"class":123},[44,154757,4521],{"class":58},[44,154759,2748],{"class":62},[44,154761,21064],{"class":58},[44,154763,154764],{"class":1992},"  # apple\n",[44,154766,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154768,140],{"class":139},[44,154770,127],{"class":58},[44,154772,36913],{"class":123},[44,154774,4521],{"class":58},[44,154776,63],{"class":62},[44,154778,21064],{"class":58},[44,154780,52111],{"class":1992},[44,154782,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,154784,140],{"class":139},[44,154786,127],{"class":58},[44,154788,36913],{"class":123},[44,154790,4521],{"class":58},[44,154792,339],{"class":62},[44,154794,21064],{"class":58},[44,154796,154797],{"class":1992},"  # cherry\n",[20,154799,154800],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,154802,154804],{"id":154803},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154806,154807],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[205,154809,154810,154815,154820],{},[208,154811,154812,154814],{},[15,154813,66478],{}," = last item",[208,154816,154817,154819],{},[15,154818,96031],{}," = second-to-last item",[208,154821,154822,154824],{},[15,154823,48294],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154826,295],{},[35,154828,154830],{"className":37,"code":154829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154831,154832,154864,154868,154886,154904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154833,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154835,36861],{"class":50},[44,154837,55],{"class":54},[44,154839,9859],{"class":58},[44,154841,633],{"class":583},[44,154843,636],{"class":587},[44,154845,633],{"class":583},[44,154847,66],{"class":58},[44,154849,643],{"class":583},[44,154851,646],{"class":587},[44,154853,633],{"class":583},[44,154855,66],{"class":58},[44,154857,643],{"class":583},[44,154859,4717],{"class":587},[44,154861,633],{"class":583},[44,154863,133],{"class":58},[44,154865,154866],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154867,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154869,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154871,140],{"class":139},[44,154873,127],{"class":58},[44,154875,36913],{"class":123},[44,154877,4521],{"class":58},[44,154879,1316],{"class":54},[44,154881,63],{"class":62},[44,154883,21064],{"class":58},[44,154885,154797],{"class":1992},[44,154887,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154889,140],{"class":139},[44,154891,127],{"class":58},[44,154893,36913],{"class":123},[44,154895,4521],{"class":58},[44,154897,1316],{"class":54},[44,154899,339],{"class":62},[44,154901,21064],{"class":58},[44,154903,52111],{"class":1992},[44,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,154907,140],{"class":139},[44,154909,127],{"class":58},[44,154911,36913],{"class":123},[44,154913,4521],{"class":58},[44,154915,1316],{"class":54},[44,154917,95],{"class":62},[44,154919,21064],{"class":58},[44,154921,154764],{"class":1992},[20,154923,154924],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154926,154927],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154929,154931],{"id":154930},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154933,154934],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154936,154938],{"className":37,"code":154937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154939,154940,154972,154976,154993,155010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154941,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154943,5612],{"class":50},[44,154945,55],{"class":54},[44,154947,9859],{"class":58},[44,154949,633],{"class":583},[44,154951,13497],{"class":587},[44,154953,633],{"class":583},[44,154955,66],{"class":58},[44,154957,643],{"class":583},[44,154959,36562],{"class":587},[44,154961,633],{"class":583},[44,154963,66],{"class":58},[44,154965,643],{"class":583},[44,154967,36571],{"class":587},[44,154969,633],{"class":583},[44,154971,133],{"class":58},[44,154973,154974],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,154975,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,154977,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,154979,140],{"class":139},[44,154981,127],{"class":58},[44,154983,5656],{"class":123},[44,154985,4521],{"class":58},[44,154987,2748],{"class":62},[44,154989,21064],{"class":58},[44,154991,154992],{"class":1992},"   # first item\n",[44,154994,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,154996,140],{"class":139},[44,154998,127],{"class":58},[44,155000,5656],{"class":123},[44,155002,4521],{"class":58},[44,155004,63],{"class":62},[44,155006,21064],{"class":58},[44,155008,155009],{"class":1992},"   # middle item\n",[44,155011,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,155013,140],{"class":139},[44,155015,127],{"class":58},[44,155017,5656],{"class":123},[44,155019,4521],{"class":58},[44,155021,1316],{"class":54},[44,155023,63],{"class":62},[44,155025,21064],{"class":58},[44,155027,155028],{"class":1992},"  # last item\n",[20,155030,150],{},[35,155032,155034],{"className":37,"code":155033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155035,155036,155040,155045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155037,155038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155039,50664],{"class":50},[44,155041,155042],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155043,155044],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,155046,155047],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155048,155049],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,155051,155052],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,155054,155056],{"id":155055},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155058,155059],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155061,295],{},[35,155063,155065],{"className":37,"code":155064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155066,155067,155099,155103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155068,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155070,36712],{"class":50},[44,155072,55],{"class":54},[44,155074,9859],{"class":58},[44,155076,633],{"class":583},[44,155078,176],{"class":587},[44,155080,633],{"class":583},[44,155082,66],{"class":58},[44,155084,643],{"class":583},[44,155086,130],{"class":587},[44,155088,633],{"class":583},[44,155090,66],{"class":58},[44,155092,643],{"class":583},[44,155094,431],{"class":587},[44,155096,633],{"class":583},[44,155098,133],{"class":58},[44,155100,155101],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155102,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155104,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155106,140],{"class":139},[44,155108,127],{"class":58},[44,155110,36765],{"class":123},[44,155112,4521],{"class":58},[44,155114,357],{"class":62},[44,155116,4509],{"class":58},[20,155118,150],{},[35,155120,155122],{"className":37,"code":155121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155123,155124,155136,155141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155125,155126,155129,155131,155134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155127,155128],{"class":123},"Traceback ",[44,155130,127],{"class":58},[44,155132,155133],{"class":123},"most recent call last",[44,155135,8964],{"class":58},[44,155137,155138],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155139,155140],{"class":35072},"  ...\n",[44,155142,155143,155145,155147,155149,155152],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155144,71355],{"class":548},[44,155146,1598],{"class":58},[44,155148,149801],{"class":548},[44,155150,155151],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,155153,71547],{"class":139},[20,155155,155156],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[205,155158,155159,155163,155167],{},[208,155160,155161],{},[15,155162,2748],{},[208,155164,155165],{},[15,155166,63],{},[208,155168,155169],{},[15,155170,339],{},[20,155172,155173,155174,120],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[176,155175,155176,155178],{"href":149673},[15,155177,42984],{}," on a tuple",[35,155180,155182],{"className":37,"code":155181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155183,155184,155216,155220,155236,155240,155258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155185,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155187,36712],{"class":50},[44,155189,55],{"class":54},[44,155191,9859],{"class":58},[44,155193,633],{"class":583},[44,155195,176],{"class":587},[44,155197,633],{"class":583},[44,155199,66],{"class":58},[44,155201,643],{"class":583},[44,155203,130],{"class":587},[44,155205,633],{"class":583},[44,155207,66],{"class":58},[44,155209,643],{"class":583},[44,155211,431],{"class":587},[44,155213,633],{"class":583},[44,155215,133],{"class":58},[44,155217,155218],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155219,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155221,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155223,140],{"class":139},[44,155225,127],{"class":58},[44,155227,2441],{"class":139},[44,155229,127],{"class":58},[44,155231,36765],{"class":123},[44,155233,5979],{"class":58},[44,155235,51395],{"class":1992},[44,155237,155238],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,155239,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155241,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,155243,7615],{"class":4496},[44,155245,39008],{"class":139},[44,155247,127],{"class":58},[44,155249,36765],{"class":123},[44,155251,4281],{"class":58},[44,155253,39018],{"class":54},[44,155255,69],{"class":62},[44,155257,7011],{"class":58},[44,155259,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,155261,8690],{"class":139},[44,155263,127],{"class":58},[44,155265,36765],{"class":123},[44,155267,4521],{"class":58},[44,155269,339],{"class":62},[44,155271,4509],{"class":58},[20,155273,155274,155275,120],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[176,155276,26298,155278],{"href":155277},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155279,155280],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,155282,155284],{"id":155283},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155286,155287],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[205,155289,155290,155292],{},[208,155291,77499],{},[208,155293,155294],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155296,155297],{},"Indexing example:",[35,155299,155301],{"className":37,"code":155300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155302,155303,155327,155331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155304,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155306,884],{"class":50},[44,155308,55],{"class":54},[44,155310,9859],{"class":58},[44,155312,2958],{"class":62},[44,155314,66],{"class":58},[44,155316,8410],{"class":62},[44,155318,66],{"class":58},[44,155320,8415],{"class":62},[44,155322,66],{"class":58},[44,155324,51468],{"class":62},[44,155326,133],{"class":58},[44,155328,155329],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155330,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155332,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155334,140],{"class":139},[44,155336,127],{"class":58},[44,155338,4268],{"class":123},[44,155340,4521],{"class":58},[44,155342,63],{"class":62},[44,155344,4509],{"class":58},[20,155346,150],{},[35,155348,155349],{"className":37,"code":71848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155350,155351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155352,155353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155354,71848],{"class":62},[20,155356,155357],{},"Slicing example:",[35,155359,155361],{"className":37,"code":155360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155362,155363,155387,155391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155364,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155366,884],{"class":50},[44,155368,55],{"class":54},[44,155370,9859],{"class":58},[44,155372,2958],{"class":62},[44,155374,66],{"class":58},[44,155376,8410],{"class":62},[44,155378,66],{"class":58},[44,155380,8415],{"class":62},[44,155382,66],{"class":58},[44,155384,51468],{"class":62},[44,155386,133],{"class":58},[44,155388,155389],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155390,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155394,140],{"class":139},[44,155396,127],{"class":58},[44,155398,4268],{"class":123},[44,155400,4521],{"class":58},[44,155402,63],{"class":62},[44,155404,1598],{"class":58},[44,155406,95],{"class":62},[44,155408,4509],{"class":58},[20,155410,150],{},[35,155412,155414],{"className":37,"code":155413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155415,155416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155417,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155419,127],{"class":58},[44,155421,16372],{"class":62},[44,155423,66],{"class":58},[44,155425,8415],{"class":62},[44,155427,133],{"class":58},[20,155429,155430,155431,120],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[176,155432,151352],{"href":151351},[30,155434,155436],{"id":155435},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155438,155439],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155441,155442],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155444,7305],{},[35,155446,155448],{"className":37,"code":155447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155449,155450,155482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155451,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155453,13692],{"class":50},[44,155455,55],{"class":54},[44,155457,9859],{"class":58},[44,155459,633],{"class":583},[44,155461,13709],{"class":587},[44,155463,633],{"class":583},[44,155465,66],{"class":58},[44,155467,643],{"class":583},[44,155469,18073],{"class":587},[44,155471,633],{"class":583},[44,155473,66],{"class":58},[44,155475,643],{"class":583},[44,155477,13726],{"class":587},[44,155479,633],{"class":583},[44,155481,133],{"class":58},[44,155483,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155485,140],{"class":139},[44,155487,127],{"class":58},[44,155489,18120],{"class":123},[44,155491,4521],{"class":58},[44,155493,63],{"class":62},[44,155495,4509],{"class":58},[20,155497,155498],{},"But this does not work:",[35,155500,155502],{"className":37,"code":155501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155503,155504,155536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155505,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155507,13692],{"class":50},[44,155509,55],{"class":54},[44,155511,9859],{"class":58},[44,155513,633],{"class":583},[44,155515,13709],{"class":587},[44,155517,633],{"class":583},[44,155519,66],{"class":58},[44,155521,643],{"class":583},[44,155523,18073],{"class":587},[44,155525,633],{"class":583},[44,155527,66],{"class":58},[44,155529,643],{"class":583},[44,155531,13726],{"class":587},[44,155533,633],{"class":583},[44,155535,133],{"class":58},[44,155537,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155539,18120],{"class":50},[44,155541,4521],{"class":58},[44,155543,63],{"class":62},[44,155545,13890],{"class":58},[44,155547,13893],{"class":54},[44,155549,643],{"class":583},[44,155551,23142],{"class":587},[44,155553,3979],{"class":583},[20,155555,155556],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155558,155559],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,155561,3454],{"id":3453},[20,155563,155564],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[205,155566,155567,155573,155576,155579],{},[208,155568,133163,155569,11711,155571],{},[15,155570,63],{},[15,155572,2748],{},[208,155574,155575],{},"Using an index that is too large",[208,155577,155578],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[208,155580,155581,155582],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155583,155584],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155586,62918],{},[35,155588,155590],{"className":37,"code":155589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155591,155592,155602,155616,155630,155646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155593,155594,155596,155598,155600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155595,140],{"class":139},[44,155597,127],{"class":58},[44,155599,148453],{"class":123},[44,155601,133],{"class":58},[44,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155605,140],{"class":139},[44,155607,127],{"class":58},[44,155609,2441],{"class":139},[44,155611,127],{"class":58},[44,155613,148453],{"class":123},[44,155615,556],{"class":58},[44,155617,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155619,140],{"class":139},[44,155621,127],{"class":58},[44,155623,148453],{"class":123},[44,155625,4521],{"class":58},[44,155627,2748],{"class":62},[44,155629,4509],{"class":58},[44,155631,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,155633,140],{"class":139},[44,155635,127],{"class":58},[44,155637,148453],{"class":123},[44,155639,4521],{"class":58},[44,155641,1316],{"class":54},[44,155643,63],{"class":62},[44,155645,4509],{"class":58},[44,155647,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,155649,140],{"class":139},[44,155651,127],{"class":58},[44,155653,549],{"class":548},[44,155655,127],{"class":58},[44,155657,148453],{"class":123},[44,155659,556],{"class":58},[20,155661,155662],{},"These can help you confirm:",[205,155664,155665,155668,155670,155673],{},[208,155666,155667],{},"what the tuple contains",[208,155669,61407],{},[208,155671,155672],{},"what the first and last items are",[208,155674,155675],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,155677,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,155679,155681],{"id":155680},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155683,155684,155685,120],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155686,2748],{},[1044,155688,155690],{"id":155689},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155692,1296,155693,155695],{},[15,155694,66478],{}," as the index:",[35,155697,155699],{"className":37,"code":155698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155700,155701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155702,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155704,148453],{"class":50},[44,155706,4521],{"class":58},[44,155708,1316],{"class":54},[44,155710,63],{"class":62},[44,155712,1967],{"class":58},[1044,155714,155716],{"id":155715},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155718,155719],{},"Python raises:",[35,155721,155723],{"className":37,"code":155722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155724,155725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155726,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155728,71355],{"class":548},[44,155730,1598],{"class":58},[44,155732,149801],{"class":548},[44,155734,155151],{"class":50},[44,155736,71547],{"class":139},[1044,155738,155740],{"id":155739},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155742,155743],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,155745,2528],{"id":2527},[205,155747,155748,155753,155757,155761,155767],{},[208,155749,155750],{},[176,155751,155752],{"href":148438},"How to create a tuple in Python",[208,155754,155755],{},[176,155756,151352],{"href":151351},[208,155758,155759],{},[176,155760,151357],{"href":149673},[208,155762,155763],{},[176,155764,26741,155765],{"href":155277},[15,155766,155280],{},[208,155768,155769],{},[176,155770,148435],{"href":148434},[2554,155772,155773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":155775},[155776,155777,155778,155779,155780,155781,155782,155783,155784,155785,155791],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":154539,"depth":85,"text":154540},{"id":154665,"depth":85,"text":154666},{"id":154803,"depth":85,"text":154804},{"id":154930,"depth":85,"text":154931},{"id":155055,"depth":85,"text":155056},{"id":155283,"depth":85,"text":155284},{"id":155435,"depth":85,"text":155436},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":155786},[155787,155788,155789,155790],{"id":155680,"depth":109,"text":155681},{"id":155689,"depth":109,"text":155690},{"id":155715,"depth":109,"text":155716},{"id":155739,"depth":109,"text":155740},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154396,"description":155792},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155798,"title":155799,"body":155800,"description":157689,"extension":2593,"meta":157690,"navigation":364,"path":157691,"seo":157692,"stem":157693,"__hash__":157694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155801,"toc":157646},[155802,155808,155813,155864,155868,155876,155882,155884,155900,155902,155905,155920,155922,155935,155937,155994,155998,156006,156013,156019,156025,156029,156080,156084,156092,156096,156125,156129,156137,156141,156174,156178,156186,156190,156193,156244,156248,156256,156258,156275,156279,156283,156342,156346,156354,156357,156384,156388,156396,156400,156406,156481,156485,156522,156530,156534,156597,156601,156609,156614,156618,156624,156667,156671,156679,156685,156688,156735,156739,156747,156756,156762,156817,156821,156829,156832,156836,156838,156869,156873,156892,156895,156940,156944,156967,156973,156978,156980,157027,157032,157035,157083,157087,157095,157099,157104,157108,157158,157162,157177,157181,157239,157243,157258,157262,157333,157337,157346,157350,157429,157433,157455,157463,157465,157468,157493,157495,157548,157550,157567,157569,157573,157579,157584,157589,157593,157598,157602,157607,157613,157616,157618,157643],[10,155803,155805,155806,4281],{"id":155804},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155807,2441],{},[20,155809,1296,155810,155812],{},[15,155811,42984],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,155814,155816],{"className":37,"code":155815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155817,155818,155850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155819,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155821,13692],{"class":50},[44,155823,55],{"class":54},[44,155825,9859],{"class":58},[44,155827,633],{"class":583},[44,155829,13709],{"class":587},[44,155831,633],{"class":583},[44,155833,66],{"class":58},[44,155835,643],{"class":583},[44,155837,18073],{"class":587},[44,155839,633],{"class":583},[44,155841,66],{"class":58},[44,155843,643],{"class":583},[44,155845,13726],{"class":587},[44,155847,633],{"class":583},[44,155849,133],{"class":58},[44,155851,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155853,140],{"class":139},[44,155855,127],{"class":58},[44,155857,2441],{"class":139},[44,155859,127],{"class":58},[44,155861,18120],{"class":123},[44,155863,556],{"class":58},[20,155865,155866],{},[197,155867,150],{},[35,155869,155870],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155871,155872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155873,155874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155875,47240],{"class":62},[20,155877,1296,155878,155881],{},[15,155879,155880],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155883,15781],{"id":15780},[205,155885,155886,155891,155895,155898],{},[208,155887,4819,155888,155890],{},[15,155889,42984],{}," works with tuples",[208,155892,68882,155893,12321],{},[15,155894,42984],{},[208,155896,155897],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[208,155899,1580],{},[30,155901,234],{"id":233},[20,155903,155904],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155906,155908],{"className":37,"code":155907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155909,155910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155911,155912,155914,155916,155918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155913,2441],{"class":139},[44,155915,127],{"class":58},[44,155917,148453],{"class":123},[44,155919,133],{"class":58},[20,155921,12076],{},[205,155923,155924,155927,155930],{},[208,155925,155926],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[208,155928,155929],{},"The result is an integer",[208,155931,155932,155934],{},[15,155933,42984],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155936,295],{},[35,155938,155940],{"className":37,"code":155939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155941,155942,155966,155980,155984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155943,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155945,884],{"class":50},[44,155947,55],{"class":54},[44,155949,9859],{"class":58},[44,155951,2958],{"class":62},[44,155953,66],{"class":58},[44,155955,8410],{"class":62},[44,155957,66],{"class":58},[44,155959,8415],{"class":62},[44,155961,66],{"class":58},[44,155963,51468],{"class":62},[44,155965,133],{"class":58},[44,155967,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,155969,41864],{"class":50},[44,155971,55],{"class":54},[44,155973,39008],{"class":139},[44,155975,127],{"class":58},[44,155977,4268],{"class":123},[44,155979,133],{"class":58},[44,155981,155982],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,155983,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,155985,155986,155988,155990,155992],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,155987,140],{"class":139},[44,155989,127],{"class":58},[44,155991,41882],{"class":123},[44,155993,133],{"class":58},[20,155995,155996],{},[197,155997,150],{},[35,155999,156000],{"className":37,"code":49274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156001,156002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156003,156004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156005,49274],{"class":62},[20,156007,156008,156009,120],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[176,156010,4197,156011,4130],{"href":42981},[15,156012,42984],{},[30,156014,186,156016,156018],{"id":156015},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156017,42984],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156020,156021,156022,156024],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156023,42984],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1044,156026,156028],{"id":156027},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,156030,156032],{"className":37,"code":156031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156033,156034,156066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156035,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156037,36861],{"class":50},[44,156039,55],{"class":54},[44,156041,9859],{"class":58},[44,156043,633],{"class":583},[44,156045,636],{"class":587},[44,156047,633],{"class":583},[44,156049,66],{"class":58},[44,156051,643],{"class":583},[44,156053,646],{"class":587},[44,156055,633],{"class":583},[44,156057,66],{"class":58},[44,156059,643],{"class":583},[44,156061,655],{"class":587},[44,156063,633],{"class":583},[44,156065,133],{"class":58},[44,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156069,140],{"class":139},[44,156071,127],{"class":58},[44,156073,2441],{"class":139},[44,156075,127],{"class":58},[44,156077,36913],{"class":123},[44,156079,556],{"class":58},[20,156081,156082],{},[197,156083,150],{},[35,156085,156086],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156087,156088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156089,156090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156091,47240],{"class":62},[1044,156093,156095],{"id":156094},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,156097,156099],{"className":37,"code":156098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156100,156101,156110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156102,156103,156106,156108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156104,156105],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,156107,55],{"class":54},[44,156109,149777],{"class":58},[44,156111,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156123],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156113,140],{"class":139},[44,156115,127],{"class":58},[44,156117,2441],{"class":139},[44,156119,127],{"class":58},[44,156121,156122],{"class":123},"empty_tuple",[44,156124,556],{"class":58},[20,156126,156127],{},[197,156128,150],{},[35,156130,156131],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156132,156133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156134,156135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156136,47875],{"class":62},[1044,156138,156140],{"id":156139},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,156142,156144],{"className":37,"code":156143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156145,156146,156159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156147,156148,156151,156153,156155,156157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156149,156150],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,156152,55],{"class":54},[44,156154,9859],{"class":58},[44,156156,357],{"class":62},[44,156158,149791],{"class":58},[44,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156172],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156162,140],{"class":139},[44,156164,127],{"class":58},[44,156166,2441],{"class":139},[44,156168,127],{"class":58},[44,156170,156171],{"class":123},"single_value",[44,156173,556],{"class":58},[20,156175,156176],{},[197,156177,150],{},[35,156179,156180],{"className":37,"code":47540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156181,156182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156183,156184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156185,47540],{"class":62},[1044,156187,156189],{"id":156188},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156191,156192],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,156194,156196],{"className":37,"code":156195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156197,156198,156230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156199,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156201,9788],{"class":50},[44,156203,55],{"class":54},[44,156205,9859],{"class":58},[44,156207,63],{"class":62},[44,156209,66],{"class":58},[44,156211,9859],{"class":58},[44,156213,339],{"class":62},[44,156215,66],{"class":58},[44,156217,74],{"class":62},[44,156219,9856],{"class":58},[44,156221,1954],{"class":58},[44,156223,1517],{"class":62},[44,156225,66],{"class":58},[44,156227,104],{"class":62},[44,156229,4509],{"class":58},[44,156231,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156233,140],{"class":139},[44,156235,127],{"class":58},[44,156237,2441],{"class":139},[44,156239,127],{"class":58},[44,156241,9827],{"class":123},[44,156243,556],{"class":58},[20,156245,156246],{},[197,156247,150],{},[35,156249,156250],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156251,156252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156253,156254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156255,47240],{"class":62},[20,156257,20575],{},[205,156259,156260,156265,156270],{},[208,156261,156262,156264],{},[15,156263,63],{}," is one item",[208,156266,156267,156264],{},[15,156268,156269],{},"(2, 3)",[208,156271,156272,156264],{},[15,156273,156274],{},"[4, 5]",[30,156276,156278],{"id":156277},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1044,156280,156282],{"id":156281},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,156284,156286],{"className":37,"code":156285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156287,156288,156328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156289,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156291,13692],{"class":50},[44,156293,55],{"class":54},[44,156295,9859],{"class":58},[44,156297,633],{"class":583},[44,156299,13709],{"class":587},[44,156301,633],{"class":583},[44,156303,66],{"class":58},[44,156305,643],{"class":583},[44,156307,18073],{"class":587},[44,156309,633],{"class":583},[44,156311,66],{"class":58},[44,156313,643],{"class":583},[44,156315,13726],{"class":587},[44,156317,633],{"class":583},[44,156319,66],{"class":58},[44,156321,643],{"class":583},[44,156323,23142],{"class":587},[44,156325,633],{"class":583},[44,156327,133],{"class":58},[44,156329,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156331,140],{"class":139},[44,156333,127],{"class":58},[44,156335,2441],{"class":139},[44,156337,127],{"class":58},[44,156339,18120],{"class":123},[44,156341,556],{"class":58},[20,156343,156344],{},[197,156345,150],{},[35,156347,156348],{"className":37,"code":49274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156349,156350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156351,156352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156353,49274],{"class":62},[1044,156355,156095],{"id":156356},"empty-tuple-1",[35,156358,156360],{"className":37,"code":156359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156361,156362,156370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156363,156364,156366,156368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156365,8399],{"class":50},[44,156367,55],{"class":54},[44,156369,149777],{"class":58},[44,156371,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156373,140],{"class":139},[44,156375,127],{"class":58},[44,156377,2441],{"class":139},[44,156379,127],{"class":58},[44,156381,8430],{"class":123},[44,156383,556],{"class":58},[20,156385,156386],{},[197,156387,150],{},[35,156389,156390],{"className":37,"code":47875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156391,156392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156393,156394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156395,47875],{"class":62},[1044,156397,156399],{"id":156398},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156401,156402,156403,156405],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[197,156404,199],{}," always a tuple.",[35,156407,156409],{"className":37,"code":156408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156410,156411,156423,156435,156439,156453,156467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156414,51],{"class":50},[44,156416,55],{"class":54},[44,156418,9859],{"class":58},[44,156420,357],{"class":62},[44,156422,133],{"class":58},[44,156424,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156426,88],{"class":50},[44,156428,55],{"class":54},[44,156430,9859],{"class":58},[44,156432,357],{"class":62},[44,156434,149791],{"class":58},[44,156436,156437],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,156438,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,156440,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,156442,140],{"class":139},[44,156444,127],{"class":58},[44,156446,549],{"class":548},[44,156448,127],{"class":58},[44,156450,176],{"class":123},[44,156452,556],{"class":58},[44,156454,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,156456,140],{"class":139},[44,156458,127],{"class":58},[44,156460,549],{"class":548},[44,156462,127],{"class":58},[44,156464,130],{"class":123},[44,156466,556],{"class":58},[44,156468,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,156470,140],{"class":139},[44,156472,127],{"class":58},[44,156474,2441],{"class":139},[44,156476,127],{"class":58},[44,156478,130],{"class":123},[44,156480,556],{"class":58},[20,156482,156483],{},[197,156484,150],{},[35,156486,156488],{"className":37,"code":156487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156489,156490,156504,156518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156491,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156493,576],{"class":54},[44,156495,580],{"class":579},[44,156497,584],{"class":583},[44,156499,2816],{"class":587},[44,156501,590],{"class":583},[44,156503,593],{"class":54},[44,156505,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156507,576],{"class":54},[44,156509,580],{"class":579},[44,156511,584],{"class":583},[44,156513,49577],{"class":587},[44,156515,590],{"class":583},[44,156517,593],{"class":54},[44,156519,156520],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,156521,47540],{"class":62},[20,156523,156524,156525,2495,156528,120],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[176,156526,156527],{"href":148438},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[176,156529,149739],{"href":149738},[1044,156531,156533],{"id":156532},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,156535,156537],{"className":37,"code":156536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156538,156539,156583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156542,60095],{"class":50},[44,156544,55],{"class":54},[44,156546,9859],{"class":58},[44,156548,633],{"class":583},[44,156550,636],{"class":587},[44,156552,633],{"class":583},[44,156554,66],{"class":58},[44,156556,1954],{"class":58},[44,156558,63],{"class":62},[44,156560,66],{"class":58},[44,156562,69],{"class":62},[44,156564,18680],{"class":58},[44,156566,9859],{"class":58},[44,156568,633],{"class":583},[44,156570,2801],{"class":587},[44,156572,633],{"class":583},[44,156574,66],{"class":58},[44,156576,643],{"class":583},[44,156578,12361],{"class":587},[44,156580,633],{"class":583},[44,156582,556],{"class":58},[44,156584,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156586,140],{"class":139},[44,156588,127],{"class":58},[44,156590,2441],{"class":139},[44,156592,127],{"class":58},[44,156594,60148],{"class":123},[44,156596,556],{"class":58},[20,156598,156599],{},[197,156600,150],{},[35,156602,156603],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156604,156605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156606,156607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156608,47240],{"class":62},[20,156610,156611,156613],{},[15,156612,42984],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,156615,156617],{"id":156616},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1044,156619,156621,156623],{"id":156620},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156622,42984],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,156625,156627],{"className":37,"code":156626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156628,156629,156653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156630,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156632,4692],{"class":50},[44,156634,55],{"class":54},[44,156636,9859],{"class":58},[44,156638,633],{"class":583},[44,156640,64219],{"class":587},[44,156642,633],{"class":583},[44,156644,66],{"class":58},[44,156646,643],{"class":583},[44,156648,39],{"class":587},[44,156650,633],{"class":583},[44,156652,133],{"class":58},[44,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156656,140],{"class":139},[44,156658,127],{"class":58},[44,156660,2441],{"class":139},[44,156662,127],{"class":58},[44,156664,4734],{"class":123},[44,156666,556],{"class":58},[20,156668,156669],{},[197,156670,150],{},[35,156672,156673],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156674,156675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156676,156677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156678,17675],{"class":62},[20,156680,156681,156682,156684],{},"This result is ",[15,156683,339],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156686,156687],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,156689,156691],{"className":37,"code":156690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156692,156693,156717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156694,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156696,4692],{"class":50},[44,156698,55],{"class":54},[44,156700,9859],{"class":58},[44,156702,633],{"class":583},[44,156704,64219],{"class":587},[44,156706,633],{"class":583},[44,156708,66],{"class":58},[44,156710,643],{"class":583},[44,156712,39],{"class":587},[44,156714,633],{"class":583},[44,156716,133],{"class":58},[44,156718,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156720,140],{"class":139},[44,156722,127],{"class":58},[44,156724,2441],{"class":139},[44,156726,127],{"class":58},[44,156728,4734],{"class":123},[44,156730,4521],{"class":58},[44,156732,2748],{"class":62},[44,156734,3622],{"class":58},[20,156736,156737],{},[197,156738,150],{},[35,156740,156741],{"className":37,"code":17675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156742,156743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156744,156745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156746,17675],{"class":62},[20,156748,21389,156749,156752,156753,120],{},[15,156750,156751],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156754,156755],{},"\"hi\"",[1044,156757,156759,156761],{"id":156758},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156760,42984],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,156763,156765],{"className":37,"code":156764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156766,156767,156803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156768,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156770,4441],{"class":50},[44,156772,55],{"class":54},[44,156774,10615],{"class":58},[44,156776,63],{"class":62},[44,156778,66],{"class":58},[44,156780,69],{"class":62},[44,156782,9856],{"class":58},[44,156784,9859],{"class":58},[44,156786,95],{"class":62},[44,156788,66],{"class":58},[44,156790,79],{"class":62},[44,156792,9856],{"class":58},[44,156794,9859],{"class":58},[44,156796,357],{"class":62},[44,156798,66],{"class":58},[44,156800,911],{"class":62},[44,156802,556],{"class":58},[44,156804,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156806,140],{"class":139},[44,156808,127],{"class":58},[44,156810,2441],{"class":139},[44,156812,127],{"class":58},[44,156814,5976],{"class":123},[44,156816,556],{"class":58},[20,156818,156819],{},[197,156820,150],{},[35,156822,156823],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156824,156825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156826,156827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156828,47240],{"class":62},[20,156830,156831],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1044,156833,156835],{"id":156834},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156837,26309],{},[35,156839,156841],{"className":37,"code":156840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156842,156843,156855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156844,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156846,3075],{"class":50},[44,156848,55],{"class":54},[44,156850,9859],{"class":58},[44,156852,2958],{"class":62},[44,156854,133],{"class":58},[44,156856,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156858,140],{"class":139},[44,156860,127],{"class":58},[44,156862,549],{"class":548},[44,156864,127],{"class":58},[44,156866,3100],{"class":123},[44,156868,556],{"class":58},[20,156870,156871],{},[197,156872,150],{},[35,156874,156876],{"className":37,"code":156875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156877,156878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156881,576],{"class":54},[44,156883,580],{"class":579},[44,156885,584],{"class":583},[44,156887,2816],{"class":587},[44,156889,590],{"class":583},[44,156891,593],{"class":54},[20,156893,156894],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156896,156898],{"className":37,"code":156897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156899,156900,156912,156926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156901,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156903,3075],{"class":50},[44,156905,55],{"class":54},[44,156907,9859],{"class":58},[44,156909,2958],{"class":62},[44,156911,149791],{"class":58},[44,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156915,140],{"class":139},[44,156917,127],{"class":58},[44,156919,549],{"class":548},[44,156921,127],{"class":58},[44,156923,3100],{"class":123},[44,156925,556],{"class":58},[44,156927,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,156929,140],{"class":139},[44,156931,127],{"class":58},[44,156933,2441],{"class":139},[44,156935,127],{"class":58},[44,156937,3100],{"class":123},[44,156939,556],{"class":58},[20,156941,156942],{},[197,156943,150],{},[35,156945,156947],{"className":37,"code":156946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156948,156949,156963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156950,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156952,576],{"class":54},[44,156954,580],{"class":579},[44,156956,584],{"class":583},[44,156958,49577],{"class":587},[44,156960,590],{"class":583},[44,156962,593],{"class":54},[44,156964,156965],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156966,47540],{"class":62},[1044,156968,156970,156972],{"id":156969},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156971,2441],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156974,45052,156975,156977],{},[15,156976,2441],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156979,45083],{},[35,156981,156983],{"className":37,"code":156982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156984,156985,156993,157013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156986,156987,156989,156991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156988,2441],{"class":139},[44,156990,13893],{"class":54},[44,156992,3211],{"class":62},[44,156994,156995,156997,156999,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,156996,884],{"class":50},[44,156998,55],{"class":54},[44,157000,9859],{"class":58},[44,157002,63],{"class":62},[44,157004,66],{"class":58},[44,157006,69],{"class":62},[44,157008,66],{"class":58},[44,157010,74],{"class":62},[44,157012,133],{"class":58},[44,157014,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157016,140],{"class":139},[44,157018,127],{"class":58},[44,157020,2441],{"class":139},[44,157022,127],{"class":58},[44,157024,4268],{"class":123},[44,157026,556],{"class":58},[20,157028,40276,157029,157031],{},[15,157030,2441],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157033,157034],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,157036,157038],{"className":37,"code":157037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157039,157040,157049,157069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157041,157042,157045,157047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157043,157044],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,157046,55],{"class":54},[44,157048,3211],{"class":62},[44,157050,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157052,884],{"class":50},[44,157054,55],{"class":54},[44,157056,9859],{"class":58},[44,157058,63],{"class":62},[44,157060,66],{"class":58},[44,157062,69],{"class":62},[44,157064,66],{"class":58},[44,157066,74],{"class":62},[44,157068,133],{"class":58},[44,157070,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157072,140],{"class":139},[44,157074,127],{"class":58},[44,157076,2441],{"class":139},[44,157078,127],{"class":58},[44,157080,4268],{"class":123},[44,157082,556],{"class":58},[20,157084,157085],{},[197,157086,150],{},[35,157088,157089],{"className":37,"code":47240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157090,157091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157092,157093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157094,47240],{"class":62},[30,157096,157098],{"id":157097},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157100,157101,157103],{},[15,157102,42984],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1044,157105,157107],{"id":157106},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,157109,157111],{"className":37,"code":157110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157112,157113,157121,157125,157143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157114,157115,157117,157119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157116,8399],{"class":50},[44,157118,55],{"class":54},[44,157120,149777],{"class":58},[44,157122,157123],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157124,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157126,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157128,7615],{"class":4496},[44,157130,39008],{"class":139},[44,157132,127],{"class":58},[44,157134,8430],{"class":123},[44,157136,4281],{"class":58},[44,157138,7026],{"class":54},[44,157140,4452],{"class":62},[44,157142,7011],{"class":58},[44,157144,157145,157147,157149,157151,157154,157156],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157146,8690],{"class":139},[44,157148,127],{"class":58},[44,157150,633],{"class":583},[44,157152,157153],{"class":587},"The tuple is empty",[44,157155,633],{"class":583},[44,157157,133],{"class":58},[20,157159,157160],{},[197,157161,150],{},[35,157163,157165],{"className":37,"code":157164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157166,157167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157168,157169,157171,157173,157175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157170,192],{"class":50},[44,157172,49577],{"class":548},[44,157174,8718],{"class":54},[44,157176,8724],{"class":50},[1044,157178,157180],{"id":157179},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,157182,157184],{"className":37,"code":157183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157185,157186,157202,157206,157224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157187,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157189,52010],{"class":50},[44,157191,55],{"class":54},[44,157193,9859],{"class":58},[44,157195,1517],{"class":62},[44,157197,66],{"class":58},[44,157199,960],{"class":62},[44,157201,133],{"class":58},[44,157203,157204],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157205,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157207,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157209,7615],{"class":4496},[44,157211,39008],{"class":139},[44,157213,127],{"class":58},[44,157215,52035],{"class":123},[44,157217,4281],{"class":58},[44,157219,7026],{"class":54},[44,157221,69],{"class":62},[44,157223,7011],{"class":58},[44,157225,157226,157228,157230,157232,157235,157237],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157227,8690],{"class":139},[44,157229,127],{"class":58},[44,157231,633],{"class":583},[44,157233,157234],{"class":587},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,157236,633],{"class":583},[44,157238,133],{"class":58},[20,157240,157241],{},[197,157242,150],{},[35,157244,157246],{"className":37,"code":157245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157247,157248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157249,157250,157253,157255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157251,157252],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,157254,66],{"class":58},[44,157256,157257],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[1044,157259,157261],{"id":157260},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,157263,157265],{"className":37,"code":157264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157266,157267,157296,157300,157318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157268,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157292,157294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157270,12104],{"class":50},[44,157272,55],{"class":54},[44,157274,9859],{"class":58},[44,157276,633],{"class":583},[44,157278,13497],{"class":587},[44,157280,633],{"class":583},[44,157282,66],{"class":58},[44,157284,9928],{"class":62},[44,157286,66],{"class":58},[44,157288,643],{"class":583},[44,157290,157291],{"class":587},"Canada",[44,157293,633],{"class":583},[44,157295,133],{"class":58},[44,157297,157298],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157299,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157301,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157303,7615],{"class":4496},[44,157305,39008],{"class":139},[44,157307,127],{"class":58},[44,157309,12198],{"class":123},[44,157311,4281],{"class":58},[44,157313,7026],{"class":54},[44,157315,74],{"class":62},[44,157317,7011],{"class":58},[44,157319,157320,157322,157324,157326,157329,157331],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157321,8690],{"class":139},[44,157323,127],{"class":58},[44,157325,633],{"class":583},[44,157327,157328],{"class":587},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,157330,633],{"class":583},[44,157332,133],{"class":58},[20,157334,157335],{},[197,157336,150],{},[35,157338,157340],{"className":37,"code":157339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157341,157342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157343,157344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157345,157339],{"class":50},[1044,157347,157349],{"id":157348},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,157351,157353],{"className":37,"code":157352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157354,157355,157387,157391,157411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157356,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157358,36712],{"class":50},[44,157360,55],{"class":54},[44,157362,9859],{"class":58},[44,157364,633],{"class":583},[44,157366,176],{"class":587},[44,157368,633],{"class":583},[44,157370,66],{"class":58},[44,157372,643],{"class":583},[44,157374,130],{"class":587},[44,157376,633],{"class":583},[44,157378,66],{"class":58},[44,157380,643],{"class":583},[44,157382,431],{"class":587},[44,157384,633],{"class":583},[44,157386,133],{"class":58},[44,157388,157389],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157390,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157392,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157394,6576],{"class":4496},[44,157396,70172],{"class":50},[44,157398,4503],{"class":4496},[44,157400,54696],{"class":139},[44,157402,127],{"class":58},[44,157404,2441],{"class":139},[44,157406,127],{"class":58},[44,157408,36765],{"class":123},[44,157410,70187],{"class":58},[44,157412,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157414,8690],{"class":139},[44,157416,127],{"class":58},[44,157418,36776],{"class":123},[44,157420,66],{"class":58},[44,157422,70720],{"class":123},[44,157424,4521],{"class":58},[44,157426,36776],{"class":123},[44,157428,4509],{"class":58},[20,157430,157431],{},[197,157432,150],{},[35,157434,157435],{"className":37,"code":36788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157436,157437,157443,157449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157438,157439,157441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157440,2748],{"class":62},[44,157442,36797],{"class":50},[44,157444,157445,157447],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157446,63],{"class":62},[44,157448,36804],{"class":50},[44,157450,157451,157453],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157452,339],{"class":62},[44,157454,36811],{"class":50},[20,157456,157457,157458,157460,157461,120],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[176,157459,150108],{"href":150107},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[176,157462,151352],{"href":151351},[30,157464,3454],{"id":3453},[20,157466,157467],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[205,157469,157470,157478,157485,157490],{},[208,157471,157472,157473,11711,157476],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157474,157475],{},"(5)",[15,157477,149942],{},[208,157479,863,157480,157482,157483],{},[15,157481,2441],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157484,42984],{},[208,157486,9075,157487,157489],{},[15,157488,42984],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[208,157491,157492],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157494,32702],{},[35,157496,157498],{"className":37,"code":157497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157499,157500,157510,157524,157538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157501,157502,157504,157506,157508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157503,140],{"class":139},[44,157505,127],{"class":58},[44,157507,148453],{"class":123},[44,157509,133],{"class":58},[44,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157513,140],{"class":139},[44,157515,127],{"class":58},[44,157517,549],{"class":548},[44,157519,127],{"class":58},[44,157521,148453],{"class":123},[44,157523,556],{"class":58},[44,157525,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157527,140],{"class":139},[44,157529,127],{"class":58},[44,157531,2441],{"class":139},[44,157533,127],{"class":58},[44,157535,148453],{"class":123},[44,157537,556],{"class":58},[44,157539,157540,157542,157544,157546],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157541,32772],{"class":139},[44,157543,127],{"class":58},[44,157545,2441],{"class":139},[44,157547,133],{"class":58},[20,157549,155662],{},[205,157551,157552,157555,157558,157562],{},[208,157553,157554],{},"what value you are using",[208,157556,157557],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[208,157559,26638,157560,12321],{},[15,157561,42984],{},[208,157563,123826,157564,157566],{},[15,157565,42984],{}," is documented in Python",[30,157568,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,157570,157572],{"id":157571},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157574,1296,157575,157578],{},[15,157576,157577],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1044,157580,2482,157582,149612],{"id":157581},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157583,42984],{},[20,157585,46988,157586,157588],{},[15,157587,42984],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1044,157590,157592],{"id":157591},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157594,157595,157596,120],{},"The length is ",[15,157597,2748],{},[1044,157599,157601],{"id":157600},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157603,151298,157604,157606],{},[15,157605,151301],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1044,157608,2482,157610,157612],{"id":157609},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157611,42984],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157614,157615],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,157617,2528],{"id":2527},[205,157619,157620,157626,157630,157634,157638],{},[208,157621,157622],{},[176,157623,4197,157624,4130],{"href":42981},[15,157625,42984],{},[208,157627,157628],{},[176,157629,156527],{"href":148438},[208,157631,157632],{},[176,157633,150108],{"href":150107},[208,157635,157636],{},[176,157637,151352],{"href":151351},[208,157639,157640],{},[176,157641,157642],{"href":149738},"What is a tuple in Python",[2554,157644,157645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":157647},[157648,157649,157650,157657,157663,157672,157678,157679,157688],{"id":15780,"depth":85,"text":15781},{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":156015,"depth":85,"text":157651,"children":157652},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157653,157654,157655,157656],{"id":156027,"depth":109,"text":156028},{"id":156094,"depth":109,"text":156095},{"id":156139,"depth":109,"text":156140},{"id":156188,"depth":109,"text":156189},{"id":156277,"depth":85,"text":156278,"children":157658},[157659,157660,157661,157662],{"id":156281,"depth":109,"text":156282},{"id":156356,"depth":109,"text":156095},{"id":156398,"depth":109,"text":156399},{"id":156532,"depth":109,"text":156533},{"id":156616,"depth":85,"text":156617,"children":157664},[157665,157667,157669,157670],{"id":156620,"depth":109,"text":157666},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156758,"depth":109,"text":157668},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156834,"depth":109,"text":156835},{"id":156969,"depth":109,"text":157671},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157097,"depth":85,"text":157098,"children":157673},[157674,157675,157676,157677],{"id":157106,"depth":109,"text":157107},{"id":157179,"depth":109,"text":157180},{"id":157260,"depth":109,"text":157261},{"id":157348,"depth":109,"text":157349},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":157680},[157681,157682,157684,157685,157686],{"id":157571,"depth":109,"text":157572},{"id":157581,"depth":109,"text":157683},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157591,"depth":109,"text":157592},{"id":157600,"depth":109,"text":157601},{"id":157609,"depth":109,"text":157687},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155799,"description":157689},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157696,"title":157697,"body":157698,"description":160083,"extension":2593,"meta":160084,"navigation":364,"path":160085,"seo":160086,"stem":160087,"__hash__":160088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157699,"toc":160044},[157700,157703,157706,157709,157732,157738,157740,157851,157855,157858,157868,157870,157969,157971,158048,158054,158058,158061,158084,158087,158104,158107,158109,158172,158174,158191,158202,158207,158209,158212,158218,158269,158271,158291,158295,158346,158348,158369,158373,158428,158430,158451,158455,158510,158512,158533,158537,158590,158592,158621,158623,158625,158628,158632,158689,158691,158712,158716,158769,158771,158796,158801,158805,158810,158828,158831,158894,158896,158917,158920,158981,158983,159004,159007,159050,159053,159057,159062,159066,159145,159147,159178,159182,159257,159259,159286,159290,159337,159339,159347,159352,159356,159359,159374,159376,159464,159466,159491,159494,159537,159546,159548,159551,159566,159569,159573,159627,159629,159649,159654,159658,159660,159698,159701,159751,159755,159828,159830,159867,159870,159872,159875,159895,159898,159967,159969,159982,159984,159988,159991,159995,159998,160003,160006,160012,160017,160019,160041],[10,157701,157697],{"id":157702},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157704,157705],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157707,157708],{},"Use this format:",[35,157710,157712],{"className":37,"code":157711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157713,157714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157715,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157717,49577],{"class":50},[44,157719,4521],{"class":58},[44,157721,36694],{"class":50},[44,157723,1598],{"class":58},[44,157725,76050],{"class":50},[44,157727,1598],{"class":58},[44,157729,76053],{"class":50},[44,157731,1967],{"class":58},[20,157733,192,157734,76086,157736,120],{},[15,157735,76050],{},[197,157737,65693],{},[30,157739,2634],{"id":2633},[35,157741,157743],{"className":37,"code":157742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157744,157745,157773,157777,157798,157815,157832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157746,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157748,884],{"class":50},[44,157750,55],{"class":54},[44,157752,9859],{"class":58},[44,157754,2958],{"class":62},[44,157756,66],{"class":58},[44,157758,8410],{"class":62},[44,157760,66],{"class":58},[44,157762,8415],{"class":62},[44,157764,66],{"class":58},[44,157766,51468],{"class":62},[44,157768,66],{"class":58},[44,157770,5698],{"class":62},[44,157772,133],{"class":58},[44,157774,157775],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157776,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157778,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157780,140],{"class":139},[44,157782,127],{"class":58},[44,157784,4268],{"class":123},[44,157786,4521],{"class":58},[44,157788,63],{"class":62},[44,157790,1598],{"class":58},[44,157792,1517],{"class":62},[44,157794,21064],{"class":58},[44,157796,157797],{"class":1992},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157799,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157801,140],{"class":139},[44,157803,127],{"class":58},[44,157805,4268],{"class":123},[44,157807,76159],{"class":58},[44,157809,95],{"class":62},[44,157811,21064],{"class":58},[44,157813,157814],{"class":1992},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157816,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,157818,140],{"class":139},[44,157820,127],{"class":58},[44,157822,4268],{"class":123},[44,157824,74746],{"class":58},[44,157826,339],{"class":62},[44,157828,21064],{"class":58},[44,157830,157831],{"class":1992},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157833,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,157835,140],{"class":139},[44,157837,127],{"class":58},[44,157839,4268],{"class":123},[44,157841,74746],{"class":58},[44,157843,1316],{"class":54},[44,157845,63],{"class":62},[44,157847,21064],{"class":58},[44,157849,157850],{"class":1992},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157852,157854],{"id":157853},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157856,157857],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[205,157859,157860,157862,157865],{},[208,157861,76353],{},[208,157863,157864],{},"The result is a new tuple",[208,157866,157867],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157869,295],{},[35,157871,157873],{"className":37,"code":157872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157874,157875,157923,157927,157945,157949,157959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157876,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157878,36712],{"class":50},[44,157880,55],{"class":54},[44,157882,9859],{"class":58},[44,157884,633],{"class":583},[44,157886,176],{"class":587},[44,157888,633],{"class":583},[44,157890,66],{"class":58},[44,157892,643],{"class":583},[44,157894,130],{"class":587},[44,157896,633],{"class":583},[44,157898,66],{"class":58},[44,157900,643],{"class":583},[44,157902,431],{"class":587},[44,157904,633],{"class":583},[44,157906,66],{"class":58},[44,157908,643],{"class":583},[44,157910,19386],{"class":587},[44,157912,633],{"class":583},[44,157914,66],{"class":58},[44,157916,643],{"class":583},[44,157918,61070],{"class":587},[44,157920,633],{"class":583},[44,157922,133],{"class":58},[44,157924,157925],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,157926,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157928,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,157930,76283],{"class":50},[44,157932,55],{"class":54},[44,157934,70720],{"class":50},[44,157936,4521],{"class":58},[44,157938,63],{"class":62},[44,157940,1598],{"class":58},[44,157942,1517],{"class":62},[44,157944,1967],{"class":58},[44,157946,157947],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,157948,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,157950,157951,157953,157955,157957],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,157952,140],{"class":139},[44,157954,127],{"class":58},[44,157956,76306],{"class":123},[44,157958,133],{"class":58},[44,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,157962,140],{"class":139},[44,157964,127],{"class":58},[44,157966,36765],{"class":123},[44,157968,133],{"class":58},[20,157970,150],{},[35,157972,157974],{"className":37,"code":157973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157975,157976,158004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157977,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157979,127],{"class":58},[44,157981,590],{"class":583},[44,157983,130],{"class":587},[44,157985,590],{"class":583},[44,157987,66],{"class":58},[44,157989,584],{"class":583},[44,157991,431],{"class":587},[44,157993,590],{"class":583},[44,157995,66],{"class":58},[44,157997,584],{"class":583},[44,157999,19386],{"class":587},[44,158001,590],{"class":583},[44,158003,133],{"class":58},[44,158005,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158007,127],{"class":58},[44,158009,590],{"class":583},[44,158011,176],{"class":587},[44,158013,590],{"class":583},[44,158015,66],{"class":58},[44,158017,584],{"class":583},[44,158019,130],{"class":587},[44,158021,590],{"class":583},[44,158023,66],{"class":58},[44,158025,584],{"class":583},[44,158027,431],{"class":587},[44,158029,590],{"class":583},[44,158031,66],{"class":58},[44,158033,584],{"class":583},[44,158035,19386],{"class":587},[44,158037,590],{"class":583},[44,158039,66],{"class":58},[44,158041,584],{"class":583},[44,158043,61070],{"class":587},[44,158045,590],{"class":583},[44,158047,133],{"class":58},[20,158049,158050,158051,120],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[176,158052,148435],{"href":158053},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,158055,158057],{"id":158056},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158059,158060],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,158062,158064],{"className":37,"code":158063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158065,158066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158069,148453],{"class":50},[44,158071,4521],{"class":58},[44,158073,36694],{"class":50},[44,158075,1598],{"class":58},[44,158077,76050],{"class":50},[44,158079,1598],{"class":58},[44,158081,76053],{"class":50},[44,158083,1967],{"class":58},[20,158085,158086],{},"Each part has a job:",[205,158088,158089,158094,158099],{},[208,158090,158091,158093],{},[15,158092,36694],{},": where slicing begins",[208,158095,158096,158098],{},[15,158097,76050],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[208,158100,158101,158103],{},[15,158102,76053],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158105,158106],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158108,295],{},[35,158110,158112],{"className":37,"code":158111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158113,158114,158146,158150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158115,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158117,884],{"class":50},[44,158119,55],{"class":54},[44,158121,9859],{"class":58},[44,158123,2958],{"class":62},[44,158125,66],{"class":58},[44,158127,8410],{"class":62},[44,158129,66],{"class":58},[44,158131,8415],{"class":62},[44,158133,66],{"class":58},[44,158135,51468],{"class":62},[44,158137,66],{"class":58},[44,158139,5698],{"class":62},[44,158141,66],{"class":58},[44,158143,76724],{"class":62},[44,158145,133],{"class":58},[44,158147,158148],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158149,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158151,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158153,140],{"class":139},[44,158155,127],{"class":58},[44,158157,4268],{"class":123},[44,158159,4521],{"class":58},[44,158161,63],{"class":62},[44,158163,1598],{"class":58},[44,158165,357],{"class":62},[44,158167,1598],{"class":58},[44,158169,339],{"class":62},[44,158171,4509],{"class":58},[20,158173,150],{},[35,158175,158177],{"className":37,"code":158176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158178,158179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158180,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158182,127],{"class":58},[44,158184,16372],{"class":62},[44,158186,66],{"class":58},[44,158188,51468],{"class":62},[44,158190,133],{"class":58},[20,158192,158193,158194,158196,158197,158199,158200,120],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158195,63],{},", stops before index ",[15,158198,357],{},", and moves by ",[15,158201,339],{},[20,158203,158204,158205,120],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[176,158206,150108],{"href":153534},[30,158208,76640],{"id":76639},[20,158210,158211],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1044,158213,158215,158216,6584],{"id":158214},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158217,76654],{},[35,158219,158221],{"className":37,"code":158220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158222,158223,158251,158255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158224,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158226,884],{"class":50},[44,158228,55],{"class":54},[44,158230,9859],{"class":58},[44,158232,2958],{"class":62},[44,158234,66],{"class":58},[44,158236,8410],{"class":62},[44,158238,66],{"class":58},[44,158240,8415],{"class":62},[44,158242,66],{"class":58},[44,158244,51468],{"class":62},[44,158246,66],{"class":58},[44,158248,5698],{"class":62},[44,158250,133],{"class":58},[44,158252,158253],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158254,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158258,140],{"class":139},[44,158260,127],{"class":58},[44,158262,4268],{"class":123},[44,158264,76159],{"class":58},[44,158266,95],{"class":62},[44,158268,4509],{"class":58},[20,158270,150],{},[35,158272,158273],{"className":37,"code":151800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158274,158275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158276,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158278,127],{"class":58},[44,158280,2958],{"class":62},[44,158282,66],{"class":58},[44,158284,8410],{"class":62},[44,158286,66],{"class":58},[44,158288,8415],{"class":62},[44,158290,133],{"class":58},[1044,158292,158294],{"id":158293},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,158296,158298],{"className":37,"code":158297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158299,158300,158328,158332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158301,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158303,884],{"class":50},[44,158305,55],{"class":54},[44,158307,9859],{"class":58},[44,158309,2958],{"class":62},[44,158311,66],{"class":58},[44,158313,8410],{"class":62},[44,158315,66],{"class":58},[44,158317,8415],{"class":62},[44,158319,66],{"class":58},[44,158321,51468],{"class":62},[44,158323,66],{"class":58},[44,158325,5698],{"class":62},[44,158327,133],{"class":58},[44,158329,158330],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158331,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158333,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158335,140],{"class":139},[44,158337,127],{"class":58},[44,158339,4268],{"class":123},[44,158341,4521],{"class":58},[44,158343,339],{"class":62},[44,158345,78340],{"class":58},[20,158347,150],{},[35,158349,158351],{"className":37,"code":158350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158352,158353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158354,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158356,127],{"class":58},[44,158358,37464],{"class":62},[44,158360,66],{"class":58},[44,158362,51468],{"class":62},[44,158364,66],{"class":58},[44,158366,5698],{"class":62},[44,158368,133],{"class":58},[1044,158370,158372],{"id":158371},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,158374,158376],{"className":37,"code":158375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158377,158378,158406,158410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158379,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158381,884],{"class":50},[44,158383,55],{"class":54},[44,158385,9859],{"class":58},[44,158387,2958],{"class":62},[44,158389,66],{"class":58},[44,158391,8410],{"class":62},[44,158393,66],{"class":58},[44,158395,8415],{"class":62},[44,158397,66],{"class":58},[44,158399,51468],{"class":62},[44,158401,66],{"class":58},[44,158403,5698],{"class":62},[44,158405,133],{"class":58},[44,158407,158408],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158409,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158411,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158413,140],{"class":139},[44,158415,127],{"class":58},[44,158417,4268],{"class":123},[44,158419,4521],{"class":58},[44,158421,63],{"class":62},[44,158423,1598],{"class":58},[44,158425,1517],{"class":62},[44,158427,4509],{"class":58},[20,158429,150],{},[35,158431,158433],{"className":37,"code":158432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158434,158435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158436,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158438,127],{"class":58},[44,158440,16372],{"class":62},[44,158442,66],{"class":58},[44,158444,8415],{"class":62},[44,158446,66],{"class":58},[44,158448,51468],{"class":62},[44,158450,133],{"class":58},[1044,158452,158454],{"id":158453},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,158456,158458],{"className":37,"code":158457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158459,158460,158492,158496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158461,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158463,884],{"class":50},[44,158465,55],{"class":54},[44,158467,9859],{"class":58},[44,158469,2958],{"class":62},[44,158471,66],{"class":58},[44,158473,8410],{"class":62},[44,158475,66],{"class":58},[44,158477,8415],{"class":62},[44,158479,66],{"class":58},[44,158481,51468],{"class":62},[44,158483,66],{"class":58},[44,158485,5698],{"class":62},[44,158487,66],{"class":58},[44,158489,76724],{"class":62},[44,158491,133],{"class":58},[44,158493,158494],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158495,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158497,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158499,140],{"class":139},[44,158501,127],{"class":58},[44,158503,4268],{"class":123},[44,158505,74746],{"class":58},[44,158507,339],{"class":62},[44,158509,4509],{"class":58},[20,158511,150],{},[35,158513,158515],{"className":37,"code":158514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158516,158517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158518,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158520,127],{"class":58},[44,158522,2958],{"class":62},[44,158524,66],{"class":58},[44,158526,8415],{"class":62},[44,158528,66],{"class":58},[44,158530,5698],{"class":62},[44,158532,133],{"class":58},[1044,158534,158536],{"id":158535},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,158538,158540],{"className":37,"code":158539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158541,158542,158570,158574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158543,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158545,884],{"class":50},[44,158547,55],{"class":54},[44,158549,9859],{"class":58},[44,158551,2958],{"class":62},[44,158553,66],{"class":58},[44,158555,8410],{"class":62},[44,158557,66],{"class":58},[44,158559,8415],{"class":62},[44,158561,66],{"class":58},[44,158563,51468],{"class":62},[44,158565,66],{"class":58},[44,158567,5698],{"class":62},[44,158569,133],{"class":58},[44,158571,158572],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158573,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158575,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158577,140],{"class":139},[44,158579,127],{"class":58},[44,158581,4268],{"class":123},[44,158583,74746],{"class":58},[44,158585,1316],{"class":54},[44,158587,63],{"class":62},[44,158589,4509],{"class":58},[20,158591,150],{},[35,158593,158595],{"className":37,"code":158594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158596,158597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158600,127],{"class":58},[44,158602,77418],{"class":62},[44,158604,66],{"class":58},[44,158606,51468],{"class":62},[44,158608,66],{"class":58},[44,158610,8415],{"class":62},[44,158612,66],{"class":58},[44,158614,8410],{"class":62},[44,158616,66],{"class":58},[44,158618,6622],{"class":62},[44,158620,133],{"class":58},[30,158622,76934],{"id":76933},[20,158624,154807],{},[20,158626,158627],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1044,158629,158631],{"id":158630},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,158633,158635],{"className":37,"code":158634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158636,158637,158669,158673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158638,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158640,884],{"class":50},[44,158642,55],{"class":54},[44,158644,9859],{"class":58},[44,158646,2958],{"class":62},[44,158648,66],{"class":58},[44,158650,8410],{"class":62},[44,158652,66],{"class":58},[44,158654,8415],{"class":62},[44,158656,66],{"class":58},[44,158658,51468],{"class":62},[44,158660,66],{"class":58},[44,158662,5698],{"class":62},[44,158664,66],{"class":58},[44,158666,76724],{"class":62},[44,158668,133],{"class":58},[44,158670,158671],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158672,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158676,140],{"class":139},[44,158678,127],{"class":58},[44,158680,4268],{"class":123},[44,158682,4521],{"class":58},[44,158684,1316],{"class":54},[44,158686,95],{"class":62},[44,158688,78340],{"class":58},[20,158690,150],{},[35,158692,158694],{"className":37,"code":158693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158695,158696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158697,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158699,127],{"class":58},[44,158701,57318],{"class":62},[44,158703,66],{"class":58},[44,158705,5698],{"class":62},[44,158707,66],{"class":58},[44,158709,76724],{"class":62},[44,158711,133],{"class":58},[1044,158713,158715],{"id":158714},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,158717,158719],{"className":37,"code":158718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158720,158721,158749,158753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158724,884],{"class":50},[44,158726,55],{"class":54},[44,158728,9859],{"class":58},[44,158730,2958],{"class":62},[44,158732,66],{"class":58},[44,158734,8410],{"class":62},[44,158736,66],{"class":58},[44,158738,8415],{"class":62},[44,158740,66],{"class":58},[44,158742,51468],{"class":62},[44,158744,66],{"class":58},[44,158746,5698],{"class":62},[44,158748,133],{"class":58},[44,158750,158751],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158752,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158756,140],{"class":139},[44,158758,127],{"class":58},[44,158760,4268],{"class":123},[44,158762,76159],{"class":58},[44,158764,1316],{"class":54},[44,158766,63],{"class":62},[44,158768,4509],{"class":58},[20,158770,150],{},[35,158772,158774],{"className":37,"code":158773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158775,158776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158779,127],{"class":58},[44,158781,2958],{"class":62},[44,158783,66],{"class":58},[44,158785,8410],{"class":62},[44,158787,66],{"class":58},[44,158789,8415],{"class":62},[44,158791,66],{"class":58},[44,158793,51468],{"class":62},[44,158795,133],{"class":58},[20,158797,158798,158799,120],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[176,158800,151357],{"href":157691},[30,158802,158804],{"id":158803},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158806,192,158807,158809],{},[15,158808,76053],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[205,158811,158812,158814,158816,158822],{},[208,158813,77190],{},[208,158815,77193],{},[208,158817,158818,158821],{},[15,158819,158820],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[208,158823,158824,158825,158827],{},"A step of ",[15,158826,2748],{}," is not allowed",[20,158829,158830],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158832,158834],{"className":37,"code":158833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158835,158836,158868,158872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158837,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158839,884],{"class":50},[44,158841,55],{"class":54},[44,158843,9859],{"class":58},[44,158845,2958],{"class":62},[44,158847,66],{"class":58},[44,158849,8410],{"class":62},[44,158851,66],{"class":58},[44,158853,8415],{"class":62},[44,158855,66],{"class":58},[44,158857,51468],{"class":62},[44,158859,66],{"class":58},[44,158861,5698],{"class":62},[44,158863,66],{"class":58},[44,158865,76724],{"class":62},[44,158867,133],{"class":58},[44,158869,158870],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158871,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158873,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158875,140],{"class":139},[44,158877,127],{"class":58},[44,158879,4268],{"class":123},[44,158881,4521],{"class":58},[44,158883,63],{"class":62},[44,158885,1598],{"class":58},[44,158887,955],{"class":62},[44,158889,1598],{"class":58},[44,158891,339],{"class":62},[44,158893,4509],{"class":58},[20,158895,150],{},[35,158897,158899],{"className":37,"code":158898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158900,158901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158902,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158904,127],{"class":58},[44,158906,16372],{"class":62},[44,158908,66],{"class":58},[44,158910,51468],{"class":62},[44,158912,66],{"class":58},[44,158914,76724],{"class":62},[44,158916,133],{"class":58},[20,158918,158919],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158921,158923],{"className":37,"code":158922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158924,158925,158953,158957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158926,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158928,884],{"class":50},[44,158930,55],{"class":54},[44,158932,9859],{"class":58},[44,158934,2958],{"class":62},[44,158936,66],{"class":58},[44,158938,8410],{"class":62},[44,158940,66],{"class":58},[44,158942,8415],{"class":62},[44,158944,66],{"class":58},[44,158946,51468],{"class":62},[44,158948,66],{"class":58},[44,158950,5698],{"class":62},[44,158952,133],{"class":58},[44,158954,158955],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,158956,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,158958,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,158960,140],{"class":139},[44,158962,127],{"class":58},[44,158964,4268],{"class":123},[44,158966,4521],{"class":58},[44,158968,1517],{"class":62},[44,158970,1598],{"class":58},[44,158972,63],{"class":62},[44,158974,1598],{"class":58},[44,158976,1316],{"class":54},[44,158978,63],{"class":62},[44,158980,4509],{"class":58},[20,158982,150],{},[35,158984,158986],{"className":37,"code":158985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158987,158988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158989,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158991,127],{"class":58},[44,158993,77418],{"class":62},[44,158995,66],{"class":58},[44,158997,51468],{"class":62},[44,158999,66],{"class":58},[44,159001,8415],{"class":62},[44,159003,133],{"class":58},[20,159005,159006],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,159008,159010],{"className":37,"code":159009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159011,159012,159032,159036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159013,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159015,884],{"class":50},[44,159017,55],{"class":54},[44,159019,9859],{"class":58},[44,159021,2958],{"class":62},[44,159023,66],{"class":58},[44,159025,8410],{"class":62},[44,159027,66],{"class":58},[44,159029,8415],{"class":62},[44,159031,133],{"class":58},[44,159033,159034],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159035,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159037,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159039,140],{"class":139},[44,159041,127],{"class":58},[44,159043,4268],{"class":123},[44,159045,74746],{"class":58},[44,159047,2748],{"class":62},[44,159049,4509],{"class":58},[20,159051,159052],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,159054,159056],{"id":159055},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159058,159059,159060,34360],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[197,159061,49577],{},[1044,159063,159065],{"id":159064},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,159067,159069],{"className":37,"code":159068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159070,159071,159095,159099,159117,159121,159131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159072,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159074,884],{"class":50},[44,159076,55],{"class":54},[44,159078,9859],{"class":58},[44,159080,2958],{"class":62},[44,159082,66],{"class":58},[44,159084,8410],{"class":62},[44,159086,66],{"class":58},[44,159088,8415],{"class":62},[44,159090,66],{"class":58},[44,159092,51468],{"class":62},[44,159094,133],{"class":58},[44,159096,159097],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159098,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159100,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159102,112],{"class":50},[44,159104,55],{"class":54},[44,159106,975],{"class":50},[44,159108,4521],{"class":58},[44,159110,63],{"class":62},[44,159112,1598],{"class":58},[44,159114,95],{"class":62},[44,159116,1967],{"class":58},[44,159118,159119],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,159120,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159122,159123,159125,159127,159129],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,159124,140],{"class":139},[44,159126,127],{"class":58},[44,159128,145],{"class":123},[44,159130,133],{"class":58},[44,159132,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,159134,140],{"class":139},[44,159136,127],{"class":58},[44,159138,549],{"class":548},[44,159140,127],{"class":58},[44,159142,145],{"class":123},[44,159144,556],{"class":58},[20,159146,150],{},[35,159148,159150],{"className":37,"code":159149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159151,159152,159164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159153,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159155,127],{"class":58},[44,159157,16372],{"class":62},[44,159159,66],{"class":58},[44,159161,8415],{"class":62},[44,159163,133],{"class":58},[44,159165,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159167,576],{"class":54},[44,159169,580],{"class":579},[44,159171,584],{"class":583},[44,159173,49577],{"class":587},[44,159175,590],{"class":583},[44,159177,593],{"class":54},[1044,159179,159181],{"id":159180},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,159183,159185],{"className":37,"code":159184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159186,159187,159207,159211,159229,159233,159243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159188,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159190,884],{"class":50},[44,159192,55],{"class":54},[44,159194,9859],{"class":58},[44,159196,2958],{"class":62},[44,159198,66],{"class":58},[44,159200,8410],{"class":62},[44,159202,66],{"class":58},[44,159204,8415],{"class":62},[44,159206,133],{"class":58},[44,159208,159209],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159210,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159212,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159214,112],{"class":50},[44,159216,55],{"class":54},[44,159218,975],{"class":50},[44,159220,4521],{"class":58},[44,159222,63],{"class":62},[44,159224,1598],{"class":58},[44,159226,339],{"class":62},[44,159228,1967],{"class":58},[44,159230,159231],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,159232,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159234,159235,159237,159239,159241],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,159236,140],{"class":139},[44,159238,127],{"class":58},[44,159240,145],{"class":123},[44,159242,133],{"class":58},[44,159244,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,159246,140],{"class":139},[44,159248,127],{"class":58},[44,159250,549],{"class":548},[44,159252,127],{"class":58},[44,159254,145],{"class":123},[44,159256,556],{"class":58},[20,159258,150],{},[35,159260,159262],{"className":37,"code":159261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159263,159264,159272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159265,159266,159268,159270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159267,127],{"class":58},[44,159269,16372],{"class":62},[44,159271,149791],{"class":58},[44,159273,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159275,576],{"class":54},[44,159277,580],{"class":579},[44,159279,584],{"class":583},[44,159281,49577],{"class":587},[44,159283,590],{"class":583},[44,159285,593],{"class":54},[1044,159287,159289],{"id":159288},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,159291,159293],{"className":37,"code":159292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159294,159295,159315,159319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159298,884],{"class":50},[44,159300,55],{"class":54},[44,159302,9859],{"class":58},[44,159304,2958],{"class":62},[44,159306,66],{"class":58},[44,159308,8410],{"class":62},[44,159310,66],{"class":58},[44,159312,8415],{"class":62},[44,159314,133],{"class":58},[44,159316,159317],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159318,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159322,140],{"class":139},[44,159324,127],{"class":58},[44,159326,4268],{"class":123},[44,159328,4521],{"class":58},[44,159330,357],{"class":62},[44,159332,1598],{"class":58},[44,159334,2973],{"class":62},[44,159336,4509],{"class":58},[20,159338,150],{},[35,159340,159341],{"className":37,"code":571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159342,159343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159344,159345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159346,571],{"class":58},[20,159348,159349,159350,120],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[176,159351,156527],{"href":151414},[30,159353,159355],{"id":159354},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159357,159358],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[205,159360,159361,159363,159366,159371],{},[208,159362,77499],{},[208,159364,159365],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[208,159367,159368,159369],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159370,71355],{},[208,159372,159373],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159375,295],{},[35,159377,159379],{"className":37,"code":159378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159380,159381,159401,159405,159422,159443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159382,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159384,884],{"class":50},[44,159386,55],{"class":54},[44,159388,9859],{"class":58},[44,159390,2958],{"class":62},[44,159392,66],{"class":58},[44,159394,8410],{"class":62},[44,159396,66],{"class":58},[44,159398,8415],{"class":62},[44,159400,133],{"class":58},[44,159402,159403],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159404,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159406,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159408,140],{"class":139},[44,159410,127],{"class":58},[44,159412,4268],{"class":123},[44,159414,4521],{"class":58},[44,159416,63],{"class":62},[44,159418,21064],{"class":58},[44,159420,159421],{"class":1992},"    # one item\n",[44,159423,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,159425,140],{"class":139},[44,159427,127],{"class":58},[44,159429,4268],{"class":123},[44,159431,4521],{"class":58},[44,159433,63],{"class":62},[44,159435,1598],{"class":58},[44,159437,357],{"class":62},[44,159439,21064],{"class":58},[44,159441,159442],{"class":1992},"  # slice\n",[44,159444,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459,159461],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,159446,140],{"class":139},[44,159448,127],{"class":58},[44,159450,4268],{"class":123},[44,159452,4521],{"class":58},[44,159454,357],{"class":62},[44,159456,1598],{"class":58},[44,159458,2973],{"class":62},[44,159460,21064],{"class":58},[44,159462,159463],{"class":1992},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159465,150],{},[35,159467,159469],{"className":37,"code":159468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159470,159471,159475,159487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159472,159473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159474,71848],{"class":62},[44,159476,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159478,127],{"class":58},[44,159480,16372],{"class":62},[44,159482,66],{"class":58},[44,159484,8415],{"class":62},[44,159486,133],{"class":58},[44,159488,159489],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159490,571],{"class":58},[20,159492,159493],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,159495,159497],{"className":37,"code":159496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159498,159499,159519,159523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159500,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159502,884],{"class":50},[44,159504,55],{"class":54},[44,159506,9859],{"class":58},[44,159508,2958],{"class":62},[44,159510,66],{"class":58},[44,159512,8410],{"class":62},[44,159514,66],{"class":58},[44,159516,8415],{"class":62},[44,159518,133],{"class":58},[44,159520,159521],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159522,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159524,159525,159527,159529,159531,159533,159535],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159526,140],{"class":139},[44,159528,127],{"class":58},[44,159530,4268],{"class":123},[44,159532,4521],{"class":58},[44,159534,357],{"class":62},[44,159536,4509],{"class":58},[20,159538,159539,159540,159542,159543,120],{},"This raises an ",[15,159541,71355],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[176,159544,155280],{"href":159545},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,159547,15795],{"id":77766},[20,159549,159550],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[205,159552,159553,159556,159558,159561],{},[208,159554,159555],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[208,159557,61315],{},[208,159559,159560],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[208,159562,159563,159564],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159565,2748],{},[20,159567,159568],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1044,159570,159572],{"id":159571},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,159574,159575],{"className":37,"code":158375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159576,159577,159605,159609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159578,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159580,884],{"class":50},[44,159582,55],{"class":54},[44,159584,9859],{"class":58},[44,159586,2958],{"class":62},[44,159588,66],{"class":58},[44,159590,8410],{"class":62},[44,159592,66],{"class":58},[44,159594,8415],{"class":62},[44,159596,66],{"class":58},[44,159598,51468],{"class":62},[44,159600,66],{"class":58},[44,159602,5698],{"class":62},[44,159604,133],{"class":58},[44,159606,159607],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159608,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159610,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159612,140],{"class":139},[44,159614,127],{"class":58},[44,159616,4268],{"class":123},[44,159618,4521],{"class":58},[44,159620,63],{"class":62},[44,159622,1598],{"class":58},[44,159624,1517],{"class":62},[44,159626,4509],{"class":58},[20,159628,150],{},[35,159630,159631],{"className":37,"code":158432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159632,159633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159634,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643,159645,159647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159636,127],{"class":58},[44,159638,16372],{"class":62},[44,159640,66],{"class":58},[44,159642,8415],{"class":62},[44,159644,66],{"class":58},[44,159646,51468],{"class":62},[44,159648,133],{"class":58},[20,159650,132859,159651,159653],{},[15,159652,1517],{}," is not included.",[1044,159655,159657],{"id":159656},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159659,5144],{},[35,159661,159663],{"className":37,"code":159662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159664,159665,159689,159693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159666,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159668,884],{"class":50},[44,159670,55],{"class":54},[44,159672,9859],{"class":58},[44,159674,2958],{"class":62},[44,159676,66],{"class":58},[44,159678,8410],{"class":62},[44,159680,66],{"class":58},[44,159682,8415],{"class":62},[44,159684,66],{"class":58},[44,159686,51468],{"class":62},[44,159688,133],{"class":58},[44,159690,159691],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159692,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159694,159695],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159696,159697],{"class":1992},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159699,159700],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,159702,159703],{"className":37,"code":155360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159704,159705,159729,159733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159706,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159708,884],{"class":50},[44,159710,55],{"class":54},[44,159712,9859],{"class":58},[44,159714,2958],{"class":62},[44,159716,66],{"class":58},[44,159718,8410],{"class":62},[44,159720,66],{"class":58},[44,159722,8415],{"class":62},[44,159724,66],{"class":58},[44,159726,51468],{"class":62},[44,159728,133],{"class":58},[44,159730,159731],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159732,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159734,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159736,140],{"class":139},[44,159738,127],{"class":58},[44,159740,4268],{"class":123},[44,159742,4521],{"class":58},[44,159744,63],{"class":62},[44,159746,1598],{"class":58},[44,159748,95],{"class":62},[44,159750,4509],{"class":58},[1044,159752,159754],{"id":159753},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,159756,159758],{"className":37,"code":159757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159759,159760,159784,159788,159803,159807,159818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159761,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159763,884],{"class":50},[44,159765,55],{"class":54},[44,159767,9859],{"class":58},[44,159769,2958],{"class":62},[44,159771,66],{"class":58},[44,159773,8410],{"class":62},[44,159775,66],{"class":58},[44,159777,8415],{"class":62},[44,159779,66],{"class":58},[44,159781,51468],{"class":62},[44,159783,133],{"class":58},[44,159785,159786],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159787,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159789,159790,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159791,159792],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,159794,55],{"class":54},[44,159796,975],{"class":50},[44,159798,76159],{"class":58},[44,159800,339],{"class":62},[44,159802,1967],{"class":58},[44,159804,159805],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,159806,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,159808,159809,159811,159813,159816],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,159810,140],{"class":139},[44,159812,127],{"class":58},[44,159814,159815],{"class":123},"slice_result",[44,159817,133],{"class":58},[44,159819,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,159821,140],{"class":139},[44,159823,127],{"class":58},[44,159825,4268],{"class":123},[44,159827,133],{"class":58},[20,159829,150],{},[35,159831,159833],{"className":37,"code":159832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159834,159835,159847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159836,159837,159839,159841,159843,159845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159838,127],{"class":58},[44,159840,2958],{"class":62},[44,159842,66],{"class":58},[44,159844,8410],{"class":62},[44,159846,133],{"class":58},[44,159848,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863,159865],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159850,127],{"class":58},[44,159852,2958],{"class":62},[44,159854,66],{"class":58},[44,159856,8410],{"class":62},[44,159858,66],{"class":58},[44,159860,8415],{"class":62},[44,159862,66],{"class":58},[44,159864,51468],{"class":62},[44,159866,133],{"class":58},[20,159868,159869],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159871,114173],{"id":114172},[20,159873,159874],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[205,159876,159877,159880,159883,159889,159892],{},[208,159878,159879],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[208,159881,159882],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[208,159884,159885,159886],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159887,159888],{},"tuple[::0]",[208,159890,159891],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[208,159893,159894],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159896,159897],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159899,159901],{"className":37,"code":159900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159902,159903,159913,159931,159953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159904,159905,159907,159909,159911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159906,140],{"class":139},[44,159908,127],{"class":58},[44,159910,148453],{"class":123},[44,159912,133],{"class":58},[44,159914,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,159916,140],{"class":139},[44,159918,127],{"class":58},[44,159920,148453],{"class":123},[44,159922,4521],{"class":58},[44,159924,63],{"class":62},[44,159926,1598],{"class":58},[44,159928,1517],{"class":62},[44,159930,4509],{"class":58},[44,159932,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,159934,140],{"class":139},[44,159936,127],{"class":58},[44,159938,549],{"class":548},[44,159940,127],{"class":58},[44,159942,148453],{"class":123},[44,159944,4521],{"class":58},[44,159946,63],{"class":62},[44,159948,1598],{"class":58},[44,159950,1517],{"class":62},[44,159952,3622],{"class":58},[44,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,159956,140],{"class":139},[44,159958,127],{"class":58},[44,159960,2441],{"class":139},[44,159962,127],{"class":58},[44,159964,148453],{"class":123},[44,159966,556],{"class":58},[20,159968,2458],{},[205,159970,159971,159973,159976,159979],{},[208,159972,155667],{},[208,159974,159975],{},"what the slice actually returns",[208,159977,159978],{},"that the result is a tuple",[208,159980,159981],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159983,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,159985,159987],{"id":159986},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159989,159990],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1044,159992,159994],{"id":159993},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159996,159997],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1044,159999,5760,160001,40583],{"id":160000},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160002,158820],{},[20,160004,160005],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1044,160007,160009,160010,1447],{"id":160008},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160011,71355],{},[20,160013,160014,160015,120],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160016,71355],{},[30,160018,2528],{"id":2527},[205,160020,160021,160025,160029,160033,160037],{},[208,160022,160023],{},[176,160024,156527],{"href":151414},[208,160026,160027],{},[176,160028,150108],{"href":153534},[208,160030,160031],{},[176,160032,151357],{"href":157691},[208,160034,160035],{},[176,160036,148435],{"href":158053},[208,160038,160039],{},[176,160040,155280],{"href":159545},[2554,160042,160043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":160045},[160046,160047,160048,160049,160057,160061,160062,160067,160068,160073,160074,160082],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":157853,"depth":85,"text":157854},{"id":158056,"depth":85,"text":158057},{"id":76639,"depth":85,"text":76640,"children":160050},[160051,160053,160054,160055,160056],{"id":158214,"depth":109,"text":160052},"Get the first n items",{"id":158293,"depth":109,"text":158294},{"id":158371,"depth":109,"text":158372},{"id":158453,"depth":109,"text":158454},{"id":158535,"depth":109,"text":158536},{"id":76933,"depth":85,"text":76934,"children":160058},[160059,160060],{"id":158630,"depth":109,"text":158631},{"id":158714,"depth":109,"text":158715},{"id":158803,"depth":85,"text":158804},{"id":159055,"depth":85,"text":159056,"children":160063},[160064,160065,160066],{"id":159064,"depth":109,"text":159065},{"id":159180,"depth":109,"text":159181},{"id":159288,"depth":109,"text":159289},{"id":159354,"depth":85,"text":159355},{"id":77766,"depth":85,"text":15795,"children":160069},[160070,160071,160072],{"id":159571,"depth":109,"text":159572},{"id":159656,"depth":109,"text":159657},{"id":159753,"depth":109,"text":159754},{"id":114172,"depth":85,"text":114173},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":160075},[160076,160077,160078,160080],{"id":159986,"depth":109,"text":159987},{"id":159993,"depth":109,"text":159994},{"id":160000,"depth":109,"text":160079},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160008,"depth":109,"text":160081},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157697,"description":160083},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160090,"title":160091,"body":160092,"description":161915,"extension":2593,"meta":161916,"navigation":364,"path":35428,"seo":161917,"stem":161918,"__hash__":161919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160093,"toc":161881},[160094,160099,160104,160108,160126,160129,160144,160150,160152,160209,160211,160243,160255,160261,160266,160269,160304,160310,160312,160315,160329,160332,160334,160357,160359,160377,160380,160396,160398,160401,160514,160516,160605,160608,160613,160619,160622,160625,160724,160726,160785,160790,160793,160862,160866,160898,160914,160919,160926,160933,160945,160947,160996,160998,161021,161027,161075,161080,161087,161095,161101,161104,161128,161131,161133,161209,161211,161236,161242,161245,161250,161254,161268,161270,161333,161335,161367,161370,161386,161388,161394,161401,161403,161422,161424,161442,161449,161454,161461,161463,161500,161503,161510,161514,161517,161575,161578,161581,161636,161638,161650,161656,161658,161662,161695,161702,161704,161767,161770,161772,161777,161791,161798,161806,161815,161824,161830,161836,161838,161878],[10,160095,4197,160097,4201],{"id":160096},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160098,2929],{},[20,160100,32937,160101,160103],{},[15,160102,2929],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160105,63390,160106,105017],{},[15,160107,2929],{},[205,160109,160110,160113,160116,160119],{},[208,160111,160112],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[208,160114,160115],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[208,160117,160118],{},"debug confusing code",[208,160120,160121,160122],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[176,160123,160124],{"href":8841},[15,160125,3581],{},[20,160127,160128],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,160130,160132],{"className":37,"code":160131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,160133,160134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160135,160136,160138,160140,160142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160137,549],{"class":548},[44,160139,127],{"class":58},[44,160141,43022],{"class":548},[44,160143,133],{"class":58},[20,160145,160146,160147,160149],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160148,2929],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,160151,33],{"id":32},[35,160153,160155],{"className":37,"code":160154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160156,160157,160169,160183,160187,160195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160160,8497],{"class":50},[44,160162,55],{"class":54},[44,160164,643],{"class":583},[44,160166,5621],{"class":587},[44,160168,3979],{"class":583},[44,160170,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160172,140],{"class":139},[44,160174,127],{"class":58},[44,160176,549],{"class":548},[44,160178,127],{"class":58},[44,160180,8287],{"class":123},[44,160182,556],{"class":58},[44,160184,160185],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160186,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,160188,160189,160191,160193],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160190,2845],{"class":50},[44,160192,55],{"class":54},[44,160194,3211],{"class":62},[44,160196,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205,160207],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,160198,140],{"class":139},[44,160200,127],{"class":58},[44,160202,549],{"class":548},[44,160204,127],{"class":58},[44,160206,2867],{"class":123},[44,160208,556],{"class":58},[20,160210,150],{},[35,160212,160213],{"className":37,"code":125520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160214,160215,160229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160216,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160218,576],{"class":54},[44,160220,580],{"class":579},[44,160222,584],{"class":583},[44,160224,4064],{"class":587},[44,160226,590],{"class":583},[44,160228,593],{"class":54},[44,160230,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160232,576],{"class":54},[44,160234,580],{"class":579},[44,160236,584],{"class":583},[44,160238,2816],{"class":587},[44,160240,590],{"class":583},[44,160242,593],{"class":54},[20,160244,1296,160245,160248,160249,2495,160252,120],{},[15,160246,160247],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160250,160251],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160253,160254],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,160256,13613,160258,160260],{"id":160257},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160259,2929],{}," function does",[20,160262,160263,160265],{},[15,160264,2929],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160267,160268],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[205,160270,160271,160276,160281,160286,160291,160296],{},[208,160272,160273,160275],{},[15,160274,4064],{}," for text",[208,160277,160278,160280],{},[15,160279,2816],{}," for whole numbers",[208,160282,160283,160285],{},[15,160284,2820],{}," for decimal numbers",[208,160287,160288,160290],{},[15,160289,8715],{}," for lists",[208,160292,160293,160295],{},[15,160294,9443],{}," for dictionaries",[208,160297,160298,69719,160300,2495,160302],{},[15,160299,4487],{},[15,160301,4226],{},[15,160303,4294],{},[20,160305,160306,160307,160309],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160308,2929],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,160311,234],{"id":233},[20,160313,160314],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,160316,160317],{"className":37,"code":160131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160318,160319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160320,160321,160323,160325,160327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160322,549],{"class":548},[44,160324,127],{"class":58},[44,160326,43022],{"class":548},[44,160328,133],{"class":58},[20,160330,160331],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160333,295],{},[35,160335,160337],{"className":37,"code":160336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160338,160339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160340,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160342,140],{"class":139},[44,160344,127],{"class":58},[44,160346,549],{"class":548},[44,160348,127],{"class":58},[44,160350,633],{"class":583},[44,160352,4464],{"class":587},[44,160354,633],{"class":583},[44,160356,556],{"class":58},[20,160358,150],{},[35,160360,160361],{"className":37,"code":46393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160362,160363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160364,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160366,576],{"class":54},[44,160368,580],{"class":579},[44,160370,584],{"class":583},[44,160372,4064],{"class":587},[44,160374,590],{"class":583},[44,160376,593],{"class":54},[20,160378,160379],{},"You can pass either:",[205,160381,160382,160389],{},[208,160383,160384,160385,428,160387],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160386,65158],{},[15,160388,47149],{},[208,160390,160391,160392,428,160394],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160393,8287],{},[15,160395,9921],{},[30,160397,122332],{"id":122331},[20,160399,160400],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,160402,160404],{"className":37,"code":160403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160405,160406,160424,160438,160452,160474,160500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160407,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160409,140],{"class":139},[44,160411,127],{"class":58},[44,160413,549],{"class":548},[44,160415,127],{"class":58},[44,160417,633],{"class":583},[44,160419,4464],{"class":587},[44,160421,633],{"class":583},[44,160423,556],{"class":58},[44,160425,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434,160436],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160427,140],{"class":139},[44,160429,127],{"class":58},[44,160431,549],{"class":548},[44,160433,127],{"class":58},[44,160435,2958],{"class":62},[44,160437,556],{"class":58},[44,160439,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160441,140],{"class":139},[44,160443,127],{"class":58},[44,160445,549],{"class":548},[44,160447,127],{"class":58},[44,160449,40766],{"class":62},[44,160451,556],{"class":58},[44,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160455,140],{"class":139},[44,160457,127],{"class":58},[44,160459,549],{"class":548},[44,160461,3609],{"class":58},[44,160463,63],{"class":62},[44,160465,66],{"class":58},[44,160467,69],{"class":62},[44,160469,66],{"class":58},[44,160471,74],{"class":62},[44,160473,3622],{"class":58},[44,160475,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,160477,140],{"class":139},[44,160479,127],{"class":58},[44,160481,549],{"class":548},[44,160483,6147],{"class":58},[44,160485,633],{"class":583},[44,160487,8287],{"class":587},[44,160489,633],{"class":583},[44,160491,1598],{"class":58},[44,160493,643],{"class":583},[44,160495,5621],{"class":587},[44,160497,633],{"class":583},[44,160499,6156],{"class":58},[44,160501,160502,160504,160506,160508,160510,160512],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,160503,140],{"class":139},[44,160505,127],{"class":58},[44,160507,549],{"class":548},[44,160509,127],{"class":58},[44,160511,4226],{"class":4471},[44,160513,556],{"class":58},[20,160515,150],{},[35,160517,160519],{"className":37,"code":160518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160520,160521,160535,160549,160563,160577,160591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160524,576],{"class":54},[44,160526,580],{"class":579},[44,160528,584],{"class":583},[44,160530,4064],{"class":587},[44,160532,590],{"class":583},[44,160534,593],{"class":54},[44,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160538,576],{"class":54},[44,160540,580],{"class":579},[44,160542,584],{"class":583},[44,160544,2816],{"class":587},[44,160546,590],{"class":583},[44,160548,593],{"class":54},[44,160550,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160552,576],{"class":54},[44,160554,580],{"class":579},[44,160556,584],{"class":583},[44,160558,2820],{"class":587},[44,160560,590],{"class":583},[44,160562,593],{"class":54},[44,160564,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160566,576],{"class":54},[44,160568,580],{"class":579},[44,160570,584],{"class":583},[44,160572,8715],{"class":587},[44,160574,590],{"class":583},[44,160576,593],{"class":54},[44,160578,160579,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,160580,576],{"class":54},[44,160582,580],{"class":579},[44,160584,584],{"class":583},[44,160586,9443],{"class":587},[44,160588,590],{"class":583},[44,160590,593],{"class":54},[44,160592,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,160594,576],{"class":54},[44,160596,580],{"class":579},[44,160598,584],{"class":583},[44,160600,4487],{"class":587},[44,160602,590],{"class":583},[44,160604,593],{"class":54},[20,160606,160607],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160609,160610,160611,120],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[176,160612,45421],{"href":49602},[30,160614,863,160616,160618],{"id":160615},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160617,2929],{}," with variables",[20,160620,160621],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160623,160624],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,160626,160628],{"className":37,"code":160627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160629,160630,160638,160656,160660,160672,160690,160694,160706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160631,160632,160634,160636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160633,3075],{"class":50},[44,160635,55],{"class":54},[44,160637,3211],{"class":62},[44,160639,160640,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160641,140],{"class":139},[44,160643,127],{"class":58},[44,160645,3100],{"class":123},[44,160647,66],{"class":58},[44,160649,50014],{"class":548},[44,160651,127],{"class":58},[44,160653,3100],{"class":123},[44,160655,556],{"class":58},[44,160657,160658],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160659,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,160661,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160663,3075],{"class":50},[44,160665,55],{"class":54},[44,160667,643],{"class":583},[44,160669,46530],{"class":587},[44,160671,3979],{"class":583},[44,160673,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,160675,140],{"class":139},[44,160677,127],{"class":58},[44,160679,3100],{"class":123},[44,160681,66],{"class":58},[44,160683,50014],{"class":548},[44,160685,127],{"class":58},[44,160687,3100],{"class":123},[44,160689,556],{"class":58},[44,160691,160692],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,160693,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,160695,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,160697,3075],{"class":50},[44,160699,55],{"class":54},[44,160701,1954],{"class":58},[44,160703,2958],{"class":62},[44,160705,1967],{"class":58},[44,160707,160708,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722],{"class":46,"line":745},[44,160709,140],{"class":139},[44,160711,127],{"class":58},[44,160713,3100],{"class":123},[44,160715,66],{"class":58},[44,160717,50014],{"class":548},[44,160719,127],{"class":58},[44,160721,3100],{"class":123},[44,160723,556],{"class":58},[20,160725,150],{},[35,160727,160729],{"className":37,"code":160728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160730,160731,160748,160765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160732,160733,160735,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160734,2958],{"class":62},[44,160736,160737],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,160739,580],{"class":579},[44,160741,584],{"class":583},[44,160743,2816],{"class":587},[44,160745,590],{"class":583},[44,160747,593],{"class":54},[44,160749,160750,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160751,160752],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,160754,576],{"class":54},[44,160756,580],{"class":579},[44,160758,584],{"class":583},[44,160760,4064],{"class":587},[44,160762,590],{"class":583},[44,160764,593],{"class":54},[44,160766,160767,160769,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779,160781,160783],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160768,4521],{"class":58},[44,160770,2958],{"class":62},[44,160772,13890],{"class":58},[44,160774,160737],{"class":54},[44,160776,580],{"class":579},[44,160778,584],{"class":583},[44,160780,8715],{"class":587},[44,160782,590],{"class":583},[44,160784,593],{"class":54},[20,160786,160787,160789],{},[15,160788,2929],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160791,160792],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,160794,160796],{"className":37,"code":160795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160797,160798,160816,160830,160834,160848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160799,160800,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812,160814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160801,4012],{"class":50},[44,160803,55],{"class":54},[44,160805,8864],{"class":139},[44,160807,127],{"class":58},[44,160809,633],{"class":583},[44,160811,42494],{"class":587},[44,160813,633],{"class":583},[44,160815,133],{"class":58},[44,160817,160818,160820,160822,160824,160826,160828],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160819,140],{"class":139},[44,160821,127],{"class":58},[44,160823,549],{"class":548},[44,160825,127],{"class":58},[44,160827,4038],{"class":123},[44,160829,556],{"class":58},[44,160831,160832],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160833,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,160835,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160837,123444],{"class":50},[44,160839,55],{"class":54},[44,160841,45899],{"class":548},[44,160843,127],{"class":58},[44,160845,4038],{"class":123},[44,160847,133],{"class":58},[44,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,160851,140],{"class":139},[44,160853,127],{"class":58},[44,160855,549],{"class":548},[44,160857,127],{"class":58},[44,160859,123467],{"class":123},[44,160861,556],{"class":58},[20,160863,41743,160864,41747],{},[15,160865,9816],{},[35,160867,160868],{"className":37,"code":125520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160869,160870,160884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160873,576],{"class":54},[44,160875,580],{"class":579},[44,160877,584],{"class":583},[44,160879,4064],{"class":587},[44,160881,590],{"class":583},[44,160883,593],{"class":54},[44,160885,160886,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160887,576],{"class":54},[44,160889,580],{"class":579},[44,160891,584],{"class":583},[44,160893,2816],{"class":587},[44,160895,590],{"class":583},[44,160897,593],{"class":54},[20,160899,46326,160900,160904,160905,428,160909,160913],{},[176,160901,160902],{"href":8841},[15,160903,3581],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[176,160906,160907],{"href":3499},[15,160908,3502],{},[176,160910,160911],{"href":3505},[15,160912,3508],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160915,160916,160917,120],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[176,160918,9603],{"href":9602},[30,160920,160922,1036,160924],{"id":160921},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160923,2929],{},[15,160925,45429],{},[20,160927,160928,2495,160930,160932],{},[15,160929,2929],{},[15,160931,45429],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[205,160934,160935,160940],{},[208,160936,160937,160939],{},[15,160938,2929],{}," tells you the exact type",[208,160941,160942,160944],{},[15,160943,45429],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160946,295],{},[35,160948,160950],{"className":37,"code":160949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160951,160952,160960,160964,160978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160953,160954,160956,160958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160955,3075],{"class":50},[44,160957,55],{"class":54},[44,160959,35462],{"class":62},[44,160961,160962],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,160963,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,160965,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,160967,140],{"class":139},[44,160969,127],{"class":58},[44,160971,549],{"class":548},[44,160973,127],{"class":58},[44,160975,3100],{"class":123},[44,160977,556],{"class":58},[44,160979,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,160981,140],{"class":139},[44,160983,127],{"class":58},[44,160985,49499],{"class":139},[44,160987,127],{"class":58},[44,160989,3100],{"class":123},[44,160991,66],{"class":58},[44,160993,45899],{"class":548},[44,160995,556],{"class":58},[20,160997,150],{},[35,160999,161001],{"className":37,"code":161000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161002,161003,161017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161004,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161006,576],{"class":54},[44,161008,580],{"class":579},[44,161010,584],{"class":583},[44,161012,2816],{"class":587},[44,161014,590],{"class":583},[44,161016,593],{"class":54},[44,161018,161019],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161020,4601],{"class":4471},[20,161022,161023,161024,161026],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161025,45429],{}," is more practical.",[35,161028,161030],{"className":37,"code":161029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161031,161032,161040,161044,161060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161033,161034,161036,161038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161035,3075],{"class":50},[44,161037,55],{"class":54},[44,161039,35462],{"class":62},[44,161041,161042],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161043,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,161045,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056,161058],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161047,7615],{"class":4496},[44,161049,50237],{"class":139},[44,161051,127],{"class":58},[44,161053,3100],{"class":123},[44,161055,66],{"class":58},[44,161057,45899],{"class":548},[44,161059,8964],{"class":58},[44,161061,161062,161064,161066,161068,161071,161073],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161063,8690],{"class":139},[44,161065,127],{"class":58},[44,161067,633],{"class":583},[44,161069,161070],{"class":587},"This is an integer",[44,161072,633],{"class":583},[44,161074,133],{"class":58},[20,161076,1296,161077,161079],{},[15,161078,2929],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161081,1296,161082,161084,161085,7790],{},[15,161083,45429],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161086,7615],{},[20,161088,161089,161090,120],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[176,161091,4197,161093,4130],{"href":161092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161094,45429],{},[30,161096,161098,161099],{"id":161097},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161100,2929],{},[20,161102,161103],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,161105,161107],{"className":37,"code":161106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161108,161109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161110,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161122,161124,161126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161112,549],{"class":548},[44,161114,127],{"class":58},[44,161116,8287],{"class":123},[44,161118,66],{"class":58},[44,161120,161121],{"class":123}," bases",[44,161123,66],{"class":58},[44,161125,9793],{"class":548},[44,161127,133],{"class":58},[20,161129,161130],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161132,295],{},[35,161134,161136],{"className":37,"code":161135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161137,161138,161181,161185,161195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161139,161140,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161154,161156,161158,161161,161163,161165,161168,161170,161172,161174,161177,161179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161141,161142],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,161144,55],{"class":54},[44,161146,50014],{"class":548},[44,161148,127],{"class":58},[44,161150,633],{"class":583},[44,161152,161153],{"class":587},"Person",[44,161155,633],{"class":583},[44,161157,66],{"class":58},[44,161159,161160],{"class":58}," (),",[44,161162,59],{"class":58},[44,161164,633],{"class":583},[44,161166,161167],{"class":587},"species",[44,161169,633],{"class":583},[44,161171,1598],{"class":58},[44,161173,643],{"class":583},[44,161175,161176],{"class":587},"human",[44,161178,633],{"class":583},[44,161180,31115],{"class":58},[44,161182,161183],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161184,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,161186,161187,161189,161191,161193],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161188,140],{"class":139},[44,161190,127],{"class":58},[44,161192,161153],{"class":123},[44,161194,133],{"class":58},[44,161196,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161198,140],{"class":139},[44,161200,127],{"class":58},[44,161202,161153],{"class":123},[44,161204,120],{"class":58},[44,161206,161167],{"class":25368},[44,161208,133],{"class":58},[20,161210,150],{},[35,161212,161214],{"className":37,"code":161213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161215,161216,161231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161217,161218,161220,161222,161224,161227,161229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161219,576],{"class":54},[44,161221,580],{"class":579},[44,161223,584],{"class":583},[44,161225,161226],{"class":587},"__main__.Person",[44,161228,590],{"class":583},[44,161230,593],{"class":54},[44,161232,161233],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161234,161235],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,161237,161238,161239,161241],{},"Most beginners do ",[197,161240,199],{}," need this form.",[20,161243,161244],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,161246,5578,161248],{"id":161247},"when-to-use-type",[15,161249,2929],{},[20,161251,161252,13061],{},[15,161253,2929],{},[205,161255,161256,161259,161262,161265],{},[208,161257,161258],{},"debug unexpected values",[208,161260,161261],{},"check what a conversion produced",[208,161263,161264],{},"learn Python data types",[208,161266,161267],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161269,6090],{},[35,161271,161273],{"className":37,"code":161272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161274,161275,161287,161301,161305,161319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161276,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161278,35307],{"class":50},[44,161280,55],{"class":54},[44,161282,643],{"class":583},[44,161284,50870],{"class":587},[44,161286,3979],{"class":583},[44,161288,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161290,2845],{"class":50},[44,161292,55],{"class":54},[44,161294,45899],{"class":548},[44,161296,127],{"class":58},[44,161298,35328],{"class":123},[44,161300,133],{"class":58},[44,161302,161303],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161304,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,161306,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161308,140],{"class":139},[44,161310,127],{"class":58},[44,161312,549],{"class":548},[44,161314,127],{"class":58},[44,161316,35328],{"class":123},[44,161318,556],{"class":58},[44,161320,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,161322,140],{"class":139},[44,161324,127],{"class":58},[44,161326,549],{"class":548},[44,161328,127],{"class":58},[44,161330,2867],{"class":123},[44,161332,556],{"class":58},[20,161334,150],{},[35,161336,161337],{"className":37,"code":125520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161338,161339,161353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161340,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161342,576],{"class":54},[44,161344,580],{"class":579},[44,161346,584],{"class":583},[44,161348,4064],{"class":587},[44,161350,590],{"class":583},[44,161352,593],{"class":54},[44,161354,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161356,576],{"class":54},[44,161358,580],{"class":579},[44,161360,584],{"class":583},[44,161362,2816],{"class":587},[44,161364,590],{"class":583},[44,161366,593],{"class":54},[20,161368,161369],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161371,161372,161373,2817,161377,17691,161381,161385],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[176,161374,161375],{"href":42798},[15,161376,48307],{},[176,161378,161379],{"href":3499},[15,161380,3502],{},[176,161382,161383],{"href":3505},[15,161384,3508],{}," are often the next step.",[30,161387,25976],{"id":25975},[20,161389,161390,161391,161393],{},"A few things about ",[15,161392,2929],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1044,161395,161397,161400],{"id":161396},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161398,161399],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161402,65267],{},[35,161404,161406],{"className":37,"code":161405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161407,161408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161409,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161411,140],{"class":139},[44,161413,127],{"class":58},[44,161415,549],{"class":548},[44,161417,127],{"class":58},[44,161419,357],{"class":62},[44,161421,556],{"class":58},[20,161423,123363],{},[35,161425,161426],{"className":37,"code":156875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161427,161428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161429,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161431,576],{"class":54},[44,161433,580],{"class":579},[44,161435,584],{"class":583},[44,161437,2816],{"class":587},[44,161439,590],{"class":583},[44,161441,593],{"class":54},[20,161443,1801,161444,161446,161447,120],{},[197,161445,199],{}," print just ",[15,161448,2816],{},[20,161450,7294,161451,161453],{},[15,161452,2929],{}," returns a class object.",[1044,161455,161457,3025,161459],{"id":161456},"input-returns-str",[15,161458,3581],{},[15,161460,4064],{},[20,161462,80166],{},[35,161464,161466],{"className":37,"code":161465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161467,161468,161486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161469,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161471,3075],{"class":50},[44,161473,55],{"class":54},[44,161475,8864],{"class":139},[44,161477,127],{"class":58},[44,161479,633],{"class":583},[44,161481,46933],{"class":587},[44,161483,633],{"class":583},[44,161485,133],{"class":58},[44,161487,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161489,140],{"class":139},[44,161491,127],{"class":58},[44,161493,549],{"class":548},[44,161495,127],{"class":58},[44,161497,3100],{"class":123},[44,161499,556],{"class":58},[20,161501,161502],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161504,161505,161506,428,161508,120],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161507,3502],{},[15,161509,3508],{},[1044,161511,161513],{"id":161512},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161515,161516],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,161518,161520],{"className":37,"code":161519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161521,161522,161530,161534,161560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161523,161524,161526,161528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161525,3075],{"class":50},[44,161527,55],{"class":54},[44,161529,35462],{"class":62},[44,161531,161532],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161533,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,161535,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161537,7615],{"class":4496},[44,161539,49528],{"class":548},[44,161541,127],{"class":58},[44,161543,549],{"class":548},[44,161545,127],{"class":58},[44,161547,3100],{"class":123},[44,161549,5979],{"class":58},[44,161551,7026],{"class":54},[44,161553,643],{"class":583},[44,161555,160254],{"class":587},[44,161557,633],{"class":583},[44,161559,7011],{"class":58},[44,161561,161562,161564,161566,161568,161571,161573],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161563,8690],{"class":139},[44,161565,127],{"class":58},[44,161567,633],{"class":583},[44,161569,161570],{"class":587},"It is an int",[44,161572,633],{"class":583},[44,161574,133],{"class":58},[20,161576,161577],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161579,161580],{},"Better options:",[35,161582,161584],{"className":37,"code":161583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161585,161586,161594,161598,161618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161587,161588,161590,161592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161589,3075],{"class":50},[44,161591,55],{"class":54},[44,161593,35462],{"class":62},[44,161595,161596],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161597,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,161599,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161601,140],{"class":139},[44,161603,127],{"class":58},[44,161605,549],{"class":548},[44,161607,127],{"class":58},[44,161609,3100],{"class":123},[44,161611,4281],{"class":58},[44,161613,7026],{"class":54},[44,161615,45899],{"class":548},[44,161617,133],{"class":58},[44,161619,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161621,140],{"class":139},[44,161623,127],{"class":58},[44,161625,49499],{"class":139},[44,161627,127],{"class":58},[44,161629,3100],{"class":123},[44,161631,66],{"class":58},[44,161633,45899],{"class":548},[44,161635,556],{"class":58},[20,161637,150],{},[35,161639,161640],{"className":37,"code":5125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161641,161642,161646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161643,161644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161645,4601],{"class":4471},[44,161647,161648],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161649,4601],{"class":4471},[20,161651,161652,161653,161655],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161654,45429],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,161657,3454],{"id":3453},[20,161659,15351,161660,1598],{},[15,161661,2929],{},[205,161663,161664,161674,161683,161692],{},[208,161665,863,161666,161668,161669,161673],{},[15,161667,2929],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[176,161670,161671],{"href":8841},[15,161672,3581],{}," always returns a string",[208,161675,9075,161676,161678,161679,11711,161681],{},[15,161677,2929],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161680,2816],{},[15,161682,160254],{},[208,161684,863,161685,45253,161688,161691],{},[15,161686,161687],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161689,161690],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[208,161693,161694],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161696,161697,161698,120],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[176,161699,161701],{"href":161700},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161703,145029],{},[35,161705,161707],{"className":37,"code":161706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161708,161709,161723,161733,161747,161757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161710,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161712,140],{"class":139},[44,161714,127],{"class":58},[44,161716,549],{"class":548},[44,161718,127],{"class":58},[44,161720,3100],{"class":123},[44,161722,556],{"class":58},[44,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161726,140],{"class":139},[44,161728,127],{"class":58},[44,161730,3100],{"class":123},[44,161732,133],{"class":58},[44,161734,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,161736,140],{"class":139},[44,161738,127],{"class":58},[44,161740,42402],{"class":139},[44,161742,127],{"class":58},[44,161744,3100],{"class":123},[44,161746,556],{"class":58},[44,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,161750,32772],{"class":139},[44,161752,127],{"class":58},[44,161754,549],{"class":548},[44,161756,133],{"class":58},[44,161758,161759,161761,161763,161765],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,161760,34991],{"class":139},[44,161762,127],{"class":58},[44,161764,3100],{"class":123},[44,161766,133],{"class":58},[20,161768,161769],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,161771,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,161773,5760,161775,5763],{"id":161774},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161776,2929],{},[20,161778,161779,161780,2817,161782,2817,161784,2821,161786,161788,161789,120],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161781,4064],{},[15,161783,2816],{},[15,161785,8715],{},[15,161787,9443],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161790,160251],{},[1044,161792,15521,161794,57830,161796,1447],{"id":161793},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161795,2929],{},[15,161797,45429],{},[20,161799,46988,161800,161802,161803,161805],{},[15,161801,2929],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161804,45429],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1044,161807,5776,161809,161812,161813,1447],{"id":161808},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161810,161811],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161814,4064],{},[20,161816,29680,161817,161819,161820,428,161822,160913],{},[15,161818,3581],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161821,3502],{},[15,161823,3508],{},[1044,161825,5788,161827,161829],{"id":161826},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161828,2929],{}," create classes?",[20,161831,161832,161833,120],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161834,161835],{},"type(object)",[30,161837,2528],{"id":2527},[205,161839,161840,161844,161850,161856,161860,161866,161872],{},[208,161841,161842],{},[176,161843,45421],{"href":49602},[208,161845,161846],{},[176,161847,4197,161848,4130],{"href":161092},[15,161849,45429],{},[208,161851,161852],{},[176,161853,4197,161854,4130],{"href":8841},[15,161855,3581],{},[208,161857,161858],{},[176,161859,9680],{"href":9602},[208,161861,161862],{},[176,161863,4197,161864,4130],{"href":3499},[15,161865,3502],{},[208,161867,161868],{},[176,161869,4197,161870,4130],{"href":3505},[15,161871,3508],{},[208,161873,161874],{},[176,161875,4197,161876,4130],{"href":42798},[15,161877,48307],{},[2554,161879,161880],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":161882},[161883,161884,161886,161887,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161903,161904,161914],{"id":32,"depth":85,"text":33},{"id":160257,"depth":85,"text":161885},"What the type() function does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":122331,"depth":85,"text":122332},{"id":160615,"depth":85,"text":161889},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160921,"depth":85,"text":161891},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161097,"depth":85,"text":161893},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161247,"depth":85,"text":161895},"When to use type()",{"id":25975,"depth":85,"text":25976,"children":161897},[161898,161900,161902],{"id":161396,"depth":109,"text":161899},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161456,"depth":109,"text":161901},"input() returns str",{"id":161512,"depth":109,"text":161513},{"id":3453,"depth":85,"text":3454},{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":161905},[161906,161908,161910,161912],{"id":161774,"depth":109,"text":161907},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161793,"depth":109,"text":161909},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161808,"depth":109,"text":161911},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161826,"depth":109,"text":161913},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160091,"description":161915},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161921,"title":161922,"body":161923,"description":164402,"extension":2593,"meta":164403,"navigation":364,"path":164404,"seo":164405,"stem":164406,"__hash__":164407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161924,"toc":164359},[161925,161930,161935,161944,161946,162046,162048,162073,162078,162083,162099,162102,162104,162106,162131,162134,162137,162220,162222,162271,162274,162396,162398,162471,162475,162478,162592,162594,162620,162622,162643,162648,162652,162657,162660,162764,162766,162783,162792,162795,162882,162884,162895,162900,162906,162911,162917,162920,163013,163015,163064,163070,163073,163174,163176,163229,163234,163238,163241,163340,163342,163381,163384,163389,163391,163396,163400,163513,163517,163614,163618,163706,163708,163725,163729,163852,163858,163864,163870,163875,163878,163905,163909,163911,164005,164008,164012,164015,164102,164105,164140,164142,164179,164182,164190,164195,164200,164274,164281,164283,164288,164291,164297,164300,164306,164311,164317,164322,164326,164329,164331,164356],[10,161926,4197,161928,4201],{"id":161927},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161929,64943],{},[20,161931,161932,161934],{},[15,161933,64943],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161936,161937,161938,161940,161941,161943],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161939,64943],{}," inside a ",[15,161942,6576],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161945,2634],{"id":2633},[35,161947,161949],{"className":37,"code":161948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161950,161951,161983,162003,162007,162032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161952,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161954,5612],{"class":50},[44,161956,55],{"class":54},[44,161958,1954],{"class":58},[44,161960,633],{"class":583},[44,161962,13497],{"class":587},[44,161964,633],{"class":583},[44,161966,66],{"class":58},[44,161968,643],{"class":583},[44,161970,36562],{"class":587},[44,161972,633],{"class":583},[44,161974,66],{"class":58},[44,161976,643],{"class":583},[44,161978,36571],{"class":587},[44,161980,633],{"class":583},[44,161982,1967],{"class":58},[44,161984,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,161986,5681],{"class":50},[44,161988,55],{"class":54},[44,161990,1954],{"class":58},[44,161992,14119],{"class":62},[44,161994,66],{"class":58},[44,161996,14124],{"class":62},[44,161998,66],{"class":58},[44,162000,29539],{"class":62},[44,162002,1967],{"class":58},[44,162004,162005],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162006,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162008,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162010,6576],{"class":4496},[44,162012,36613],{"class":50},[44,162014,66],{"class":58},[44,162016,5723],{"class":50},[44,162018,4503],{"class":4496},[44,162020,162021],{"class":139}," zip",[44,162023,127],{"class":58},[44,162025,5656],{"class":123},[44,162027,66],{"class":58},[44,162029,5728],{"class":123},[44,162031,8964],{"class":58},[44,162033,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,162035,8690],{"class":139},[44,162037,127],{"class":58},[44,162039,8287],{"class":123},[44,162041,66],{"class":58},[44,162043,131309],{"class":123},[44,162045,133],{"class":58},[20,162047,150],{},[35,162049,162051],{"className":37,"code":162050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162052,162053,162059,162066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162054,162055,162057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162056,134328],{"class":50},[44,162058,33756],{"class":62},[44,162060,162061,162064],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162062,162063],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,162065,33761],{"class":62},[44,162067,162068,162071],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162069,162070],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,162072,33766],{"class":62},[20,162074,1296,162075,162077],{},[15,162076,64943],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,162079,186,162081,189],{"id":162080},"what-zip-does",[15,162082,64943],{},[205,162084,162085,162090,162093,162096],{},[208,162086,162087,162089],{},[15,162088,64943],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[208,162091,162092],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[208,162094,162095],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[208,162097,162098],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162100,162101],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,162103,234],{"id":233},[20,162105,7836],{},[35,162107,162109],{"className":37,"code":162108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162110,162111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162112,162113,162115,162117,162120,162122,162125,162127,162129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162114,65013],{"class":139},[44,162116,127],{"class":58},[44,162118,162119],{"class":123},"iterable1",[44,162121,66],{"class":58},[44,162123,162124],{"class":123}," iterable2",[44,162126,66],{"class":58},[44,162128,35073],{"class":139},[44,162130,133],{"class":58},[20,162132,162133],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162135,162136],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,162138,162140],{"className":37,"code":162139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162141,162142,162162,162194,162198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162143,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162145,884],{"class":50},[44,162147,55],{"class":54},[44,162149,1954],{"class":58},[44,162151,63],{"class":62},[44,162153,66],{"class":58},[44,162155,69],{"class":62},[44,162157,66],{"class":58},[44,162159,74],{"class":62},[44,162161,1967],{"class":58},[44,162163,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162165,36712],{"class":50},[44,162167,55],{"class":54},[44,162169,1954],{"class":58},[44,162171,633],{"class":583},[44,162173,176],{"class":587},[44,162175,633],{"class":583},[44,162177,66],{"class":58},[44,162179,643],{"class":583},[44,162181,130],{"class":587},[44,162183,633],{"class":583},[44,162185,66],{"class":58},[44,162187,643],{"class":583},[44,162189,431],{"class":587},[44,162191,633],{"class":583},[44,162193,1967],{"class":58},[44,162195,162196],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162197,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162199,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162201,140],{"class":139},[44,162203,127],{"class":58},[44,162205,8715],{"class":548},[44,162207,127],{"class":58},[44,162209,65013],{"class":139},[44,162211,127],{"class":58},[44,162213,4268],{"class":123},[44,162215,66],{"class":58},[44,162217,70720],{"class":123},[44,162219,2432],{"class":58},[20,162221,150],{},[35,162223,162225],{"className":37,"code":162224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162226,162227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162228,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162230,22358],{"class":58},[44,162232,63],{"class":62},[44,162234,66],{"class":58},[44,162236,584],{"class":583},[44,162238,176],{"class":587},[44,162240,590],{"class":583},[44,162242,9856],{"class":58},[44,162244,9859],{"class":58},[44,162246,339],{"class":62},[44,162248,66],{"class":58},[44,162250,584],{"class":583},[44,162252,130],{"class":587},[44,162254,590],{"class":583},[44,162256,9856],{"class":58},[44,162258,9859],{"class":58},[44,162260,95],{"class":62},[44,162262,66],{"class":58},[44,162264,584],{"class":583},[44,162266,431],{"class":587},[44,162268,590],{"class":583},[44,162270,9872],{"class":58},[20,162272,162273],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,162275,162277],{"className":37,"code":162276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162278,162279,162311,162331,162365,162369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162280,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162282,5612],{"class":50},[44,162284,55],{"class":54},[44,162286,1954],{"class":58},[44,162288,633],{"class":583},[44,162290,13497],{"class":587},[44,162292,633],{"class":583},[44,162294,66],{"class":58},[44,162296,643],{"class":583},[44,162298,36562],{"class":587},[44,162300,633],{"class":583},[44,162302,66],{"class":58},[44,162304,643],{"class":583},[44,162306,36571],{"class":587},[44,162308,633],{"class":583},[44,162310,1967],{"class":58},[44,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162314,5681],{"class":50},[44,162316,55],{"class":54},[44,162318,1954],{"class":58},[44,162320,14119],{"class":62},[44,162322,66],{"class":58},[44,162324,14124],{"class":62},[44,162326,66],{"class":58},[44,162328,29539],{"class":62},[44,162330,1967],{"class":58},[44,162332,162333,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162361,162363],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162334,162335],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,162337,55],{"class":54},[44,162339,1954],{"class":58},[44,162341,633],{"class":583},[44,162343,22863],{"class":587},[44,162345,633],{"class":583},[44,162347,66],{"class":58},[44,162349,643],{"class":583},[44,162351,31219],{"class":587},[44,162353,633],{"class":583},[44,162355,66],{"class":58},[44,162357,643],{"class":583},[44,162359,162360],{"class":587},"B+",[44,162362,633],{"class":583},[44,162364,1967],{"class":58},[44,162366,162367],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162368,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162370,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162394],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,162372,140],{"class":139},[44,162374,127],{"class":58},[44,162376,8715],{"class":548},[44,162378,127],{"class":58},[44,162380,65013],{"class":139},[44,162382,127],{"class":58},[44,162384,5656],{"class":123},[44,162386,66],{"class":58},[44,162388,5728],{"class":123},[44,162390,66],{"class":58},[44,162392,162393],{"class":123}," grades",[44,162395,2432],{"class":58},[20,162397,150],{},[35,162399,162401],{"className":37,"code":162400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162402,162403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162404,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162406,22358],{"class":58},[44,162408,590],{"class":583},[44,162410,13497],{"class":587},[44,162412,590],{"class":583},[44,162414,66],{"class":58},[44,162416,20516],{"class":62},[44,162418,66],{"class":58},[44,162420,584],{"class":583},[44,162422,22863],{"class":587},[44,162424,590],{"class":583},[44,162426,9856],{"class":58},[44,162428,9859],{"class":58},[44,162430,590],{"class":583},[44,162432,36562],{"class":587},[44,162434,590],{"class":583},[44,162436,66],{"class":58},[44,162438,14124],{"class":62},[44,162440,66],{"class":58},[44,162442,584],{"class":583},[44,162444,31219],{"class":587},[44,162446,590],{"class":583},[44,162448,9856],{"class":58},[44,162450,9859],{"class":58},[44,162452,590],{"class":583},[44,162454,36571],{"class":587},[44,162456,590],{"class":583},[44,162458,66],{"class":58},[44,162460,29539],{"class":62},[44,162462,66],{"class":58},[44,162464,584],{"class":583},[44,162466,162360],{"class":587},[44,162468,590],{"class":583},[44,162470,9872],{"class":58},[30,162472,162474],{"id":162473},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162476,162477],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,162479,162481],{"className":37,"code":162480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162482,162483,162515,162535,162539,162563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162484,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162486,5612],{"class":50},[44,162488,55],{"class":54},[44,162490,1954],{"class":58},[44,162492,633],{"class":583},[44,162494,13497],{"class":587},[44,162496,633],{"class":583},[44,162498,66],{"class":58},[44,162500,643],{"class":583},[44,162502,36562],{"class":587},[44,162504,633],{"class":583},[44,162506,66],{"class":58},[44,162508,643],{"class":583},[44,162510,36571],{"class":587},[44,162512,633],{"class":583},[44,162514,1967],{"class":58},[44,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162518,5681],{"class":50},[44,162520,55],{"class":54},[44,162522,1954],{"class":58},[44,162524,14119],{"class":62},[44,162526,66],{"class":58},[44,162528,14124],{"class":62},[44,162530,66],{"class":58},[44,162532,29539],{"class":62},[44,162534,1967],{"class":58},[44,162536,162537],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162538,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162540,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162542,6576],{"class":4496},[44,162544,36613],{"class":50},[44,162546,66],{"class":58},[44,162548,5723],{"class":50},[44,162550,4503],{"class":4496},[44,162552,162021],{"class":139},[44,162554,127],{"class":58},[44,162556,5656],{"class":123},[44,162558,66],{"class":58},[44,162560,5728],{"class":123},[44,162562,8964],{"class":58},[44,162564,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,162566,8690],{"class":139},[44,162568,127],{"class":58},[44,162570,22912],{"class":579},[44,162572,633],{"class":587},[44,162574,160],{"class":62},[44,162576,8287],{"class":123},[44,162578,22921],{"class":62},[44,162580,162581],{"class":587}," scored ",[44,162583,160],{"class":62},[44,162585,86142],{"class":123},[44,162587,22921],{"class":62},[44,162589,633],{"class":587},[44,162591,133],{"class":58},[20,162593,150],{},[35,162595,162597],{"className":37,"code":162596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162598,162599,162606,162613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162600,162601,162604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162602,162603],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,162605,33756],{"class":62},[44,162607,162608,162611],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162609,162610],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,162612,33761],{"class":62},[44,162614,162615,162618],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162616,162617],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,162619,33766],{"class":62},[20,162621,45553],{},[205,162623,162624,162633,162636],{},[208,162625,162626,162629,162630],{},[15,162627,162628],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162631,162632],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[208,162634,162635],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[208,162637,162638,2495,162640,162642],{},[15,162639,8287],{},[15,162641,86142],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162644,162645,162646,120],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[176,162647,70237],{"href":70236},[30,162649,162651],{"id":162650},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162653,162654,162656],{},[15,162655,64943],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162658,162659],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,162661,162663],{"className":37,"code":162662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162664,162665,162706,162722,162726,162750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162666,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162702,162704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162668,5612],{"class":50},[44,162670,55],{"class":54},[44,162672,1954],{"class":58},[44,162674,633],{"class":583},[44,162676,13497],{"class":587},[44,162678,633],{"class":583},[44,162680,66],{"class":58},[44,162682,643],{"class":583},[44,162684,36562],{"class":587},[44,162686,633],{"class":583},[44,162688,66],{"class":58},[44,162690,643],{"class":583},[44,162692,36571],{"class":587},[44,162694,633],{"class":583},[44,162696,66],{"class":58},[44,162698,643],{"class":583},[44,162700,162701],{"class":587},"Dan",[44,162703,633],{"class":583},[44,162705,1967],{"class":58},[44,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162709,5681],{"class":50},[44,162711,55],{"class":54},[44,162713,1954],{"class":58},[44,162715,14119],{"class":62},[44,162717,66],{"class":58},[44,162719,14124],{"class":62},[44,162721,1967],{"class":58},[44,162723,162724],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162725,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162727,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162729,6576],{"class":4496},[44,162731,36613],{"class":50},[44,162733,66],{"class":58},[44,162735,5723],{"class":50},[44,162737,4503],{"class":4496},[44,162739,162021],{"class":139},[44,162741,127],{"class":58},[44,162743,5656],{"class":123},[44,162745,66],{"class":58},[44,162747,5728],{"class":123},[44,162749,8964],{"class":58},[44,162751,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,162753,8690],{"class":139},[44,162755,127],{"class":58},[44,162757,8287],{"class":123},[44,162759,66],{"class":58},[44,162761,131309],{"class":123},[44,162763,133],{"class":58},[20,162765,150],{},[35,162767,162769],{"className":37,"code":162768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162770,162771,162777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162772,162773,162775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162774,134328],{"class":50},[44,162776,33756],{"class":62},[44,162778,162779,162781],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162780,162063],{"class":50},[44,162782,33761],{"class":62},[20,162784,2913,162785,2495,162788,162791],{},[15,162786,162787],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162789,162790],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162793,162794],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,162796,162798],{"className":37,"code":162797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162799,162800,162840,162856,162860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162803,5612],{"class":50},[44,162805,55],{"class":54},[44,162807,1954],{"class":58},[44,162809,633],{"class":583},[44,162811,13497],{"class":587},[44,162813,633],{"class":583},[44,162815,66],{"class":58},[44,162817,643],{"class":583},[44,162819,36562],{"class":587},[44,162821,633],{"class":583},[44,162823,66],{"class":58},[44,162825,643],{"class":583},[44,162827,36571],{"class":587},[44,162829,633],{"class":583},[44,162831,66],{"class":58},[44,162833,643],{"class":583},[44,162835,162701],{"class":587},[44,162837,633],{"class":583},[44,162839,1967],{"class":58},[44,162841,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162843,5681],{"class":50},[44,162845,55],{"class":54},[44,162847,1954],{"class":58},[44,162849,14119],{"class":62},[44,162851,66],{"class":58},[44,162853,14124],{"class":62},[44,162855,1967],{"class":58},[44,162857,162858],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162859,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162861,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162863,140],{"class":139},[44,162865,127],{"class":58},[44,162867,2441],{"class":139},[44,162869,127],{"class":58},[44,162871,5656],{"class":123},[44,162873,9856],{"class":58},[44,162875,39008],{"class":139},[44,162877,127],{"class":58},[44,162879,17007],{"class":123},[44,162881,556],{"class":58},[20,162883,150],{},[35,162885,162887],{"className":37,"code":162886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162888,162889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162890,162891,162893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162892,1517],{"class":62},[44,162894,46212],{"class":62},[20,162896,162897,162898,120],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162899,64943],{},[30,162901,92733,162903,162905],{"id":162902},"converting-zip-output",[15,162904,64943],{}," output",[20,162907,29680,162908,162910],{},[15,162909,64943],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1044,162912,1296,162914],{"id":162913},"use-listzip",[15,162915,162916],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162918,162919],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162921,162923],{"className":37,"code":162922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162924,162925,162957,162977,162981,163003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162928,5612],{"class":50},[44,162930,55],{"class":54},[44,162932,1954],{"class":58},[44,162934,633],{"class":583},[44,162936,13497],{"class":587},[44,162938,633],{"class":583},[44,162940,66],{"class":58},[44,162942,643],{"class":583},[44,162944,36562],{"class":587},[44,162946,633],{"class":583},[44,162948,66],{"class":58},[44,162950,643],{"class":583},[44,162952,36571],{"class":587},[44,162954,633],{"class":583},[44,162956,1967],{"class":58},[44,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,162960,5681],{"class":50},[44,162962,55],{"class":54},[44,162964,1954],{"class":58},[44,162966,14119],{"class":62},[44,162968,66],{"class":58},[44,162970,14124],{"class":62},[44,162972,66],{"class":58},[44,162974,29539],{"class":62},[44,162976,1967],{"class":58},[44,162978,162979],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,162980,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,162984,9838],{"class":50},[44,162986,55],{"class":54},[44,162988,23177],{"class":548},[44,162990,127],{"class":58},[44,162992,65013],{"class":139},[44,162994,127],{"class":58},[44,162996,5656],{"class":123},[44,162998,66],{"class":58},[44,163000,5728],{"class":123},[44,163002,556],{"class":58},[44,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163006,140],{"class":139},[44,163008,127],{"class":58},[44,163010,9885],{"class":123},[44,163012,133],{"class":58},[20,163014,150],{},[35,163016,163018],{"className":37,"code":163017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,163019,163020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163021,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163023,22358],{"class":58},[44,163025,590],{"class":583},[44,163027,13497],{"class":587},[44,163029,590],{"class":583},[44,163031,66],{"class":58},[44,163033,20516],{"class":62},[44,163035,9856],{"class":58},[44,163037,9859],{"class":58},[44,163039,590],{"class":583},[44,163041,36562],{"class":587},[44,163043,590],{"class":583},[44,163045,66],{"class":58},[44,163047,14124],{"class":62},[44,163049,9856],{"class":58},[44,163051,9859],{"class":58},[44,163053,590],{"class":583},[44,163055,36571],{"class":587},[44,163057,590],{"class":583},[44,163059,66],{"class":58},[44,163061,29539],{"class":62},[44,163063,9872],{"class":58},[1044,163065,1296,163067],{"id":163066},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163068,163069],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163071,163072],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,163074,163076],{"className":37,"code":163075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163077,163078,163110,163138,163142,163164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163079,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163081,17861],{"class":50},[44,163083,55],{"class":54},[44,163085,1954],{"class":58},[44,163087,633],{"class":583},[44,163089,8287],{"class":587},[44,163091,633],{"class":583},[44,163093,66],{"class":58},[44,163095,643],{"class":583},[44,163097,9921],{"class":587},[44,163099,633],{"class":583},[44,163101,66],{"class":58},[44,163103,643],{"class":583},[44,163105,11029],{"class":587},[44,163107,633],{"class":583},[44,163109,1967],{"class":58},[44,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163113,4441],{"class":50},[44,163115,55],{"class":54},[44,163117,1954],{"class":58},[44,163119,633],{"class":583},[44,163121,13497],{"class":587},[44,163123,633],{"class":583},[44,163125,66],{"class":58},[44,163127,9928],{"class":62},[44,163129,66],{"class":58},[44,163131,643],{"class":583},[44,163133,16649],{"class":587},[44,163135,633],{"class":583},[44,163137,1967],{"class":58},[44,163139,163140],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163141,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163145,13821],{"class":50},[44,163147,55],{"class":54},[44,163149,9793],{"class":548},[44,163151,127],{"class":58},[44,163153,65013],{"class":139},[44,163155,127],{"class":58},[44,163157,17542],{"class":123},[44,163159,66],{"class":58},[44,163161,4506],{"class":123},[44,163163,556],{"class":58},[44,163165,163166,163168,163170,163172],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163167,140],{"class":139},[44,163169,127],{"class":58},[44,163171,17926],{"class":123},[44,163173,133],{"class":58},[20,163175,150],{},[35,163177,163179],{"className":37,"code":163178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163180,163181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163182,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163184,160],{"class":58},[44,163186,590],{"class":583},[44,163188,8287],{"class":587},[44,163190,590],{"class":583},[44,163192,1598],{"class":58},[44,163194,584],{"class":583},[44,163196,13497],{"class":587},[44,163198,590],{"class":583},[44,163200,66],{"class":58},[44,163202,584],{"class":583},[44,163204,9921],{"class":587},[44,163206,590],{"class":583},[44,163208,1598],{"class":58},[44,163210,9928],{"class":62},[44,163212,66],{"class":58},[44,163214,584],{"class":583},[44,163216,11029],{"class":587},[44,163218,590],{"class":583},[44,163220,1598],{"class":58},[44,163222,584],{"class":583},[44,163224,16649],{"class":587},[44,163226,590],{"class":583},[44,163228,82],{"class":58},[20,163230,163231,163232,120],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[176,163233,31706],{"href":31705},[1044,163235,163237],{"id":163236},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163239,163240],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,163242,163244],{"className":37,"code":163243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163245,163246,163270,163286,163290,163308,163312,163326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163249,5612],{"class":50},[44,163251,55],{"class":54},[44,163253,1954],{"class":58},[44,163255,633],{"class":583},[44,163257,13497],{"class":587},[44,163259,633],{"class":583},[44,163261,66],{"class":58},[44,163263,643],{"class":583},[44,163265,36562],{"class":587},[44,163267,633],{"class":583},[44,163269,1967],{"class":58},[44,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163273,5681],{"class":50},[44,163275,55],{"class":54},[44,163277,1954],{"class":58},[44,163279,14119],{"class":62},[44,163281,66],{"class":58},[44,163283,14124],{"class":62},[44,163285,1967],{"class":58},[44,163287,163288],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163289,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163291,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163293,9838],{"class":50},[44,163295,55],{"class":54},[44,163297,162021],{"class":139},[44,163299,127],{"class":58},[44,163301,5656],{"class":123},[44,163303,66],{"class":58},[44,163305,5728],{"class":123},[44,163307,133],{"class":58},[44,163309,163310],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163311,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163313,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,163315,140],{"class":139},[44,163317,127],{"class":58},[44,163319,8715],{"class":548},[44,163321,127],{"class":58},[44,163323,9885],{"class":123},[44,163325,556],{"class":58},[44,163327,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,163329,140],{"class":139},[44,163331,127],{"class":58},[44,163333,8715],{"class":548},[44,163335,127],{"class":58},[44,163337,9885],{"class":123},[44,163339,556],{"class":58},[20,163341,150],{},[35,163343,163345],{"className":37,"code":163344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163346,163347,163377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163348,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163350,22358],{"class":58},[44,163352,590],{"class":583},[44,163354,13497],{"class":587},[44,163356,590],{"class":583},[44,163358,66],{"class":58},[44,163360,20516],{"class":62},[44,163362,9856],{"class":58},[44,163364,9859],{"class":58},[44,163366,590],{"class":583},[44,163368,36562],{"class":587},[44,163370,590],{"class":583},[44,163372,66],{"class":58},[44,163374,14124],{"class":62},[44,163376,9872],{"class":58},[44,163378,163379],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163380,38919],{"class":58},[20,163382,163383],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163385,163386,163387,120],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[176,163388,5754],{"href":6204},[30,163390,41668],{"id":41667},[20,163392,163393,163394,120],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163395,64943],{},[1044,163397,163399],{"id":163398},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,163401,163403],{"className":37,"code":163402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163404,163405,163437,163457,163461,163485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163406,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163408,5612],{"class":50},[44,163410,55],{"class":54},[44,163412,1954],{"class":58},[44,163414,633],{"class":583},[44,163416,13497],{"class":587},[44,163418,633],{"class":583},[44,163420,66],{"class":58},[44,163422,643],{"class":583},[44,163424,36562],{"class":587},[44,163426,633],{"class":583},[44,163428,66],{"class":58},[44,163430,643],{"class":583},[44,163432,36571],{"class":587},[44,163434,633],{"class":583},[44,163436,1967],{"class":58},[44,163438,163439,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163440,5681],{"class":50},[44,163442,55],{"class":54},[44,163444,1954],{"class":58},[44,163446,14119],{"class":62},[44,163448,66],{"class":58},[44,163450,14124],{"class":62},[44,163452,66],{"class":58},[44,163454,29539],{"class":62},[44,163456,1967],{"class":58},[44,163458,163459],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163460,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163462,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163464,6576],{"class":4496},[44,163466,36613],{"class":50},[44,163468,66],{"class":58},[44,163470,5723],{"class":50},[44,163472,4503],{"class":4496},[44,163474,162021],{"class":139},[44,163476,127],{"class":58},[44,163478,5656],{"class":123},[44,163480,66],{"class":58},[44,163482,5728],{"class":123},[44,163484,8964],{"class":58},[44,163486,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163488,8690],{"class":139},[44,163490,127],{"class":58},[44,163492,22912],{"class":579},[44,163494,633],{"class":587},[44,163496,160],{"class":62},[44,163498,8287],{"class":123},[44,163500,22921],{"class":62},[44,163502,22924],{"class":587},[44,163504,160],{"class":62},[44,163506,86142],{"class":123},[44,163508,22921],{"class":62},[44,163510,633],{"class":587},[44,163512,133],{"class":58},[1044,163514,163516],{"id":163515},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,163518,163520],{"className":37,"code":163519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163521,163522,163554,163578,163582,163604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163523,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163525,17861],{"class":50},[44,163527,55],{"class":54},[44,163529,1954],{"class":58},[44,163531,633],{"class":583},[44,163533,13266],{"class":587},[44,163535,633],{"class":583},[44,163537,66],{"class":58},[44,163539,643],{"class":583},[44,163541,8287],{"class":587},[44,163543,633],{"class":583},[44,163545,66],{"class":58},[44,163547,643],{"class":583},[44,163549,16439],{"class":587},[44,163551,633],{"class":583},[44,163553,1967],{"class":58},[44,163555,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163557,4441],{"class":50},[44,163559,55],{"class":54},[44,163561,1954],{"class":58},[44,163563,47215],{"class":62},[44,163565,66],{"class":58},[44,163567,643],{"class":583},[44,163569,13497],{"class":587},[44,163571,633],{"class":583},[44,163573,66],{"class":58},[44,163575,4537],{"class":4471},[44,163577,1967],{"class":58},[44,163579,163580],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163581,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163583,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163585,9788],{"class":50},[44,163587,55],{"class":54},[44,163589,9793],{"class":548},[44,163591,127],{"class":58},[44,163593,65013],{"class":139},[44,163595,127],{"class":58},[44,163597,17542],{"class":123},[44,163599,66],{"class":58},[44,163601,4506],{"class":123},[44,163603,556],{"class":58},[44,163605,163606,163608,163610,163612],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163607,140],{"class":139},[44,163609,127],{"class":58},[44,163611,9827],{"class":123},[44,163613,133],{"class":58},[1044,163615,163617],{"id":163616},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,163619,163621],{"className":37,"code":163620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163622,163623,163643,163663,163667,163692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163624,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163626,81281],{"class":50},[44,163628,55],{"class":54},[44,163630,1954],{"class":58},[44,163632,2958],{"class":62},[44,163634,66],{"class":58},[44,163636,8410],{"class":62},[44,163638,66],{"class":58},[44,163640,8415],{"class":62},[44,163642,1967],{"class":58},[44,163644,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163646,81302],{"class":50},[44,163648,55],{"class":54},[44,163650,1954],{"class":58},[44,163652,2958],{"class":62},[44,163654,66],{"class":58},[44,163656,9928],{"class":62},[44,163658,66],{"class":58},[44,163660,8415],{"class":62},[44,163662,1967],{"class":58},[44,163664,163665],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163666,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163668,163669,163671,163673,163675,163678,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163670,6576],{"class":4496},[44,163672,117],{"class":50},[44,163674,66],{"class":58},[44,163676,163677],{"class":50}," b ",[44,163679,4503],{"class":4496},[44,163681,162021],{"class":139},[44,163683,127],{"class":58},[44,163685,112196],{"class":123},[44,163687,66],{"class":58},[44,163689,81345],{"class":123},[44,163691,8964],{"class":58},[44,163693,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163695,8690],{"class":139},[44,163697,127],{"class":58},[44,163699,51],{"class":123},[44,163701,5305],{"class":54},[44,163703,1405],{"class":123},[44,163705,133],{"class":58},[20,163707,150],{},[35,163709,163711],{"className":37,"code":163710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163712,163713,163717,163721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163714,163715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163716,4601],{"class":4471},[44,163718,163719],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163720,4662],{"class":4471},[44,163722,163723],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163724,4601],{"class":4471},[1044,163726,163728],{"id":163727},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,163730,163732],{"className":37,"code":163731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163733,163734,163769,163792,163796,163823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163735,163736,163739,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163756,163758,163760,163762,163765,163767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163737,163738],{"class":50},"products ",[44,163740,55],{"class":54},[44,163742,1954],{"class":58},[44,163744,633],{"class":583},[44,163746,25759],{"class":587},[44,163748,633],{"class":583},[44,163750,66],{"class":58},[44,163752,643],{"class":583},[44,163754,163755],{"class":587},"Pen",[44,163757,633],{"class":583},[44,163759,66],{"class":58},[44,163761,643],{"class":583},[44,163763,163764],{"class":587},"Bag",[44,163766,633],{"class":583},[44,163768,1967],{"class":58},[44,163770,163771,163773,163775,163777,163780,163782,163785,163787,163790],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163772,83671],{"class":50},[44,163774,55],{"class":54},[44,163776,1954],{"class":58},[44,163778,163779],{"class":62},"12.5",[44,163781,66],{"class":58},[44,163783,163784],{"class":62}," 1.2",[44,163786,66],{"class":58},[44,163788,163789],{"class":62}," 25.0",[44,163791,1967],{"class":58},[44,163793,163794],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163795,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163797,163798,163800,163802,163804,163807,163809,163811,163813,163816,163818,163821],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163799,6576],{"class":4496},[44,163801,25820],{"class":50},[44,163803,66],{"class":58},[44,163805,163806],{"class":50}," price ",[44,163808,4503],{"class":4496},[44,163810,162021],{"class":139},[44,163812,127],{"class":58},[44,163814,163815],{"class":123},"products",[44,163817,66],{"class":58},[44,163819,163820],{"class":123}," prices",[44,163822,8964],{"class":58},[44,163824,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833,163835,163837,163839,163842,163844,163846,163848,163850],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163826,8690],{"class":139},[44,163828,127],{"class":58},[44,163830,22912],{"class":579},[44,163832,633],{"class":587},[44,163834,160],{"class":62},[44,163836,27628],{"class":123},[44,163838,22921],{"class":62},[44,163840,163841],{"class":587}," costs $",[44,163843,160],{"class":62},[44,163845,25768],{"class":123},[44,163847,22921],{"class":62},[44,163849,633],{"class":587},[44,163851,133],{"class":58},[20,163853,37224,163854,120],{},[176,163855,163857],{"href":163856},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163859,163861,163862],{"id":163860},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163863,64943],{},[1044,163865,9075,163867,163869],{"id":163866},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163868,64943],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163871,163872,163874],{},[15,163873,64943],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163876,163877],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163879,163881],{"className":37,"code":163880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163882,163883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163884,163885,163887,163889,163891,163893,163895,163897,163899,163901,163903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163886,140],{"class":139},[44,163888,127],{"class":58},[44,163890,2441],{"class":139},[44,163892,127],{"class":58},[44,163894,112196],{"class":123},[44,163896,9856],{"class":58},[44,163898,39008],{"class":139},[44,163900,127],{"class":58},[44,163902,81568],{"class":123},[44,163904,556],{"class":58},[1044,163906,163908],{"id":163907},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163910,69460],{},[35,163912,163914],{"className":37,"code":163913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163915,163916,163952,163956,163969,163979,163983,163995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163917,163918,163920,163922,163924,163926,163928,163930,163932,163934,163936,163938,163940,163942,163944,163946,163948,163950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163919,9838],{"class":50},[44,163921,55],{"class":54},[44,163923,162021],{"class":139},[44,163925,3609],{"class":58},[44,163927,63],{"class":62},[44,163929,66],{"class":58},[44,163931,69],{"class":62},[44,163933,18680],{"class":58},[44,163935,1954],{"class":58},[44,163937,633],{"class":583},[44,163939,176],{"class":587},[44,163941,633],{"class":583},[44,163943,66],{"class":58},[44,163945,643],{"class":583},[44,163947,130],{"class":587},[44,163949,633],{"class":583},[44,163951,4509],{"class":58},[44,163953,163954],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,163955,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163957,163958,163960,163962,163964,163967],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,163959,6576],{"class":4496},[44,163961,6579],{"class":50},[44,163963,4503],{"class":4496},[44,163965,163966],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163968,7011],{"class":58},[44,163970,163971,163973,163975,163977],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,163972,8690],{"class":139},[44,163974,127],{"class":58},[44,163976,23928],{"class":123},[44,163978,133],{"class":58},[44,163980,163981],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,163982,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,163984,163985,163987,163989,163991,163993],{"class":46,"line":392},[44,163986,6576],{"class":4496},[44,163988,6579],{"class":50},[44,163990,4503],{"class":4496},[44,163992,163966],{"class":50},[44,163994,7011],{"class":58},[44,163996,163997,163999,164001,164003],{"class":46,"line":541},[44,163998,8690],{"class":139},[44,164000,127],{"class":58},[44,164002,23928],{"class":123},[44,164004,133],{"class":58},[20,164006,164007],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1044,164009,164011],{"id":164010},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,164013,164014],{},"This is correct:",[35,164016,164018],{"className":37,"code":164017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,164019,164020,164044,164060,164064,164088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,164021,164022,164024,164026,164028,164030,164032,164034,164036,164038,164040,164042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164023,5612],{"class":50},[44,164025,55],{"class":54},[44,164027,1954],{"class":58},[44,164029,633],{"class":583},[44,164031,13497],{"class":587},[44,164033,633],{"class":583},[44,164035,66],{"class":58},[44,164037,643],{"class":583},[44,164039,36562],{"class":587},[44,164041,633],{"class":583},[44,164043,1967],{"class":58},[44,164045,164046,164048,164050,164052,164054,164056,164058],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,164047,5681],{"class":50},[44,164049,55],{"class":54},[44,164051,1954],{"class":58},[44,164053,14119],{"class":62},[44,164055,66],{"class":58},[44,164057,14124],{"class":62},[44,164059,1967],{"class":58},[44,164061,164062],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,164063,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,164065,164066,164068,164070,164072,164074,164076,164078,164080,164082,164084,164086],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,164067,6576],{"class":4496},[44,164069,36613],{"class":50},[44,164071,66],{"class":58},[44,164073,5723],{"class":50},[44,164075,4503],{"class":4496},[44,164077,162021],{"class":139},[44,164079,127],{"class":58},[44,164081,5656],{"class":123},[44,164083,66],{"class":58},[44,164085,5728],{"class":123},[44,164087,8964],{"class":58},[44,164089,164090,164092,164094,164096,164098,164100],{"class":46,"line":368},[44,164091,8690],{"class":139},[44,164093,127],{"class":58},[44,164095,8287],{"class":123},[44,164097,66],{"class":58},[44,164099,131309],{"class":123},[44,164101,133],{"class":58},[20,164103,164104],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,164106,164108],{"className":37,"code":164107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164109,164110,164130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,164111,164112,164114,164116,164118,164120,164122,164124,164126,164128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164113,6576],{"class":4496},[44,164115,6579],{"class":50},[44,164117,4503],{"class":4496},[44,164119,162021],{"class":139},[44,164121,127],{"class":58},[44,164123,5656],{"class":123},[44,164125,66],{"class":58},[44,164127,5728],{"class":123},[44,164129,8964],{"class":58},[44,164131,164132,164134,164136,164138],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,164133,8690],{"class":139},[44,164135,127],{"class":58},[44,164137,23928],{"class":123},[44,164139,133],{"class":58},[20,164141,150],{},[35,164143,164145],{"className":37,"code":164144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164146,164147,164163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,164148,164149,164151,164153,164155,164157,164159,164161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164150,127],{"class":58},[44,164152,590],{"class":583},[44,164154,13497],{"class":587},[44,164156,590],{"class":583},[44,164158,66],{"class":58},[44,164160,20516],{"class":62},[44,164162,133],{"class":58},[44,164164,164165,164167,164169,164171,164173,164175,164177],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,164166,127],{"class":58},[44,164168,590],{"class":583},[44,164170,36562],{"class":587},[44,164172,590],{"class":583},[44,164174,66],{"class":58},[44,164176,14124],{"class":62},[44,164178,133],{"class":58},[20,164180,164181],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1044,164183,863,164185,164187,164188],{"id":164184},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164186,64943],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164189,36370],{},[20,164191,1296,164192,164194],{},[15,164193,64943],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164196,1296,164197,164199],{},[15,164198,36370],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,164201,164202],{"className":37,"code":36539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,164203,164204,164236,164240,164260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,164205,164206,164208,164210,164212,164214,164216,164218,164220,164222,164224,164226,164228,164230,164232,164234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164207,5612],{"class":50},[44,164209,55],{"class":54},[44,164211,1954],{"class":58},[44,164213,633],{"class":583},[44,164215,13497],{"class":587},[44,164217,633],{"class":583},[44,164219,66],{"class":58},[44,164221,643],{"class":583},[44,164223,36562],{"class":587},[44,164225,633],{"class":583},[44,164227,66],{"class":58},[44,164229,643],{"class":583},[44,164231,36571],{"class":587},[44,164233,633],{"class":583},[44,164235,1967],{"class":58},[44,164237,164238],{"class":46,"line":85},[44,164239,365],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":364},[44,164241,164242,164244,164246,164248,164250,164252,164254,164256,164258],{"class":46,"line":109},[44,164243,6576],{"class":4496},[44,164245,36442],{"class":50},[44,164247,66],{"class":58},[44,164249,36590],{"class":50},[44,164251,4503],{"class":4496},[44,164253,36452],{"class":139},[44,164255,127],{"class":58},[44,164257,5656],{"class":123},[44,164259,8964],{"class":58},[44,164261,164262,164264,164266,164268,164270,164272],{"class":46,"line":136},[44,164263,8690],{"class":139},[44,164265,127],{"class":58},[44,164267,36467],{"class":123},[44,164269,66],{"class":58},[44,164271,36613],{"class":123},[44,164273,133],{"class":58},[20,164275,164276,164277,120],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[176,164278,4197,164279,4130],{"href":92645},[15,164280,36370],{},[30,164282,2478],{"id":2477},[1044,164284,5760,164286,5763],{"id":164285},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164287,64943],{},[20,164289,164290],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1044,164292,2482,164294,164296],{"id":164293},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164295,64943],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164298,164299],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1044,164301,164303,164304,1447],{"id":164302},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164305,64943],{},[20,164307,164308,164309,120],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164310,162916],{},[1044,164312,164314,164315,1447],{"id":164313},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164316,64943],{},[20,164318,128674,164319,164321],{},[15,164320,163069],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1044,164323,164325],{"id":164324},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164327,164328],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,164330,2528],{"id":2527},[205,164332,164333,164338,164344,164348,164352],{},[208,164334,164335],{},[176,164336,164337],{"href":163856},"How to use zip in Python",[208,164339,164340],{},[176,164341,4197,164342,4130],{"href":92645},[15,164343,36370],{},[208,164345,164346],{},[176,164347,5834],{"href":6204},[208,164349,164350],{},[176,164351,70313],{"href":70236},[208,164353,164354],{},[176,164355,32880],{"href":31705},[2554,164357,164358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":85,"depth":85,"links":164360},[164361,164362,164364,164365,164366,164367,164375,164381,164390,164401],{"id":2633,"depth":85,"text":2634},{"id":162080,"depth":85,"text":164363},"What zip() does",{"id":233,"depth":85,"text":234},{"id":162473,"depth":85,"text":162474},{"id":162650,"depth":85,"text":162651},{"id":162902,"depth":85,"text":164368,"children":164369},"Converting zip() output",[164370,164372,164374],{"id":162913,"depth":109,"text":164371},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163066,"depth":109,"text":164373},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163236,"depth":109,"text":163237},{"id":41667,"depth":85,"text":41668,"children":164376},[164377,164378,164379,164380],{"id":163398,"depth":109,"text":163399},{"id":163515,"depth":109,"text":163516},{"id":163616,"depth":109,"text":163617},{"id":163727,"depth":109,"text":163728},{"id":163860,"depth":85,"text":164382,"children":164383},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164384,164386,164387,164388],{"id":163866,"depth":109,"text":164385},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163907,"depth":109,"text":163908},{"id":164010,"depth":109,"text":164011},{"id":164184,"depth":109,"text":164389},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2477,"depth":85,"text":2478,"children":164391},[164392,164394,164396,164398,164400],{"id":164285,"depth":109,"text":164393},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164293,"depth":109,"text":164395},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164302,"depth":109,"text":164397},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164313,"depth":109,"text":164399},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164324,"depth":109,"text":164325},{"id":2527,"depth":85,"text":2528},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161922,"description":164402},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854033]