[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163710},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method":3,"nav-reference":1889},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1882,"extension":1883,"meta":1884,"navigation":152,"path":1885,"seo":1886,"stem":1887,"__hash__":1888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1844},"minimark",[9,19,26,45,50,190,193,241,247,254,259,278,281,293,297,318,336,341,402,405,426,433,438,469,477,583,585,622,633,637,644,647,723,725,735,740,809,811,836,840,843,951,953,1016,1019,1023,1029,1103,1105,1138,1141,1144,1188,1194,1217,1223,1228,1239,1242,1246,1251,1258,1261,1320,1332,1335,1388,1397,1402,1475,1484,1491,1496,1499,1540,1545,1594,1598,1601,1604,1647,1650,1654,1660,1726,1729,1743,1747,1751,1757,1764,1770,1780,1792,1799,1805,1809,1840],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-discard-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"discard()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,27,28,29,36,37,39,40,44],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,34,35],{},"set.remove()",", ",[15,38,17],{}," does ",[41,42,43],"strong",{},"not"," raise an error for a missing item.",[46,47,49],"h2",{"id":48},"quick-example","Quick example",[51,52,57],"pre",{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n","python","",[15,58,59,109,134,147,154,179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61,64,68,72,76,80,84,86,89,92,95,97,99,101,104,106],"span",{"class":62,"line":63},"line",1,[60,65,67],{"class":66},"su5hD","colors ",[60,69,71],{"class":70},"smGrS","=",[60,73,75],{"class":74},"sP7_E"," {",[60,77,79],{"class":78},"sjJ54","\"",[60,81,83],{"class":82},"s_sjI","red",[60,85,79],{"class":78},[60,87,88],{"class":74},",",[60,90,91],{"class":78}," \"",[60,93,94],{"class":82},"blue",[60,96,79],{"class":78},[60,98,88],{"class":74},[60,100,91],{"class":78},[60,102,103],{"class":82},"green",[60,105,79],{"class":78},[60,107,108],{"class":74},"}\n",[60,110,112,115,118,122,125,127,129,131],{"class":62,"line":111},2,[60,113,114],{"class":66},"colors",[60,116,117],{"class":74},".",[60,119,121],{"class":120},"slqww","discard",[60,123,124],{"class":74},"(",[60,126,79],{"class":78},[60,128,94],{"class":82},[60,130,79],{"class":78},[60,132,133],{"class":74},")\n",[60,135,137,141,143,145],{"class":62,"line":136},3,[60,138,140],{"class":139},"sptTA","print",[60,142,124],{"class":74},[60,144,114],{"class":120},[60,146,133],{"class":74},[60,148,150],{"class":62,"line":149},4,[60,151,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},true,"\n",[60,155,157,159,161,163,165,167,170,172,175],{"class":62,"line":156},5,[60,158,114],{"class":66},[60,160,117],{"class":74},[60,162,121],{"class":120},[60,164,124],{"class":74},[60,166,79],{"class":78},[60,168,169],{"class":82},"yellow",[60,171,79],{"class":78},[60,173,174],{"class":74},")",[60,176,178],{"class":177},"sutJx","  # no error if missing\n",[60,180,182,184,186,188],{"class":62,"line":181},6,[60,183,140],{"class":139},[60,185,124],{"class":74},[60,187,114],{"class":120},[60,189,133],{"class":74},[20,191,192],{},"Possible output:",[51,194,196],{"className":53,"code":195,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,197,198,221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,199,200,203,206,208,210,212,215,217,219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,201,202],{"class":74},"{",[60,204,205],{"class":78},"'",[60,207,83],{"class":82},[60,209,205],{"class":78},[60,211,88],{"class":74},[60,213,214],{"class":78}," '",[60,216,103],{"class":82},[60,218,205],{"class":78},[60,220,108],{"class":74},[60,222,223,225,227,229,231,233,235,237,239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,224,202],{"class":74},[60,226,205],{"class":78},[60,228,83],{"class":82},[60,230,205],{"class":78},[60,232,88],{"class":74},[60,234,214],{"class":78},[60,236,103],{"class":82},[60,238,205],{"class":78},[60,240,108],{"class":74},[20,242,243,244,246],{},"Use ",[15,245,17],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[46,248,250,251,253],{"id":249},"what-setdiscard-does","What ",[15,252,24],{}," does",[20,255,256,258],{},[15,257,17],{},":",[260,261,262,266,269,272],"ul",{},[263,264,265],"li",{},"Removes one item from a set",[263,267,268],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[263,270,271],{},"Changes the original set in place",[263,273,274,275],{},"Returns ",[15,276,277],{},"None",[20,279,280],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,282,283,284,288,289,117],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[30,285,287],{"href":286},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what a set is in Python"," or ",[30,290,292],{"href":291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F","how to create a set",[46,294,296],{"id":295},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[51,298,300],{"className":53,"code":299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,301,302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,303,304,307,309,311,313,316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,305,306],{"class":66},"my_set",[60,308,117],{"class":74},[60,310,121],{"class":120},[60,312,124],{"class":74},[60,314,315],{"class":120},"value",[60,317,133],{"class":74},[260,319,320,325,330,333],{},[263,321,322,324],{},[15,323,306],{}," is the set you want to change",[263,326,327,329],{},[15,328,315],{}," is the item you want to remove",[263,331,332],{},"The set must already exist",[263,334,335],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[337,338,340],"h3",{"id":339},"example","Example",[51,342,344],{"className":53,"code":343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,345,346,376,392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,347,348,351,353,355,359,361,364,366,369,371,374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,349,350],{"class":66},"numbers ",[60,352,71],{"class":70},[60,354,75],{"class":74},[60,356,358],{"class":357},"srdBf","1",[60,360,88],{"class":74},[60,362,363],{"class":357}," 2",[60,365,88],{"class":74},[60,367,368],{"class":357}," 3",[60,370,88],{"class":74},[60,372,373],{"class":357}," 4",[60,375,108],{"class":74},[60,377,378,381,383,385,387,390],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,379,380],{"class":66},"numbers",[60,382,117],{"class":74},[60,384,121],{"class":120},[60,386,124],{"class":74},[60,388,389],{"class":357},"3",[60,391,133],{"class":74},[60,393,394,396,398,400],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,395,140],{"class":139},[60,397,124],{"class":74},[60,399,380],{"class":120},[60,401,133],{"class":74},[20,403,404],{},"Output:",[51,406,408],{"className":53,"code":407,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,409,410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,411,412,414,416,418,420,422,424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,413,202],{"class":74},[60,415,358],{"class":357},[60,417,88],{"class":74},[60,419,363],{"class":357},[60,421,88],{"class":74},[60,423,373],{"class":357},[60,425,108],{"class":74},[46,427,429,430,432],{"id":428},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,431,17],{}," different",[20,434,435,437],{},[15,436,17],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[260,439,440,455,466],{},[263,441,442,443,36,448,450,451,454],{},"Unlike ",[30,444,445],{"href":32},[15,446,447],{},"remove()",[15,449,17],{}," does not raise ",[15,452,453],{},"KeyError"," when the item is missing",[263,456,442,457,36,463,465],{},[30,458,460],{"href":459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,461,462],{},"pop()",[15,464,17],{}," removes a specific item",[263,467,468],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[337,470,472,474,475],{"id":471},"discard-vs-remove",[15,473,17],{}," vs ",[15,476,447],{},[51,478,480],{"className":53,"code":479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,481,482,509,513,536,546,550,572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,483,484,487,489,491,493,496,498,500,502,505,507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,485,486],{"class":66},"items ",[60,488,71],{"class":70},[60,490,75],{"class":74},[60,492,79],{"class":78},[60,494,495],{"class":82},"apple",[60,497,79],{"class":78},[60,499,88],{"class":74},[60,501,91],{"class":78},[60,503,504],{"class":82},"banana",[60,506,79],{"class":78},[60,508,108],{"class":74},[60,510,511],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,512,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,514,515,518,520,522,524,526,529,531,533],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,516,517],{"class":66},"items",[60,519,117],{"class":74},[60,521,121],{"class":120},[60,523,124],{"class":74},[60,525,79],{"class":78},[60,527,528],{"class":82},"orange",[60,530,79],{"class":78},[60,532,174],{"class":74},[60,534,535],{"class":177},"   # no error\n",[60,537,538,540,542,544],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,539,140],{"class":139},[60,541,124],{"class":74},[60,543,517],{"class":120},[60,545,133],{"class":74},[60,547,548],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,549,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,551,552,554,556,559,561,563,565,567,569],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,553,517],{"class":66},[60,555,117],{"class":74},[60,557,558],{"class":120},"remove",[60,560,124],{"class":74},[60,562,79],{"class":78},[60,564,504],{"class":82},[60,566,79],{"class":78},[60,568,174],{"class":74},[60,570,571],{"class":177},"    # removes existing item\n",[60,573,575,577,579,581],{"class":62,"line":574},7,[60,576,140],{"class":139},[60,578,124],{"class":74},[60,580,517],{"class":120},[60,582,133],{"class":74},[20,584,404],{},[51,586,588],{"className":53,"code":587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,589,590,610],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,591,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,593,202],{"class":74},[60,595,205],{"class":78},[60,597,495],{"class":82},[60,599,205],{"class":78},[60,601,88],{"class":74},[60,603,214],{"class":78},[60,605,504],{"class":82},[60,607,205],{"class":78},[60,609,108],{"class":74},[60,611,612,614,616,618,620],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,613,202],{"class":74},[60,615,205],{"class":78},[60,617,495],{"class":82},[60,619,205],{"class":78},[60,621,108],{"class":74},[20,623,624,625,627,628,632],{},"If you call ",[15,626,447],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[30,629,631],{"href":630},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python"," for more help with that case.",[46,634,636],{"id":635},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,638,639,641,642,117],{},[15,640,17],{}," returns ",[15,643,277],{},[20,645,646],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[51,648,650],{"className":53,"code":649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,651,652,684,708,712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,653,654,656,658,660,662,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,655,67],{"class":66},[60,657,71],{"class":70},[60,659,75],{"class":74},[60,661,79],{"class":78},[60,663,83],{"class":82},[60,665,79],{"class":78},[60,667,88],{"class":74},[60,669,91],{"class":78},[60,671,94],{"class":82},[60,673,79],{"class":78},[60,675,88],{"class":74},[60,677,91],{"class":78},[60,679,103],{"class":82},[60,681,79],{"class":78},[60,683,108],{"class":74},[60,685,686,689,691,694,696,698,700,702,704,706],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,687,688],{"class":66},"result ",[60,690,71],{"class":70},[60,692,693],{"class":66}," colors",[60,695,117],{"class":74},[60,697,121],{"class":120},[60,699,124],{"class":74},[60,701,79],{"class":78},[60,703,94],{"class":82},[60,705,79],{"class":78},[60,707,133],{"class":74},[60,709,710],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,711,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,713,714,716,718,721],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,715,140],{"class":139},[60,717,124],{"class":74},[60,719,720],{"class":120},"result",[60,722,133],{"class":74},[20,724,404],{},[51,726,728],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n",[15,729,730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,731,732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,733,727],{"class":734},"s39Yj",[20,736,737,738,258],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,739,114],{},[51,741,743],{"className":53,"code":742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,744,745,777,795,799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,746,747,749,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771,773,775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,748,67],{"class":66},[60,750,71],{"class":70},[60,752,75],{"class":74},[60,754,79],{"class":78},[60,756,83],{"class":82},[60,758,79],{"class":78},[60,760,88],{"class":74},[60,762,91],{"class":78},[60,764,94],{"class":82},[60,766,79],{"class":78},[60,768,88],{"class":74},[60,770,91],{"class":78},[60,772,103],{"class":82},[60,774,79],{"class":78},[60,776,108],{"class":74},[60,778,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,780,114],{"class":66},[60,782,117],{"class":74},[60,784,121],{"class":120},[60,786,124],{"class":74},[60,788,79],{"class":78},[60,790,94],{"class":82},[60,792,79],{"class":78},[60,794,133],{"class":74},[60,796,797],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,798,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,800,801,803,805,807],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,802,140],{"class":139},[60,804,124],{"class":74},[60,806,114],{"class":120},[60,808,133],{"class":74},[20,810,404],{},[51,812,814],{"className":53,"code":813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,815,816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,817,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832,834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,819,202],{"class":74},[60,821,205],{"class":78},[60,823,83],{"class":82},[60,825,205],{"class":78},[60,827,88],{"class":74},[60,829,214],{"class":78},[60,831,103],{"class":82},[60,833,205],{"class":78},[60,835,108],{"class":74},[46,837,839],{"id":838},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,841,842],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[51,844,846],{"className":53,"code":845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,847,848,881,885,905,909,928,932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,849,850,853,855,857,859,861,863,865,867,869,871,873,875,877,879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,851,852],{"class":66},"fruits ",[60,854,71],{"class":70},[60,856,75],{"class":74},[60,858,79],{"class":78},[60,860,495],{"class":82},[60,862,79],{"class":78},[60,864,88],{"class":74},[60,866,91],{"class":78},[60,868,504],{"class":82},[60,870,79],{"class":78},[60,872,88],{"class":74},[60,874,91],{"class":78},[60,876,528],{"class":82},[60,878,79],{"class":78},[60,880,108],{"class":74},[60,882,883],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,884,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,886,887,889,891,893,896,898,900,903],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,888,140],{"class":139},[60,890,124],{"class":74},[60,892,79],{"class":78},[60,894,895],{"class":82},"Before:",[60,897,79],{"class":78},[60,899,88],{"class":74},[60,901,902],{"class":120}," fruits",[60,904,133],{"class":74},[60,906,907],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,908,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,910,911,914,916,918,920,922,924,926],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,912,913],{"class":66},"fruits",[60,915,117],{"class":74},[60,917,121],{"class":120},[60,919,124],{"class":74},[60,921,79],{"class":78},[60,923,504],{"class":82},[60,925,79],{"class":78},[60,927,133],{"class":74},[60,929,930],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,931,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,933,934,936,938,940,943,945,947,949],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,935,140],{"class":139},[60,937,124],{"class":74},[60,939,79],{"class":78},[60,941,942],{"class":82},"After:",[60,944,79],{"class":78},[60,946,88],{"class":74},[60,948,902],{"class":120},[60,950,133],{"class":74},[20,952,404],{},[51,954,956],{"className":53,"code":955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,957,958,991],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,959,960,963,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,961,962],{"class":66},"Before",[60,964,258],{"class":74},[60,966,75],{"class":74},[60,968,205],{"class":78},[60,970,504],{"class":82},[60,972,205],{"class":78},[60,974,88],{"class":74},[60,976,214],{"class":78},[60,978,495],{"class":82},[60,980,205],{"class":78},[60,982,88],{"class":74},[60,984,214],{"class":78},[60,986,528],{"class":82},[60,988,205],{"class":78},[60,990,108],{"class":74},[60,992,993,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,994,995],{"class":66},"After",[60,997,258],{"class":74},[60,999,75],{"class":74},[60,1001,205],{"class":78},[60,1003,495],{"class":82},[60,1005,205],{"class":78},[60,1007,88],{"class":74},[60,1009,214],{"class":78},[60,1011,528],{"class":82},[60,1013,205],{"class":78},[60,1015,108],{"class":74},[20,1017,1018],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[46,1020,1022],{"id":1021},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,1024,1025,1026,1028],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,1027,17],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[51,1030,1032],{"className":53,"code":1031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,1033,1034,1066,1070,1089,1093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1035,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1037,852],{"class":66},[60,1039,71],{"class":70},[60,1041,75],{"class":74},[60,1043,79],{"class":78},[60,1045,495],{"class":82},[60,1047,79],{"class":78},[60,1049,88],{"class":74},[60,1051,91],{"class":78},[60,1053,504],{"class":82},[60,1055,79],{"class":78},[60,1057,88],{"class":74},[60,1059,91],{"class":78},[60,1061,528],{"class":82},[60,1063,79],{"class":78},[60,1065,108],{"class":74},[60,1067,1068],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1069,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,1071,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1085,1087],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1073,913],{"class":66},[60,1075,117],{"class":74},[60,1077,121],{"class":120},[60,1079,124],{"class":74},[60,1081,79],{"class":78},[60,1083,1084],{"class":82},"grape",[60,1086,79],{"class":78},[60,1088,133],{"class":74},[60,1090,1091],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,1092,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,1094,1095,1097,1099,1101],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,1096,140],{"class":139},[60,1098,124],{"class":74},[60,1100,913],{"class":120},[60,1102,133],{"class":74},[20,1104,404],{},[51,1106,1108],{"className":53,"code":1107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,1109,1110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1111,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1113,202],{"class":74},[60,1115,205],{"class":78},[60,1117,504],{"class":82},[60,1119,205],{"class":78},[60,1121,88],{"class":74},[60,1123,214],{"class":78},[60,1125,495],{"class":82},[60,1127,205],{"class":78},[60,1129,88],{"class":74},[60,1131,214],{"class":78},[60,1133,528],{"class":82},[60,1135,205],{"class":78},[60,1137,108],{"class":74},[20,1139,1140],{},"No error happens here.",[20,1142,1143],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[51,1145,1147],{"className":53,"code":1146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,1148,1149,1169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1150,1151,1155,1157,1159,1161,1164,1166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1152,1154],{"class":1153},"sVHd0","if",[60,1156,91],{"class":78},[60,1158,1084],{"class":82},[60,1160,79],{"class":78},[60,1162,1163],{"class":70}," in",[60,1165,902],{"class":66},[60,1167,1168],{"class":74},":\n",[60,1170,1171,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1172,1173],{"class":66},"    fruits",[60,1175,117],{"class":74},[60,1177,558],{"class":120},[60,1179,124],{"class":74},[60,1181,79],{"class":78},[60,1183,1084],{"class":82},[60,1185,79],{"class":78},[60,1187,133],{"class":74},[20,1189,1190,1191,1193],{},"With ",[15,1192,17],{},", you can simply write:",[51,1195,1197],{"className":53,"code":1196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,1198,1199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1202,913],{"class":66},[60,1204,117],{"class":74},[60,1206,121],{"class":120},[60,1208,124],{"class":74},[60,1210,79],{"class":78},[60,1212,1084],{"class":82},[60,1214,79],{"class":78},[60,1216,133],{"class":74},[46,1218,1220,1221],{"id":1219},"when-to-use-discard","When to use ",[15,1222,17],{},[20,1224,243,1225,1227],{},[15,1226,17],{}," when:",[260,1229,1230,1233,1236],{},[263,1231,1232],{},"Missing values are normal",[263,1234,1235],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[263,1237,1238],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,1240,1241],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[46,1243,1245],{"id":1244},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1247,1248,1249,117],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,1250,17],{},[337,1252,1254,1255,1257],{"id":1253},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set","Expecting ",[15,1256,17],{}," to return the changed set",[20,1259,1260],{},"This is wrong:",[51,1262,1264],{"className":53,"code":1263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1265,1266,1286,1306,1310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1267,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1269,350],{"class":66},[60,1271,71],{"class":70},[60,1273,75],{"class":74},[60,1275,358],{"class":357},[60,1277,88],{"class":74},[60,1279,363],{"class":357},[60,1281,88],{"class":74},[60,1283,368],{"class":357},[60,1285,108],{"class":74},[60,1287,1288,1290,1292,1295,1297,1299,1301,1304],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1289,350],{"class":66},[60,1291,71],{"class":70},[60,1293,1294],{"class":66}," numbers",[60,1296,117],{"class":74},[60,1298,121],{"class":120},[60,1300,124],{"class":74},[60,1302,1303],{"class":357},"2",[60,1305,133],{"class":74},[60,1307,1308],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1309,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,1311,1312,1314,1316,1318],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,1313,140],{"class":139},[60,1315,124],{"class":74},[60,1317,380],{"class":120},[60,1319,133],{"class":74},[20,1321,1322,1324,1325,1327,1328,641,1330,117],{},[15,1323,380],{}," becomes ",[15,1326,277],{}," because ",[15,1329,17],{},[15,1331,277],{},[20,1333,1334],{},"Use this instead:",[51,1336,1338],{"className":53,"code":1337,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1339,1340,1360,1374,1378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1341,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1343,350],{"class":66},[60,1345,71],{"class":70},[60,1347,75],{"class":74},[60,1349,358],{"class":357},[60,1351,88],{"class":74},[60,1353,363],{"class":357},[60,1355,88],{"class":74},[60,1357,368],{"class":357},[60,1359,108],{"class":74},[60,1361,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1363,380],{"class":66},[60,1365,117],{"class":74},[60,1367,121],{"class":120},[60,1369,124],{"class":74},[60,1371,1303],{"class":357},[60,1373,133],{"class":74},[60,1375,1376],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1377,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,1379,1380,1382,1384,1386],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,1381,140],{"class":139},[60,1383,124],{"class":74},[60,1385,380],{"class":120},[60,1387,133],{"class":74},[337,1389,1391,1392,1394,1395],{"id":1390},"confusing-discard-with-remove","Confusing ",[15,1393,17],{}," with ",[15,1396,447],{},[20,1398,1399,1400,117],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,1401,17],{},[51,1403,1405],{"className":53,"code":1404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,1406,1407,1442,1465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1408,1409,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1429,1431,1433,1435,1438,1440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1410,1411],{"class":66},"letters ",[60,1413,71],{"class":70},[60,1415,75],{"class":74},[60,1417,79],{"class":78},[60,1419,30],{"class":82},[60,1421,79],{"class":78},[60,1423,88],{"class":74},[60,1425,91],{"class":78},[60,1427,1428],{"class":82},"b",[60,1430,79],{"class":78},[60,1432,88],{"class":74},[60,1434,91],{"class":78},[60,1436,1437],{"class":82},"c",[60,1439,79],{"class":78},[60,1441,108],{"class":74},[60,1443,1444,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1458,1460,1462],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1445,1446],{"class":66},"letters",[60,1448,117],{"class":74},[60,1450,121],{"class":120},[60,1452,124],{"class":74},[60,1454,79],{"class":78},[60,1456,1457],{"class":82},"z",[60,1459,79],{"class":78},[60,1461,174],{"class":74},[60,1463,1464],{"class":177},"   # safe\n",[60,1466,1467,1469,1471,1473],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1468,140],{"class":139},[60,1470,124],{"class":74},[60,1472,1446],{"class":120},[60,1474,133],{"class":74},[20,1476,1477,1478,1481,1482,117],{},"If you use ",[15,1479,1480],{},"remove(\"z\")",", Python raises a ",[15,1483,453],{},[337,1485,1487,1488,1490],{"id":1486},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set","Trying to use ",[15,1489,17],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,1492,1493,1495],{},[15,1494,17],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,1497,1498],{},"Wrong:",[51,1500,1502],{"className":53,"code":1501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,1503,1504,1526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1505,1506,1508,1510,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1507,486],{"class":66},[60,1509,71],{"class":70},[60,1511,1512],{"class":74}," [",[60,1514,358],{"class":357},[60,1516,88],{"class":74},[60,1518,363],{"class":357},[60,1520,88],{"class":74},[60,1522,368],{"class":357},[60,1524,1525],{"class":74},"]\n",[60,1527,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1529,517],{"class":66},[60,1531,117],{"class":74},[60,1533,121],{"class":120},[60,1535,124],{"class":74},[60,1537,1303],{"class":357},[60,1539,133],{"class":74},[20,1541,1542,1543,258],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,1544,17],{},[51,1546,1548],{"className":53,"code":1547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,1549,1550,1570,1584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1551,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1553,486],{"class":66},[60,1555,71],{"class":70},[60,1557,75],{"class":74},[60,1559,358],{"class":357},[60,1561,88],{"class":74},[60,1563,363],{"class":357},[60,1565,88],{"class":74},[60,1567,368],{"class":357},[60,1569,108],{"class":74},[60,1571,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1573,517],{"class":66},[60,1575,117],{"class":74},[60,1577,121],{"class":120},[60,1579,124],{"class":74},[60,1581,1303],{"class":357},[60,1583,133],{"class":74},[60,1585,1586,1588,1590,1592],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1587,140],{"class":139},[60,1589,124],{"class":74},[60,1591,517],{"class":120},[60,1593,133],{"class":74},[337,1595,1597],{"id":1596},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,1599,1600],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,1602,1603],{},"This causes an error:",[51,1605,1607],{"className":53,"code":1606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,1608,1609,1630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1610,1611,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1612,1613],{"class":66},"data ",[60,1615,71],{"class":70},[60,1617,75],{"class":74},[60,1619,358],{"class":357},[60,1621,88],{"class":74},[60,1623,363],{"class":357},[60,1625,88],{"class":74},[60,1627,368],{"class":357},[60,1629,108],{"class":74},[60,1631,1632,1635,1637,1639,1642,1644],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1633,1634],{"class":66},"data",[60,1636,117],{"class":74},[60,1638,121],{"class":120},[60,1640,1641],{"class":74},"([",[60,1643,1303],{"class":357},[60,1645,1646],{"class":74},"])\n",[20,1648,1649],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[46,1651,1653],{"id":1652},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,1655,1656,1657,1659],{},"If ",[15,1658,17],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,1661,1663],{"className":53,"code":1662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,1664,1665,1675,1692,1709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1666,1667,1669,1671,1673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1668,140],{"class":139},[60,1670,124],{"class":74},[60,1672,306],{"class":120},[60,1674,133],{"class":74},[60,1676,1677,1679,1681,1685,1687,1689],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1678,140],{"class":139},[60,1680,124],{"class":74},[60,1682,1684],{"class":1683},"sZMiF","type",[60,1686,124],{"class":74},[60,1688,306],{"class":120},[60,1690,1691],{"class":74},"))\n",[60,1693,1694,1696,1698,1701,1704,1707],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1695,140],{"class":139},[60,1697,124],{"class":74},[60,1699,1700],{"class":120},"value ",[60,1702,1703],{"class":1153},"in",[60,1705,1706],{"class":120}," my_set",[60,1708,133],{"class":74},[60,1710,1711,1714,1716,1719,1721,1724],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,1712,1713],{"class":139},"help",[60,1715,124],{"class":74},[60,1717,1718],{"class":1683},"set",[60,1720,117],{"class":74},[60,1722,121],{"class":1723},"skxfh",[60,1725,133],{"class":74},[20,1727,1728],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[260,1730,1731,1734,1737,1740],{},[263,1732,1733],{},"What is currently in the set",[263,1735,1736],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[263,1738,1739],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[263,1741,1742],{},"How Python documents the method",[46,1744,1746],{"id":1745},"faq","FAQ",[337,1748,1750],{"id":1749},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,1752,1753,1754,1756],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,1755,17],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[337,1758,1760,1761,1763],{"id":1759},"what-does-setdiscard-return","What does ",[15,1762,24],{}," return?",[20,1765,1766,1767,1769],{},"It returns ",[15,1768,277],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[337,1771,1773,1774,1776,1777,1779],{"id":1772},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove","What is the difference between ",[15,1775,17],{}," and ",[15,1778,447],{},"?",[20,1781,1782,1783,1785,1786,1788,1789,1791],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,1784,447],{}," raises ",[15,1787,453],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,1790,17],{}," does not.",[337,1793,1795,1796,1798],{"id":1794},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries","Can I use ",[15,1797,17],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,1800,1801,1802,1804],{},"No. ",[15,1803,17],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[46,1806,1808],{"id":1807},"see-also","See also",[260,1810,1811,1819,1825,1830,1835],{},[263,1812,1813],{},[30,1814,1815,1816,1818],{"href":32},"Python set ",[15,1817,447],{}," method",[263,1820,1821],{},[30,1822,1815,1823,1818],{"href":459},[15,1824,462],{},[263,1826,1827],{},[30,1828,1829],{"href":291},"Python set: creating a set",[263,1831,1832],{},[30,1833,1834],{"href":286},"What is a set in Python?",[263,1836,1837],{},[30,1838,1839],{"href":630},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1841,1842,1843],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":1845},[1846,1847,1849,1852,1857,1858,1859,1860,1862,1871,1872,1881],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":249,"depth":111,"text":1848},"What set.discard() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":1850},[1851],{"id":339,"depth":136,"text":340},{"id":428,"depth":111,"text":1853,"children":1854},"What makes discard() different",[1855],{"id":471,"depth":136,"text":1856},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":635,"depth":111,"text":636},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":1021,"depth":111,"text":1022},{"id":1219,"depth":111,"text":1861},"When to use discard()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":1863},[1864,1866,1868,1870],{"id":1253,"depth":136,"text":1865},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":1390,"depth":136,"text":1867},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":1486,"depth":136,"text":1869},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":1596,"depth":136,"text":1597},{"id":1652,"depth":111,"text":1653},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":1873},[1874,1875,1877,1879],{"id":1749,"depth":136,"text":1750},{"id":1759,"depth":136,"text":1876},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":1772,"depth":136,"text":1878},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":1794,"depth":136,"text":1880},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":5,"description":1882},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",[1890,3483,5186,6884,9019,11211,12721,14894,17099,19556,21393,23956,26053,28333,30280,32190,34186,35625,37449,39974,42134,43363,44734,46380,48701,50545,52527,54220,55472,57166,58917,60889,62639,64739,66099,68050,69613,71604,73399,75299,77741,79819,82459,84488,86451,88639,90643,92956,94638,96083,97272,98447,100285,102724,104299,106314,107838,109083,110246,111628,113699,115596,117370,119236,121355,123095,124557,126151,128074,129751,131686,133175,135959,137536,139095,141123,143075,144538,145727,147613,149024,150720,152274,153696,155099,156997,159391,161222],{"id":1891,"title":1892,"body":1893,"description":3477,"extension":1883,"meta":3478,"navigation":152,"path":3479,"seo":3480,"stem":3481,"__hash__":3482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1894,"toc":3449},[1895,1898,1905,1908,1919,1922,1924,1988,1990,2010,2015,2019,2024,2027,2043,2046,2072,2075,2077,2080,2096,2099,2125,2128,2186,2188,2203,2213,2224,2228,2231,2285,2287,2307,2310,2333,2340,2344,2349,2355,2357,2392,2394,2403,2409,2427,2430,2442,2446,2451,2455,2458,2479,2481,2539,2541,2549,2552,2556,2588,2590,2598,2601,2605,2610,2658,2660,2668,2672,2732,2734,2742,2745,2747,2751,2753,2776,2785,2800,2851,2853,2868,2879,2883,2886,2914,2921,2925,2930,2971,2973,2984,2987,3030,3032,3040,3044,3049,3071,3073,3082,3091,3095,3100,3122,3124,3194,3196,3246,3249,3252,3255,3335,3337,3368,3370,3374,3377,3381,3384,3388,3391,3395,3407,3411,3414,3416,3446],[10,1896,1892],{"id":1897},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1899,1900,1901,1904],{},"The ",[15,1902,1903],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1906,1907],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[260,1909,1910,1913,1916],{},[263,1911,1912],{},"a number without its negative sign",[263,1914,1915],{},"the distance between two numbers",[263,1917,1918],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1920,1921],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[46,1923,49],{"id":48},[51,1925,1927],{"className":53,"code":1926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1928,1929,1948,1963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1930,1931,1933,1935,1938,1940,1943,1946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1932,140],{"class":139},[60,1934,124],{"class":74},[60,1936,1937],{"class":139},"abs",[60,1939,124],{"class":74},[60,1941,1942],{"class":70},"-",[60,1944,1945],{"class":357},"7",[60,1947,1691],{"class":74},[60,1949,1950,1952,1954,1956,1958,1961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1951,140],{"class":139},[60,1953,124],{"class":74},[60,1955,1937],{"class":139},[60,1957,124],{"class":74},[60,1959,1960],{"class":357},"3.5",[60,1962,1691],{"class":74},[60,1964,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1980,1982,1986],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,1966,140],{"class":139},[60,1968,124],{"class":74},[60,1970,1937],{"class":139},[60,1972,124],{"class":74},[60,1974,1942],{"class":70},[60,1976,1303],{"class":357},[60,1978,1979],{"class":70},"+",[60,1981,389],{"class":357},[60,1983,1985],{"class":1984},"sbsja","j",[60,1987,1691],{"class":74},[20,1989,404],{},[51,1991,1993],{"className":53,"code":1992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1994,1995,2000,2005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1996,1997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1998,1999],{"class":357},"7\n",[60,2001,2002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2003,2004],{"class":357},"3.5\n",[60,2006,2007],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2008,2009],{"class":357},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2011,243,2012,2014],{},[15,2013,1903],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[46,2016,2018],{"id":2017},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2020,2021,2023],{},[15,2022,1903],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2025,2026],{},"That means:",[260,2028,2029,2032,2035],{},[263,2030,2031],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[263,2033,2034],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[263,2036,2037,2040,2041],{},[15,2038,2039],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2042,2039],{},[20,2044,2045],{},"Examples:",[260,2047,2048,2057,2065],{},[263,2049,2050,2053,2054],{},[15,2051,2052],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2055,2056],{},"5",[263,2058,2059,2053,2062],{},[15,2060,2061],{},"abs(9)",[15,2063,2064],{},"9",[263,2066,2067,2053,2070],{},[15,2068,2069],{},"abs(0)",[15,2071,2039],{},[20,2073,2074],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[46,2076,296],{"id":295},[20,2078,2079],{},"The syntax is:",[51,2081,2083],{"className":53,"code":2082,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(x)\n",[15,2084,2085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2086,2087,2089,2091,2094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2088,1937],{"class":139},[60,2090,124],{"class":74},[60,2092,2093],{"class":120},"x",[60,2095,133],{"class":74},[20,2097,2098],{},"Here:",[260,2100,2101,2117,2122],{},[263,2102,2103,2105,2106,36,2109,2112,2113,2116],{},[15,2104,2093],{}," is usually an ",[15,2107,2108],{},"int",[15,2110,2111],{},"float",", or ",[15,2114,2115],{},"complex"," number",[263,2118,2119,2121],{},[15,2120,1903],{}," returns a new value",[263,2123,2124],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2126,2127],{},"Example:",[51,2129,2131],{"className":53,"code":2130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2132,2133,2146,2162,2166,2176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2134,2135,2138,2140,2143],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2136,2137],{"class":66},"number ",[60,2139,71],{"class":70},[60,2141,2142],{"class":70}," -",[60,2144,2145],{"class":357},"12\n",[60,2147,2148,2150,2152,2155,2157,2160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2149,688],{"class":66},[60,2151,71],{"class":70},[60,2153,2154],{"class":139}," abs",[60,2156,124],{"class":74},[60,2158,2159],{"class":120},"number",[60,2161,133],{"class":74},[60,2163,2164],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2165,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,2167,2168,2170,2172,2174],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,2169,140],{"class":139},[60,2171,124],{"class":74},[60,2173,2159],{"class":120},[60,2175,133],{"class":74},[60,2177,2178,2180,2182,2184],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,2179,140],{"class":139},[60,2181,124],{"class":74},[60,2183,720],{"class":120},[60,2185,133],{"class":74},[20,2187,404],{},[51,2189,2191],{"className":53,"code":2190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-12\n12\n",[15,2192,2193,2199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2194,2195,2197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2196,1942],{"class":70},[60,2198,2145],{"class":357},[60,2200,2201],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2202,2145],{"class":357},[20,2204,2205,2206,2208,2209,2212],{},"Notice that ",[15,2207,2159],{}," is still ",[15,2210,2211],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2214,2215,2216,2223],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[30,2217,2219,2222],{"href":2218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2220,2221],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[46,2225,2227],{"id":2226},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2229,2230],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[51,2232,2234],{"className":53,"code":2233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2235,2236,2253,2268],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2237,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2239,140],{"class":139},[60,2241,124],{"class":74},[60,2243,1937],{"class":139},[60,2245,124],{"class":74},[60,2247,1942],{"class":70},[60,2249,2250],{"class":357},"10",[60,2252,1691],{"class":74},[60,2254,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2266],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2256,140],{"class":139},[60,2258,124],{"class":74},[60,2260,1937],{"class":139},[60,2262,124],{"class":74},[60,2264,2265],{"class":357},"8",[60,2267,1691],{"class":74},[60,2269,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280,2283],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2271,140],{"class":139},[60,2273,124],{"class":74},[60,2275,1937],{"class":139},[60,2277,124],{"class":74},[60,2279,1942],{"class":70},[60,2281,2282],{"class":357},"4.2",[60,2284,1691],{"class":74},[20,2286,404],{},[51,2288,2290],{"className":53,"code":2289,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2291,2292,2297,2302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2293,2294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2295,2296],{"class":357},"10\n",[60,2298,2299],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2300,2301],{"class":357},"8\n",[60,2303,2304],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2305,2306],{"class":357},"4.2\n",[20,2308,2309],{},"What each line does:",[260,2311,2312,2319,2326],{},[263,2313,2314,641,2317],{},[15,2315,2316],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2318,2250],{},[263,2320,2321,641,2324],{},[15,2322,2323],{},"abs(8)",[15,2325,2265],{},[263,2327,2328,641,2331],{},[15,2329,2330],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2332,2282],{},[20,2334,2335,2336,117],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[30,2337,2339],{"href":2338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[46,2341,2343],{"id":2342},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2345,2346,2348],{},[15,2347,1903],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2350,2351,2352,2354],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2353,2039],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2356,2127],{},[51,2358,2360],{"className":53,"code":2359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2361,2362,2378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2363,2364,2366,2368,2370,2373,2375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2365,1700],{"class":66},[60,2367,71],{"class":70},[60,2369,368],{"class":357},[60,2371,2372],{"class":70}," +",[60,2374,373],{"class":357},[60,2376,2377],{"class":1984},"j\n",[60,2379,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2381,140],{"class":139},[60,2383,124],{"class":74},[60,2385,1937],{"class":139},[60,2387,124],{"class":74},[60,2389,315],{"class":120},[60,2391,1691],{"class":74},[20,2393,404],{},[51,2395,2397],{"className":53,"code":2396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n",[15,2398,2399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2400,2401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2402,2396],{"class":357},[20,2404,2405,2406,1779],{},"Why ",[15,2407,2408],{},"5.0",[260,2410,2411,2416,2422],{},[263,2412,2413,2414],{},"the real part is ",[15,2415,389],{},[263,2417,2418,2419],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2420,2421],{},"4",[263,2423,2424,2425],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2426,2408],{},[20,2428,2429],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[260,2431,2432,2439],{},[263,2433,2434,2436,2437],{},[15,2435,1903],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2438,2111],{},[263,2440,2441],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[46,2443,2445],{"id":2444},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2447,2448,2449,117],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2450,1903],{},[337,2452,2454],{"id":2453},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2456,2457],{},"A very common pattern is:",[51,2459,2461],{"className":53,"code":2460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2462,2463],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2464,2465,2467,2469,2472,2474,2477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2466,1937],{"class":139},[60,2468,124],{"class":74},[60,2470,2471],{"class":120},"a ",[60,2473,1942],{"class":70},[60,2475,2476],{"class":120}," b",[60,2478,133],{"class":74},[20,2480,2127],{},[51,2482,2484],{"className":53,"code":2483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2485,2486,2495,2505,2509,2528],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2487,2488,2490,2492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2489,2471],{"class":66},[60,2491,71],{"class":70},[60,2493,2494],{"class":357}," 3\n",[60,2496,2497,2500,2502],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2498,2499],{"class":66},"b ",[60,2501,71],{"class":70},[60,2503,2504],{"class":357}," 10\n",[60,2506,2507],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2508,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,2510,2511,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,2512,2513],{"class":66},"distance ",[60,2515,71],{"class":70},[60,2517,2154],{"class":139},[60,2519,124],{"class":74},[60,2521,2471],{"class":120},[60,2523,1942],{"class":70},[60,2525,2476],{"class":120},[60,2527,133],{"class":74},[60,2529,2530,2532,2534,2537],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,2531,140],{"class":139},[60,2533,124],{"class":74},[60,2535,2536],{"class":120},"distance",[60,2538,133],{"class":74},[20,2540,404],{},[51,2542,2543],{"className":53,"code":1999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2544,2545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2546,2547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2548,1999],{"class":357},[20,2550,2551],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[337,2553,2555],{"id":2554},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[51,2557,2559],{"className":53,"code":2558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2560,2561,2573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2562,2563,2566,2568,2570],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2564,2565],{"class":66},"temperature_change ",[60,2567,71],{"class":70},[60,2569,2142],{"class":70},[60,2571,2572],{"class":357},"6\n",[60,2574,2575,2577,2579,2581,2583,2586],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2576,140],{"class":139},[60,2578,124],{"class":74},[60,2580,1937],{"class":139},[60,2582,124],{"class":74},[60,2584,2585],{"class":120},"temperature_change",[60,2587,1691],{"class":74},[20,2589,404],{},[51,2591,2592],{"className":53,"code":2572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2593,2594],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2595,2596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2597,2572],{"class":357},[20,2599,2600],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[337,2602,2604],{"id":2603},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2606,2607,2608,2223],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2609,1903],{},[51,2611,2613],{"className":53,"code":2612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2614,2615,2627,2643,2647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2616,2617,2620,2622,2624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2618,2619],{"class":66},"balance_change ",[60,2621,71],{"class":70},[60,2623,2142],{"class":70},[60,2625,2626],{"class":357},"25\n",[60,2628,2629,2632,2634,2636,2638,2641],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2630,2631],{"class":66},"safe_value ",[60,2633,71],{"class":70},[60,2635,2154],{"class":139},[60,2637,124],{"class":74},[60,2639,2640],{"class":120},"balance_change",[60,2642,133],{"class":74},[60,2644,2645],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2646,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,2648,2649,2651,2653,2656],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,2650,140],{"class":139},[60,2652,124],{"class":74},[60,2654,2655],{"class":120},"safe_value",[60,2657,133],{"class":74},[20,2659,404],{},[51,2661,2662],{"className":53,"code":2626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2663,2664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2665,2666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2667,2626],{"class":357},[337,2669,2671],{"id":2670},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[51,2673,2675],{"className":53,"code":2674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2676,2677,2687,2697,2701,2721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2678,2679,2682,2684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2680,2681],{"class":66},"guess ",[60,2683,71],{"class":70},[60,2685,2686],{"class":357}," 42\n",[60,2688,2689,2692,2694],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2690,2691],{"class":66},"target ",[60,2693,71],{"class":70},[60,2695,2696],{"class":357}," 50\n",[60,2698,2699],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2700,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,2702,2703,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716,2719],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,2704,2705],{"class":66},"difference ",[60,2707,71],{"class":70},[60,2709,2154],{"class":139},[60,2711,124],{"class":74},[60,2713,2681],{"class":120},[60,2715,1942],{"class":70},[60,2717,2718],{"class":120}," target",[60,2720,133],{"class":74},[60,2722,2723,2725,2727,2730],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,2724,140],{"class":139},[60,2726,124],{"class":74},[60,2728,2729],{"class":120},"difference",[60,2731,133],{"class":74},[20,2733,404],{},[51,2735,2736],{"className":53,"code":2301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,2737,2738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2739,2740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2741,2301],{"class":357},[20,2743,2744],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[46,2746,1245],{"id":1244},[337,2748,2750],{"id":2749},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2752,1603],{},[51,2754,2756],{"className":53,"code":2755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2757,2758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2759,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2761,140],{"class":139},[60,2763,124],{"class":74},[60,2765,1937],{"class":139},[60,2767,124],{"class":74},[60,2769,79],{"class":78},[60,2771,2056],{"class":82},[60,2773,79],{"class":78},[60,2775,1691],{"class":74},[20,2777,2778,2781,2782,2784],{},[15,2779,2780],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2783,1903],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2786,2787,2788,288,2794,258],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[30,2789,2791],{"href":2790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2792,2793],{},"int()",[30,2795,2797],{"href":2796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2798,2799],{},"float()",[51,2801,2803],{"className":53,"code":2802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2804,2805,2828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2806,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2808,140],{"class":139},[60,2810,124],{"class":74},[60,2812,1937],{"class":139},[60,2814,124],{"class":74},[60,2816,2108],{"class":1683},[60,2818,124],{"class":74},[60,2820,79],{"class":78},[60,2822,2056],{"class":82},[60,2824,79],{"class":78},[60,2826,2827],{"class":74},")))\n",[60,2829,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2847,2849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2831,140],{"class":139},[60,2833,124],{"class":74},[60,2835,1937],{"class":139},[60,2837,124],{"class":74},[60,2839,2111],{"class":1683},[60,2841,124],{"class":74},[60,2843,79],{"class":78},[60,2845,2846],{"class":82},"-3.2",[60,2848,79],{"class":78},[60,2850,2827],{"class":74},[20,2852,404],{},[51,2854,2856],{"className":53,"code":2855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2857,2858,2863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2859,2860],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2861,2862],{"class":357},"5\n",[60,2864,2865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2866,2867],{"class":357},"3.2\n",[20,2869,2870,2871,2874,2875,117],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2872,2873],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[30,2876,2878],{"href":2877},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[337,2880,2882],{"id":2881},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2884,2885],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[51,2887,2889],{"className":53,"code":2888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2890,2891],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2892,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907,2909,2911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2894,140],{"class":139},[60,2896,124],{"class":74},[60,2898,1937],{"class":139},[60,2900,1641],{"class":74},[60,2902,358],{"class":357},[60,2904,88],{"class":74},[60,2906,363],{"class":357},[60,2908,88],{"class":74},[60,2910,368],{"class":357},[60,2912,2913],{"class":74},"]))\n",[20,2915,2916,2917,2920],{},"This raises a ",[15,2918,2919],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[337,2922,2924],{"id":2923},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2926,2927,2929],{},[15,2928,1903],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[51,2931,2933],{"className":53,"code":2932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2934,2935,2947,2957,2961],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2936,2937,2940,2942,2944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2938,2939],{"class":66},"x ",[60,2941,71],{"class":70},[60,2943,2142],{"class":70},[60,2945,2946],{"class":357},"9\n",[60,2948,2949,2951,2953,2955],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2950,1937],{"class":139},[60,2952,124],{"class":74},[60,2954,2093],{"class":120},[60,2956,133],{"class":74},[60,2958,2959],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,2960,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,2962,2963,2965,2967,2969],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,2964,140],{"class":139},[60,2966,124],{"class":74},[60,2968,2093],{"class":120},[60,2970,133],{"class":74},[20,2972,404],{},[51,2974,2976],{"className":53,"code":2975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-9\n",[15,2977,2978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2979,2980,2982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2981,1942],{"class":70},[60,2983,2946],{"class":357},[20,2985,2986],{},"If you want to store the result:",[51,2988,2990],{"className":53,"code":2989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2991,2992,3002,3016,3020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2995,2939],{"class":66},[60,2997,71],{"class":70},[60,2999,2142],{"class":70},[60,3001,2946],{"class":357},[60,3003,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3005,2939],{"class":66},[60,3007,71],{"class":70},[60,3009,2154],{"class":139},[60,3011,124],{"class":74},[60,3013,2093],{"class":120},[60,3015,133],{"class":74},[60,3017,3018],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3019,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,3023,140],{"class":139},[60,3025,124],{"class":74},[60,3027,2093],{"class":120},[60,3029,133],{"class":74},[20,3031,404],{},[51,3033,3034],{"className":53,"code":2946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3035,3036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3037,3038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3039,2946],{"class":357},[337,3041,3043],{"id":3042},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3045,3046,3048],{},[15,3047,1903],{}," does not round numbers.",[51,3050,3052],{"className":53,"code":3051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3053,3054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3055,3056,3058,3060,3062,3064,3066,3069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3057,140],{"class":139},[60,3059,124],{"class":74},[60,3061,1937],{"class":139},[60,3063,124],{"class":74},[60,3065,1942],{"class":70},[60,3067,3068],{"class":357},"4.7",[60,3070,1691],{"class":74},[20,3072,404],{},[51,3074,3076],{"className":53,"code":3075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.7\n",[15,3077,3078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3079,3080],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3081,3075],{"class":357},[20,3083,3084,3085,3087,3088,3090],{},"If you expected ",[15,3086,2056],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3089,1903],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[46,3092,3094],{"id":3093},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3096,3097,3099],{},[15,3098,1903],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[260,3101,3102,3109,3116],{},[263,3103,3104,3106,3107],{},[15,3105,2108],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3108,2108],{},[263,3110,3111,3113,3114],{},[15,3112,2111],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3115,2111],{},[263,3117,3118,3113,3120],{},[15,3119,2115],{},[15,3121,2111],{},[20,3123,2127],{},[51,3125,3127],{"className":53,"code":3126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3128,3129,3149,3170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3130,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3132,140],{"class":139},[60,3134,124],{"class":74},[60,3136,1684],{"class":1683},[60,3138,124],{"class":74},[60,3140,1937],{"class":139},[60,3142,124],{"class":74},[60,3144,1942],{"class":70},[60,3146,2056],{"class":357},[60,3148,2827],{"class":74},[60,3150,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3161,3163,3165,3168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3152,140],{"class":139},[60,3154,124],{"class":74},[60,3156,1684],{"class":1683},[60,3158,124],{"class":74},[60,3160,1937],{"class":139},[60,3162,124],{"class":74},[60,3164,1942],{"class":70},[60,3166,3167],{"class":357},"3.2",[60,3169,2827],{"class":74},[60,3171,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3173,140],{"class":139},[60,3175,124],{"class":74},[60,3177,1684],{"class":1683},[60,3179,124],{"class":74},[60,3181,1937],{"class":139},[60,3183,124],{"class":74},[60,3185,389],{"class":357},[60,3187,2372],{"class":70},[60,3189,373],{"class":357},[60,3191,1985],{"class":1984},[60,3193,2827],{"class":74},[20,3195,404],{},[51,3197,3199],{"className":53,"code":3198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3200,3201,3218,3232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3202,3203,3206,3209,3211,3213,3215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3204,3205],{"class":70},"\u003C",[60,3207,3208],{"class":1984},"class",[60,3210,214],{"class":78},[60,3212,2108],{"class":82},[60,3214,205],{"class":78},[60,3216,3217],{"class":70},">\n",[60,3219,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228,3230],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3221,3205],{"class":70},[60,3223,3208],{"class":1984},[60,3225,214],{"class":78},[60,3227,2111],{"class":82},[60,3229,205],{"class":78},[60,3231,3217],{"class":70},[60,3233,3234,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3235,3205],{"class":70},[60,3237,3208],{"class":1984},[60,3239,214],{"class":78},[60,3241,2111],{"class":82},[60,3243,205],{"class":78},[60,3245,3217],{"class":70},[20,3247,3248],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3250,3251],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3253,3254],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[51,3256,3258],{"className":53,"code":3257,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3259,3260,3274,3284,3298,3302,3316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3261,3262,3264,3266,3268,3271],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3263,1700],{"class":66},[60,3265,71],{"class":70},[60,3267,91],{"class":78},[60,3269,3270],{"class":82},"-5",[60,3272,3273],{"class":78},"\"\n",[60,3275,3276,3278,3280,3282],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3277,140],{"class":139},[60,3279,124],{"class":74},[60,3281,315],{"class":120},[60,3283,133],{"class":74},[60,3285,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3287,140],{"class":139},[60,3289,124],{"class":74},[60,3291,1684],{"class":1683},[60,3293,124],{"class":74},[60,3295,315],{"class":120},[60,3297,1691],{"class":74},[60,3299,3300],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,3301,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,3303,3304,3307,3309,3311,3314],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,3305,3306],{"class":66},"user_input ",[60,3308,71],{"class":70},[60,3310,91],{"class":78},[60,3312,3313],{"class":82},"-3.7",[60,3315,3273],{"class":78},[60,3317,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330,3333],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,3319,140],{"class":139},[60,3321,124],{"class":74},[60,3323,1937],{"class":139},[60,3325,124],{"class":74},[60,3327,2111],{"class":1683},[60,3329,124],{"class":74},[60,3331,3332],{"class":120},"user_input",[60,3334,2827],{"class":74},[20,3336,404],{},[51,3338,3340],{"className":53,"code":3339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3341,3342,3348,3363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3343,3344,3346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3345,1942],{"class":70},[60,3347,2862],{"class":357},[60,3349,3350,3352,3354,3356,3359,3361],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3351,3205],{"class":70},[60,3353,3208],{"class":1984},[60,3355,214],{"class":78},[60,3357,3358],{"class":82},"str",[60,3360,205],{"class":78},[60,3362,3217],{"class":70},[60,3364,3365],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3366,3367],{"class":357},"3.7\n",[46,3369,1746],{"id":1745},[337,3371,3373],{"id":3372},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3375,3376],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[337,3378,3380],{"id":3379},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3382,3383],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[337,3385,3387],{"id":3386},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3389,3390],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[337,3392,3394],{"id":3393},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3396,3397,3399,3400,288,3402,3404,3405,117],{},[15,3398,2873],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3401,2793],{},[15,3403,2799],{}," before using ",[15,3406,1903],{},[337,3408,3410],{"id":3409},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3412,3413],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[46,3415,1808],{"id":1807},[260,3417,3418,3425,3431,3437,3442],{},[263,3419,3420],{},[30,3421,3422,3424],{"href":2790},[15,3423,2793],{}," function explained",[263,3426,3427],{},[30,3428,3429,3424],{"href":2796},[15,3430,2799],{},[263,3432,3433],{},[30,3434,3435,3424],{"href":2218},[15,3436,2221],{},[263,3438,3439],{},[30,3440,3441],{"href":2877},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[263,3443,3444],{},[30,3445,2339],{"href":2338},[1841,3447,3448],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":3450},[3451,3452,3453,3454,3455,3456,3462,3468,3469,3476],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":2017,"depth":111,"text":2018},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":2226,"depth":111,"text":2227},{"id":2342,"depth":111,"text":2343},{"id":2444,"depth":111,"text":2445,"children":3457},[3458,3459,3460,3461],{"id":2453,"depth":136,"text":2454},{"id":2554,"depth":136,"text":2555},{"id":2603,"depth":136,"text":2604},{"id":2670,"depth":136,"text":2671},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":3463},[3464,3465,3466,3467],{"id":2749,"depth":136,"text":2750},{"id":2881,"depth":136,"text":2882},{"id":2923,"depth":136,"text":2924},{"id":3042,"depth":136,"text":3043},{"id":3093,"depth":111,"text":3094},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":3470},[3471,3472,3473,3474,3475],{"id":3372,"depth":136,"text":3373},{"id":3379,"depth":136,"text":3380},{"id":3386,"depth":136,"text":3387},{"id":3393,"depth":136,"text":3394},{"id":3409,"depth":136,"text":3410},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1892,"description":3477},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3484,"title":3485,"body":3486,"description":5180,"extension":1883,"meta":5181,"navigation":152,"path":5182,"seo":5183,"stem":5184,"__hash__":5185},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3487,"toc":5144},[3488,3496,3502,3505,3522,3526,3579,3589,3594,3598,3617,3620,3637,3640,3644,3652,3669,3672,3711,3714,3721,3727,3801,3803,3835,3841,3845,3849,3888,3890,3899,3906,3910,3949,3951,3960,3970,3974,4028,4030,4038,4041,4044,4091,4093,4101,4107,4114,4119,4122,4125,4191,4193,4201,4204,4271,4273,4281,4295,4298,4309,4313,4319,4322,4324,4340,4342,4350,4353,4356,4359,4376,4379,4382,4412,4414,4427,4431,4435,4437,4452,4457,4460,4487,4494,4497,4537,4543,4549,4557,4560,4612,4619,4683,4688,4697,4700,4718,4724,4727,4869,4874,4879,4882,4893,4896,4952,4954,4962,4965,5024,5026,5034,5037,5048,5050,5056,5064,5073,5076,5083,5086,5094,5107,5109,5141],[10,3489,3491,3492,3495],{"id":3490},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3493,3494],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3497,3498,3499,3501],{},"Python’s ",[15,3500,3494],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3503,3504],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[260,3506,3507,3510,3513],{},[263,3508,3509],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[263,3511,3512],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[263,3514,3515,641,3518,3521],{},[15,3516,3517],{},"all([])",[15,3519,3520],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[46,3523,3525],{"id":3524},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[51,3527,3529],{"className":53,"code":3528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3530,3531,3551,3566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3532,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3534,350],{"class":66},[60,3536,71],{"class":70},[60,3538,1512],{"class":74},[60,3540,358],{"class":357},[60,3542,88],{"class":74},[60,3544,363],{"class":357},[60,3546,88],{"class":74},[60,3548,368],{"class":357},[60,3550,1525],{"class":74},[60,3552,3553,3555,3557,3560,3562,3564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3554,688],{"class":66},[60,3556,71],{"class":70},[60,3558,3559],{"class":139}," all",[60,3561,124],{"class":74},[60,3563,380],{"class":120},[60,3565,133],{"class":74},[60,3567,3568,3570,3572,3574,3576],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3569,140],{"class":139},[60,3571,124],{"class":74},[60,3573,720],{"class":120},[60,3575,174],{"class":74},[60,3577,3578],{"class":177},"  # True\n",[20,3580,3581,641,3583,3585,3586,117],{},[15,3582,3494],{},[15,3584,3520],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3587,3588],{},"False",[46,3590,250,3592,253],{"id":3591},"what-all-does",[15,3593,3494],{},[20,3595,3596,258],{},[15,3597,3494],{},[260,3599,3600,3603,3609,3614],{},[263,3601,3602],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[263,3604,3605,3606,3608],{},"returns ",[15,3607,3520],{}," if all items are truthy",[263,3610,3605,3611,3613],{},[15,3612,3588],{}," if any item is falsy",[263,3615,3616],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3618,3619],{},"Basic syntax:",[51,3621,3623],{"className":53,"code":3622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3624,3625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3626,3627,3630,3632,3635],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3628,3629],{"class":139},"all",[60,3631,124],{"class":74},[60,3633,3634],{"class":120},"iterable",[60,3636,133],{"class":74},[20,3638,3639],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[46,3641,3643],{"id":3642},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3645,3646,3647,288,3649,3651],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3648,3520],{},[15,3650,3588],{}," in conditions.",[260,3653,3654,3662],{},[263,3655,3656,3659,3660],{},[41,3657,3658],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3661,3520],{},[263,3663,3664,3659,3667],{},[41,3665,3666],{},"Falsy",[15,3668,3588],{},[20,3670,3671],{},"Common falsy values include:",[260,3673,3674,3678,3683,3688,3692,3696,3701,3706],{},[263,3675,3676],{},[15,3677,2039],{},[263,3679,3680],{},[15,3681,3682],{},"0.0",[263,3684,3685],{},[15,3686,3687],{},"''",[263,3689,3690],{},[15,3691,277],{},[263,3693,3694],{},[15,3695,3588],{},[263,3697,3698],{},[15,3699,3700],{},"[]",[263,3702,3703],{},[15,3704,3705],{},"{}",[263,3707,3708],{},[15,3709,3710],{},"set()",[20,3712,3713],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3715,3716,3717,117],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[30,3718,3720],{"href":3719},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3722,3723,3724,258],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3725,3726],{},"bool()",[51,3728,3730],{"className":53,"code":3729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3731,3732,3769,3773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3733,3734,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3748,3750,3753,3755,3757,3760,3762,3764,3767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3735,3736],{"class":66},"values ",[60,3738,71],{"class":70},[60,3740,1512],{"class":74},[60,3742,358],{"class":357},[60,3744,88],{"class":74},[60,3746,3747],{"class":357}," 0",[60,3749,88],{"class":74},[60,3751,3752],{"class":78}," ''",[60,3754,88],{"class":74},[60,3756,214],{"class":78},[60,3758,3759],{"class":82},"hello",[60,3761,205],{"class":78},[60,3763,88],{"class":74},[60,3765,3766],{"class":734}," None",[60,3768,1525],{"class":74},[60,3770,3771],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3772,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,3774,3775,3777,3779,3782,3784,3786,3788,3791,3794,3796,3799],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,3776,140],{"class":139},[60,3778,1641],{"class":74},[60,3780,3781],{"class":1683},"bool",[60,3783,124],{"class":74},[60,3785,2093],{"class":120},[60,3787,174],{"class":74},[60,3789,3790],{"class":1153}," for",[60,3792,3793],{"class":120}," x ",[60,3795,1703],{"class":1153},[60,3797,3798],{"class":120}," values",[60,3800,1646],{"class":74},[20,3802,404],{},[51,3804,3806],{"className":53,"code":3805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3807,3808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3809,3810,3813,3815,3817,3820,3822,3824,3826,3829,3831,3833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3811,3812],{"class":74},"[",[60,3814,3520],{"class":734},[60,3816,88],{"class":74},[60,3818,3819],{"class":734}," False",[60,3821,88],{"class":74},[60,3823,3819],{"class":734},[60,3825,88],{"class":74},[60,3827,3828],{"class":734}," True",[60,3830,88],{"class":74},[60,3832,3819],{"class":734},[60,3834,1525],{"class":74},[20,3836,3837,3838,3840],{},"This matters because ",[15,3839,3494],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[46,3842,3844],{"id":3843},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[337,3846,3848],{"id":3847},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[51,3850,3852],{"className":53,"code":3851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3853,3854,3874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3855,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3857,350],{"class":66},[60,3859,71],{"class":70},[60,3861,1512],{"class":74},[60,3863,358],{"class":357},[60,3865,88],{"class":74},[60,3867,363],{"class":357},[60,3869,88],{"class":74},[60,3871,368],{"class":357},[60,3873,1525],{"class":74},[60,3875,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3877,140],{"class":139},[60,3879,124],{"class":74},[60,3881,3629],{"class":139},[60,3883,124],{"class":74},[60,3885,380],{"class":120},[60,3887,1691],{"class":74},[20,3889,404],{},[51,3891,3893],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n",[15,3894,3895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3896,3897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3898,3892],{"class":734},[20,3900,3901,3902,641,3904,117],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3903,3494],{},[15,3905,3520],{},[337,3907,3909],{"id":3908},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[51,3911,3913],{"className":53,"code":3912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3914,3915,3935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3916,3917,3919,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3918,350],{"class":66},[60,3920,71],{"class":70},[60,3922,1512],{"class":74},[60,3924,358],{"class":357},[60,3926,88],{"class":74},[60,3928,3747],{"class":357},[60,3930,88],{"class":74},[60,3932,368],{"class":357},[60,3934,1525],{"class":74},[60,3936,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945,3947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3938,140],{"class":139},[60,3940,124],{"class":74},[60,3942,3629],{"class":139},[60,3944,124],{"class":74},[60,3946,380],{"class":120},[60,3948,1691],{"class":74},[20,3950,404],{},[51,3952,3954],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\n",[15,3955,3956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3957,3958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3959,3953],{"class":734},[20,3961,3962,3963,3965,3966,641,3968,117],{},"The value ",[15,3964,2039],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3967,3494],{},[15,3969,3588],{},[337,3971,3973],{"id":3972},"example-strings","Example: strings",[51,3975,3977],{"className":53,"code":3976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3978,3979,4013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3980,3981,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004,4006,4009,4011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3982,3983],{"class":66},"words ",[60,3985,71],{"class":70},[60,3987,1512],{"class":74},[60,3989,205],{"class":78},[60,3991,495],{"class":82},[60,3993,205],{"class":78},[60,3995,88],{"class":74},[60,3997,214],{"class":78},[60,3999,504],{"class":82},[60,4001,205],{"class":78},[60,4003,88],{"class":74},[60,4005,214],{"class":78},[60,4007,4008],{"class":82},"cherry",[60,4010,205],{"class":78},[60,4012,1525],{"class":74},[60,4014,4015,4017,4019,4021,4023,4026],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4016,140],{"class":139},[60,4018,124],{"class":74},[60,4020,3629],{"class":139},[60,4022,124],{"class":74},[60,4024,4025],{"class":120},"words",[60,4027,1691],{"class":74},[20,4029,404],{},[51,4031,4032],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4033,4034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4035,4036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4037,3892],{"class":734},[20,4039,4040],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4042,4043],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[51,4045,4047],{"className":53,"code":4046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4048,4049,4077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4050,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4052,3983],{"class":66},[60,4054,71],{"class":70},[60,4056,1512],{"class":74},[60,4058,205],{"class":78},[60,4060,495],{"class":82},[60,4062,205],{"class":78},[60,4064,88],{"class":74},[60,4066,3752],{"class":78},[60,4068,88],{"class":74},[60,4070,214],{"class":78},[60,4072,4008],{"class":82},[60,4074,205],{"class":78},[60,4076,1525],{"class":74},[60,4078,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4080,140],{"class":139},[60,4082,124],{"class":74},[60,4084,3629],{"class":139},[60,4086,124],{"class":74},[60,4088,4025],{"class":120},[60,4090,1691],{"class":74},[20,4092,404],{},[51,4094,4095],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4096,4097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4098,4099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4100,3953],{"class":734},[20,4102,4103,4104,4106],{},"The empty string ",[15,4105,3687],{}," is falsy.",[46,4108,4110,4111,4113],{"id":4109},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4112,3494],{}," works with conditions",[20,4115,4116,4118],{},[15,4117,3494],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4120,4121],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4123,4124],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[51,4126,4128],{"className":53,"code":4127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4129,4130,4150,4177,4181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4133,350],{"class":66},[60,4135,71],{"class":70},[60,4137,1512],{"class":74},[60,4139,358],{"class":357},[60,4141,88],{"class":74},[60,4143,363],{"class":357},[60,4145,88],{"class":74},[60,4147,368],{"class":357},[60,4149,1525],{"class":74},[60,4151,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4153,688],{"class":66},[60,4155,71],{"class":70},[60,4157,3559],{"class":139},[60,4159,124],{"class":74},[60,4161,2939],{"class":120},[60,4163,4164],{"class":70},">",[60,4166,3747],{"class":357},[60,4168,3790],{"class":1153},[60,4170,3793],{"class":120},[60,4172,1703],{"class":1153},[60,4174,1294],{"class":120},[60,4176,133],{"class":74},[60,4178,4179],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,4180,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,4182,4183,4185,4187,4189],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,4184,140],{"class":139},[60,4186,124],{"class":74},[60,4188,720],{"class":120},[60,4190,133],{"class":74},[20,4192,404],{},[51,4194,4195],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4196,4197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4198,4199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4200,3892],{"class":734},[20,4202,4203],{},"Here is one that fails:",[51,4205,4207],{"className":53,"code":4206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4208,4209,4231,4257,4261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4210,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4212,350],{"class":66},[60,4214,71],{"class":70},[60,4216,1512],{"class":74},[60,4218,358],{"class":357},[60,4220,88],{"class":74},[60,4222,2142],{"class":70},[60,4224,1303],{"class":357},[60,4226,88],{"class":74},[60,4228,368],{"class":357},[60,4230,1525],{"class":74},[60,4232,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4234,688],{"class":66},[60,4236,71],{"class":70},[60,4238,3559],{"class":139},[60,4240,124],{"class":74},[60,4242,2939],{"class":120},[60,4244,4164],{"class":70},[60,4246,3747],{"class":357},[60,4248,3790],{"class":1153},[60,4250,3793],{"class":120},[60,4252,1703],{"class":1153},[60,4254,1294],{"class":120},[60,4256,133],{"class":74},[60,4258,4259],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,4260,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,4262,4263,4265,4267,4269],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,4264,140],{"class":139},[60,4266,124],{"class":74},[60,4268,720],{"class":120},[60,4270,133],{"class":74},[20,4272,404],{},[51,4274,4275],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4276,4277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4278,4279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4280,3953],{"class":734},[20,4282,4283,4284,4287,4288,4290,4291,641,4293,117],{},"The expression ",[15,4285,4286],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4289,3520],{},", then ",[15,4292,3494],{},[15,4294,3520],{},[20,4296,4297],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4299,4300,4301,1776,4305,117],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[30,4302,4304],{"href":4303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[30,4306,4308],{"href":4307},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[46,4310,4312],{"id":4311},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4314,4315,641,4317,117],{},[15,4316,3517],{},[15,4318,3520],{},[20,4320,4321],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4323,2127],{},[51,4325,4327],{"className":53,"code":4326,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4328,4329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4330,4331,4333,4335,4337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4332,140],{"class":139},[60,4334,124],{"class":74},[60,4336,3629],{"class":139},[60,4338,4339],{"class":74},"([]))\n",[20,4341,404],{},[51,4343,4344],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4345,4346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4347,4348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4349,3892],{"class":734},[20,4351,4352],{},"Why?",[20,4354,4355],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4357,4358],{},"Think of it this way:",[260,4360,4361,4368,4371],{},[263,4362,4363,641,4365,4367],{},[15,4364,3494],{},[15,4366,3588],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[263,4369,4370],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[263,4372,4373,4374],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4375,3588],{},[20,4377,4378],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4380,4381],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[51,4383,4385],{"className":53,"code":4384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4386,4387,4398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4388,4389,4391,4393,4395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4390,140],{"class":139},[60,4392,124],{"class":74},[60,4394,3629],{"class":139},[60,4396,4397],{"class":74},"(()))\n",[60,4399,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4401,140],{"class":139},[60,4403,124],{"class":74},[60,4405,3629],{"class":139},[60,4407,124],{"class":74},[60,4409,3687],{"class":78},[60,4411,1691],{"class":74},[20,4413,404],{},[51,4415,4417],{"className":53,"code":4416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4418,4419,4423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4420,4421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4422,3892],{"class":734},[60,4424,4425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4426,3892],{"class":734},[46,4428,4430],{"id":4429},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[337,4432,4434],{"id":4433},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4436,1260],{},[51,4438,4440],{"className":53,"code":4439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4441,4442,4447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4443,4444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4445,4446],{"class":177},"# Wrong\n",[60,4448,4449],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4450,4451],{"class":177},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4453,4454,4456],{},[15,4455,3494],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4458,4459],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[51,4461,4463],{"className":53,"code":4462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4464,4465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4466,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4468,140],{"class":139},[60,4470,124],{"class":74},[60,4472,3629],{"class":139},[60,4474,1641],{"class":74},[60,4476,358],{"class":357},[60,4478,88],{"class":74},[60,4480,363],{"class":357},[60,4482,88],{"class":74},[60,4484,368],{"class":357},[60,4486,2913],{"class":74},[337,4488,4490,4491,4493],{"id":4489},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4492,3494],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4495,4496],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[51,4498,4500],{"className":53,"code":4499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4501,4502,4523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4503,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4517,4519,4521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4505,350],{"class":66},[60,4507,71],{"class":70},[60,4509,1512],{"class":74},[60,4511,2056],{"class":357},[60,4513,88],{"class":74},[60,4515,4516],{"class":357}," 5",[60,4518,88],{"class":74},[60,4520,4516],{"class":357},[60,4522,1525],{"class":74},[60,4524,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4526,140],{"class":139},[60,4528,124],{"class":74},[60,4530,3629],{"class":139},[60,4532,124],{"class":74},[60,4534,380],{"class":120},[60,4536,1691],{"class":74},[20,4538,4539,4540,4542],{},"This does ",[41,4541,43],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4544,4545,4546,4548],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4547,2056],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[51,4550,4551],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4552,4553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4554,4555],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4556,3892],{"class":734},[20,4558,4559],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[51,4561,4563],{"className":53,"code":4562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4564,4565,4585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4566,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4568,350],{"class":66},[60,4570,71],{"class":70},[60,4572,1512],{"class":74},[60,4574,2056],{"class":357},[60,4576,88],{"class":74},[60,4578,4516],{"class":357},[60,4580,88],{"class":74},[60,4582,4516],{"class":357},[60,4584,1525],{"class":74},[60,4586,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4588,140],{"class":139},[60,4590,124],{"class":74},[60,4592,3629],{"class":139},[60,4594,124],{"class":74},[60,4596,2939],{"class":120},[60,4598,4599],{"class":70},"==",[60,4601,4516],{"class":357},[60,4603,3790],{"class":1153},[60,4605,3793],{"class":120},[60,4607,1703],{"class":1153},[60,4609,1294],{"class":120},[60,4611,1691],{"class":74},[337,4613,4615,4616,4618],{"id":4614},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4617,2039],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[51,4620,4622],{"className":53,"code":4621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4623,4624,4650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4625,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4627,140],{"class":139},[60,4629,124],{"class":74},[60,4631,3629],{"class":139},[60,4633,1641],{"class":74},[60,4635,358],{"class":357},[60,4637,88],{"class":74},[60,4639,363],{"class":357},[60,4641,88],{"class":74},[60,4643,3747],{"class":357},[60,4645,4646],{"class":74},"]))",[60,4648,4649],{"class":177},"       # False\n",[60,4651,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4653,140],{"class":139},[60,4655,124],{"class":74},[60,4657,3629],{"class":139},[60,4659,1641],{"class":74},[60,4661,205],{"class":78},[60,4663,30],{"class":82},[60,4665,205],{"class":78},[60,4667,88],{"class":74},[60,4669,214],{"class":78},[60,4671,1428],{"class":82},[60,4673,205],{"class":78},[60,4675,88],{"class":74},[60,4677,3752],{"class":78},[60,4679,4646],{"class":74},[60,4681,4682],{"class":177},"  # False\n",[20,4684,4685,4686,117],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4687,3588],{},[337,4689,4691,4692,4694,4695],{"id":4690},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4693,3517],{}," is ",[15,4696,3520],{},[20,4698,4699],{},"This is expected behavior:",[51,4701,4703],{"className":53,"code":4702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4704,4705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4706,4707,4709,4711,4713,4716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4708,140],{"class":139},[60,4710,124],{"class":74},[60,4712,3629],{"class":139},[60,4714,4715],{"class":74},"([]))",[60,4717,3578],{"class":177},[20,4719,4720,4721,4723],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4722,3520],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4725,4726],{},"Useful quick tests:",[51,4728,4730],{"className":53,"code":4729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4731,4732,4754,4776,4823,4859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4733,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4735,140],{"class":139},[60,4737,124],{"class":74},[60,4739,3629],{"class":139},[60,4741,1641],{"class":74},[60,4743,358],{"class":357},[60,4745,88],{"class":74},[60,4747,363],{"class":357},[60,4749,88],{"class":74},[60,4751,368],{"class":357},[60,4753,2913],{"class":74},[60,4755,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4757,140],{"class":139},[60,4759,124],{"class":74},[60,4761,3629],{"class":139},[60,4763,1641],{"class":74},[60,4765,358],{"class":357},[60,4767,88],{"class":74},[60,4769,3747],{"class":357},[60,4771,88],{"class":74},[60,4773,368],{"class":357},[60,4775,2913],{"class":74},[60,4777,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,4779,140],{"class":139},[60,4781,1641],{"class":74},[60,4783,3781],{"class":1683},[60,4785,124],{"class":74},[60,4787,2093],{"class":120},[60,4789,174],{"class":74},[60,4791,3790],{"class":1153},[60,4793,3793],{"class":120},[60,4795,1703],{"class":1153},[60,4797,1512],{"class":74},[60,4799,358],{"class":357},[60,4801,88],{"class":74},[60,4803,3747],{"class":357},[60,4805,88],{"class":74},[60,4807,3752],{"class":78},[60,4809,88],{"class":74},[60,4811,214],{"class":78},[60,4813,3759],{"class":82},[60,4815,205],{"class":78},[60,4817,88],{"class":74},[60,4819,3766],{"class":734},[60,4821,4822],{"class":74},"]])\n",[60,4824,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,4826,140],{"class":139},[60,4828,124],{"class":74},[60,4830,3629],{"class":139},[60,4832,124],{"class":74},[60,4834,2939],{"class":120},[60,4836,4164],{"class":70},[60,4838,3747],{"class":357},[60,4840,3790],{"class":1153},[60,4842,3793],{"class":120},[60,4844,1703],{"class":1153},[60,4846,1512],{"class":74},[60,4848,358],{"class":357},[60,4850,88],{"class":74},[60,4852,363],{"class":357},[60,4854,88],{"class":74},[60,4856,368],{"class":357},[60,4858,2913],{"class":74},[60,4860,4861,4863,4865,4867],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,4862,140],{"class":139},[60,4864,124],{"class":74},[60,4866,3629],{"class":139},[60,4868,4339],{"class":74},[46,4870,1220,4872],{"id":4871},"when-to-use-all",[15,4873,3494],{},[20,4875,4876,4878],{},[15,4877,3494],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4880,4881],{},"Common use cases:",[260,4883,4884,4887,4890],{},[263,4885,4886],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[263,4888,4889],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[263,4891,4892],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4894,4895],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[51,4897,4899],{"className":53,"code":4898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4900,4901,4937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4902,4903,4906,4908,4910,4912,4915,4917,4919,4921,4924,4926,4928,4930,4933,4935],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4904,4905],{"class":66},"names ",[60,4907,71],{"class":70},[60,4909,1512],{"class":74},[60,4911,205],{"class":78},[60,4913,4914],{"class":82},"Alice",[60,4916,205],{"class":78},[60,4918,88],{"class":74},[60,4920,214],{"class":78},[60,4922,4923],{"class":82},"Bob",[60,4925,205],{"class":78},[60,4927,88],{"class":74},[60,4929,214],{"class":78},[60,4931,4932],{"class":82},"Charlie",[60,4934,205],{"class":78},[60,4936,1525],{"class":74},[60,4938,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4950],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4940,140],{"class":139},[60,4942,124],{"class":74},[60,4944,3629],{"class":139},[60,4946,124],{"class":74},[60,4948,4949],{"class":120},"names",[60,4951,1691],{"class":74},[20,4953,404],{},[51,4955,4956],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4957,4958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4959,4960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4961,3892],{"class":734},[20,4963,4964],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[51,4966,4968],{"className":53,"code":4967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4969,4970,4994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4971,4972,4975,4977,4979,4982,4984,4987,4989,4992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4973,4974],{"class":66},"scores ",[60,4976,71],{"class":70},[60,4978,1512],{"class":74},[60,4980,4981],{"class":357},"75",[60,4983,88],{"class":74},[60,4985,4986],{"class":357}," 80",[60,4988,88],{"class":74},[60,4990,4991],{"class":357}," 50",[60,4993,1525],{"class":74},[60,4995,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5007,5010,5012,5014,5017,5019,5022],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4997,140],{"class":139},[60,4999,124],{"class":74},[60,5001,3629],{"class":139},[60,5003,124],{"class":74},[60,5005,5006],{"class":120},"score ",[60,5008,5009],{"class":70},">=",[60,5011,4991],{"class":357},[60,5013,3790],{"class":1153},[60,5015,5016],{"class":120}," score ",[60,5018,1703],{"class":1153},[60,5020,5021],{"class":120}," scores",[60,5023,1691],{"class":74},[20,5025,404],{},[51,5027,5028],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5029,5030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5031,5032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5033,3892],{"class":734},[20,5035,5036],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5038,5039,5040,1776,5044,117],{},"For related tasks, see ",[30,5041,5043],{"href":5042},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[30,5045,5047],{"href":5046},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[46,5049,1746],{"id":1745},[337,5051,1760,5053,5055],{"id":5052},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5054,3494],{}," return in Python?",[20,5057,1766,5058,5060,5061,5063],{},[15,5059,3520],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5062,3588],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[337,5065,5067,5068,5070,5071,1779],{"id":5066},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5069,3517],{}," return ",[15,5072,3520],{},[20,5074,5075],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[337,5077,5079,5080,5082],{"id":5078},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5081,3494],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5084,5085],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[337,5087,1773,5089,1776,5091,1779],{"id":5088},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5090,3494],{},[15,5092,5093],{},"any()",[20,5095,5096,5098,5099,5101,5102,117],{},[15,5097,3494],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5100,5093],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[30,5103,3491,5105,3424],{"href":5104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5106,5093],{},[46,5108,1808],{"id":1807},[260,5110,5111,5117,5121,5126,5131,5136],{},[263,5112,5113],{},[30,5114,3491,5115,3424],{"href":5104},[15,5116,5093],{},[263,5118,5119],{},[30,5120,3720],{"href":3719},[263,5122,5123],{},[30,5124,5125],{"href":5046},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[263,5127,5128],{},[30,5129,5130],{"href":5042},"How to filter a list in Python",[263,5132,5133],{},[30,5134,5135],{"href":4303},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[263,5137,5138],{},[30,5139,5140],{"href":4307},"What is an iterable in Python",[1841,5142,5143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":5145},[5146,5147,5149,5150,5155,5157,5158,5167,5169,5179],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":3591,"depth":111,"text":5148},"What all() does",{"id":3642,"depth":111,"text":3643},{"id":3843,"depth":111,"text":3844,"children":5151},[5152,5153,5154],{"id":3847,"depth":136,"text":3848},{"id":3908,"depth":136,"text":3909},{"id":3972,"depth":136,"text":3973},{"id":4109,"depth":111,"text":5156},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4311,"depth":111,"text":4312},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":5159},[5160,5161,5163,5165],{"id":4433,"depth":136,"text":4434},{"id":4489,"depth":136,"text":5162},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4614,"depth":136,"text":5164},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4690,"depth":136,"text":5166},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4871,"depth":111,"text":5168},"When to use all()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":5170},[5171,5173,5175,5177],{"id":5052,"depth":136,"text":5172},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5066,"depth":136,"text":5174},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5078,"depth":136,"text":5176},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5088,"depth":136,"text":5178},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3485,"description":5180},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5187,"title":5188,"body":5189,"description":6879,"extension":1883,"meta":6880,"navigation":152,"path":5104,"seo":6881,"stem":6882,"__hash__":6883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5190,"toc":6857},[5191,5194,5202,5205,5222,5230,5274,5283,5287,5292,5295,5312,5315,5326,5338,5342,5345,5360,5365,5368,5380,5383,5468,5471,5492,5498,5500,5508,5522,5524,5558,5560,5563,5624,5626,5643,5646,5673,5675,5683,5695,5699,5702,5741,5743,5751,5753,5769,5777,5780,5823,5825,5833,5838,5842,5850,5853,5880,5883,5886,5960,5962,5970,5977,6001,6012,6015,6094,6096,6104,6111,6115,6120,6135,6137,6145,6148,6154,6157,6202,6204,6221,6225,6230,6241,6244,6357,6360,6419,6425,6427,6432,6436,6438,6457,6463,6466,6485,6489,6498,6525,6527,6535,6543,6547,6553,6576,6578,6586,6593,6597,6600,6651,6654,6705,6708,6710,6714,6721,6725,6732,6736,6744,6748,6751,6773,6775,6825,6827,6854],[10,5192,5188],{"id":5193},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5195,5196,5198,5199,117],{},[15,5197,5093],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[41,5200,5201],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5203,5204],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[260,5206,5207,5210,5213,5216,5219],{},[263,5208,5209],{},"lists",[263,5211,5212],{},"tuples",[263,5214,5215],{},"sets",[263,5217,5218],{},"strings",[263,5220,5221],{},"generator expressions",[20,5223,5224,5225,288,5227,5229],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5226,3520],{},[15,5228,3588],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[51,5231,5233],{"className":53,"code":5232,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5234,5235,5255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5236,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5238,3736],{"class":66},[60,5240,71],{"class":70},[60,5242,1512],{"class":74},[60,5244,2039],{"class":357},[60,5246,88],{"class":74},[60,5248,3752],{"class":78},[60,5250,88],{"class":74},[60,5252,4516],{"class":357},[60,5254,1525],{"class":74},[60,5256,5257,5259,5261,5264,5266,5269,5272],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5258,140],{"class":139},[60,5260,124],{"class":74},[60,5262,5263],{"class":139},"any",[60,5265,124],{"class":74},[60,5267,5268],{"class":120},"values",[60,5270,5271],{"class":74},"))",[60,5273,3578],{"class":177},[20,5275,243,5276,5279,5280,5282],{},[15,5277,5278],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5281,3520],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[46,5284,5286],{"id":5285},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5288,5289,5291],{},[15,5290,5093],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5293,5294],{},"It returns:",[260,5296,5297,5302,5307],{},[263,5298,5299,5301],{},[15,5300,3520],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[263,5303,5304,5306],{},[15,5305,3588],{}," if all items are falsy",[263,5308,5309,5311],{},[15,5310,3588],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5313,5314],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[260,5316,5317,5320,5323],{},[263,5318,5319],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[263,5321,5322],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[263,5324,5325],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5327,5328,5329,5332,5333,117],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[41,5330,5331],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[30,5334,5336],{"href":5335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5337,3494],{},[46,5339,5341],{"id":5340},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5343,5344],{},"The syntax is simple:",[51,5346,5348],{"className":53,"code":5347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5349,5350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5351,5352,5354,5356,5358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5353,5263],{"class":139},[60,5355,124],{"class":74},[60,5357,3634],{"class":120},[60,5359,133],{"class":74},[20,5361,5362,5363,117],{},"The argument must be an ",[41,5364,3634],{},[20,5366,5367],{},"Common inputs include:",[260,5369,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378],{},[263,5371,5209],{},[263,5373,5212],{},[263,5375,5215],{},[263,5377,5218],{},[263,5379,5221],{},[20,5381,5382],{},"For example:",[51,5384,5386],{"className":53,"code":5385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5387,5388,5411,5430,5450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5389,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404,5406,5409],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5391,140],{"class":139},[60,5393,124],{"class":74},[60,5395,5263],{"class":139},[60,5397,1641],{"class":74},[60,5399,2039],{"class":357},[60,5401,88],{"class":74},[60,5403,3747],{"class":357},[60,5405,88],{"class":74},[60,5407,5408],{"class":357}," 1",[60,5410,2913],{"class":74},[60,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5422,5424,5426,5428],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5414,140],{"class":139},[60,5416,124],{"class":74},[60,5418,5263],{"class":139},[60,5420,5421],{"class":74},"((",[60,5423,3588],{"class":734},[60,5425,88],{"class":74},[60,5427,3819],{"class":734},[60,5429,2827],{"class":74},[60,5431,5432,5434,5436,5438,5441,5443,5445,5447],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,5433,140],{"class":139},[60,5435,124],{"class":74},[60,5437,5263],{"class":139},[60,5439,5440],{"class":74},"({",[60,5442,2039],{"class":357},[60,5444,88],{"class":74},[60,5446,363],{"class":357},[60,5448,5449],{"class":74},"}))\n",[60,5451,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,5453,140],{"class":139},[60,5455,124],{"class":74},[60,5457,5263],{"class":139},[60,5459,124],{"class":74},[60,5461,79],{"class":78},[60,5463,3759],{"class":82},[60,5465,79],{"class":78},[60,5467,1691],{"class":74},[20,5469,5470],{},"Expected output:",[51,5472,5474],{"className":53,"code":5473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5475,5476,5480,5484,5488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5477,5478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5479,3892],{"class":734},[60,5481,5482],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5483,3953],{"class":734},[60,5485,5486],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,5487,3892],{"class":734},[60,5489,5490],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,5491,3892],{"class":734},[20,5493,5494,5495,117],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[30,5496,5047],{"href":5497},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[46,5499,3643],{"id":3642},[20,5501,3646,5502,288,5505,3651],{},[41,5503,5504],{},"truthy",[41,5506,5507],{},"falsy",[260,5509,5510,5516],{},[263,5511,5512,3659,5514],{},[41,5513,3658],{},[15,5515,3520],{},[263,5517,5518,3659,5520],{},[41,5519,3666],{},[15,5521,3588],{},[20,5523,3671],{},[260,5525,5526,5530,5534,5538,5542,5546,5550,5554],{},[263,5527,5528],{},[15,5529,3588],{},[263,5531,5532],{},[15,5533,2039],{},[263,5535,5536],{},[15,5537,3682],{},[263,5539,5540],{},[15,5541,3687],{},[263,5543,5544],{},[15,5545,3700],{},[263,5547,5548],{},[15,5549,3705],{},[263,5551,5552],{},[15,5553,3710],{},[263,5555,5556],{},[15,5557,277],{},[20,5559,3713],{},[20,5561,5562],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[51,5564,5566],{"className":53,"code":5565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5567,5568,5582,5600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5569,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5571,140],{"class":139},[60,5573,124],{"class":74},[60,5575,5263],{"class":139},[60,5577,1641],{"class":74},[60,5579,358],{"class":357},[60,5581,2913],{"class":74},[60,5583,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5585,140],{"class":139},[60,5587,124],{"class":74},[60,5589,5263],{"class":139},[60,5591,1641],{"class":74},[60,5593,205],{"class":78},[60,5595,3759],{"class":82},[60,5597,205],{"class":78},[60,5599,2913],{"class":74},[60,5601,5602,5604,5606,5608,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,5603,140],{"class":139},[60,5605,124],{"class":74},[60,5607,5263],{"class":139},[60,5609,5610],{"class":74},"([[",[60,5612,358],{"class":357},[60,5614,88],{"class":74},[60,5616,363],{"class":357},[60,5618,88],{"class":74},[60,5620,368],{"class":357},[60,5622,5623],{"class":74},"]]))\n",[20,5625,5470],{},[51,5627,5629],{"className":53,"code":5628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5630,5631,5635,5639],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5632,5633],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5634,3892],{"class":734},[60,5636,5637],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5638,3892],{"class":734},[60,5640,5641],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,5642,3892],{"class":734},[20,5644,5645],{},"And these are all falsy:",[51,5647,5649],{"className":53,"code":5648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5650,5651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5652,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5654,140],{"class":139},[60,5656,124],{"class":74},[60,5658,5263],{"class":139},[60,5660,1641],{"class":74},[60,5662,2039],{"class":357},[60,5664,88],{"class":74},[60,5666,3752],{"class":78},[60,5668,88],{"class":74},[60,5670,3766],{"class":734},[60,5672,2913],{"class":74},[20,5674,5470],{},[51,5676,5677],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5678,5679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5680,5681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5682,3953],{"class":734},[20,5684,5685,5686,1776,5689,117],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[30,5687,3720],{"href":5688},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[30,5690,5692,5694],{"href":5691},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5693,3726],{}," explained",[46,5696,5698],{"id":5697},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5700,5701],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[51,5703,5705],{"className":53,"code":5704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5706,5707,5727],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5708,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5710,3736],{"class":66},[60,5712,71],{"class":70},[60,5714,1512],{"class":74},[60,5716,2039],{"class":357},[60,5718,88],{"class":74},[60,5720,3752],{"class":78},[60,5722,88],{"class":74},[60,5724,4516],{"class":357},[60,5726,1525],{"class":74},[60,5728,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5730,140],{"class":139},[60,5732,124],{"class":74},[60,5734,5263],{"class":139},[60,5736,124],{"class":74},[60,5738,5268],{"class":120},[60,5740,1691],{"class":74},[20,5742,404],{},[51,5744,5745],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5746,5747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5748,5749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5750,3892],{"class":734},[20,5752,4352],{},[260,5754,5755,5760,5764],{},[263,5756,5757,5759],{},[15,5758,2039],{}," is falsy",[263,5761,5762,5759],{},[15,5763,3687],{},[263,5765,5766,5768],{},[15,5767,2056],{}," is truthy",[20,5770,5771,5772,641,5775,117],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5773,5774],{},"any(values)",[15,5776,3520],{},[20,5778,5779],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[51,5781,5783],{"className":53,"code":5782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5784,5785,5809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5786,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799,5801,5803,5805,5807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5788,3736],{"class":66},[60,5790,71],{"class":70},[60,5792,1512],{"class":74},[60,5794,2039],{"class":357},[60,5796,88],{"class":74},[60,5798,3752],{"class":78},[60,5800,88],{"class":74},[60,5802,3766],{"class":734},[60,5804,88],{"class":74},[60,5806,3819],{"class":734},[60,5808,1525],{"class":74},[60,5810,5811,5813,5815,5817,5819,5821],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5812,140],{"class":139},[60,5814,124],{"class":74},[60,5816,5263],{"class":139},[60,5818,124],{"class":74},[60,5820,5268],{"class":120},[60,5822,1691],{"class":74},[20,5824,404],{},[51,5826,5827],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5828,5829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5830,5831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5832,3953],{"class":734},[20,5834,5835,5836,117],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5837,3588],{},[46,5839,5841],{"id":5840},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5843,5844,5846,5847,117],{},[15,5845,5093],{}," is often used with a ",[41,5848,5849],{},"generator expression",[20,5851,5852],{},"This is a common pattern:",[51,5854,5856],{"className":53,"code":5855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5857,5858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5859,5860,5862,5864,5867,5870,5873,5875,5878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5861,5263],{"class":139},[60,5863,124],{"class":74},[60,5865,5866],{"class":120},"condition ",[60,5868,5869],{"class":1153},"for",[60,5871,5872],{"class":120}," item ",[60,5874,1703],{"class":1153},[60,5876,5877],{"class":120}," items",[60,5879,133],{"class":74},[20,5881,5882],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5884,5885],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[51,5887,5889],{"className":53,"code":5888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5890,5891,5919,5923,5950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5892,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5894,350],{"class":66},[60,5896,71],{"class":70},[60,5898,1512],{"class":74},[60,5900,2421],{"class":357},[60,5902,88],{"class":74},[60,5904,5905],{"class":357}," 7",[60,5907,88],{"class":74},[60,5909,2142],{"class":70},[60,5911,1303],{"class":357},[60,5913,88],{"class":74},[60,5915,5916],{"class":357}," 10",[60,5918,1525],{"class":74},[60,5920,5921],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5922,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,5924,5925,5927,5929,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,5926,688],{"class":66},[60,5928,71],{"class":70},[60,5930,5931],{"class":139}," any",[60,5933,124],{"class":74},[60,5935,2939],{"class":120},[60,5937,3205],{"class":70},[60,5939,3747],{"class":357},[60,5941,3790],{"class":1153},[60,5943,3793],{"class":120},[60,5945,1703],{"class":1153},[60,5947,1294],{"class":120},[60,5949,133],{"class":74},[60,5951,5952,5954,5956,5958],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,5953,140],{"class":139},[60,5955,124],{"class":74},[60,5957,720],{"class":120},[60,5959,133],{"class":74},[20,5961,404],{},[51,5963,5964],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5965,5966],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5967,5968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5969,3892],{"class":734},[20,5971,5972,5973,5976],{},"This works because ",[15,5974,5975],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[260,5978,5979,5987,5994],{},[263,5980,5981,5984,5985],{},[15,5982,5983],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5986,3588],{},[263,5988,5989,5984,5992],{},[15,5990,5991],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5993,3588],{},[263,5995,5996,5984,5999],{},[15,5997,5998],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6000,3520],{},[20,6002,6003,6004,6006,6007,6009,6010,117],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6005,3520],{}," result, ",[15,6008,5093],{}," can return ",[15,6011,3520],{},[20,6013,6014],{},"Here is another example:",[51,6016,6018],{"className":53,"code":6017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6019,6020,6049,6053,6083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6023,3983],{"class":66},[60,6025,71],{"class":70},[60,6027,1512],{"class":74},[60,6029,79],{"class":78},[60,6031,495],{"class":82},[60,6033,79],{"class":78},[60,6035,88],{"class":74},[60,6037,6038],{"class":78}," \"\"",[60,6040,88],{"class":74},[60,6042,91],{"class":78},[60,6044,504],{"class":82},[60,6046,79],{"class":78},[60,6048,1525],{"class":74},[60,6050,6051],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6052,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,6054,6055,6058,6060,6062,6064,6067,6069,6071,6073,6076,6078,6081],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,6056,6057],{"class":66},"has_empty_string ",[60,6059,71],{"class":70},[60,6061,5931],{"class":139},[60,6063,124],{"class":74},[60,6065,6066],{"class":120},"word ",[60,6068,4599],{"class":70},[60,6070,6038],{"class":78},[60,6072,3790],{"class":1153},[60,6074,6075],{"class":120}," word ",[60,6077,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6079,6080],{"class":120}," words",[60,6082,133],{"class":74},[60,6084,6085,6087,6089,6092],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,6086,140],{"class":139},[60,6088,124],{"class":74},[60,6090,6091],{"class":120},"has_empty_string",[60,6093,133],{"class":74},[20,6095,404],{},[51,6097,6098],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6099,6100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6101,6102],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6103,3892],{"class":734},[20,6105,6106,6107,117],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[30,6108,6110],{"href":6109},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[46,6112,6114],{"id":6113},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6116,6117,6118,258],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6119,3588],{},[51,6121,6123],{"className":53,"code":6122,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6124,6125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6126,6127,6129,6131,6133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6128,140],{"class":139},[60,6130,124],{"class":74},[60,6132,5263],{"class":139},[60,6134,4339],{"class":74},[20,6136,404],{},[51,6138,6139],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6140,6141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6142,6143],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6144,3953],{"class":734},[20,6146,6147],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6149,6150,6151,6153],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6152,5093],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6155,6156],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[51,6158,6160],{"className":53,"code":6159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6161,6162,6172,6187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6163,6164,6166,6168,6170],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6165,140],{"class":139},[60,6167,124],{"class":74},[60,6169,5263],{"class":139},[60,6171,4397],{"class":74},[60,6173,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6185],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6175,140],{"class":139},[60,6177,124],{"class":74},[60,6179,5263],{"class":139},[60,6181,124],{"class":74},[60,6183,6184],{"class":78},"\"\"",[60,6186,1691],{"class":74},[60,6188,6189,6191,6193,6195,6197,6199],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,6190,140],{"class":139},[60,6192,124],{"class":74},[60,6194,5263],{"class":139},[60,6196,124],{"class":74},[60,6198,1718],{"class":1683},[60,6200,6201],{"class":74},"()))\n",[20,6203,404],{},[51,6205,6207],{"className":53,"code":6206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6208,6209,6213,6217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6210,6211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6212,3953],{"class":734},[60,6214,6215],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6216,3953],{"class":734},[60,6218,6219],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,6220,3953],{"class":734},[46,6222,6224],{"id":6223},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6226,243,6227,6229],{},[15,6228,5093],{}," when you want to:",[260,6231,6232,6235,6238],{},[263,6233,6234],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[263,6236,6237],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[263,6239,6240],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6242,6243],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[51,6245,6247],{"className":53,"code":6246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6248,6249,6274,6278,6288,6292,6305,6324,6334,6340,6345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6250,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6252,350],{"class":66},[60,6254,71],{"class":70},[60,6256,1512],{"class":74},[60,6258,358],{"class":357},[60,6260,88],{"class":74},[60,6262,368],{"class":357},[60,6264,88],{"class":74},[60,6266,4516],{"class":357},[60,6268,88],{"class":74},[60,6270,6271],{"class":357}," 8",[60,6273,1525],{"class":74},[60,6275,6276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6277,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,6279,6280,6283,6285],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,6281,6282],{"class":66},"found_even ",[60,6284,71],{"class":70},[60,6286,6287],{"class":734}," False\n",[60,6289,6290],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,6291,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,6293,6294,6296,6299,6301,6303],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,6295,5869],{"class":1153},[60,6297,6298],{"class":66}," number ",[60,6300,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6302,1294],{"class":66},[60,6304,1168],{"class":74},[60,6306,6307,6310,6312,6315,6317,6320,6322],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,6308,6309],{"class":1153},"    if",[60,6311,6298],{"class":66},[60,6313,6314],{"class":70},"%",[60,6316,363],{"class":357},[60,6318,6319],{"class":70}," ==",[60,6321,3747],{"class":357},[60,6323,1168],{"class":74},[60,6325,6326,6329,6331],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,6327,6328],{"class":66},"        found_even ",[60,6330,71],{"class":70},[60,6332,6333],{"class":734}," True\n",[60,6335,6337],{"class":62,"line":6336},8,[60,6338,6339],{"class":1153},"        break\n",[60,6341,6343],{"class":62,"line":6342},9,[60,6344,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,6346,6348,6350,6352,6355],{"class":62,"line":6347},10,[60,6349,140],{"class":139},[60,6351,124],{"class":74},[60,6353,6354],{"class":120},"found_even",[60,6356,133],{"class":74},[20,6358,6359],{},"You can write:",[51,6361,6363],{"className":53,"code":6362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6364,6365,6389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6366,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6368,350],{"class":66},[60,6370,71],{"class":70},[60,6372,1512],{"class":74},[60,6374,358],{"class":357},[60,6376,88],{"class":74},[60,6378,368],{"class":357},[60,6380,88],{"class":74},[60,6382,4516],{"class":357},[60,6384,88],{"class":74},[60,6386,6271],{"class":357},[60,6388,1525],{"class":74},[60,6390,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6392,140],{"class":139},[60,6394,124],{"class":74},[60,6396,5263],{"class":139},[60,6398,124],{"class":74},[60,6400,2137],{"class":120},[60,6402,6314],{"class":70},[60,6404,363],{"class":357},[60,6406,6319],{"class":70},[60,6408,3747],{"class":357},[60,6410,3790],{"class":1153},[60,6412,6298],{"class":120},[60,6414,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6416,1294],{"class":120},[60,6418,1691],{"class":74},[20,6420,6421,6422,6424],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6423,5093],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[46,6426,4430],{"id":4429},[20,6428,6429,6430,117],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6431,5093],{},[337,6433,6435],{"id":6434},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6437,1260],{},[51,6439,6441],{"className":53,"code":6440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6442,6443],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6444,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6446,140],{"class":139},[60,6448,124],{"class":74},[60,6450,5263],{"class":139},[60,6452,124],{"class":74},[60,6454,2056],{"class":357},[60,6456,1691],{"class":74},[20,6458,6459,6460,6462],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6461,2056],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6464,6465],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[51,6467,6469],{"className":53,"code":6468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6470,6471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6472,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6474,140],{"class":139},[60,6476,124],{"class":74},[60,6478,5263],{"class":139},[60,6480,1641],{"class":74},[60,6482,2056],{"class":357},[60,6484,2913],{"class":74},[337,6486,6488],{"id":6487},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6490,6491,6493,6494,6497],{},[15,6492,5093],{}," needs only ",[41,6495,6496],{},"one"," truthy item.",[51,6499,6501],{"className":53,"code":6500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6502,6503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6504,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519,6521,6523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6506,140],{"class":139},[60,6508,124],{"class":74},[60,6510,5263],{"class":139},[60,6512,1641],{"class":74},[60,6514,3588],{"class":734},[60,6516,88],{"class":74},[60,6518,3819],{"class":734},[60,6520,88],{"class":74},[60,6522,3828],{"class":734},[60,6524,2913],{"class":74},[20,6526,404],{},[51,6528,6529],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6530,6531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6532,6533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6534,3892],{"class":734},[20,6536,6537,6538,6542],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[30,6539,6540],{"href":5335},[15,6541,3494],{}," instead.",[337,6544,6546],{"id":6545},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6548,6549,6550,117],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6551,6552],{},"\"True\"",[51,6554,6556],{"className":53,"code":6555,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6557,6558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6559,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6561,140],{"class":139},[60,6563,124],{"class":74},[60,6565,5263],{"class":139},[60,6567,1641],{"class":74},[60,6569,79],{"class":78},[60,6571,3588],{"class":82},[60,6573,79],{"class":78},[60,6575,2913],{"class":74},[20,6577,404],{},[51,6579,6580],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6581,6582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6583,6584],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6585,3892],{"class":734},[20,6587,6588,6589,6592],{},"That is because ",[15,6590,6591],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[337,6594,6596],{"id":6595},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6598,6599],{},"This works:",[51,6601,6603],{"className":53,"code":6602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6604,6605,6625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6606,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6608,350],{"class":66},[60,6610,71],{"class":70},[60,6612,1512],{"class":74},[60,6614,358],{"class":357},[60,6616,88],{"class":74},[60,6618,363],{"class":357},[60,6620,88],{"class":74},[60,6622,368],{"class":357},[60,6624,1525],{"class":74},[60,6626,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6628,140],{"class":139},[60,6630,124],{"class":74},[60,6632,5263],{"class":139},[60,6634,1641],{"class":74},[60,6636,2939],{"class":120},[60,6638,4164],{"class":70},[60,6640,363],{"class":357},[60,6642,3790],{"class":1153},[60,6644,3793],{"class":120},[60,6646,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6648,1294],{"class":120},[60,6650,2913],{"class":74},[20,6652,6653],{},"But this is usually better:",[51,6655,6657],{"className":53,"code":6656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6658,6659,6679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6660,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6662,350],{"class":66},[60,6664,71],{"class":70},[60,6666,1512],{"class":74},[60,6668,358],{"class":357},[60,6670,88],{"class":74},[60,6672,363],{"class":357},[60,6674,88],{"class":74},[60,6676,368],{"class":357},[60,6678,1525],{"class":74},[60,6680,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701,6703],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6682,140],{"class":139},[60,6684,124],{"class":74},[60,6686,5263],{"class":139},[60,6688,124],{"class":74},[60,6690,2939],{"class":120},[60,6692,4164],{"class":70},[60,6694,363],{"class":357},[60,6696,3790],{"class":1153},[60,6698,3793],{"class":120},[60,6700,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6702,1294],{"class":120},[60,6704,1691],{"class":74},[20,6706,6707],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[46,6709,1746],{"id":1745},[337,6711,6713],{"id":6712},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6715,1766,6716,6718,6719,117],{},[15,6717,3520],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6720,3588],{},[337,6722,6724],{"id":6723},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6726,6727,641,6729,6731],{},[15,6728,5093],{},[15,6730,3588],{}," for an empty iterable.",[337,6733,6735],{"id":6734},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6737,6738,6740,6741,6743],{},[15,6739,5093],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6742,3494],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[337,6745,6747],{"id":6746},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6749,6750],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[51,6752,6753],{"className":53,"code":5855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6754,6755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6756,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6758,5263],{"class":139},[60,6760,124],{"class":74},[60,6762,5866],{"class":120},[60,6764,5869],{"class":1153},[60,6766,5872],{"class":120},[60,6768,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6770,5877],{"class":120},[60,6772,133],{"class":74},[20,6774,5382],{},[51,6776,6777],{"className":53,"code":6656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6778,6779,6799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6780,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6782,350],{"class":66},[60,6784,71],{"class":70},[60,6786,1512],{"class":74},[60,6788,358],{"class":357},[60,6790,88],{"class":74},[60,6792,363],{"class":357},[60,6794,88],{"class":74},[60,6796,368],{"class":357},[60,6798,1525],{"class":74},[60,6800,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6802,140],{"class":139},[60,6804,124],{"class":74},[60,6806,5263],{"class":139},[60,6808,124],{"class":74},[60,6810,2939],{"class":120},[60,6812,4164],{"class":70},[60,6814,363],{"class":357},[60,6816,3790],{"class":1153},[60,6818,3793],{"class":120},[60,6820,1703],{"class":1153},[60,6822,1294],{"class":120},[60,6824,1691],{"class":74},[46,6826,1808],{"id":1807},[260,6828,6829,6835,6839,6843,6848],{},[263,6830,6831],{},[30,6832,6833,3424],{"href":5335},[15,6834,3494],{},[263,6836,6837],{},[30,6838,3720],{"href":5688},[263,6840,6841],{},[30,6842,5125],{"href":5497},[263,6844,6845],{},[30,6846,6847],{"href":6109},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[263,6849,6850],{},[30,6851,6852,3424],{"href":5691},[15,6853,3726],{},[1841,6855,6856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":6858},[6859,6860,6861,6862,6863,6864,6865,6866,6872,6878],{"id":5285,"depth":111,"text":5286},{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341},{"id":3642,"depth":111,"text":3643},{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":5840,"depth":111,"text":5841},{"id":6113,"depth":111,"text":6114},{"id":6223,"depth":111,"text":6224},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":6867},[6868,6869,6870,6871],{"id":6434,"depth":136,"text":6435},{"id":6487,"depth":136,"text":6488},{"id":6545,"depth":136,"text":6546},{"id":6595,"depth":136,"text":6596},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":6873},[6874,6875,6876,6877],{"id":6712,"depth":136,"text":6713},{"id":6723,"depth":136,"text":6724},{"id":6734,"depth":136,"text":6735},{"id":6746,"depth":136,"text":6747},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5188,"description":6879},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6885,"title":6886,"body":6887,"description":9013,"extension":1883,"meta":9014,"navigation":152,"path":9015,"seo":9016,"stem":9017,"__hash__":9018},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6888,"toc":8976},[6889,6892,6901,6910,6912,7009,7011,7040,7056,7060,7065,7068,7078,7084,7090,7106,7108,7116,7123,7127,7130,7145,7150,7168,7173,7175,7223,7225,7242,7246,7252,7255,7290,7292,7398,7400,7437,7441,7449,7451,7471,7473,7594,7596,7625,7628,7651,7653,7661,7669,7673,7679,7683,7724,7726,7734,7737,7765,7767,7775,7779,7808,7810,7818,7850,7852,7860,7864,7915,7917,7925,7933,7937,7940,7993,7995,8016,8023,8027,8033,8036,8044,8066,8068,8076,8084,8107,8109,8117,8122,8127,8139,8141,8182,8193,8197,8206,8209,8212,8271,8274,8326,8329,8335,8351,8357,8359,8363,8371,8374,8396,8398,8406,8411,8414,8449,8451,8459,8463,8468,8506,8517,8520,8575,8583,8587,8590,8612,8620,8623,8664,8666,8689,8695,8701,8716,8718,8738,8741,8760,8762,8781,8783,8788,8867,8870,8884,8891,8893,8897,8904,8908,8912,8916,8921,8925,8930,8934,8941,8943,8973],[10,6890,6886],{"id":6891},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6893,1900,6894,6896,6897,288,6899,117],{},[15,6895,3726],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6898,3520],{},[15,6900,3588],{},[20,6902,6903,6904,6906,6907,6909],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6905,3726],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6908,1154],{}," statements and other conditions.",[46,6911,3525],{"id":3524},[51,6913,6915],{"className":53,"code":6914,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6916,6917,6931,6945,6959,6977,6987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6918,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6920,140],{"class":139},[60,6922,124],{"class":74},[60,6924,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6926,124],{"class":74},[60,6928,2039],{"class":357},[60,6930,1691],{"class":74},[60,6932,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6934,140],{"class":139},[60,6936,124],{"class":74},[60,6938,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6940,124],{"class":74},[60,6942,358],{"class":357},[60,6944,1691],{"class":74},[60,6946,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,6948,140],{"class":139},[60,6950,124],{"class":74},[60,6952,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6954,124],{"class":74},[60,6956,6184],{"class":78},[60,6958,1691],{"class":74},[60,6960,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,6962,140],{"class":139},[60,6964,124],{"class":74},[60,6966,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6968,124],{"class":74},[60,6970,79],{"class":78},[60,6972,3759],{"class":82},[60,6974,79],{"class":78},[60,6976,1691],{"class":74},[60,6978,6979,6981,6983,6985],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,6980,140],{"class":139},[60,6982,124],{"class":74},[60,6984,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6986,4339],{"class":74},[60,6988,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,6990,140],{"class":139},[60,6992,124],{"class":74},[60,6994,3781],{"class":1683},[60,6996,1641],{"class":74},[60,6998,358],{"class":357},[60,7000,88],{"class":74},[60,7002,363],{"class":357},[60,7004,88],{"class":74},[60,7006,368],{"class":357},[60,7008,2913],{"class":74},[20,7010,5470],{},[51,7012,7014],{"className":53,"code":7013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7015,7016,7020,7024,7028,7032,7036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7017,7018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7019,3953],{"class":734},[60,7021,7022],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7023,3892],{"class":734},[60,7025,7026],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7027,3953],{"class":734},[60,7029,7030],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7031,3892],{"class":734},[60,7033,7034],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,7035,3953],{"class":734},[60,7037,7038],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,7039,3892],{"class":734},[20,7041,243,7042,7045,7046,288,7048,7050,7051,7053,7054,117],{},[15,7043,7044],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7047,3520],{},[15,7049,3588],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7052,3588],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7055,3520],{},[46,7057,7059],{"id":7058},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7061,7062,7064],{},[15,7063,3726],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7066,7067],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[260,7069,7070,7074],{},[263,7071,7072],{},[15,7073,3520],{},[263,7075,7076],{},[15,7077,3588],{},[20,7079,7080,7081,7083],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7082,1154],{}," statements.",[20,7085,7086,7087,7089],{},"You can also call ",[15,7088,3726],{}," with no argument:",[51,7091,7093],{"className":53,"code":7092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool())\n",[15,7094,7095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7096,7097,7099,7101,7103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7098,140],{"class":139},[60,7100,124],{"class":74},[60,7102,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7104,7105],{"class":74},"())\n",[20,7107,404],{},[51,7109,7110],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7111,7112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7113,7114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7115,3953],{"class":734},[20,7117,7118,7119,117],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[30,7120,7122],{"href":7121},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[46,7124,7126],{"id":7125},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7128,7129],{},"The basic syntax is:",[51,7131,7133],{"className":53,"code":7132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bool(value)\n",[15,7134,7135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7136,7137,7139,7141,7143],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7138,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7140,124],{"class":74},[60,7142,315],{"class":120},[60,7144,133],{"class":74},[20,7146,1900,7147,7149],{},[15,7148,315],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[260,7151,7152,7154,7156,7158,7160,7163,7165],{},[263,7153,380],{},[263,7155,5218],{},[263,7157,5209],{},[263,7159,5212],{},[263,7161,7162],{},"dictionaries",[263,7164,5215],{},[263,7166,7167],{},"other objects",[20,7169,7170,7171,117],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7172,3588],{},[20,7174,2127],{},[51,7176,7178],{"className":53,"code":7177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7179,7180,7194,7213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7181,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7183,140],{"class":139},[60,7185,124],{"class":74},[60,7187,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7189,124],{"class":74},[60,7191,2250],{"class":357},[60,7193,1691],{"class":74},[60,7195,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206,7209,7211],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7197,140],{"class":139},[60,7199,124],{"class":74},[60,7201,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7203,124],{"class":74},[60,7205,79],{"class":78},[60,7207,7208],{"class":82},"Python",[60,7210,79],{"class":78},[60,7212,1691],{"class":74},[60,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7216,140],{"class":139},[60,7218,124],{"class":74},[60,7220,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7222,7105],{"class":74},[20,7224,404],{},[51,7226,7228],{"className":53,"code":7227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7229,7230,7234,7238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7231,7232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7233,3892],{"class":734},[60,7235,7236],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7237,3892],{"class":734},[60,7239,7240],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7241,3953],{"class":734},[46,7243,7245],{"id":7244},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7247,7248,7249,7251],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[41,7250,5507],{}," values.",[20,7253,7254],{},"Common examples:",[260,7256,7257,7261,7265,7269,7273,7278,7282,7286],{},[263,7258,7259],{},[15,7260,2039],{},[263,7262,7263],{},[15,7264,3682],{},[263,7266,7267],{},[15,7268,6184],{},[263,7270,7271],{},[15,7272,3700],{},[263,7274,7275],{},[15,7276,7277],{},"()",[263,7279,7280],{},[15,7281,3705],{},[263,7283,7284],{},[15,7285,3710],{},[263,7287,7288],{},[15,7289,277],{},[20,7291,2127],{},[51,7293,7295],{"className":53,"code":7294,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7296,7297,7311,7325,7339,7349,7359,7370,7384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7298,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7300,140],{"class":139},[60,7302,124],{"class":74},[60,7304,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7306,124],{"class":74},[60,7308,2039],{"class":357},[60,7310,1691],{"class":74},[60,7312,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7314,140],{"class":139},[60,7316,124],{"class":74},[60,7318,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7320,124],{"class":74},[60,7322,3682],{"class":357},[60,7324,1691],{"class":74},[60,7326,7327,7329,7331,7333,7335,7337],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7328,140],{"class":139},[60,7330,124],{"class":74},[60,7332,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7334,124],{"class":74},[60,7336,6184],{"class":78},[60,7338,1691],{"class":74},[60,7340,7341,7343,7345,7347],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7342,140],{"class":139},[60,7344,124],{"class":74},[60,7346,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7348,4339],{"class":74},[60,7350,7351,7353,7355,7357],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,7352,140],{"class":139},[60,7354,124],{"class":74},[60,7356,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7358,4397],{"class":74},[60,7360,7361,7363,7365,7367],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,7362,140],{"class":139},[60,7364,124],{"class":74},[60,7366,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7368,7369],{"class":74},"({}))\n",[60,7371,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,7373,140],{"class":139},[60,7375,124],{"class":74},[60,7377,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7379,124],{"class":74},[60,7381,1718],{"class":1683},[60,7383,6201],{"class":74},[60,7385,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,7387,140],{"class":139},[60,7389,124],{"class":74},[60,7391,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7393,124],{"class":74},[60,7395,277],{"class":734},[60,7397,1691],{"class":74},[20,7399,404],{},[51,7401,7403],{"className":53,"code":7402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7404,7405,7409,7413,7417,7421,7425,7429,7433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7406,7407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7408,3953],{"class":734},[60,7410,7411],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7412,3953],{"class":734},[60,7414,7415],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7416,3953],{"class":734},[60,7418,7419],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7420,3953],{"class":734},[60,7422,7423],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,7424,3953],{"class":734},[60,7426,7427],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,7428,3953],{"class":734},[60,7430,7431],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,7432,3953],{"class":734},[60,7434,7435],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,7436,3953],{"class":734},[46,7438,7440],{"id":7439},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7442,7443,7444,7446,7447,7251],{},"Many values become ",[15,7445,3520],{},". These are often called ",[41,7448,5504],{},[20,7450,7254],{},[260,7452,7453,7456,7459,7462,7465,7468],{},[263,7454,7455],{},"non-zero numbers",[263,7457,7458],{},"non-empty strings",[263,7460,7461],{},"non-empty lists",[263,7463,7464],{},"non-empty tuples",[263,7466,7467],{},"non-empty sets",[263,7469,7470],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7472,2127],{},[51,7474,7476],{"className":53,"code":7475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7477,7478,7492,7508,7526,7548,7566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7479,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7481,140],{"class":139},[60,7483,124],{"class":74},[60,7485,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7487,124],{"class":74},[60,7489,2056],{"class":357},[60,7491,1691],{"class":74},[60,7493,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7495,140],{"class":139},[60,7497,124],{"class":74},[60,7499,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7501,124],{"class":74},[60,7503,1942],{"class":70},[60,7505,1303],{"class":357},[60,7507,1691],{"class":74},[60,7509,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7511,140],{"class":139},[60,7513,124],{"class":74},[60,7515,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7517,124],{"class":74},[60,7519,79],{"class":78},[60,7521,3759],{"class":82},[60,7523,79],{"class":78},[60,7525,1691],{"class":74},[60,7527,7528,7530,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7546],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7529,140],{"class":139},[60,7531,124],{"class":74},[60,7533,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7535,1641],{"class":74},[60,7537,358],{"class":357},[60,7539,88],{"class":74},[60,7541,363],{"class":357},[60,7543,88],{"class":74},[60,7545,368],{"class":357},[60,7547,2913],{"class":74},[60,7549,7550,7552,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,7551,140],{"class":139},[60,7553,124],{"class":74},[60,7555,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7557,5421],{"class":74},[60,7559,358],{"class":357},[60,7561,88],{"class":74},[60,7563,363],{"class":357},[60,7565,2827],{"class":74},[60,7567,7568,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578,7581,7583,7585,7587,7590,7592],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,7569,140],{"class":139},[60,7571,124],{"class":74},[60,7573,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7575,5440],{"class":74},[60,7577,79],{"class":78},[60,7579,7580],{"class":82},"name",[60,7582,79],{"class":78},[60,7584,258],{"class":74},[60,7586,91],{"class":78},[60,7588,7589],{"class":82},"Sam",[60,7591,79],{"class":78},[60,7593,5449],{"class":74},[20,7595,404],{},[51,7597,7599],{"className":53,"code":7598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7600,7601,7605,7609,7613,7617,7621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7602,7603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7604,3892],{"class":734},[60,7606,7607],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7608,3892],{"class":734},[60,7610,7611],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7612,3892],{"class":734},[60,7614,7615],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7616,3892],{"class":734},[60,7618,7619],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,7620,3892],{"class":734},[60,7622,7623],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,7624,3892],{"class":734},[20,7626,7627],{},"One important example is this:",[51,7629,7631],{"className":53,"code":7630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7632,7633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7634,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647,7649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7636,140],{"class":139},[60,7638,124],{"class":74},[60,7640,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7642,124],{"class":74},[60,7644,79],{"class":78},[60,7646,3588],{"class":82},[60,7648,79],{"class":78},[60,7650,1691],{"class":74},[20,7652,404],{},[51,7654,7655],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7656,7657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7658,7659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7660,3892],{"class":734},[20,7662,7663,7664,7666,7667,117],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7665,6591],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7668,3520],{},[46,7670,7672],{"id":7671},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7674,7675,7676,7678],{},"You can use ",[15,7677,3726],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[337,7680,7682],{"id":7681},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[51,7684,7686],{"className":53,"code":7685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7687,7688,7710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7689,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700,7703,7705,7708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7691,486],{"class":66},[60,7693,71],{"class":70},[60,7695,1512],{"class":74},[60,7697,2250],{"class":357},[60,7699,88],{"class":74},[60,7701,7702],{"class":357}," 20",[60,7704,88],{"class":74},[60,7706,7707],{"class":357}," 30",[60,7709,1525],{"class":74},[60,7711,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7713,140],{"class":139},[60,7715,124],{"class":74},[60,7717,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7719,124],{"class":74},[60,7721,517],{"class":120},[60,7723,1691],{"class":74},[20,7725,404],{},[51,7727,7728],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7729,7730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7731,7732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7733,3892],{"class":734},[20,7735,7736],{},"With an empty list:",[51,7738,7740],{"className":53,"code":7739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7741,7742,7751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7743,7744,7746,7748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7745,486],{"class":66},[60,7747,71],{"class":70},[60,7749,7750],{"class":74}," []\n",[60,7752,7753,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7754,140],{"class":139},[60,7756,124],{"class":74},[60,7758,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7760,124],{"class":74},[60,7762,517],{"class":120},[60,7764,1691],{"class":74},[20,7766,404],{},[51,7768,7769],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7770,7771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7772,7773],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7774,3953],{"class":734},[337,7776,7778],{"id":7777},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[51,7780,7782],{"className":53,"code":7781,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7783,7784,7794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7785,7786,7789,7791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7787,7788],{"class":66},"name ",[60,7790,71],{"class":70},[60,7792,7793],{"class":78}," \"\"\n",[60,7795,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7797,140],{"class":139},[60,7799,124],{"class":74},[60,7801,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7803,124],{"class":74},[60,7805,7580],{"class":120},[60,7807,1691],{"class":74},[20,7809,404],{},[51,7811,7812],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7813,7814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7815,7816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7817,3953],{"class":734},[51,7819,7821],{"className":53,"code":7820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7822,7823,7836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7824,7825,7827,7829,7831,7834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7826,7788],{"class":66},[60,7828,71],{"class":70},[60,7830,91],{"class":78},[60,7832,7833],{"class":82},"Mia",[60,7835,3273],{"class":78},[60,7837,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7839,140],{"class":139},[60,7841,124],{"class":74},[60,7843,3781],{"class":1683},[60,7845,124],{"class":74},[60,7847,7580],{"class":120},[60,7849,1691],{"class":74},[20,7851,404],{},[51,7853,7854],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7855,7856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7857,7858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7859,3892],{"class":734},[337,7861,7863],{"id":7862},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[51,7865,7867],{"className":53,"code":7866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7868,7869,7883,7900,7904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7870,7871,7874,7876,7878,7881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7872,7873],{"class":66},"username ",[60,7875,71],{"class":70},[60,7877,91],{"class":78},[60,7879,7880],{"class":82},"alex",[60,7882,3273],{"class":78},[60,7884,7885,7888,7890,7893,7895,7898],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7886,7887],{"class":66},"has_name ",[60,7889,71],{"class":70},[60,7891,7892],{"class":1683}," bool",[60,7894,124],{"class":74},[60,7896,7897],{"class":120},"username",[60,7899,133],{"class":74},[60,7901,7902],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7903,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,7905,7906,7908,7910,7913],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7907,140],{"class":139},[60,7909,124],{"class":74},[60,7911,7912],{"class":120},"has_name",[60,7914,133],{"class":74},[20,7916,404],{},[51,7918,7919],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7920,7921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7922,7923],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7924,3892],{"class":734},[20,7926,7927,7928,288,7930,7932],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7929,3520],{},[15,7931,3588],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[337,7934,7936],{"id":7935},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7938,7939],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[51,7941,7943],{"className":53,"code":7942,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7944,7945,7965,7969,7977],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7946,7947,7949,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7948,350],{"class":66},[60,7950,71],{"class":70},[60,7952,1512],{"class":74},[60,7954,358],{"class":357},[60,7956,88],{"class":74},[60,7958,363],{"class":357},[60,7960,88],{"class":74},[60,7962,368],{"class":357},[60,7964,1525],{"class":74},[60,7966,7967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7968,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,7970,7971,7973,7975],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,7972,1154],{"class":1153},[60,7974,1294],{"class":66},[60,7976,1168],{"class":74},[60,7978,7979,7982,7984,7986,7989,7991],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,7980,7981],{"class":139},"    print",[60,7983,124],{"class":74},[60,7985,79],{"class":78},[60,7987,7988],{"class":82},"The list is not empty",[60,7990,79],{"class":78},[60,7992,133],{"class":74},[20,7994,404],{},[51,7996,7998],{"className":53,"code":7997,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7999,8000],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8001,8002,8004,8007,8010,8013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8003,1900],{"class":66},[60,8005,8006],{"class":1683},"list",[60,8008,8009],{"class":70}," is",[60,8011,8012],{"class":70}," not",[60,8014,8015],{"class":66}," empty\n",[20,8017,8018,8019,117],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[30,8020,8022],{"href":8021},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[46,8024,8026],{"id":8025},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8028,8029,8030,8032],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8031,3726],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8034,8035],{},"It does not do that.",[337,8037,8039,641,8042],{"id":8038},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8040,8041],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8043,3520],{},[51,8045,8046],{"className":53,"code":7630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8047,8048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8049,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060,8062,8064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8051,140],{"class":139},[60,8053,124],{"class":74},[60,8055,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8057,124],{"class":74},[60,8059,79],{"class":78},[60,8061,3588],{"class":82},[60,8063,79],{"class":78},[60,8065,1691],{"class":74},[20,8067,404],{},[51,8069,8070],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8071,8072],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8073,8074],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8075,3892],{"class":734},[337,8077,8079,641,8082],{"id":8078},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8080,8081],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8083,3520],{},[51,8085,8087],{"className":53,"code":8086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8088,8089],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8090,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8092,140],{"class":139},[60,8094,124],{"class":74},[60,8096,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8098,124],{"class":74},[60,8100,79],{"class":78},[60,8102,2039],{"class":82},[60,8104,79],{"class":78},[60,8106,1691],{"class":74},[20,8108,404],{},[51,8110,8111],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8112,8113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8114,8115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8116,3892],{"class":734},[20,8118,8119,8120,117],{},"This happens because both values are ",[41,8121,7458],{},[20,8123,8124,8126],{},[15,8125,3726],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8128,8129,8130,8135,8136,8138],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[30,8131,8133],{"href":8132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8134,2873],{},", because ",[15,8137,2873],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8140,2127],{},[51,8142,8144],{"className":53,"code":8143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8145,8146,8167],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8147,8148,8151,8153,8156,8158,8160,8163,8165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8149,8150],{"class":66},"user_value ",[60,8152,71],{"class":70},[60,8154,8155],{"class":139}," input",[60,8157,124],{"class":74},[60,8159,79],{"class":78},[60,8161,8162],{"class":82},"Enter True or False: ",[60,8164,79],{"class":78},[60,8166,133],{"class":74},[60,8168,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177,8180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8170,140],{"class":139},[60,8172,124],{"class":74},[60,8174,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8176,124],{"class":74},[60,8178,8179],{"class":120},"user_value",[60,8181,1691],{"class":74},[20,8183,8184,8185,8187,8188,8135,8190,8192],{},"If the user types ",[15,8186,3588],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8189,3520],{},[15,8191,6591],{}," is not empty.",[46,8194,8196],{"id":8195},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8198,8199,8200,8202,8203,8205],{},"In many ",[15,8201,1154],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8204,3726],{}," yourself.",[20,8207,8208],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8210,8211],{},"Instead of this:",[51,8213,8215],{"className":53,"code":8214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8216,8217,8238,8242,8256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8218,8219,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8220,8221],{"class":66},"my_list ",[60,8223,71],{"class":70},[60,8225,1512],{"class":74},[60,8227,358],{"class":357},[60,8229,88],{"class":74},[60,8231,363],{"class":357},[60,8233,88],{"class":74},[60,8235,368],{"class":357},[60,8237,1525],{"class":74},[60,8239,8240],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8241,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8253],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,8245,1154],{"class":1153},[60,8247,7892],{"class":1683},[60,8249,124],{"class":74},[60,8251,8252],{"class":120},"my_list",[60,8254,8255],{"class":74},"):\n",[60,8257,8258,8260,8262,8264,8267,8269],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,8259,7981],{"class":139},[60,8261,124],{"class":74},[60,8263,79],{"class":78},[60,8265,8266],{"class":82},"List has items",[60,8268,79],{"class":78},[60,8270,133],{"class":74},[20,8272,8273],{},"You can simply write:",[51,8275,8277],{"className":53,"code":8276,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8278,8279,8299,8303,8312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8280,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293,8295,8297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8282,8221],{"class":66},[60,8284,71],{"class":70},[60,8286,1512],{"class":74},[60,8288,358],{"class":357},[60,8290,88],{"class":74},[60,8292,363],{"class":357},[60,8294,88],{"class":74},[60,8296,368],{"class":357},[60,8298,1525],{"class":74},[60,8300,8301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8302,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,8304,8305,8307,8310],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,8306,1154],{"class":1153},[60,8308,8309],{"class":66}," my_list",[60,8311,1168],{"class":74},[60,8313,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,8315,7981],{"class":139},[60,8317,124],{"class":74},[60,8319,79],{"class":78},[60,8321,8266],{"class":82},[60,8323,79],{"class":78},[60,8325,133],{"class":74},[20,8327,8328],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8330,8331,8332,8334],{},"Using ",[15,8333,3726],{}," is still helpful when:",[260,8336,8337,8340,8348],{},[263,8338,8339],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[263,8341,8342,8343,288,8345,8347],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8344,3520],{},[15,8346,3588],{}," value",[263,8349,8350],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8352,8353,8354,117],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[30,8355,8356],{"href":2218},"Python type() function explained",[46,8358,1245],{"id":1244},[20,8360,1248,8361,117],{},[15,8362,3726],{},[337,8364,1254,8366,8368,8369],{"id":8365},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8367,8041],{}," to return ",[15,8370,3588],{},[20,8372,8373],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[51,8375,8376],{"className":53,"code":7630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8377,8378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8379,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8390,8392,8394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8381,140],{"class":139},[60,8383,124],{"class":74},[60,8385,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8387,124],{"class":74},[60,8389,79],{"class":78},[60,8391,3588],{"class":82},[60,8393,79],{"class":78},[60,8395,1691],{"class":74},[20,8397,404],{},[51,8399,8400],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8401,8402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8403,8404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8405,3892],{"class":734},[20,8407,8408,8409,6592],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8410,6591],{},[20,8412,8413],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[51,8415,8417],{"className":53,"code":8416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8418,8419,8431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8420,8421,8423,8425,8427,8429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8422,1700],{"class":66},[60,8424,71],{"class":70},[60,8426,91],{"class":78},[60,8428,3588],{"class":82},[60,8430,3273],{"class":78},[60,8432,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8434,140],{"class":139},[60,8436,124],{"class":74},[60,8438,1700],{"class":120},[60,8440,4599],{"class":70},[60,8442,91],{"class":78},[60,8444,3520],{"class":82},[60,8446,79],{"class":78},[60,8448,133],{"class":74},[20,8450,404],{},[51,8452,8453],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8454,8455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8456,8457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8458,3953],{"class":734},[337,8460,8462],{"id":8461},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8464,8465,8467],{},[15,8466,2873],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[51,8469,8471],{"className":53,"code":8470,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8472,8473,8492],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8474,8475,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485,8488,8490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8476,1700],{"class":66},[60,8478,71],{"class":70},[60,8480,8155],{"class":139},[60,8482,124],{"class":74},[60,8484,79],{"class":78},[60,8486,8487],{"class":82},"Enter yes or no: ",[60,8489,79],{"class":78},[60,8491,133],{"class":74},[60,8493,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8495,140],{"class":139},[60,8497,124],{"class":74},[60,8499,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8501,124],{"class":74},[60,8503,315],{"class":120},[60,8505,1691],{"class":74},[20,8507,8184,8508,8511,8512,1327,8514,8192],{},[15,8509,8510],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8513,3520],{},[15,8515,8516],{},"\"no\"",[20,8518,8519],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[51,8521,8523],{"className":53,"code":8522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8524,8525,8556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8526,8527,8529,8531,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541,8544,8547,8550,8553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8528,1700],{"class":66},[60,8530,71],{"class":70},[60,8532,8155],{"class":139},[60,8534,124],{"class":74},[60,8536,79],{"class":78},[60,8538,8487],{"class":82},[60,8540,79],{"class":78},[60,8542,8543],{"class":74},").",[60,8545,8546],{"class":120},"strip",[60,8548,8549],{"class":74},"().",[60,8551,8552],{"class":120},"lower",[60,8554,8555],{"class":74},"()\n",[60,8557,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566,8568,8571,8573],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8559,140],{"class":139},[60,8561,124],{"class":74},[60,8563,1700],{"class":120},[60,8565,4599],{"class":70},[60,8567,91],{"class":78},[60,8569,8570],{"class":82},"yes",[60,8572,79],{"class":78},[60,8574,133],{"class":74},[20,8576,8577,8578,8580,8581,117],{},"This gives ",[15,8579,3520],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8582,8570],{},[337,8584,8586],{"id":8585},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8588,8589],{},"These are different:",[260,8591,8592,8596,8600,8604,8608],{},[263,8593,8594],{},[15,8595,3588],{},[263,8597,8598],{},[15,8599,2039],{},[263,8601,8602],{},[15,8603,6184],{},[263,8605,8606],{},[15,8607,3700],{},[263,8609,8610],{},[15,8611,277],{},[20,8613,8614,8615,1394,8617,8619],{},"They all become ",[15,8616,3588],{},[15,8618,3726],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8621,8622],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[51,8624,8626],{"className":53,"code":8625,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8627,8628,8636,8650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8629,8630,8632,8634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8631,1700],{"class":66},[60,8633,71],{"class":70},[60,8635,7750],{"class":74},[60,8637,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8639,140],{"class":139},[60,8641,124],{"class":74},[60,8643,1684],{"class":1683},[60,8645,124],{"class":74},[60,8647,315],{"class":120},[60,8649,1691],{"class":74},[60,8651,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,8653,140],{"class":139},[60,8655,124],{"class":74},[60,8657,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8659,124],{"class":74},[60,8661,315],{"class":120},[60,8663,1691],{"class":74},[20,8665,404],{},[51,8667,8669],{"className":53,"code":8668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8670,8671,8685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8672,8673,8675,8677,8679,8681,8683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8674,3205],{"class":70},[60,8676,3208],{"class":1984},[60,8678,214],{"class":78},[60,8680,8006],{"class":82},[60,8682,205],{"class":78},[60,8684,3217],{"class":70},[60,8686,8687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8688,3953],{"class":734},[337,8690,8331,8692,8694],{"id":8691},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8693,3705],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8696,8697,8698,8700],{},"In Python, ",[15,8699,3705],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[51,8702,8704],{"className":53,"code":8703,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8705,8706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8707,8708,8710,8712,8714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8709,140],{"class":139},[60,8711,124],{"class":74},[60,8713,1684],{"class":1683},[60,8715,7369],{"class":74},[20,8717,404],{},[51,8719,8721],{"className":53,"code":8720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8722,8723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8724,8725,8727,8729,8731,8734,8736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8726,3205],{"class":70},[60,8728,3208],{"class":1984},[60,8730,214],{"class":78},[60,8732,8733],{"class":82},"dict",[60,8735,205],{"class":78},[60,8737,3217],{"class":70},[20,8739,8740],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[51,8742,8744],{"className":53,"code":8743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8745,8746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8747,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8749,140],{"class":139},[60,8751,124],{"class":74},[60,8753,1684],{"class":1683},[60,8755,124],{"class":74},[60,8757,1718],{"class":1683},[60,8759,6201],{"class":74},[20,8761,404],{},[51,8763,8765],{"className":53,"code":8764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8766,8767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8768,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8770,3205],{"class":70},[60,8772,3208],{"class":1984},[60,8774,214],{"class":78},[60,8776,1718],{"class":82},[60,8778,205],{"class":78},[60,8780,3217],{"class":70},[46,8782,1653],{"id":1652},[20,8784,1656,8785,8787],{},[15,8786,3726],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[51,8789,8791],{"className":53,"code":8790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8792,8793,8807,8821,8831,8849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8794,8795,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8796,140],{"class":139},[60,8798,124],{"class":74},[60,8800,3781],{"class":1683},[60,8802,124],{"class":74},[60,8804,315],{"class":120},[60,8806,1691],{"class":74},[60,8808,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8810,140],{"class":139},[60,8812,124],{"class":74},[60,8814,1684],{"class":1683},[60,8816,124],{"class":74},[60,8818,315],{"class":120},[60,8820,1691],{"class":74},[60,8822,8823,8825,8827,8829],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,8824,140],{"class":139},[60,8826,124],{"class":74},[60,8828,315],{"class":120},[60,8830,133],{"class":74},[60,8832,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,8834,140],{"class":139},[60,8836,124],{"class":74},[60,8838,1700],{"class":120},[60,8840,4599],{"class":70},[60,8842,91],{"class":78},[60,8844,3520],{"class":82},[60,8846,79],{"class":78},[60,8848,133],{"class":74},[60,8850,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,8852,140],{"class":139},[60,8854,124],{"class":74},[60,8856,315],{"class":120},[60,8858,117],{"class":74},[60,8860,8546],{"class":120},[60,8862,8549],{"class":74},[60,8864,8552],{"class":120},[60,8866,7105],{"class":74},[20,8868,8869],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[260,8871,8872,8875,8878,8881],{},[263,8873,8874],{},"what the value really is",[263,8876,8877],{},"whether it is a string",[263,8879,8880],{},"whether it contains spaces",[263,8882,8883],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8885,8886,8887,117],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[30,8888,8890],{"href":8889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[46,8892,1746],{"id":1745},[337,8894,8896],{"id":8895},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8898,8899,8900,288,8902,117],{},"It returns either ",[15,8901,3520],{},[15,8903,3588],{},[337,8905,8907],{"id":8906},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8909,1766,8910,117],{},[15,8911,3588],{},[337,8913,8915],{"id":8914},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8917,8918,8919,117],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8920,3520],{},[337,8922,8924],{"id":8923},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8926,8927,8928,117],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8929,3588],{},[337,8931,8933],{"id":8932},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8935,8936,8937,288,8939,3651],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8938,3520],{},[15,8940,3588],{},[46,8942,1808],{"id":1807},[260,8944,8945,8950,8954,8959,8963,8968],{},[263,8946,8947],{},[30,8948,8949],{"href":5688},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[263,8951,8952],{},[30,8953,8022],{"href":8021},[263,8955,8956],{},[30,8957,8958],{"href":8132},"Python input() function explained",[263,8960,8961],{},[30,8962,8356],{"href":2218},[263,8964,8965],{},[30,8966,8967],{"href":8889},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[263,8969,8970],{},[30,8971,8972],{"href":7121},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1841,8974,8975],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":8977},[8978,8979,8980,8981,8982,8983,8989,8995,8996,9004,9005,9012],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":7058,"depth":111,"text":7059},{"id":7125,"depth":111,"text":7126},{"id":7244,"depth":111,"text":7245},{"id":7439,"depth":111,"text":7440},{"id":7671,"depth":111,"text":7672,"children":8984},[8985,8986,8987,8988],{"id":7681,"depth":136,"text":7682},{"id":7777,"depth":136,"text":7778},{"id":7862,"depth":136,"text":7863},{"id":7935,"depth":136,"text":7936},{"id":8025,"depth":111,"text":8026,"children":8990},[8991,8993],{"id":8038,"depth":136,"text":8992},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8078,"depth":136,"text":8994},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8195,"depth":111,"text":8196},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":8997},[8998,9000,9001,9002],{"id":8365,"depth":136,"text":8999},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8461,"depth":136,"text":8462},{"id":8585,"depth":136,"text":8586},{"id":8691,"depth":136,"text":9003},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":1652,"depth":111,"text":1653},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":9006},[9007,9008,9009,9010,9011],{"id":8895,"depth":136,"text":8896},{"id":8906,"depth":136,"text":8907},{"id":8914,"depth":136,"text":8915},{"id":8923,"depth":136,"text":8924},{"id":8932,"depth":136,"text":8933},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6886,"description":9013},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9020,"title":9021,"body":9022,"description":11205,"extension":1883,"meta":11206,"navigation":152,"path":11207,"seo":11208,"stem":11209,"__hash__":11210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9023,"toc":11167},[9024,9030,9036,9043,9048,9059,9066,9173,9177,9244,9249,9254,9259,9262,9273,9278,9281,9292,9299,9301,9306,9310,9335,9339,9348,9352,9415,9419,9452,9456,9501,9505,9542,9546,9549,9605,9609,9654,9657,9662,9701,9705,9728,9731,9745,9758,9762,9767,9834,9838,9874,9877,9885,9888,9952,9956,9988,9994,9996,10056,10063,10066,10144,10148,10181,10185,10188,10232,10236,10272,10275,10292,10295,10298,10351,10354,10365,10372,10381,10384,10441,10445,10486,10493,10501,10506,10514,10526,10531,10542,10615,10618,10630,10645,10649,10654,10658,10660,10703,10709,10712,10775,10779,10782,10791,10796,10833,10837,10840,10848,10851,10890,10894,10897,10948,10952,10973,10978,10980,10986,11013,11016,11071,11073,11084,11086,11093,11101,11107,11112,11119,11122,11129,11136,11138,11164],[10,9025,3491,9027,3495],{"id":9026},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9028,9029],{},"dict()",[20,9031,9032,9033,9035],{},"The built-in ",[15,9034,9029],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9037,9038,9039,9042],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[41,9040,9041],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9044,9045,9047],{},[15,9046,9029],{}," is commonly used to:",[260,9049,9050,9053,9056],{},[263,9051,9052],{},"create an empty dictionary",[263,9054,9055],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[263,9057,9058],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9060,9061,9062,117],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[30,9063,9065],{"href":9064},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[51,9067,9069],{"className":53,"code":9068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9070,9071,9105,9115,9119,9158],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9072,9073,9075,9077,9080,9082,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9098,9100,9103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9074,1613],{"class":66},[60,9076,71],{"class":70},[60,9078,9079],{"class":1683}," dict",[60,9081,124],{"class":74},[60,9083,7580],{"class":9084},"s99_P",[60,9086,71],{"class":70},[60,9088,205],{"class":78},[60,9090,4914],{"class":82},[60,9092,205],{"class":78},[60,9094,88],{"class":74},[60,9096,9097],{"class":9084}," age",[60,9099,71],{"class":70},[60,9101,9102],{"class":357},"25",[60,9104,133],{"class":74},[60,9106,9107,9109,9111,9113],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9108,140],{"class":139},[60,9110,124],{"class":74},[60,9112,1634],{"class":120},[60,9114,133],{"class":74},[60,9116,9117],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,9118,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,9120,9121,9124,9126,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139,9142,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,9122,9123],{"class":66},"pairs ",[60,9125,71],{"class":70},[60,9127,9128],{"class":74}," [(",[60,9130,205],{"class":78},[60,9132,30],{"class":82},[60,9134,205],{"class":78},[60,9136,88],{"class":74},[60,9138,5408],{"class":357},[60,9140,9141],{"class":74},"),",[60,9143,9144],{"class":74}," (",[60,9146,205],{"class":78},[60,9148,1428],{"class":82},[60,9150,205],{"class":78},[60,9152,88],{"class":74},[60,9154,363],{"class":357},[60,9156,9157],{"class":74},")]\n",[60,9159,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9171],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,9161,140],{"class":139},[60,9163,124],{"class":74},[60,9165,8733],{"class":1683},[60,9167,124],{"class":74},[60,9169,9170],{"class":120},"pairs",[60,9172,1691],{"class":74},[20,9174,9175],{},[41,9176,404],{},[51,9178,9180],{"className":53,"code":9179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9181,9182,9216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9183,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200,9202,9204,9207,9209,9211,9214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9185,202],{"class":74},[60,9187,205],{"class":78},[60,9189,7580],{"class":82},[60,9191,205],{"class":78},[60,9193,258],{"class":74},[60,9195,214],{"class":78},[60,9197,4914],{"class":82},[60,9199,205],{"class":78},[60,9201,88],{"class":74},[60,9203,214],{"class":78},[60,9205,9206],{"class":82},"age",[60,9208,205],{"class":78},[60,9210,258],{"class":74},[60,9212,9213],{"class":357}," 25",[60,9215,108],{"class":74},[60,9217,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9219,202],{"class":74},[60,9221,205],{"class":78},[60,9223,30],{"class":82},[60,9225,205],{"class":78},[60,9227,258],{"class":74},[60,9229,5408],{"class":357},[60,9231,88],{"class":74},[60,9233,214],{"class":78},[60,9235,1428],{"class":82},[60,9237,205],{"class":78},[60,9239,258],{"class":74},[60,9241,363],{"class":357},[60,9243,108],{"class":74},[20,9245,243,9246,9248],{},[15,9247,9029],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[46,9250,250,9252,253],{"id":9251},"what-dict-does",[15,9253,9029],{},[20,9255,9256,9258],{},[15,9257,9029],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9260,9261],{},"A dictionary:",[260,9263,9264,9267,9270],{},[263,9265,9266],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[263,9268,9269],{},"lets you look up values by key",[263,9271,9272],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9274,9275,9277],{},[15,9276,9029],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9279,9280],{},"Common uses include:",[260,9282,9283,9286,9289],{},[263,9284,9285],{},"making an empty dictionary",[263,9287,9288],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[263,9290,9291],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9293,9294,9295,117],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[30,9296,9298],{"href":9297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[46,9300,296],{"id":295},[20,9302,9303,9305],{},[15,9304,9029],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[337,9307,9309],{"id":9308},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[51,9311,9313],{"className":53,"code":9312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9314,9315,9325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9316,9317,9319,9321,9323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9318,1613],{"class":66},[60,9320,71],{"class":70},[60,9322,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9324,8555],{"class":74},[60,9326,9327,9329,9331,9333],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9328,140],{"class":139},[60,9330,124],{"class":74},[60,9332,1634],{"class":120},[60,9334,133],{"class":74},[20,9336,9337],{},[41,9338,404],{},[51,9340,9342],{"className":53,"code":9341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n",[15,9343,9344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9345,9346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9347,9341],{"class":74},[337,9349,9351],{"id":9350},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[51,9353,9355],{"className":53,"code":9354,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9356,9357,9391,9405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9358,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9360,9123],{"class":66},[60,9362,71],{"class":70},[60,9364,9128],{"class":74},[60,9366,205],{"class":78},[60,9368,30],{"class":82},[60,9370,205],{"class":78},[60,9372,88],{"class":74},[60,9374,5408],{"class":357},[60,9376,9141],{"class":74},[60,9378,9144],{"class":74},[60,9380,205],{"class":78},[60,9382,1428],{"class":82},[60,9384,205],{"class":78},[60,9386,88],{"class":74},[60,9388,363],{"class":357},[60,9390,9157],{"class":74},[60,9392,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9394,1613],{"class":66},[60,9396,71],{"class":70},[60,9398,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9400,124],{"class":74},[60,9402,9170],{"class":120},[60,9404,133],{"class":74},[60,9406,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,9408,140],{"class":139},[60,9410,124],{"class":74},[60,9412,1634],{"class":120},[60,9414,133],{"class":74},[20,9416,9417],{},[41,9418,404],{},[51,9420,9422],{"className":53,"code":9421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9423,9424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9427,202],{"class":74},[60,9429,205],{"class":78},[60,9431,30],{"class":82},[60,9433,205],{"class":78},[60,9435,258],{"class":74},[60,9437,5408],{"class":357},[60,9439,88],{"class":74},[60,9441,214],{"class":78},[60,9443,1428],{"class":82},[60,9445,205],{"class":78},[60,9447,258],{"class":74},[60,9449,363],{"class":357},[60,9451,108],{"class":74},[337,9453,9455],{"id":9454},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[51,9457,9459],{"className":53,"code":9458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9460,9461,9491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9462,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9464,1613],{"class":66},[60,9466,71],{"class":70},[60,9468,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9470,124],{"class":74},[60,9472,7580],{"class":9084},[60,9474,71],{"class":70},[60,9476,205],{"class":78},[60,9478,4914],{"class":82},[60,9480,205],{"class":78},[60,9482,88],{"class":74},[60,9484,9097],{"class":9084},[60,9486,71],{"class":70},[60,9488,9102],{"class":357},[60,9490,133],{"class":74},[60,9492,9493,9495,9497,9499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9494,140],{"class":139},[60,9496,124],{"class":74},[60,9498,1634],{"class":120},[60,9500,133],{"class":74},[20,9502,9503],{},[41,9504,404],{},[51,9506,9508],{"className":53,"code":9507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9509,9510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9511,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9513,202],{"class":74},[60,9515,205],{"class":78},[60,9517,7580],{"class":82},[60,9519,205],{"class":78},[60,9521,258],{"class":74},[60,9523,214],{"class":78},[60,9525,4914],{"class":82},[60,9527,205],{"class":78},[60,9529,88],{"class":74},[60,9531,214],{"class":78},[60,9533,9206],{"class":82},[60,9535,205],{"class":78},[60,9537,258],{"class":74},[60,9539,9213],{"class":357},[60,9541,108],{"class":74},[337,9543,9545],{"id":9544},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9547,9548],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[51,9550,9552],{"className":53,"code":9551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9553,9554,9595],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9555,9556,9558,9560,9562,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9589,9591,9593],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9557,1613],{"class":66},[60,9559,71],{"class":70},[60,9561,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9563,9564],{"class":74},"([(",[60,9566,205],{"class":78},[60,9568,30],{"class":82},[60,9570,205],{"class":78},[60,9572,88],{"class":74},[60,9574,5408],{"class":357},[60,9576,9577],{"class":74},")],",[60,9579,2476],{"class":9084},[60,9581,71],{"class":70},[60,9583,1303],{"class":357},[60,9585,88],{"class":74},[60,9587,9588],{"class":9084}," c",[60,9590,71],{"class":70},[60,9592,389],{"class":357},[60,9594,133],{"class":74},[60,9596,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9598,140],{"class":139},[60,9600,124],{"class":74},[60,9602,1634],{"class":120},[60,9604,133],{"class":74},[20,9606,9607],{},[41,9608,404],{},[51,9610,9612],{"className":53,"code":9611,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9613,9614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9617,202],{"class":74},[60,9619,205],{"class":78},[60,9621,30],{"class":82},[60,9623,205],{"class":78},[60,9625,258],{"class":74},[60,9627,5408],{"class":357},[60,9629,88],{"class":74},[60,9631,214],{"class":78},[60,9633,1428],{"class":82},[60,9635,205],{"class":78},[60,9637,258],{"class":74},[60,9639,363],{"class":357},[60,9641,88],{"class":74},[60,9643,214],{"class":78},[60,9645,1437],{"class":82},[60,9647,205],{"class":78},[60,9649,258],{"class":74},[60,9651,368],{"class":357},[60,9653,108],{"class":74},[46,9655,9309],{"id":9656},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9658,243,9659,9661],{},[15,9660,9029],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[51,9663,9665],{"className":53,"code":9664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9666,9667,9677,9691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9668,9669,9671,9673,9675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9670,1613],{"class":66},[60,9672,71],{"class":70},[60,9674,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9676,8555],{"class":74},[60,9678,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9680,140],{"class":139},[60,9682,124],{"class":74},[60,9684,1684],{"class":1683},[60,9686,124],{"class":74},[60,9688,1634],{"class":120},[60,9690,1691],{"class":74},[60,9692,9693,9695,9697,9699],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,9694,140],{"class":139},[60,9696,124],{"class":74},[60,9698,1634],{"class":120},[60,9700,133],{"class":74},[20,9702,9703],{},[41,9704,404],{},[51,9706,9708],{"className":53,"code":9707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9709,9710,9724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9711,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9713,3205],{"class":70},[60,9715,3208],{"class":1984},[60,9717,214],{"class":78},[60,9719,8733],{"class":82},[60,9721,205],{"class":78},[60,9723,3217],{"class":70},[60,9725,9726],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9727,9341],{"class":74},[20,9729,9730],{},"This gives the same result as:",[51,9732,9734],{"className":53,"code":9733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n",[15,9735,9736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9737,9738,9740,9742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9739,1613],{"class":66},[60,9741,71],{"class":70},[60,9743,9744],{"class":74}," {}\n",[20,9746,9747,9748,9750,9751,9754,9755,9757],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9749,3705],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9752,9753],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9756,9029],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[46,9759,9761],{"id":9760},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9763,9764,9765,117],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9766,9029],{},[51,9768,9770],{"className":53,"code":9769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9771,9772,9810,9824],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9775,9123],{"class":66},[60,9777,71],{"class":70},[60,9779,9128],{"class":74},[60,9781,205],{"class":78},[60,9783,7580],{"class":82},[60,9785,205],{"class":78},[60,9787,88],{"class":74},[60,9789,214],{"class":78},[60,9791,4914],{"class":82},[60,9793,205],{"class":78},[60,9795,9141],{"class":74},[60,9797,9144],{"class":74},[60,9799,205],{"class":78},[60,9801,9206],{"class":82},[60,9803,205],{"class":78},[60,9805,88],{"class":74},[60,9807,9213],{"class":357},[60,9809,9157],{"class":74},[60,9811,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9813,1613],{"class":66},[60,9815,71],{"class":70},[60,9817,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9819,124],{"class":74},[60,9821,9170],{"class":120},[60,9823,133],{"class":74},[60,9825,9826,9828,9830,9832],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,9827,140],{"class":139},[60,9829,124],{"class":74},[60,9831,1634],{"class":120},[60,9833,133],{"class":74},[20,9835,9836],{},[41,9837,404],{},[51,9839,9840],{"className":53,"code":9507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9841,9842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9843,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9845,202],{"class":74},[60,9847,205],{"class":78},[60,9849,7580],{"class":82},[60,9851,205],{"class":78},[60,9853,258],{"class":74},[60,9855,214],{"class":78},[60,9857,4914],{"class":82},[60,9859,205],{"class":78},[60,9861,88],{"class":74},[60,9863,214],{"class":78},[60,9865,9206],{"class":82},[60,9867,205],{"class":78},[60,9869,258],{"class":74},[60,9871,9213],{"class":357},[60,9873,108],{"class":74},[20,9875,9876],{},"Each pair becomes:",[260,9878,9879,9882],{},[263,9880,9881],{},"the first item as the key",[263,9883,9884],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9886,9887],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[51,9889,9891],{"className":53,"code":9890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9892,9893,9928,9942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9894,9895,9897,9899,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9896,9123],{"class":66},[60,9898,71],{"class":70},[60,9900,9901],{"class":74}," ((",[60,9903,205],{"class":78},[60,9905,30],{"class":82},[60,9907,205],{"class":78},[60,9909,88],{"class":74},[60,9911,5408],{"class":357},[60,9913,9141],{"class":74},[60,9915,9144],{"class":74},[60,9917,205],{"class":78},[60,9919,1428],{"class":82},[60,9921,205],{"class":78},[60,9923,88],{"class":74},[60,9925,363],{"class":357},[60,9927,1691],{"class":74},[60,9929,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9931,1613],{"class":66},[60,9933,71],{"class":70},[60,9935,9079],{"class":1683},[60,9937,124],{"class":74},[60,9939,9170],{"class":120},[60,9941,133],{"class":74},[60,9943,9944,9946,9948,9950],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,9945,140],{"class":139},[60,9947,124],{"class":74},[60,9949,1634],{"class":120},[60,9951,133],{"class":74},[20,9953,9954],{},[41,9955,404],{},[51,9957,9958],{"className":53,"code":9421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9959,9960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9961,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9963,202],{"class":74},[60,9965,205],{"class":78},[60,9967,30],{"class":82},[60,9969,205],{"class":78},[60,9971,258],{"class":74},[60,9973,5408],{"class":357},[60,9975,88],{"class":74},[60,9977,214],{"class":78},[60,9979,1428],{"class":82},[60,9981,205],{"class":78},[60,9983,258],{"class":74},[60,9985,363],{"class":357},[60,9987,108],{"class":74},[20,9989,9990,9991,117],{},"Each item must contain ",[41,9992,9993],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9995,1603],{},[51,9997,9999],{"className":53,"code":9998,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10000,10001,10041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10002,10003,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10004,10005],{"class":66},"bad_data ",[60,10007,71],{"class":70},[60,10009,9128],{"class":74},[60,10011,205],{"class":78},[60,10013,30],{"class":82},[60,10015,205],{"class":78},[60,10017,88],{"class":74},[60,10019,5408],{"class":357},[60,10021,88],{"class":74},[60,10023,10024],{"class":357}," 100",[60,10026,9141],{"class":74},[60,10028,9144],{"class":74},[60,10030,205],{"class":78},[60,10032,1428],{"class":82},[60,10034,205],{"class":78},[60,10036,88],{"class":74},[60,10038,363],{"class":357},[60,10040,9157],{"class":74},[60,10042,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10044,688],{"class":66},[60,10046,71],{"class":70},[60,10048,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10050,124],{"class":74},[60,10052,10053],{"class":120},"bad_data",[60,10055,133],{"class":74},[20,10057,10058,10059,10062],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10060,10061],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10064,10065],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[51,10067,10069],{"className":53,"code":10068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10070,10071,10120,10134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10072,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10074,9123],{"class":66},[60,10076,71],{"class":70},[60,10078,9128],{"class":74},[60,10080,205],{"class":78},[60,10082,30],{"class":82},[60,10084,205],{"class":78},[60,10086,88],{"class":74},[60,10088,5408],{"class":357},[60,10090,9141],{"class":74},[60,10092,9144],{"class":74},[60,10094,205],{"class":78},[60,10096,30],{"class":82},[60,10098,205],{"class":78},[60,10100,88],{"class":74},[60,10102,10103],{"class":357}," 99",[60,10105,9141],{"class":74},[60,10107,9144],{"class":74},[60,10109,205],{"class":78},[60,10111,1428],{"class":82},[60,10113,205],{"class":78},[60,10115,88],{"class":74},[60,10117,363],{"class":357},[60,10119,9157],{"class":74},[60,10121,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10123,1613],{"class":66},[60,10125,71],{"class":70},[60,10127,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10129,124],{"class":74},[60,10131,9170],{"class":120},[60,10133,133],{"class":74},[60,10135,10136,10138,10140,10142],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,10137,140],{"class":139},[60,10139,124],{"class":74},[60,10141,1634],{"class":120},[60,10143,133],{"class":74},[20,10145,10146],{},[41,10147,404],{},[51,10149,10151],{"className":53,"code":10150,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10152,10153],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10154,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10156,202],{"class":74},[60,10158,205],{"class":78},[60,10160,30],{"class":82},[60,10162,205],{"class":78},[60,10164,258],{"class":74},[60,10166,10103],{"class":357},[60,10168,88],{"class":74},[60,10170,214],{"class":78},[60,10172,1428],{"class":82},[60,10174,205],{"class":78},[60,10176,258],{"class":74},[60,10178,363],{"class":357},[60,10180,108],{"class":74},[46,10182,10184],{"id":10183},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10186,10187],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[51,10189,10190],{"className":53,"code":9458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10191,10192,10222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10193,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10195,1613],{"class":66},[60,10197,71],{"class":70},[60,10199,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10201,124],{"class":74},[60,10203,7580],{"class":9084},[60,10205,71],{"class":70},[60,10207,205],{"class":78},[60,10209,4914],{"class":82},[60,10211,205],{"class":78},[60,10213,88],{"class":74},[60,10215,9097],{"class":9084},[60,10217,71],{"class":70},[60,10219,9102],{"class":357},[60,10221,133],{"class":74},[60,10223,10224,10226,10228,10230],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10225,140],{"class":139},[60,10227,124],{"class":74},[60,10229,1634],{"class":120},[60,10231,133],{"class":74},[20,10233,10234],{},[41,10235,404],{},[51,10237,10238],{"className":53,"code":9507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10239,10240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10241,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10243,202],{"class":74},[60,10245,205],{"class":78},[60,10247,7580],{"class":82},[60,10249,205],{"class":78},[60,10251,258],{"class":74},[60,10253,214],{"class":78},[60,10255,4914],{"class":82},[60,10257,205],{"class":78},[60,10259,88],{"class":74},[60,10261,214],{"class":78},[60,10263,9206],{"class":82},[60,10265,205],{"class":78},[60,10267,258],{"class":74},[60,10269,9213],{"class":357},[60,10271,108],{"class":74},[20,10273,10274],{},"In this form:",[260,10276,10277,10285],{},[263,10278,10279,10281,10282],{},[15,10280,7580],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10283,10284],{},"'name'",[263,10286,10287,10281,10289],{},[15,10288,9206],{},[15,10290,10291],{},"'age'",[20,10293,10294],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10296,10297],{},"Valid examples:",[51,10299,10301],{"className":53,"code":10300,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10302,10303,10341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10304,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10316,10318,10320,10323,10325,10327,10330,10332,10334,10337,10339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10306,1613],{"class":66},[60,10308,71],{"class":70},[60,10310,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10312,124],{"class":74},[60,10314,10315],{"class":9084},"city",[60,10317,71],{"class":70},[60,10319,205],{"class":78},[60,10321,10322],{"class":82},"Paris",[60,10324,205],{"class":78},[60,10326,88],{"class":74},[60,10328,10329],{"class":9084}," country",[60,10331,71],{"class":70},[60,10333,205],{"class":78},[60,10335,10336],{"class":82},"France",[60,10338,205],{"class":78},[60,10340,133],{"class":74},[60,10342,10343,10345,10347,10349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10344,140],{"class":139},[60,10346,124],{"class":74},[60,10348,1634],{"class":120},[60,10350,133],{"class":74},[20,10352,10353],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[260,10355,10356,10359,10362],{},[263,10357,10358],{},"spaces",[263,10360,10361],{},"hyphens",[263,10363,10364],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10366,10367,10368,10371],{},"For example, this is ",[41,10369,10370],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[51,10373,10375],{"className":53,"code":10374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10376,10377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10378,10379],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10380,10374],{"class":177},[20,10382,10383],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[51,10385,10387],{"className":53,"code":10386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10388,10389,10431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10390,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10392,1613],{"class":66},[60,10394,71],{"class":70},[60,10396,75],{"class":74},[60,10398,205],{"class":78},[60,10400,10401],{"class":82},"first-name",[60,10403,205],{"class":78},[60,10405,258],{"class":74},[60,10407,214],{"class":78},[60,10409,7589],{"class":82},[60,10411,205],{"class":78},[60,10413,88],{"class":74},[60,10415,214],{"class":78},[60,10417,10418],{"class":82},"first name",[60,10420,205],{"class":78},[60,10422,258],{"class":74},[60,10424,214],{"class":78},[60,10426,7589],{"class":82},[60,10428,205],{"class":78},[60,10430,108],{"class":74},[60,10432,10433,10435,10437,10439],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10434,140],{"class":139},[60,10436,124],{"class":74},[60,10438,1634],{"class":120},[60,10440,133],{"class":74},[20,10442,10443],{},[41,10444,404],{},[51,10446,10448],{"className":53,"code":10447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10449,10450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10451,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10453,202],{"class":74},[60,10455,205],{"class":78},[60,10457,10401],{"class":82},[60,10459,205],{"class":78},[60,10461,258],{"class":74},[60,10463,214],{"class":78},[60,10465,7589],{"class":82},[60,10467,205],{"class":78},[60,10469,88],{"class":74},[60,10471,214],{"class":78},[60,10473,10418],{"class":82},[60,10475,205],{"class":78},[60,10477,258],{"class":74},[60,10479,214],{"class":78},[60,10481,7589],{"class":82},[60,10483,205],{"class":78},[60,10485,108],{"class":74},[46,10487,10489,474,10491],{"id":10488},"dict-vs",[15,10490,9029],{},[15,10492,3705],{},[20,10494,10495,10496,1776,10498,10500],{},"Both ",[15,10497,9029],{},[15,10499,3705],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[337,10502,243,10504,1227],{"id":10503},"use-when",[15,10505,3705],{},[260,10507,10508,10511],{},[263,10509,10510],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[263,10512,10513],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[51,10515,10516],{"className":53,"code":9733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10517,10518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10519,10520,10522,10524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10521,1613],{"class":66},[60,10523,71],{"class":70},[60,10525,9744],{"class":74},[337,10527,243,10529,1227],{"id":10528},"use-dict-when",[15,10530,9029],{},[260,10532,10533,10536,10539],{},[263,10534,10535],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[263,10537,10538],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[263,10540,10541],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[51,10543,10545],{"className":53,"code":10544,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10546,10547,10584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10548,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10550,1613],{"class":66},[60,10552,71],{"class":70},[60,10554,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10556,9564],{"class":74},[60,10558,205],{"class":78},[60,10560,30],{"class":82},[60,10562,205],{"class":78},[60,10564,88],{"class":74},[60,10566,5408],{"class":357},[60,10568,9141],{"class":74},[60,10570,9144],{"class":74},[60,10572,205],{"class":78},[60,10574,1428],{"class":82},[60,10576,205],{"class":78},[60,10578,88],{"class":74},[60,10580,363],{"class":357},[60,10582,10583],{"class":74},")])\n",[60,10585,10586,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10587,10588],{"class":66},"info ",[60,10590,71],{"class":70},[60,10592,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10594,124],{"class":74},[60,10596,7580],{"class":9084},[60,10598,71],{"class":70},[60,10600,205],{"class":78},[60,10602,4914],{"class":82},[60,10604,205],{"class":78},[60,10606,88],{"class":74},[60,10608,9097],{"class":9084},[60,10610,71],{"class":70},[60,10612,9102],{"class":357},[60,10614,133],{"class":74},[20,10616,10617],{},"So:",[260,10619,10620,10625],{},[263,10621,10622,10624],{},[15,10623,3705],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[263,10626,10627,10629],{},[15,10628,9029],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10631,10632,10633,10637,10638,117],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[30,10634,10636],{"href":10635},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[30,10639,10641,10642,1818],{"href":10640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10643,10644],{},"get()",[46,10646,10648],{"id":10647},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10650,10651,10652,117],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10653,9029],{},[337,10655,10657],{"id":10656},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10659,1260],{},[51,10661,10663],{"className":53,"code":10662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10664,10665,10689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10666,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10668,486],{"class":66},[60,10670,71],{"class":70},[60,10672,1512],{"class":74},[60,10674,205],{"class":78},[60,10676,30],{"class":82},[60,10678,205],{"class":78},[60,10680,88],{"class":74},[60,10682,214],{"class":78},[60,10684,1428],{"class":82},[60,10686,205],{"class":78},[60,10688,1525],{"class":74},[60,10690,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10692,1613],{"class":66},[60,10694,71],{"class":70},[60,10696,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10698,124],{"class":74},[60,10700,517],{"class":120},[60,10702,133],{"class":74},[20,10704,10705,10706,117],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10707,10708],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10710,10711],{},"Correct version:",[51,10713,10715],{"className":53,"code":10714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10716,10717,10751,10765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10718,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10720,486],{"class":66},[60,10722,71],{"class":70},[60,10724,9128],{"class":74},[60,10726,205],{"class":78},[60,10728,30],{"class":82},[60,10730,205],{"class":78},[60,10732,88],{"class":74},[60,10734,5408],{"class":357},[60,10736,9141],{"class":74},[60,10738,9144],{"class":74},[60,10740,205],{"class":78},[60,10742,1428],{"class":82},[60,10744,205],{"class":78},[60,10746,88],{"class":74},[60,10748,363],{"class":357},[60,10750,9157],{"class":74},[60,10752,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10754,1613],{"class":66},[60,10756,71],{"class":70},[60,10758,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10760,124],{"class":74},[60,10762,517],{"class":120},[60,10764,133],{"class":74},[60,10766,10767,10769,10771,10773],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,10768,140],{"class":139},[60,10770,124],{"class":74},[60,10772,1634],{"class":120},[60,10774,133],{"class":74},[337,10776,10778],{"id":10777},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10780,10781],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[51,10783,10785],{"className":53,"code":10784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10786,10787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10788,10789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10790,10784],{"class":177},[20,10792,10793,10794,258],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10795,71],{},[51,10797,10799],{"className":53,"code":10798,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10800,10801,10823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10802,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10804,1613],{"class":66},[60,10806,71],{"class":70},[60,10808,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10810,124],{"class":74},[60,10812,7580],{"class":9084},[60,10814,71],{"class":70},[60,10816,205],{"class":78},[60,10818,4914],{"class":82},[60,10820,205],{"class":78},[60,10822,133],{"class":74},[60,10824,10825,10827,10829,10831],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10826,140],{"class":139},[60,10828,124],{"class":74},[60,10830,1634],{"class":120},[60,10832,133],{"class":74},[337,10834,10836],{"id":10835},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10838,10839],{},"This will not work:",[51,10841,10842],{"className":53,"code":10374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10843,10844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10845,10846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10847,10374],{"class":177},[20,10849,10850],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[51,10852,10854],{"className":53,"code":10853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10855,10856,10880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10857,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10859,1613],{"class":66},[60,10861,71],{"class":70},[60,10863,75],{"class":74},[60,10865,205],{"class":78},[60,10867,10401],{"class":82},[60,10869,205],{"class":78},[60,10871,258],{"class":74},[60,10873,214],{"class":78},[60,10875,7589],{"class":82},[60,10877,205],{"class":78},[60,10879,108],{"class":74},[60,10881,10882,10884,10886,10888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10883,140],{"class":139},[60,10885,124],{"class":74},[60,10887,1634],{"class":120},[60,10889,133],{"class":74},[337,10891,10893],{"id":10892},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10895,10896],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[51,10898,10900],{"className":53,"code":10899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10901,10902,10938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10903,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10905,1613],{"class":66},[60,10907,71],{"class":70},[60,10909,9079],{"class":1683},[60,10911,9564],{"class":74},[60,10913,205],{"class":78},[60,10915,2093],{"class":82},[60,10917,205],{"class":78},[60,10919,88],{"class":74},[60,10921,5408],{"class":357},[60,10923,9141],{"class":74},[60,10925,9144],{"class":74},[60,10927,205],{"class":78},[60,10929,2093],{"class":82},[60,10931,205],{"class":78},[60,10933,88],{"class":74},[60,10935,363],{"class":357},[60,10937,10583],{"class":74},[60,10939,10940,10942,10944,10946],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10941,140],{"class":139},[60,10943,124],{"class":74},[60,10945,1634],{"class":120},[60,10947,133],{"class":74},[20,10949,10950],{},[41,10951,404],{},[51,10953,10955],{"className":53,"code":10954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10956,10957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10958,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10960,202],{"class":74},[60,10962,205],{"class":78},[60,10964,2093],{"class":82},[60,10966,205],{"class":78},[60,10968,258],{"class":74},[60,10970,363],{"class":357},[60,10972,108],{"class":74},[20,10974,10975,10976,117],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[30,10977,631],{"href":630},[46,10979,1245],{"id":1244},[20,10981,10982,10983,10985],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10984,9029],{}," include:",[260,10987,10988,10998,11004,11007],{},[263,10989,10990,10991,10994,10995],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10992,10993],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10996,10997],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[263,10999,11000,11001],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11002,11003],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[263,11005,11006],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[263,11008,11009,11010,11012],{},"confusing ",[15,11011,9029],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11014,11015],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,11017,11019],{"className":53,"code":11018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11020,11021,11035,11045,11056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11022,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11024,140],{"class":139},[60,11026,124],{"class":74},[60,11028,1684],{"class":1683},[60,11030,124],{"class":74},[60,11032,1634],{"class":120},[60,11034,1691],{"class":74},[60,11036,11037,11039,11041,11043],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11038,140],{"class":139},[60,11040,124],{"class":74},[60,11042,1634],{"class":120},[60,11044,133],{"class":74},[60,11046,11047,11049,11051,11054],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11048,140],{"class":139},[60,11050,124],{"class":74},[60,11052,11053],{"class":120},"list_of_pairs",[60,11055,133],{"class":74},[60,11057,11058,11060,11062,11065,11067,11069],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,11059,140],{"class":139},[60,11061,124],{"class":74},[60,11063,11064],{"class":139},"len",[60,11066,124],{"class":74},[60,11068,11053],{"class":120},[60,11070,1691],{"class":74},[20,11072,1728],{},[260,11074,11075,11078,11081],{},[263,11076,11077],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[263,11079,11080],{},"what data is being passed in",[263,11082,11083],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[46,11085,1746],{"id":1745},[337,11087,1773,11089,1776,11091,1779],{"id":11088},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11090,9029],{},[15,11092,3705],{},[20,11094,11095,11097,11098,11100],{},[15,11096,3705],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11099,9029],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[337,11102,5079,11104,11106],{"id":11103},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11105,9029],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11108,11109,11110,117],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11111,10997],{},[337,11113,5067,11115,11118],{"id":11114},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11116,11117],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11120,11121],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[337,11123,11125,11126,11128],{"id":11124},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11127,9029],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11130,11131,11132,11135],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11133,11134],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[46,11137,1808],{"id":1807},[260,11139,11140,11145,11149,11154,11160],{},[263,11141,11142],{},[30,11143,11144],{"href":9297},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[263,11146,11147],{},[30,11148,9065],{"href":9064},[263,11150,11151],{},[30,11152,11153],{"href":10635},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[263,11155,11156],{},[30,11157,10641,11158,1818],{"href":10640},[15,11159,10644],{},[263,11161,11162],{},[30,11163,1839],{"href":630},[1841,11165,11166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":11168},[11169,11171,11177,11178,11179,11180,11187,11193,11194,11204],{"id":9251,"depth":111,"text":11170},"What dict() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":11172},[11173,11174,11175,11176],{"id":9308,"depth":136,"text":9309},{"id":9350,"depth":136,"text":9351},{"id":9454,"depth":136,"text":9455},{"id":9544,"depth":136,"text":9545},{"id":9656,"depth":111,"text":9309},{"id":9760,"depth":111,"text":9761},{"id":10183,"depth":111,"text":10184},{"id":10488,"depth":111,"text":11181,"children":11182},"dict() vs {}",[11183,11185],{"id":10503,"depth":136,"text":11184},"Use {} when:",{"id":10528,"depth":136,"text":11186},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10647,"depth":111,"text":10648,"children":11188},[11189,11190,11191,11192],{"id":10656,"depth":136,"text":10657},{"id":10777,"depth":136,"text":10778},{"id":10835,"depth":136,"text":10836},{"id":10892,"depth":136,"text":10893},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":11195},[11196,11198,11200,11202],{"id":11088,"depth":136,"text":11197},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11103,"depth":136,"text":11199},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11114,"depth":136,"text":11201},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11124,"depth":136,"text":11203},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9021,"description":11205},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11212,"title":11213,"body":11214,"description":12715,"extension":1883,"meta":12716,"navigation":152,"path":12717,"seo":12718,"stem":12719,"__hash__":12720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11215,"toc":12684},[11216,11223,11229,11236,11238,11299,11304,11309,11314,11331,11334,11338,11340,11356,11359,11372,11374,11377,11509,11511,11576,11579,11595,11601,11607,11610,11692,11694,11707,11711,11717,11782,11784,11792,11795,11818,11824,11887,11893,11896,11910,11923,11927,11938,11943,11954,11961,11965,11971,12093,12095,12121,12124,12141,12144,12255,12257,12306,12308,12321,12330,12335,12340,12351,12353,12456,12479,12481,12485,12504,12507,12565,12568,12594,12596,12603,12606,12611,12615,12622,12630,12636,12639,12641,12681],[10,11217,11219,11220,18],{"id":11218},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11221,11222],{},"clear()",[20,11224,11225,11228],{},[15,11226,11227],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11230,11231,11232,11235],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[41,11233,11234],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[46,11237,49],{"id":48},[51,11239,11241],{"className":53,"code":11240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11242,11243,11275,11286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11244,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11246,1613],{"class":66},[60,11248,71],{"class":70},[60,11250,75],{"class":74},[60,11252,79],{"class":78},[60,11254,30],{"class":82},[60,11256,79],{"class":78},[60,11258,258],{"class":74},[60,11260,5408],{"class":357},[60,11262,88],{"class":74},[60,11264,91],{"class":78},[60,11266,1428],{"class":82},[60,11268,79],{"class":78},[60,11270,258],{"class":74},[60,11272,363],{"class":357},[60,11274,108],{"class":74},[60,11276,11277,11279,11281,11284],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11278,1634],{"class":66},[60,11280,117],{"class":74},[60,11282,11283],{"class":120},"clear",[60,11285,8555],{"class":74},[60,11287,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11289,140],{"class":139},[60,11291,124],{"class":74},[60,11293,1634],{"class":120},[60,11295,174],{"class":74},[60,11297,11298],{"class":177},"  # {}\n",[20,11300,11301,11303],{},[15,11302,11222],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[46,11305,250,11307,253],{"id":11306},"what-clear-does",[15,11308,11222],{},[20,11310,1900,11311,11313],{},[15,11312,11222],{}," method:",[260,11315,11316,11319,11322,11326],{},[263,11317,11318],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[263,11320,11321],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[263,11323,274,11324],{},[15,11325,277],{},[263,11327,11328,11329],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11330,3705],{},[20,11332,11333],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11335,9061,11336,117],{},[30,11337,9065],{"href":9064},[46,11339,296],{"id":295},[51,11341,11343],{"className":53,"code":11342,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11344,11345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11346,11347,11350,11352,11354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11348,11349],{"class":66},"my_dict",[60,11351,117],{"class":74},[60,11353,11283],{"class":120},[60,11355,8555],{"class":74},[20,11357,11358],{},"Important points:",[260,11360,11361,11366,11369],{},[263,11362,11363,11365],{},[15,11364,11222],{}," takes no arguments",[263,11367,11368],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[263,11370,11371],{},"It empties that dictionary",[46,11373,839],{"id":838},[20,11375,11376],{},"Here is a basic example:",[51,11378,11380],{"className":53,"code":11379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11381,11382,11392,11413,11427,11444,11448,11452,11471,11475,11486,11490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11383,11384,11387,11389],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11385,11386],{"class":66},"user ",[60,11388,71],{"class":70},[60,11390,11391],{"class":74}," {\n",[60,11393,11394,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405,11408,11410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11395,11396],{"class":78},"    \"",[60,11398,7580],{"class":82},[60,11400,79],{"class":78},[60,11402,258],{"class":74},[60,11404,91],{"class":78},[60,11406,11407],{"class":82},"Maya",[60,11409,79],{"class":78},[60,11411,11412],{"class":74},",\n",[60,11414,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11425],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11416,11396],{"class":78},[60,11418,9206],{"class":82},[60,11420,79],{"class":78},[60,11422,258],{"class":74},[60,11424,9213],{"class":357},[60,11426,11412],{"class":74},[60,11428,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11442],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,11430,11396],{"class":78},[60,11432,10315],{"class":82},[60,11434,79],{"class":78},[60,11436,258],{"class":74},[60,11438,91],{"class":78},[60,11440,11441],{"class":82},"Berlin",[60,11443,3273],{"class":78},[60,11445,11446],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,11447,108],{"class":74},[60,11449,11450],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,11451,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11453,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464,11466,11469],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,11455,140],{"class":139},[60,11457,124],{"class":74},[60,11459,79],{"class":78},[60,11461,895],{"class":82},[60,11463,79],{"class":78},[60,11465,88],{"class":74},[60,11467,11468],{"class":120}," user",[60,11470,133],{"class":74},[60,11472,11473],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,11474,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11476,11477,11480,11482,11484],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,11478,11479],{"class":66},"user",[60,11481,117],{"class":74},[60,11483,11283],{"class":120},[60,11485,8555],{"class":74},[60,11487,11488],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,11489,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507],{"class":62,"line":11492},11,[60,11494,140],{"class":139},[60,11496,124],{"class":74},[60,11498,79],{"class":78},[60,11500,942],{"class":82},[60,11502,79],{"class":78},[60,11504,88],{"class":74},[60,11506,11468],{"class":120},[60,11508,133],{"class":74},[20,11510,5470],{},[51,11512,11514],{"className":53,"code":11513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11515,11516,11568],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11517,11518,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11519,962],{"class":66},[60,11521,258],{"class":74},[60,11523,75],{"class":74},[60,11525,205],{"class":78},[60,11527,7580],{"class":82},[60,11529,205],{"class":78},[60,11531,258],{"class":74},[60,11533,214],{"class":78},[60,11535,11407],{"class":82},[60,11537,205],{"class":78},[60,11539,88],{"class":74},[60,11541,214],{"class":78},[60,11543,9206],{"class":82},[60,11545,205],{"class":78},[60,11547,258],{"class":74},[60,11549,9213],{"class":357},[60,11551,88],{"class":74},[60,11553,214],{"class":78},[60,11555,10315],{"class":82},[60,11557,205],{"class":78},[60,11559,258],{"class":74},[60,11561,214],{"class":78},[60,11563,11441],{"class":82},[60,11565,205],{"class":78},[60,11567,108],{"class":74},[60,11569,11570,11572,11574],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11571,995],{"class":66},[60,11573,258],{"class":74},[60,11575,9744],{"class":74},[20,11577,11578],{},"What happens here:",[260,11580,11581,11586,11592],{},[263,11582,11583,11585],{},[15,11584,11479],{}," starts with three items",[263,11587,11588,11591],{},[15,11589,11590],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[263,11593,11594],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[46,11596,250,11598,11600],{"id":11597},"what-clear-returns",[15,11599,11222],{}," returns",[20,11602,11603,641,11605,117],{},[15,11604,11222],{},[15,11606,277],{},[20,11608,11609],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,11611,11613],{"className":53,"code":11612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11614,11615,11649,11653,11668,11672,11682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11616,11617,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11641,11643,11645,11647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11618,11619],{"class":66},"my_dict ",[60,11621,71],{"class":70},[60,11623,75],{"class":74},[60,11625,79],{"class":78},[60,11627,2093],{"class":82},[60,11629,79],{"class":78},[60,11631,258],{"class":74},[60,11633,5408],{"class":357},[60,11635,88],{"class":74},[60,11637,91],{"class":78},[60,11639,11640],{"class":82},"y",[60,11642,79],{"class":78},[60,11644,258],{"class":74},[60,11646,363],{"class":357},[60,11648,108],{"class":74},[60,11650,11651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11652,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11654,11655,11657,11659,11662,11664,11666],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11656,688],{"class":66},[60,11658,71],{"class":70},[60,11660,11661],{"class":66}," my_dict",[60,11663,117],{"class":74},[60,11665,11283],{"class":120},[60,11667,8555],{"class":74},[60,11669,11670],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,11671,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11673,11674,11676,11678,11680],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,11675,140],{"class":139},[60,11677,124],{"class":74},[60,11679,720],{"class":120},[60,11681,133],{"class":74},[60,11683,11684,11686,11688,11690],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,11685,140],{"class":139},[60,11687,124],{"class":74},[60,11689,11349],{"class":120},[60,11691,133],{"class":74},[20,11693,404],{},[51,11695,11697],{"className":53,"code":11696,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{}\n",[15,11698,11699,11703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11700,11701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11702,727],{"class":734},[60,11704,11705],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11706,9341],{"class":74},[337,11708,11710],{"id":11709},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11712,11713,11714,11716],{},"Do ",[41,11715,43],{}," do this:",[51,11718,11720],{"className":53,"code":11719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11721,11722,11754,11768,11772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11723,11724,11726,11728,11730,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11725,11619],{"class":66},[60,11727,71],{"class":70},[60,11729,75],{"class":74},[60,11731,79],{"class":78},[60,11733,2093],{"class":82},[60,11735,79],{"class":78},[60,11737,258],{"class":74},[60,11739,5408],{"class":357},[60,11741,88],{"class":74},[60,11743,91],{"class":78},[60,11745,11640],{"class":82},[60,11747,79],{"class":78},[60,11749,258],{"class":74},[60,11751,363],{"class":357},[60,11753,108],{"class":74},[60,11755,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11757,11619],{"class":66},[60,11759,71],{"class":70},[60,11761,11661],{"class":66},[60,11763,117],{"class":74},[60,11765,11283],{"class":120},[60,11767,8555],{"class":74},[60,11769,11770],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11771,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11773,11774,11776,11778,11780],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,11775,140],{"class":139},[60,11777,124],{"class":74},[60,11779,11349],{"class":120},[60,11781,133],{"class":74},[20,11783,404],{},[51,11785,11786],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11787,11788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11789,11790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11791,727],{"class":734},[20,11793,11794],{},"Why this happens:",[260,11796,11797,11803,11808],{},[263,11798,11799,11802],{},[15,11800,11801],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[263,11804,11805,11806],{},"The method returns ",[15,11807,277],{},[263,11809,11810,11811,11814,11815,11817],{},"Then ",[15,11812,11813],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11816,277],{}," in the variable",[20,11819,11820,11821,11823],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11822,11222],{}," by itself:",[51,11825,11827],{"className":53,"code":11826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11828,11829,11861,11871,11875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11830,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11832,11619],{"class":66},[60,11834,71],{"class":70},[60,11836,75],{"class":74},[60,11838,79],{"class":78},[60,11840,2093],{"class":82},[60,11842,79],{"class":78},[60,11844,258],{"class":74},[60,11846,5408],{"class":357},[60,11848,88],{"class":74},[60,11850,91],{"class":78},[60,11852,11640],{"class":82},[60,11854,79],{"class":78},[60,11856,258],{"class":74},[60,11858,363],{"class":357},[60,11860,108],{"class":74},[60,11862,11863,11865,11867,11869],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11864,11349],{"class":66},[60,11866,117],{"class":74},[60,11868,11283],{"class":120},[60,11870,8555],{"class":74},[60,11872,11873],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,11874,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,11876,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,11878,140],{"class":139},[60,11880,124],{"class":74},[60,11882,11349],{"class":120},[60,11884,174],{"class":74},[60,11886,11298],{"class":177},[46,11888,11890,11892],{"id":11889},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11891,11222],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11894,11895],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[51,11897,11898],{"className":53,"code":11342,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11899,11900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11901,11902,11904,11906,11908],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11903,11349],{"class":66},[60,11905,117],{"class":74},[60,11907,11283],{"class":120},[60,11909,8555],{"class":74},[51,11911,11913],{"className":53,"code":11912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11914,11915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11916,11917,11919,11921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11918,11619],{"class":66},[60,11920,71],{"class":70},[60,11922,9744],{"class":74},[337,11924,11925],{"id":11283},[15,11926,11222],{},[260,11928,11929,11932,11935],{},[263,11930,11931],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[263,11933,11934],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[263,11936,11937],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[337,11939,11940],{"id":11349},[15,11941,11942],{},"my_dict = {}",[260,11944,11945,11948,11951],{},[263,11946,11947],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[263,11949,11950],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[263,11952,11953],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11955,11956,11957,117],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[30,11958,11960],{"href":11959},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[46,11962,11964],{"id":11963},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11966,11967,11968,11970],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11969,11222],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[51,11972,11974],{"className":53,"code":11973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11975,11976,12009,12019,12023,12034,12038,12058,12078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11977,11978,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11979,11980],{"class":66},"original ",[60,11982,71],{"class":70},[60,11984,75],{"class":74},[60,11986,79],{"class":78},[60,11988,30],{"class":82},[60,11990,79],{"class":78},[60,11992,258],{"class":74},[60,11994,5408],{"class":357},[60,11996,88],{"class":74},[60,11998,91],{"class":78},[60,12000,1428],{"class":82},[60,12002,79],{"class":78},[60,12004,258],{"class":74},[60,12006,363],{"class":357},[60,12008,108],{"class":74},[60,12010,12011,12014,12016],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12012,12013],{"class":66},"other_ref ",[60,12015,71],{"class":70},[60,12017,12018],{"class":66}," original\n",[60,12020,12021],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12022,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12024,12025,12028,12030,12032],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,12026,12027],{"class":66},"original",[60,12029,117],{"class":74},[60,12031,11283],{"class":120},[60,12033,8555],{"class":74},[60,12035,12036],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,12037,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12039,12040,12042,12044,12046,12049,12051,12053,12056],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,12041,140],{"class":139},[60,12043,124],{"class":74},[60,12045,79],{"class":78},[60,12047,12048],{"class":82},"original:",[60,12050,79],{"class":78},[60,12052,88],{"class":74},[60,12054,12055],{"class":120}," original",[60,12057,133],{"class":74},[60,12059,12060,12062,12064,12066,12069,12071,12073,12076],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,12061,140],{"class":139},[60,12063,124],{"class":74},[60,12065,79],{"class":78},[60,12067,12068],{"class":82},"other_ref:",[60,12070,79],{"class":78},[60,12072,88],{"class":74},[60,12074,12075],{"class":120}," other_ref",[60,12077,133],{"class":74},[60,12079,12080,12082,12084,12086,12089,12091],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,12081,140],{"class":139},[60,12083,124],{"class":74},[60,12085,11980],{"class":120},[60,12087,12088],{"class":1153},"is",[60,12090,12075],{"class":120},[60,12092,133],{"class":74},[20,12094,404],{},[51,12096,12098],{"className":53,"code":12097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12099,12100,12108,12117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12101,12102,12104,12106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12103,12027],{"class":66},[60,12105,258],{"class":74},[60,12107,9744],{"class":74},[60,12109,12110,12113,12115],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12111,12112],{"class":66},"other_ref",[60,12114,258],{"class":74},[60,12116,9744],{"class":74},[60,12118,12119],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12120,3892],{"class":734},[20,12122,12123],{},"This shows:",[260,12125,12126,12133,12138],{},[263,12127,12128,1776,12130,12132],{},[15,12129,12027],{},[15,12131,12112],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[263,12134,12135,12137],{},[15,12136,11222],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[263,12139,12140],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12142,12143],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[51,12145,12147],{"className":53,"code":12146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12148,12149,12181,12189,12193,12201,12205,12223,12241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12150,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12152,11980],{"class":66},[60,12154,71],{"class":70},[60,12156,75],{"class":74},[60,12158,79],{"class":78},[60,12160,30],{"class":82},[60,12162,79],{"class":78},[60,12164,258],{"class":74},[60,12166,5408],{"class":357},[60,12168,88],{"class":74},[60,12170,91],{"class":78},[60,12172,1428],{"class":82},[60,12174,79],{"class":78},[60,12176,258],{"class":74},[60,12178,363],{"class":357},[60,12180,108],{"class":74},[60,12182,12183,12185,12187],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12184,12013],{"class":66},[60,12186,71],{"class":70},[60,12188,12018],{"class":66},[60,12190,12191],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12192,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12194,12195,12197,12199],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,12196,11980],{"class":66},[60,12198,71],{"class":70},[60,12200,9744],{"class":74},[60,12202,12203],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,12204,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12206,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,12208,140],{"class":139},[60,12210,124],{"class":74},[60,12212,79],{"class":78},[60,12214,12048],{"class":82},[60,12216,79],{"class":78},[60,12218,88],{"class":74},[60,12220,12055],{"class":120},[60,12222,133],{"class":74},[60,12224,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,12226,140],{"class":139},[60,12228,124],{"class":74},[60,12230,79],{"class":78},[60,12232,12068],{"class":82},[60,12234,79],{"class":78},[60,12236,88],{"class":74},[60,12238,12075],{"class":120},[60,12240,133],{"class":74},[60,12242,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,12244,140],{"class":139},[60,12246,124],{"class":74},[60,12248,11980],{"class":120},[60,12250,12088],{"class":1153},[60,12252,12075],{"class":120},[60,12254,133],{"class":74},[20,12256,404],{},[51,12258,12260],{"className":53,"code":12259,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12261,12262,12270,12302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12263,12264,12266,12268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12265,12027],{"class":66},[60,12267,258],{"class":74},[60,12269,9744],{"class":74},[60,12271,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12273,12112],{"class":66},[60,12275,258],{"class":74},[60,12277,75],{"class":74},[60,12279,205],{"class":78},[60,12281,30],{"class":82},[60,12283,205],{"class":78},[60,12285,258],{"class":74},[60,12287,5408],{"class":357},[60,12289,88],{"class":74},[60,12291,214],{"class":78},[60,12293,1428],{"class":82},[60,12295,205],{"class":78},[60,12297,258],{"class":74},[60,12299,363],{"class":357},[60,12301,108],{"class":74},[60,12303,12304],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12305,3953],{"class":734},[20,12307,2098],{},[260,12309,12310,12316],{},[263,12311,12312,12315],{},[15,12313,12314],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[263,12317,12318,12320],{},[15,12319,12112],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12322,12323,12324,117],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[30,12325,12327],{"href":12326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12328,12329],{},"dict.copy()",[46,12331,1220,12333],{"id":12332},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12334,11222],{},[20,12336,12337,12339],{},[15,12338,11222],{}," is useful when you want to:",[260,12341,12342,12345,12348],{},[263,12343,12344],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[263,12346,12347],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[263,12349,12350],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12352,2127],{},[51,12354,12356],{"className":53,"code":12355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12357,12358,12367,12383,12403,12416,12420,12424,12429,12440,12444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12359,12360,12363,12365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12361,12362],{"class":66},"session_data ",[60,12364,71],{"class":70},[60,12366,11391],{"class":74},[60,12368,12369,12371,12374,12376,12378,12381],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12370,11396],{"class":78},[60,12372,12373],{"class":82},"user_id",[60,12375,79],{"class":78},[60,12377,258],{"class":74},[60,12379,12380],{"class":357}," 101",[60,12382,11412],{"class":74},[60,12384,12385,12387,12390,12392,12394,12396,12399,12401],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12386,11396],{"class":78},[60,12388,12389],{"class":82},"theme",[60,12391,79],{"class":78},[60,12393,258],{"class":74},[60,12395,91],{"class":78},[60,12397,12398],{"class":82},"dark",[60,12400,79],{"class":78},[60,12402,11412],{"class":74},[60,12404,12405,12407,12410,12412,12414],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,12406,11396],{"class":78},[60,12408,12409],{"class":82},"logged_in",[60,12411,79],{"class":78},[60,12413,258],{"class":74},[60,12415,6333],{"class":734},[60,12417,12418],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,12419,108],{"class":74},[60,12421,12422],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,12423,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12425,12426],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,12427,12428],{"class":177},"# Reset for a new session\n",[60,12430,12431,12434,12436,12438],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,12432,12433],{"class":66},"session_data",[60,12435,117],{"class":74},[60,12437,11283],{"class":120},[60,12439,8555],{"class":74},[60,12441,12442],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,12443,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12445,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,12447,140],{"class":139},[60,12449,124],{"class":74},[60,12451,12433],{"class":120},[60,12453,174],{"class":74},[60,12455,11298],{"class":177},[20,12457,12458,12459,12465,12466,117,12470,12472,12473,117],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[30,12460,12462],{"href":12461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12463,12464],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[30,12467,12469],{"href":12468},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9752,12471],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[30,12474,12476],{"href":12475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12477,12478],{},"dict.popitem()",[46,12480,1245],{"id":1244},[20,12482,10651,12483,258],{},[15,12484,11222],{},[260,12486,12487,12493,12498,12501],{},[263,12488,12489,12490,12492],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12491,11222],{}," to a variable",[263,12494,1254,12495,12497],{},[15,12496,11222],{}," to return a new dictionary",[263,12499,12500],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[263,12502,12503],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12505,12506],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[51,12508,12510],{"className":53,"code":12509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12511,12512,12522,12536,12551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12513,12514,12516,12518,12520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12515,140],{"class":139},[60,12517,124],{"class":74},[60,12519,11349],{"class":120},[60,12521,133],{"class":74},[60,12523,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12525,140],{"class":139},[60,12527,124],{"class":74},[60,12529,1684],{"class":1683},[60,12531,124],{"class":74},[60,12533,11349],{"class":120},[60,12535,1691],{"class":74},[60,12537,12538,12540,12542,12545,12547,12549],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12539,140],{"class":139},[60,12541,124],{"class":74},[60,12543,12544],{"class":139},"id",[60,12546,124],{"class":74},[60,12548,11349],{"class":120},[60,12550,1691],{"class":74},[60,12552,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,12554,140],{"class":139},[60,12556,124],{"class":74},[60,12558,12013],{"class":120},[60,12560,12088],{"class":1153},[60,12562,11661],{"class":120},[60,12564,133],{"class":74},[20,12566,12567],{},"What these show:",[260,12569,12570,12576,12582,12588],{},[263,12571,12572,12575],{},[15,12573,12574],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[263,12577,12578,12581],{},[15,12579,12580],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[263,12583,12584,12587],{},[15,12585,12586],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[263,12589,12590,12593],{},[15,12591,12592],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[46,12595,1746],{"id":1745},[337,12597,12599,12600,12602],{"id":12598},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12601,11222],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12604,12605],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[337,12607,1760,12609,1763],{"id":12608},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12610,11227],{},[20,12612,1766,12613,117],{},[15,12614,277],{},[337,12616,1773,12618,1776,12620,1779],{"id":12617},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12619,11222],{},[15,12621,3705],{},[20,12623,12624,12626,12627,12629],{},[15,12625,11222],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12628,3705],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[337,12631,12599,12633,12635],{"id":12632},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12634,11222],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12637,12638],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[46,12640,1808],{"id":1807},[260,12642,12643,12647,12651,12657,12664,12671,12676],{},[263,12644,12645],{},[30,12646,9065],{"href":9064},[263,12648,12649],{},[30,12650,11144],{"href":9297},[263,12652,12653],{},[30,12654,10641,12655,1818],{"href":12461},[15,12656,462],{},[263,12658,12659],{},[30,12660,10641,12661,1818],{"href":12475},[15,12662,12663],{},"popitem()",[263,12665,12666],{},[30,12667,10641,12668,1818],{"href":12326},[15,12669,12670],{},"copy()",[263,12672,12673],{},[30,12674,12675],{"href":11959},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[263,12677,12678],{},[30,12679,12680],{"href":12468},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1841,12682,12683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":12685},[12686,12687,12689,12690,12691,12695,12700,12701,12703,12704,12714],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":11306,"depth":111,"text":12688},"What clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":11597,"depth":111,"text":12692,"children":12693},"What clear() returns",[12694],{"id":11709,"depth":136,"text":11710},{"id":11889,"depth":111,"text":12696,"children":12697},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12698,12699],{"id":11283,"depth":136,"text":11222},{"id":11349,"depth":136,"text":11942},{"id":11963,"depth":111,"text":11964},{"id":12332,"depth":111,"text":12702},"When to use clear()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":12705},[12706,12708,12710,12712],{"id":12598,"depth":136,"text":12707},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12608,"depth":136,"text":12709},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12617,"depth":136,"text":12711},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12632,"depth":136,"text":12713},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11213,"description":12715},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12722,"title":12723,"body":12724,"description":14888,"extension":1883,"meta":14889,"navigation":152,"path":14890,"seo":14891,"stem":14892,"__hash__":14893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12725,"toc":14860},[12726,12731,12736,12746,12748,12837,12841,12882,12887,12894,12912,12921,12923,12944,12947,12959,12961,13036,13040,13081,13083,13086,13214,13218,13298,13301,13319,13322,13326,13332,13334,13345,13347,13542,13546,13652,13655,13673,13676,13683,13688,13692,13706,13708,13835,13839,13919,13932,13938,13941,13948,13952,14078,14082,14156,14161,14292,14296,14370,14373,14387,14391,14395,14409,14411,14547,14551,14620,14622,14627,14649,14652,14759,14762,14773,14780,14782,14788,14791,14798,14801,14808,14816,14820,14823,14825,14857],[10,12727,11219,12729,18],{"id":12728},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12730,12670],{},[20,12732,12733,12735],{},[15,12734,12329],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12737,12738,12739,12741,12742,12745],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12740,12670],{}," makes a ",[41,12743,12744],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[46,12747,49],{"id":48},[51,12749,12751],{"className":53,"code":12750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12752,12753,12791,12808,12812,12823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12754,12755,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12770,12772,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12756,12757],{"class":66},"student ",[60,12759,71],{"class":70},[60,12761,75],{"class":74},[60,12763,79],{"class":78},[60,12765,7580],{"class":82},[60,12767,79],{"class":78},[60,12769,258],{"class":74},[60,12771,91],{"class":78},[60,12773,12774],{"class":82},"Ana",[60,12776,79],{"class":78},[60,12778,88],{"class":74},[60,12780,91],{"class":78},[60,12782,9206],{"class":82},[60,12784,79],{"class":78},[60,12786,258],{"class":74},[60,12788,7702],{"class":357},[60,12790,108],{"class":74},[60,12792,12793,12796,12798,12801,12803,12806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12794,12795],{"class":66},"student_copy ",[60,12797,71],{"class":70},[60,12799,12800],{"class":66}," student",[60,12802,117],{"class":74},[60,12804,12805],{"class":120},"copy",[60,12807,8555],{"class":74},[60,12809,12810],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,12811,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,12813,12814,12816,12818,12821],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,12815,140],{"class":139},[60,12817,124],{"class":74},[60,12819,12820],{"class":120},"student_copy",[60,12822,133],{"class":74},[60,12824,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,12826,140],{"class":139},[60,12828,124],{"class":74},[60,12830,12795],{"class":120},[60,12832,12088],{"class":1153},[60,12834,12800],{"class":120},[60,12836,133],{"class":74},[20,12838,12839],{},[41,12840,404],{},[51,12842,12844],{"className":53,"code":12843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12845,12846,12878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12847,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12849,202],{"class":74},[60,12851,205],{"class":78},[60,12853,7580],{"class":82},[60,12855,205],{"class":78},[60,12857,258],{"class":74},[60,12859,214],{"class":78},[60,12861,12774],{"class":82},[60,12863,205],{"class":78},[60,12865,88],{"class":74},[60,12867,214],{"class":78},[60,12869,9206],{"class":82},[60,12871,205],{"class":78},[60,12873,258],{"class":74},[60,12875,7702],{"class":357},[60,12877,108],{"class":74},[60,12879,12880],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12881,3953],{"class":734},[20,12883,243,12884,12886],{},[15,12885,12670],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[46,12888,12890,12891,12893],{"id":12889},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12892,12670],{}," method does",[260,12895,12896,12901,12904,12909],{},[263,12897,12898,12900],{},[15,12899,12329],{}," returns a new dictionary",[263,12902,12903],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[263,12905,12906,12907],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12908,12670],{},[263,12910,12911],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12913,12914,12915,288,12918,117],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[30,12916,9065],{"href":12917},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[30,12919,9298],{"href":12920},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[46,12922,296],{"id":295},[51,12924,12926],{"className":53,"code":12925,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12927,12928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12929,12930,12933,12935,12938,12940,12942],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12931,12932],{"class":66},"new_dict ",[60,12934,71],{"class":70},[60,12936,12937],{"class":66}," old_dict",[60,12939,117],{"class":74},[60,12941,12805],{"class":120},[60,12943,8555],{"class":74},[20,12945,12946],{},"Key points:",[260,12948,12949,12953,12956],{},[263,12950,12951,11365],{},[15,12952,12670],{},[263,12954,12955],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[263,12957,12958],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12960,2127],{},[51,12962,12964],{"className":53,"code":12963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12965,12966,13006,13021,13025],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12967,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12969,67],{"class":66},[60,12971,71],{"class":70},[60,12973,75],{"class":74},[60,12975,79],{"class":78},[60,12977,30],{"class":82},[60,12979,79],{"class":78},[60,12981,258],{"class":74},[60,12983,91],{"class":78},[60,12985,83],{"class":82},[60,12987,79],{"class":78},[60,12989,88],{"class":74},[60,12991,91],{"class":78},[60,12993,1428],{"class":82},[60,12995,79],{"class":78},[60,12997,258],{"class":74},[60,12999,91],{"class":78},[60,13001,94],{"class":82},[60,13003,79],{"class":78},[60,13005,108],{"class":74},[60,13007,13008,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13009,13010],{"class":66},"new_colors ",[60,13012,71],{"class":70},[60,13014,693],{"class":66},[60,13016,117],{"class":74},[60,13018,12805],{"class":120},[60,13020,8555],{"class":74},[60,13022,13023],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,13024,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13026,13027,13029,13031,13034],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,13028,140],{"class":139},[60,13030,124],{"class":74},[60,13032,13033],{"class":120},"new_colors",[60,13035,133],{"class":74},[20,13037,13038],{},[41,13039,404],{},[51,13041,13043],{"className":53,"code":13042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13044,13045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13046,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13048,202],{"class":74},[60,13050,205],{"class":78},[60,13052,30],{"class":82},[60,13054,205],{"class":78},[60,13056,258],{"class":74},[60,13058,214],{"class":78},[60,13060,83],{"class":82},[60,13062,205],{"class":78},[60,13064,88],{"class":74},[60,13066,214],{"class":78},[60,13068,1428],{"class":82},[60,13070,205],{"class":78},[60,13072,258],{"class":74},[60,13074,214],{"class":78},[60,13076,94],{"class":82},[60,13078,205],{"class":78},[60,13080,108],{"class":74},[46,13082,839],{"id":838},[20,13084,13085],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[51,13087,13089],{"className":53,"code":13088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13090,13091,13129,13145,13149,13171,13175,13194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13092,13093,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13094,13095],{"class":66},"person ",[60,13097,71],{"class":70},[60,13099,75],{"class":74},[60,13101,79],{"class":78},[60,13103,7580],{"class":82},[60,13105,79],{"class":78},[60,13107,258],{"class":74},[60,13109,91],{"class":78},[60,13111,13112],{"class":82},"Liam",[60,13114,79],{"class":78},[60,13116,88],{"class":74},[60,13118,91],{"class":78},[60,13120,9206],{"class":82},[60,13122,79],{"class":78},[60,13124,258],{"class":74},[60,13126,9213],{"class":357},[60,13128,108],{"class":74},[60,13130,13131,13134,13136,13139,13141,13143],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13132,13133],{"class":66},"person_copy ",[60,13135,71],{"class":70},[60,13137,13138],{"class":66}," person",[60,13140,117],{"class":74},[60,13142,12805],{"class":120},[60,13144,8555],{"class":74},[60,13146,13147],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,13148,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13150,13151,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13165,13168],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,13152,13153],{"class":66},"person_copy",[60,13155,3812],{"class":74},[60,13157,79],{"class":78},[60,13159,9206],{"class":82},[60,13161,79],{"class":78},[60,13163,13164],{"class":74},"]",[60,13166,13167],{"class":70}," =",[60,13169,13170],{"class":357}," 26\n",[60,13172,13173],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,13174,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13176,13177,13179,13181,13183,13186,13188,13190,13192],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,13178,140],{"class":139},[60,13180,124],{"class":74},[60,13182,79],{"class":78},[60,13184,13185],{"class":82},"Original:",[60,13187,79],{"class":78},[60,13189,88],{"class":74},[60,13191,13138],{"class":120},[60,13193,133],{"class":74},[60,13195,13196,13198,13200,13202,13205,13207,13209,13212],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,13197,140],{"class":139},[60,13199,124],{"class":74},[60,13201,79],{"class":78},[60,13203,13204],{"class":82},"Copy:",[60,13206,79],{"class":78},[60,13208,88],{"class":74},[60,13210,13211],{"class":120}," person_copy",[60,13213,133],{"class":74},[20,13215,13216],{},[41,13217,404],{},[51,13219,13221],{"className":53,"code":13220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13222,13223,13260],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13224,13225,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13226,13227],{"class":66},"Original",[60,13229,258],{"class":74},[60,13231,75],{"class":74},[60,13233,205],{"class":78},[60,13235,7580],{"class":82},[60,13237,205],{"class":78},[60,13239,258],{"class":74},[60,13241,214],{"class":78},[60,13243,13112],{"class":82},[60,13245,205],{"class":78},[60,13247,88],{"class":74},[60,13249,214],{"class":78},[60,13251,9206],{"class":82},[60,13253,205],{"class":78},[60,13255,258],{"class":74},[60,13257,9213],{"class":357},[60,13259,108],{"class":74},[60,13261,13262,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13296],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13263,13264],{"class":66},"Copy",[60,13266,258],{"class":74},[60,13268,75],{"class":74},[60,13270,205],{"class":78},[60,13272,7580],{"class":82},[60,13274,205],{"class":78},[60,13276,258],{"class":74},[60,13278,214],{"class":78},[60,13280,13112],{"class":82},[60,13282,205],{"class":78},[60,13284,88],{"class":74},[60,13286,214],{"class":78},[60,13288,9206],{"class":82},[60,13290,205],{"class":78},[60,13292,258],{"class":74},[60,13294,13295],{"class":357}," 26",[60,13297,108],{"class":74},[20,13299,13300],{},"What happened here:",[260,13302,13303,13309,13316],{},[263,13304,13305,13308],{},[15,13306,13307],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[263,13310,13311,13312,13315],{},"Changing ",[15,13313,13314],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[263,13317,13318],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13320,13321],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[46,13323,13325],{"id":13324},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13327,13328,12741,13330,117],{},[15,13329,12670],{},[41,13331,12744],{},[20,13333,2026],{},[260,13335,13336,13339,13342],{},[263,13337,13338],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[263,13340,13341],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[263,13343,13344],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13346,2127],{},[51,13348,13350],{"className":53,"code":13349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13351,13352,13360,13378,13401,13405,13409,13423,13427,13452,13456,13474,13493,13508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13353,13354,13356,13358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13355,12757],{"class":66},[60,13357,71],{"class":70},[60,13359,11391],{"class":74},[60,13361,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13363,11396],{"class":78},[60,13365,7580],{"class":82},[60,13367,79],{"class":78},[60,13369,258],{"class":74},[60,13371,91],{"class":78},[60,13373,12774],{"class":82},[60,13375,79],{"class":78},[60,13377,11412],{"class":74},[60,13379,13380,13382,13385,13387,13389,13391,13394,13396,13399],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,13381,11396],{"class":78},[60,13383,13384],{"class":82},"grades",[60,13386,79],{"class":78},[60,13388,258],{"class":74},[60,13390,1512],{"class":74},[60,13392,13393],{"class":357},"90",[60,13395,88],{"class":74},[60,13397,13398],{"class":357}," 85",[60,13400,1525],{"class":74},[60,13402,13403],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,13404,108],{"class":74},[60,13406,13407],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,13408,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13410,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,13412,12795],{"class":66},[60,13414,71],{"class":70},[60,13416,12800],{"class":66},[60,13418,117],{"class":74},[60,13420,12805],{"class":120},[60,13422,8555],{"class":74},[60,13424,13425],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,13426,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13428,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13442,13445,13447,13450],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,13430,12820],{"class":66},[60,13432,3812],{"class":74},[60,13434,79],{"class":78},[60,13436,13384],{"class":82},[60,13438,79],{"class":78},[60,13440,13441],{"class":74},"].",[60,13443,13444],{"class":120},"append",[60,13446,124],{"class":74},[60,13448,13449],{"class":357},"100",[60,13451,133],{"class":74},[60,13453,13454],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,13455,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13457,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,13459,140],{"class":139},[60,13461,124],{"class":74},[60,13463,79],{"class":78},[60,13465,13185],{"class":82},[60,13467,79],{"class":78},[60,13469,88],{"class":74},[60,13471,12800],{"class":120},[60,13473,133],{"class":74},[60,13475,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13491],{"class":62,"line":11492},[60,13477,140],{"class":139},[60,13479,124],{"class":74},[60,13481,79],{"class":78},[60,13483,13204],{"class":82},[60,13485,79],{"class":78},[60,13487,88],{"class":74},[60,13489,13490],{"class":120}," student_copy",[60,13492,133],{"class":74},[60,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506],{"class":62,"line":13495},12,[60,13497,140],{"class":139},[60,13499,124],{"class":74},[60,13501,12757],{"class":120},[60,13503,12088],{"class":1153},[60,13505,13490],{"class":120},[60,13507,133],{"class":74},[60,13509,13511,13513,13515,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540],{"class":62,"line":13510},13,[60,13512,140],{"class":139},[60,13514,124],{"class":74},[60,13516,13517],{"class":120},"student",[60,13519,3812],{"class":74},[60,13521,79],{"class":78},[60,13523,13384],{"class":82},[60,13525,79],{"class":78},[60,13527,13164],{"class":74},[60,13529,8009],{"class":1153},[60,13531,13490],{"class":120},[60,13533,3812],{"class":74},[60,13535,79],{"class":78},[60,13537,13384],{"class":82},[60,13539,79],{"class":78},[60,13541,1646],{"class":74},[20,13543,13544],{},[41,13545,404],{},[51,13547,13549],{"className":53,"code":13548,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13550,13551,13598,13644,13648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13552,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13554,13227],{"class":66},[60,13556,258],{"class":74},[60,13558,75],{"class":74},[60,13560,205],{"class":78},[60,13562,7580],{"class":82},[60,13564,205],{"class":78},[60,13566,258],{"class":74},[60,13568,214],{"class":78},[60,13570,12774],{"class":82},[60,13572,205],{"class":78},[60,13574,88],{"class":74},[60,13576,214],{"class":78},[60,13578,13384],{"class":82},[60,13580,205],{"class":78},[60,13582,258],{"class":74},[60,13584,1512],{"class":74},[60,13586,13393],{"class":357},[60,13588,88],{"class":74},[60,13590,13398],{"class":357},[60,13592,88],{"class":74},[60,13594,10024],{"class":357},[60,13596,13597],{"class":74},"]}\n",[60,13599,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13601,13264],{"class":66},[60,13603,258],{"class":74},[60,13605,75],{"class":74},[60,13607,205],{"class":78},[60,13609,7580],{"class":82},[60,13611,205],{"class":78},[60,13613,258],{"class":74},[60,13615,214],{"class":78},[60,13617,12774],{"class":82},[60,13619,205],{"class":78},[60,13621,88],{"class":74},[60,13623,214],{"class":78},[60,13625,13384],{"class":82},[60,13627,205],{"class":78},[60,13629,258],{"class":74},[60,13631,1512],{"class":74},[60,13633,13393],{"class":357},[60,13635,88],{"class":74},[60,13637,13398],{"class":357},[60,13639,88],{"class":74},[60,13641,10024],{"class":357},[60,13643,13597],{"class":74},[60,13645,13646],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,13647,3953],{"class":734},[60,13649,13650],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,13651,3892],{"class":734},[20,13653,13654],{},"Notice the difference:",[260,13656,13657,13665],{},[263,13658,13659,4694,13662,13664],{},[15,13660,13661],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13663,3588],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[263,13666,13667,4694,13670,13672],{},[15,13668,13669],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13671,3520],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13674,13675],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13677,13678,13679,117],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[30,13680,13682],{"href":13681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[46,13684,1220,13686],{"id":13685},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13687,12670],{},[20,13689,243,13690,1227],{},[15,13691,12670],{},[260,13693,13694,13697,13700,13703],{},[263,13695,13696],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[263,13698,13699],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[263,13701,13702],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[263,13704,13705],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13707,2127],{},[51,13709,13711],{"className":53,"code":13710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13712,13713,13752,13768,13772,13792,13796,13815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13714,13715,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13743,13745,13747,13750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13716,13717],{"class":66},"settings ",[60,13719,71],{"class":70},[60,13721,75],{"class":74},[60,13723,79],{"class":78},[60,13725,12389],{"class":82},[60,13727,79],{"class":78},[60,13729,258],{"class":74},[60,13731,91],{"class":78},[60,13733,12398],{"class":82},[60,13735,79],{"class":78},[60,13737,88],{"class":74},[60,13739,91],{"class":78},[60,13741,13742],{"class":82},"font_size",[60,13744,79],{"class":78},[60,13746,258],{"class":74},[60,13748,13749],{"class":357}," 14",[60,13751,108],{"class":74},[60,13753,13754,13757,13759,13762,13764,13766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13755,13756],{"class":66},"settings_backup ",[60,13758,71],{"class":70},[60,13760,13761],{"class":66}," settings",[60,13763,117],{"class":74},[60,13765,12805],{"class":120},[60,13767,8555],{"class":74},[60,13769,13770],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,13771,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13773,13774,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,13775,13776],{"class":66},"settings",[60,13778,3812],{"class":74},[60,13780,79],{"class":78},[60,13782,13742],{"class":82},[60,13784,79],{"class":78},[60,13786,13164],{"class":74},[60,13788,13167],{"class":70},[60,13790,13791],{"class":357}," 16\n",[60,13793,13794],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,13795,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,13797,13798,13800,13802,13804,13807,13809,13811,13813],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,13799,140],{"class":139},[60,13801,124],{"class":74},[60,13803,79],{"class":78},[60,13805,13806],{"class":82},"Current:",[60,13808,79],{"class":78},[60,13810,88],{"class":74},[60,13812,13761],{"class":120},[60,13814,133],{"class":74},[60,13816,13817,13819,13821,13823,13826,13828,13830,13833],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,13818,140],{"class":139},[60,13820,124],{"class":74},[60,13822,79],{"class":78},[60,13824,13825],{"class":82},"Backup:",[60,13827,79],{"class":78},[60,13829,88],{"class":74},[60,13831,13832],{"class":120}," settings_backup",[60,13834,133],{"class":74},[20,13836,13837],{},[41,13838,404],{},[51,13840,13842],{"className":53,"code":13841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13843,13844,13882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13845,13846,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13880],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13847,13848],{"class":66},"Current",[60,13850,258],{"class":74},[60,13852,75],{"class":74},[60,13854,205],{"class":78},[60,13856,12389],{"class":82},[60,13858,205],{"class":78},[60,13860,258],{"class":74},[60,13862,214],{"class":78},[60,13864,12398],{"class":82},[60,13866,205],{"class":78},[60,13868,88],{"class":74},[60,13870,214],{"class":78},[60,13872,13742],{"class":82},[60,13874,205],{"class":78},[60,13876,258],{"class":74},[60,13878,13879],{"class":357}," 16",[60,13881,108],{"class":74},[60,13883,13884,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13885,13886],{"class":66},"Backup",[60,13888,258],{"class":74},[60,13890,75],{"class":74},[60,13892,205],{"class":78},[60,13894,12389],{"class":82},[60,13896,205],{"class":78},[60,13898,258],{"class":74},[60,13900,214],{"class":78},[60,13902,12398],{"class":82},[60,13904,205],{"class":78},[60,13906,88],{"class":74},[60,13908,214],{"class":78},[60,13910,13742],{"class":82},[60,13912,205],{"class":78},[60,13914,258],{"class":74},[60,13916,13749],{"class":357},[60,13918,108],{"class":74},[20,13920,13921,13922,288,13928,117],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[30,13923,13925],{"href":13924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13926,13927],{},"dict.update()",[30,13929,13930],{"href":12717},[15,13931,11227],{},[46,13933,13935,13937],{"id":13934},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13936,12670],{}," vs assignment",[20,13939,13940],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13942,8331,13943,39,13945,13947],{},[15,13944,71],{},[41,13946,43],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[337,13949,13951],{"id":13950},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[51,13953,13955],{"className":53,"code":13954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13956,13957,13989,13998,14002,14022,14026,14044,14064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13958,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13960,11980],{"class":66},[60,13962,71],{"class":70},[60,13964,75],{"class":74},[60,13966,79],{"class":78},[60,13968,2093],{"class":82},[60,13970,79],{"class":78},[60,13972,258],{"class":74},[60,13974,5408],{"class":357},[60,13976,88],{"class":74},[60,13978,91],{"class":78},[60,13980,11640],{"class":82},[60,13982,79],{"class":78},[60,13984,258],{"class":74},[60,13986,363],{"class":357},[60,13988,108],{"class":74},[60,13990,13991,13994,13996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13992,13993],{"class":66},"assigned ",[60,13995,71],{"class":70},[60,13997,12018],{"class":66},[60,13999,14000],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14001,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14003,14004,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,14005,14006],{"class":66},"assigned",[60,14008,3812],{"class":74},[60,14010,79],{"class":78},[60,14012,2093],{"class":82},[60,14014,79],{"class":78},[60,14016,13164],{"class":74},[60,14018,13167],{"class":70},[60,14020,14021],{"class":357}," 99\n",[60,14023,14024],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,14025,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14027,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,14029,140],{"class":139},[60,14031,124],{"class":74},[60,14033,79],{"class":78},[60,14035,13185],{"class":82},[60,14037,79],{"class":78},[60,14039,88],{"class":74},[60,14041,12055],{"class":120},[60,14043,133],{"class":74},[60,14045,14046,14048,14050,14052,14055,14057,14059,14062],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,14047,140],{"class":139},[60,14049,124],{"class":74},[60,14051,79],{"class":78},[60,14053,14054],{"class":82},"Assigned:",[60,14056,79],{"class":78},[60,14058,88],{"class":74},[60,14060,14061],{"class":120}," assigned",[60,14063,133],{"class":74},[60,14065,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,14067,140],{"class":139},[60,14069,124],{"class":74},[60,14071,11980],{"class":120},[60,14073,12088],{"class":1153},[60,14075,14061],{"class":120},[60,14077,133],{"class":74},[20,14079,14080],{},[41,14081,404],{},[51,14083,14085],{"className":53,"code":14084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14086,14087,14119,14152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14088,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14090,13227],{"class":66},[60,14092,258],{"class":74},[60,14094,75],{"class":74},[60,14096,205],{"class":78},[60,14098,2093],{"class":82},[60,14100,205],{"class":78},[60,14102,258],{"class":74},[60,14104,10103],{"class":357},[60,14106,88],{"class":74},[60,14108,214],{"class":78},[60,14110,11640],{"class":82},[60,14112,205],{"class":78},[60,14114,258],{"class":74},[60,14116,363],{"class":357},[60,14118,108],{"class":74},[60,14120,14121,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14122,14123],{"class":66},"Assigned",[60,14125,258],{"class":74},[60,14127,75],{"class":74},[60,14129,205],{"class":78},[60,14131,2093],{"class":82},[60,14133,205],{"class":78},[60,14135,258],{"class":74},[60,14137,10103],{"class":357},[60,14139,88],{"class":74},[60,14141,214],{"class":78},[60,14143,11640],{"class":82},[60,14145,205],{"class":78},[60,14147,258],{"class":74},[60,14149,363],{"class":357},[60,14151,108],{"class":74},[60,14153,14154],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14155,3892],{"class":734},[337,14157,8331,14159],{"id":14158},"using-copy",[15,14160,12670],{},[51,14162,14164],{"className":53,"code":14163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14165,14166,14198,14213,14217,14236,14240,14258,14278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14167,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14169,11980],{"class":66},[60,14171,71],{"class":70},[60,14173,75],{"class":74},[60,14175,79],{"class":78},[60,14177,2093],{"class":82},[60,14179,79],{"class":78},[60,14181,258],{"class":74},[60,14183,5408],{"class":357},[60,14185,88],{"class":74},[60,14187,91],{"class":78},[60,14189,11640],{"class":82},[60,14191,79],{"class":78},[60,14193,258],{"class":74},[60,14195,363],{"class":357},[60,14197,108],{"class":74},[60,14199,14200,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14201,14202],{"class":66},"copied ",[60,14204,71],{"class":70},[60,14206,12055],{"class":66},[60,14208,117],{"class":74},[60,14210,12805],{"class":120},[60,14212,8555],{"class":74},[60,14214,14215],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14216,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14218,14219,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,14220,14221],{"class":66},"copied",[60,14223,3812],{"class":74},[60,14225,79],{"class":78},[60,14227,2093],{"class":82},[60,14229,79],{"class":78},[60,14231,13164],{"class":74},[60,14233,13167],{"class":70},[60,14235,14021],{"class":357},[60,14237,14238],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,14239,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,14243,140],{"class":139},[60,14245,124],{"class":74},[60,14247,79],{"class":78},[60,14249,13185],{"class":82},[60,14251,79],{"class":78},[60,14253,88],{"class":74},[60,14255,12055],{"class":120},[60,14257,133],{"class":74},[60,14259,14260,14262,14264,14266,14269,14271,14273,14276],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,14261,140],{"class":139},[60,14263,124],{"class":74},[60,14265,79],{"class":78},[60,14267,14268],{"class":82},"Copied:",[60,14270,79],{"class":78},[60,14272,88],{"class":74},[60,14274,14275],{"class":120}," copied",[60,14277,133],{"class":74},[60,14279,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,14281,140],{"class":139},[60,14283,124],{"class":74},[60,14285,11980],{"class":120},[60,14287,12088],{"class":1153},[60,14289,14275],{"class":120},[60,14291,133],{"class":74},[20,14293,14294],{},[41,14295,404],{},[51,14297,14299],{"className":53,"code":14298,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14300,14301,14333,14366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14302,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14304,13227],{"class":66},[60,14306,258],{"class":74},[60,14308,75],{"class":74},[60,14310,205],{"class":78},[60,14312,2093],{"class":82},[60,14314,205],{"class":78},[60,14316,258],{"class":74},[60,14318,5408],{"class":357},[60,14320,88],{"class":74},[60,14322,214],{"class":78},[60,14324,11640],{"class":82},[60,14326,205],{"class":78},[60,14328,258],{"class":74},[60,14330,363],{"class":357},[60,14332,108],{"class":74},[60,14334,14335,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14336,14337],{"class":66},"Copied",[60,14339,258],{"class":74},[60,14341,75],{"class":74},[60,14343,205],{"class":78},[60,14345,2093],{"class":82},[60,14347,205],{"class":78},[60,14349,258],{"class":74},[60,14351,10103],{"class":357},[60,14353,88],{"class":74},[60,14355,214],{"class":78},[60,14357,11640],{"class":82},[60,14359,205],{"class":78},[60,14361,258],{"class":74},[60,14363,363],{"class":357},[60,14365,108],{"class":74},[60,14367,14368],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14369,3953],{"class":734},[20,14371,14372],{},"Summary:",[260,14374,14375,14381],{},[263,14376,14377,14380],{},[15,14378,14379],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[263,14382,14383,14386],{},[15,14384,14385],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[46,14388,14390],{"id":14389},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14392,14393,258],{},[15,14394,12670],{},[260,14396,14397,14400,14403,14406],{},[263,14398,14399],{},"Returns a dictionary",[263,14401,14402],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[263,14404,14405],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[263,14407,14408],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14410,2127],{},[51,14412,14414],{"className":53,"code":14413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14415,14416,14448,14464,14468,14486,14506,14510,14528],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14419,1613],{"class":66},[60,14421,71],{"class":70},[60,14423,75],{"class":74},[60,14425,79],{"class":78},[60,14427,30],{"class":82},[60,14429,79],{"class":78},[60,14431,258],{"class":74},[60,14433,5408],{"class":357},[60,14435,88],{"class":74},[60,14437,91],{"class":78},[60,14439,1428],{"class":82},[60,14441,79],{"class":78},[60,14443,258],{"class":74},[60,14445,363],{"class":357},[60,14447,108],{"class":74},[60,14449,14450,14453,14455,14458,14460,14462],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14451,14452],{"class":66},"data_copy ",[60,14454,71],{"class":70},[60,14456,14457],{"class":66}," data",[60,14459,117],{"class":74},[60,14461,12805],{"class":120},[60,14463,8555],{"class":74},[60,14465,14466],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14467,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14469,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,14471,1634],{"class":66},[60,14473,3812],{"class":74},[60,14475,79],{"class":78},[60,14477,30],{"class":82},[60,14479,79],{"class":78},[60,14481,13164],{"class":74},[60,14483,13167],{"class":70},[60,14485,2504],{"class":357},[60,14487,14488,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,14489,14490],{"class":66},"data_copy",[60,14492,3812],{"class":74},[60,14494,79],{"class":78},[60,14496,1428],{"class":82},[60,14498,79],{"class":78},[60,14500,13164],{"class":74},[60,14502,13167],{"class":70},[60,14504,14505],{"class":357}," 20\n",[60,14507,14508],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,14509,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14511,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,14513,140],{"class":139},[60,14515,124],{"class":74},[60,14517,79],{"class":78},[60,14519,13185],{"class":82},[60,14521,79],{"class":78},[60,14523,88],{"class":74},[60,14525,14457],{"class":120},[60,14527,133],{"class":74},[60,14529,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14545],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,14531,140],{"class":139},[60,14533,124],{"class":74},[60,14535,79],{"class":78},[60,14537,13204],{"class":82},[60,14539,79],{"class":78},[60,14541,88],{"class":74},[60,14543,14544],{"class":120}," data_copy",[60,14546,133],{"class":74},[20,14548,14549],{},[41,14550,404],{},[51,14552,14554],{"className":53,"code":14553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14555,14556,14588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14557,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14559,13227],{"class":66},[60,14561,258],{"class":74},[60,14563,75],{"class":74},[60,14565,205],{"class":78},[60,14567,30],{"class":82},[60,14569,205],{"class":78},[60,14571,258],{"class":74},[60,14573,5916],{"class":357},[60,14575,88],{"class":74},[60,14577,214],{"class":78},[60,14579,1428],{"class":82},[60,14581,205],{"class":78},[60,14583,258],{"class":74},[60,14585,363],{"class":357},[60,14587,108],{"class":74},[60,14589,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14591,13264],{"class":66},[60,14593,258],{"class":74},[60,14595,75],{"class":74},[60,14597,205],{"class":78},[60,14599,30],{"class":82},[60,14601,205],{"class":78},[60,14603,258],{"class":74},[60,14605,5408],{"class":357},[60,14607,88],{"class":74},[60,14609,214],{"class":78},[60,14611,1428],{"class":82},[60,14613,205],{"class":78},[60,14615,258],{"class":74},[60,14617,7702],{"class":357},[60,14619,108],{"class":74},[46,14621,1245],{"id":1244},[20,14623,14624,14625,258],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14626,12329],{},[260,14628,14629,14636,14641,14646],{},[263,14630,8331,14631,10994,14633,14635],{},[15,14632,71],{},[15,14634,12670],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[263,14637,4490,14638,14640],{},[15,14639,12670],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[263,14642,14643,14644],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14645,12670],{},[263,14647,14648],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14650,14651],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[51,14653,14655],{"className":53,"code":14654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14656,14657,14667,14677,14691,14714,14737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14658,14659,14661,14663,14665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14660,140],{"class":139},[60,14662,124],{"class":74},[60,14664,12027],{"class":120},[60,14666,133],{"class":74},[60,14668,14669,14671,14673,14675],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14670,140],{"class":139},[60,14672,124],{"class":74},[60,14674,14221],{"class":120},[60,14676,133],{"class":74},[60,14678,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14680,140],{"class":139},[60,14682,124],{"class":74},[60,14684,11980],{"class":120},[60,14686,12088],{"class":1153},[60,14688,14275],{"class":120},[60,14690,133],{"class":74},[60,14692,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14708,14710,14712],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,14694,140],{"class":139},[60,14696,124],{"class":74},[60,14698,12544],{"class":139},[60,14700,124],{"class":74},[60,14702,12027],{"class":120},[60,14704,9141],{"class":74},[60,14706,14707],{"class":139}," id",[60,14709,124],{"class":74},[60,14711,14221],{"class":120},[60,14713,1691],{"class":74},[60,14715,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14733,14735],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,14717,140],{"class":139},[60,14719,124],{"class":74},[60,14721,12544],{"class":139},[60,14723,124],{"class":74},[60,14725,12027],{"class":120},[60,14727,3812],{"class":74},[60,14729,79],{"class":78},[60,14731,14732],{"class":82},"key",[60,14734,79],{"class":78},[60,14736,2913],{"class":74},[60,14738,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,14740,140],{"class":139},[60,14742,124],{"class":74},[60,14744,12544],{"class":139},[60,14746,124],{"class":74},[60,14748,14221],{"class":120},[60,14750,3812],{"class":74},[60,14752,79],{"class":78},[60,14754,14732],{"class":82},[60,14756,79],{"class":78},[60,14758,2913],{"class":74},[20,14760,14761],{},"What these help you check:",[260,14763,14764,14767,14770],{},[263,14765,14766],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[263,14768,14769],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[263,14771,14772],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14774,14775,14776,117],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[30,14777,14779],{"href":14778},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[46,14781,1746],{"id":1745},[337,14783,12599,14785,14787],{"id":14784},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14786,12329],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14789,14790],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[337,14792,14794,14795,14797],{"id":14793},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14796,12329],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14799,14800],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[337,14802,1773,14804,1776,14806,1779],{"id":14803},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14805,12670],{},[15,14807,71],{},[20,14809,14810,14812,14813,14815],{},[15,14811,12670],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14814,71],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[337,14817,14819],{"id":14818},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14821,14822],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[46,14824,1808],{"id":1807},[260,14826,14827,14831,14835,14839,14846,14852],{},[263,14828,14829],{},[30,14830,11144],{"href":12920},[263,14832,14833],{},[30,14834,9065],{"href":12917},[263,14836,14837],{},[30,14838,13682],{"href":13681},[263,14840,14841],{},[30,14842,10641,14843,1818],{"href":13924},[15,14844,14845],{},"update()",[263,14847,14848],{},[30,14849,10641,14850,1818],{"href":12717},[15,14851,11222],{},[263,14853,14854],{},[30,14855,14856],{"href":14778},"How to copy a list in Python",[1841,14858,14859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":14861},[14862,14863,14865,14866,14867,14868,14870,14876,14877,14878,14887],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":12889,"depth":111,"text":14864},"What the copy() method does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":13324,"depth":111,"text":13325},{"id":13685,"depth":111,"text":14869},"When to use copy()",{"id":13934,"depth":111,"text":14871,"children":14872},"copy() vs assignment",[14873,14874],{"id":13950,"depth":136,"text":13951},{"id":14158,"depth":136,"text":14875},"Using copy()",{"id":14389,"depth":111,"text":14390},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":14879},[14880,14882,14884,14886],{"id":14784,"depth":136,"text":14881},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14793,"depth":136,"text":14883},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14803,"depth":136,"text":14885},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14818,"depth":136,"text":14819},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12723,"description":14888},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14895,"title":14896,"body":14897,"description":17094,"extension":1883,"meta":17095,"navigation":152,"path":12920,"seo":17096,"stem":17097,"__hash__":17098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14898,"toc":17056},[14899,14902,14908,14917,14919,14995,14999,15048,15051,15055,15069,15072,15076,15089,15092,15125,15139,15142,15154,15158,15161,15169,15249,15253,15306,15310,15328,15330,15412,15415,15417,15420,15423,15446,15470,15474,15482,15485,15489,15498,15503,15560,15564,15597,15603,15609,15612,15667,15671,15721,15724,15730,15733,15741,15743,15788,15793,15802,15805,15808,15855,15857,15862,15865,15959,15963,16016,16019,16075,16078,16082,16085,16099,16103,16169,16173,16198,16201,16205,16283,16287,16290,16293,16313,16316,16369,16373,16376,16379,16392,16394,16483,16490,16493,16504,16506,16509,16529,16533,16535,16544,16547,16586,16590,16592,16601,16610,16612,16650,16654,16701,16705,16726,16730,16733,16845,16850,16948,16970,16972,16976,16983,16987,16993,16997,17000,17004,17007,17014,17022,17024,17050,17053],[10,14900,14896],{"id":14901},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14903,14904,14905,14907],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[41,14906,9041],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14909,14910,14911,288,14913,117],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[30,14912,9065],{"href":9064},[30,14914,14916],{"href":14915},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[46,14918,49],{"id":48},[51,14920,14922],{"className":53,"code":14921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14923,14924,14932,14950,14964,14977,14981,14985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14925,14926,14928,14930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14927,12757],{"class":66},[60,14929,71],{"class":70},[60,14931,11391],{"class":74},[60,14933,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14935,11396],{"class":78},[60,14937,7580],{"class":82},[60,14939,79],{"class":78},[60,14941,258],{"class":74},[60,14943,91],{"class":78},[60,14945,12774],{"class":82},[60,14947,79],{"class":78},[60,14949,11412],{"class":74},[60,14951,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,14953,11396],{"class":78},[60,14955,9206],{"class":82},[60,14957,79],{"class":78},[60,14959,258],{"class":74},[60,14961,7702],{"class":357},[60,14963,11412],{"class":74},[60,14965,14966,14968,14971,14973,14975],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,14967,11396],{"class":78},[60,14969,14970],{"class":82},"is_active",[60,14972,79],{"class":78},[60,14974,258],{"class":74},[60,14976,6333],{"class":734},[60,14978,14979],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,14980,108],{"class":74},[60,14982,14983],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,14984,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,14986,14987,14989,14991,14993],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,14988,140],{"class":139},[60,14990,124],{"class":74},[60,14992,13517],{"class":120},[60,14994,133],{"class":74},[20,14996,14997],{},[41,14998,404],{},[51,15000,15002],{"className":53,"code":15001,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15003,15004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15005,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15007,202],{"class":74},[60,15009,205],{"class":78},[60,15011,7580],{"class":82},[60,15013,205],{"class":78},[60,15015,258],{"class":74},[60,15017,214],{"class":78},[60,15019,12774],{"class":82},[60,15021,205],{"class":78},[60,15023,88],{"class":74},[60,15025,214],{"class":78},[60,15027,9206],{"class":82},[60,15029,205],{"class":78},[60,15031,258],{"class":74},[60,15033,7702],{"class":357},[60,15035,88],{"class":74},[60,15037,214],{"class":78},[60,15039,14970],{"class":82},[60,15041,205],{"class":78},[60,15043,258],{"class":74},[60,15045,3828],{"class":734},[60,15047,108],{"class":74},[20,15049,15050],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[46,15052,15054],{"id":15053},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[260,15056,15057,15060,15063,15066],{},[263,15058,15059],{},"What a dictionary is",[263,15061,15062],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[263,15064,15065],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[263,15067,15068],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[46,15070,15059],{"id":15071},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15073,9038,15074,117],{},[41,15075,9041],{},[260,15077,15078,15084],{},[263,15079,15080,15081,15083],{},"A ",[41,15082,14732],{}," is the label",[263,15085,15080,15086,15088],{},[41,15087,315],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15090,15091],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[51,15093,15095],{"className":53,"code":15094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15096,15097,15105,15121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15098,15099,15101,15103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15100,12757],{"class":66},[60,15102,71],{"class":70},[60,15104,11391],{"class":74},[60,15106,15107,15109,15111,15113,15115,15117,15119],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15108,11396],{"class":78},[60,15110,7580],{"class":82},[60,15112,79],{"class":78},[60,15114,258],{"class":74},[60,15116,91],{"class":78},[60,15118,12774],{"class":82},[60,15120,3273],{"class":78},[60,15122,15123],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15124,108],{"class":74},[260,15126,15127,15133],{},[263,15128,15129,15132],{},[15,15130,15131],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[263,15134,15135,15138],{},[15,15136,15137],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15140,15141],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[260,15143,15144,15146,15148,15151],{},[263,15145,7580],{},[263,15147,9206],{},[263,15149,15150],{},"email",[263,15152,15153],{},"country",[46,15155,15157],{"id":15156},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15159,15160],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15162,243,15163,15165,15166,117],{},[15,15164,3705],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15167,15168],{},"key: value",[51,15170,15172],{"className":53,"code":15171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15173,15174,15182,15200,15214,15231,15235,15239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15175,15176,15178,15180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15177,12757],{"class":66},[60,15179,71],{"class":70},[60,15181,11391],{"class":74},[60,15183,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15185,11396],{"class":78},[60,15187,7580],{"class":82},[60,15189,79],{"class":78},[60,15191,258],{"class":74},[60,15193,91],{"class":78},[60,15195,12774],{"class":82},[60,15197,79],{"class":78},[60,15199,11412],{"class":74},[60,15201,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15203,11396],{"class":78},[60,15205,9206],{"class":82},[60,15207,79],{"class":78},[60,15209,258],{"class":74},[60,15211,7702],{"class":357},[60,15213,11412],{"class":74},[60,15215,15216,15218,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,15217,11396],{"class":78},[60,15219,15220],{"class":82},"course",[60,15222,79],{"class":78},[60,15224,258],{"class":74},[60,15226,91],{"class":78},[60,15228,7208],{"class":82},[60,15230,3273],{"class":78},[60,15232,15233],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,15234,108],{"class":74},[60,15236,15237],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,15238,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15240,15241,15243,15245,15247],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,15242,140],{"class":139},[60,15244,124],{"class":74},[60,15246,13517],{"class":120},[60,15248,133],{"class":74},[20,15250,15251],{},[41,15252,404],{},[51,15254,15256],{"className":53,"code":15255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15257,15258],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15259,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15261,202],{"class":74},[60,15263,205],{"class":78},[60,15265,7580],{"class":82},[60,15267,205],{"class":78},[60,15269,258],{"class":74},[60,15271,214],{"class":78},[60,15273,12774],{"class":82},[60,15275,205],{"class":78},[60,15277,88],{"class":74},[60,15279,214],{"class":78},[60,15281,9206],{"class":82},[60,15283,205],{"class":78},[60,15285,258],{"class":74},[60,15287,7702],{"class":357},[60,15289,88],{"class":74},[60,15291,214],{"class":78},[60,15293,15220],{"class":82},[60,15295,205],{"class":78},[60,15297,258],{"class":74},[60,15299,214],{"class":78},[60,15301,7208],{"class":82},[60,15303,205],{"class":78},[60,15305,108],{"class":74},[337,15307,15309],{"id":15308},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[260,15311,15312,15317,15322,15325],{},[263,15313,243,15314,15316],{},[15,15315,3705],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[263,15318,15319,15320],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15321,15168],{},[263,15323,15324],{},"Separate items with commas",[263,15326,15327],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15329,2127],{},[51,15331,15333],{"className":53,"code":15332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15334,15335,15344,15364,15380,15393,15397,15401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15336,15337,15340,15342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15338,15339],{"class":66},"book ",[60,15341,71],{"class":70},[60,15343,11391],{"class":74},[60,15345,15346,15348,15351,15353,15355,15357,15360,15362],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15347,11396],{"class":78},[60,15349,15350],{"class":82},"title",[60,15352,79],{"class":78},[60,15354,258],{"class":74},[60,15356,91],{"class":78},[60,15358,15359],{"class":82},"Python Basics",[60,15361,79],{"class":78},[60,15363,11412],{"class":74},[60,15365,15366,15368,15371,15373,15375,15378],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15367,11396],{"class":78},[60,15369,15370],{"class":82},"pages",[60,15372,79],{"class":78},[60,15374,258],{"class":74},[60,15376,15377],{"class":357}," 150",[60,15379,11412],{"class":74},[60,15381,15382,15384,15387,15389,15391],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,15383,11396],{"class":78},[60,15385,15386],{"class":82},"available",[60,15388,79],{"class":78},[60,15390,258],{"class":74},[60,15392,6333],{"class":734},[60,15394,15395],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,15396,108],{"class":74},[60,15398,15399],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,15400,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15402,15403,15405,15407,15410],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,15404,140],{"class":139},[60,15406,124],{"class":74},[60,15408,15409],{"class":120},"book",[60,15411,133],{"class":74},[20,15413,15414],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[46,15416,9309],{"id":9308},[20,15418,15419],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15421,15422],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[51,15424,15426],{"className":53,"code":15425,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15427,15428,15436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15429,15430,15432,15434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15431,1613],{"class":66},[60,15433,71],{"class":70},[60,15435,9744],{"class":74},[60,15437,15438,15440,15442,15444],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15439,140],{"class":139},[60,15441,124],{"class":74},[60,15443,1634],{"class":120},[60,15445,133],{"class":74},[51,15447,15448],{"className":53,"code":9312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,15449,15450,15460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15451,15452,15454,15456,15458],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15453,1613],{"class":66},[60,15455,71],{"class":70},[60,15457,9079],{"class":1683},[60,15459,8555],{"class":74},[60,15461,15462,15464,15466,15468],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15463,140],{"class":139},[60,15465,124],{"class":74},[60,15467,1634],{"class":120},[60,15469,133],{"class":74},[20,15471,15472],{},[41,15473,404],{},[51,15475,15476],{"className":53,"code":9341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,15477,15478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15479,15480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15481,9341],{"class":74},[20,15483,15484],{},"Both are correct.",[337,15486,15488],{"id":15487},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15490,15491,15493,15494,15497],{},[15,15492,3705],{}," creates an empty ",[41,15495,15496],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15499,15500,15501,117],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15502,3710],{},[51,15504,15506],{"className":53,"code":15505,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15507,15508,15516,15528,15532,15546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15509,15510,15512,15514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15511,11619],{"class":66},[60,15513,71],{"class":70},[60,15515,9744],{"class":74},[60,15517,15518,15521,15523,15526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15519,15520],{"class":66},"my_set ",[60,15522,71],{"class":70},[60,15524,15525],{"class":1683}," set",[60,15527,8555],{"class":74},[60,15529,15530],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15531,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15533,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,15535,140],{"class":139},[60,15537,124],{"class":74},[60,15539,1684],{"class":1683},[60,15541,124],{"class":74},[60,15543,11349],{"class":120},[60,15545,1691],{"class":74},[60,15547,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,15549,140],{"class":139},[60,15551,124],{"class":74},[60,15553,1684],{"class":1683},[60,15555,124],{"class":74},[60,15557,306],{"class":120},[60,15559,1691],{"class":74},[20,15561,15562],{},[41,15563,404],{},[51,15565,15567],{"className":53,"code":15566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15568,15569,15583],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15570,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15572,3205],{"class":70},[60,15574,3208],{"class":1984},[60,15576,214],{"class":78},[60,15578,8733],{"class":82},[60,15580,205],{"class":78},[60,15582,3217],{"class":70},[60,15584,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15586,3205],{"class":70},[60,15588,3208],{"class":1984},[60,15590,214],{"class":78},[60,15592,1718],{"class":82},[60,15594,205],{"class":78},[60,15596,3217],{"class":70},[46,15598,15600,15601],{"id":15599},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15602,9029],{},[20,15604,15605,15606,15608],{},"You can also use ",[15,15607,9029],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15610,15611],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[51,15613,15615],{"className":53,"code":15614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15616,15617,15657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15618,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643,15646,15648,15651,15653,15655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15620,12757],{"class":66},[60,15622,71],{"class":70},[60,15624,9079],{"class":1683},[60,15626,124],{"class":74},[60,15628,7580],{"class":9084},[60,15630,71],{"class":70},[60,15632,79],{"class":78},[60,15634,12774],{"class":82},[60,15636,79],{"class":78},[60,15638,88],{"class":74},[60,15640,9097],{"class":9084},[60,15642,71],{"class":70},[60,15644,15645],{"class":357},"20",[60,15647,88],{"class":74},[60,15649,15650],{"class":9084}," active",[60,15652,71],{"class":70},[60,15654,3520],{"class":734},[60,15656,133],{"class":74},[60,15658,15659,15661,15663,15665],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15660,140],{"class":139},[60,15662,124],{"class":74},[60,15664,13517],{"class":120},[60,15666,133],{"class":74},[20,15668,15669],{},[41,15670,404],{},[51,15672,15674],{"className":53,"code":15673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15675,15676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15677,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15713,15715,15717,15719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15679,202],{"class":74},[60,15681,205],{"class":78},[60,15683,7580],{"class":82},[60,15685,205],{"class":78},[60,15687,258],{"class":74},[60,15689,214],{"class":78},[60,15691,12774],{"class":82},[60,15693,205],{"class":78},[60,15695,88],{"class":74},[60,15697,214],{"class":78},[60,15699,9206],{"class":82},[60,15701,205],{"class":78},[60,15703,258],{"class":74},[60,15705,7702],{"class":357},[60,15707,88],{"class":74},[60,15709,214],{"class":78},[60,15711,15712],{"class":82},"active",[60,15714,205],{"class":78},[60,15716,258],{"class":74},[60,15718,3828],{"class":734},[60,15720,108],{"class":74},[20,15722,15723],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[337,15725,15727,15728],{"id":15726},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15729,9029],{},[20,15731,15732],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[260,15734,15735,15738],{},[263,15736,15737],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[263,15739,15740],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15742,6599],{},[51,15744,15746],{"className":53,"code":15745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15747,15748,15778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15749,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15751,11386],{"class":66},[60,15753,71],{"class":70},[60,15755,9079],{"class":1683},[60,15757,124],{"class":74},[60,15759,7580],{"class":9084},[60,15761,71],{"class":70},[60,15763,79],{"class":78},[60,15765,7589],{"class":82},[60,15767,79],{"class":78},[60,15769,88],{"class":74},[60,15771,9097],{"class":9084},[60,15773,71],{"class":70},[60,15775,9102],{"class":357},[60,15777,133],{"class":74},[60,15779,15780,15782,15784,15786],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15781,140],{"class":139},[60,15783,124],{"class":74},[60,15785,11479],{"class":120},[60,15787,133],{"class":74},[20,15789,4539,15790,15792],{},[41,15791,43],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[51,15794,15796],{"className":53,"code":15795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15797,15798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15799,15800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15801,15795],{"class":177},[20,15803,15804],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15806,15807],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[51,15809,15811],{"className":53,"code":15810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15812,15813,15821,15837,15841,15845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15814,15815,15817,15819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15816,11386],{"class":66},[60,15818,71],{"class":70},[60,15820,11391],{"class":74},[60,15822,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15824,11396],{"class":78},[60,15826,10401],{"class":82},[60,15828,79],{"class":78},[60,15830,258],{"class":74},[60,15832,91],{"class":78},[60,15834,7589],{"class":82},[60,15836,3273],{"class":78},[60,15838,15839],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15840,108],{"class":74},[60,15842,15843],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,15844,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15846,15847,15849,15851,15853],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,15848,140],{"class":139},[60,15850,124],{"class":74},[60,15852,11479],{"class":120},[60,15854,133],{"class":74},[46,15856,9351],{"id":9350},[20,15858,15859,15861],{},[15,15860,9029],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15863,15864],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[51,15866,15868],{"className":53,"code":15867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15869,15870,15927,15931,15945,15949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15871,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15923,15925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15873,9123],{"class":66},[60,15875,71],{"class":70},[60,15877,9128],{"class":74},[60,15879,79],{"class":78},[60,15881,7580],{"class":82},[60,15883,79],{"class":78},[60,15885,88],{"class":74},[60,15887,91],{"class":78},[60,15889,12774],{"class":82},[60,15891,79],{"class":78},[60,15893,9141],{"class":74},[60,15895,9144],{"class":74},[60,15897,79],{"class":78},[60,15899,9206],{"class":82},[60,15901,79],{"class":78},[60,15903,88],{"class":74},[60,15905,7702],{"class":357},[60,15907,9141],{"class":74},[60,15909,9144],{"class":74},[60,15911,79],{"class":78},[60,15913,10315],{"class":82},[60,15915,79],{"class":78},[60,15917,88],{"class":74},[60,15919,91],{"class":78},[60,15921,15922],{"class":82},"Lima",[60,15924,79],{"class":78},[60,15926,9157],{"class":74},[60,15928,15929],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15930,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15932,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,15934,12757],{"class":66},[60,15936,71],{"class":70},[60,15938,9079],{"class":1683},[60,15940,124],{"class":74},[60,15942,9170],{"class":120},[60,15944,133],{"class":74},[60,15946,15947],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,15948,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,15950,15951,15953,15955,15957],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,15952,140],{"class":139},[60,15954,124],{"class":74},[60,15956,13517],{"class":120},[60,15958,133],{"class":74},[20,15960,15961],{},[41,15962,404],{},[51,15964,15966],{"className":53,"code":15965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15967,15968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15969,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15971,202],{"class":74},[60,15973,205],{"class":78},[60,15975,7580],{"class":82},[60,15977,205],{"class":78},[60,15979,258],{"class":74},[60,15981,214],{"class":78},[60,15983,12774],{"class":82},[60,15985,205],{"class":78},[60,15987,88],{"class":74},[60,15989,214],{"class":78},[60,15991,9206],{"class":82},[60,15993,205],{"class":78},[60,15995,258],{"class":74},[60,15997,7702],{"class":357},[60,15999,88],{"class":74},[60,16001,214],{"class":78},[60,16003,10315],{"class":82},[60,16005,205],{"class":78},[60,16007,258],{"class":74},[60,16009,214],{"class":78},[60,16011,15922],{"class":82},[60,16013,205],{"class":78},[60,16015,108],{"class":74},[20,16017,16018],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[51,16020,16022],{"className":53,"code":16021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16023,16024,16065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16025,16026,16028,16030,16032,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16027,12757],{"class":66},[60,16029,71],{"class":70},[60,16031,9079],{"class":1683},[60,16033,16034],{"class":74},"(((",[60,16036,79],{"class":78},[60,16038,7580],{"class":82},[60,16040,79],{"class":78},[60,16042,88],{"class":74},[60,16044,91],{"class":78},[60,16046,12774],{"class":82},[60,16048,79],{"class":78},[60,16050,9141],{"class":74},[60,16052,9144],{"class":74},[60,16054,79],{"class":78},[60,16056,9206],{"class":82},[60,16058,79],{"class":78},[60,16060,88],{"class":74},[60,16062,7702],{"class":357},[60,16064,2827],{"class":74},[60,16066,16067,16069,16071,16073],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16068,140],{"class":139},[60,16070,124],{"class":74},[60,16072,13517],{"class":120},[60,16074,133],{"class":74},[20,16076,16077],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[46,16079,16081],{"id":16080},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16083,16084],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[260,16086,16087,16090,16093,16096],{},[263,16088,16089],{},"Keys must be unique",[263,16091,16092],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[263,16094,16095],{},"Values can repeat",[263,16097,16098],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[337,16100,16102],{"id":16101},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[51,16104,16106],{"className":53,"code":16105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16107,16108,16116,16134,16151,16155,16159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16109,16110,16112,16114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16111,1613],{"class":66},[60,16113,71],{"class":70},[60,16115,11391],{"class":74},[60,16117,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16119,11396],{"class":78},[60,16121,7580],{"class":82},[60,16123,79],{"class":78},[60,16125,258],{"class":74},[60,16127,91],{"class":78},[60,16129,12774],{"class":82},[60,16131,79],{"class":78},[60,16133,11412],{"class":74},[60,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16137,11396],{"class":78},[60,16139,7580],{"class":82},[60,16141,79],{"class":78},[60,16143,258],{"class":74},[60,16145,91],{"class":78},[60,16147,16148],{"class":82},"Maria",[60,16150,3273],{"class":78},[60,16152,16153],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16154,108],{"class":74},[60,16156,16157],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16158,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,16160,16161,16163,16165,16167],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,16162,140],{"class":139},[60,16164,124],{"class":74},[60,16166,1634],{"class":120},[60,16168,133],{"class":74},[20,16170,16171],{},[41,16172,404],{},[51,16174,16176],{"className":53,"code":16175,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16177,16178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16181,202],{"class":74},[60,16183,205],{"class":78},[60,16185,7580],{"class":82},[60,16187,205],{"class":78},[60,16189,258],{"class":74},[60,16191,214],{"class":78},[60,16193,16148],{"class":82},[60,16195,205],{"class":78},[60,16197,108],{"class":74},[20,16199,16200],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[337,16202,16204],{"id":16203},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[51,16206,16208],{"className":53,"code":16207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16209,16210,16218,16234,16250,16264,16268,16272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16211,16212,16214,16216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16213,4974],{"class":66},[60,16215,71],{"class":70},[60,16217,11391],{"class":74},[60,16219,16220,16223,16225,16227,16230,16232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16221,16222],{"class":357},"    1",[60,16224,258],{"class":74},[60,16226,91],{"class":78},[60,16228,16229],{"class":82},"low",[60,16231,79],{"class":78},[60,16233,11412],{"class":74},[60,16235,16236,16239,16241,16243,16246,16248],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16237,16238],{"class":357},"    2",[60,16240,258],{"class":74},[60,16242,91],{"class":78},[60,16244,16245],{"class":82},"medium",[60,16247,79],{"class":78},[60,16249,11412],{"class":74},[60,16251,16252,16255,16257,16259,16262],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16253,16254],{"class":357},"    3",[60,16256,258],{"class":74},[60,16258,91],{"class":78},[60,16260,16261],{"class":82},"high",[60,16263,3273],{"class":78},[60,16265,16266],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16267,108],{"class":74},[60,16269,16270],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,16271,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,16273,16274,16276,16278,16281],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,16275,140],{"class":139},[60,16277,124],{"class":74},[60,16279,16280],{"class":120},"scores",[60,16282,133],{"class":74},[337,16284,16286],{"id":16285},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16288,16289],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16291,16292],{},"This will cause an error:",[51,16294,16296],{"className":53,"code":16295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16297,16298,16303,16308],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16299,16300],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16301,16302],{"class":177},"# bad = {\n",[60,16304,16305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16306,16307],{"class":177},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[60,16309,16310],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16311,16312],{"class":177},"# }\n",[20,16314,16315],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[51,16317,16319],{"className":53,"code":16318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16320,16321,16330,16350,16354,16358],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16322,16323,16326,16328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16324,16325],{"class":66},"good ",[60,16327,71],{"class":70},[60,16329,11391],{"class":74},[60,16331,16332,16335,16337,16339,16341,16344,16346,16348],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16333,16334],{"class":74},"    (",[60,16336,358],{"class":357},[60,16338,88],{"class":74},[60,16340,363],{"class":357},[60,16342,16343],{"class":74},"):",[60,16345,91],{"class":78},[60,16347,380],{"class":82},[60,16349,3273],{"class":78},[60,16351,16352],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16353,108],{"class":74},[60,16355,16356],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16357,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,16359,16360,16362,16364,16367],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16361,140],{"class":139},[60,16363,124],{"class":74},[60,16365,16366],{"class":120},"good",[60,16368,133],{"class":74},[46,16370,16372],{"id":16371},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16374,16375],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16377,16378],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[260,16380,16381,16384,16386,16389],{},[263,16382,16383],{},"user data",[263,16385,13776],{},[263,16387,16388],{},"counters",[263,16390,16391],{},"lookups",[20,16393,2127],{},[51,16395,16397],{"className":53,"code":16396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16398,16399,16407,16426,16445,16457,16461,16465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16400,16401,16403,16405],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16402,11386],{"class":66},[60,16404,71],{"class":70},[60,16406,11391],{"class":74},[60,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16422,16424],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16410,11396],{"class":78},[60,16412,7897],{"class":82},[60,16414,79],{"class":78},[60,16416,258],{"class":74},[60,16418,91],{"class":78},[60,16420,16421],{"class":82},"ana123",[60,16423,79],{"class":78},[60,16425,11412],{"class":74},[60,16427,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16441,16443],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16429,11396],{"class":78},[60,16431,15150],{"class":82},[60,16433,79],{"class":78},[60,16435,258],{"class":74},[60,16437,91],{"class":78},[60,16439,16440],{"class":82},"ana@example.com",[60,16442,79],{"class":78},[60,16444,11412],{"class":74},[60,16446,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16448,11396],{"class":78},[60,16450,12409],{"class":82},[60,16452,79],{"class":78},[60,16454,258],{"class":74},[60,16456,6333],{"class":734},[60,16458,16459],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16460,108],{"class":74},[60,16462,16463],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,16464,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,16468,140],{"class":139},[60,16470,124],{"class":74},[60,16472,11479],{"class":120},[60,16474,3812],{"class":74},[60,16476,79],{"class":78},[60,16478,15150],{"class":82},[60,16480,79],{"class":78},[60,16482,1646],{"class":74},[20,16484,16485,16486,117],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[30,16487,16489],{"href":16488},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16491,16492],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[260,16494,16495,16498,16501],{},[263,16496,16497],{},"labels are not needed",[263,16499,16500],{},"you mostly care about position",[263,16502,16503],{},"order matters more than named fields",[46,16505,1245],{"id":1244},[20,16507,16508],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[260,16510,16511,16514,16517,16520,16523],{},[263,16512,16513],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[263,16515,16516],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[263,16518,16519],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[263,16521,16522],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[263,16524,16525,16526,16528],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16527,3705],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[337,16530,16532],{"id":16531},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16534,1498],{},[51,16536,16538],{"className":53,"code":16537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16539,16540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16541,16542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16543,16537],{"class":177},[20,16545,16546],{},"Correct:",[51,16548,16550],{"className":53,"code":16549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16551,16552,16576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16553,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16555,12757],{"class":66},[60,16557,71],{"class":70},[60,16559,75],{"class":74},[60,16561,79],{"class":78},[60,16563,7580],{"class":82},[60,16565,79],{"class":78},[60,16567,258],{"class":74},[60,16569,91],{"class":78},[60,16571,12774],{"class":82},[60,16573,79],{"class":78},[60,16575,108],{"class":74},[60,16577,16578,16580,16582,16584],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16579,140],{"class":139},[60,16581,124],{"class":74},[60,16583,13517],{"class":120},[60,16585,133],{"class":74},[337,16587,16589],{"id":16588},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16591,1498],{},[51,16593,16595],{"className":53,"code":16594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16596,16597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16598,16599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16600,16594],{"class":177},[20,16602,16603,16604,16606,16607,16609],{},"This only works if ",[15,16605,7580],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16608,15131],{},", use quotes.",[20,16611,16546],{},[51,16613,16614],{"className":53,"code":16549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,16615,16616,16640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16617,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16619,12757],{"class":66},[60,16621,71],{"class":70},[60,16623,75],{"class":74},[60,16625,79],{"class":78},[60,16627,7580],{"class":82},[60,16629,79],{"class":78},[60,16631,258],{"class":74},[60,16633,91],{"class":78},[60,16635,12774],{"class":82},[60,16637,79],{"class":78},[60,16639,108],{"class":74},[60,16641,16642,16644,16646,16648],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16643,140],{"class":139},[60,16645,124],{"class":74},[60,16647,13517],{"class":120},[60,16649,133],{"class":74},[337,16651,16653],{"id":16652},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[51,16655,16657],{"className":53,"code":16656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16658,16659,16691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16660,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679,16681,16683,16685,16687,16689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16662,1613],{"class":66},[60,16664,71],{"class":70},[60,16666,75],{"class":74},[60,16668,79],{"class":78},[60,16670,9206],{"class":82},[60,16672,79],{"class":78},[60,16674,258],{"class":74},[60,16676,7702],{"class":357},[60,16678,88],{"class":74},[60,16680,91],{"class":78},[60,16682,9206],{"class":82},[60,16684,79],{"class":78},[60,16686,258],{"class":74},[60,16688,7707],{"class":357},[60,16690,108],{"class":74},[60,16692,16693,16695,16697,16699],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16694,140],{"class":139},[60,16696,124],{"class":74},[60,16698,1634],{"class":120},[60,16700,133],{"class":74},[20,16702,16703],{},[41,16704,404],{},[51,16706,16708],{"className":53,"code":16707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16709,16710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16711,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16713,202],{"class":74},[60,16715,205],{"class":78},[60,16717,9206],{"class":82},[60,16719,205],{"class":78},[60,16721,258],{"class":74},[60,16723,7707],{"class":357},[60,16725,108],{"class":74},[46,16727,16729],{"id":16728},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16731,16732],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[51,16734,16736],{"className":53,"code":16735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16737,16738,16774,16778,16788,16802,16817,16831],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16739,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16741,11619],{"class":66},[60,16743,71],{"class":70},[60,16745,75],{"class":74},[60,16747,79],{"class":78},[60,16749,7580],{"class":82},[60,16751,79],{"class":78},[60,16753,258],{"class":74},[60,16755,91],{"class":78},[60,16757,12774],{"class":82},[60,16759,79],{"class":78},[60,16761,88],{"class":74},[60,16763,91],{"class":78},[60,16765,9206],{"class":82},[60,16767,79],{"class":78},[60,16769,258],{"class":74},[60,16771,7702],{"class":357},[60,16773,108],{"class":74},[60,16775,16776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16777,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16781,140],{"class":139},[60,16783,124],{"class":74},[60,16785,11349],{"class":120},[60,16787,133],{"class":74},[60,16789,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16791,140],{"class":139},[60,16793,124],{"class":74},[60,16795,1684],{"class":1683},[60,16797,124],{"class":74},[60,16799,11349],{"class":120},[60,16801,1691],{"class":74},[60,16803,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16815],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16805,140],{"class":139},[60,16807,124],{"class":74},[60,16809,11349],{"class":120},[60,16811,117],{"class":74},[60,16813,16814],{"class":120},"keys",[60,16816,7105],{"class":74},[60,16818,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,16820,140],{"class":139},[60,16822,124],{"class":74},[60,16824,11349],{"class":120},[60,16826,117],{"class":74},[60,16828,5268],{"class":120},[60,16830,7105],{"class":74},[60,16832,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,16834,140],{"class":139},[60,16836,124],{"class":74},[60,16838,11064],{"class":139},[60,16840,124],{"class":74},[60,16842,11349],{"class":120},[60,16844,1691],{"class":74},[20,16846,16847],{},[41,16848,16849],{},"Example output:",[51,16851,16853],{"className":53,"code":16852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16854,16855,16887,16901,16924,16943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16856,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16858,202],{"class":74},[60,16860,205],{"class":78},[60,16862,7580],{"class":82},[60,16864,205],{"class":78},[60,16866,258],{"class":74},[60,16868,214],{"class":78},[60,16870,12774],{"class":82},[60,16872,205],{"class":78},[60,16874,88],{"class":74},[60,16876,214],{"class":78},[60,16878,9206],{"class":82},[60,16880,205],{"class":78},[60,16882,258],{"class":74},[60,16884,7702],{"class":357},[60,16886,108],{"class":74},[60,16888,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16890,3205],{"class":70},[60,16892,3208],{"class":1984},[60,16894,214],{"class":78},[60,16896,8733],{"class":82},[60,16898,205],{"class":78},[60,16900,3217],{"class":70},[60,16902,16903,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,16904,16905],{"class":120},"dict_keys",[60,16907,1641],{"class":74},[60,16909,205],{"class":78},[60,16911,7580],{"class":82},[60,16913,205],{"class":78},[60,16915,88],{"class":74},[60,16917,214],{"class":78},[60,16919,9206],{"class":82},[60,16921,205],{"class":78},[60,16923,1646],{"class":74},[60,16925,16926,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,16927,16928],{"class":120},"dict_values",[60,16930,1641],{"class":74},[60,16932,205],{"class":78},[60,16934,12774],{"class":82},[60,16936,205],{"class":78},[60,16938,88],{"class":74},[60,16940,7702],{"class":357},[60,16942,1646],{"class":74},[60,16944,16945],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,16946,16947],{"class":357},"2\n",[20,16949,16950,16951,36,16957,16963,16964,117],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[30,16952,10641,16954],{"href":16953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16955,16956],{},"keys()",[30,16958,10641,16960],{"href":16959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16961,16962],{},"values()",", and ",[30,16965,10641,16967],{"href":16966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16968,16969],{},"items()",[46,16971,1746],{"id":1745},[337,16973,16975],{"id":16974},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16977,243,16978,288,16980,16982],{},[15,16979,3705],{},[15,16981,9029],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[337,16984,16986],{"id":16985},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16988,16989,16990,117],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16991,16992],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[337,16994,16996],{"id":16995},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16998,16999],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[337,17001,17003],{"id":17002},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17005,17006],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[337,17008,1773,17010,1776,17012,1779],{"id":17009},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17011,3705],{},[15,17013,9029],{},[20,17015,17016,17018,17019,17021],{},[15,17017,3705],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17020,9029],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[46,17023,1808],{"id":1807},[260,17025,17026,17030,17036,17040,17046],{},[263,17027,17028],{},[30,17029,9065],{"href":9064},[263,17031,17032],{},[30,17033,10641,17034,1818],{"href":10640},[15,17035,10644],{},[263,17037,17038],{},[30,17039,11153],{"href":10635},[263,17041,17042],{},[30,17043,17045],{"href":17044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[263,17047,17048],{},[30,17049,1839],{"href":630},[20,17051,17052],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1841,17054,17055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":17057},[17058,17059,17060,17061,17064,17067,17072,17073,17078,17079,17084,17085,17093],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":15071,"depth":111,"text":15059},{"id":15156,"depth":111,"text":15157,"children":17062},[17063],{"id":15308,"depth":136,"text":15309},{"id":9308,"depth":111,"text":9309,"children":17065},[17066],{"id":15487,"depth":136,"text":15488},{"id":15599,"depth":111,"text":17068,"children":17069},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17070],{"id":15726,"depth":136,"text":17071},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9350,"depth":111,"text":9351},{"id":16080,"depth":111,"text":16081,"children":17074},[17075,17076,17077],{"id":16101,"depth":136,"text":16102},{"id":16203,"depth":136,"text":16204},{"id":16285,"depth":136,"text":16286},{"id":16371,"depth":111,"text":16372},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":17080},[17081,17082,17083],{"id":16531,"depth":136,"text":16532},{"id":16588,"depth":136,"text":16589},{"id":16652,"depth":136,"text":16653},{"id":16728,"depth":111,"text":16729},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":17086},[17087,17088,17089,17090,17091],{"id":16974,"depth":136,"text":16975},{"id":16985,"depth":136,"text":16986},{"id":16995,"depth":136,"text":16996},{"id":17002,"depth":136,"text":17003},{"id":17009,"depth":136,"text":17092},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14896,"description":17094},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17100,"title":17101,"body":17102,"description":19550,"extension":1883,"meta":19551,"navigation":152,"path":19552,"seo":19553,"stem":19554,"__hash__":19555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17103,"toc":19506},[17104,17110,17116,17119,17122,17124,17206,17212,17217,17221,17239,17251,17256,17260,17283,17287,17299,17307,17311,17317,17319,17322,17395,17397,17442,17444,17461,17466,17472,17477,17551,17553,17598,17601,17612,17614,17733,17735,17788,17795,17799,17802,17819,17825,17829,17927,17929,17981,17988,17992,17998,18001,18004,18031,18036,18040,18043,18147,18149,18194,18197,18200,18205,18210,18221,18223,18284,18344,18350,18358,18364,18369,18374,18434,18438,18505,18508,18512,18583,18586,18599,18606,18608,18612,18616,18687,18689,18726,18729,18731,18794,18801,18804,18846,18856,18859,18928,18934,18939,19023,19025,19074,19081,19087,19132,19134,19167,19172,19176,19182,19221,19265,19333,19376,19378,19384,19387,19391,19396,19400,19403,19407,19409,19470,19472,19498,19503],[10,17105,11219,17107,18],{"id":17106},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17108,17109],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17111,17112,17115],{},[15,17113,17114],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17117,17118],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17120,17121],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[46,17123,49],{"id":48},[51,17125,17127],{"className":53,"code":17126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17128,17129,17162,17190,17201],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17130,17131,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17132,17133],{"class":66},"keys ",[60,17135,71],{"class":70},[60,17137,1512],{"class":74},[60,17139,79],{"class":78},[60,17141,7580],{"class":82},[60,17143,79],{"class":78},[60,17145,88],{"class":74},[60,17147,91],{"class":78},[60,17149,9206],{"class":82},[60,17151,79],{"class":78},[60,17153,88],{"class":74},[60,17155,91],{"class":78},[60,17157,10315],{"class":82},[60,17159,79],{"class":78},[60,17161,1525],{"class":74},[60,17163,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17186,17188],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17165,13095],{"class":66},[60,17167,71],{"class":70},[60,17169,9079],{"class":1683},[60,17171,117],{"class":74},[60,17173,17174],{"class":120},"fromkeys",[60,17176,124],{"class":74},[60,17178,16814],{"class":120},[60,17180,88],{"class":74},[60,17182,91],{"class":78},[60,17184,17185],{"class":82},"unknown",[60,17187,79],{"class":78},[60,17189,133],{"class":74},[60,17191,17192,17194,17196,17199],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,17193,140],{"class":139},[60,17195,124],{"class":74},[60,17197,17198],{"class":120},"person",[60,17200,133],{"class":74},[60,17202,17203],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,17204,17205],{"class":177},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17207,243,17208,17211],{},[15,17209,17210],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[46,17213,250,17215,253],{"id":17214},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17216,17114],{},[20,17218,17219,258],{},[15,17220,17114],{},[260,17222,17223,17226,17229,17232],{},[263,17224,17225],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[263,17227,17228],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[263,17230,17231],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[263,17233,17234,17235,17238],{},"Is called as ",[15,17236,17237],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17240,17241,17242,17244,17245,17247,17248,117],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17243,8733],{},", so you write ",[15,17246,17237],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17249,17250],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17252,17253,17254,117],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[30,17255,9065],{"href":12917},[46,17257,17259],{"id":17258},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[51,17261,17263],{"className":53,"code":17262,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17264,17265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17266,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17268,8733],{"class":1683},[60,17270,117],{"class":74},[60,17272,17174],{"class":120},[60,17274,124],{"class":74},[60,17276,3634],{"class":120},[60,17278,88],{"class":74},[60,17280,8347],{"class":120},[60,17282,133],{"class":74},[337,17284,17286],{"id":17285},"parameters","Parameters",[260,17288,17289,17294],{},[263,17290,17291,17293],{},[15,17292,3634],{},": the keys to use",[263,17295,17296,17298],{},[15,17297,315],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17300,17301,17302,17304,17305,117],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17303,315],{},", each key gets ",[15,17306,277],{},[337,17308,17310],{"id":17309},"return-value","Return value",[20,17312,17313,17314,117],{},"It returns a ",[41,17315,17316],{},"new dictionary",[46,17318,5698],{"id":5697},[20,17320,17321],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[51,17323,17325],{"className":53,"code":17324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17326,17327,17359,17381,17385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17328,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17330,17133],{"class":66},[60,17332,71],{"class":70},[60,17334,1512],{"class":74},[60,17336,79],{"class":78},[60,17338,83],{"class":82},[60,17340,79],{"class":78},[60,17342,88],{"class":74},[60,17344,91],{"class":78},[60,17346,103],{"class":82},[60,17348,79],{"class":78},[60,17350,88],{"class":74},[60,17352,91],{"class":78},[60,17354,94],{"class":82},[60,17356,79],{"class":78},[60,17358,1525],{"class":74},[60,17360,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17362,67],{"class":66},[60,17364,71],{"class":70},[60,17366,9079],{"class":1683},[60,17368,117],{"class":74},[60,17370,17174],{"class":120},[60,17372,124],{"class":74},[60,17374,16814],{"class":120},[60,17376,88],{"class":74},[60,17378,3747],{"class":357},[60,17380,133],{"class":74},[60,17382,17383],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,17384,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,17388,140],{"class":139},[60,17390,124],{"class":74},[60,17392,114],{"class":120},[60,17394,133],{"class":74},[20,17396,404],{},[51,17398,17400],{"className":53,"code":17399,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17401,17402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17403,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17405,202],{"class":74},[60,17407,205],{"class":78},[60,17409,83],{"class":82},[60,17411,205],{"class":78},[60,17413,258],{"class":74},[60,17415,3747],{"class":357},[60,17417,88],{"class":74},[60,17419,214],{"class":78},[60,17421,103],{"class":82},[60,17423,205],{"class":78},[60,17425,258],{"class":74},[60,17427,3747],{"class":357},[60,17429,88],{"class":74},[60,17431,214],{"class":78},[60,17433,94],{"class":82},[60,17435,205],{"class":78},[60,17437,258],{"class":74},[60,17439,3747],{"class":357},[60,17441,108],{"class":74},[20,17443,11578],{},[260,17445,17446,17451,17456],{},[263,17447,17448,17450],{},[15,17449,16814],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[263,17452,17453,17455],{},[15,17454,2039],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[263,17457,17458,17460],{},[15,17459,17114],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17462,17463,17464,117],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[30,17465,9298],{"href":12920},[46,17467,8331,17469,17471],{"id":17468},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17470,17109],{}," without a value",[20,17473,17474,17475,117],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17476,277],{},[51,17478,17480],{"className":53,"code":17479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17481,17482,17516,17536,17540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17483,17484,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17512,17514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17485,17486],{"class":66},"fields ",[60,17488,71],{"class":70},[60,17490,1512],{"class":74},[60,17492,79],{"class":78},[60,17494,7897],{"class":82},[60,17496,79],{"class":78},[60,17498,88],{"class":74},[60,17500,91],{"class":78},[60,17502,15150],{"class":82},[60,17504,79],{"class":78},[60,17506,88],{"class":74},[60,17508,91],{"class":78},[60,17510,17511],{"class":82},"password",[60,17513,79],{"class":78},[60,17515,1525],{"class":74},[60,17517,17518,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17534],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17519,17520],{"class":66},"user_data ",[60,17522,71],{"class":70},[60,17524,9079],{"class":1683},[60,17526,117],{"class":74},[60,17528,17174],{"class":120},[60,17530,124],{"class":74},[60,17532,17533],{"class":120},"fields",[60,17535,133],{"class":74},[60,17537,17538],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,17539,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17541,17542,17544,17546,17549],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,17543,140],{"class":139},[60,17545,124],{"class":74},[60,17547,17548],{"class":120},"user_data",[60,17550,133],{"class":74},[20,17552,404],{},[51,17554,17556],{"className":53,"code":17555,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17557,17558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17559,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17561,202],{"class":74},[60,17563,205],{"class":78},[60,17565,7897],{"class":82},[60,17567,205],{"class":78},[60,17569,258],{"class":74},[60,17571,3766],{"class":734},[60,17573,88],{"class":74},[60,17575,214],{"class":78},[60,17577,15150],{"class":82},[60,17579,205],{"class":78},[60,17581,258],{"class":74},[60,17583,3766],{"class":734},[60,17585,88],{"class":74},[60,17587,214],{"class":78},[60,17589,17511],{"class":82},[60,17591,205],{"class":78},[60,17593,258],{"class":74},[60,17595,3766],{"class":734},[60,17597,108],{"class":74},[20,17599,17600],{},"This is useful when:",[260,17602,17603,17606,17609],{},[263,17604,17605],{},"You want to create the keys first",[263,17607,17608],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[263,17610,17611],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17613,2127],{},[51,17615,17617],{"className":53,"code":17616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17618,17619,17651,17669,17673,17696,17719,17723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17620,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17622,17486],{"class":66},[60,17624,71],{"class":70},[60,17626,1512],{"class":74},[60,17628,79],{"class":78},[60,17630,7897],{"class":82},[60,17632,79],{"class":78},[60,17634,88],{"class":74},[60,17636,91],{"class":78},[60,17638,15150],{"class":82},[60,17640,79],{"class":78},[60,17642,88],{"class":74},[60,17644,91],{"class":78},[60,17646,17511],{"class":82},[60,17648,79],{"class":78},[60,17650,1525],{"class":74},[60,17652,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17654,17520],{"class":66},[60,17656,71],{"class":70},[60,17658,9079],{"class":1683},[60,17660,117],{"class":74},[60,17662,17174],{"class":120},[60,17664,124],{"class":74},[60,17666,17533],{"class":120},[60,17668,133],{"class":74},[60,17670,17671],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,17672,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17674,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17694],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,17676,17548],{"class":66},[60,17678,3812],{"class":74},[60,17680,79],{"class":78},[60,17682,7897],{"class":82},[60,17684,79],{"class":78},[60,17686,13164],{"class":74},[60,17688,13167],{"class":70},[60,17690,91],{"class":78},[60,17692,17693],{"class":82},"alice",[60,17695,3273],{"class":78},[60,17697,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17717],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,17699,17548],{"class":66},[60,17701,3812],{"class":74},[60,17703,79],{"class":78},[60,17705,15150],{"class":82},[60,17707,79],{"class":78},[60,17709,13164],{"class":74},[60,17711,13167],{"class":70},[60,17713,91],{"class":78},[60,17715,17716],{"class":82},"alice@example.com",[60,17718,3273],{"class":78},[60,17720,17721],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,17722,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17724,17725,17727,17729,17731],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,17726,140],{"class":139},[60,17728,124],{"class":74},[60,17730,17548],{"class":120},[60,17732,133],{"class":74},[20,17734,404],{},[51,17736,17738],{"className":53,"code":17737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17739,17740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17741,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17743,202],{"class":74},[60,17745,205],{"class":78},[60,17747,7897],{"class":82},[60,17749,205],{"class":78},[60,17751,258],{"class":74},[60,17753,214],{"class":78},[60,17755,17693],{"class":82},[60,17757,205],{"class":78},[60,17759,88],{"class":74},[60,17761,214],{"class":78},[60,17763,15150],{"class":82},[60,17765,205],{"class":78},[60,17767,258],{"class":74},[60,17769,214],{"class":78},[60,17771,17716],{"class":82},[60,17773,205],{"class":78},[60,17775,88],{"class":74},[60,17777,214],{"class":78},[60,17779,17511],{"class":82},[60,17781,205],{"class":78},[60,17783,258],{"class":74},[60,17785,3766],{"class":734},[60,17787,108],{"class":74},[20,17789,17790,17791,117],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[30,17792,17794],{"href":17793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[46,17796,17798],{"id":17797},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17800,17801],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[260,17803,17804,17809,17814],{},[263,17805,17806,17808],{},[15,17807,3700],{}," (list)",[263,17810,17811,17813],{},[15,17812,3705],{}," (dictionary)",[263,17815,17816,17818],{},[15,17817,3710],{}," (set)",[20,17820,17821,17822,117],{},"All keys will point to the ",[41,17823,17824],{},"same object",[337,17826,17828],{"id":17827},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[51,17830,17832],{"className":53,"code":17831,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17833,17834,17866,17887,17891,17913,17917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17835,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17837,17133],{"class":66},[60,17839,71],{"class":70},[60,17841,1512],{"class":74},[60,17843,79],{"class":78},[60,17845,30],{"class":82},[60,17847,79],{"class":78},[60,17849,88],{"class":74},[60,17851,91],{"class":78},[60,17853,1428],{"class":82},[60,17855,79],{"class":78},[60,17857,88],{"class":74},[60,17859,91],{"class":78},[60,17861,1437],{"class":82},[60,17863,79],{"class":78},[60,17865,1525],{"class":74},[60,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17869,1613],{"class":66},[60,17871,71],{"class":70},[60,17873,9079],{"class":1683},[60,17875,117],{"class":74},[60,17877,17174],{"class":120},[60,17879,124],{"class":74},[60,17881,16814],{"class":120},[60,17883,88],{"class":74},[60,17885,17886],{"class":74}," [])\n",[60,17888,17889],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,17890,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17892,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,17894,1634],{"class":66},[60,17896,3812],{"class":74},[60,17898,79],{"class":78},[60,17900,30],{"class":82},[60,17902,79],{"class":78},[60,17904,13441],{"class":74},[60,17906,13444],{"class":120},[60,17908,124],{"class":74},[60,17910,358],{"class":357},[60,17912,133],{"class":74},[60,17914,17915],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,17916,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,17918,17919,17921,17923,17925],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,17920,140],{"class":139},[60,17922,124],{"class":74},[60,17924,1634],{"class":120},[60,17926,133],{"class":74},[20,17928,404],{},[51,17930,17932],{"className":53,"code":17931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17933,17934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17935,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17937,202],{"class":74},[60,17939,205],{"class":78},[60,17941,30],{"class":82},[60,17943,205],{"class":78},[60,17945,258],{"class":74},[60,17947,1512],{"class":74},[60,17949,358],{"class":357},[60,17951,17952],{"class":74},"],",[60,17954,214],{"class":78},[60,17956,1428],{"class":82},[60,17958,205],{"class":78},[60,17960,258],{"class":74},[60,17962,1512],{"class":74},[60,17964,358],{"class":357},[60,17966,17952],{"class":74},[60,17968,214],{"class":78},[60,17970,1437],{"class":82},[60,17972,205],{"class":78},[60,17974,258],{"class":74},[60,17976,1512],{"class":74},[60,17978,358],{"class":357},[60,17980,13597],{"class":74},[20,17982,17983,17984,17987],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17985,17986],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[337,17989,17991],{"id":17990},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17993,17994,17997],{},[15,17995,17996],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17999,18000],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18002,18003],{},"So this:",[51,18005,18007],{"className":53,"code":18006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18008,18009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18010,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18012,1634],{"class":66},[60,18014,3812],{"class":74},[60,18016,79],{"class":78},[60,18018,30],{"class":82},[60,18020,79],{"class":78},[60,18022,13441],{"class":74},[60,18024,13444],{"class":120},[60,18026,124],{"class":74},[60,18028,358],{"class":357},[60,18030,133],{"class":74},[20,18032,18033,18034,117],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18035,17986],{},[337,18037,18039],{"id":18038},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18041,18042],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[51,18044,18046],{"className":53,"code":18045,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18047,18048,18080,18107,18111,18133,18137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18049,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18051,17133],{"class":66},[60,18053,71],{"class":70},[60,18055,1512],{"class":74},[60,18057,79],{"class":78},[60,18059,30],{"class":82},[60,18061,79],{"class":78},[60,18063,88],{"class":74},[60,18065,91],{"class":78},[60,18067,1428],{"class":82},[60,18069,79],{"class":78},[60,18071,88],{"class":74},[60,18073,91],{"class":78},[60,18075,1437],{"class":82},[60,18077,79],{"class":78},[60,18079,1525],{"class":74},[60,18081,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18095,18097,18100,18102,18105],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18083,1613],{"class":66},[60,18085,71],{"class":70},[60,18087,75],{"class":74},[60,18089,14732],{"class":66},[60,18091,258],{"class":74},[60,18093,18094],{"class":74}," []",[60,18096,3790],{"class":1153},[60,18098,18099],{"class":66}," key ",[60,18101,1703],{"class":1153},[60,18103,18104],{"class":66}," keys",[60,18106,108],{"class":74},[60,18108,18109],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18110,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,18114,1634],{"class":66},[60,18116,3812],{"class":74},[60,18118,79],{"class":78},[60,18120,30],{"class":82},[60,18122,79],{"class":78},[60,18124,13441],{"class":74},[60,18126,13444],{"class":120},[60,18128,124],{"class":74},[60,18130,358],{"class":357},[60,18132,133],{"class":74},[60,18134,18135],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,18136,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,18138,18139,18141,18143,18145],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,18140,140],{"class":139},[60,18142,124],{"class":74},[60,18144,1634],{"class":120},[60,18146,133],{"class":74},[20,18148,404],{},[51,18150,18152],{"className":53,"code":18151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18153,18154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18155,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18157,202],{"class":74},[60,18159,205],{"class":78},[60,18161,30],{"class":82},[60,18163,205],{"class":78},[60,18165,258],{"class":74},[60,18167,1512],{"class":74},[60,18169,358],{"class":357},[60,18171,17952],{"class":74},[60,18173,214],{"class":78},[60,18175,1428],{"class":82},[60,18177,205],{"class":78},[60,18179,258],{"class":74},[60,18181,18182],{"class":74}," [],",[60,18184,214],{"class":78},[60,18186,1437],{"class":82},[60,18188,205],{"class":78},[60,18190,258],{"class":74},[60,18192,18193],{"class":74}," []}\n",[20,18195,18196],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18198,18199],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[46,18201,1220,18203],{"id":18202},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18204,17109],{},[20,18206,18207,18209],{},[15,18208,17114],{}," is a good choice when:",[260,18211,18212,18215,18218],{},[263,18213,18214],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[263,18216,18217],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[263,18219,18220],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18222,2045],{},[51,18224,18226],{"className":53,"code":18225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18227,18228,18273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18229,18230,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18265,18267,18269,18271],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18231,18232],{"class":66},"flags ",[60,18234,71],{"class":70},[60,18236,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18238,117],{"class":74},[60,18240,17174],{"class":120},[60,18242,1641],{"class":74},[60,18244,79],{"class":78},[60,18246,18247],{"class":82},"is_admin",[60,18249,79],{"class":78},[60,18251,88],{"class":74},[60,18253,91],{"class":78},[60,18255,14970],{"class":82},[60,18257,79],{"class":78},[60,18259,88],{"class":74},[60,18261,91],{"class":78},[60,18263,18264],{"class":82},"is_verified",[60,18266,79],{"class":78},[60,18268,17952],{"class":74},[60,18270,3819],{"class":734},[60,18272,133],{"class":74},[60,18274,18275,18277,18279,18282],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18276,140],{"class":139},[60,18278,124],{"class":74},[60,18280,18281],{"class":120},"flags",[60,18283,133],{"class":74},[51,18285,18287],{"className":53,"code":18286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18288,18289,18334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18290,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18308,18310,18312,18314,18317,18319,18321,18323,18326,18328,18330,18332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18292,4974],{"class":66},[60,18294,71],{"class":70},[60,18296,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18298,117],{"class":74},[60,18300,17174],{"class":120},[60,18302,1641],{"class":74},[60,18304,79],{"class":78},[60,18306,18307],{"class":82},"math",[60,18309,79],{"class":78},[60,18311,88],{"class":74},[60,18313,91],{"class":78},[60,18315,18316],{"class":82},"science",[60,18318,79],{"class":78},[60,18320,88],{"class":74},[60,18322,91],{"class":78},[60,18324,18325],{"class":82},"history",[60,18327,79],{"class":78},[60,18329,17952],{"class":74},[60,18331,3747],{"class":357},[60,18333,133],{"class":74},[60,18335,18336,18338,18340,18342],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18337,140],{"class":139},[60,18339,124],{"class":74},[60,18341,16280],{"class":120},[60,18343,133],{"class":74},[20,18345,18346,18347,18349],{},"It is ",[41,18348,43],{}," the best choice when:",[260,18351,18352,18355],{},[263,18353,18354],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[263,18356,18357],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[46,18359,18361,18363],{"id":18360},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18362,17109],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18365,18366,18368],{},[15,18367,17109],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[337,18370,8331,18372],{"id":18371},"using-fromkeys",[15,18373,17109],{},[51,18375,18377],{"className":53,"code":18376,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18378,18379,18424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18380,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18398,18400,18402,18404,18407,18409,18411,18413,18416,18418,18420,18422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18382,13717],{"class":66},[60,18384,71],{"class":70},[60,18386,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18388,117],{"class":74},[60,18390,17174],{"class":120},[60,18392,1641],{"class":74},[60,18394,79],{"class":78},[60,18396,18397],{"class":82},"sound",[60,18399,79],{"class":78},[60,18401,88],{"class":74},[60,18403,91],{"class":78},[60,18405,18406],{"class":82},"music",[60,18408,79],{"class":78},[60,18410,88],{"class":74},[60,18412,91],{"class":78},[60,18414,18415],{"class":82},"notifications",[60,18417,79],{"class":78},[60,18419,17952],{"class":74},[60,18421,3828],{"class":734},[60,18423,133],{"class":74},[60,18425,18426,18428,18430,18432],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18427,140],{"class":139},[60,18429,124],{"class":74},[60,18431,13776],{"class":120},[60,18433,133],{"class":74},[337,18435,18437],{"id":18436},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[51,18439,18441],{"className":53,"code":18440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18442,18443,18451,18465,18479,18491,18495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18444,18445,18447,18449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18446,13717],{"class":66},[60,18448,71],{"class":70},[60,18450,11391],{"class":74},[60,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18454,11396],{"class":78},[60,18456,18397],{"class":82},[60,18458,79],{"class":78},[60,18460,258],{"class":74},[60,18462,3828],{"class":734},[60,18464,11412],{"class":74},[60,18466,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18468,11396],{"class":78},[60,18470,18406],{"class":82},[60,18472,79],{"class":78},[60,18474,258],{"class":74},[60,18476,3819],{"class":734},[60,18478,11412],{"class":74},[60,18480,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,18482,11396],{"class":78},[60,18484,18415],{"class":82},[60,18486,79],{"class":78},[60,18488,258],{"class":74},[60,18490,6333],{"class":734},[60,18492,18493],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,18494,108],{"class":74},[60,18496,18497,18499,18501,18503],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,18498,140],{"class":139},[60,18500,124],{"class":74},[60,18502,13776],{"class":120},[60,18504,133],{"class":74},[20,18506,18507],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[337,18509,18511],{"id":18510},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[51,18513,18515],{"className":53,"code":18514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18516,18517,18549,18573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18518,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18520,17133],{"class":66},[60,18522,71],{"class":70},[60,18524,1512],{"class":74},[60,18526,79],{"class":78},[60,18528,30],{"class":82},[60,18530,79],{"class":78},[60,18532,88],{"class":74},[60,18534,91],{"class":78},[60,18536,1428],{"class":82},[60,18538,79],{"class":78},[60,18540,88],{"class":74},[60,18542,91],{"class":78},[60,18544,1437],{"class":82},[60,18546,79],{"class":78},[60,18548,1525],{"class":74},[60,18550,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18552,1613],{"class":66},[60,18554,71],{"class":70},[60,18556,75],{"class":74},[60,18558,14732],{"class":66},[60,18560,258],{"class":74},[60,18562,18094],{"class":74},[60,18564,3790],{"class":1153},[60,18566,18099],{"class":66},[60,18568,1703],{"class":1153},[60,18570,18104],{"class":66},[60,18572,108],{"class":74},[60,18574,18575,18577,18579,18581],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18576,140],{"class":139},[60,18578,124],{"class":74},[60,18580,1634],{"class":120},[60,18582,133],{"class":74},[20,18584,18585],{},"Use:",[260,18587,18588,18593,18596],{},[263,18589,18590,18592],{},[15,18591,17109],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[263,18594,18595],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[263,18597,18598],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18600,18601,18602,117],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[30,18603,10641,18604,1818],{"href":13924},[15,18605,14845],{},[46,18607,1245],{"id":1244},[20,18609,14624,18610,117],{},[15,18611,17114],{},[337,18613,18615],{"id":18614},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[51,18617,18619],{"className":53,"code":18618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18620,18621,18654,18677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18622,18623,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18624,18625],{"class":66},"d ",[60,18627,71],{"class":70},[60,18629,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18631,117],{"class":74},[60,18633,17174],{"class":120},[60,18635,1641],{"class":74},[60,18637,79],{"class":78},[60,18639,30],{"class":82},[60,18641,79],{"class":78},[60,18643,88],{"class":74},[60,18645,91],{"class":78},[60,18647,1428],{"class":82},[60,18649,79],{"class":78},[60,18651,17952],{"class":74},[60,18653,17886],{"class":74},[60,18655,18656,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18657,18658],{"class":66},"d",[60,18660,3812],{"class":74},[60,18662,79],{"class":78},[60,18664,30],{"class":82},[60,18666,79],{"class":78},[60,18668,13441],{"class":74},[60,18670,13444],{"class":120},[60,18672,124],{"class":74},[60,18674,358],{"class":357},[60,18676,133],{"class":74},[60,18678,18679,18681,18683,18685],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18680,140],{"class":139},[60,18682,124],{"class":74},[60,18684,18658],{"class":120},[60,18686,133],{"class":74},[20,18688,404],{},[51,18690,18692],{"className":53,"code":18691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18693,18694],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18695,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18697,202],{"class":74},[60,18699,205],{"class":78},[60,18701,30],{"class":82},[60,18703,205],{"class":78},[60,18705,258],{"class":74},[60,18707,1512],{"class":74},[60,18709,358],{"class":357},[60,18711,17952],{"class":74},[60,18713,214],{"class":78},[60,18715,1428],{"class":82},[60,18717,205],{"class":78},[60,18719,258],{"class":74},[60,18721,1512],{"class":74},[60,18723,358],{"class":357},[60,18725,13597],{"class":74},[20,18727,18728],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18730,1334],{},[51,18732,18734],{"className":53,"code":18733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18735,18736,18760,18784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18737,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18739,17133],{"class":66},[60,18741,71],{"class":70},[60,18743,1512],{"class":74},[60,18745,79],{"class":78},[60,18747,30],{"class":82},[60,18749,79],{"class":78},[60,18751,88],{"class":74},[60,18753,91],{"class":78},[60,18755,1428],{"class":82},[60,18757,79],{"class":78},[60,18759,1525],{"class":74},[60,18761,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18763,18625],{"class":66},[60,18765,71],{"class":70},[60,18767,75],{"class":74},[60,18769,14732],{"class":66},[60,18771,258],{"class":74},[60,18773,18094],{"class":74},[60,18775,3790],{"class":1153},[60,18777,18099],{"class":66},[60,18779,1703],{"class":1153},[60,18781,18104],{"class":66},[60,18783,108],{"class":74},[60,18785,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18787,140],{"class":139},[60,18789,124],{"class":74},[60,18791,18658],{"class":120},[60,18793,133],{"class":74},[337,18795,18797,18798,18800],{"id":18796},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18799,17109],{}," on a list",[20,18802,18803],{},"Wrong idea:",[51,18805,18807],{"className":53,"code":18806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18808,18809,18841],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18810,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18812,17133],{"class":66},[60,18814,71],{"class":70},[60,18816,1512],{"class":74},[60,18818,79],{"class":78},[60,18820,30],{"class":82},[60,18822,79],{"class":78},[60,18824,88],{"class":74},[60,18826,91],{"class":78},[60,18828,1428],{"class":82},[60,18830,79],{"class":78},[60,18832,88],{"class":74},[60,18834,91],{"class":78},[60,18836,1437],{"class":82},[60,18838,79],{"class":78},[60,18840,1525],{"class":74},[60,18842,18843],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18844,18845],{"class":177},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18847,18848,18850,18851,18853,18854,117],{},[15,18849,17109],{}," belongs to ",[15,18852,8733],{},", not ",[15,18855,8006],{},[20,18857,18858],{},"Correct usage:",[51,18860,18862],{"className":53,"code":18861,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18863,18864,18896,18918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18865,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18867,17133],{"class":66},[60,18869,71],{"class":70},[60,18871,1512],{"class":74},[60,18873,79],{"class":78},[60,18875,30],{"class":82},[60,18877,79],{"class":78},[60,18879,88],{"class":74},[60,18881,91],{"class":78},[60,18883,1428],{"class":82},[60,18885,79],{"class":78},[60,18887,88],{"class":74},[60,18889,91],{"class":78},[60,18891,1437],{"class":82},[60,18893,79],{"class":78},[60,18895,1525],{"class":74},[60,18897,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18899,18625],{"class":66},[60,18901,71],{"class":70},[60,18903,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18905,117],{"class":74},[60,18907,17174],{"class":120},[60,18909,124],{"class":74},[60,18911,16814],{"class":120},[60,18913,88],{"class":74},[60,18915,3747],{"class":357},[60,18917,133],{"class":74},[60,18919,18920,18922,18924,18926],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,18921,140],{"class":139},[60,18923,124],{"class":74},[60,18925,18658],{"class":120},[60,18927,133],{"class":74},[337,18929,1254,18931,18933],{"id":18930},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18932,17109],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18935,18936,18938],{},[15,18937,17114],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[51,18940,18942],{"className":53,"code":18941,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18943,18944,18964,18998,19002,19012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18945,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18947,11980],{"class":66},[60,18949,71],{"class":70},[60,18951,75],{"class":74},[60,18953,79],{"class":78},[60,18955,2093],{"class":82},[60,18957,79],{"class":78},[60,18959,258],{"class":74},[60,18961,5408],{"class":357},[60,18963,108],{"class":74},[60,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18967,12932],{"class":66},[60,18969,71],{"class":70},[60,18971,9079],{"class":1683},[60,18973,117],{"class":74},[60,18975,17174],{"class":120},[60,18977,1641],{"class":74},[60,18979,79],{"class":78},[60,18981,30],{"class":82},[60,18983,79],{"class":78},[60,18985,88],{"class":74},[60,18987,91],{"class":78},[60,18989,1428],{"class":82},[60,18991,79],{"class":78},[60,18993,17952],{"class":74},[60,18995,3747],{"class":357},[60,18997,133],{"class":74},[60,18999,19000],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,19001,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,19003,19004,19006,19008,19010],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,19005,140],{"class":139},[60,19007,124],{"class":74},[60,19009,12027],{"class":120},[60,19011,133],{"class":74},[60,19013,19014,19016,19018,19021],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,19015,140],{"class":139},[60,19017,124],{"class":74},[60,19019,19020],{"class":120},"new_dict",[60,19022,133],{"class":74},[20,19024,404],{},[51,19026,19028],{"className":53,"code":19027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19029,19030,19046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19031,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19033,202],{"class":74},[60,19035,205],{"class":78},[60,19037,2093],{"class":82},[60,19039,205],{"class":78},[60,19041,258],{"class":74},[60,19043,5408],{"class":357},[60,19045,108],{"class":74},[60,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19049,202],{"class":74},[60,19051,205],{"class":78},[60,19053,30],{"class":82},[60,19055,205],{"class":78},[60,19057,258],{"class":74},[60,19059,3747],{"class":357},[60,19061,88],{"class":74},[60,19063,214],{"class":78},[60,19065,1428],{"class":82},[60,19067,205],{"class":78},[60,19069,258],{"class":74},[60,19071,3747],{"class":357},[60,19073,108],{"class":74},[20,19075,19076,19077,117],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[30,19078,10641,19079,1818],{"href":13924},[15,19080,14845],{},[337,19082,19084,19085],{"id":19083},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19086,277],{},[51,19088,19090],{"className":53,"code":19089,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19091,19092,19122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19093,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19095,18625],{"class":66},[60,19097,71],{"class":70},[60,19099,9079],{"class":1683},[60,19101,117],{"class":74},[60,19103,17174],{"class":120},[60,19105,1641],{"class":74},[60,19107,79],{"class":78},[60,19109,2093],{"class":82},[60,19111,79],{"class":78},[60,19113,88],{"class":74},[60,19115,91],{"class":78},[60,19117,11640],{"class":82},[60,19119,79],{"class":78},[60,19121,1646],{"class":74},[60,19123,19124,19126,19128,19130],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19125,140],{"class":139},[60,19127,124],{"class":74},[60,19129,18658],{"class":120},[60,19131,133],{"class":74},[20,19133,404],{},[51,19135,19137],{"className":53,"code":19136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19138,19139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19142,202],{"class":74},[60,19144,205],{"class":78},[60,19146,2093],{"class":82},[60,19148,205],{"class":78},[60,19150,258],{"class":74},[60,19152,3766],{"class":734},[60,19154,88],{"class":74},[60,19156,214],{"class":78},[60,19158,11640],{"class":82},[60,19160,205],{"class":78},[60,19162,258],{"class":74},[60,19164,3766],{"class":734},[60,19166,108],{"class":74},[20,19168,19169,19170,117],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19171,277],{},[46,19173,19175],{"id":19174},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19177,19178,19179,19181],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19180,17109],{}," works.",[51,19183,19185],{"className":53,"code":19184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19186,19187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19188,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19190,140],{"class":139},[60,19192,124],{"class":74},[60,19194,8733],{"class":1683},[60,19196,117],{"class":74},[60,19198,17174],{"class":120},[60,19200,1641],{"class":74},[60,19202,79],{"class":78},[60,19204,30],{"class":82},[60,19206,79],{"class":78},[60,19208,88],{"class":74},[60,19210,91],{"class":78},[60,19212,1428],{"class":82},[60,19214,79],{"class":78},[60,19216,17952],{"class":74},[60,19218,3747],{"class":357},[60,19220,1691],{"class":74},[51,19222,19223],{"className":53,"code":19089,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,19224,19225,19255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19226,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19228,18625],{"class":66},[60,19230,71],{"class":70},[60,19232,9079],{"class":1683},[60,19234,117],{"class":74},[60,19236,17174],{"class":120},[60,19238,1641],{"class":74},[60,19240,79],{"class":78},[60,19242,2093],{"class":82},[60,19244,79],{"class":78},[60,19246,88],{"class":74},[60,19248,91],{"class":78},[60,19250,11640],{"class":82},[60,19252,79],{"class":78},[60,19254,1646],{"class":74},[60,19256,19257,19259,19261,19263],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19258,140],{"class":139},[60,19260,124],{"class":74},[60,19262,18658],{"class":120},[60,19264,133],{"class":74},[51,19266,19267],{"className":53,"code":18618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,19268,19269,19301,19323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19270,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19272,18625],{"class":66},[60,19274,71],{"class":70},[60,19276,9079],{"class":1683},[60,19278,117],{"class":74},[60,19280,17174],{"class":120},[60,19282,1641],{"class":74},[60,19284,79],{"class":78},[60,19286,30],{"class":82},[60,19288,79],{"class":78},[60,19290,88],{"class":74},[60,19292,91],{"class":78},[60,19294,1428],{"class":82},[60,19296,79],{"class":78},[60,19298,17952],{"class":74},[60,19300,17886],{"class":74},[60,19302,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19304,18658],{"class":66},[60,19306,3812],{"class":74},[60,19308,79],{"class":78},[60,19310,30],{"class":82},[60,19312,79],{"class":78},[60,19314,13441],{"class":74},[60,19316,13444],{"class":120},[60,19318,124],{"class":74},[60,19320,358],{"class":357},[60,19322,133],{"class":74},[60,19324,19325,19327,19329,19331],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,19326,140],{"class":139},[60,19328,124],{"class":74},[60,19330,18658],{"class":120},[60,19332,133],{"class":74},[51,19334,19336],{"className":53,"code":19335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19337,19338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19339,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19341,140],{"class":139},[60,19343,124],{"class":74},[60,19345,1684],{"class":1683},[60,19347,124],{"class":74},[60,19349,8733],{"class":1683},[60,19351,117],{"class":74},[60,19353,17174],{"class":120},[60,19355,1641],{"class":74},[60,19357,358],{"class":357},[60,19359,88],{"class":74},[60,19361,363],{"class":357},[60,19363,88],{"class":74},[60,19365,368],{"class":357},[60,19367,17952],{"class":74},[60,19369,91],{"class":78},[60,19371,315],{"class":82},[60,19373,79],{"class":78},[60,19375,2827],{"class":74},[46,19377,1746],{"id":1745},[337,19379,12599,19381,19383],{"id":19380},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19382,17109],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19385,19386],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[337,19388,19390],{"id":19389},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19392,19393,19394,117],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19395,277],{},[337,19397,19399],{"id":19398},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19401,19402],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[337,19404,19406],{"id":19405},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19408,18042],{},[51,19410,19412],{"className":53,"code":19411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19413,19414,19446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19415,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19417,17133],{"class":66},[60,19419,71],{"class":70},[60,19421,1512],{"class":74},[60,19423,79],{"class":78},[60,19425,30],{"class":82},[60,19427,79],{"class":78},[60,19429,88],{"class":74},[60,19431,91],{"class":78},[60,19433,1428],{"class":82},[60,19435,79],{"class":78},[60,19437,88],{"class":74},[60,19439,91],{"class":78},[60,19441,1437],{"class":82},[60,19443,79],{"class":78},[60,19445,1525],{"class":74},[60,19447,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19449,1613],{"class":66},[60,19451,71],{"class":70},[60,19453,75],{"class":74},[60,19455,14732],{"class":66},[60,19457,258],{"class":74},[60,19459,18094],{"class":74},[60,19461,3790],{"class":1153},[60,19463,18099],{"class":66},[60,19465,1703],{"class":1153},[60,19467,18104],{"class":66},[60,19469,108],{"class":74},[46,19471,1808],{"id":1807},[260,19473,19474,19478,19482,19486,19492],{},[263,19475,19476],{},[30,19477,11144],{"href":12920},[263,19479,19480],{},[30,19481,9065],{"href":12917},[263,19483,19484],{},[30,19485,11153],{"href":17793},[263,19487,19488],{},[30,19489,10641,19490,1818],{"href":13924},[15,19491,14845],{},[263,19493,19494],{},[30,19495,10641,19496,1818],{"href":14890},[15,19497,12670],{},[20,19499,243,19500,19502],{},[15,19501,17114],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1841,19504,19505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":19507},[19508,19509,19511,19515,19516,19518,19523,19525,19532,19541,19542,19549],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":17214,"depth":111,"text":19510},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17258,"depth":111,"text":17259,"children":19512},[19513,19514],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":17309,"depth":136,"text":17310},{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":17468,"depth":111,"text":19517},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17797,"depth":111,"text":17798,"children":19519},[19520,19521,19522],{"id":17827,"depth":136,"text":17828},{"id":17990,"depth":136,"text":17991},{"id":18038,"depth":136,"text":18039},{"id":18202,"depth":111,"text":19524},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18360,"depth":111,"text":19526,"children":19527},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19528,19530,19531],{"id":18371,"depth":136,"text":19529},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18436,"depth":136,"text":18437},{"id":18510,"depth":136,"text":18511},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":19533},[19534,19535,19537,19539],{"id":18614,"depth":136,"text":18615},{"id":18796,"depth":136,"text":19536},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18930,"depth":136,"text":19538},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19083,"depth":136,"text":19540},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19174,"depth":111,"text":19175},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":19543},[19544,19546,19547,19548],{"id":19380,"depth":136,"text":19545},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19389,"depth":136,"text":19390},{"id":19398,"depth":136,"text":19399},{"id":19405,"depth":136,"text":19406},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17101,"description":19550},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19557,"title":19558,"body":19559,"description":21387,"extension":1883,"meta":21388,"navigation":152,"path":21389,"seo":21390,"stem":21391,"__hash__":21392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19560,"toc":21354},[19561,19566,19572,19582,19712,19719,19724,19728,19744,19746,19844,19847,19864,19868,19870,19875,19913,19916,19934,19936,20054,20059,20063,20079,20082,20218,20221,20226,20232,20235,20272,20275,20279,20284,20360,20364,20369,20451,20453,20469,20474,20478,20484,20553,20556,20573,20576,20658,20664,20667,20687,20691,20696,20702,20708,20779,20782,20788,20791,20865,20872,20878,20886,20896,20898,20993,20999,21004,21090,21096,21098,21103,21125,21128,21223,21226,21257,21270,21272,21280,21286,21292,21295,21301,21306,21313,21318,21320,21351],[10,19562,11219,19564,18],{"id":19563},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19565,10644],{},[20,19567,19568,19569,19571],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19570,10644],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19573,19574,19575,36,19577,641,19579,19581],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19576,453],{},[15,19578,10644],{},[15,19580,277],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[51,19583,19585],{"className":53,"code":19584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19586,19587,19623,19627,19653,19678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19588,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19590,13095],{"class":66},[60,19592,71],{"class":70},[60,19594,75],{"class":74},[60,19596,79],{"class":78},[60,19598,7580],{"class":82},[60,19600,79],{"class":78},[60,19602,258],{"class":74},[60,19604,91],{"class":78},[60,19606,12774],{"class":82},[60,19608,79],{"class":78},[60,19610,88],{"class":74},[60,19612,91],{"class":78},[60,19614,9206],{"class":82},[60,19616,79],{"class":78},[60,19618,258],{"class":74},[60,19620,9213],{"class":357},[60,19622,108],{"class":74},[60,19624,19625],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19626,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,19630,140],{"class":139},[60,19632,124],{"class":74},[60,19634,17198],{"class":120},[60,19636,117],{"class":74},[60,19638,19639],{"class":120},"get",[60,19641,124],{"class":74},[60,19643,79],{"class":78},[60,19645,7580],{"class":82},[60,19647,79],{"class":78},[60,19649,5271],{"class":74},[60,19651,19652],{"class":177},"           # Ana\n",[60,19654,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,19656,140],{"class":139},[60,19658,124],{"class":74},[60,19660,17198],{"class":120},[60,19662,117],{"class":74},[60,19664,19639],{"class":120},[60,19666,124],{"class":74},[60,19668,79],{"class":78},[60,19670,10315],{"class":82},[60,19672,79],{"class":78},[60,19674,5271],{"class":74},[60,19676,19677],{"class":177},"           # None\n",[60,19679,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19705,19707,19709],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,19681,140],{"class":139},[60,19683,124],{"class":74},[60,19685,17198],{"class":120},[60,19687,117],{"class":74},[60,19689,19639],{"class":120},[60,19691,124],{"class":74},[60,19693,79],{"class":78},[60,19695,10315],{"class":82},[60,19697,79],{"class":78},[60,19699,88],{"class":74},[60,19701,91],{"class":78},[60,19703,19704],{"class":82},"N\u002FA",[60,19706,79],{"class":78},[60,19708,5271],{"class":74},[60,19710,19711],{"class":177},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19713,243,19714,19716,19717,117],{},[15,19715,10644],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19718,453],{},[46,19720,250,19722,253],{"id":19721},"what-get-does",[15,19723,10644],{},[20,19725,1900,19726,11313],{},[15,19727,10644],{},[260,19729,19730,19733,19738,19741],{},[263,19731,19732],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[263,19734,274,19735,19737],{},[15,19736,277],{}," if the key does not exist",[263,19739,19740],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[263,19742,19743],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19745,2127],{},[51,19747,19749],{"className":53,"code":19748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19750,19751,19790,19794,19819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19752,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19772,19774,19776,19778,19781,19783,19785,19788],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19754,12757],{"class":66},[60,19756,71],{"class":70},[60,19758,75],{"class":74},[60,19760,79],{"class":78},[60,19762,7580],{"class":82},[60,19764,79],{"class":78},[60,19766,258],{"class":74},[60,19768,91],{"class":78},[60,19770,19771],{"class":82},"Lina",[60,19773,79],{"class":78},[60,19775,88],{"class":74},[60,19777,91],{"class":78},[60,19779,19780],{"class":82},"grade",[60,19782,79],{"class":78},[60,19784,258],{"class":74},[60,19786,19787],{"class":357}," 90",[60,19789,108],{"class":74},[60,19791,19792],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19793,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,19795,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,19797,140],{"class":139},[60,19799,124],{"class":74},[60,19801,13517],{"class":120},[60,19803,117],{"class":74},[60,19805,19639],{"class":120},[60,19807,124],{"class":74},[60,19809,79],{"class":78},[60,19811,7580],{"class":82},[60,19813,79],{"class":78},[60,19815,5271],{"class":74},[60,19817,19818],{"class":177},"     # Lina\n",[60,19820,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,19822,140],{"class":139},[60,19824,124],{"class":74},[60,19826,13517],{"class":120},[60,19828,117],{"class":74},[60,19830,19639],{"class":120},[60,19832,124],{"class":74},[60,19834,79],{"class":78},[60,19836,15150],{"class":82},[60,19838,79],{"class":78},[60,19840,5271],{"class":74},[60,19842,19843],{"class":177},"    # None\n",[20,19845,19846],{},"In this example:",[260,19848,19849,19854],{},[263,19850,19851,19853],{},[15,19852,15131],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[263,19855,19856,19859,19860,641,19862],{},[15,19857,19858],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19861,10644],{},[15,19863,277],{},[20,19865,12914,19866,117],{},[30,19867,9065],{"href":9064},[46,19869,296],{"id":295},[20,19871,19872,19873,258],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19874,10644],{},[51,19876,19878],{"className":53,"code":19877,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19879,19880,19894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19881,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19883,15496],{"class":66},[60,19885,117],{"class":74},[60,19887,19639],{"class":120},[60,19889,124],{"class":74},[60,19891,14732],{"class":120},[60,19893,133],{"class":74},[60,19895,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19911],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19897,15496],{"class":66},[60,19899,117],{"class":74},[60,19901,19639],{"class":120},[60,19903,124],{"class":74},[60,19905,14732],{"class":120},[60,19907,88],{"class":74},[60,19909,19910],{"class":120}," default_value",[60,19912,133],{"class":74},[20,19914,19915],{},"What each part means:",[260,19917,19918,19923,19929],{},[263,19919,19920,19922],{},[15,19921,14732],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[263,19924,19925,19928],{},[15,19926,19927],{},"default_value"," is optional",[263,19930,19931,19932],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19933,277],{},[20,19935,2127],{},[51,19937,19939],{"className":53,"code":19938,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19940,19941,19965,19969,19994,20020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19942,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19944,13717],{"class":66},[60,19946,71],{"class":70},[60,19948,75],{"class":74},[60,19950,79],{"class":78},[60,19952,12389],{"class":82},[60,19954,79],{"class":78},[60,19956,258],{"class":74},[60,19958,91],{"class":78},[60,19960,12398],{"class":82},[60,19962,79],{"class":78},[60,19964,108],{"class":74},[60,19966,19967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19968,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,19970,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,19972,140],{"class":139},[60,19974,124],{"class":74},[60,19976,13776],{"class":120},[60,19978,117],{"class":74},[60,19980,19639],{"class":120},[60,19982,124],{"class":74},[60,19984,79],{"class":78},[60,19986,12389],{"class":82},[60,19988,79],{"class":78},[60,19990,5271],{"class":74},[60,19992,19993],{"class":177},"            # dark\n",[60,19995,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20013,20015,20017],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,19997,140],{"class":139},[60,19999,124],{"class":74},[60,20001,13776],{"class":120},[60,20003,117],{"class":74},[60,20005,19639],{"class":120},[60,20007,124],{"class":74},[60,20009,79],{"class":78},[60,20011,20012],{"class":82},"language",[60,20014,79],{"class":78},[60,20016,5271],{"class":74},[60,20018,20019],{"class":177},"         # None\n",[60,20021,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20047,20049,20051],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,20023,140],{"class":139},[60,20025,124],{"class":74},[60,20027,13776],{"class":120},[60,20029,117],{"class":74},[60,20031,19639],{"class":120},[60,20033,124],{"class":74},[60,20035,79],{"class":78},[60,20037,20012],{"class":82},[60,20039,79],{"class":78},[60,20041,88],{"class":74},[60,20043,91],{"class":78},[60,20045,20046],{"class":82},"en",[60,20048,79],{"class":78},[60,20050,5271],{"class":74},[60,20052,20053],{"class":177},"   # en\n",[46,20055,1220,20057],{"id":20056},"when-to-use-get",[15,20058,10644],{},[20,20060,243,20061,1227],{},[15,20062,10644],{},[260,20064,20065,20068,20073,20076],{},[263,20066,20067],{},"A key might not exist",[263,20069,20070,20071],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20072,453],{},[263,20074,20075],{},"You are reading optional data",[263,20077,20078],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20080,20081],{},"Example with optional user data:",[51,20083,20085],{"className":53,"code":20084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20086,20087,20129,20133,20158,20184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20088,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20125,20127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20090,11386],{"class":66},[60,20092,71],{"class":70},[60,20094,75],{"class":74},[60,20096,79],{"class":78},[60,20098,7897],{"class":82},[60,20100,79],{"class":78},[60,20102,258],{"class":74},[60,20104,91],{"class":78},[60,20106,20107],{"class":82},"sam",[60,20109,79],{"class":78},[60,20111,88],{"class":74},[60,20113,91],{"class":78},[60,20115,15150],{"class":82},[60,20117,79],{"class":78},[60,20119,258],{"class":74},[60,20121,91],{"class":78},[60,20123,20124],{"class":82},"sam@example.com",[60,20126,79],{"class":78},[60,20128,108],{"class":74},[60,20130,20131],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20132,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20134,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20136,140],{"class":139},[60,20138,124],{"class":74},[60,20140,11479],{"class":120},[60,20142,117],{"class":74},[60,20144,19639],{"class":120},[60,20146,124],{"class":74},[60,20148,79],{"class":78},[60,20150,7897],{"class":82},[60,20152,79],{"class":78},[60,20154,5271],{"class":74},[60,20156,20157],{"class":177},"              # sam\n",[60,20159,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20177,20179,20181],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20161,140],{"class":139},[60,20163,124],{"class":74},[60,20165,11479],{"class":120},[60,20167,117],{"class":74},[60,20169,19639],{"class":120},[60,20171,124],{"class":74},[60,20173,79],{"class":78},[60,20175,20176],{"class":82},"phone",[60,20178,79],{"class":78},[60,20180,5271],{"class":74},[60,20182,20183],{"class":177},"                 # None\n",[60,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20211,20213,20215],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,20187,140],{"class":139},[60,20189,124],{"class":74},[60,20191,11479],{"class":120},[60,20193,117],{"class":74},[60,20195,19639],{"class":120},[60,20197,124],{"class":74},[60,20199,79],{"class":78},[60,20201,20176],{"class":82},[60,20203,79],{"class":78},[60,20205,88],{"class":74},[60,20207,91],{"class":78},[60,20209,20210],{"class":82},"Not provided",[60,20212,79],{"class":78},[60,20214,5271],{"class":74},[60,20216,20217],{"class":177}," # Not provided\n",[20,20219,20220],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20222,20223,20224,117],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[30,20225,16489],{"href":16488},[46,20227,20229,20231],{"id":20228},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20230,10644],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20233,20234],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[51,20236,20238],{"className":53,"code":20237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20239,20240,20254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20241,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20243,1634],{"class":66},[60,20245,3812],{"class":74},[60,20247,79],{"class":78},[60,20249,14732],{"class":82},[60,20251,79],{"class":78},[60,20253,1525],{"class":74},[60,20255,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20257,1634],{"class":66},[60,20259,117],{"class":74},[60,20261,19639],{"class":120},[60,20263,124],{"class":74},[60,20265,79],{"class":78},[60,20267,14732],{"class":82},[60,20269,79],{"class":78},[60,20271,133],{"class":74},[20,20273,20274],{},"The difference is important.",[337,20276,20278],{"id":20277},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20280,20281,20282,117],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20283,453],{},[51,20285,20287],{"className":53,"code":20286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20288,20289,20313,20317,20339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20290,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20292,1613],{"class":66},[60,20294,71],{"class":70},[60,20296,75],{"class":74},[60,20298,79],{"class":78},[60,20300,7580],{"class":82},[60,20302,79],{"class":78},[60,20304,258],{"class":74},[60,20306,91],{"class":78},[60,20308,12774],{"class":82},[60,20310,79],{"class":78},[60,20312,108],{"class":74},[60,20314,20315],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20316,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20318,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20336],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20320,140],{"class":139},[60,20322,124],{"class":74},[60,20324,1634],{"class":120},[60,20326,3812],{"class":74},[60,20328,79],{"class":78},[60,20330,7580],{"class":82},[60,20332,79],{"class":78},[60,20334,20335],{"class":74},"])",[60,20337,20338],{"class":177},"   # Ana\n",[60,20340,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20342,140],{"class":139},[60,20344,124],{"class":74},[60,20346,1634],{"class":120},[60,20348,3812],{"class":74},[60,20350,79],{"class":78},[60,20352,10315],{"class":82},[60,20354,79],{"class":78},[60,20356,20335],{"class":74},[60,20358,20359],{"class":177},"   # KeyError\n",[337,20361,20362],{"id":19639},[15,20363,10644],{},[20,20365,20366,20368],{},[15,20367,10644],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[51,20370,20372],{"className":53,"code":20371,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20373,20374,20398,20402,20426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20375,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20377,1613],{"class":66},[60,20379,71],{"class":70},[60,20381,75],{"class":74},[60,20383,79],{"class":78},[60,20385,7580],{"class":82},[60,20387,79],{"class":78},[60,20389,258],{"class":74},[60,20391,91],{"class":78},[60,20393,12774],{"class":82},[60,20395,79],{"class":78},[60,20397,108],{"class":74},[60,20399,20400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20401,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20403,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20405,140],{"class":139},[60,20407,124],{"class":74},[60,20409,1634],{"class":120},[60,20411,117],{"class":74},[60,20413,19639],{"class":120},[60,20415,124],{"class":74},[60,20417,79],{"class":78},[60,20419,7580],{"class":82},[60,20421,79],{"class":78},[60,20423,5271],{"class":74},[60,20425,20338],{"class":177},[60,20427,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20429,140],{"class":139},[60,20431,124],{"class":74},[60,20433,1634],{"class":120},[60,20435,117],{"class":74},[60,20437,19639],{"class":120},[60,20439,124],{"class":74},[60,20441,79],{"class":78},[60,20443,10315],{"class":82},[60,20445,79],{"class":78},[60,20447,5271],{"class":74},[60,20449,20450],{"class":177},"   # None\n",[20,20452,18585],{},[260,20454,20455,20461],{},[263,20456,20457,20458],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[41,20459,20460],{},"must exist",[263,20462,20463,20465,20466],{},[15,20464,10644],{}," when the key is ",[41,20467,20468],{},"optional",[20,20470,20471,20472,117],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[30,20473,1839],{"href":630},[46,20475,20477],{"id":20476},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20479,20480,20481,20483],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20482,10644],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[51,20485,20487],{"className":53,"code":20486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20488,20489,20514,20518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20490,20491,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20492,20493],{"class":66},"profile ",[60,20495,71],{"class":70},[60,20497,75],{"class":74},[60,20499,79],{"class":78},[60,20501,7580],{"class":82},[60,20503,79],{"class":78},[60,20505,258],{"class":74},[60,20507,91],{"class":78},[60,20509,7833],{"class":82},[60,20511,79],{"class":78},[60,20513,108],{"class":74},[60,20515,20516],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20517,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20519,20520,20522,20524,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20546,20548,20550],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20521,140],{"class":139},[60,20523,124],{"class":74},[60,20525,20526],{"class":120},"profile",[60,20528,117],{"class":74},[60,20530,19639],{"class":120},[60,20532,124],{"class":74},[60,20534,79],{"class":78},[60,20536,15153],{"class":82},[60,20538,79],{"class":78},[60,20540,88],{"class":74},[60,20542,91],{"class":78},[60,20544,20545],{"class":82},"Unknown",[60,20547,79],{"class":78},[60,20549,5271],{"class":74},[60,20551,20552],{"class":177},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20554,20555],{},"This is useful for display text:",[260,20557,20558,20563,20568],{},[263,20559,20560],{},[15,20561,20562],{},"\"Unknown\"",[263,20564,20565],{},[15,20566,20567],{},"\"Not set\"",[263,20569,20570],{},[15,20571,20572],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20574,20575],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[51,20577,20579],{"className":53,"code":20578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20580,20581,20613,20617,20644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20582,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20584,4974],{"class":66},[60,20586,71],{"class":70},[60,20588,75],{"class":74},[60,20590,79],{"class":78},[60,20592,18307],{"class":82},[60,20594,79],{"class":78},[60,20596,258],{"class":74},[60,20598,5916],{"class":357},[60,20600,88],{"class":74},[60,20602,91],{"class":78},[60,20604,18316],{"class":82},[60,20606,79],{"class":78},[60,20608,258],{"class":74},[60,20610,6271],{"class":357},[60,20612,108],{"class":74},[60,20614,20615],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20616,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20618,20619,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20620,20621],{"class":66},"total_history ",[60,20623,71],{"class":70},[60,20625,5021],{"class":66},[60,20627,117],{"class":74},[60,20629,19639],{"class":120},[60,20631,124],{"class":74},[60,20633,79],{"class":78},[60,20635,18325],{"class":82},[60,20637,79],{"class":78},[60,20639,88],{"class":74},[60,20641,3747],{"class":357},[60,20643,133],{"class":74},[60,20645,20646,20648,20650,20653,20655],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20647,140],{"class":139},[60,20649,124],{"class":74},[60,20651,20652],{"class":120},"total_history",[60,20654,174],{"class":74},[60,20656,20657],{"class":177},"   # 0\n",[20,20659,20660,20661,20663],{},"Here, ",[15,20662,2039],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20665,20666],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[260,20668,20669,20672,20677,20682],{},[263,20670,20671],{},"Use a string for text",[263,20673,243,20674,20676],{},[15,20675,2039],{}," for numbers",[263,20678,243,20679,20681],{},[15,20680,3700],{}," for lists if needed",[263,20683,243,20684,20686],{},[15,20685,3705],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[46,20688,20690],{"id":20689},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20692,20693,20694,117],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20695,10644],{},[337,20697,20699,20701],{"id":20698},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20700,10644],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20703,20704,20705,20707],{},"This code does ",[41,20706,43],{}," create a new key:",[51,20709,20711],{"className":53,"code":20710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20712,20713,20737,20741,20766],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20714,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20716,13095],{"class":66},[60,20718,71],{"class":70},[60,20720,75],{"class":74},[60,20722,79],{"class":78},[60,20724,7580],{"class":82},[60,20726,79],{"class":78},[60,20728,258],{"class":74},[60,20730,91],{"class":78},[60,20732,12774],{"class":82},[60,20734,79],{"class":78},[60,20736,108],{"class":74},[60,20738,20739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20740,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20742,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20744,140],{"class":139},[60,20746,124],{"class":74},[60,20748,17198],{"class":120},[60,20750,117],{"class":74},[60,20752,19639],{"class":120},[60,20754,124],{"class":74},[60,20756,79],{"class":78},[60,20758,10315],{"class":82},[60,20760,79],{"class":78},[60,20762,5271],{"class":74},[60,20764,20765],{"class":177},"  # None\n",[60,20767,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20769,140],{"class":139},[60,20771,124],{"class":74},[60,20773,17198],{"class":120},[60,20775,174],{"class":74},[60,20777,20778],{"class":177},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20780,20781],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[337,20783,20785,20787],{"id":20784},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20786,10644],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20789,20790],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[51,20792,20794],{"className":53,"code":20793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20795,20796,20822,20826,20852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20797,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20809,20811,20813,20815,20818,20820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20799,13717],{"class":66},[60,20801,71],{"class":70},[60,20803,75],{"class":74},[60,20805,79],{"class":78},[60,20807,20808],{"class":82},"mode",[60,20810,79],{"class":78},[60,20812,258],{"class":74},[60,20814,91],{"class":78},[60,20816,20817],{"class":82},"light",[60,20819,79],{"class":78},[60,20821,108],{"class":74},[60,20823,20824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20825,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20827,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20829,13776],{"class":66},[60,20831,117],{"class":74},[60,20833,19639],{"class":120},[60,20835,124],{"class":74},[60,20837,79],{"class":78},[60,20839,12389],{"class":82},[60,20841,79],{"class":78},[60,20843,88],{"class":74},[60,20845,91],{"class":78},[60,20847,12398],{"class":82},[60,20849,79],{"class":78},[60,20851,133],{"class":74},[60,20853,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20855,140],{"class":139},[60,20857,124],{"class":74},[60,20859,13776],{"class":120},[60,20861,174],{"class":74},[60,20863,20864],{"class":177},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20866,20867,20868,20871],{},"Even though ",[15,20869,20870],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[337,20873,20875,20876],{"id":20874},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20877,277],{},[20,20879,20880,20881,641,20883,20885],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20882,10644],{},[15,20884,277],{}," because:",[260,20887,20888,20891],{},[263,20889,20890],{},"The key is missing, or",[263,20892,20893,20894],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20895,277],{},[20,20897,2127],{},[51,20899,20901],{"className":53,"code":20900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20902,20903,20940,20944,20968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20904,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20932,20934,20936,20938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20906,1613],{"class":66},[60,20908,71],{"class":70},[60,20910,75],{"class":74},[60,20912,79],{"class":78},[60,20914,7580],{"class":82},[60,20916,79],{"class":78},[60,20918,258],{"class":74},[60,20920,91],{"class":78},[60,20922,12774],{"class":82},[60,20924,79],{"class":78},[60,20926,88],{"class":74},[60,20928,91],{"class":78},[60,20930,20931],{"class":82},"nickname",[60,20933,79],{"class":78},[60,20935,258],{"class":74},[60,20937,3766],{"class":734},[60,20939,108],{"class":74},[60,20941,20942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20943,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,20945,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,20947,140],{"class":139},[60,20949,124],{"class":74},[60,20951,1634],{"class":120},[60,20953,117],{"class":74},[60,20955,19639],{"class":120},[60,20957,124],{"class":74},[60,20959,79],{"class":78},[60,20961,20931],{"class":82},[60,20963,79],{"class":78},[60,20965,5271],{"class":74},[60,20967,20765],{"class":177},[60,20969,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,20971,140],{"class":139},[60,20973,124],{"class":74},[60,20975,1634],{"class":120},[60,20977,117],{"class":74},[60,20979,19639],{"class":120},[60,20981,124],{"class":74},[60,20983,79],{"class":78},[60,20985,10315],{"class":82},[60,20987,79],{"class":78},[60,20989,5271],{"class":74},[60,20991,20992],{"class":177},"      # None\n",[20,20994,20995,20996,20998],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20997,277],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21000,21001,21002,258],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21003,1703],{},[51,21005,21007],{"className":53,"code":21006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21008,21009,21045,21049,21069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21010,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21012,1613],{"class":66},[60,21014,71],{"class":70},[60,21016,75],{"class":74},[60,21018,79],{"class":78},[60,21020,7580],{"class":82},[60,21022,79],{"class":78},[60,21024,258],{"class":74},[60,21026,91],{"class":78},[60,21028,12774],{"class":82},[60,21030,79],{"class":78},[60,21032,88],{"class":74},[60,21034,91],{"class":78},[60,21036,20931],{"class":82},[60,21038,79],{"class":78},[60,21040,258],{"class":74},[60,21042,3766],{"class":734},[60,21044,108],{"class":74},[60,21046,21047],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21048,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21050,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21052,140],{"class":139},[60,21054,124],{"class":74},[60,21056,79],{"class":78},[60,21058,20931],{"class":82},[60,21060,79],{"class":78},[60,21062,1163],{"class":1153},[60,21064,14457],{"class":120},[60,21066,174],{"class":74},[60,21068,3578],{"class":177},[60,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,21072,140],{"class":139},[60,21074,124],{"class":74},[60,21076,79],{"class":78},[60,21078,10315],{"class":82},[60,21080,79],{"class":78},[60,21082,1163],{"class":1153},[60,21084,14457],{"class":120},[60,21086,174],{"class":74},[60,21088,21089],{"class":177},"      # False\n",[20,21091,21092,21093,117],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[30,21094,21095],{"href":17044},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[46,21097,1245],{"id":1244},[20,21099,21100,21101,258],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21102,10644],{},[260,21104,21105,21110,21117,21122],{},[263,21106,21107,21108],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21109,453],{},[263,21111,4615,21112,641,21114,21116],{},[15,21113,10644],{},[15,21115,277],{}," if no default is provided",[263,21118,4490,21119,21121],{},[15,21120,10644],{}," creates a key automatically",[263,21123,21124],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21126,21127],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[51,21129,21131],{"className":53,"code":21130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21132,21133,21143,21157,21175,21197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21134,21135,21137,21139,21141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21136,140],{"class":139},[60,21138,124],{"class":74},[60,21140,11349],{"class":120},[60,21142,133],{"class":74},[60,21144,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21146,140],{"class":139},[60,21148,124],{"class":74},[60,21150,11349],{"class":120},[60,21152,117],{"class":74},[60,21154,16814],{"class":120},[60,21156,7105],{"class":74},[60,21158,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21160,140],{"class":139},[60,21162,124],{"class":74},[60,21164,205],{"class":78},[60,21166,7580],{"class":82},[60,21168,205],{"class":78},[60,21170,1163],{"class":1153},[60,21172,11661],{"class":120},[60,21174,133],{"class":74},[60,21176,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,21178,140],{"class":139},[60,21180,124],{"class":74},[60,21182,11349],{"class":120},[60,21184,117],{"class":74},[60,21186,19639],{"class":120},[60,21188,124],{"class":74},[60,21190,205],{"class":78},[60,21192,7580],{"class":82},[60,21194,205],{"class":78},[60,21196,1691],{"class":74},[60,21198,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,21200,140],{"class":139},[60,21202,124],{"class":74},[60,21204,1684],{"class":1683},[60,21206,124],{"class":74},[60,21208,11349],{"class":120},[60,21210,117],{"class":74},[60,21212,19639],{"class":120},[60,21214,124],{"class":74},[60,21216,205],{"class":78},[60,21218,7580],{"class":82},[60,21220,205],{"class":78},[60,21222,2827],{"class":74},[20,21224,21225],{},"What these checks tell you:",[260,21227,21228,21233,21239,21245,21251],{},[263,21229,21230,21232],{},[15,21231,12574],{}," shows the full dictionary",[263,21234,21235,21238],{},[15,21236,21237],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[263,21240,21241,21244],{},[15,21242,21243],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[263,21246,21247,21250],{},[15,21248,21249],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[263,21252,21253,21256],{},[15,21254,21255],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21258,21259,21260,1776,21265,21269],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[30,21261,21262,21263,1818],{"href":16953},"the dictionary ",[15,21264,16956],{},[30,21266,21262,21267,1818],{"href":16966},[15,21268,16969],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[46,21271,1746],{"id":1745},[337,21273,12599,21275,21277,21278,1779],{"id":21274},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21276,10644],{}," raise ",[15,21279,453],{},[20,21281,21282,21283,21285],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21284,277],{}," or the default value you provide.",[337,21287,12599,21289,21291],{"id":21288},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21290,10644],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21293,21294],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[337,21296,21298,21299,1779],{"id":21297},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21300,10644],{},[20,21302,21303,21305],{},[15,21304,277],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[337,21307,21309,21310,21312],{"id":21308},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21311,10644],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21314,243,21315,21317],{},[15,21316,10644],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[46,21319,1808],{"id":1807},[260,21321,21322,21326,21332,21338,21342,21347],{},[263,21323,21324],{},[30,21325,9065],{"href":9064},[263,21327,21328],{},[30,21329,10641,21330,1818],{"href":16953},[15,21331,16956],{},[263,21333,21334],{},[30,21335,10641,21336,1818],{"href":16966},[15,21337,16969],{},[263,21339,21340],{},[30,21341,17045],{"href":17044},[263,21343,21344],{},[30,21345,21346],{"href":16488},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[263,21348,21349],{},[30,21350,1839],{"href":630},[1841,21352,21353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21364,21365],{"id":20277,"depth":136,"text":20278},{"id":19639,"depth":136,"text":10644},{"id":20476,"depth":111,"text":20477},{"id":20689,"depth":111,"text":20690,"children":21368},[21369,21371,21373],{"id":20698,"depth":136,"text":21370},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20784,"depth":136,"text":21372},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20874,"depth":136,"text":21374},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":21377},[21378,21380,21382,21384],{"id":21274,"depth":136,"text":21379},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21288,"depth":136,"text":21381},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21297,"depth":136,"text":21383},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21308,"depth":136,"text":21385},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19558,"description":21387},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21394,"title":21395,"body":21396,"description":23950,"extension":1883,"meta":23951,"navigation":152,"path":23952,"seo":23953,"stem":23954,"__hash__":23955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21397,"toc":23916},[21398,21403,21409,21415,21417,21499,21503,21520,21525,21530,21535,21537,21551,21553,21616,21620,21660,21668,21670,21672,21687,21690,21703,21705,21784,21788,21854,21856,21860,21868,21870,21881,21883,21992,21996,22075,22081,22087,22092,22205,22209,22241,22244,22351,22357,22364,22368,22371,22472,22476,22537,22540,22543,22554,22563,22566,22583,22585,22684,22688,22763,22766,22789,22794,22799,22816,22818,22939,22943,22977,22979,22984,22991,23001,23003,23081,23084,23155,23165,23168,23200,23203,23242,23248,23255,23258,23349,23353,23434,23440,23443,23446,23551,23554,23557,23679,23683,23686,23753,23757,23794,23800,23802,23808,23813,23819,23826,23832,23835,23874,23880,23883,23885,23913],[10,21399,11219,21401,18],{"id":21400},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21402,16969],{},[20,21404,1900,21405,21408],{},[15,21406,21407],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21410,21411,21412,21414],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21413,16969],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[46,21416,49],{"id":48},[51,21418,21420],{"className":53,"code":21419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21421,21422,21458,21462,21485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21425,13095],{"class":66},[60,21427,71],{"class":70},[60,21429,75],{"class":74},[60,21431,79],{"class":78},[60,21433,7580],{"class":82},[60,21435,79],{"class":78},[60,21437,258],{"class":74},[60,21439,91],{"class":78},[60,21441,12774],{"class":82},[60,21443,79],{"class":78},[60,21445,88],{"class":74},[60,21447,91],{"class":78},[60,21449,9206],{"class":82},[60,21451,79],{"class":78},[60,21453,258],{"class":74},[60,21455,9213],{"class":357},[60,21457,108],{"class":74},[60,21459,21460],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21461,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21463,21464,21466,21469,21471,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21465,5869],{"class":1153},[60,21467,21468],{"class":66}," key",[60,21470,88],{"class":74},[60,21472,21473],{"class":66}," value ",[60,21475,1703],{"class":1153},[60,21477,13138],{"class":66},[60,21479,117],{"class":74},[60,21481,517],{"class":120},[60,21483,21484],{"class":74},"():\n",[60,21486,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,21488,7981],{"class":139},[60,21490,124],{"class":74},[60,21492,14732],{"class":120},[60,21494,88],{"class":74},[60,21496,8347],{"class":120},[60,21498,133],{"class":74},[20,21500,21501],{},[41,21502,404],{},[51,21504,21506],{"className":53,"code":21505,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21507,21508,21513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21509,21510],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21511,21512],{"class":66},"name Ana\n",[60,21514,21515,21518],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21516,21517],{"class":66},"age ",[60,21519,2626],{"class":357},[20,21521,243,21522,21524],{},[15,21523,16969],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[46,21526,250,21528,253],{"id":21527},"what-items-does",[15,21529,16969],{},[20,21531,21532,21534],{},[15,21533,16969],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21536,11358],{},[260,21538,21539,21545,21548],{},[263,21540,21541,21542],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21543,21544],{},"(key, value)",[263,21546,21547],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[263,21549,21550],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21552,2127],{},[51,21554,21556],{"className":53,"code":21555,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21557,21558,21594,21598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21559,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21561,13095],{"class":66},[60,21563,71],{"class":70},[60,21565,75],{"class":74},[60,21567,79],{"class":78},[60,21569,7580],{"class":82},[60,21571,79],{"class":78},[60,21573,258],{"class":74},[60,21575,91],{"class":78},[60,21577,12774],{"class":82},[60,21579,79],{"class":78},[60,21581,88],{"class":74},[60,21583,91],{"class":78},[60,21585,9206],{"class":82},[60,21587,79],{"class":78},[60,21589,258],{"class":74},[60,21591,9213],{"class":357},[60,21593,108],{"class":74},[60,21595,21596],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21597,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21599,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21601,140],{"class":139},[60,21603,124],{"class":74},[60,21605,8006],{"class":1683},[60,21607,124],{"class":74},[60,21609,17198],{"class":120},[60,21611,117],{"class":74},[60,21613,517],{"class":120},[60,21615,6201],{"class":74},[20,21617,21618],{},[41,21619,404],{},[51,21621,21623],{"className":53,"code":21622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21624,21625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21626,21627,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21628,21629],{"class":74},"[(",[60,21631,205],{"class":78},[60,21633,7580],{"class":82},[60,21635,205],{"class":78},[60,21637,88],{"class":74},[60,21639,214],{"class":78},[60,21641,12774],{"class":82},[60,21643,205],{"class":78},[60,21645,9141],{"class":74},[60,21647,9144],{"class":74},[60,21649,205],{"class":78},[60,21651,9206],{"class":82},[60,21653,205],{"class":78},[60,21655,88],{"class":74},[60,21657,9213],{"class":357},[60,21659,9157],{"class":74},[20,21661,21662,21663,288,21665,117],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[30,21664,9065],{"href":12917},[30,21666,14916],{"href":21667},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[46,21669,296],{"id":295},[20,21671,5344],{},[51,21673,21675],{"className":53,"code":21674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21676,21677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21678,21679,21681,21683,21685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21680,11349],{"class":66},[60,21682,117],{"class":74},[60,21684,517],{"class":120},[60,21686,8555],{"class":74},[20,21688,21689],{},"Things to remember:",[260,21691,21692,21697,21700],{},[263,21693,21694,21696],{},[15,21695,16969],{}," does not take any arguments",[263,21698,21699],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[263,21701,21702],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21704,2127],{},[51,21706,21708],{"className":53,"code":21707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21709,21710,21742,21746,21760,21764,21774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21711,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21713,4974],{"class":66},[60,21715,71],{"class":70},[60,21717,75],{"class":74},[60,21719,79],{"class":78},[60,21721,4914],{"class":82},[60,21723,79],{"class":78},[60,21725,258],{"class":74},[60,21727,19787],{"class":357},[60,21729,88],{"class":74},[60,21731,91],{"class":78},[60,21733,4923],{"class":82},[60,21735,79],{"class":78},[60,21737,258],{"class":74},[60,21739,13398],{"class":357},[60,21741,108],{"class":74},[60,21743,21744],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21745,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21747,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21749,688],{"class":66},[60,21751,71],{"class":70},[60,21753,5021],{"class":66},[60,21755,117],{"class":74},[60,21757,517],{"class":120},[60,21759,8555],{"class":74},[60,21761,21762],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,21763,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,21767,140],{"class":139},[60,21769,124],{"class":74},[60,21771,720],{"class":120},[60,21773,133],{"class":74},[60,21775,21776,21778,21780,21782],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,21777,140],{"class":139},[60,21779,124],{"class":74},[60,21781,16280],{"class":120},[60,21783,133],{"class":74},[20,21785,21786],{},[41,21787,404],{},[51,21789,21791],{"className":53,"code":21790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21792,21793,21826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21794,21795,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21796,21797],{"class":120},"dict_items",[60,21799,9564],{"class":74},[60,21801,205],{"class":78},[60,21803,4914],{"class":82},[60,21805,205],{"class":78},[60,21807,88],{"class":74},[60,21809,19787],{"class":357},[60,21811,9141],{"class":74},[60,21813,9144],{"class":74},[60,21815,205],{"class":78},[60,21817,4923],{"class":82},[60,21819,205],{"class":78},[60,21821,88],{"class":74},[60,21823,13398],{"class":357},[60,21825,10583],{"class":74},[60,21827,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21829,202],{"class":74},[60,21831,205],{"class":78},[60,21833,4914],{"class":82},[60,21835,205],{"class":78},[60,21837,258],{"class":74},[60,21839,19787],{"class":357},[60,21841,88],{"class":74},[60,21843,214],{"class":78},[60,21845,4923],{"class":82},[60,21847,205],{"class":78},[60,21849,258],{"class":74},[60,21851,13398],{"class":357},[60,21853,108],{"class":74},[20,21855,20781],{},[46,21857,21859],{"id":21858},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21861,21862,21864,21865,21867],{},[15,21863,16969],{}," returns a ",[15,21866,21797],{}," view object.",[20,21869,2026],{},[260,21871,21872,21875,21878],{},[263,21873,21874],{},"You can loop over it",[263,21876,21877],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[263,21879,21880],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21882,2127],{},[51,21884,21886],{"className":53,"code":21885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21887,21888,21920,21934,21938,21952,21956,21974,21978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21889,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21891,1613],{"class":66},[60,21893,71],{"class":70},[60,21895,75],{"class":74},[60,21897,79],{"class":78},[60,21899,2093],{"class":82},[60,21901,79],{"class":78},[60,21903,258],{"class":74},[60,21905,5408],{"class":357},[60,21907,88],{"class":74},[60,21909,91],{"class":78},[60,21911,11640],{"class":82},[60,21913,79],{"class":78},[60,21915,258],{"class":74},[60,21917,363],{"class":357},[60,21919,108],{"class":74},[60,21921,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21923,9123],{"class":66},[60,21925,71],{"class":70},[60,21927,14457],{"class":66},[60,21929,117],{"class":74},[60,21931,517],{"class":120},[60,21933,8555],{"class":74},[60,21935,21936],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,21937,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21939,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,21941,140],{"class":139},[60,21943,124],{"class":74},[60,21945,8006],{"class":1683},[60,21947,124],{"class":74},[60,21949,9170],{"class":120},[60,21951,1691],{"class":74},[60,21953,21954],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,21955,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21957,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,21959,1634],{"class":66},[60,21961,3812],{"class":74},[60,21963,79],{"class":78},[60,21965,1457],{"class":82},[60,21967,79],{"class":78},[60,21969,13164],{"class":74},[60,21971,13167],{"class":70},[60,21973,2494],{"class":357},[60,21975,21976],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,21977,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,21979,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,21981,140],{"class":139},[60,21983,124],{"class":74},[60,21985,8006],{"class":1683},[60,21987,124],{"class":74},[60,21989,9170],{"class":120},[60,21991,1691],{"class":74},[20,21993,21994],{},[41,21995,404],{},[51,21997,21999],{"className":53,"code":21998,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22000,22001,22031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22002,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22004,21629],{"class":74},[60,22006,205],{"class":78},[60,22008,2093],{"class":82},[60,22010,205],{"class":78},[60,22012,88],{"class":74},[60,22014,5408],{"class":357},[60,22016,9141],{"class":74},[60,22018,9144],{"class":74},[60,22020,205],{"class":78},[60,22022,11640],{"class":82},[60,22024,205],{"class":78},[60,22026,88],{"class":74},[60,22028,363],{"class":357},[60,22030,9157],{"class":74},[60,22032,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22034,21629],{"class":74},[60,22036,205],{"class":78},[60,22038,2093],{"class":82},[60,22040,205],{"class":78},[60,22042,88],{"class":74},[60,22044,5408],{"class":357},[60,22046,9141],{"class":74},[60,22048,9144],{"class":74},[60,22050,205],{"class":78},[60,22052,11640],{"class":82},[60,22054,205],{"class":78},[60,22056,88],{"class":74},[60,22058,363],{"class":357},[60,22060,9141],{"class":74},[60,22062,9144],{"class":74},[60,22064,205],{"class":78},[60,22066,1457],{"class":82},[60,22068,205],{"class":78},[60,22070,88],{"class":74},[60,22072,368],{"class":357},[60,22074,9157],{"class":74},[20,22076,22077,22078,22080],{},"This happens because ",[15,22079,9170],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[46,22082,22084,22085],{"id":22083},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22086,16969],{},[20,22088,22089,22090,258],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22091,16969],{},[51,22093,22095],{"className":53,"code":22094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22096,22097,22150,22154,22174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22098,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22100,12757],{"class":66},[60,22102,71],{"class":70},[60,22104,75],{"class":74},[60,22106,79],{"class":78},[60,22108,7580],{"class":82},[60,22110,79],{"class":78},[60,22112,258],{"class":74},[60,22114,91],{"class":78},[60,22116,7833],{"class":82},[60,22118,79],{"class":78},[60,22120,88],{"class":74},[60,22122,91],{"class":78},[60,22124,19780],{"class":82},[60,22126,79],{"class":78},[60,22128,258],{"class":74},[60,22130,91],{"class":78},[60,22132,22133],{"class":82},"A",[60,22135,79],{"class":78},[60,22137,88],{"class":74},[60,22139,91],{"class":78},[60,22141,9206],{"class":82},[60,22143,79],{"class":78},[60,22145,258],{"class":74},[60,22147,13749],{"class":357},[60,22149,108],{"class":74},[60,22151,22152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22153,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22155,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22157,5869],{"class":1153},[60,22159,21468],{"class":66},[60,22161,88],{"class":74},[60,22163,21473],{"class":66},[60,22165,1703],{"class":1153},[60,22167,12800],{"class":66},[60,22169,117],{"class":74},[60,22171,517],{"class":120},[60,22173,21484],{"class":74},[60,22175,22176,22178,22180,22183,22185,22187,22189,22192,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,22177,7981],{"class":139},[60,22179,124],{"class":74},[60,22181,22182],{"class":1984},"f",[60,22184,79],{"class":82},[60,22186,202],{"class":357},[60,22188,14732],{"class":120},[60,22190,22191],{"class":357},"}",[60,22193,22194],{"class":82},": ",[60,22196,202],{"class":357},[60,22198,315],{"class":120},[60,22200,22191],{"class":357},[60,22202,79],{"class":82},[60,22204,133],{"class":74},[20,22206,22207],{},[41,22208,404],{},[51,22210,22212],{"className":53,"code":22211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22213,22214,22223,22232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22215,22216,22218,22220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22217,7580],{"class":66},[60,22219,258],{"class":74},[60,22221,22222],{"class":66}," Mia\n",[60,22224,22225,22227,22229],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22226,19780],{"class":66},[60,22228,258],{"class":74},[60,22230,22231],{"class":66}," A\n",[60,22233,22234,22236,22238],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22235,9206],{"class":66},[60,22237,258],{"class":74},[60,22239,22240],{"class":357}," 14\n",[20,22242,22243],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[51,22245,22247],{"className":53,"code":22246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22248,22249,22301,22305,22317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22250,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22252,12757],{"class":66},[60,22254,71],{"class":70},[60,22256,75],{"class":74},[60,22258,79],{"class":78},[60,22260,7580],{"class":82},[60,22262,79],{"class":78},[60,22264,258],{"class":74},[60,22266,91],{"class":78},[60,22268,7833],{"class":82},[60,22270,79],{"class":78},[60,22272,88],{"class":74},[60,22274,91],{"class":78},[60,22276,19780],{"class":82},[60,22278,79],{"class":78},[60,22280,258],{"class":74},[60,22282,91],{"class":78},[60,22284,22133],{"class":82},[60,22286,79],{"class":78},[60,22288,88],{"class":74},[60,22290,91],{"class":78},[60,22292,9206],{"class":82},[60,22294,79],{"class":78},[60,22296,258],{"class":74},[60,22298,13749],{"class":357},[60,22300,108],{"class":74},[60,22302,22303],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22304,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22306,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22308,5869],{"class":1153},[60,22310,18099],{"class":66},[60,22312,1703],{"class":1153},[60,22314,12800],{"class":66},[60,22316,1168],{"class":74},[60,22318,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,22320,7981],{"class":139},[60,22322,124],{"class":74},[60,22324,22182],{"class":1984},[60,22326,79],{"class":82},[60,22328,202],{"class":357},[60,22330,14732],{"class":120},[60,22332,22191],{"class":357},[60,22334,22194],{"class":82},[60,22336,202],{"class":357},[60,22338,13517],{"class":120},[60,22340,3812],{"class":74},[60,22342,14732],{"class":120},[60,22344,13164],{"class":74},[60,22346,22191],{"class":357},[60,22348,79],{"class":82},[60,22350,133],{"class":74},[20,22352,6421,22353,22356],{},[15,22354,22355],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22358,22359,22360,117],{},"For a full guide, see ",[30,22361,22363],{"href":22362},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[46,22365,22367],{"id":22366},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22369,22370],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[51,22372,22374],{"className":53,"code":22373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22375,22376,22433,22437,22457,22461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22429,22431],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22379,67],{"class":66},[60,22381,71],{"class":70},[60,22383,75],{"class":74},[60,22385,79],{"class":78},[60,22387,495],{"class":82},[60,22389,79],{"class":78},[60,22391,258],{"class":74},[60,22393,91],{"class":78},[60,22395,83],{"class":82},[60,22397,79],{"class":78},[60,22399,88],{"class":74},[60,22401,91],{"class":78},[60,22403,504],{"class":82},[60,22405,79],{"class":78},[60,22407,258],{"class":74},[60,22409,91],{"class":78},[60,22411,169],{"class":82},[60,22413,79],{"class":78},[60,22415,88],{"class":74},[60,22417,91],{"class":78},[60,22419,1084],{"class":82},[60,22421,79],{"class":78},[60,22423,258],{"class":74},[60,22425,91],{"class":78},[60,22427,22428],{"class":82},"purple",[60,22430,79],{"class":78},[60,22432,108],{"class":74},[60,22434,22435],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22436,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22438,22439,22442,22444,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22440,22441],{"class":66},"pairs_list ",[60,22443,71],{"class":70},[60,22445,22446],{"class":1683}," list",[60,22448,124],{"class":74},[60,22450,114],{"class":120},[60,22452,117],{"class":74},[60,22454,517],{"class":120},[60,22456,7105],{"class":74},[60,22458,22459],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,22460,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22462,22463,22465,22467,22470],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,22464,140],{"class":139},[60,22466,124],{"class":74},[60,22468,22469],{"class":120},"pairs_list",[60,22471,133],{"class":74},[20,22473,22474],{},[41,22475,404],{},[51,22477,22479],{"className":53,"code":22478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22480,22481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22482,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22484,21629],{"class":74},[60,22486,205],{"class":78},[60,22488,495],{"class":82},[60,22490,205],{"class":78},[60,22492,88],{"class":74},[60,22494,214],{"class":78},[60,22496,83],{"class":82},[60,22498,205],{"class":78},[60,22500,9141],{"class":74},[60,22502,9144],{"class":74},[60,22504,205],{"class":78},[60,22506,504],{"class":82},[60,22508,205],{"class":78},[60,22510,88],{"class":74},[60,22512,214],{"class":78},[60,22514,169],{"class":82},[60,22516,205],{"class":78},[60,22518,9141],{"class":74},[60,22520,9144],{"class":74},[60,22522,205],{"class":78},[60,22524,1084],{"class":82},[60,22526,205],{"class":78},[60,22528,88],{"class":74},[60,22530,214],{"class":78},[60,22532,22428],{"class":82},[60,22534,205],{"class":78},[60,22536,9157],{"class":74},[20,22538,22539],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22541,22542],{},"Use this when:",[260,22544,22545,22548,22551],{},[263,22546,22547],{},"You want clearer printed output",[263,22549,22550],{},"You need list behavior",[263,22552,22553],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[46,22555,22557,474,22559,474,22561],{"id":22556},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22558,16969],{},[15,22560,16956],{},[15,22562,16962],{},[20,22564,22565],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[260,22567,22568,22573,22578],{},[263,22569,22570,22572],{},[15,22571,16969],{}," gives both key and value",[263,22574,22575,22577],{},[15,22576,16956],{}," gives only keys",[263,22579,22580,22582],{},[15,22581,16962],{}," gives only values",[20,22584,2127],{},[51,22586,22588],{"className":53,"code":22587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22589,22590,22626,22630,22648,22666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22591,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22593,13095],{"class":66},[60,22595,71],{"class":70},[60,22597,75],{"class":74},[60,22599,79],{"class":78},[60,22601,7580],{"class":82},[60,22603,79],{"class":78},[60,22605,258],{"class":74},[60,22607,91],{"class":78},[60,22609,12774],{"class":82},[60,22611,79],{"class":78},[60,22613,88],{"class":74},[60,22615,91],{"class":78},[60,22617,9206],{"class":82},[60,22619,79],{"class":78},[60,22621,258],{"class":74},[60,22623,9213],{"class":357},[60,22625,108],{"class":74},[60,22627,22628],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22629,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22631,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22633,140],{"class":139},[60,22635,124],{"class":74},[60,22637,8006],{"class":1683},[60,22639,124],{"class":74},[60,22641,17198],{"class":120},[60,22643,117],{"class":74},[60,22645,16814],{"class":120},[60,22647,6201],{"class":74},[60,22649,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,22651,140],{"class":139},[60,22653,124],{"class":74},[60,22655,8006],{"class":1683},[60,22657,124],{"class":74},[60,22659,17198],{"class":120},[60,22661,117],{"class":74},[60,22663,5268],{"class":120},[60,22665,6201],{"class":74},[60,22667,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,22669,140],{"class":139},[60,22671,124],{"class":74},[60,22673,8006],{"class":1683},[60,22675,124],{"class":74},[60,22677,17198],{"class":120},[60,22679,117],{"class":74},[60,22681,517],{"class":120},[60,22683,6201],{"class":74},[20,22685,22686],{},[41,22687,404],{},[51,22689,22691],{"className":53,"code":22690,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22692,22693,22713,22729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22694,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22696,3812],{"class":74},[60,22698,205],{"class":78},[60,22700,7580],{"class":82},[60,22702,205],{"class":78},[60,22704,88],{"class":74},[60,22706,214],{"class":78},[60,22708,9206],{"class":82},[60,22710,205],{"class":78},[60,22712,1525],{"class":74},[60,22714,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22716,3812],{"class":74},[60,22718,205],{"class":78},[60,22720,12774],{"class":82},[60,22722,205],{"class":78},[60,22724,88],{"class":74},[60,22726,9213],{"class":357},[60,22728,1525],{"class":74},[60,22730,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22732,21629],{"class":74},[60,22734,205],{"class":78},[60,22736,7580],{"class":82},[60,22738,205],{"class":78},[60,22740,88],{"class":74},[60,22742,214],{"class":78},[60,22744,12774],{"class":82},[60,22746,205],{"class":78},[60,22748,9141],{"class":74},[60,22750,9144],{"class":74},[60,22752,205],{"class":78},[60,22754,9206],{"class":82},[60,22756,205],{"class":78},[60,22758,88],{"class":74},[60,22760,9213],{"class":357},[60,22762,9157],{"class":74},[20,22764,22765],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[260,22767,22768,22776,22784],{},[263,22769,22770,22771],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[30,22772,22774],{"href":22773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22775,16956],{},[263,22777,22778,22779],{},"Need just values? Use ",[30,22780,22782],{"href":22781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22783,16962],{},[263,22785,22786,22787],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22788,16969],{},[46,22790,1220,22792],{"id":22791},"when-to-use-items",[15,22793,16969],{},[20,22795,22796,22798],{},[15,22797,16969],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[260,22800,22801,22804,22807,22810,22813],{},[263,22802,22803],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[263,22805,22806],{},"Building formatted output",[263,22808,22809],{},"Looping through settings and values",[263,22811,22812],{},"Showing names with scores",[263,22814,22815],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22817,2127],{},[51,22819,22821],{"className":53,"code":22820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22822,22823,22831,22849,22868,22880,22884,22888,22909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22824,22825,22827,22829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22826,13717],{"class":66},[60,22828,71],{"class":70},[60,22830,11391],{"class":74},[60,22832,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22834,11396],{"class":78},[60,22836,12389],{"class":82},[60,22838,79],{"class":78},[60,22840,258],{"class":74},[60,22842,91],{"class":78},[60,22844,12398],{"class":82},[60,22846,79],{"class":78},[60,22848,11412],{"class":74},[60,22850,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22864,22866],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22852,11396],{"class":78},[60,22854,20012],{"class":82},[60,22856,79],{"class":78},[60,22858,258],{"class":74},[60,22860,91],{"class":78},[60,22862,22863],{"class":82},"English",[60,22865,79],{"class":78},[60,22867,11412],{"class":74},[60,22869,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,22871,11396],{"class":78},[60,22873,18415],{"class":82},[60,22875,79],{"class":78},[60,22877,258],{"class":74},[60,22879,6333],{"class":734},[60,22881,22882],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,22883,108],{"class":74},[60,22885,22886],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,22887,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,22889,22890,22892,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,22891,5869],{"class":1153},[60,22893,22894],{"class":66}," setting",[60,22896,88],{"class":74},[60,22898,21473],{"class":66},[60,22900,1703],{"class":1153},[60,22902,13761],{"class":66},[60,22904,117],{"class":74},[60,22906,517],{"class":120},[60,22908,21484],{"class":74},[60,22910,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22924,22926,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,22912,7981],{"class":139},[60,22914,124],{"class":74},[60,22916,22182],{"class":1984},[60,22918,79],{"class":82},[60,22920,202],{"class":357},[60,22922,22923],{"class":120},"setting",[60,22925,22191],{"class":357},[60,22927,22928],{"class":82}," = ",[60,22930,202],{"class":357},[60,22932,315],{"class":120},[60,22934,22191],{"class":357},[60,22936,79],{"class":82},[60,22938,133],{"class":74},[20,22940,22941],{},[41,22942,404],{},[51,22944,22946],{"className":53,"code":22945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22947,22948,22958,22968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22949,22950,22953,22955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22951,22952],{"class":66},"theme ",[60,22954,71],{"class":70},[60,22956,22957],{"class":66}," dark\n",[60,22959,22960,22963,22965],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22961,22962],{"class":66},"language ",[60,22964,71],{"class":70},[60,22966,22967],{"class":66}," English\n",[60,22969,22970,22973,22975],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,22971,22972],{"class":66},"notifications ",[60,22974,71],{"class":70},[60,22976,6333],{"class":734},[46,22978,1245],{"id":1244},[20,22980,22981,22982,117],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22983,16969],{},[337,22985,22987,22988,22990],{"id":22986},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22989,16969],{}," incorrectly",[20,22992,22993,22994,22996,22997,23000],{},"Each result from ",[15,22995,16969],{}," has ",[41,22998,22999],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23002,6599],{},[51,23004,23005],{"className":53,"code":21419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,23006,23007,23043,23047,23067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23008,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23010,13095],{"class":66},[60,23012,71],{"class":70},[60,23014,75],{"class":74},[60,23016,79],{"class":78},[60,23018,7580],{"class":82},[60,23020,79],{"class":78},[60,23022,258],{"class":74},[60,23024,91],{"class":78},[60,23026,12774],{"class":82},[60,23028,79],{"class":78},[60,23030,88],{"class":74},[60,23032,91],{"class":78},[60,23034,9206],{"class":82},[60,23036,79],{"class":78},[60,23038,258],{"class":74},[60,23040,9213],{"class":357},[60,23042,108],{"class":74},[60,23044,23045],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23046,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23048,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23050,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23052,21468],{"class":66},[60,23054,88],{"class":74},[60,23056,21473],{"class":66},[60,23058,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23060,13138],{"class":66},[60,23062,117],{"class":74},[60,23064,517],{"class":120},[60,23066,21484],{"class":74},[60,23068,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23070,7981],{"class":139},[60,23072,124],{"class":74},[60,23074,14732],{"class":120},[60,23076,88],{"class":74},[60,23078,8347],{"class":120},[60,23080,133],{"class":74},[20,23082,23083],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[51,23085,23087],{"className":53,"code":23086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23088,23089,23125,23129,23145],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23090,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23092,13095],{"class":66},[60,23094,71],{"class":70},[60,23096,75],{"class":74},[60,23098,79],{"class":78},[60,23100,7580],{"class":82},[60,23102,79],{"class":78},[60,23104,258],{"class":74},[60,23106,91],{"class":78},[60,23108,12774],{"class":82},[60,23110,79],{"class":78},[60,23112,88],{"class":74},[60,23114,91],{"class":78},[60,23116,9206],{"class":82},[60,23118,79],{"class":78},[60,23120,258],{"class":74},[60,23122,9213],{"class":357},[60,23124,108],{"class":74},[60,23126,23127],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23128,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23130,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23132,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23134,18099],{"class":66},[60,23136,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23138,13138],{"class":66},[60,23140,117],{"class":74},[60,23142,517],{"class":120},[60,23144,21484],{"class":74},[60,23146,23147,23149,23151,23153],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23148,7981],{"class":139},[60,23150,124],{"class":74},[60,23152,14732],{"class":120},[60,23154,133],{"class":74},[20,23156,23157,23158,23160,23161,23164],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23159,14732],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23162,23163],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23166,23167],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[51,23169,23171],{"className":53,"code":23170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23172,23173,23189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23174,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23176,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23178,5872],{"class":66},[60,23180,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23182,13138],{"class":66},[60,23184,117],{"class":74},[60,23186,517],{"class":120},[60,23188,21484],{"class":74},[60,23190,23191,23193,23195,23198],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23192,7981],{"class":139},[60,23194,124],{"class":74},[60,23196,23197],{"class":120},"item",[60,23199,133],{"class":74},[20,23201,23202],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[51,23204,23206],{"className":53,"code":23205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23207,23208,23228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23209,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23211,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23213,21468],{"class":66},[60,23215,88],{"class":74},[60,23217,21473],{"class":66},[60,23219,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23221,13138],{"class":66},[60,23223,117],{"class":74},[60,23225,517],{"class":120},[60,23227,21484],{"class":74},[60,23229,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23231,7981],{"class":139},[60,23233,124],{"class":74},[60,23235,14732],{"class":120},[60,23237,88],{"class":74},[60,23239,8347],{"class":120},[60,23241,133],{"class":74},[337,23243,1254,23245,23247],{"id":23244},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23246,16969],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23249,23250,21864,23252,23254],{},[15,23251,16969],{},[15,23253,21797],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23256,23257],{},"Check it:",[51,23259,23261],{"className":53,"code":23260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23262,23263,23295,23299,23313,23331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23264,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23266,11619],{"class":66},[60,23268,71],{"class":70},[60,23270,75],{"class":74},[60,23272,79],{"class":78},[60,23274,30],{"class":82},[60,23276,79],{"class":78},[60,23278,258],{"class":74},[60,23280,5408],{"class":357},[60,23282,88],{"class":74},[60,23284,91],{"class":78},[60,23286,1428],{"class":82},[60,23288,79],{"class":78},[60,23290,258],{"class":74},[60,23292,363],{"class":357},[60,23294,108],{"class":74},[60,23296,23297],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23298,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23300,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23302,140],{"class":139},[60,23304,124],{"class":74},[60,23306,11349],{"class":120},[60,23308,117],{"class":74},[60,23310,517],{"class":120},[60,23312,7105],{"class":74},[60,23314,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23316,140],{"class":139},[60,23318,124],{"class":74},[60,23320,1684],{"class":1683},[60,23322,124],{"class":74},[60,23324,11349],{"class":120},[60,23326,117],{"class":74},[60,23328,517],{"class":120},[60,23330,6201],{"class":74},[60,23332,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,23334,140],{"class":139},[60,23336,124],{"class":74},[60,23338,8006],{"class":1683},[60,23340,124],{"class":74},[60,23342,11349],{"class":120},[60,23344,117],{"class":74},[60,23346,517],{"class":120},[60,23348,6201],{"class":74},[20,23350,23351],{},[41,23352,404],{},[51,23354,23356],{"className":53,"code":23355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23357,23358,23390,23404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23359,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23361,21797],{"class":120},[60,23363,9564],{"class":74},[60,23365,205],{"class":78},[60,23367,30],{"class":82},[60,23369,205],{"class":78},[60,23371,88],{"class":74},[60,23373,5408],{"class":357},[60,23375,9141],{"class":74},[60,23377,9144],{"class":74},[60,23379,205],{"class":78},[60,23381,1428],{"class":82},[60,23383,205],{"class":78},[60,23385,88],{"class":74},[60,23387,363],{"class":357},[60,23389,10583],{"class":74},[60,23391,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23393,3205],{"class":70},[60,23395,3208],{"class":1984},[60,23397,214],{"class":78},[60,23399,21797],{"class":82},[60,23401,205],{"class":78},[60,23403,3217],{"class":70},[60,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23407,21629],{"class":74},[60,23409,205],{"class":78},[60,23411,30],{"class":82},[60,23413,205],{"class":78},[60,23415,88],{"class":74},[60,23417,5408],{"class":357},[60,23419,9141],{"class":74},[60,23421,9144],{"class":74},[60,23423,205],{"class":78},[60,23425,1428],{"class":82},[60,23427,205],{"class":78},[60,23429,88],{"class":74},[60,23431,363],{"class":357},[60,23433,9157],{"class":74},[337,23435,23437,23438],{"id":23436},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23439,16969],{},[20,23441,23442],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23444,23445],{},"Problem example:",[51,23447,23449],{"className":53,"code":23448,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23450,23451,23495,23499,23519,23531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23452,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23454,350],{"class":66},[60,23456,71],{"class":70},[60,23458,75],{"class":74},[60,23460,79],{"class":78},[60,23462,30],{"class":82},[60,23464,79],{"class":78},[60,23466,258],{"class":74},[60,23468,5408],{"class":357},[60,23470,88],{"class":74},[60,23472,91],{"class":78},[60,23474,1428],{"class":82},[60,23476,79],{"class":78},[60,23478,258],{"class":74},[60,23480,363],{"class":357},[60,23482,88],{"class":74},[60,23484,91],{"class":78},[60,23486,1437],{"class":82},[60,23488,79],{"class":78},[60,23490,258],{"class":74},[60,23492,368],{"class":357},[60,23494,108],{"class":74},[60,23496,23497],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23498,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23500,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23502,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23504,21468],{"class":66},[60,23506,88],{"class":74},[60,23508,21473],{"class":66},[60,23510,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23512,1294],{"class":66},[60,23514,117],{"class":74},[60,23516,517],{"class":120},[60,23518,21484],{"class":74},[60,23520,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23522,6309],{"class":1153},[60,23524,21473],{"class":66},[60,23526,4599],{"class":70},[60,23528,363],{"class":357},[60,23530,1168],{"class":74},[60,23532,23533,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,23534,23535],{"class":66},"        numbers",[60,23537,3812],{"class":74},[60,23539,79],{"class":78},[60,23541,18658],{"class":82},[60,23543,79],{"class":78},[60,23545,13164],{"class":74},[60,23547,13167],{"class":70},[60,23549,23550],{"class":357}," 4\n",[20,23552,23553],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23555,23556],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[51,23558,23560],{"className":53,"code":23559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23561,23562,23606,23610,23635,23647,23665,23669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23565,350],{"class":66},[60,23567,71],{"class":70},[60,23569,75],{"class":74},[60,23571,79],{"class":78},[60,23573,30],{"class":82},[60,23575,79],{"class":78},[60,23577,258],{"class":74},[60,23579,5408],{"class":357},[60,23581,88],{"class":74},[60,23583,91],{"class":78},[60,23585,1428],{"class":82},[60,23587,79],{"class":78},[60,23589,258],{"class":74},[60,23591,363],{"class":357},[60,23593,88],{"class":74},[60,23595,91],{"class":78},[60,23597,1437],{"class":82},[60,23599,79],{"class":78},[60,23601,258],{"class":74},[60,23603,368],{"class":357},[60,23605,108],{"class":74},[60,23607,23608],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23609,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23613,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23615,21468],{"class":66},[60,23617,88],{"class":74},[60,23619,21473],{"class":66},[60,23621,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23623,22446],{"class":1683},[60,23625,124],{"class":74},[60,23627,380],{"class":120},[60,23629,117],{"class":74},[60,23631,517],{"class":120},[60,23633,23634],{"class":74},"()):\n",[60,23636,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23638,6309],{"class":1153},[60,23640,21473],{"class":66},[60,23642,4599],{"class":70},[60,23644,363],{"class":357},[60,23646,1168],{"class":74},[60,23648,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,23650,23535],{"class":66},[60,23652,3812],{"class":74},[60,23654,79],{"class":78},[60,23656,18658],{"class":82},[60,23658,79],{"class":78},[60,23660,13164],{"class":74},[60,23662,13167],{"class":70},[60,23664,23550],{"class":357},[60,23666,23667],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,23668,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,23672,140],{"class":139},[60,23674,124],{"class":74},[60,23676,380],{"class":120},[60,23678,133],{"class":74},[337,23680,23682],{"id":23681},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23684,23685],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[51,23687,23689],{"className":53,"code":23688,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23690,23691,23723,23727,23743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23692,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23694,1613],{"class":66},[60,23696,71],{"class":70},[60,23698,75],{"class":74},[60,23700,79],{"class":78},[60,23702,2093],{"class":82},[60,23704,79],{"class":78},[60,23706,258],{"class":74},[60,23708,5916],{"class":357},[60,23710,88],{"class":74},[60,23712,91],{"class":78},[60,23714,11640],{"class":82},[60,23716,79],{"class":78},[60,23718,258],{"class":74},[60,23720,7702],{"class":357},[60,23722,108],{"class":74},[60,23724,23725],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23726,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,23728,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,23730,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23732,5872],{"class":66},[60,23734,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23736,14457],{"class":66},[60,23738,117],{"class":74},[60,23740,517],{"class":120},[60,23742,21484],{"class":74},[60,23744,23745,23747,23749,23751],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,23746,7981],{"class":139},[60,23748,124],{"class":74},[60,23750,23197],{"class":120},[60,23752,133],{"class":74},[20,23754,23755],{},[41,23756,404],{},[51,23758,23760],{"className":53,"code":23759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23761,23762,23778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23763,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23765,124],{"class":74},[60,23767,205],{"class":78},[60,23769,2093],{"class":82},[60,23771,205],{"class":78},[60,23773,88],{"class":74},[60,23775,5916],{"class":357},[60,23777,133],{"class":74},[60,23779,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23781,124],{"class":74},[60,23783,205],{"class":78},[60,23785,11640],{"class":82},[60,23787,205],{"class":78},[60,23789,88],{"class":74},[60,23791,7702],{"class":357},[60,23793,133],{"class":74},[20,23795,23796,23797,23799],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23798,21544],{}," pair.",[46,23801,1746],{"id":1745},[337,23803,23805,23806,5055],{"id":23804},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23807,16969],{},[20,23809,17313,23810,23812],{},[15,23811,21797],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[337,23814,12599,23816,23818],{"id":23815},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23817,16969],{}," return a list?",[20,23820,23821,23822,23825],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23823,23824],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[337,23827,23829,23830,1779],{"id":23828},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23831,16969],{},[20,23833,23834],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[51,23836,23838],{"className":53,"code":23837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23839,23840,23860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23841,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23843,5869],{"class":1153},[60,23845,21468],{"class":66},[60,23847,88],{"class":74},[60,23849,21473],{"class":66},[60,23851,1703],{"class":1153},[60,23853,11661],{"class":66},[60,23855,117],{"class":74},[60,23857,517],{"class":120},[60,23859,21484],{"class":74},[60,23861,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23863,7981],{"class":139},[60,23865,124],{"class":74},[60,23867,14732],{"class":120},[60,23869,88],{"class":74},[60,23871,8347],{"class":120},[60,23873,133],{"class":74},[337,23875,12599,23877,23879],{"id":23876},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23878,16969],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23881,23882],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[46,23884,1808],{"id":1807},[260,23886,23887,23893,23899,23904,23908],{},[263,23888,23889],{},[30,23890,10641,23891,1818],{"href":22773},[15,23892,16956],{},[263,23894,23895],{},[30,23896,10641,23897,1818],{"href":22781},[15,23898,16962],{},[263,23900,23901],{},[30,23902,23903],{"href":22362},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[263,23905,23906],{},[30,23907,9065],{"href":12917},[263,23909,23910],{},[30,23911,23912],{"href":21667},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1841,23914,23915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":23917},[23918,23919,23921,23922,23923,23925,23926,23928,23930,23939,23949],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":21527,"depth":111,"text":23920},"What items() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":21858,"depth":111,"text":21859},{"id":22083,"depth":111,"text":23924},"Looping with items()",{"id":22366,"depth":111,"text":22367},{"id":22556,"depth":111,"text":23927},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22791,"depth":111,"text":23929},"When to use items()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":23931},[23932,23934,23936,23938],{"id":22986,"depth":136,"text":23933},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23244,"depth":136,"text":23935},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23436,"depth":136,"text":23937},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23681,"depth":136,"text":23682},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":23940},[23941,23943,23945,23947],{"id":23804,"depth":136,"text":23942},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23815,"depth":136,"text":23944},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23828,"depth":136,"text":23946},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23876,"depth":136,"text":23948},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21395,"description":23950},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23957,"title":23958,"body":23959,"description":26048,"extension":1883,"meta":26049,"navigation":152,"path":22773,"seo":26050,"stem":26051,"__hash__":26052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23960,"toc":26014},[23961,23966,23972,23975,23986,23993,23995,24078,24082,24129,24134,24139,24144,24146,24162,24164,24263,24267,24324,24327,24329,24332,24425,24429,24492,24495,24511,24516,24518,24520,24535,24537,24548,24550,24593,24596,24639,24642,24644,24651,24654,24671,24673,24766,24770,24811,24823,24827,24830,24918,24922,24942,24945,24972,24979,24984,24988,24999,25001,25105,25109,25135,25138,25205,25210,25213,25236,25241,25245,25250,25256,25261,25263,25318,25322,25349,25356,25362,25365,25390,25396,25422,25425,25500,25506,25511,25513,25552,25570,25574,25577,25620,25623,25625,25644,25646,25651,25676,25679,25749,25752,25825,25829,25831,25892,25895,25911,25913,25918,25923,25930,25939,25945,25951,25958,25964,25968,25973,25975,26011],[10,23962,11219,23964,18],{"id":23963},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23965,16956],{},[20,23967,23968,23969,23971],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23970,16956],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23973,23974],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[260,23976,23977,23980,23983],{},[263,23978,23979],{},"view the available keys",[263,23981,23982],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[263,23984,23985],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23987,23988,23990,23991,117],{},[15,23989,16956],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23992,16905],{},[46,23994,49],{"id":48},[51,23996,23998],{"className":53,"code":23997,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23999,24000,24036,24050,24054,24064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24001,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24003,12757],{"class":66},[60,24005,71],{"class":70},[60,24007,75],{"class":74},[60,24009,79],{"class":78},[60,24011,7580],{"class":82},[60,24013,79],{"class":78},[60,24015,258],{"class":74},[60,24017,91],{"class":78},[60,24019,12774],{"class":82},[60,24021,79],{"class":78},[60,24023,88],{"class":74},[60,24025,91],{"class":78},[60,24027,9206],{"class":82},[60,24029,79],{"class":78},[60,24031,258],{"class":74},[60,24033,7702],{"class":357},[60,24035,108],{"class":74},[60,24037,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24039,17133],{"class":66},[60,24041,71],{"class":70},[60,24043,12800],{"class":66},[60,24045,117],{"class":74},[60,24047,16814],{"class":120},[60,24049,8555],{"class":74},[60,24051,24052],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24053,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24055,24056,24058,24060,24062],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,24057,140],{"class":139},[60,24059,124],{"class":74},[60,24061,16814],{"class":120},[60,24063,133],{"class":74},[60,24065,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,24067,140],{"class":139},[60,24069,124],{"class":74},[60,24071,8006],{"class":1683},[60,24073,124],{"class":74},[60,24075,16814],{"class":120},[60,24077,1691],{"class":74},[20,24079,24080],{},[41,24081,404],{},[51,24083,24085],{"className":53,"code":24084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24086,24087,24109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24088,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24090,16905],{"class":120},[60,24092,1641],{"class":74},[60,24094,205],{"class":78},[60,24096,7580],{"class":82},[60,24098,205],{"class":78},[60,24100,88],{"class":74},[60,24102,214],{"class":78},[60,24104,9206],{"class":82},[60,24106,205],{"class":78},[60,24108,1646],{"class":74},[60,24110,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24112,3812],{"class":74},[60,24114,205],{"class":78},[60,24116,7580],{"class":82},[60,24118,205],{"class":78},[60,24120,88],{"class":74},[60,24122,214],{"class":78},[60,24124,9206],{"class":82},[60,24126,205],{"class":78},[60,24128,1525],{"class":74},[20,24130,243,24131,24133],{},[15,24132,16956],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[46,24135,250,24137,253],{"id":24136},"what-keys-does",[15,24138,16956],{},[20,24140,24141,24143],{},[15,24142,16956],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24145,11358],{},[260,24147,24148,24151,24154,24159],{},[263,24149,24150],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[263,24152,24153],{},"It does not need any arguments",[263,24155,17313,24156,24158],{},[15,24157,16905],{}," view object, not a list",[263,24160,24161],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24163,2127],{},[51,24165,24167],{"className":53,"code":24166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24168,24169,24205,24209,24223,24227,24249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24170,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24172,13095],{"class":66},[60,24174,71],{"class":70},[60,24176,75],{"class":74},[60,24178,79],{"class":78},[60,24180,7580],{"class":82},[60,24182,79],{"class":78},[60,24184,258],{"class":74},[60,24186,91],{"class":78},[60,24188,13112],{"class":82},[60,24190,79],{"class":78},[60,24192,88],{"class":74},[60,24194,91],{"class":78},[60,24196,9206],{"class":82},[60,24198,79],{"class":78},[60,24200,258],{"class":74},[60,24202,9213],{"class":357},[60,24204,108],{"class":74},[60,24206,24207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24208,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24210,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24212,140],{"class":139},[60,24214,124],{"class":74},[60,24216,17198],{"class":120},[60,24218,117],{"class":74},[60,24220,16814],{"class":120},[60,24222,7105],{"class":74},[60,24224,24225],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,24226,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24228,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,24230,17198],{"class":66},[60,24232,3812],{"class":74},[60,24234,79],{"class":78},[60,24236,10315],{"class":82},[60,24238,79],{"class":78},[60,24240,13164],{"class":74},[60,24242,13167],{"class":70},[60,24244,91],{"class":78},[60,24246,10322],{"class":82},[60,24248,3273],{"class":78},[60,24250,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,24252,140],{"class":139},[60,24254,124],{"class":74},[60,24256,17198],{"class":120},[60,24258,117],{"class":74},[60,24260,16814],{"class":120},[60,24262,7105],{"class":74},[20,24264,24265],{},[41,24266,404],{},[51,24268,24270],{"className":53,"code":24269,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24271,24272,24294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24273,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24275,16905],{"class":120},[60,24277,1641],{"class":74},[60,24279,205],{"class":78},[60,24281,7580],{"class":82},[60,24283,205],{"class":78},[60,24285,88],{"class":74},[60,24287,214],{"class":78},[60,24289,9206],{"class":82},[60,24291,205],{"class":78},[60,24293,1646],{"class":74},[60,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24297,16905],{"class":120},[60,24299,1641],{"class":74},[60,24301,205],{"class":78},[60,24303,7580],{"class":82},[60,24305,205],{"class":78},[60,24307,88],{"class":74},[60,24309,214],{"class":78},[60,24311,9206],{"class":82},[60,24313,205],{"class":78},[60,24315,88],{"class":74},[60,24317,214],{"class":78},[60,24319,10315],{"class":82},[60,24321,205],{"class":78},[60,24323,1646],{"class":74},[20,24325,24326],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[46,24328,5698],{"id":5697},[20,24330,24331],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[51,24333,24335],{"className":53,"code":24334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24336,24337,24389,24393,24407],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24338,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24340,1613],{"class":66},[60,24342,71],{"class":70},[60,24344,75],{"class":74},[60,24346,79],{"class":78},[60,24348,7580],{"class":82},[60,24350,79],{"class":78},[60,24352,258],{"class":74},[60,24354,91],{"class":78},[60,24356,12774],{"class":82},[60,24358,79],{"class":78},[60,24360,88],{"class":74},[60,24362,91],{"class":78},[60,24364,9206],{"class":82},[60,24366,79],{"class":78},[60,24368,258],{"class":74},[60,24370,7702],{"class":357},[60,24372,88],{"class":74},[60,24374,91],{"class":78},[60,24376,19780],{"class":82},[60,24378,79],{"class":78},[60,24380,258],{"class":74},[60,24382,91],{"class":78},[60,24384,22133],{"class":82},[60,24386,79],{"class":78},[60,24388,108],{"class":74},[60,24390,24391],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24392,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24394,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24396,140],{"class":139},[60,24398,124],{"class":74},[60,24400,1634],{"class":120},[60,24402,117],{"class":74},[60,24404,16814],{"class":120},[60,24406,7105],{"class":74},[60,24408,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,24410,140],{"class":139},[60,24412,124],{"class":74},[60,24414,8006],{"class":1683},[60,24416,124],{"class":74},[60,24418,1634],{"class":120},[60,24420,117],{"class":74},[60,24422,16814],{"class":120},[60,24424,6201],{"class":74},[20,24426,24427],{},[41,24428,404],{},[51,24430,24432],{"className":53,"code":24431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24433,24434,24464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24435,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24437,16905],{"class":120},[60,24439,1641],{"class":74},[60,24441,205],{"class":78},[60,24443,7580],{"class":82},[60,24445,205],{"class":78},[60,24447,88],{"class":74},[60,24449,214],{"class":78},[60,24451,9206],{"class":82},[60,24453,205],{"class":78},[60,24455,88],{"class":74},[60,24457,214],{"class":78},[60,24459,19780],{"class":82},[60,24461,205],{"class":78},[60,24463,1646],{"class":74},[60,24465,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24467,3812],{"class":74},[60,24469,205],{"class":78},[60,24471,7580],{"class":82},[60,24473,205],{"class":78},[60,24475,88],{"class":74},[60,24477,214],{"class":78},[60,24479,9206],{"class":82},[60,24481,205],{"class":78},[60,24483,88],{"class":74},[60,24485,214],{"class":78},[60,24487,19780],{"class":82},[60,24489,205],{"class":78},[60,24491,1525],{"class":74},[20,24493,24494],{},"This shows two things:",[260,24496,24497,24505],{},[263,24498,24499,21864,24502,24504],{},[15,24500,24501],{},"data.keys()",[15,24503,16905],{}," object",[263,24506,24507,24510],{},[15,24508,24509],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24512,9061,24513,117],{},[30,24514,24515],{"href":9297},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[46,24517,5341],{"id":5340},[20,24519,2079],{},[51,24521,24523],{"className":53,"code":24522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24524,24525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24526,24527,24529,24531,24533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24528,11349],{"class":66},[60,24530,117],{"class":74},[60,24532,16814],{"class":120},[60,24534,8555],{"class":74},[20,24536,21689],{},[260,24538,24539,24542,24545],{},[263,24540,24541],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[263,24543,24544],{},"It takes no parameters",[263,24546,24547],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24549,16546],{},[51,24551,24553],{"className":53,"code":24552,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24554,24555,24579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24556,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24558,12757],{"class":66},[60,24560,71],{"class":70},[60,24562,75],{"class":74},[60,24564,79],{"class":78},[60,24566,7580],{"class":82},[60,24568,79],{"class":78},[60,24570,258],{"class":74},[60,24572,91],{"class":78},[60,24574,12774],{"class":82},[60,24576,79],{"class":78},[60,24578,108],{"class":74},[60,24580,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24582,140],{"class":139},[60,24584,124],{"class":74},[60,24586,13517],{"class":120},[60,24588,117],{"class":74},[60,24590,16814],{"class":120},[60,24592,7105],{"class":74},[20,24594,24595],{},"Incorrect:",[51,24597,24599],{"className":53,"code":24598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24600,24601,24625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24602,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24604,12757],{"class":66},[60,24606,71],{"class":70},[60,24608,75],{"class":74},[60,24610,79],{"class":78},[60,24612,7580],{"class":82},[60,24614,79],{"class":78},[60,24616,258],{"class":74},[60,24618,91],{"class":78},[60,24620,12774],{"class":82},[60,24622,79],{"class":78},[60,24624,108],{"class":74},[60,24626,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24628,140],{"class":139},[60,24630,124],{"class":74},[60,24632,13517],{"class":120},[60,24634,117],{"class":74},[60,24636,16814],{"class":1723},[60,24638,133],{"class":74},[20,24640,24641],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[46,24643,17310],{"id":17309},[20,24645,24646,21864,24648,24650],{},[15,24647,16956],{},[15,24649,16905],{}," object.",[20,24652,24653],{},"This object:",[260,24655,24656,24659,24662,24668],{},[263,24657,24658],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[263,24660,24661],{},"can be used in a loop",[263,24663,24664,24665],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24666,24667],{},"list()",[263,24669,24670],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24672,2127],{},[51,24674,24676],{"className":53,"code":24675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24677,24678,24719,24723,24738,24742,24752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24679,24680,24683,24685,24687,24689,24692,24694,24696,24698,24701,24703,24705,24707,24710,24712,24714,24717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24681,24682],{"class":66},"car ",[60,24684,71],{"class":70},[60,24686,75],{"class":74},[60,24688,79],{"class":78},[60,24690,24691],{"class":82},"brand",[60,24693,79],{"class":78},[60,24695,258],{"class":74},[60,24697,91],{"class":78},[60,24699,24700],{"class":82},"Toyota",[60,24702,79],{"class":78},[60,24704,88],{"class":74},[60,24706,91],{"class":78},[60,24708,24709],{"class":82},"year",[60,24711,79],{"class":78},[60,24713,258],{"class":74},[60,24715,24716],{"class":357}," 2020",[60,24718,108],{"class":74},[60,24720,24721],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24722,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24724,24725,24727,24729,24732,24734,24736],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24726,688],{"class":66},[60,24728,71],{"class":70},[60,24730,24731],{"class":66}," car",[60,24733,117],{"class":74},[60,24735,16814],{"class":120},[60,24737,8555],{"class":74},[60,24739,24740],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,24741,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24743,24744,24746,24748,24750],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,24745,140],{"class":139},[60,24747,124],{"class":74},[60,24749,720],{"class":120},[60,24751,133],{"class":74},[60,24753,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,24755,140],{"class":139},[60,24757,124],{"class":74},[60,24759,1684],{"class":1683},[60,24761,124],{"class":74},[60,24763,720],{"class":120},[60,24765,1691],{"class":74},[20,24767,24768],{},[41,24769,404],{},[51,24771,24773],{"className":53,"code":24772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24774,24775,24797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24776,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24778,16905],{"class":120},[60,24780,1641],{"class":74},[60,24782,205],{"class":78},[60,24784,24691],{"class":82},[60,24786,205],{"class":78},[60,24788,88],{"class":74},[60,24790,214],{"class":78},[60,24792,24709],{"class":82},[60,24794,205],{"class":78},[60,24796,1646],{"class":74},[60,24798,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24800,3205],{"class":70},[60,24802,3208],{"class":1984},[60,24804,214],{"class":78},[60,24806,16905],{"class":82},[60,24808,205],{"class":78},[60,24810,3217],{"class":70},[20,24812,24813,24814,24818,24819,117],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[30,24815,10641,24816,1818],{"href":16959},[15,24817,16962],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[30,24820,10641,24821,1818],{"href":16966},[15,24822,16969],{},[46,24824,24826],{"id":24825},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24828,24829],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[51,24831,24833],{"className":53,"code":24832,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24834,24835,24888,24892,24908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24836,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24884,24886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24838,12757],{"class":66},[60,24840,71],{"class":70},[60,24842,75],{"class":74},[60,24844,79],{"class":78},[60,24846,7580],{"class":82},[60,24848,79],{"class":78},[60,24850,258],{"class":74},[60,24852,91],{"class":78},[60,24854,12774],{"class":82},[60,24856,79],{"class":78},[60,24858,88],{"class":74},[60,24860,91],{"class":78},[60,24862,9206],{"class":82},[60,24864,79],{"class":78},[60,24866,258],{"class":74},[60,24868,7702],{"class":357},[60,24870,88],{"class":74},[60,24872,91],{"class":78},[60,24874,15220],{"class":82},[60,24876,79],{"class":78},[60,24878,258],{"class":74},[60,24880,91],{"class":78},[60,24882,24883],{"class":82},"Math",[60,24885,79],{"class":78},[60,24887,108],{"class":74},[60,24889,24890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24891,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,24893,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24895,5869],{"class":1153},[60,24897,18099],{"class":66},[60,24899,1703],{"class":1153},[60,24901,12800],{"class":66},[60,24903,117],{"class":74},[60,24905,16814],{"class":120},[60,24907,21484],{"class":74},[60,24909,24910,24912,24914,24916],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,24911,7981],{"class":139},[60,24913,124],{"class":74},[60,24915,14732],{"class":120},[60,24917,133],{"class":74},[20,24919,24920],{},[41,24921,404],{},[51,24923,24925],{"className":53,"code":24924,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24926,24927,24932,24937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24928,24929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24930,24931],{"class":66},"name\n",[60,24933,24934],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24935,24936],{"class":66},"age\n",[60,24938,24939],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,24940,24941],{"class":66},"course\n",[20,24943,24944],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[51,24946,24948],{"className":53,"code":24947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24949,24950,24962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24951,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24953,5869],{"class":1153},[60,24955,18099],{"class":66},[60,24957,1703],{"class":1153},[60,24959,12800],{"class":66},[60,24961,1168],{"class":74},[60,24963,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24965,7981],{"class":139},[60,24967,124],{"class":74},[60,24969,14732],{"class":120},[60,24971,133],{"class":74},[20,24973,24974,24975,24978],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24976,24977],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[46,24980,1220,24982],{"id":24981},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24983,16956],{},[20,24985,243,24986,1227],{},[15,24987,16956],{},[260,24989,24990,24993,24996],{},[263,24991,24992],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[263,24994,24995],{},"you want to display available fields",[263,24997,24998],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25000,2127],{},[51,25002,25004],{"className":53,"code":25003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25005,25006,25059,25063,25078,25095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25007,25008,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25028,25030,25032,25034,25037,25039,25041,25044,25046,25048,25051,25053,25055,25057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25009,25010],{"class":66},"product ",[60,25012,71],{"class":70},[60,25014,75],{"class":74},[60,25016,79],{"class":78},[60,25018,7580],{"class":82},[60,25020,79],{"class":78},[60,25022,258],{"class":74},[60,25024,91],{"class":78},[60,25026,25027],{"class":82},"Book",[60,25029,79],{"class":78},[60,25031,88],{"class":74},[60,25033,91],{"class":78},[60,25035,25036],{"class":82},"price",[60,25038,79],{"class":78},[60,25040,258],{"class":74},[60,25042,25043],{"class":357}," 12.99",[60,25045,88],{"class":74},[60,25047,91],{"class":78},[60,25049,25050],{"class":82},"stock",[60,25052,79],{"class":78},[60,25054,258],{"class":74},[60,25056,4516],{"class":357},[60,25058,108],{"class":74},[60,25060,25061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25062,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,25064,25065,25067,25069,25071,25074,25076],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25066,140],{"class":139},[60,25068,124],{"class":74},[60,25070,79],{"class":78},[60,25072,25073],{"class":82},"Available fields:",[60,25075,79],{"class":78},[60,25077,133],{"class":74},[60,25079,25080,25082,25084,25086,25089,25091,25093],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25081,5869],{"class":1153},[60,25083,18099],{"class":66},[60,25085,1703],{"class":1153},[60,25087,25088],{"class":66}," product",[60,25090,117],{"class":74},[60,25092,16814],{"class":120},[60,25094,21484],{"class":74},[60,25096,25097,25099,25101,25103],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,25098,7981],{"class":139},[60,25100,124],{"class":74},[60,25102,14732],{"class":120},[60,25104,133],{"class":74},[20,25106,25107],{},[41,25108,404],{},[51,25110,25112],{"className":53,"code":25111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25113,25114,25121,25125,25130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25115,25116,25119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25117,25118],{"class":66},"Available fields",[60,25120,1168],{"class":74},[60,25122,25123],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25124,24931],{"class":66},[60,25126,25127],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25128,25129],{"class":66},"price\n",[60,25131,25132],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25133,25134],{"class":66},"stock\n",[20,25136,25137],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[51,25139,25141],{"className":53,"code":25140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25142,25143,25179,25183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25144,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25146,25010],{"class":66},[60,25148,71],{"class":70},[60,25150,75],{"class":74},[60,25152,79],{"class":78},[60,25154,7580],{"class":82},[60,25156,79],{"class":78},[60,25158,258],{"class":74},[60,25160,91],{"class":78},[60,25162,25027],{"class":82},[60,25164,79],{"class":78},[60,25166,88],{"class":74},[60,25168,91],{"class":78},[60,25170,25036],{"class":82},[60,25172,79],{"class":78},[60,25174,258],{"class":74},[60,25176,25043],{"class":357},[60,25178,108],{"class":74},[60,25180,25181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25182,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25186,140],{"class":139},[60,25188,124],{"class":74},[60,25190,79],{"class":78},[60,25192,7580],{"class":82},[60,25194,79],{"class":78},[60,25196,1163],{"class":1153},[60,25198,25088],{"class":120},[60,25200,117],{"class":74},[60,25202,16814],{"class":120},[60,25204,7105],{"class":74},[20,25206,25207,25208,117],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25209,3520],{},[20,25211,25212],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[51,25214,25216],{"className":53,"code":25215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25217,25218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25219,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25221,140],{"class":139},[60,25223,124],{"class":74},[60,25225,79],{"class":78},[60,25227,7580],{"class":82},[60,25229,79],{"class":78},[60,25231,1163],{"class":1153},[60,25233,25088],{"class":120},[60,25235,133],{"class":74},[20,25237,25238,25239,117],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[30,25240,21095],{"href":17044},[46,25242,25244],{"id":25243},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25246,25247,25248,117],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25249,16956],{},[337,25251,1254,25253,25255],{"id":25252},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25254,16956],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25257,25258,25260],{},[15,25259,16956],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25262,2127],{},[51,25264,25266],{"className":53,"code":25265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25267,25268,25304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25269,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25271,1613],{"class":66},[60,25273,71],{"class":70},[60,25275,75],{"class":74},[60,25277,79],{"class":78},[60,25279,7580],{"class":82},[60,25281,79],{"class":78},[60,25283,258],{"class":74},[60,25285,91],{"class":78},[60,25287,12774],{"class":82},[60,25289,79],{"class":78},[60,25291,88],{"class":74},[60,25293,91],{"class":78},[60,25295,9206],{"class":82},[60,25297,79],{"class":78},[60,25299,258],{"class":74},[60,25301,7702],{"class":357},[60,25303,108],{"class":74},[60,25305,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25307,140],{"class":139},[60,25309,124],{"class":74},[60,25311,1634],{"class":120},[60,25313,117],{"class":74},[60,25315,16814],{"class":120},[60,25317,7105],{"class":74},[20,25319,25320],{},[41,25321,404],{},[51,25323,25325],{"className":53,"code":25324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25326,25327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25328,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25330,16905],{"class":120},[60,25332,1641],{"class":74},[60,25334,205],{"class":78},[60,25336,7580],{"class":82},[60,25338,205],{"class":78},[60,25340,88],{"class":74},[60,25342,214],{"class":78},[60,25344,9206],{"class":82},[60,25346,205],{"class":78},[60,25348,1646],{"class":74},[20,25350,25351,25352,117],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[30,25353,25354],{"href":16966},[15,25355,16969],{},[337,25357,25359,25360],{"id":25358},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25361,16905],{},[20,25363,25364],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[51,25366,25368],{"className":53,"code":25367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25369,25370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25371,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25373,3812],{"class":74},[60,25375,205],{"class":78},[60,25377,7580],{"class":82},[60,25379,205],{"class":78},[60,25381,88],{"class":74},[60,25383,214],{"class":78},[60,25385,9206],{"class":82},[60,25387,205],{"class":78},[60,25389,1525],{"class":74},[20,25391,25392,25393,25395],{},"But ",[15,25394,16956],{}," returns:",[51,25397,25398],{"className":53,"code":25324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,25399,25400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25403,16905],{"class":120},[60,25405,1641],{"class":74},[60,25407,205],{"class":78},[60,25409,7580],{"class":82},[60,25411,205],{"class":78},[60,25413,88],{"class":74},[60,25415,214],{"class":78},[60,25417,9206],{"class":82},[60,25419,205],{"class":78},[60,25421,1646],{"class":74},[20,25423,25424],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[51,25426,25428],{"className":53,"code":25427,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25429,25430,25466,25485,25489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25431,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25433,1613],{"class":66},[60,25435,71],{"class":70},[60,25437,75],{"class":74},[60,25439,79],{"class":78},[60,25441,7580],{"class":82},[60,25443,79],{"class":78},[60,25445,258],{"class":74},[60,25447,91],{"class":78},[60,25449,12774],{"class":82},[60,25451,79],{"class":78},[60,25453,88],{"class":74},[60,25455,91],{"class":78},[60,25457,9206],{"class":82},[60,25459,79],{"class":78},[60,25461,258],{"class":74},[60,25463,7702],{"class":357},[60,25465,108],{"class":74},[60,25467,25468,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25469,25470],{"class":66},"key_list ",[60,25472,71],{"class":70},[60,25474,22446],{"class":1683},[60,25476,124],{"class":74},[60,25478,1634],{"class":120},[60,25480,117],{"class":74},[60,25482,16814],{"class":120},[60,25484,7105],{"class":74},[60,25486,25487],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25488,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,25490,25491,25493,25495,25498],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25492,140],{"class":139},[60,25494,124],{"class":74},[60,25496,25497],{"class":120},"key_list",[60,25499,133],{"class":74},[337,25501,1487,25503,25505],{"id":25502},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string",[15,25504,16956],{}," on a list or string",[20,25507,25508,25510],{},[15,25509,16956],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25512,1603],{},[51,25514,25516],{"className":53,"code":25515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25517,25518,25538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25519,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25521,350],{"class":66},[60,25523,71],{"class":70},[60,25525,1512],{"class":74},[60,25527,358],{"class":357},[60,25529,88],{"class":74},[60,25531,363],{"class":357},[60,25533,88],{"class":74},[60,25535,368],{"class":357},[60,25537,1525],{"class":74},[60,25539,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25541,140],{"class":139},[60,25543,124],{"class":74},[60,25545,380],{"class":120},[60,25547,117],{"class":74},[60,25549,16814],{"class":120},[60,25551,7105],{"class":74},[20,25553,25554,25555,25558,25559,25561,25562,117],{},"You may get an ",[15,25556,25557],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25560,16956],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[30,25563,25565,25566,25569],{"href":25564},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25567,25568],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[337,25571,25573],{"id":25572},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25575,25576],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[51,25578,25580],{"className":53,"code":25579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25581,25582,25606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25583,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25585,1613],{"class":66},[60,25587,71],{"class":70},[60,25589,75],{"class":74},[60,25591,79],{"class":78},[60,25593,7580],{"class":82},[60,25595,79],{"class":78},[60,25597,258],{"class":74},[60,25599,91],{"class":78},[60,25601,12774],{"class":82},[60,25603,79],{"class":78},[60,25605,108],{"class":74},[60,25607,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25609,140],{"class":139},[60,25611,124],{"class":74},[60,25613,1634],{"class":120},[60,25615,117],{"class":74},[60,25617,16814],{"class":1723},[60,25619,133],{"class":74},[20,25621,25622],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25624,18585],{},[51,25626,25628],{"className":53,"code":25627,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25629,25630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25631,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25633,140],{"class":139},[60,25635,124],{"class":74},[60,25637,1634],{"class":120},[60,25639,117],{"class":74},[60,25641,16814],{"class":120},[60,25643,7105],{"class":74},[46,25645,1245],{"id":1244},[20,25647,25648,25649,258],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25650,16956],{},[260,25652,25653,25658,25664,25670],{},[263,25654,8331,25655,25657],{},[15,25656,16956],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[263,25659,25660,25661,25663],{},"Thinking ",[15,25662,16956],{}," returns values too",[263,25665,25666,25667,25669],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25668,16905],{}," like a normal list",[263,25671,25672,25673,25675],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25674,16905],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25677,25678],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[51,25680,25682],{"className":53,"code":25681,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25683,25684,25716,25730,25734,25744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25685,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25687,1613],{"class":66},[60,25689,71],{"class":70},[60,25691,75],{"class":74},[60,25693,79],{"class":78},[60,25695,30],{"class":82},[60,25697,79],{"class":78},[60,25699,258],{"class":74},[60,25701,5408],{"class":357},[60,25703,88],{"class":74},[60,25705,91],{"class":78},[60,25707,1428],{"class":82},[60,25709,79],{"class":78},[60,25711,258],{"class":74},[60,25713,363],{"class":357},[60,25715,108],{"class":74},[60,25717,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25719,17133],{"class":66},[60,25721,71],{"class":70},[60,25723,14457],{"class":66},[60,25725,117],{"class":74},[60,25727,16814],{"class":120},[60,25729,8555],{"class":74},[60,25731,25732],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25733,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,25735,25736,25738,25740,25742],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25737,140],{"class":139},[60,25739,124],{"class":74},[60,25741,16814],{"class":120},[60,25743,133],{"class":74},[60,25745,25746],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,25747,25748],{"class":177},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25750,25751],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[51,25753,25755],{"className":53,"code":25754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25756,25757,25789,25807,25811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25758,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25760,1613],{"class":66},[60,25762,71],{"class":70},[60,25764,75],{"class":74},[60,25766,79],{"class":78},[60,25768,30],{"class":82},[60,25770,79],{"class":78},[60,25772,258],{"class":74},[60,25774,5408],{"class":357},[60,25776,88],{"class":74},[60,25778,91],{"class":78},[60,25780,1428],{"class":82},[60,25782,79],{"class":78},[60,25784,258],{"class":74},[60,25786,363],{"class":357},[60,25788,108],{"class":74},[60,25790,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25792,17133],{"class":66},[60,25794,71],{"class":70},[60,25796,22446],{"class":1683},[60,25798,124],{"class":74},[60,25800,1634],{"class":120},[60,25802,117],{"class":74},[60,25804,16814],{"class":120},[60,25806,7105],{"class":74},[60,25808,25809],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25810,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,25812,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25814,140],{"class":139},[60,25816,124],{"class":74},[60,25818,16814],{"class":120},[60,25820,3812],{"class":74},[60,25822,2039],{"class":357},[60,25824,1646],{"class":74},[46,25826,25828],{"id":25827},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25830,11015],{},[51,25832,25834],{"className":53,"code":25833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25835,25836,25850,25860,25874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25837,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25839,140],{"class":139},[60,25841,124],{"class":74},[60,25843,1684],{"class":1683},[60,25845,124],{"class":74},[60,25847,11349],{"class":120},[60,25849,1691],{"class":74},[60,25851,25852,25854,25856,25858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25853,140],{"class":139},[60,25855,124],{"class":74},[60,25857,11349],{"class":120},[60,25859,133],{"class":74},[60,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,25863,140],{"class":139},[60,25865,124],{"class":74},[60,25867,11349],{"class":120},[60,25869,117],{"class":74},[60,25871,16814],{"class":120},[60,25873,7105],{"class":74},[60,25875,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,25877,140],{"class":139},[60,25879,124],{"class":74},[60,25881,8006],{"class":1683},[60,25883,124],{"class":74},[60,25885,11349],{"class":120},[60,25887,117],{"class":74},[60,25889,16814],{"class":120},[60,25891,6201],{"class":74},[20,25893,25894],{},"These help you confirm:",[260,25896,25897,25900,25903,25908],{},[263,25898,25899],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[263,25901,25902],{},"what data it contains",[263,25904,25905,25906,11600],{},"what ",[15,25907,16956],{},[263,25909,25910],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[46,25912,1746],{"id":1745},[337,25914,23805,25916,5055],{"id":25915},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25917,16956],{},[20,25919,17313,25920,25922],{},[15,25921,16905],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[337,25924,14794,25926,25929],{"id":25925},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25927,25928],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25931,25932,25933,25935,25936,117],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25934,16905],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25937,25938],{},"list(dict.keys())",[337,25940,25942,25943,1779],{"id":25941},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25944,25928],{},[20,25946,25947,25948,25950],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25949,5869],{}," loop.",[337,25952,25954,25955,25957],{"id":25953},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25956,16956],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25959,25960,25961,25963],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25962,16956],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[337,25965,25967],{"id":25966},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25969,243,25970,117],{},[15,25971,25972],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[46,25974,1808],{"id":1807},[260,25976,25977,25982,25988,25994,26000,26004],{},[263,25978,25979],{},[30,25980,25981],{"href":9297},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[263,25983,25984],{},[30,25985,10641,25986,1818],{"href":16959},[15,25987,16962],{},[263,25989,25990],{},[30,25991,10641,25992,1818],{"href":16966},[15,25993,16969],{},[263,25995,25996],{},[30,25997,25999],{"href":25998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[263,26001,26002],{},[30,26003,17045],{"href":17044},[263,26005,26006],{},[30,26007,26008,26009,25569],{"href":25564},"How to fix ",[15,26010,25568],{},[1841,26012,26013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":26015},[26016,26017,26019,26020,26021,26022,26023,26025,26034,26035,26036,26047],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":24136,"depth":111,"text":26018},"What keys() does",{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":24825,"depth":111,"text":24826},{"id":24981,"depth":111,"text":26024},"When to use keys()",{"id":25243,"depth":111,"text":25244,"children":26026},[26027,26029,26031,26033],{"id":25252,"depth":136,"text":26028},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25358,"depth":136,"text":26030},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25502,"depth":136,"text":26032},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25572,"depth":136,"text":25573},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":25827,"depth":111,"text":25828},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":26037},[26038,26040,26042,26044,26046],{"id":25915,"depth":136,"text":26039},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25925,"depth":136,"text":26041},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25941,"depth":136,"text":26043},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25953,"depth":136,"text":26045},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25966,"depth":136,"text":25967},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23958,"description":26048},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26054,"title":26055,"body":26056,"description":28327,"extension":1883,"meta":28328,"navigation":152,"path":28329,"seo":28330,"stem":28331,"__hash__":28332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26057,"toc":28280},[26058,26063,26068,26071,26073,26219,26232,26237,26241,26255,26257,26360,26369,26371,26374,26412,26436,26438,26545,26547,26554,26557,26565,26567,26708,26716,26721,26725,26736,26738,26900,26903,26911,26918,26924,27021,27027,27104,27107,27119,27124,27130,27133,27137,27226,27229,27233,27337,27344,27431,27440,27442,27447,27453,27456,27502,27505,27571,27580,27586,27679,27685,27691,27734,27737,27802,27808,27900,27903,27907,27913,27938,27941,28037,28044,28046,28051,28142,28144,28172,28177,28179,28186,28189,28193,28203,28208,28211,28217,28227,28234,28242,28244,28277],[10,26059,11219,26061,18],{"id":26060},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26062,462],{},[20,26064,26065,26067],{},[15,26066,12464],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26069,26070],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[46,26072,3525],{"id":3524},[51,26074,26076],{"className":53,"code":26075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26077,26078,26114,26138,26152,26165,26169,26174,26206],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26079,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26081,13095],{"class":66},[60,26083,71],{"class":70},[60,26085,75],{"class":74},[60,26087,79],{"class":78},[60,26089,7580],{"class":82},[60,26091,79],{"class":78},[60,26093,258],{"class":74},[60,26095,91],{"class":78},[60,26097,12774],{"class":82},[60,26099,79],{"class":78},[60,26101,88],{"class":74},[60,26103,91],{"class":78},[60,26105,9206],{"class":82},[60,26107,79],{"class":78},[60,26109,258],{"class":74},[60,26111,9213],{"class":357},[60,26113,108],{"class":74},[60,26115,26116,26119,26121,26123,26125,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26117,26118],{"class":66},"removed_age ",[60,26120,71],{"class":70},[60,26122,13138],{"class":66},[60,26124,117],{"class":74},[60,26126,26127],{"class":120},"pop",[60,26129,124],{"class":74},[60,26131,79],{"class":78},[60,26133,9206],{"class":82},[60,26135,79],{"class":78},[60,26137,133],{"class":74},[60,26139,26140,26142,26144,26147,26149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26141,140],{"class":139},[60,26143,124],{"class":74},[60,26145,26146],{"class":120},"removed_age",[60,26148,174],{"class":74},[60,26150,26151],{"class":177},"   # 25\n",[60,26153,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26155,140],{"class":139},[60,26157,124],{"class":74},[60,26159,17198],{"class":120},[60,26161,174],{"class":74},[60,26163,26164],{"class":177},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[60,26166,26167],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26168,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26170,26171],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,26172,26173],{"class":177},"# Safe version with default value\n",[60,26175,26176,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26202,26204],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,26177,26178],{"class":66},"country ",[60,26180,71],{"class":70},[60,26182,13138],{"class":66},[60,26184,117],{"class":74},[60,26186,26127],{"class":120},[60,26188,124],{"class":74},[60,26190,79],{"class":78},[60,26192,15153],{"class":82},[60,26194,79],{"class":78},[60,26196,88],{"class":74},[60,26198,91],{"class":78},[60,26200,26201],{"class":82},"Not found",[60,26203,79],{"class":78},[60,26205,133],{"class":74},[60,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,26209,140],{"class":139},[60,26211,124],{"class":74},[60,26213,15153],{"class":120},[60,26215,174],{"class":74},[60,26217,26218],{"class":177},"       # Not found\n",[20,26220,243,26221,26224,26225,26228,26229,26231],{},[15,26222,26223],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26226,26227],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26230,453],{}," when the key might not exist.",[46,26233,250,26235,253],{"id":26234},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26236,12464],{},[20,26238,26239,258],{},[15,26240,12464],{},[260,26242,26243,26246,26249,26252],{},[263,26244,26245],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[263,26247,26248],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[263,26250,26251],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[263,26253,26254],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26256,2127],{},[51,26258,26260],{"className":53,"code":26259,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26261,26262,26302,26306,26329,26333,26347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26263,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26265,11386],{"class":66},[60,26267,71],{"class":70},[60,26269,75],{"class":74},[60,26271,79],{"class":78},[60,26273,7580],{"class":82},[60,26275,79],{"class":78},[60,26277,258],{"class":74},[60,26279,91],{"class":78},[60,26281,13112],{"class":82},[60,26283,79],{"class":78},[60,26285,88],{"class":74},[60,26287,91],{"class":78},[60,26289,10315],{"class":82},[60,26291,79],{"class":78},[60,26293,258],{"class":74},[60,26295,91],{"class":78},[60,26297,10322],{"class":82},[60,26299,79],{"class":78},[60,26301,108],{"class":74},[60,26303,26304],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26305,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26307,26308,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26309,26310],{"class":66},"removed_city ",[60,26312,71],{"class":70},[60,26314,11468],{"class":66},[60,26316,117],{"class":74},[60,26318,26127],{"class":120},[60,26320,124],{"class":74},[60,26322,79],{"class":78},[60,26324,10315],{"class":82},[60,26326,79],{"class":78},[60,26328,133],{"class":74},[60,26330,26331],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26332,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26334,26335,26337,26339,26342,26344],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26336,140],{"class":139},[60,26338,124],{"class":74},[60,26340,26341],{"class":120},"removed_city",[60,26343,174],{"class":74},[60,26345,26346],{"class":177},"  # Paris\n",[60,26348,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,26350,140],{"class":139},[60,26352,124],{"class":74},[60,26354,11479],{"class":120},[60,26356,174],{"class":74},[60,26358,26359],{"class":177},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26361,20660,26362,26365,26366,117],{},[15,26363,26364],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26367,26368],{},"\"Paris\"",[46,26370,296],{"id":295},[20,26372,26373],{},"There are two common forms:",[51,26375,26377],{"className":53,"code":26376,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26378,26379,26393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26380,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26382,11349],{"class":66},[60,26384,117],{"class":74},[60,26386,26127],{"class":120},[60,26388,124],{"class":74},[60,26390,14732],{"class":120},[60,26392,133],{"class":74},[60,26394,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26396,11349],{"class":66},[60,26398,117],{"class":74},[60,26400,26127],{"class":120},[60,26402,124],{"class":74},[60,26404,14732],{"class":120},[60,26406,88],{"class":74},[60,26408,26409],{"class":120}," default",[60,26411,133],{"class":74},[260,26413,26414,26420,26427,26433],{},[263,26415,26416,26419],{},[15,26417,26418],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[263,26421,26422,1785,26424,26426],{},[15,26423,26418],{},[15,26425,453],{}," if the key is missing",[263,26428,26429,26432],{},[15,26430,26431],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[263,26434,26435],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26437,2127],{},[51,26439,26441],{"className":53,"code":26440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26442,26443,26475,26479,26504,26532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26444,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26446,4974],{"class":66},[60,26448,71],{"class":70},[60,26450,75],{"class":74},[60,26452,79],{"class":78},[60,26454,18307],{"class":82},[60,26456,79],{"class":78},[60,26458,258],{"class":74},[60,26460,19787],{"class":357},[60,26462,88],{"class":74},[60,26464,91],{"class":78},[60,26466,18316],{"class":82},[60,26468,79],{"class":78},[60,26470,258],{"class":74},[60,26472,13398],{"class":357},[60,26474,108],{"class":74},[60,26476,26477],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26478,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26480,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26482,140],{"class":139},[60,26484,124],{"class":74},[60,26486,16280],{"class":120},[60,26488,117],{"class":74},[60,26490,26127],{"class":120},[60,26492,124],{"class":74},[60,26494,79],{"class":78},[60,26496,18307],{"class":82},[60,26498,79],{"class":78},[60,26500,5271],{"class":74},[60,26502,26503],{"class":177},"         # 90\n",[60,26505,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26507,140],{"class":139},[60,26509,124],{"class":74},[60,26511,16280],{"class":120},[60,26513,117],{"class":74},[60,26515,26127],{"class":120},[60,26517,124],{"class":74},[60,26519,79],{"class":78},[60,26521,18325],{"class":82},[60,26523,79],{"class":78},[60,26525,88],{"class":74},[60,26527,3747],{"class":357},[60,26529,5271],{"class":74},[60,26531,20657],{"class":177},[60,26533,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26535,140],{"class":139},[60,26537,124],{"class":74},[60,26539,16280],{"class":120},[60,26541,174],{"class":74},[60,26543,26544],{"class":177},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[46,26546,17310],{"id":17309},[20,26548,26549,39,26551,26553],{},[15,26550,462],{},[41,26552,43],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26555,26556],{},"Instead, it returns:",[260,26558,26559,26562],{},[263,26560,26561],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[263,26563,26564],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26566,2127],{},[51,26568,26570],{"className":53,"code":26569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26571,26572,26604,26608,26631,26663,26667,26681,26695],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26573,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26575,1613],{"class":66},[60,26577,71],{"class":70},[60,26579,75],{"class":74},[60,26581,79],{"class":78},[60,26583,30],{"class":82},[60,26585,79],{"class":78},[60,26587,258],{"class":74},[60,26589,5916],{"class":357},[60,26591,88],{"class":74},[60,26593,91],{"class":78},[60,26595,1428],{"class":82},[60,26597,79],{"class":78},[60,26599,258],{"class":74},[60,26601,7702],{"class":357},[60,26603,108],{"class":74},[60,26605,26606],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26607,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26609,26610,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26611,26612],{"class":66},"result1 ",[60,26614,71],{"class":70},[60,26616,14457],{"class":66},[60,26618,117],{"class":74},[60,26620,26127],{"class":120},[60,26622,124],{"class":74},[60,26624,79],{"class":78},[60,26626,30],{"class":82},[60,26628,79],{"class":78},[60,26630,133],{"class":74},[60,26632,26633,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26659,26661],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26634,26635],{"class":66},"result2 ",[60,26637,71],{"class":70},[60,26639,14457],{"class":66},[60,26641,117],{"class":74},[60,26643,26127],{"class":120},[60,26645,124],{"class":74},[60,26647,79],{"class":78},[60,26649,1437],{"class":82},[60,26651,79],{"class":78},[60,26653,88],{"class":74},[60,26655,91],{"class":78},[60,26657,26658],{"class":82},"missing",[60,26660,79],{"class":78},[60,26662,133],{"class":74},[60,26664,26665],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26666,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26668,26669,26671,26673,26676,26678],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,26670,140],{"class":139},[60,26672,124],{"class":74},[60,26674,26675],{"class":120},"result1",[60,26677,174],{"class":74},[60,26679,26680],{"class":177},"  # 10\n",[60,26682,26683,26685,26687,26690,26692],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,26684,140],{"class":139},[60,26686,124],{"class":74},[60,26688,26689],{"class":120},"result2",[60,26691,174],{"class":74},[60,26693,26694],{"class":177},"  # missing\n",[60,26696,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,26698,140],{"class":139},[60,26700,124],{"class":74},[60,26702,1634],{"class":120},[60,26704,174],{"class":74},[60,26706,26707],{"class":177},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26709,26710,26711,6542],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[30,26712,26713],{"href":10640},[15,26714,26715],{},"dict.get()",[46,26717,1220,26719],{"id":26718},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26720,462],{},[20,26722,243,26723,1227],{},[15,26724,462],{},[260,26726,26727,26730,26733],{},[263,26728,26729],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[263,26731,26732],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[263,26734,26735],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26737,2127],{},[51,26739,26741],{"className":53,"code":26740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26742,26743,26795,26799,26826,26830,26854,26858,26872,26886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26779,26781,26783,26786,26788,26790,26793],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26746,25010],{"class":66},[60,26748,71],{"class":70},[60,26750,75],{"class":74},[60,26752,79],{"class":78},[60,26754,7580],{"class":82},[60,26756,79],{"class":78},[60,26758,258],{"class":74},[60,26760,91],{"class":78},[60,26762,26763],{"class":82},"Laptop",[60,26765,79],{"class":78},[60,26767,88],{"class":74},[60,26769,91],{"class":78},[60,26771,25036],{"class":82},[60,26773,79],{"class":78},[60,26775,258],{"class":74},[60,26777,26778],{"class":357}," 1200",[60,26780,88],{"class":74},[60,26782,91],{"class":78},[60,26784,26785],{"class":82},"discount",[60,26787,79],{"class":78},[60,26789,258],{"class":74},[60,26791,26792],{"class":357}," 200",[60,26794,108],{"class":74},[60,26796,26797],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26798,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26800,26801,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26802,26803],{"class":66},"discount_amount ",[60,26805,71],{"class":70},[60,26807,25088],{"class":66},[60,26809,117],{"class":74},[60,26811,26127],{"class":120},[60,26813,124],{"class":74},[60,26815,79],{"class":78},[60,26817,26785],{"class":82},[60,26819,79],{"class":78},[60,26821,88],{"class":74},[60,26823,3747],{"class":357},[60,26825,133],{"class":74},[60,26827,26828],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26829,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26831,26832,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26833,26834],{"class":66},"final_price ",[60,26836,71],{"class":70},[60,26838,25088],{"class":66},[60,26840,3812],{"class":74},[60,26842,79],{"class":78},[60,26844,25036],{"class":82},[60,26846,79],{"class":78},[60,26848,13164],{"class":74},[60,26850,2142],{"class":70},[60,26852,26853],{"class":66}," discount_amount\n",[60,26855,26856],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,26857,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26859,26860,26862,26864,26867,26869],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,26861,140],{"class":139},[60,26863,124],{"class":74},[60,26865,26866],{"class":120},"discount_amount",[60,26868,174],{"class":74},[60,26870,26871],{"class":177},"  # 200\n",[60,26873,26874,26876,26878,26881,26883],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,26875,140],{"class":139},[60,26877,124],{"class":74},[60,26879,26880],{"class":120},"final_price",[60,26882,174],{"class":74},[60,26884,26885],{"class":177},"      # 1000\n",[60,26887,26888,26890,26892,26895,26897],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,26889,140],{"class":139},[60,26891,124],{"class":74},[60,26893,26894],{"class":120},"product",[60,26896,174],{"class":74},[60,26898,26899],{"class":177},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26901,26902],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[46,26904,26906,474,26908],{"id":26905},"pop-vs-del",[15,26907,462],{},[15,26909,26910],{},"del",[20,26912,10495,26913,1776,26915,26917],{},[15,26914,462],{},[15,26916,26910],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[337,26919,243,26921,26923],{"id":26920},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26922,462],{}," when you need the removed value",[51,26925,26927],{"className":53,"code":26926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26928,26929,26965,26969,26991,26995,27008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26930,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26932,13095],{"class":66},[60,26934,71],{"class":70},[60,26936,75],{"class":74},[60,26938,79],{"class":78},[60,26940,7580],{"class":82},[60,26942,79],{"class":78},[60,26944,258],{"class":74},[60,26946,91],{"class":78},[60,26948,12774],{"class":82},[60,26950,79],{"class":78},[60,26952,88],{"class":74},[60,26954,91],{"class":78},[60,26956,9206],{"class":82},[60,26958,79],{"class":78},[60,26960,258],{"class":74},[60,26962,9213],{"class":357},[60,26964,108],{"class":74},[60,26966,26967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26968,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26970,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,26972,21517],{"class":66},[60,26974,71],{"class":70},[60,26976,13138],{"class":66},[60,26978,117],{"class":74},[60,26980,26127],{"class":120},[60,26982,124],{"class":74},[60,26984,79],{"class":78},[60,26986,9206],{"class":82},[60,26988,79],{"class":78},[60,26990,133],{"class":74},[60,26992,26993],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,26994,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,26996,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,26998,140],{"class":139},[60,27000,124],{"class":74},[60,27002,9206],{"class":120},[60,27004,174],{"class":74},[60,27006,27007],{"class":177},"     # 25\n",[60,27009,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27011,140],{"class":139},[60,27013,124],{"class":74},[60,27015,17198],{"class":120},[60,27017,174],{"class":74},[60,27019,27020],{"class":177},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[337,27022,243,27024,27026],{"id":27023},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27025,26910],{}," when you only want deletion",[51,27028,27030],{"className":53,"code":27029,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27031,27032,27068,27072,27088,27092],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27033,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27035,13095],{"class":66},[60,27037,71],{"class":70},[60,27039,75],{"class":74},[60,27041,79],{"class":78},[60,27043,7580],{"class":82},[60,27045,79],{"class":78},[60,27047,258],{"class":74},[60,27049,91],{"class":78},[60,27051,12774],{"class":82},[60,27053,79],{"class":78},[60,27055,88],{"class":74},[60,27057,91],{"class":78},[60,27059,9206],{"class":82},[60,27061,79],{"class":78},[60,27063,258],{"class":74},[60,27065,9213],{"class":357},[60,27067,108],{"class":74},[60,27069,27070],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27071,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27073,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27075,26910],{"class":1153},[60,27077,13138],{"class":66},[60,27079,3812],{"class":74},[60,27081,79],{"class":78},[60,27083,9206],{"class":82},[60,27085,79],{"class":78},[60,27087,1525],{"class":74},[60,27089,27090],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27091,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27093,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27095,140],{"class":139},[60,27097,124],{"class":74},[60,27099,17198],{"class":120},[60,27101,174],{"class":74},[60,27103,27020],{"class":177},[20,27105,27106],{},"Difference:",[260,27108,27109,27114],{},[263,27110,27111,27113],{},[15,27112,462],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[263,27115,27116,27118],{},[15,27117,26910],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27120,27121,27122,117],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[30,27123,12469],{"href":12468},[46,27125,27127,27128],{"id":27126},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27129,453],{},[20,27131,27132],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[337,27134,27136],{"id":27135},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[51,27138,27140],{"className":53,"code":27139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27141,27142,27167,27171,27197,27201,27213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27143,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27163,27165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27145,11619],{"class":66},[60,27147,71],{"class":70},[60,27149,75],{"class":74},[60,27151,79],{"class":78},[60,27153,7580],{"class":82},[60,27155,79],{"class":78},[60,27157,258],{"class":74},[60,27159,91],{"class":78},[60,27161,27162],{"class":82},"Sara",[60,27164,79],{"class":78},[60,27166,108],{"class":74},[60,27168,27169],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27170,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27172,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27174,1700],{"class":66},[60,27176,71],{"class":70},[60,27178,11661],{"class":66},[60,27180,117],{"class":74},[60,27182,26127],{"class":120},[60,27184,124],{"class":74},[60,27186,79],{"class":78},[60,27188,9206],{"class":82},[60,27190,79],{"class":78},[60,27192,88],{"class":74},[60,27194,3766],{"class":734},[60,27196,133],{"class":74},[60,27198,27199],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27200,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27202,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27204,140],{"class":139},[60,27206,124],{"class":74},[60,27208,315],{"class":120},[60,27210,174],{"class":74},[60,27212,20450],{"class":177},[60,27214,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27216,140],{"class":139},[60,27218,124],{"class":74},[60,27220,11349],{"class":120},[60,27222,174],{"class":74},[60,27224,27225],{"class":177}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27227,27228],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[337,27230,27232],{"id":27231},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[51,27234,27236],{"className":53,"code":27235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27237,27238,27262,27266,27282,27305,27315,27322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27239,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27241,11619],{"class":66},[60,27243,71],{"class":70},[60,27245,75],{"class":74},[60,27247,79],{"class":78},[60,27249,7580],{"class":82},[60,27251,79],{"class":78},[60,27253,258],{"class":74},[60,27255,91],{"class":78},[60,27257,27162],{"class":82},[60,27259,79],{"class":78},[60,27261,108],{"class":74},[60,27263,27264],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27265,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27267,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27269,1154],{"class":1153},[60,27271,91],{"class":78},[60,27273,9206],{"class":82},[60,27275,79],{"class":78},[60,27277,1163],{"class":70},[60,27279,11661],{"class":66},[60,27281,1168],{"class":74},[60,27283,27284,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27285,27286],{"class":66},"    value ",[60,27288,71],{"class":70},[60,27290,11661],{"class":66},[60,27292,117],{"class":74},[60,27294,26127],{"class":120},[60,27296,124],{"class":74},[60,27298,79],{"class":78},[60,27300,9206],{"class":82},[60,27302,79],{"class":78},[60,27304,133],{"class":74},[60,27306,27307,27309,27311,27313],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27308,7981],{"class":139},[60,27310,124],{"class":74},[60,27312,315],{"class":120},[60,27314,133],{"class":74},[60,27316,27317,27320],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27318,27319],{"class":1153},"else",[60,27321,1168],{"class":74},[60,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27333,27335],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,27325,7981],{"class":139},[60,27327,124],{"class":74},[60,27329,79],{"class":78},[60,27331,27332],{"class":82},"Key not found",[60,27334,79],{"class":78},[60,27336,133],{"class":74},[337,27338,27340,27341,27343],{"id":27339},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27342,10644],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[51,27345,27347],{"className":53,"code":27346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27348,27349,27373,27377,27403,27407,27419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27350,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27352,11619],{"class":66},[60,27354,71],{"class":70},[60,27356,75],{"class":74},[60,27358,79],{"class":78},[60,27360,7580],{"class":82},[60,27362,79],{"class":78},[60,27364,258],{"class":74},[60,27366,91],{"class":78},[60,27368,27162],{"class":82},[60,27370,79],{"class":78},[60,27372,108],{"class":74},[60,27374,27375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27376,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27378,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27380,1700],{"class":66},[60,27382,71],{"class":70},[60,27384,11661],{"class":66},[60,27386,117],{"class":74},[60,27388,19639],{"class":120},[60,27390,124],{"class":74},[60,27392,79],{"class":78},[60,27394,9206],{"class":82},[60,27396,79],{"class":78},[60,27398,88],{"class":74},[60,27400,3766],{"class":734},[60,27402,133],{"class":74},[60,27404,27405],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27406,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27410,140],{"class":139},[60,27412,124],{"class":74},[60,27414,315],{"class":120},[60,27416,174],{"class":74},[60,27418,20450],{"class":177},[60,27420,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27422,140],{"class":139},[60,27424,124],{"class":74},[60,27426,11349],{"class":120},[60,27428,174],{"class":74},[60,27430,27225],{"class":177},[20,27432,243,27433,27437,27438,117],{},[30,27434,27435],{"href":10640},[15,27436,26715],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[30,27439,1839],{"href":630},[46,27441,4430],{"id":4429},[20,27443,27444,27445,117],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27446,12464],{},[337,27448,25660,27450,27452],{"id":27449},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27451,462],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27454,27455],{},"Lists use indexes:",[51,27457,27459],{"className":53,"code":27458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27460,27461,27481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27462,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27464,350],{"class":66},[60,27466,71],{"class":70},[60,27468,1512],{"class":74},[60,27470,2250],{"class":357},[60,27472,88],{"class":74},[60,27474,7702],{"class":357},[60,27476,88],{"class":74},[60,27478,7707],{"class":357},[60,27480,1525],{"class":74},[60,27482,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27484,140],{"class":139},[60,27486,124],{"class":74},[60,27488,380],{"class":120},[60,27490,117],{"class":74},[60,27492,26127],{"class":120},[60,27494,124],{"class":74},[60,27496,358],{"class":357},[60,27498,5271],{"class":74},[60,27500,27501],{"class":177},"  # 20\n",[20,27503,27504],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[51,27506,27508],{"className":53,"code":27507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27509,27510,27546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27511,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27513,13095],{"class":66},[60,27515,71],{"class":70},[60,27517,75],{"class":74},[60,27519,79],{"class":78},[60,27521,7580],{"class":82},[60,27523,79],{"class":78},[60,27525,258],{"class":74},[60,27527,91],{"class":78},[60,27529,12774],{"class":82},[60,27531,79],{"class":78},[60,27533,88],{"class":74},[60,27535,91],{"class":78},[60,27537,9206],{"class":82},[60,27539,79],{"class":78},[60,27541,258],{"class":74},[60,27543,9213],{"class":357},[60,27545,108],{"class":74},[60,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27549,140],{"class":139},[60,27551,124],{"class":74},[60,27553,17198],{"class":120},[60,27555,117],{"class":74},[60,27557,26127],{"class":120},[60,27559,124],{"class":74},[60,27561,79],{"class":78},[60,27563,9206],{"class":82},[60,27565,79],{"class":78},[60,27567,5271],{"class":74},[60,27569,27570],{"class":177},"  # 25\n",[20,27572,27573,27574,27576,27577,27579],{},"A dictionary does ",[41,27575,43],{}," use positions with ",[15,27578,462],{},". It uses keys.",[337,27581,4615,27583,27585],{"id":27582},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27584,462],{}," changes the original dictionary",[51,27587,27589],{"className":53,"code":27588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27590,27591,27623,27627,27649,27653,27666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27594,1613],{"class":66},[60,27596,71],{"class":70},[60,27598,75],{"class":74},[60,27600,79],{"class":78},[60,27602,2093],{"class":82},[60,27604,79],{"class":78},[60,27606,258],{"class":74},[60,27608,5408],{"class":357},[60,27610,88],{"class":74},[60,27612,91],{"class":78},[60,27614,11640],{"class":82},[60,27616,79],{"class":78},[60,27618,258],{"class":74},[60,27620,363],{"class":357},[60,27622,108],{"class":74},[60,27624,27625],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27626,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27628,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27630,1700],{"class":66},[60,27632,71],{"class":70},[60,27634,14457],{"class":66},[60,27636,117],{"class":74},[60,27638,26127],{"class":120},[60,27640,124],{"class":74},[60,27642,79],{"class":78},[60,27644,2093],{"class":82},[60,27646,79],{"class":78},[60,27648,133],{"class":74},[60,27650,27651],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27652,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27654,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27656,140],{"class":139},[60,27658,124],{"class":74},[60,27660,315],{"class":120},[60,27662,174],{"class":74},[60,27664,27665],{"class":177},"  # 1\n",[60,27667,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27669,140],{"class":139},[60,27671,124],{"class":74},[60,27673,1634],{"class":120},[60,27675,174],{"class":74},[60,27677,27678],{"class":177},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27680,27681,27682,27684],{},"After ",[15,27683,462],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[337,27686,8331,27688,27690],{"id":27687},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27689,462],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[51,27692,27694],{"className":53,"code":27693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27695,27696,27720,27724,27729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27697,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27699,1613],{"class":66},[60,27701,71],{"class":70},[60,27703,75],{"class":74},[60,27705,79],{"class":78},[60,27707,7580],{"class":82},[60,27709,79],{"class":78},[60,27711,258],{"class":74},[60,27713,91],{"class":78},[60,27715,7833],{"class":82},[60,27717,79],{"class":78},[60,27719,108],{"class":74},[60,27721,27722],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27723,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27725,27726],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27727,27728],{"class":177},"# This causes an error\n",[60,27730,27731],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27732,27733],{"class":177},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27735,27736],{},"Safer version:",[51,27738,27740],{"className":53,"code":27739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27741,27742,27766,27770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27743,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27745,1613],{"class":66},[60,27747,71],{"class":70},[60,27749,75],{"class":74},[60,27751,79],{"class":78},[60,27753,7580],{"class":82},[60,27755,79],{"class":78},[60,27757,258],{"class":74},[60,27759,91],{"class":78},[60,27761,7833],{"class":82},[60,27763,79],{"class":78},[60,27765,108],{"class":74},[60,27767,27768],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27769,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27771,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27773,140],{"class":139},[60,27775,124],{"class":74},[60,27777,1634],{"class":120},[60,27779,117],{"class":74},[60,27781,26127],{"class":120},[60,27783,124],{"class":74},[60,27785,79],{"class":78},[60,27787,9206],{"class":82},[60,27789,79],{"class":78},[60,27791,88],{"class":74},[60,27793,91],{"class":78},[60,27795,26658],{"class":82},[60,27797,79],{"class":78},[60,27799,5271],{"class":74},[60,27801,26694],{"class":177},[337,27803,1254,27805,27807],{"id":27804},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27806,462],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[51,27809,27811],{"className":53,"code":27810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27812,27813,27845,27849,27871,27875,27887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27814,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27816,1613],{"class":66},[60,27818,71],{"class":70},[60,27820,75],{"class":74},[60,27822,79],{"class":78},[60,27824,30],{"class":82},[60,27826,79],{"class":78},[60,27828,258],{"class":74},[60,27830,5408],{"class":357},[60,27832,88],{"class":74},[60,27834,91],{"class":78},[60,27836,1428],{"class":82},[60,27838,79],{"class":78},[60,27840,258],{"class":74},[60,27842,363],{"class":357},[60,27844,108],{"class":74},[60,27846,27847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27848,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27850,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27852,688],{"class":66},[60,27854,71],{"class":70},[60,27856,14457],{"class":66},[60,27858,117],{"class":74},[60,27860,26127],{"class":120},[60,27862,124],{"class":74},[60,27864,79],{"class":78},[60,27866,30],{"class":82},[60,27868,79],{"class":78},[60,27870,133],{"class":74},[60,27872,27873],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,27874,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,27878,140],{"class":139},[60,27880,124],{"class":74},[60,27882,720],{"class":120},[60,27884,174],{"class":74},[60,27886,27665],{"class":177},[60,27888,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,27890,140],{"class":139},[60,27892,124],{"class":74},[60,27894,1634],{"class":120},[60,27896,174],{"class":74},[60,27898,27899],{"class":177},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27901,27902],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[46,27904,27906],{"id":27905},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27908,27909,27910,27912],{},"Problems with ",[15,27911,12464],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[260,27914,27915,27918,27927,27930],{},[263,27916,27917],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[263,27919,27920,27921,27924,27925],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27922,27923],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27926,26223],{},[263,27928,27929],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[263,27931,27932,27933,10994,27935],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27934,358],{},[15,27936,27937],{},"\"1\"",[20,27939,27940],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[51,27942,27944],{"className":53,"code":27943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27945,27946,27970,27974,28004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27947,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27949,1613],{"class":66},[60,27951,71],{"class":70},[60,27953,75],{"class":74},[60,27955,79],{"class":78},[60,27957,358],{"class":82},[60,27959,79],{"class":78},[60,27961,258],{"class":74},[60,27963,91],{"class":78},[60,27965,6496],{"class":82},[60,27967,79],{"class":78},[60,27969,108],{"class":74},[60,27971,27972],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27973,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,27975,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27997,27999,28001],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,27977,140],{"class":139},[60,27979,124],{"class":74},[60,27981,1634],{"class":120},[60,27983,117],{"class":74},[60,27985,26127],{"class":120},[60,27987,124],{"class":74},[60,27989,358],{"class":357},[60,27991,88],{"class":74},[60,27993,91],{"class":78},[60,27995,27996],{"class":82},"not found",[60,27998,79],{"class":78},[60,28000,5271],{"class":74},[60,28002,28003],{"class":177},"    # not found\n",[60,28005,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,28007,140],{"class":139},[60,28009,124],{"class":74},[60,28011,1634],{"class":120},[60,28013,117],{"class":74},[60,28015,26127],{"class":120},[60,28017,124],{"class":74},[60,28019,79],{"class":78},[60,28021,358],{"class":82},[60,28023,79],{"class":78},[60,28025,88],{"class":74},[60,28027,91],{"class":78},[60,28029,27996],{"class":82},[60,28031,79],{"class":78},[60,28033,5271],{"class":74},[60,28035,28036],{"class":177},"  # one\n",[20,28038,28039,1776,28041,28043],{},[15,28040,358],{},[15,28042,27937],{}," are different keys.",[46,28045,1653],{"id":1652},[20,28047,1656,28048,28050],{},[15,28049,462],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,28052,28054],{"className":53,"code":28053,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28055,28056,28066,28080,28098,28128],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28057,28058,28060,28062,28064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28059,140],{"class":139},[60,28061,124],{"class":74},[60,28063,11349],{"class":120},[60,28065,133],{"class":74},[60,28067,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28069,140],{"class":139},[60,28071,124],{"class":74},[60,28073,11349],{"class":120},[60,28075,117],{"class":74},[60,28077,16814],{"class":120},[60,28079,7105],{"class":74},[60,28081,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,28083,140],{"class":139},[60,28085,124],{"class":74},[60,28087,205],{"class":78},[60,28089,7580],{"class":82},[60,28091,205],{"class":78},[60,28093,1163],{"class":1153},[60,28095,11661],{"class":120},[60,28097,133],{"class":74},[60,28099,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,28101,140],{"class":139},[60,28103,124],{"class":74},[60,28105,11349],{"class":120},[60,28107,117],{"class":74},[60,28109,26127],{"class":120},[60,28111,124],{"class":74},[60,28113,205],{"class":78},[60,28115,7580],{"class":82},[60,28117,205],{"class":78},[60,28119,88],{"class":74},[60,28121,214],{"class":78},[60,28123,26658],{"class":82},[60,28125,205],{"class":78},[60,28127,1691],{"class":74},[60,28129,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,28131,140],{"class":139},[60,28133,124],{"class":74},[60,28135,1684],{"class":1683},[60,28137,124],{"class":74},[60,28139,11349],{"class":120},[60,28141,1691],{"class":74},[20,28143,21225],{},[260,28145,28146,28151,28156,28161,28167],{},[263,28147,28148,28150],{},[15,28149,12574],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[263,28152,28153,28155],{},[15,28154,21237],{}," shows all available keys",[263,28157,28158,28160],{},[15,28159,21243],{}," checks whether a key exists",[263,28162,28163,28166],{},[15,28164,28165],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[263,28168,28169,28171],{},[15,28170,12580],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28173,28174,28175,117],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[30,28176,9298],{"href":9297},[46,28178,1746],{"id":1745},[337,28180,28182,28183,28185],{"id":28181},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28184,462],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28187,28188],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[337,28190,28192],{"id":28191},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28194,28195,1785,28197,28199,28200,28202],{},[15,28196,26223],{},[15,28198,453],{},". ",[15,28201,26227],{}," returns the default value instead.",[337,28204,12599,28206,14787],{"id":28205},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28207,462],{},[20,28209,28210],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[337,28212,1795,28214,28216],{"id":28213},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28215,462],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28218,28219,28220,28222,28223,117],{},"Not with ",[15,28221,12464],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[30,28224,28225],{"href":12475},[15,28226,12663],{},[337,28228,1773,28230,1776,28232,1779],{"id":28229},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28231,10644],{},[15,28233,462],{},[20,28235,28236,28238,28239,28241],{},[15,28237,10644],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28240,462],{}," reads and removes it.",[46,28243,1808],{"id":1807},[260,28245,28246,28252,28259,28263,28267,28271],{},[263,28247,28248],{},[30,28249,28250],{"href":10640},[15,28251,19558],{},[263,28253,28254],{},[30,28255,28256],{"href":12475},[15,28257,28258],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[263,28260,28261],{},[30,28262,12680],{"href":12468},[263,28264,28265],{},[30,28266,21346],{"href":16488},[263,28268,28269],{},[30,28270,1839],{"href":630},[263,28272,28273],{},[30,28274,28276],{"href":28275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1841,28278,28279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":28281},[28282,28283,28285,28286,28287,28289,28296,28303,28313,28314,28315,28326],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":26234,"depth":111,"text":28284},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":26718,"depth":111,"text":28288},"When to use pop()",{"id":26905,"depth":111,"text":28290,"children":28291},"pop() vs del",[28292,28294],{"id":26920,"depth":136,"text":28293},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27023,"depth":136,"text":28295},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27126,"depth":111,"text":28297,"children":28298},"How to avoid KeyError",[28299,28300,28301],{"id":27135,"depth":136,"text":27136},{"id":27231,"depth":136,"text":27232},{"id":27339,"depth":136,"text":28302},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":28304},[28305,28307,28309,28311],{"id":27449,"depth":136,"text":28306},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27582,"depth":136,"text":28308},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27687,"depth":136,"text":28310},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27804,"depth":136,"text":28312},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27905,"depth":111,"text":27906},{"id":1652,"depth":111,"text":1653},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":28316},[28317,28319,28320,28322,28324],{"id":28181,"depth":136,"text":28318},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28191,"depth":136,"text":28192},{"id":28205,"depth":136,"text":28321},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28213,"depth":136,"text":28323},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28229,"depth":136,"text":28325},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26055,"description":28327},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28334,"title":28258,"body":28335,"description":30274,"extension":1883,"meta":30275,"navigation":152,"path":30276,"seo":30277,"stem":30278,"__hash__":30279},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28336,"toc":30238},[28337,28342,28347,28350,28358,28368,28370,28459,28463,28512,28517,28522,28526,28542,28545,28547,28562,28564,28580,28587,28591,28597,28606,28608,28677,28681,28702,28705,28724,28727,28750,28752,28755,28870,28874,28933,28940,28944,28950,29075,29079,29129,29132,29136,29143,29145,29208,29212,29233,29236,29245,29260,29268,29275,29279,29291,29295,29306,29308,29454,29458,29517,29524,29529,29533,29539,29562,29567,29586,29590,29661,29668,29741,29750,29755,29760,29771,29774,29911,29915,29947,29952,29954,29958,30018,30021,30078,30081,30124,30126,30131,30137,30143,30146,30153,30161,30166,30169,30176,30184,30186,30235],[10,28338,11219,28340,18],{"id":28339},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28341,12663],{},[20,28343,1900,28344,28346],{},[15,28345,12663],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28348,28349],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[260,28351,28352,28355],{},[263,28353,28354],{},"remove an item",[263,28356,28357],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28359,28360,28361,28363,28364,28367],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28362,12663],{}," removes the ",[41,28365,28366],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[46,28369,49],{"id":48},[51,28371,28373],{"className":53,"code":28372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28374,28375,28419,28435,28439,28449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28376,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28378,1613],{"class":66},[60,28380,71],{"class":70},[60,28382,75],{"class":74},[60,28384,79],{"class":78},[60,28386,30],{"class":82},[60,28388,79],{"class":78},[60,28390,258],{"class":74},[60,28392,5408],{"class":357},[60,28394,88],{"class":74},[60,28396,91],{"class":78},[60,28398,1428],{"class":82},[60,28400,79],{"class":78},[60,28402,258],{"class":74},[60,28404,363],{"class":357},[60,28406,88],{"class":74},[60,28408,91],{"class":78},[60,28410,1437],{"class":82},[60,28412,79],{"class":78},[60,28414,258],{"class":74},[60,28416,368],{"class":357},[60,28418,108],{"class":74},[60,28420,28421,28424,28426,28428,28430,28433],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28422,28423],{"class":66},"item ",[60,28425,71],{"class":70},[60,28427,14457],{"class":66},[60,28429,117],{"class":74},[60,28431,28432],{"class":120},"popitem",[60,28434,8555],{"class":74},[60,28436,28437],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,28438,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,28440,28441,28443,28445,28447],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,28442,140],{"class":139},[60,28444,124],{"class":74},[60,28446,23197],{"class":120},[60,28448,133],{"class":74},[60,28450,28451,28453,28455,28457],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,28452,140],{"class":139},[60,28454,124],{"class":74},[60,28456,1634],{"class":120},[60,28458,133],{"class":74},[20,28460,28461],{},[41,28462,404],{},[51,28464,28466],{"className":53,"code":28465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28467,28468,28484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28469,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28471,124],{"class":74},[60,28473,205],{"class":78},[60,28475,1437],{"class":82},[60,28477,205],{"class":78},[60,28479,88],{"class":74},[60,28481,368],{"class":357},[60,28483,133],{"class":74},[60,28485,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28487,202],{"class":74},[60,28489,205],{"class":78},[60,28491,30],{"class":82},[60,28493,205],{"class":78},[60,28495,258],{"class":74},[60,28497,5408],{"class":357},[60,28499,88],{"class":74},[60,28501,214],{"class":78},[60,28503,1428],{"class":82},[60,28505,205],{"class":78},[60,28507,258],{"class":74},[60,28509,363],{"class":357},[60,28511,108],{"class":74},[20,28513,28514,28516],{},[15,28515,12663],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[46,28518,250,28520,253],{"id":28519},"what-popitem-does",[15,28521,12663],{},[20,28523,28524,258],{},[15,28525,12663],{},[260,28527,28528,28531,28536,28539],{},[263,28529,28530],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[263,28532,28533,28534],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28535,21544],{},[263,28537,28538],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[263,28540,28541],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28543,28544],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[46,28546,296],{"id":295},[51,28548,28550],{"className":53,"code":28549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28551,28552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28553,28554,28556,28558,28560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28555,15496],{"class":66},[60,28557,117],{"class":74},[60,28559,28432],{"class":120},[60,28561,8555],{"class":74},[20,28563,11358],{},[260,28565,28566,28574,28577],{},[263,28567,28568,28570,28571],{},[15,28569,12663],{}," takes ",[41,28572,28573],{},"no arguments",[263,28575,28576],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[263,28578,28579],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28581,28582,28583,6542],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[30,28584,28585],{"href":12461},[15,28586,462],{},[46,28588,28590],{"id":28589},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28592,28593,28594,28596],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28595,12663],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28598,28599,28600,28603],"ol",{},[263,28601,28602],{},"the key",[263,28604,28605],{},"the value",[20,28607,2127],{},[51,28609,28611],{"className":53,"code":28610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28612,28613,28649,28663,28667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28614,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28616,13095],{"class":66},[60,28618,71],{"class":70},[60,28620,75],{"class":74},[60,28622,79],{"class":78},[60,28624,7580],{"class":82},[60,28626,79],{"class":78},[60,28628,258],{"class":74},[60,28630,91],{"class":78},[60,28632,4914],{"class":82},[60,28634,79],{"class":78},[60,28636,88],{"class":74},[60,28638,91],{"class":78},[60,28640,9206],{"class":82},[60,28642,79],{"class":78},[60,28644,258],{"class":74},[60,28646,9213],{"class":357},[60,28648,108],{"class":74},[60,28650,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28652,688],{"class":66},[60,28654,71],{"class":70},[60,28656,13138],{"class":66},[60,28658,117],{"class":74},[60,28660,28432],{"class":120},[60,28662,8555],{"class":74},[60,28664,28665],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,28666,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,28670,140],{"class":139},[60,28672,124],{"class":74},[60,28674,720],{"class":120},[60,28676,133],{"class":74},[20,28678,28679],{},[41,28680,404],{},[51,28682,28684],{"className":53,"code":28683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28685,28686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28687,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28689,124],{"class":74},[60,28691,205],{"class":78},[60,28693,9206],{"class":82},[60,28695,205],{"class":78},[60,28697,88],{"class":74},[60,28699,9213],{"class":357},[60,28701,133],{"class":74},[20,28703,28704],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[51,28706,28708],{"className":53,"code":28707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28709,28710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28711,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28713,688],{"class":66},[60,28715,71],{"class":70},[60,28717,13138],{"class":66},[60,28719,117],{"class":74},[60,28721,28432],{"class":120},[60,28723,8555],{"class":74},[20,28725,28726],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[51,28728,28730],{"className":53,"code":28729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28731,28732],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28735,14732],{"class":66},[60,28737,88],{"class":74},[60,28739,21473],{"class":66},[60,28741,71],{"class":70},[60,28743,13138],{"class":66},[60,28745,117],{"class":74},[60,28747,28432],{"class":120},[60,28749,8555],{"class":74},[46,28751,839],{"id":838},[20,28753,28754],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[51,28756,28758],{"className":53,"code":28757,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28759,28760,28808,28812,28827,28831,28851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28761,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28792,28794,28796,28799,28801,28803,28806],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28763,4974],{"class":66},[60,28765,71],{"class":70},[60,28767,75],{"class":74},[60,28769,79],{"class":78},[60,28771,28772],{"class":82},"Tom",[60,28774,79],{"class":78},[60,28776,258],{"class":74},[60,28778,4986],{"class":357},[60,28780,88],{"class":74},[60,28782,91],{"class":78},[60,28784,12774],{"class":82},[60,28786,79],{"class":78},[60,28788,258],{"class":74},[60,28790,28791],{"class":357}," 95",[60,28793,88],{"class":74},[60,28795,91],{"class":78},[60,28797,28798],{"class":82},"Leo",[60,28800,79],{"class":78},[60,28802,258],{"class":74},[60,28804,28805],{"class":357}," 88",[60,28807,108],{"class":74},[60,28809,28810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28811,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,28813,28814,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,28815,28816],{"class":66},"removed_pair ",[60,28818,71],{"class":70},[60,28820,5021],{"class":66},[60,28822,117],{"class":74},[60,28824,28432],{"class":120},[60,28826,8555],{"class":74},[60,28828,28829],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,28830,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,28832,28833,28835,28837,28839,28842,28844,28846,28849],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,28834,140],{"class":139},[60,28836,124],{"class":74},[60,28838,79],{"class":78},[60,28840,28841],{"class":82},"Removed:",[60,28843,79],{"class":78},[60,28845,88],{"class":74},[60,28847,28848],{"class":120}," removed_pair",[60,28850,133],{"class":74},[60,28852,28853,28855,28857,28859,28862,28864,28866,28868],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,28854,140],{"class":139},[60,28856,124],{"class":74},[60,28858,79],{"class":78},[60,28860,28861],{"class":82},"After removal:",[60,28863,79],{"class":78},[60,28865,88],{"class":74},[60,28867,5021],{"class":120},[60,28869,133],{"class":74},[20,28871,28872],{},[41,28873,404],{},[51,28875,28877],{"className":53,"code":28876,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28878,28879,28900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28880,28881,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28882,28883],{"class":66},"Removed",[60,28885,258],{"class":74},[60,28887,9144],{"class":74},[60,28889,205],{"class":78},[60,28891,28798],{"class":82},[60,28893,205],{"class":78},[60,28895,88],{"class":74},[60,28897,28805],{"class":357},[60,28899,133],{"class":74},[60,28901,28902,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28903,28904],{"class":66},"After removal",[60,28906,258],{"class":74},[60,28908,75],{"class":74},[60,28910,205],{"class":78},[60,28912,28772],{"class":82},[60,28914,205],{"class":78},[60,28916,258],{"class":74},[60,28918,4986],{"class":357},[60,28920,88],{"class":74},[60,28922,214],{"class":78},[60,28924,12774],{"class":82},[60,28926,205],{"class":78},[60,28928,258],{"class":74},[60,28930,28791],{"class":357},[60,28932,108],{"class":74},[20,28934,28935,28936,28939],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28937,28938],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[46,28941,28943],{"id":28942},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28945,28946,28947,28949],{},"Because ",[15,28948,12663],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[51,28951,28953],{"className":53,"code":28952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28954,28955,28991,28995,29014,29018,29037,29056],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28956,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28958,15339],{"class":66},[60,28960,71],{"class":70},[60,28962,75],{"class":74},[60,28964,79],{"class":78},[60,28966,15350],{"class":82},[60,28968,79],{"class":78},[60,28970,258],{"class":74},[60,28972,91],{"class":78},[60,28974,15359],{"class":82},[60,28976,79],{"class":78},[60,28978,88],{"class":74},[60,28980,91],{"class":78},[60,28982,15370],{"class":82},[60,28984,79],{"class":78},[60,28986,258],{"class":74},[60,28988,26792],{"class":357},[60,28990,108],{"class":74},[60,28992,28993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28994,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,28996,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29008,29010,29012],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,28998,14732],{"class":66},[60,29000,88],{"class":74},[60,29002,21473],{"class":66},[60,29004,71],{"class":70},[60,29006,29007],{"class":66}," book",[60,29009,117],{"class":74},[60,29011,28432],{"class":120},[60,29013,8555],{"class":74},[60,29015,29016],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,29017,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29019,29020,29022,29024,29026,29029,29031,29033,29035],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,29021,140],{"class":139},[60,29023,124],{"class":74},[60,29025,79],{"class":78},[60,29027,29028],{"class":82},"Key:",[60,29030,79],{"class":78},[60,29032,88],{"class":74},[60,29034,21468],{"class":120},[60,29036,133],{"class":74},[60,29038,29039,29041,29043,29045,29048,29050,29052,29054],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,29040,140],{"class":139},[60,29042,124],{"class":74},[60,29044,79],{"class":78},[60,29046,29047],{"class":82},"Value:",[60,29049,79],{"class":78},[60,29051,88],{"class":74},[60,29053,8347],{"class":120},[60,29055,133],{"class":74},[60,29057,29058,29060,29062,29064,29067,29069,29071,29073],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,29059,140],{"class":139},[60,29061,124],{"class":74},[60,29063,79],{"class":78},[60,29065,29066],{"class":82},"Dictionary:",[60,29068,79],{"class":78},[60,29070,88],{"class":74},[60,29072,29007],{"class":120},[60,29074,133],{"class":74},[20,29076,29077],{},[41,29078,404],{},[51,29080,29082],{"className":53,"code":29081,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29083,29084,29094,29104],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29085,29086,29089,29091],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29087,29088],{"class":66},"Key",[60,29090,258],{"class":74},[60,29092,29093],{"class":66}," pages\n",[60,29095,29096,29099,29101],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29097,29098],{"class":66},"Value",[60,29100,258],{"class":74},[60,29102,29103],{"class":357}," 200\n",[60,29105,29106,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29107,29108],{"class":66},"Dictionary",[60,29110,258],{"class":74},[60,29112,75],{"class":74},[60,29114,205],{"class":78},[60,29116,15350],{"class":82},[60,29118,205],{"class":78},[60,29120,258],{"class":74},[60,29122,214],{"class":78},[60,29124,15359],{"class":82},[60,29126,205],{"class":78},[60,29128,108],{"class":74},[20,29130,29131],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[46,29133,29135],{"id":29134},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29137,29138,29139,28363,29141,117],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29140,12663],{},[41,29142,28366],{},[20,29144,2127],{},[51,29146,29148],{"className":53,"code":29147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29149,29150,29194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29151,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29153,1613],{"class":66},[60,29155,71],{"class":70},[60,29157,75],{"class":74},[60,29159,79],{"class":78},[60,29161,2093],{"class":82},[60,29163,79],{"class":78},[60,29165,258],{"class":74},[60,29167,5408],{"class":357},[60,29169,88],{"class":74},[60,29171,91],{"class":78},[60,29173,11640],{"class":82},[60,29175,79],{"class":78},[60,29177,258],{"class":74},[60,29179,363],{"class":357},[60,29181,88],{"class":74},[60,29183,91],{"class":78},[60,29185,1457],{"class":82},[60,29187,79],{"class":78},[60,29189,258],{"class":74},[60,29191,368],{"class":357},[60,29193,108],{"class":74},[60,29195,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29197,140],{"class":139},[60,29199,124],{"class":74},[60,29201,1634],{"class":120},[60,29203,117],{"class":74},[60,29205,28432],{"class":120},[60,29207,7105],{"class":74},[20,29209,29210],{},[41,29211,404],{},[51,29213,29215],{"className":53,"code":29214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29216,29217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29218,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29220,124],{"class":74},[60,29222,205],{"class":78},[60,29224,1457],{"class":82},[60,29226,205],{"class":78},[60,29228,88],{"class":74},[60,29230,368],{"class":357},[60,29232,133],{"class":74},[20,29234,29235],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29237,29238,29239,29241,29242,29244],{},"As a beginner, do ",[41,29240,43],{}," think of ",[15,29243,12663],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29246,29247,29248,36,29252,16963,29256,117],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[30,29249,29250],{"href":16966},[15,29251,16969],{},[30,29253,29254],{"href":16953},[15,29255,16956],{},[30,29257,29258],{"href":16959},[15,29259,16962],{},[46,29261,29263,29264,1776,29266],{"id":29262},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29265,12663],{},[15,29267,462],{},[20,29269,29270,1776,29272,29274],{},[15,29271,12663],{},[15,29273,462],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[337,29276,29277],{"id":28432},[15,29278,12663],{},[260,29280,29281,29284,29287],{},[263,29282,29283],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[263,29285,29286],{},"does not need a key argument",[263,29288,3605,29289],{},[15,29290,21544],{},[337,29292,29293],{"id":26127},[15,29294,462],{},[260,29296,29297,29300,29303],{},[263,29298,29299],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[263,29301,29302],{},"needs the key name",[263,29304,29305],{},"returns only the value",[20,29307,2127],{},[51,29309,29311],{"className":53,"code":29310,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29312,29313,29357,29361,29375,29395,29399,29421,29440,29444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29314,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29316,1613],{"class":66},[60,29318,71],{"class":70},[60,29320,75],{"class":74},[60,29322,79],{"class":78},[60,29324,30],{"class":82},[60,29326,79],{"class":78},[60,29328,258],{"class":74},[60,29330,5408],{"class":357},[60,29332,88],{"class":74},[60,29334,91],{"class":78},[60,29336,1428],{"class":82},[60,29338,79],{"class":78},[60,29340,258],{"class":74},[60,29342,363],{"class":357},[60,29344,88],{"class":74},[60,29346,91],{"class":78},[60,29348,1437],{"class":82},[60,29350,79],{"class":78},[60,29352,258],{"class":74},[60,29354,368],{"class":357},[60,29356,108],{"class":74},[60,29358,29359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29360,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29362,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29364,28423],{"class":66},[60,29366,71],{"class":70},[60,29368,14457],{"class":66},[60,29370,117],{"class":74},[60,29372,28432],{"class":120},[60,29374,8555],{"class":74},[60,29376,29377,29379,29381,29383,29386,29388,29390,29393],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,29378,140],{"class":139},[60,29380,124],{"class":74},[60,29382,79],{"class":78},[60,29384,29385],{"class":82},"popitem():",[60,29387,79],{"class":78},[60,29389,88],{"class":74},[60,29391,29392],{"class":120}," item",[60,29394,133],{"class":74},[60,29396,29397],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,29398,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29400,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,29402,1700],{"class":66},[60,29404,71],{"class":70},[60,29406,14457],{"class":66},[60,29408,117],{"class":74},[60,29410,26127],{"class":120},[60,29412,124],{"class":74},[60,29414,79],{"class":78},[60,29416,30],{"class":82},[60,29418,79],{"class":78},[60,29420,133],{"class":74},[60,29422,29423,29425,29427,29429,29432,29434,29436,29438],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,29424,140],{"class":139},[60,29426,124],{"class":74},[60,29428,79],{"class":78},[60,29430,29431],{"class":82},"pop('a'):",[60,29433,79],{"class":78},[60,29435,88],{"class":74},[60,29437,8347],{"class":120},[60,29439,133],{"class":74},[60,29441,29442],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,29443,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29445,29446,29448,29450,29452],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,29447,140],{"class":139},[60,29449,124],{"class":74},[60,29451,1634],{"class":120},[60,29453,133],{"class":74},[20,29455,29456],{},[41,29457,404],{},[51,29459,29461],{"className":53,"code":29460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29462,29463,29484,29501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29464,29465,29467,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29466,28432],{"class":120},[60,29468,29469],{"class":74},"():",[60,29471,9144],{"class":74},[60,29473,205],{"class":78},[60,29475,1437],{"class":82},[60,29477,205],{"class":78},[60,29479,88],{"class":74},[60,29481,368],{"class":357},[60,29483,133],{"class":74},[60,29485,29486,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29487,26127],{"class":120},[60,29489,124],{"class":74},[60,29491,205],{"class":78},[60,29493,30],{"class":82},[60,29495,205],{"class":78},[60,29497,16343],{"class":74},[60,29499,29500],{"class":357}," 1\n",[60,29502,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29504,202],{"class":74},[60,29506,205],{"class":78},[60,29508,1428],{"class":82},[60,29510,205],{"class":78},[60,29512,258],{"class":74},[60,29514,363],{"class":357},[60,29516,108],{"class":74},[20,29518,243,29519,29523],{},[30,29520,29521],{"href":12461},[15,29522,462],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29525,243,29526,29528],{},[15,29527,12663],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[46,29530,29532],{"id":29531},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29534,29535,29536,29538],{},"Calling ",[15,29537,12663],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[51,29540,29542],{"className":53,"code":29541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29543,29544,29552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29545,29546,29548,29550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29547,1613],{"class":66},[60,29549,71],{"class":70},[60,29551,9744],{"class":74},[60,29553,29554,29556,29558,29560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29555,1634],{"class":66},[60,29557,117],{"class":74},[60,29559,28432],{"class":120},[60,29561,8555],{"class":74},[20,29563,29564],{},[41,29565,29566],{},"Error:",[51,29568,29570],{"className":53,"code":29569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29571,29572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29573,29574,29576,29578,29580,29583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29575,453],{"class":1683},[60,29577,258],{"class":74},[60,29579,214],{"class":78},[60,29581,29582],{"class":82},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[60,29584,29585],{"class":78},"'\n",[337,29587,29589],{"id":29588},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[51,29591,29593],{"className":53,"code":29592,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29594,29595,29603,29607,29615,29630,29640,29646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29596,29597,29599,29601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29598,1613],{"class":66},[60,29600,71],{"class":70},[60,29602,9744],{"class":74},[60,29604,29605],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29606,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29608,29609,29611,29613],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29610,1154],{"class":1153},[60,29612,14457],{"class":66},[60,29614,1168],{"class":74},[60,29616,29617,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,29618,29619],{"class":66},"    item ",[60,29621,71],{"class":70},[60,29623,14457],{"class":66},[60,29625,117],{"class":74},[60,29627,28432],{"class":120},[60,29629,8555],{"class":74},[60,29631,29632,29634,29636,29638],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,29633,7981],{"class":139},[60,29635,124],{"class":74},[60,29637,23197],{"class":120},[60,29639,133],{"class":74},[60,29641,29642,29644],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,29643,27319],{"class":1153},[60,29645,1168],{"class":74},[60,29647,29648,29650,29652,29654,29657,29659],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,29649,7981],{"class":139},[60,29651,124],{"class":74},[60,29653,79],{"class":78},[60,29655,29656],{"class":82},"Dictionary is empty",[60,29658,79],{"class":78},[60,29660,133],{"class":74},[337,29662,29664,29665],{"id":29663},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29666,29667],{},"try-except",[51,29669,29671],{"className":53,"code":29670,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29672,29673,29681,29685,29692,29706,29716,29726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29674,29675,29677,29679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29676,1613],{"class":66},[60,29678,71],{"class":70},[60,29680,9744],{"class":74},[60,29682,29683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29684,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29686,29687,29690],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29688,29689],{"class":1153},"try",[60,29691,1168],{"class":74},[60,29693,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,29695,29619],{"class":66},[60,29697,71],{"class":70},[60,29699,14457],{"class":66},[60,29701,117],{"class":74},[60,29703,28432],{"class":120},[60,29705,8555],{"class":74},[60,29707,29708,29710,29712,29714],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,29709,7981],{"class":139},[60,29711,124],{"class":74},[60,29713,23197],{"class":120},[60,29715,133],{"class":74},[60,29717,29718,29721,29724],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,29719,29720],{"class":1153},"except",[60,29722,29723],{"class":1683}," KeyError",[60,29725,1168],{"class":74},[60,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734,29737,29739],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,29729,7981],{"class":139},[60,29731,124],{"class":74},[60,29733,79],{"class":78},[60,29735,29736],{"class":82},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[60,29738,79],{"class":78},[60,29740,133],{"class":74},[20,29742,29743,29744,117],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[30,29745,25565,29747],{"href":29746},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29748,29749],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[46,29751,1220,29753],{"id":29752},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29754,12663],{},[20,29756,29757,29759],{},[15,29758,12663],{}," is useful when:",[260,29761,29762,29765,29768],{},[263,29763,29764],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[263,29766,29767],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[263,29769,29770],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29772,29773],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[51,29775,29777],{"className":53,"code":29776,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29778,29779,29788,29808,29828,29846,29850,29854,29864,29883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29780,29781,29784,29786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29782,29783],{"class":66},"tasks ",[60,29785,71],{"class":70},[60,29787,11391],{"class":74},[60,29789,29790,29792,29795,29797,29799,29801,29804,29806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29791,11396],{"class":78},[60,29793,29794],{"class":82},"first",[60,29796,79],{"class":78},[60,29798,258],{"class":74},[60,29800,91],{"class":78},[60,29802,29803],{"class":82},"wash dishes",[60,29805,79],{"class":78},[60,29807,11412],{"class":74},[60,29809,29810,29812,29815,29817,29819,29821,29824,29826],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29811,11396],{"class":78},[60,29813,29814],{"class":82},"second",[60,29816,79],{"class":78},[60,29818,258],{"class":74},[60,29820,91],{"class":78},[60,29822,29823],{"class":82},"do homework",[60,29825,79],{"class":78},[60,29827,11412],{"class":74},[60,29829,29830,29832,29835,29837,29839,29841,29844],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,29831,11396],{"class":78},[60,29833,29834],{"class":82},"third",[60,29836,79],{"class":78},[60,29838,258],{"class":74},[60,29840,91],{"class":78},[60,29842,29843],{"class":82},"read book",[60,29845,3273],{"class":78},[60,29847,29848],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,29849,108],{"class":74},[60,29851,29852],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,29853,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,29855,29856,29859,29862],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,29857,29858],{"class":1153},"while",[60,29860,29861],{"class":66}," tasks",[60,29863,1168],{"class":74},[60,29865,29866,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,29867,29868],{"class":66},"    key",[60,29870,88],{"class":74},[60,29872,21473],{"class":66},[60,29874,71],{"class":70},[60,29876,29861],{"class":66},[60,29878,117],{"class":74},[60,29880,28432],{"class":120},[60,29882,8555],{"class":74},[60,29884,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901,29903,29905,29907,29909],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,29886,7981],{"class":139},[60,29888,124],{"class":74},[60,29890,22182],{"class":1984},[60,29892,79],{"class":82},[60,29894,202],{"class":357},[60,29896,14732],{"class":120},[60,29898,22191],{"class":357},[60,29900,22194],{"class":82},[60,29902,202],{"class":357},[60,29904,315],{"class":120},[60,29906,22191],{"class":357},[60,29908,79],{"class":82},[60,29910,133],{"class":74},[20,29912,29913],{},[41,29914,192],{},[51,29916,29918],{"className":53,"code":29917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29919,29920,29929,29938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29921,29922,29924,29926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29923,29834],{"class":66},[60,29925,258],{"class":74},[60,29927,29928],{"class":66}," read book\n",[60,29930,29931,29933,29935],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29932,29814],{"class":66},[60,29934,258],{"class":74},[60,29936,29937],{"class":66}," do homework\n",[60,29939,29940,29942,29944],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,29941,29794],{"class":66},[60,29943,258],{"class":74},[60,29945,29946],{"class":66}," wash dishes\n",[20,29948,28946,29949,29951],{},[15,29950,12663],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[46,29953,1245],{"id":1244},[20,29955,14624,29956,258],{},[15,29957,12663],{},[260,29959,29960,29974,29993,30004],{},[263,29961,29962,29967],{},[41,29963,29535,29964,29966],{},[15,29965,12663],{}," on an empty dictionary",[260,29968,29969],{},[263,29970,29971,29972,117],{},"This raises ",[15,29973,453],{},[263,29975,29976,29981],{},[41,29977,1254,29978,29980],{},[15,29979,12663],{}," to remove a specific key",[260,29982,29983,29986],{},[263,29984,29985],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[263,29987,243,29988,29992],{},[30,29989,29990],{"href":12461},[15,29991,462],{}," if you need that.",[263,29994,29995,29999],{},[41,29996,4615,29997,27585],{},[15,29998,12663],{},[260,30000,30001],{},[263,30002,30003],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[263,30005,30006,30009],{},[41,30007,30008],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[260,30010,30011],{},[263,30012,30013,21864,30015,30017],{},[15,30014,12663],{},[15,30016,21544],{}," tuple.",[20,30019,30020],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[51,30022,30024],{"className":53,"code":30023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30025,30026,30036,30050,30054,30068],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30027,30028,30030,30032,30034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30029,140],{"class":139},[60,30031,124],{"class":74},[60,30033,11349],{"class":120},[60,30035,133],{"class":74},[60,30037,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30039,140],{"class":139},[60,30041,124],{"class":74},[60,30043,11064],{"class":139},[60,30045,124],{"class":74},[60,30047,11349],{"class":120},[60,30049,1691],{"class":74},[60,30051,30052],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30053,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,30055,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064,30066],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,30057,28423],{"class":66},[60,30059,71],{"class":70},[60,30061,11661],{"class":66},[60,30063,117],{"class":74},[60,30065,28432],{"class":120},[60,30067,8555],{"class":74},[60,30069,30070,30072,30074,30076],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,30071,140],{"class":139},[60,30073,124],{"class":74},[60,30075,23197],{"class":120},[60,30077,133],{"class":74},[20,30079,30080],{},"Or with unpacking:",[51,30082,30084],{"className":53,"code":30083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30085,30086,30104,30114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30087,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30089,14732],{"class":66},[60,30091,88],{"class":74},[60,30093,21473],{"class":66},[60,30095,71],{"class":70},[60,30097,11661],{"class":66},[60,30099,117],{"class":74},[60,30101,28432],{"class":120},[60,30103,8555],{"class":74},[60,30105,30106,30108,30110,30112],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30107,140],{"class":139},[60,30109,124],{"class":74},[60,30111,14732],{"class":120},[60,30113,133],{"class":74},[60,30115,30116,30118,30120,30122],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30117,140],{"class":139},[60,30119,124],{"class":74},[60,30121,315],{"class":120},[60,30123,133],{"class":74},[46,30125,1746],{"id":1745},[337,30127,1760,30129,5055],{"id":30128},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30130,12663],{},[20,30132,30133,30134,117],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30135,30136],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[337,30138,12599,30140,30142],{"id":30139},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30141,12663],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30144,30145],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[337,30147,30149,30150,30152],{"id":30148},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30151,12663],{}," removes?",[20,30154,30155,30156,30160],{},"No. Use ",[30,30157,30158],{"href":12461},[15,30159,462],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[337,30162,12599,30164,14787],{"id":30163},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30165,12663],{},[20,30167,30168],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[337,30170,30172,30173,30175],{"id":30171},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30174,12663],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30177,30178,30179,30181,30182,117],{},"It raises ",[15,30180,453],{}," with the message ",[15,30183,29582],{},[46,30185,1808],{"id":1807},[260,30187,30188,30195,30201,30207,30213,30220,30224,30228],{},[263,30189,30190],{},[30,30191,30192,30194],{"href":12461},[15,30193,462],{}," method for dictionaries",[263,30196,30197],{},[30,30198,30199,30194],{"href":16966},[15,30200,16969],{},[263,30202,30203],{},[30,30204,30205,30194],{"href":16953},[15,30206,16956],{},[263,30208,30209],{},[30,30210,30211,30194],{"href":16959},[15,30212,16962],{},[263,30214,30215],{},[30,30216,30218,30194],{"href":30217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30219,11222],{},[263,30221,30222],{},[30,30223,12680],{"href":12468},[263,30225,30226],{},[30,30227,21346],{"href":16488},[263,30229,30230],{},[30,30231,30232,30233],{"href":29746},"Fix ",[15,30234,29749],{},[1841,30236,30237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":30239},[30240,30241,30243,30244,30245,30246,30247,30248,30253,30258,30260,30261,30273],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":28519,"depth":111,"text":30242},"What popitem() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":28589,"depth":111,"text":28590},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":28942,"depth":111,"text":28943},{"id":29134,"depth":111,"text":29135},{"id":29262,"depth":111,"text":30249,"children":30250},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30251,30252],{"id":28432,"depth":136,"text":12663},{"id":26127,"depth":136,"text":462},{"id":29531,"depth":111,"text":29532,"children":30254},[30255,30256],{"id":29588,"depth":136,"text":29589},{"id":29663,"depth":136,"text":30257},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29752,"depth":111,"text":30259},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":30262},[30263,30265,30267,30269,30271],{"id":30128,"depth":136,"text":30264},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30139,"depth":136,"text":30266},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30148,"depth":136,"text":30268},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30163,"depth":136,"text":30270},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30171,"depth":136,"text":30272},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28258,"description":30274},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30281,"title":30282,"body":30283,"description":32185,"extension":1883,"meta":32186,"navigation":152,"path":13924,"seo":32187,"stem":32188,"__hash__":32189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30284,"toc":32157},[30285,30290,30295,30298,30300,30397,30402,30407,30412,30415,30423,30426,30441,30443,30543,30545,30602,30606,30608,30611,30631,30636,30647,30650,30677,30680,30682,30739,30741,30762,30768,30773,30776,30787,30789,30897,30899,30952,30954,30966,30973,30979,30984,30987,31075,31077,31122,31125,31133,31136,31139,31208,31211,31214,31218,31221,31292,31294,31347,31350,31353,31356,31371,31374,31386,31389,31452,31454,31460,31462,31464,31543,31545,31586,31588,31653,31655,31692,31697,31702,31706,31720,31723,31846,31848,31933,31938,31940,31944,31966,31969,32048,32051,32070,32075,32077,32083,32088,32094,32097,32103,32106,32112,32117,32123,32129,32131,32154],[10,30286,11219,30288,18],{"id":30287},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30289,14845],{},[20,30291,1900,30292,30294],{},[15,30293,14845],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30296,30297],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[46,30299,49],{"id":48},[51,30301,30303],{"className":53,"code":30302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30304,30305,30341,30382,30392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30306,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323,30325,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30308,13095],{"class":66},[60,30310,71],{"class":70},[60,30312,75],{"class":74},[60,30314,79],{"class":78},[60,30316,7580],{"class":82},[60,30318,79],{"class":78},[60,30320,258],{"class":74},[60,30322,91],{"class":78},[60,30324,12774],{"class":82},[60,30326,79],{"class":78},[60,30328,88],{"class":74},[60,30330,91],{"class":78},[60,30332,9206],{"class":82},[60,30334,79],{"class":78},[60,30336,258],{"class":74},[60,30338,7702],{"class":357},[60,30340,108],{"class":74},[60,30342,30343,30345,30347,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30344,17198],{"class":66},[60,30346,117],{"class":74},[60,30348,30349],{"class":120},"update",[60,30351,5440],{"class":74},[60,30353,79],{"class":78},[60,30355,9206],{"class":82},[60,30357,79],{"class":78},[60,30359,258],{"class":74},[60,30361,30362],{"class":357}," 21",[60,30364,88],{"class":74},[60,30366,91],{"class":78},[60,30368,10315],{"class":82},[60,30370,79],{"class":78},[60,30372,258],{"class":74},[60,30374,91],{"class":78},[60,30376,15922],{"class":82},[60,30378,79],{"class":78},[60,30380,30381],{"class":74},"})\n",[60,30383,30384,30386,30388,30390],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30385,140],{"class":139},[60,30387,124],{"class":74},[60,30389,17198],{"class":120},[60,30391,133],{"class":74},[60,30393,30394],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,30395,30396],{"class":177},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30398,243,30399,30401],{},[15,30400,14845],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[46,30403,250,30405,253],{"id":30404},"what-update-does",[15,30406,14845],{},[20,30408,30409,30411],{},[15,30410,14845],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30413,30414],{},"It can do two main things:",[260,30416,30417,30420],{},[263,30418,30419],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[263,30421,30422],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30424,30425],{},"Important things to know:",[260,30427,30428,30431,30434,30438],{},[263,30429,30430],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[263,30432,30433],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[263,30435,1766,30436],{},[15,30437,277],{},[263,30439,30440],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30442,2127],{},[51,30444,30446],{"className":53,"code":30445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30447,30448,30490,30533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30449,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30486,30488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30451,12757],{"class":66},[60,30453,71],{"class":70},[60,30455,75],{"class":74},[60,30457,79],{"class":78},[60,30459,7580],{"class":82},[60,30461,79],{"class":78},[60,30463,258],{"class":74},[60,30465,91],{"class":78},[60,30467,30468],{"class":82},"Mira",[60,30470,79],{"class":78},[60,30472,88],{"class":74},[60,30474,91],{"class":78},[60,30476,19780],{"class":82},[60,30478,79],{"class":78},[60,30480,258],{"class":74},[60,30482,91],{"class":78},[60,30484,30485],{"class":82},"B",[60,30487,79],{"class":78},[60,30489,108],{"class":74},[60,30491,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30529,30531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30493,13517],{"class":66},[60,30495,117],{"class":74},[60,30497,30349],{"class":120},[60,30499,5440],{"class":74},[60,30501,79],{"class":78},[60,30503,19780],{"class":82},[60,30505,79],{"class":78},[60,30507,258],{"class":74},[60,30509,91],{"class":78},[60,30511,22133],{"class":82},[60,30513,79],{"class":78},[60,30515,88],{"class":74},[60,30517,91],{"class":78},[60,30519,10315],{"class":82},[60,30521,79],{"class":78},[60,30523,258],{"class":74},[60,30525,91],{"class":78},[60,30527,30528],{"class":82},"Quito",[60,30530,79],{"class":78},[60,30532,30381],{"class":74},[60,30534,30535,30537,30539,30541],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30536,140],{"class":139},[60,30538,124],{"class":74},[60,30540,13517],{"class":120},[60,30542,133],{"class":74},[20,30544,404],{},[51,30546,30548],{"className":53,"code":30547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30549,30550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30551,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30553,202],{"class":74},[60,30555,205],{"class":78},[60,30557,7580],{"class":82},[60,30559,205],{"class":78},[60,30561,258],{"class":74},[60,30563,214],{"class":78},[60,30565,30468],{"class":82},[60,30567,205],{"class":78},[60,30569,88],{"class":74},[60,30571,214],{"class":78},[60,30573,19780],{"class":82},[60,30575,205],{"class":78},[60,30577,258],{"class":74},[60,30579,214],{"class":78},[60,30581,22133],{"class":82},[60,30583,205],{"class":78},[60,30585,88],{"class":74},[60,30587,214],{"class":78},[60,30589,10315],{"class":82},[60,30591,205],{"class":78},[60,30593,258],{"class":74},[60,30595,214],{"class":78},[60,30597,30528],{"class":82},[60,30599,205],{"class":78},[60,30601,108],{"class":74},[20,30603,9061,30604,117],{},[30,30605,24515],{"href":9297},[46,30607,296],{"id":295},[20,30609,30610],{},"The basic form is:",[51,30612,30614],{"className":53,"code":30613,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30615,30616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30617,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30619,15496],{"class":66},[60,30621,117],{"class":74},[60,30623,30349],{"class":120},[60,30625,124],{"class":74},[60,30627,30628],{"class":120},"other",[60,30630,133],{"class":74},[20,30632,30633,30635],{},[15,30634,30628],{}," can be:",[260,30637,30638,30641,30644],{},[263,30639,30640],{},"Another dictionary",[263,30642,30643],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[263,30645,30646],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30648,30649],{},"You can also use:",[51,30651,30653],{"className":53,"code":30652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30654,30655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30656,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30658,15496],{"class":66},[60,30660,117],{"class":74},[60,30662,30349],{"class":120},[60,30664,124],{"class":74},[60,30666,7580],{"class":9084},[60,30668,71],{"class":70},[60,30670,79],{"class":78},[60,30672,7589],{"class":82},[60,30674,79],{"class":78},[60,30676,133],{"class":74},[20,30678,30679],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30681,2127],{},[51,30683,30685],{"className":53,"code":30684,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30686,30687,30707,30729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30688,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30690,1613],{"class":66},[60,30692,71],{"class":70},[60,30694,75],{"class":74},[60,30696,79],{"class":78},[60,30698,30],{"class":82},[60,30700,79],{"class":78},[60,30702,258],{"class":74},[60,30704,5408],{"class":357},[60,30706,108],{"class":74},[60,30708,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30710,1634],{"class":66},[60,30712,117],{"class":74},[60,30714,30349],{"class":120},[60,30716,5440],{"class":74},[60,30718,79],{"class":78},[60,30720,30],{"class":82},[60,30722,79],{"class":78},[60,30724,258],{"class":74},[60,30726,5916],{"class":357},[60,30728,30381],{"class":74},[60,30730,30731,30733,30735,30737],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30732,140],{"class":139},[60,30734,124],{"class":74},[60,30736,1634],{"class":120},[60,30738,133],{"class":74},[20,30740,404],{},[51,30742,30744],{"className":53,"code":30743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30745,30746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30747,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30749,202],{"class":74},[60,30751,205],{"class":78},[60,30753,30],{"class":82},[60,30755,205],{"class":78},[60,30757,258],{"class":74},[60,30759,5916],{"class":357},[60,30761,108],{"class":74},[46,30763,8331,30765,30767],{"id":30764},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30766,14845],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30769,30770,30771,117],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30772,14845],{},[20,30774,30775],{},"It is useful when:",[260,30777,30778,30781,30784],{},[263,30779,30780],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[263,30782,30783],{},"Adding extra settings",[263,30785,30786],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30788,2127],{},[51,30790,30792],{"className":53,"code":30791,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30793,30794,30831,30868,30872,30887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30795,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30797,13717],{"class":66},[60,30799,71],{"class":70},[60,30801,75],{"class":74},[60,30803,79],{"class":78},[60,30805,12389],{"class":82},[60,30807,79],{"class":78},[60,30809,258],{"class":74},[60,30811,91],{"class":78},[60,30813,20817],{"class":82},[60,30815,79],{"class":78},[60,30817,88],{"class":74},[60,30819,91],{"class":78},[60,30821,13742],{"class":82},[60,30823,79],{"class":78},[60,30825,258],{"class":74},[60,30827,30828],{"class":357}," 12",[60,30830,108],{"class":74},[60,30832,30833,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30834,30835],{"class":66},"new_settings ",[60,30837,71],{"class":70},[60,30839,75],{"class":74},[60,30841,79],{"class":78},[60,30843,13742],{"class":82},[60,30845,79],{"class":78},[60,30847,258],{"class":74},[60,30849,13749],{"class":357},[60,30851,88],{"class":74},[60,30853,91],{"class":78},[60,30855,20012],{"class":82},[60,30857,79],{"class":78},[60,30859,258],{"class":74},[60,30861,91],{"class":78},[60,30863,20046],{"class":82},[60,30865,79],{"class":78},[60,30867,108],{"class":74},[60,30869,30870],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,30871,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,30873,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30885],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,30875,13776],{"class":66},[60,30877,117],{"class":74},[60,30879,30349],{"class":120},[60,30881,124],{"class":74},[60,30883,30884],{"class":120},"new_settings",[60,30886,133],{"class":74},[60,30888,30889,30891,30893,30895],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,30890,140],{"class":139},[60,30892,124],{"class":74},[60,30894,13776],{"class":120},[60,30896,133],{"class":74},[20,30898,404],{},[51,30900,30902],{"className":53,"code":30901,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30903,30904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30907,202],{"class":74},[60,30909,205],{"class":78},[60,30911,12389],{"class":82},[60,30913,205],{"class":78},[60,30915,258],{"class":74},[60,30917,214],{"class":78},[60,30919,20817],{"class":82},[60,30921,205],{"class":78},[60,30923,88],{"class":74},[60,30925,214],{"class":78},[60,30927,13742],{"class":82},[60,30929,205],{"class":78},[60,30931,258],{"class":74},[60,30933,13749],{"class":357},[60,30935,88],{"class":74},[60,30937,214],{"class":78},[60,30939,20012],{"class":82},[60,30941,205],{"class":78},[60,30943,258],{"class":74},[60,30945,214],{"class":78},[60,30947,20046],{"class":82},[60,30949,205],{"class":78},[60,30951,108],{"class":74},[20,30953,13300],{},[260,30955,30956,30961],{},[263,30957,30958,30960],{},[15,30959,13742],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[263,30962,30963,30965],{},[15,30964,20012],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30967,30968,30969,117],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[30,30970,30972],{"href":30971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[46,30974,8331,30976,30978],{"id":30975},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30977,14845],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30980,30981,30983],{},[15,30982,14845],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30985,30986],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[51,30988,30990],{"className":53,"code":30989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30991,30992,31012,31047,31051,31065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30993,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30995,4974],{"class":66},[60,30997,71],{"class":70},[60,30999,75],{"class":74},[60,31001,79],{"class":78},[60,31003,18307],{"class":82},[60,31005,79],{"class":78},[60,31007,258],{"class":74},[60,31009,19787],{"class":357},[60,31011,108],{"class":74},[60,31013,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31039,31041,31043,31045],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31015,9123],{"class":66},[60,31017,71],{"class":70},[60,31019,9128],{"class":74},[60,31021,79],{"class":78},[60,31023,18316],{"class":82},[60,31025,79],{"class":78},[60,31027,88],{"class":74},[60,31029,13398],{"class":357},[60,31031,9141],{"class":74},[60,31033,9144],{"class":74},[60,31035,79],{"class":78},[60,31037,31038],{"class":82},"english",[60,31040,79],{"class":78},[60,31042,88],{"class":74},[60,31044,28805],{"class":357},[60,31046,9157],{"class":74},[60,31048,31049],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31050,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31052,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,31054,16280],{"class":66},[60,31056,117],{"class":74},[60,31058,30349],{"class":120},[60,31060,124],{"class":74},[60,31062,9170],{"class":120},[60,31064,133],{"class":74},[60,31066,31067,31069,31071,31073],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,31068,140],{"class":139},[60,31070,124],{"class":74},[60,31072,16280],{"class":120},[60,31074,133],{"class":74},[20,31076,404],{},[51,31078,31080],{"className":53,"code":31079,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31081,31082],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31083,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31085,202],{"class":74},[60,31087,205],{"class":78},[60,31089,18307],{"class":82},[60,31091,205],{"class":78},[60,31093,258],{"class":74},[60,31095,19787],{"class":357},[60,31097,88],{"class":74},[60,31099,214],{"class":78},[60,31101,18316],{"class":82},[60,31103,205],{"class":78},[60,31105,258],{"class":74},[60,31107,13398],{"class":357},[60,31109,88],{"class":74},[60,31111,214],{"class":78},[60,31113,31038],{"class":82},[60,31115,205],{"class":78},[60,31117,258],{"class":74},[60,31119,28805],{"class":357},[60,31121,108],{"class":74},[20,31123,31124],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[260,31126,31127,31130],{},[263,31128,31129],{},"The key",[263,31131,31132],{},"The value",[20,31134,31135],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31137,31138],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[51,31140,31142],{"className":53,"code":31141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31143,31144,31164,31189,31193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31145,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31147,1613],{"class":66},[60,31149,71],{"class":70},[60,31151,75],{"class":74},[60,31153,79],{"class":78},[60,31155,30],{"class":82},[60,31157,79],{"class":78},[60,31159,258],{"class":74},[60,31161,5408],{"class":357},[60,31163,108],{"class":74},[60,31165,31166,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31167,31168],{"class":66},"bad_pairs ",[60,31170,71],{"class":70},[60,31172,9128],{"class":74},[60,31174,79],{"class":78},[60,31176,1428],{"class":82},[60,31178,79],{"class":78},[60,31180,88],{"class":74},[60,31182,363],{"class":357},[60,31184,88],{"class":74},[60,31186,368],{"class":357},[60,31188,9157],{"class":74},[60,31190,31191],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31192,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31194,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31206],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,31196,1634],{"class":66},[60,31198,117],{"class":74},[60,31200,30349],{"class":120},[60,31202,124],{"class":74},[60,31204,31205],{"class":120},"bad_pairs",[60,31207,133],{"class":74},[20,31209,31210],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31212,31213],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[46,31215,31217],{"id":31216},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31219,31220],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[51,31222,31224],{"className":53,"code":31223,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31225,31226,31250,31282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31227,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31229,11386],{"class":66},[60,31231,71],{"class":70},[60,31233,75],{"class":74},[60,31235,79],{"class":78},[60,31237,7580],{"class":82},[60,31239,79],{"class":78},[60,31241,258],{"class":74},[60,31243,91],{"class":78},[60,31245,28798],{"class":82},[60,31247,79],{"class":78},[60,31249,108],{"class":74},[60,31251,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31271,31273,31275,31278,31280],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31253,11479],{"class":66},[60,31255,117],{"class":74},[60,31257,30349],{"class":120},[60,31259,124],{"class":74},[60,31261,9206],{"class":9084},[60,31263,71],{"class":70},[60,31265,9102],{"class":357},[60,31267,88],{"class":74},[60,31269,31270],{"class":9084}," city",[60,31272,71],{"class":70},[60,31274,79],{"class":78},[60,31276,31277],{"class":82},"Madrid",[60,31279,79],{"class":78},[60,31281,133],{"class":74},[60,31283,31284,31286,31288,31290],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31285,140],{"class":139},[60,31287,124],{"class":74},[60,31289,11479],{"class":120},[60,31291,133],{"class":74},[20,31293,404],{},[51,31295,31297],{"className":53,"code":31296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31298,31299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31300,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31302,202],{"class":74},[60,31304,205],{"class":78},[60,31306,7580],{"class":82},[60,31308,205],{"class":78},[60,31310,258],{"class":74},[60,31312,214],{"class":78},[60,31314,28798],{"class":82},[60,31316,205],{"class":78},[60,31318,88],{"class":74},[60,31320,214],{"class":78},[60,31322,9206],{"class":82},[60,31324,205],{"class":78},[60,31326,258],{"class":74},[60,31328,9213],{"class":357},[60,31330,88],{"class":74},[60,31332,214],{"class":78},[60,31334,10315],{"class":82},[60,31336,205],{"class":78},[60,31338,258],{"class":74},[60,31340,214],{"class":78},[60,31342,31277],{"class":82},[60,31344,205],{"class":78},[60,31346,108],{"class":74},[20,31348,31349],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31351,31352],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31354,31355],{},"These work:",[260,31357,31358,31362,31366],{},[263,31359,31360],{},[15,31361,9206],{},[263,31363,31364],{},[15,31365,10315],{},[263,31367,31368],{},[15,31369,31370],{},"first_name",[20,31372,31373],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[260,31375,31376,31381],{},[263,31377,31378],{},[15,31379,31380],{},"\"first name\"",[263,31382,31383],{},[15,31384,31385],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31387,31388],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[51,31390,31392],{"className":53,"code":31391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31393,31394,31402,31442],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31395,31396,31398,31400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31397,11386],{"class":66},[60,31399,71],{"class":70},[60,31401,9744],{"class":74},[60,31403,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31433,31435,31437,31440],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31405,11479],{"class":66},[60,31407,117],{"class":74},[60,31409,30349],{"class":120},[60,31411,5440],{"class":74},[60,31413,79],{"class":78},[60,31415,10418],{"class":82},[60,31417,79],{"class":78},[60,31419,258],{"class":74},[60,31421,91],{"class":78},[60,31423,28798],{"class":82},[60,31425,79],{"class":78},[60,31427,88],{"class":74},[60,31429,91],{"class":78},[60,31431,31432],{"class":82},"user-id",[60,31434,79],{"class":78},[60,31436,258],{"class":74},[60,31438,31439],{"class":357}," 1001",[60,31441,30381],{"class":74},[60,31443,31444,31446,31448,31450],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31445,140],{"class":139},[60,31447,124],{"class":74},[60,31449,11479],{"class":120},[60,31451,133],{"class":74},[46,31453,17310],{"id":17309},[20,31455,31456,641,31458,117],{},[15,31457,14845],{},[15,31459,277],{},[20,31461,13940],{},[20,31463,24595],{},[51,31465,31467],{"className":53,"code":31466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31468,31469,31493,31519,31523,31533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31470,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31472,13095],{"class":66},[60,31474,71],{"class":70},[60,31476,75],{"class":74},[60,31478,79],{"class":78},[60,31480,7580],{"class":82},[60,31482,79],{"class":78},[60,31484,258],{"class":74},[60,31486,91],{"class":78},[60,31488,12774],{"class":82},[60,31490,79],{"class":78},[60,31492,108],{"class":74},[60,31494,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31496,688],{"class":66},[60,31498,71],{"class":70},[60,31500,13138],{"class":66},[60,31502,117],{"class":74},[60,31504,30349],{"class":120},[60,31506,5440],{"class":74},[60,31508,79],{"class":78},[60,31510,9206],{"class":82},[60,31512,79],{"class":78},[60,31514,258],{"class":74},[60,31516,7702],{"class":357},[60,31518,30381],{"class":74},[60,31520,31521],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31522,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31524,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,31526,140],{"class":139},[60,31528,124],{"class":74},[60,31530,720],{"class":120},[60,31532,133],{"class":74},[60,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,31536,140],{"class":139},[60,31538,124],{"class":74},[60,31540,17198],{"class":120},[60,31542,133],{"class":74},[20,31544,404],{},[51,31546,31548],{"className":53,"code":31547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31549,31550,31554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31551,31552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31553,727],{"class":734},[60,31555,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31557,202],{"class":74},[60,31559,205],{"class":78},[60,31561,7580],{"class":82},[60,31563,205],{"class":78},[60,31565,258],{"class":74},[60,31567,214],{"class":78},[60,31569,12774],{"class":82},[60,31571,205],{"class":78},[60,31573,88],{"class":74},[60,31575,214],{"class":78},[60,31577,9206],{"class":82},[60,31579,205],{"class":78},[60,31581,258],{"class":74},[60,31583,7702],{"class":357},[60,31585,108],{"class":74},[20,31587,16546],{},[51,31589,31591],{"className":53,"code":31590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31592,31593,31617,31639,31643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31594,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31596,13095],{"class":66},[60,31598,71],{"class":70},[60,31600,75],{"class":74},[60,31602,79],{"class":78},[60,31604,7580],{"class":82},[60,31606,79],{"class":78},[60,31608,258],{"class":74},[60,31610,91],{"class":78},[60,31612,12774],{"class":82},[60,31614,79],{"class":78},[60,31616,108],{"class":74},[60,31618,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31620,17198],{"class":66},[60,31622,117],{"class":74},[60,31624,30349],{"class":120},[60,31626,5440],{"class":74},[60,31628,79],{"class":78},[60,31630,9206],{"class":82},[60,31632,79],{"class":78},[60,31634,258],{"class":74},[60,31636,7702],{"class":357},[60,31638,30381],{"class":74},[60,31640,31641],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31642,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31644,31645,31647,31649,31651],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,31646,140],{"class":139},[60,31648,124],{"class":74},[60,31650,17198],{"class":120},[60,31652,133],{"class":74},[20,31654,404],{},[51,31656,31658],{"className":53,"code":31657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31659,31660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31661,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31663,202],{"class":74},[60,31665,205],{"class":78},[60,31667,7580],{"class":82},[60,31669,205],{"class":78},[60,31671,258],{"class":74},[60,31673,214],{"class":78},[60,31675,12774],{"class":82},[60,31677,205],{"class":78},[60,31679,88],{"class":74},[60,31681,214],{"class":78},[60,31683,9206],{"class":82},[60,31685,205],{"class":78},[60,31687,258],{"class":74},[60,31689,7702],{"class":357},[60,31691,108],{"class":74},[20,31693,31694,31695,117],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[30,31696,17794],{"href":10635},[46,31698,1220,31700],{"id":31699},"when-to-use-update",[15,31701,14845],{},[20,31703,243,31704,1227],{},[15,31705,14845],{},[260,31707,31708,31711,31714,31717],{},[263,31709,31710],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[263,31712,31713],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[263,31715,31716],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[263,31718,31719],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31721,31722],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[51,31724,31726],{"className":53,"code":31725,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31727,31728,31764,31779,31783,31822,31826,31836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31729,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31731,11980],{"class":66},[60,31733,71],{"class":70},[60,31735,75],{"class":74},[60,31737,79],{"class":78},[60,31739,7580],{"class":82},[60,31741,79],{"class":78},[60,31743,258],{"class":74},[60,31745,91],{"class":78},[60,31747,12774],{"class":82},[60,31749,79],{"class":78},[60,31751,88],{"class":74},[60,31753,91],{"class":78},[60,31755,9206],{"class":82},[60,31757,79],{"class":78},[60,31759,258],{"class":74},[60,31761,7702],{"class":357},[60,31763,108],{"class":74},[60,31765,31766,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31767,31768],{"class":66},"updated ",[60,31770,71],{"class":70},[60,31772,12055],{"class":66},[60,31774,117],{"class":74},[60,31776,12805],{"class":120},[60,31778,8555],{"class":74},[60,31780,31781],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,31782,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31784,31785,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,31786,31787],{"class":66},"updated",[60,31789,117],{"class":74},[60,31791,30349],{"class":120},[60,31793,5440],{"class":74},[60,31795,79],{"class":78},[60,31797,9206],{"class":82},[60,31799,79],{"class":78},[60,31801,258],{"class":74},[60,31803,30362],{"class":357},[60,31805,88],{"class":74},[60,31807,91],{"class":78},[60,31809,10315],{"class":82},[60,31811,79],{"class":78},[60,31813,258],{"class":74},[60,31815,91],{"class":78},[60,31817,15922],{"class":82},[60,31819,79],{"class":78},[60,31821,30381],{"class":74},[60,31823,31824],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,31825,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,31827,31828,31830,31832,31834],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,31829,140],{"class":139},[60,31831,124],{"class":74},[60,31833,12027],{"class":120},[60,31835,133],{"class":74},[60,31837,31838,31840,31842,31844],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,31839,140],{"class":139},[60,31841,124],{"class":74},[60,31843,31787],{"class":120},[60,31845,133],{"class":74},[20,31847,404],{},[51,31849,31851],{"className":53,"code":31850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31852,31853,31885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31856,202],{"class":74},[60,31858,205],{"class":78},[60,31860,7580],{"class":82},[60,31862,205],{"class":78},[60,31864,258],{"class":74},[60,31866,214],{"class":78},[60,31868,12774],{"class":82},[60,31870,205],{"class":78},[60,31872,88],{"class":74},[60,31874,214],{"class":78},[60,31876,9206],{"class":82},[60,31878,205],{"class":78},[60,31880,258],{"class":74},[60,31882,7702],{"class":357},[60,31884,108],{"class":74},[60,31886,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31888,202],{"class":74},[60,31890,205],{"class":78},[60,31892,7580],{"class":82},[60,31894,205],{"class":78},[60,31896,258],{"class":74},[60,31898,214],{"class":78},[60,31900,12774],{"class":82},[60,31902,205],{"class":78},[60,31904,88],{"class":74},[60,31906,214],{"class":78},[60,31908,9206],{"class":82},[60,31910,205],{"class":78},[60,31912,258],{"class":74},[60,31914,30362],{"class":357},[60,31916,88],{"class":74},[60,31918,214],{"class":78},[60,31920,10315],{"class":82},[60,31922,205],{"class":78},[60,31924,258],{"class":74},[60,31926,214],{"class":78},[60,31928,15922],{"class":82},[60,31930,205],{"class":78},[60,31932,108],{"class":74},[20,31934,31935,31936,117],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[30,31937,16489],{"href":16488},[46,31939,1245],{"id":1244},[20,31941,10651,31942,258],{},[15,31943,14845],{},[260,31945,31946,31953,31957,31960,31963],{},[263,31947,12489,31948,31950,31951],{},[15,31949,14845],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31952,277],{},[263,31954,1254,31955,12497],{},[15,31956,14845],{},[263,31958,31959],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[263,31961,31962],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[263,31964,31965],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31967,31968],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[51,31970,31972],{"className":53,"code":31971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31973,31974,31984,31998,32012,32034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31975,31976,31978,31980,31982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31977,140],{"class":139},[60,31979,124],{"class":74},[60,31981,11349],{"class":120},[60,31983,133],{"class":74},[60,31985,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31987,140],{"class":139},[60,31989,124],{"class":74},[60,31991,1684],{"class":1683},[60,31993,124],{"class":74},[60,31995,1634],{"class":120},[60,31997,1691],{"class":74},[60,31999,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32001,140],{"class":139},[60,32003,124],{"class":74},[60,32005,8006],{"class":1683},[60,32007,124],{"class":74},[60,32009,1634],{"class":120},[60,32011,1691],{"class":74},[60,32013,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,32015,140],{"class":139},[60,32017,124],{"class":74},[60,32019,11349],{"class":120},[60,32021,117],{"class":74},[60,32023,19639],{"class":120},[60,32025,124],{"class":74},[60,32027,205],{"class":78},[60,32029,14732],{"class":82},[60,32031,205],{"class":78},[60,32033,1691],{"class":74},[60,32035,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,32037,1713],{"class":139},[60,32039,124],{"class":74},[60,32041,8733],{"class":1683},[60,32043,117],{"class":74},[60,32045,30349],{"class":1723},[60,32047,133],{"class":74},[20,32049,32050],{},"These can help you check:",[260,32052,32053,32056,32061,32064,32067],{},[263,32054,32055],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[263,32057,32058,32059],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32060,14845],{},[263,32062,32063],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[263,32065,32066],{},"Whether a key exists",[263,32068,32069],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32071,32072,32073,117],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[30,32074,1839],{"href":630},[46,32076,1746],{"id":1745},[337,32078,12599,32080,32082],{"id":32079},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32081,14845],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32084,32085,32086,117],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32087,277],{},[337,32089,12599,32091,32093],{"id":32090},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32092,14845],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32095,32096],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[337,32098,5079,32100,32102],{"id":32099},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32101,14845],{}," add new keys?",[20,32104,32105],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[337,32107,1795,32109,32111],{"id":32108},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32110,14845],{}," with a list?",[20,32113,32114,32115,117],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32116,10997],{},[337,32118,1773,32120,32122],{"id":32119},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32121,14845],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32124,32125,32126,32128],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32127,14845],{}," can change many keys at once.",[46,32130,1808],{"id":1807},[260,32132,32133,32137,32141,32146,32150],{},[263,32134,32135],{},[30,32136,25981],{"href":9297},[263,32138,32139],{},[30,32140,11153],{"href":10635},[263,32142,32143],{},[30,32144,32145],{"href":30971},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[263,32147,32148],{},[30,32149,21346],{"href":16488},[263,32151,32152],{},[30,32153,1839],{"href":630},[1841,32155,32156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":32158},[32159,32160,32162,32163,32165,32167,32168,32169,32171,32172,32184],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":30404,"depth":111,"text":32161},"What update() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":30764,"depth":111,"text":32164},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30975,"depth":111,"text":32166},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31216,"depth":111,"text":31217},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":31699,"depth":111,"text":32170},"When to use update()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":32173},[32174,32176,32178,32180,32182],{"id":32079,"depth":136,"text":32175},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32090,"depth":136,"text":32177},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32099,"depth":136,"text":32179},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32108,"depth":136,"text":32181},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32119,"depth":136,"text":32183},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30282,"description":32185},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32191,"title":32192,"body":32193,"description":34181,"extension":1883,"meta":34182,"navigation":152,"path":22781,"seo":34183,"stem":34184,"__hash__":34185},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32194,"toc":34144},[32195,32200,32207,32210,32212,32311,32313,32368,32373,32378,32392,32397,32399,32414,32416,32430,32443,32448,32454,32461,32463,32570,32572,32621,32627,32702,32704,32725,32727,32730,32835,32837,32892,32894,32922,32926,32931,33010,33012,33032,33034,33045,33055,33059,33064,33167,33169,33194,33197,33208,33213,33222,33225,33242,33244,33331,33333,33396,33398,33421,33423,33428,33434,33439,33441,33480,33486,33489,33508,33519,33525,33528,33601,33603,33622,33627,33630,33653,33659,33662,33726,33729,33806,33813,33816,33875,33881,33883,33902,33906,33909,33960,33963,33983,33985,34046,34048,34053,34058,34063,34068,34073,34078,34084,34087,34096,34104,34106,34141],[10,32196,11219,32198,18],{"id":32197},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32199,16962],{},[20,32201,32202,32203,32206],{},"The Python ",[15,32204,32205],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32208,32209],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[46,32211,49],{"id":48},[51,32213,32215],{"className":53,"code":32214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32216,32217,32269,32283,32287,32297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32218,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32220,12757],{"class":66},[60,32222,71],{"class":70},[60,32224,75],{"class":74},[60,32226,79],{"class":78},[60,32228,7580],{"class":82},[60,32230,79],{"class":78},[60,32232,258],{"class":74},[60,32234,91],{"class":78},[60,32236,12774],{"class":82},[60,32238,79],{"class":78},[60,32240,88],{"class":74},[60,32242,91],{"class":78},[60,32244,9206],{"class":82},[60,32246,79],{"class":78},[60,32248,258],{"class":74},[60,32250,7702],{"class":357},[60,32252,88],{"class":74},[60,32254,91],{"class":78},[60,32256,10315],{"class":82},[60,32258,79],{"class":78},[60,32260,258],{"class":74},[60,32262,91],{"class":78},[60,32264,15922],{"class":82},[60,32266,79],{"class":78},[60,32268,108],{"class":74},[60,32270,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32272,3736],{"class":66},[60,32274,71],{"class":70},[60,32276,12800],{"class":66},[60,32278,117],{"class":74},[60,32280,5268],{"class":120},[60,32282,8555],{"class":74},[60,32284,32285],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32286,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32288,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,32290,140],{"class":139},[60,32292,124],{"class":74},[60,32294,5268],{"class":120},[60,32296,133],{"class":74},[60,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,32300,140],{"class":139},[60,32302,124],{"class":74},[60,32304,8006],{"class":1683},[60,32306,124],{"class":74},[60,32308,5268],{"class":120},[60,32310,1691],{"class":74},[20,32312,404],{},[51,32314,32316],{"className":53,"code":32315,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32317,32318,32344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32319,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32321,16928],{"class":120},[60,32323,1641],{"class":74},[60,32325,205],{"class":78},[60,32327,12774],{"class":82},[60,32329,205],{"class":78},[60,32331,88],{"class":74},[60,32333,7702],{"class":357},[60,32335,88],{"class":74},[60,32337,214],{"class":78},[60,32339,15922],{"class":82},[60,32341,205],{"class":78},[60,32343,1646],{"class":74},[60,32345,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32347,3812],{"class":74},[60,32349,205],{"class":78},[60,32351,12774],{"class":82},[60,32353,205],{"class":78},[60,32355,88],{"class":74},[60,32357,7702],{"class":357},[60,32359,88],{"class":74},[60,32361,214],{"class":78},[60,32363,15922],{"class":82},[60,32365,205],{"class":78},[60,32367,1525],{"class":74},[20,32369,32370,32372],{},[15,32371,16962],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[46,32374,250,32376,253],{"id":32375},"what-values-does",[15,32377,16962],{},[260,32379,32380,32383,32386,32389],{},[263,32381,32382],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[263,32384,32385],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[263,32387,32388],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[263,32390,32391],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32393,32394,32395,117],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[30,32396,9298],{"href":9297},[46,32398,296],{"id":295},[51,32400,32402],{"className":53,"code":32401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32403,32404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32405,32406,32408,32410,32412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32407,11349],{"class":66},[60,32409,117],{"class":74},[60,32411,5268],{"class":120},[60,32413,8555],{"class":74},[20,32415,12946],{},[260,32417,32418,32422,32425],{},[263,32419,32420,11365],{},[15,32421,16962],{},[263,32423,32424],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[263,32426,32427,32428],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32429,16962],{},[20,32431,32432,32433,1776,32438,117],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[30,32434,32435,32437],{"href":16953},[15,32436,16956],{}," for dictionary keys",[30,32439,32440,32442],{"href":16966},[15,32441,16969],{}," for key-value pairs",[46,32444,250,32446,11600],{"id":32445},"what-values-returns",[15,32447,16962],{},[20,32449,32450,21864,32452,24650],{},[15,32451,16962],{},[15,32453,16928],{},[20,32455,32456,32457,32460],{},"This object is a ",[41,32458,32459],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32462,2127],{},[51,32464,32466],{"className":53,"code":32465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32467,32468,32504,32508,32523,32534,32538,32560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32469,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32471,13095],{"class":66},[60,32473,71],{"class":70},[60,32475,75],{"class":74},[60,32477,79],{"class":78},[60,32479,7580],{"class":82},[60,32481,79],{"class":78},[60,32483,258],{"class":74},[60,32485,91],{"class":78},[60,32487,7833],{"class":82},[60,32489,79],{"class":78},[60,32491,88],{"class":74},[60,32493,91],{"class":78},[60,32495,9206],{"class":82},[60,32497,79],{"class":78},[60,32499,258],{"class":74},[60,32501,9213],{"class":357},[60,32503,108],{"class":74},[60,32505,32506],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32507,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32509,32510,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32511,32512],{"class":66},"values_view ",[60,32514,71],{"class":70},[60,32516,13138],{"class":66},[60,32518,117],{"class":74},[60,32520,5268],{"class":120},[60,32522,8555],{"class":74},[60,32524,32525,32527,32529,32532],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,32526,140],{"class":139},[60,32528,124],{"class":74},[60,32530,32531],{"class":120},"values_view",[60,32533,133],{"class":74},[60,32535,32536],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,32537,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32539,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,32541,17198],{"class":66},[60,32543,3812],{"class":74},[60,32545,79],{"class":78},[60,32547,10315],{"class":82},[60,32549,79],{"class":78},[60,32551,13164],{"class":74},[60,32553,13167],{"class":70},[60,32555,91],{"class":78},[60,32557,30528],{"class":82},[60,32559,3273],{"class":78},[60,32561,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,32563,140],{"class":139},[60,32565,124],{"class":74},[60,32567,32531],{"class":120},[60,32569,133],{"class":74},[20,32571,404],{},[51,32573,32575],{"className":53,"code":32574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32576,32577,32595],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32578,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32580,16928],{"class":120},[60,32582,1641],{"class":74},[60,32584,205],{"class":78},[60,32586,7833],{"class":82},[60,32588,205],{"class":78},[60,32590,88],{"class":74},[60,32592,9213],{"class":357},[60,32594,1646],{"class":74},[60,32596,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32598,16928],{"class":120},[60,32600,1641],{"class":74},[60,32602,205],{"class":78},[60,32604,7833],{"class":82},[60,32606,205],{"class":78},[60,32608,88],{"class":74},[60,32610,9213],{"class":357},[60,32612,88],{"class":74},[60,32614,214],{"class":78},[60,32616,30528],{"class":82},[60,32618,205],{"class":78},[60,32620,1646],{"class":74},[20,32622,32623,32624,117],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32625,32626],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[51,32628,32630],{"className":53,"code":32629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32631,32632,32668,32687,32691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32633,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32635,13095],{"class":66},[60,32637,71],{"class":70},[60,32639,75],{"class":74},[60,32641,79],{"class":78},[60,32643,7580],{"class":82},[60,32645,79],{"class":78},[60,32647,258],{"class":74},[60,32649,91],{"class":78},[60,32651,7833],{"class":82},[60,32653,79],{"class":78},[60,32655,88],{"class":74},[60,32657,91],{"class":78},[60,32659,9206],{"class":82},[60,32661,79],{"class":78},[60,32663,258],{"class":74},[60,32665,9213],{"class":357},[60,32667,108],{"class":74},[60,32669,32670,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32671,32672],{"class":66},"values_list ",[60,32674,71],{"class":70},[60,32676,22446],{"class":1683},[60,32678,124],{"class":74},[60,32680,17198],{"class":120},[60,32682,117],{"class":74},[60,32684,5268],{"class":120},[60,32686,7105],{"class":74},[60,32688,32689],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32690,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32692,32693,32695,32697,32700],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,32694,140],{"class":139},[60,32696,124],{"class":74},[60,32698,32699],{"class":120},"values_list",[60,32701,133],{"class":74},[20,32703,404],{},[51,32705,32707],{"className":53,"code":32706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32708,32709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32710,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32712,3812],{"class":74},[60,32714,205],{"class":78},[60,32716,7833],{"class":82},[60,32718,205],{"class":78},[60,32720,88],{"class":74},[60,32722,9213],{"class":357},[60,32724,1525],{"class":74},[46,32726,839],{"id":838},[20,32728,32729],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[51,32731,32733],{"className":53,"code":32732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32734,32735,32789,32793,32807,32811,32821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32736,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32770,32772,32774,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32738,24682],{"class":66},[60,32740,71],{"class":70},[60,32742,75],{"class":74},[60,32744,79],{"class":78},[60,32746,24691],{"class":82},[60,32748,79],{"class":78},[60,32750,258],{"class":74},[60,32752,91],{"class":78},[60,32754,24700],{"class":82},[60,32756,79],{"class":78},[60,32758,88],{"class":74},[60,32760,91],{"class":78},[60,32762,24709],{"class":82},[60,32764,79],{"class":78},[60,32766,258],{"class":74},[60,32768,32769],{"class":357}," 2022",[60,32771,88],{"class":74},[60,32773,91],{"class":78},[60,32775,32776],{"class":82},"color",[60,32778,79],{"class":78},[60,32780,258],{"class":74},[60,32782,91],{"class":78},[60,32784,94],{"class":82},[60,32786,79],{"class":78},[60,32788,108],{"class":74},[60,32790,32791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32792,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32794,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32796,688],{"class":66},[60,32798,71],{"class":70},[60,32800,24731],{"class":66},[60,32802,117],{"class":74},[60,32804,5268],{"class":120},[60,32806,8555],{"class":74},[60,32808,32809],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,32810,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32812,32813,32815,32817,32819],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,32814,140],{"class":139},[60,32816,124],{"class":74},[60,32818,720],{"class":120},[60,32820,133],{"class":74},[60,32822,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,32824,140],{"class":139},[60,32826,124],{"class":74},[60,32828,8006],{"class":1683},[60,32830,124],{"class":74},[60,32832,720],{"class":120},[60,32834,1691],{"class":74},[20,32836,404],{},[51,32838,32840],{"className":53,"code":32839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32841,32842,32868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32843,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32845,16928],{"class":120},[60,32847,1641],{"class":74},[60,32849,205],{"class":78},[60,32851,24700],{"class":82},[60,32853,205],{"class":78},[60,32855,88],{"class":74},[60,32857,32769],{"class":357},[60,32859,88],{"class":74},[60,32861,214],{"class":78},[60,32863,94],{"class":82},[60,32865,205],{"class":78},[60,32867,1646],{"class":74},[60,32869,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32871,3812],{"class":74},[60,32873,205],{"class":78},[60,32875,24700],{"class":82},[60,32877,205],{"class":78},[60,32879,88],{"class":74},[60,32881,32769],{"class":357},[60,32883,88],{"class":74},[60,32885,214],{"class":78},[60,32887,94],{"class":82},[60,32889,205],{"class":78},[60,32891,1525],{"class":74},[20,32893,11578],{},[260,32895,32896,32902,32908,32916],{},[263,32897,32898,32901],{},[15,32899,32900],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[263,32903,32904,32907],{},[15,32905,32906],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[263,32909,32910,32913,32914,24504],{},[15,32911,32912],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32915,16928],{},[263,32917,32918,32921],{},[15,32919,32920],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[46,32923,32925],{"id":32924},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32927,32928,32929,25950],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32930,5869],{},[51,32932,32934],{"className":53,"code":32933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32935,32936,32980,32984,33000],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32937,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32939,4974],{"class":66},[60,32941,71],{"class":70},[60,32943,75],{"class":74},[60,32945,79],{"class":78},[60,32947,18307],{"class":82},[60,32949,79],{"class":78},[60,32951,258],{"class":74},[60,32953,19787],{"class":357},[60,32955,88],{"class":74},[60,32957,91],{"class":78},[60,32959,31038],{"class":82},[60,32961,79],{"class":78},[60,32963,258],{"class":74},[60,32965,13398],{"class":357},[60,32967,88],{"class":74},[60,32969,91],{"class":78},[60,32971,18316],{"class":82},[60,32973,79],{"class":78},[60,32975,258],{"class":74},[60,32977,28805],{"class":357},[60,32979,108],{"class":74},[60,32981,32982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32983,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,32985,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,32987,5869],{"class":1153},[60,32989,21473],{"class":66},[60,32991,1703],{"class":1153},[60,32993,5021],{"class":66},[60,32995,117],{"class":74},[60,32997,5268],{"class":120},[60,32999,21484],{"class":74},[60,33001,33002,33004,33006,33008],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33003,7981],{"class":139},[60,33005,124],{"class":74},[60,33007,315],{"class":120},[60,33009,133],{"class":74},[20,33011,404],{},[51,33013,33015],{"className":53,"code":33014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33016,33017,33022,33027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33018,33019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33020,33021],{"class":357},"90\n",[60,33023,33024],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33025,33026],{"class":357},"85\n",[60,33028,33029],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33030,33031],{"class":357},"88\n",[20,33033,17600],{},[260,33035,33036,33039,33042],{},[263,33037,33038],{},"You only need the values",[263,33040,33041],{},"You do not care about the keys",[263,33043,33044],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33046,33047,33048,288,33052,117],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[30,33049,10641,33050,1818],{"href":16966},[15,33051,16969],{},[30,33053,22363],{"href":33054},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[46,33056,33058],{"id":33057},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33060,243,33061,33063],{},[15,33062,32626],{}," when you need a list.",[51,33065,33067],{"className":53,"code":33066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33068,33069,33114,33118,33138,33142,33153],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33070,33071,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33072,33073],{"class":66},"fruit_prices ",[60,33075,71],{"class":70},[60,33077,75],{"class":74},[60,33079,79],{"class":78},[60,33081,495],{"class":82},[60,33083,79],{"class":78},[60,33085,258],{"class":74},[60,33087,363],{"class":357},[60,33089,88],{"class":74},[60,33091,91],{"class":78},[60,33093,504],{"class":82},[60,33095,79],{"class":78},[60,33097,258],{"class":74},[60,33099,5408],{"class":357},[60,33101,88],{"class":74},[60,33103,91],{"class":78},[60,33105,528],{"class":82},[60,33107,79],{"class":78},[60,33109,258],{"class":74},[60,33111,368],{"class":357},[60,33113,108],{"class":74},[60,33115,33116],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33117,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33119,33120,33123,33125,33127,33129,33132,33134,33136],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33121,33122],{"class":66},"price_list ",[60,33124,71],{"class":70},[60,33126,22446],{"class":1683},[60,33128,124],{"class":74},[60,33130,33131],{"class":120},"fruit_prices",[60,33133,117],{"class":74},[60,33135,5268],{"class":120},[60,33137,7105],{"class":74},[60,33139,33140],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33141,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33143,33144,33146,33148,33151],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,33145,140],{"class":139},[60,33147,124],{"class":74},[60,33149,33150],{"class":120},"price_list",[60,33152,133],{"class":74},[60,33154,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,33156,140],{"class":139},[60,33158,124],{"class":74},[60,33160,33150],{"class":120},[60,33162,3812],{"class":74},[60,33164,2039],{"class":357},[60,33166,1646],{"class":74},[20,33168,404],{},[51,33170,33172],{"className":53,"code":33171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33173,33174,33190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33175,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33177,3812],{"class":74},[60,33179,1303],{"class":357},[60,33181,88],{"class":74},[60,33183,5408],{"class":357},[60,33185,88],{"class":74},[60,33187,368],{"class":357},[60,33189,1525],{"class":74},[60,33191,33192],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33193,16947],{"class":357},[20,33195,33196],{},"This is helpful for:",[260,33198,33199,33202,33205],{},[263,33200,33201],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[263,33203,33204],{},"Accessing values by index",[263,33206,33207],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33209,3837,33210,33212],{},[15,33211,16928],{}," is not the same as a list.",[46,33214,33216,474,33218,474,33220],{"id":33215},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33217,16962],{},[15,33219,16956],{},[15,33221,16969],{},[20,33223,33224],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[260,33226,33227,33232,33237],{},[263,33228,33229,33231],{},[15,33230,16962],{}," returns only the values",[263,33233,33234,33236],{},[15,33235,16956],{}," returns only the keys",[263,33238,33239,33241],{},[15,33240,16969],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33243,2045],{},[51,33245,33247],{"className":53,"code":33246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33248,33249,33285,33289,33303,33317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33250,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33252,12757],{"class":66},[60,33254,71],{"class":70},[60,33256,75],{"class":74},[60,33258,79],{"class":78},[60,33260,7580],{"class":82},[60,33262,79],{"class":78},[60,33264,258],{"class":74},[60,33266,91],{"class":78},[60,33268,12774],{"class":82},[60,33270,79],{"class":78},[60,33272,88],{"class":74},[60,33274,91],{"class":78},[60,33276,9206],{"class":82},[60,33278,79],{"class":78},[60,33280,258],{"class":74},[60,33282,7702],{"class":357},[60,33284,108],{"class":74},[60,33286,33287],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33288,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33290,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33292,140],{"class":139},[60,33294,124],{"class":74},[60,33296,13517],{"class":120},[60,33298,117],{"class":74},[60,33300,16814],{"class":120},[60,33302,7105],{"class":74},[60,33304,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33306,140],{"class":139},[60,33308,124],{"class":74},[60,33310,13517],{"class":120},[60,33312,117],{"class":74},[60,33314,5268],{"class":120},[60,33316,7105],{"class":74},[60,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,33320,140],{"class":139},[60,33322,124],{"class":74},[60,33324,13517],{"class":120},[60,33326,117],{"class":74},[60,33328,517],{"class":120},[60,33330,7105],{"class":74},[20,33332,404],{},[51,33334,33336],{"className":53,"code":33335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33337,33338,33360,33378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33339,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33341,16905],{"class":120},[60,33343,1641],{"class":74},[60,33345,205],{"class":78},[60,33347,7580],{"class":82},[60,33349,205],{"class":78},[60,33351,88],{"class":74},[60,33353,214],{"class":78},[60,33355,9206],{"class":82},[60,33357,205],{"class":78},[60,33359,1646],{"class":74},[60,33361,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33363,16928],{"class":120},[60,33365,1641],{"class":74},[60,33367,205],{"class":78},[60,33369,12774],{"class":82},[60,33371,205],{"class":78},[60,33373,88],{"class":74},[60,33375,7702],{"class":357},[60,33377,1646],{"class":74},[60,33379,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33381,21797],{"class":120},[60,33383,9564],{"class":74},[60,33385,205],{"class":78},[60,33387,7580],{"class":82},[60,33389,205],{"class":78},[60,33391,88],{"class":74},[60,33393,7702],{"class":357},[60,33395,10583],{"class":74},[20,33397,18585],{},[260,33399,33400,33407,33414],{},[263,33401,33402,33406],{},[30,33403,33404],{"href":16953},[15,33405,16956],{}," when you need just the keys",[263,33408,33409,33413],{},[30,33410,33411],{"href":16959},[15,33412,16962],{}," when you need just the values",[263,33415,33416,33420],{},[30,33417,33418],{"href":16966},[15,33419,16969],{}," when you need both",[46,33422,4430],{"id":4429},[20,33424,33425,33426,117],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33427,16962],{},[337,33429,29535,33431,33433],{"id":33430},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33432,16962],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33435,33436,33438],{},[15,33437,16962],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33440,1498],{},[51,33442,33444],{"className":53,"code":33443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33445,33446,33466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33447,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33449,8221],{"class":66},[60,33451,71],{"class":70},[60,33453,1512],{"class":74},[60,33455,358],{"class":357},[60,33457,88],{"class":74},[60,33459,363],{"class":357},[60,33461,88],{"class":74},[60,33463,368],{"class":357},[60,33465,1525],{"class":74},[60,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33469,140],{"class":139},[60,33471,124],{"class":74},[60,33473,8252],{"class":120},[60,33475,117],{"class":74},[60,33477,5268],{"class":120},[60,33479,7105],{"class":74},[20,33481,33482,33483,33485],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33484,16962],{}," method.",[20,33487,33488],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[51,33490,33492],{"className":53,"code":33491,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33493,33494],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33495,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33497,140],{"class":139},[60,33499,124],{"class":74},[60,33501,1684],{"class":1683},[60,33503,124],{"class":74},[60,33505,8252],{"class":120},[60,33507,1691],{"class":74},[20,33509,33510,33511,33513,33514,117],{},"If you get an ",[15,33512,25557],{},", see ",[30,33515,25565,33516,33518],{"href":25564},[15,33517,25568],{}," errors",[337,33520,4490,33522,33524],{"id":33521},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33523,16962],{}," returns a list",[20,33526,33527],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[51,33529,33531],{"className":53,"code":33530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33532,33533,33569,33583,33587],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33534,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33536,12757],{"class":66},[60,33538,71],{"class":70},[60,33540,75],{"class":74},[60,33542,79],{"class":78},[60,33544,7580],{"class":82},[60,33546,79],{"class":78},[60,33548,258],{"class":74},[60,33550,91],{"class":78},[60,33552,12774],{"class":82},[60,33554,79],{"class":78},[60,33556,88],{"class":74},[60,33558,91],{"class":78},[60,33560,9206],{"class":82},[60,33562,79],{"class":78},[60,33564,258],{"class":74},[60,33566,7702],{"class":357},[60,33568,108],{"class":74},[60,33570,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33572,3736],{"class":66},[60,33574,71],{"class":70},[60,33576,12800],{"class":66},[60,33578,117],{"class":74},[60,33580,5268],{"class":120},[60,33582,8555],{"class":74},[60,33584,33585],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33586,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33588,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33590,140],{"class":139},[60,33592,124],{"class":74},[60,33594,1684],{"class":1683},[60,33596,124],{"class":74},[60,33598,5268],{"class":120},[60,33600,1691],{"class":74},[20,33602,404],{},[51,33604,33606],{"className":53,"code":33605,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33607,33608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33609,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33611,3205],{"class":70},[60,33613,3208],{"class":1984},[60,33615,214],{"class":78},[60,33617,16928],{"class":82},[60,33619,205],{"class":78},[60,33621,3217],{"class":70},[20,33623,1766,33624,33626],{},[15,33625,16928],{},", not a list.",[20,33628,33629],{},"If you need a list:",[51,33631,33633],{"className":53,"code":33632,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33634,33635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33636,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33638,3736],{"class":66},[60,33640,71],{"class":70},[60,33642,22446],{"class":1683},[60,33644,124],{"class":74},[60,33646,13517],{"class":120},[60,33648,117],{"class":74},[60,33650,5268],{"class":120},[60,33652,7105],{"class":74},[337,33654,33656,33657],{"id":33655},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33658,16928],{},[20,33660,33661],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[51,33663,33665],{"className":53,"code":33664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33666,33667,33703,33717,33721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33668,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33670,12757],{"class":66},[60,33672,71],{"class":70},[60,33674,75],{"class":74},[60,33676,79],{"class":78},[60,33678,7580],{"class":82},[60,33680,79],{"class":78},[60,33682,258],{"class":74},[60,33684,91],{"class":78},[60,33686,12774],{"class":82},[60,33688,79],{"class":78},[60,33690,88],{"class":74},[60,33692,91],{"class":78},[60,33694,9206],{"class":82},[60,33696,79],{"class":78},[60,33698,258],{"class":74},[60,33700,7702],{"class":357},[60,33702,108],{"class":74},[60,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33706,3736],{"class":66},[60,33708,71],{"class":70},[60,33710,12800],{"class":66},[60,33712,117],{"class":74},[60,33714,5268],{"class":120},[60,33716,8555],{"class":74},[60,33718,33719],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33720,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33722,33723],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33724,33725],{"class":177},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33727,33728],{},"Convert to a list first:",[51,33730,33732],{"className":53,"code":33731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33733,33734,33770,33788,33792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33735,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33737,12757],{"class":66},[60,33739,71],{"class":70},[60,33741,75],{"class":74},[60,33743,79],{"class":78},[60,33745,7580],{"class":82},[60,33747,79],{"class":78},[60,33749,258],{"class":74},[60,33751,91],{"class":78},[60,33753,12774],{"class":82},[60,33755,79],{"class":78},[60,33757,88],{"class":74},[60,33759,91],{"class":78},[60,33761,9206],{"class":82},[60,33763,79],{"class":78},[60,33765,258],{"class":74},[60,33767,7702],{"class":357},[60,33769,108],{"class":74},[60,33771,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33773,3736],{"class":66},[60,33775,71],{"class":70},[60,33777,22446],{"class":1683},[60,33779,124],{"class":74},[60,33781,13517],{"class":120},[60,33783,117],{"class":74},[60,33785,5268],{"class":120},[60,33787,7105],{"class":74},[60,33789,33790],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33791,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33793,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,33795,140],{"class":139},[60,33797,124],{"class":74},[60,33799,5268],{"class":120},[60,33801,3812],{"class":74},[60,33803,2039],{"class":357},[60,33805,1646],{"class":74},[337,33807,8331,33809,10994,33811],{"id":33808},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33810,5268],{},[15,33812,16962],{},[20,33814,33815],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[51,33817,33819],{"className":53,"code":33818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33820,33821,33857,33861],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33822,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33824,12757],{"class":66},[60,33826,71],{"class":70},[60,33828,75],{"class":74},[60,33830,79],{"class":78},[60,33832,7580],{"class":82},[60,33834,79],{"class":78},[60,33836,258],{"class":74},[60,33838,91],{"class":78},[60,33840,12774],{"class":82},[60,33842,79],{"class":78},[60,33844,88],{"class":74},[60,33846,91],{"class":78},[60,33848,9206],{"class":82},[60,33850,79],{"class":78},[60,33852,258],{"class":74},[60,33854,7702],{"class":357},[60,33856,108],{"class":74},[60,33858,33859],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33860,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,33862,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33864,140],{"class":139},[60,33866,124],{"class":74},[60,33868,13517],{"class":120},[60,33870,117],{"class":74},[60,33872,5268],{"class":1723},[60,33874,133],{"class":74},[20,33876,33877,33880],{},[15,33878,33879],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33882,18585],{},[51,33884,33886],{"className":53,"code":33885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33887,33888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33889,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33891,140],{"class":139},[60,33893,124],{"class":74},[60,33895,13517],{"class":120},[60,33897,117],{"class":74},[60,33899,5268],{"class":120},[60,33901,7105],{"class":74},[337,33903,33905],{"id":33904},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33907,33908],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[51,33910,33912],{"className":53,"code":33911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33913,33914,33946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33915,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33917,1613],{"class":66},[60,33919,71],{"class":70},[60,33921,75],{"class":74},[60,33923,79],{"class":78},[60,33925,30],{"class":82},[60,33927,79],{"class":78},[60,33929,258],{"class":74},[60,33931,5408],{"class":357},[60,33933,88],{"class":74},[60,33935,91],{"class":78},[60,33937,1428],{"class":82},[60,33939,79],{"class":78},[60,33941,258],{"class":74},[60,33943,363],{"class":357},[60,33945,108],{"class":74},[60,33947,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33949,140],{"class":139},[60,33951,124],{"class":74},[60,33953,1634],{"class":120},[60,33955,117],{"class":74},[60,33957,5268],{"class":120},[60,33959,7105],{"class":74},[20,33961,33962],{},"Not like this:",[51,33964,33966],{"className":53,"code":33965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33967,33968,33973,33978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33969,33970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33971,33972],{"class":177},"# Wrong examples:\n",[60,33974,33975],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33976,33977],{"class":177},"# data().values()\n",[60,33979,33980],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,33981,33982],{"class":177},"# values(data)\n",[20,33984,3254],{},[51,33986,33988],{"className":53,"code":33987,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33989,33990,34004,34014,34028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33991,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33993,140],{"class":139},[60,33995,124],{"class":74},[60,33997,1684],{"class":1683},[60,33999,124],{"class":74},[60,34001,11349],{"class":120},[60,34003,1691],{"class":74},[60,34005,34006,34008,34010,34012],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34007,140],{"class":139},[60,34009,124],{"class":74},[60,34011,11349],{"class":120},[60,34013,133],{"class":74},[60,34015,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,34017,140],{"class":139},[60,34019,124],{"class":74},[60,34021,11349],{"class":120},[60,34023,117],{"class":74},[60,34025,5268],{"class":120},[60,34027,7105],{"class":74},[60,34029,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,34031,140],{"class":139},[60,34033,124],{"class":74},[60,34035,8006],{"class":1683},[60,34037,124],{"class":74},[60,34039,11349],{"class":120},[60,34041,117],{"class":74},[60,34043,5268],{"class":120},[60,34045,6201],{"class":74},[46,34047,1746],{"id":1745},[337,34049,1760,34051,5055],{"id":34050},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34052,32205],{},[20,34054,17313,34055,34057],{},[15,34056,16928],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[337,34059,12599,34061,23818],{"id":34060},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34062,16962],{},[20,34064,23821,34065,23825],{},[15,34066,34067],{},"list(...)",[337,34069,25942,34071,1779],{"id":34070},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34072,32205],{},[20,34074,34075,34076,25950],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34077,5869],{},[337,34079,12599,34081,34083],{"id":34080},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34082,32205],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34085,34086],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[337,34088,34090,34091,34093,34094,1779],{"id":34089},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34092,16962],{}," different from ",[15,34095,16969],{},[20,34097,34098,34100,34101,34103],{},[15,34099,16962],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34102,16969],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[46,34105,1808],{"id":1807},[260,34107,34108,34114,34120,34124,34130,34134],{},[263,34109,34110],{},[30,34111,10641,34112,1818],{"href":16953},[15,34113,16956],{},[263,34115,34116],{},[30,34117,10641,34118,1818],{"href":16966},[15,34119,16969],{},[263,34121,34122],{},[30,34123,11144],{"href":9297},[263,34125,34126],{},[30,34127,34129],{"href":34128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[263,34131,34132],{},[30,34133,23903],{"href":33054},[263,34135,34136],{},[30,34137,30232,34138],{"href":25564},[15,34139,34140],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1841,34142,34143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":34145},[34146,34147,34149,34150,34152,34153,34154,34155,34157,34168,34180],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":32375,"depth":111,"text":34148},"What values() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":32445,"depth":111,"text":34151},"What values() returns",{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":32924,"depth":111,"text":32925},{"id":33057,"depth":111,"text":33058},{"id":33215,"depth":111,"text":34156},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":34158},[34159,34161,34163,34165,34167],{"id":33430,"depth":136,"text":34160},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33521,"depth":136,"text":34162},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33655,"depth":136,"text":34164},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33808,"depth":136,"text":34166},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33904,"depth":136,"text":33905},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":34169},[34170,34172,34174,34176,34178],{"id":34050,"depth":136,"text":34171},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34060,"depth":136,"text":34173},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34070,"depth":136,"text":34175},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34080,"depth":136,"text":34177},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34089,"depth":136,"text":34179},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32192,"description":34181},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34187,"title":34188,"body":34189,"description":35619,"extension":1883,"meta":35620,"navigation":152,"path":35621,"seo":35622,"stem":35623,"__hash__":35624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34190,"toc":35571},[34191,34197,34202,34205,34221,34230,34232,34264,34270,34273,34368,34371,34376,34381,34384,34395,34397,34411,34417,34419,34424,34430,34433,34472,34480,34485,34488,34533,34536,34548,34554,34560,34564,34597,34600,34618,34621,34625,34664,34666,34685,34688,34700,34705,34711,34714,34769,34772,34783,34786,34797,34800,34804,34810,34812,34842,34845,34860,34863,34866,34885,34888,34904,34913,34915,34946,34952,34957,34960,34967,34998,35001,35023,35026,35029,35043,35047,35078,35093,35100,35107,35111,35119,35123,35131,35134,35183,35194,35196,35199,35205,35210,35220,35224,35227,35230,35234,35237,35239,35260,35264,35270,35281,35287,35289,35295,35319,35322,35385,35388,35416,35419,35481,35483,35488,35491,35498,35506,35513,35516,35524,35530,35532,35559,35568],[10,34192,3491,34194,3495],{"id":34193},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34195,34196],{},"dir()",[20,34198,32202,34199,34201],{},[15,34200,34196],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34203,34204],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[260,34206,34207,34210,34213,34218],{},[263,34208,34209],{},"learning Python",[263,34211,34212],{},"exploring a new object",[263,34214,34215,34216],{},"debugging an ",[15,34217,25557],{},[263,34219,34220],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34222,34223,34224,34226,34227],{},"In short, ",[15,34225,34196],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[41,34228,34229],{},"“What can I use here?”",[46,34231,49],{"id":48},[51,34233,34235],{"className":53,"code":34234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34236,34237,34249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34238,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34240,7788],{"class":66},[60,34242,71],{"class":70},[60,34244,91],{"class":78},[60,34246,3759],{"class":82},[60,34248,3273],{"class":78},[60,34250,34251,34253,34255,34258,34260,34262],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34252,140],{"class":139},[60,34254,124],{"class":74},[60,34256,34257],{"class":139},"dir",[60,34259,124],{"class":74},[60,34261,7580],{"class":120},[60,34263,1691],{"class":74},[20,34265,243,34266,34269],{},[15,34267,34268],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34271,34272],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[51,34274,34276],{"className":53,"code":34275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34277,34278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34279,34280,34282,34284,34287,34289,34291,34293,34296,34298,34300,34302,34305,34307,34309,34311,34314,34316,34318,34320,34323,34325,34327,34329,34332,34334,34336,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352,34355,34357,34359,34361,34364,34366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34281,3812],{"class":74},[60,34283,205],{"class":78},[60,34285,34286],{"class":82},"__add__",[60,34288,205],{"class":78},[60,34290,88],{"class":74},[60,34292,214],{"class":78},[60,34294,34295],{"class":82},"__class__",[60,34297,205],{"class":78},[60,34299,88],{"class":74},[60,34301,214],{"class":78},[60,34303,34304],{"class":82},"__contains__",[60,34306,205],{"class":78},[60,34308,88],{"class":74},[60,34310,214],{"class":78},[60,34312,34313],{"class":82},"__delattr__",[60,34315,205],{"class":78},[60,34317,88],{"class":74},[60,34319,214],{"class":78},[60,34321,34322],{"class":82},"__dir__",[60,34324,205],{"class":78},[60,34326,88],{"class":74},[60,34328,214],{"class":78},[60,34330,34331],{"class":82},"__doc__",[60,34333,205],{"class":78},[60,34335,88],{"class":74},[60,34337,34339],{"class":34338},"s_hVV"," ...",[60,34341,88],{"class":74},[60,34343,214],{"class":78},[60,34345,8552],{"class":82},[60,34347,205],{"class":78},[60,34349,88],{"class":74},[60,34351,214],{"class":78},[60,34353,34354],{"class":82},"split",[60,34356,205],{"class":78},[60,34358,88],{"class":74},[60,34360,214],{"class":78},[60,34362,34363],{"class":82},"upper",[60,34365,205],{"class":78},[60,34367,1525],{"class":74},[20,34369,34370],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[46,34372,250,34374,253],{"id":34373},"what-dir-does",[15,34375,34196],{},[20,34377,34378,34380],{},[15,34379,34196],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34382,34383],{},"It usually includes:",[260,34385,34386,34389,34392],{},[263,34387,34388],{},"attributes",[263,34390,34391],{},"methods",[263,34393,34394],{},"special Python names",[20,34396,11358],{},[260,34398,34399,34405,34408],{},[263,34400,34401,34402],{},"The result is a ",[41,34403,34404],{},"list of strings",[263,34406,34407],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[263,34409,34410],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34412,34413,34414,34416],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34415,34196],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[46,34418,296],{"id":295},[20,34420,34421,34423],{},[15,34422,34196],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[337,34425,34427,34429],{"id":34426},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34428,34196],{}," with no argument",[20,34431,34432],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[51,34434,34436],{"className":53,"code":34435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34437,34438,34446,34458,34462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34439,34440,34442,34444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34441,2939],{"class":66},[60,34443,71],{"class":70},[60,34445,2504],{"class":357},[60,34447,34448,34450,34452,34454,34456],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34449,7788],{"class":66},[60,34451,71],{"class":70},[60,34453,91],{"class":78},[60,34455,7589],{"class":82},[60,34457,3273],{"class":78},[60,34459,34460],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,34461,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,34463,34464,34466,34468,34470],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,34465,140],{"class":139},[60,34467,124],{"class":74},[60,34469,34257],{"class":139},[60,34471,7105],{"class":74},[20,34473,34474,34475,1776,34477,34479],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34476,2093],{},[15,34478,7580],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[337,34481,34483],{"id":34482},"dirobject",[15,34484,34268],{},[20,34486,34487],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[51,34489,34491],{"className":53,"code":34490,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34492,34493,34511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34494,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505,34507,34509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34496,140],{"class":139},[60,34498,124],{"class":74},[60,34500,34257],{"class":139},[60,34502,124],{"class":74},[60,34504,79],{"class":78},[60,34506,3759],{"class":82},[60,34508,79],{"class":78},[60,34510,1691],{"class":74},[60,34512,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523,34525,34527,34529,34531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34514,140],{"class":139},[60,34516,124],{"class":74},[60,34518,34257],{"class":139},[60,34520,1641],{"class":74},[60,34522,358],{"class":357},[60,34524,88],{"class":74},[60,34526,363],{"class":357},[60,34528,88],{"class":74},[60,34530,368],{"class":357},[60,34532,2913],{"class":74},[20,34534,34535],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[260,34537,34538,34540,34542,34545],{},[263,34539,5218],{},[263,34541,5209],{},[263,34543,34544],{},"modules",[263,34546,34547],{},"custom objects",[46,34549,8331,34551,34553],{"id":34550},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34552,34196],{}," with a value",[20,34555,34556,34557,34559],{},"A common use of ",[15,34558,34196],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[337,34561,34563],{"id":34562},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[51,34565,34567],{"className":53,"code":34566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34568,34569,34582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34570,34571,34574,34576,34578,34580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34572,34573],{"class":66},"text ",[60,34575,71],{"class":70},[60,34577,91],{"class":78},[60,34579,3759],{"class":82},[60,34581,3273],{"class":78},[60,34583,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592,34595],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34585,140],{"class":139},[60,34587,124],{"class":74},[60,34589,34257],{"class":139},[60,34591,124],{"class":74},[60,34593,34594],{"class":120},"text",[60,34596,1691],{"class":74},[20,34598,34599],{},"You will see method names like:",[260,34601,34602,34606,34610,34614],{},[263,34603,34604],{},[15,34605,8552],{},[263,34607,34608],{},[15,34609,34363],{},[263,34611,34612],{},[15,34613,34354],{},[263,34615,34616],{},[15,34617,8546],{},[20,34619,34620],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[337,34622,34624],{"id":34623},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[51,34626,34628],{"className":53,"code":34627,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34629,34630,34650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34631,34632,34634,34636,34638,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34633,350],{"class":66},[60,34635,71],{"class":70},[60,34637,1512],{"class":74},[60,34639,358],{"class":357},[60,34641,88],{"class":74},[60,34643,363],{"class":357},[60,34645,88],{"class":74},[60,34647,368],{"class":357},[60,34649,1525],{"class":74},[60,34651,34652,34654,34656,34658,34660,34662],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34653,140],{"class":139},[60,34655,124],{"class":74},[60,34657,34257],{"class":139},[60,34659,124],{"class":74},[60,34661,380],{"class":120},[60,34663,1691],{"class":74},[20,34665,34599],{},[260,34667,34668,34672,34676,34680],{},[263,34669,34670],{},[15,34671,13444],{},[263,34673,34674],{},[15,34675,26127],{},[263,34677,34678],{},[15,34679,558],{},[263,34681,34682],{},[15,34683,34684],{},"sort",[20,34686,34687],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34689,34690,34691,34696,34697,34699],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[30,34692,34694],{"href":34693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34695,2221],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34698,34196],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[46,34701,8331,34703,34429],{"id":34702},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34704,34196],{},[20,34706,34707,34708,34710],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34709,34196],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34712,34713],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[51,34715,34717],{"className":53,"code":34716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34718,34719,34728,34732,34743,34755,34759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34720,34721,34723,34725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34722,2939],{"class":66},[60,34724,71],{"class":70},[60,34726,34727],{"class":357}," 5\n",[60,34729,34730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34731,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,34733,34734,34737,34741],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,34735,34736],{"class":1984},"def",[60,34738,34740],{"class":34739},"sGLFI"," greet",[60,34742,21484],{"class":74},[60,34744,34745,34748,34750,34753],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,34746,34747],{"class":1153},"    return",[60,34749,91],{"class":78},[60,34751,34752],{"class":82},"Hello",[60,34754,3273],{"class":78},[60,34756,34757],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,34758,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,34760,34761,34763,34765,34767],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,34762,140],{"class":139},[60,34764,124],{"class":74},[60,34766,34257],{"class":139},[60,34768,7105],{"class":74},[20,34770,34771],{},"The output will include names like:",[260,34773,34774,34778],{},[263,34775,34776],{},[15,34777,2093],{},[263,34779,34780],{},[15,34781,34782],{},"greet",[20,34784,34785],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[260,34787,34788,34791,34794],{},[263,34789,34790],{},"what variables exist",[263,34792,34793],{},"what functions you have defined",[263,34795,34796],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34798,34799],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[46,34801,34803],{"id":34802},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34805,34806,34807,34809],{},"When you first use ",[15,34808,34196],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34811,2127],{},[51,34813,34814],{"className":53,"code":34566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,34815,34816,34828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34817,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34819,34573],{"class":66},[60,34821,71],{"class":70},[60,34823,91],{"class":78},[60,34825,3759],{"class":82},[60,34827,3273],{"class":78},[60,34829,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34831,140],{"class":139},[60,34833,124],{"class":74},[60,34835,34257],{"class":139},[60,34837,124],{"class":74},[60,34839,34594],{"class":120},[60,34841,1691],{"class":74},[20,34843,34844],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[260,34846,34847,34851,34855],{},[263,34848,34849],{},[15,34850,34295],{},[263,34852,34853],{},[15,34854,34331],{},[263,34856,34857],{},[15,34858,34859],{},"__len__",[20,34861,34862],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34864,34865],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[260,34867,34868,34872,34876,34880],{},[263,34869,34870],{},[15,34871,34363],{},[263,34873,34874],{},[15,34875,8552],{},[263,34877,34878],{},[15,34879,34354],{},[263,34881,34882],{},[15,34883,34884],{},"replace",[20,34886,34887],{},"A key point to remember:",[260,34889,34890,34898],{},[263,34891,34892,34894,34895],{},[15,34893,34196],{}," lists ",[41,34896,34897],{},"names only",[263,34899,34900,34901,34903],{},"it does ",[41,34902,43],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34905,34906,34907,117],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[30,34908,34910],{"href":34909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34911,34912],{},"help()",[20,34914,5382],{},[51,34916,34918],{"className":53,"code":34917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34919,34920,34932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34921,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34923,7788],{"class":66},[60,34925,71],{"class":70},[60,34927,91],{"class":78},[60,34929,3759],{"class":82},[60,34931,3273],{"class":78},[60,34933,34934,34936,34938,34940,34942,34944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34935,1713],{"class":139},[60,34937,124],{"class":74},[60,34939,7580],{"class":120},[60,34941,117],{"class":74},[60,34943,34363],{"class":1723},[60,34945,133],{"class":74},[46,34947,34949,34951],{"id":34948},"dir-on-modules",[15,34950,34196],{}," on modules",[20,34953,15605,34954,34956],{},[15,34955,34196],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34958,34959],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[337,34961,34963,34964,34966],{"id":34962},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34965,18307],{}," module",[51,34968,34970],{"className":53,"code":34969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34971,34972,34980,34984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34973,34974,34977],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34975,34976],{"class":1153},"import",[60,34978,34979],{"class":66}," math\n",[60,34981,34982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34983,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,34985,34986,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,34987,140],{"class":139},[60,34989,124],{"class":74},[60,34991,34257],{"class":139},[60,34993,124],{"class":74},[60,34995,18307],{"class":120},[60,34997,1691],{"class":74},[20,34999,35000],{},"You may see names like:",[260,35002,35003,35008,35013,35018],{},[263,35004,35005],{},[15,35006,35007],{},"sqrt",[263,35009,35010],{},[15,35011,35012],{},"ceil",[263,35014,35015],{},[15,35016,35017],{},"floor",[263,35019,35020],{},[15,35021,35022],{},"pi",[20,35024,35025],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35027,35028],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[260,35030,35031,35037],{},[263,35032,35033],{},[30,35034,35036],{"href":35035},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[263,35038,35039],{},[30,35040,35042],{"href":35041},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[337,35044,35046],{"id":35045},"another-example","Another example",[51,35048,35050],{"className":53,"code":35049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35051,35052,35059,35063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35053,35054,35056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35055,34976],{"class":1153},[60,35057,35058],{"class":66}," json\n",[60,35060,35061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35062,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35064,35065,35067,35069,35071,35073,35076],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35066,140],{"class":139},[60,35068,124],{"class":74},[60,35070,34257],{"class":139},[60,35072,124],{"class":74},[60,35074,35075],{"class":120},"json",[60,35077,1691],{"class":74},[20,35079,35080,35081,36,35084,36,35087,16963,35090,117],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35082,35083],{},"dump",[15,35085,35086],{},"dumps",[15,35088,35089],{},"load",[15,35091,35092],{},"loads",[46,35094,35096,474,35098],{"id":35095},"dir-vs-help",[15,35097,34196],{},[15,35099,34912],{},[20,35101,35102,1776,35104,35106],{},[15,35103,34196],{},[15,35105,34912],{}," are often used together.",[337,35108,35109],{"id":34257},[15,35110,34196],{},[260,35112,35113,35116],{},[263,35114,35115],{},"shows available names",[263,35117,35118],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[337,35120,35121],{"id":1713},[15,35122,34912],{},[260,35124,35125,35128],{},[263,35126,35127],{},"explains what an object or function does",[263,35129,35130],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35132,35133],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[51,35135,35137],{"className":53,"code":35136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35138,35139,35151,35155,35169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35140,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35142,7788],{"class":66},[60,35144,71],{"class":70},[60,35146,91],{"class":78},[60,35148,3759],{"class":82},[60,35150,3273],{"class":78},[60,35152,35153],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35154,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35156,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35158,140],{"class":139},[60,35160,124],{"class":74},[60,35162,34257],{"class":139},[60,35164,124],{"class":74},[60,35166,7580],{"class":120},[60,35168,1691],{"class":74},[60,35170,35171,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,35172,1713],{"class":139},[60,35174,124],{"class":74},[60,35176,7580],{"class":120},[60,35178,117],{"class":74},[60,35180,34363],{"class":1723},[60,35182,133],{"class":74},[20,35184,243,35185,35187,35188,35190,35191,35193],{},[15,35186,34196],{}," first to find a method name.",[9752,35189],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35192,34912],{}," to understand how to use it.",[46,35195,25244],{"id":25243},[20,35197,35198],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[337,35200,35202,35204],{"id":35201},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35203,34196],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35206,35207,35209],{},[15,35208,34196],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35211,35212,35213,35215,35216,35219],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35214,34363],{}," in ",[15,35217,35218],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[337,35221,35223],{"id":35222},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35225,35226],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35228,35229],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[337,35231,35233],{"id":35232},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35235,35236],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35238,5382],{},[260,35240,35241,35246,35252],{},[263,35242,35243,35245],{},[15,35244,35218],{}," shows string-related names",[263,35247,35248,35251],{},[15,35249,35250],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[263,35253,35254,35257,35258,34966],{},[15,35255,35256],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35259,18307],{},[337,35261,35263],{"id":35262},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35265,35266,35267,35269],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35268,34196],{}," does not mean you already know:",[260,35271,35272,35275,35278],{},[263,35273,35274],{},"what it does",[263,35276,35277],{},"what arguments it needs",[263,35279,35280],{},"what it returns",[20,35282,35283,35284,35286],{},"That is why ",[15,35285,34912],{}," is the natural next step.",[46,35288,1245],{"id":1244},[20,35290,35291,35292,35294],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35293,34196],{}," in these situations:",[260,35296,35297,35300,35309,35312],{},[263,35298,35299],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[263,35301,35302,35303,35308],{},"Seeing an ",[30,35304,35306],{"href":35305},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35307,25557],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[263,35310,35311],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[263,35313,8331,35314,35316,35317],{},[15,35315,34196],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35318,34912],{},[20,35320,35321],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[51,35323,35325],{"className":53,"code":35324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35326,35327,35339,35343,35357,35371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35328,35329,35331,35333,35335,35337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35330,7788],{"class":66},[60,35332,71],{"class":70},[60,35334,91],{"class":78},[60,35336,3759],{"class":82},[60,35338,3273],{"class":78},[60,35340,35341],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35342,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35344,35345,35347,35349,35351,35353,35355],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35346,140],{"class":139},[60,35348,124],{"class":74},[60,35350,1684],{"class":1683},[60,35352,124],{"class":74},[60,35354,7580],{"class":120},[60,35356,1691],{"class":74},[60,35358,35359,35361,35363,35365,35367,35369],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,35360,140],{"class":139},[60,35362,124],{"class":74},[60,35364,34257],{"class":139},[60,35366,124],{"class":74},[60,35368,7580],{"class":120},[60,35370,1691],{"class":74},[60,35372,35373,35375,35377,35379,35381,35383],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,35374,1713],{"class":139},[60,35376,124],{"class":74},[60,35378,7580],{"class":120},[60,35380,117],{"class":74},[60,35382,34363],{"class":1723},[60,35384,133],{"class":74},[20,35386,35387],{},"And for modules:",[51,35389,35390],{"className":53,"code":34969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,35391,35392,35398,35402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35393,35394,35396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35395,34976],{"class":1153},[60,35397,34979],{"class":66},[60,35399,35400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35401,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35403,35404,35406,35408,35410,35412,35414],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35405,140],{"class":139},[60,35407,124],{"class":74},[60,35409,34257],{"class":139},[60,35411,124],{"class":74},[60,35413,18307],{"class":120},[60,35415,1691],{"class":74},[20,35417,35418],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[51,35420,35422],{"className":53,"code":35421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35423,35424,35429,35441,35451,35465,35471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35425,35426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35427,35428],{"class":66},"python\n",[60,35430,35431,35433,35435,35437,35439],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35432,7788],{"class":66},[60,35434,71],{"class":70},[60,35436,91],{"class":78},[60,35438,3759],{"class":82},[60,35440,3273],{"class":78},[60,35442,35443,35445,35447,35449],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35444,34257],{"class":139},[60,35446,124],{"class":74},[60,35448,7580],{"class":120},[60,35450,133],{"class":74},[60,35452,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,35454,1713],{"class":139},[60,35456,124],{"class":74},[60,35458,7580],{"class":120},[60,35460,117],{"class":74},[60,35462,34363],{"class":1723},[60,35464,133],{"class":74},[60,35466,35467,35469],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,35468,34976],{"class":1153},[60,35470,34979],{"class":66},[60,35472,35473,35475,35477,35479],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,35474,34257],{"class":139},[60,35476,124],{"class":74},[60,35478,18307],{"class":120},[60,35480,133],{"class":74},[46,35482,1746],{"id":1745},[337,35484,1760,35486,5055],{"id":35485},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35487,34196],{},[20,35489,35490],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[337,35492,1773,35494,1776,35496,1779],{"id":35493},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35495,34196],{},[15,35497,34912],{},[20,35499,35500,35502,35503,35505],{},[15,35501,34196],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35504,34912],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[337,35507,35509,35510,35512],{"id":35508},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35511,34196],{}," output?",[20,35514,35515],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[337,35517,5079,35519,35521,35522,1779],{"id":35518},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35520,34196],{}," help fix ",[15,35523,25557],{},[20,35525,35526,35527,117],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[30,35528,35529],{"href":35305},"object has no attribute",[46,35531,1808],{"id":1807},[260,35533,35534,35540,35545,35549,35553],{},[263,35535,35536],{},[30,35537,3491,35538,3424],{"href":34909},[15,35539,34912],{},[263,35541,35542],{},[30,35543,35544],{"href":35305},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[263,35546,35547],{},[30,35548,35036],{"href":35035},[263,35550,35551],{},[30,35552,35042],{"href":35041},[263,35554,35555],{},[30,35556,3491,35557,3424],{"href":34693},[15,35558,2221],{},[20,35560,35561,35562,35564,35565,35567],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35563,34196],{}," together with ",[15,35566,34912],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1841,35569,35570],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":35572},[35573,35574,35576,35581,35586,35588,35589,35595,35600,35607,35608,35618],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":34373,"depth":111,"text":35575},"What dir() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":35577},[35578,35580],{"id":34426,"depth":136,"text":35579},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34482,"depth":136,"text":34268},{"id":34550,"depth":111,"text":35582,"children":35583},"Using dir() with a value",[35584,35585],{"id":34562,"depth":136,"text":34563},{"id":34623,"depth":136,"text":34624},{"id":34702,"depth":111,"text":35587},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34802,"depth":111,"text":34803},{"id":34948,"depth":111,"text":35590,"children":35591},"dir() on modules",[35592,35594],{"id":34962,"depth":136,"text":35593},"Example: math module",{"id":35045,"depth":136,"text":35046},{"id":35095,"depth":111,"text":35596,"children":35597},"dir() vs help()",[35598,35599],{"id":34257,"depth":136,"text":34196},{"id":1713,"depth":136,"text":34912},{"id":25243,"depth":111,"text":25244,"children":35601},[35602,35604,35605,35606],{"id":35201,"depth":136,"text":35603},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35222,"depth":136,"text":35223},{"id":35232,"depth":136,"text":35233},{"id":35262,"depth":136,"text":35263},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":35609},[35610,35612,35614,35616],{"id":35485,"depth":136,"text":35611},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35493,"depth":136,"text":35613},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35508,"depth":136,"text":35615},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35518,"depth":136,"text":35617},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34188,"description":35619},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35626,"title":35627,"body":35628,"description":37443,"extension":1883,"meta":37444,"navigation":152,"path":37445,"seo":37446,"stem":37447,"__hash__":37448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35629,"toc":37412},[35630,35636,35641,35644,35652,35658,35660,35740,35742,35768,35773,35778,35783,35786,35797,35800,35802,35881,35883,35909,35916,35918,35920,35945,35948,35961,35966,35968,36047,36049,36075,36084,36089,36097,36103,36110,36113,36115,36192,36195,36252,36254,36291,36297,36302,36307,36310,36324,36326,36429,36431,36474,36483,36493,36500,36506,36513,36596,36598,36621,36624,36627,36629,36633,36637,36640,36703,36726,36729,36733,36739,36741,36808,36811,36888,36893,36899,36902,36905,36951,36953,36977,36982,36986,36991,36997,37060,37063,37065,37068,37092,37095,37230,37232,37333,37335,37340,37343,37349,37359,37367,37372,37378,37384,37386,37409],[10,35631,3491,35633,3495],{"id":35632},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35634,35635],{},"enumerate()",[20,35637,35638,35640],{},[15,35639,35635],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35642,35643],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[260,35645,35646,35649],{},[263,35647,35648],{},"the item itself",[263,35650,35651],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35653,35654,35655,35657],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35656,35635],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[46,35659,49],{"id":48},[51,35661,35663],{"className":53,"code":35662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35664,35665,35697,35701,35724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35666,35667,35669,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35668,67],{"class":66},[60,35670,71],{"class":70},[60,35672,1512],{"class":74},[60,35674,79],{"class":78},[60,35676,83],{"class":82},[60,35678,79],{"class":78},[60,35680,88],{"class":74},[60,35682,91],{"class":78},[60,35684,103],{"class":82},[60,35686,79],{"class":78},[60,35688,88],{"class":74},[60,35690,91],{"class":78},[60,35692,94],{"class":82},[60,35694,79],{"class":78},[60,35696,1525],{"class":74},[60,35698,35699],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35700,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35702,35703,35705,35708,35710,35713,35715,35718,35720,35722],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35704,5869],{"class":1153},[60,35706,35707],{"class":66}," index",[60,35709,88],{"class":74},[60,35711,35712],{"class":66}," color ",[60,35714,1703],{"class":1153},[60,35716,35717],{"class":139}," enumerate",[60,35719,124],{"class":74},[60,35721,114],{"class":120},[60,35723,8255],{"class":74},[60,35725,35726,35728,35730,35733,35735,35738],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,35727,7981],{"class":139},[60,35729,124],{"class":74},[60,35731,35732],{"class":120},"index",[60,35734,88],{"class":74},[60,35736,35737],{"class":120}," color",[60,35739,133],{"class":74},[20,35741,404],{},[51,35743,35745],{"className":53,"code":35744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35746,35747,35754,35761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35748,35749,35751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35750,2039],{"class":357},[60,35752,35753],{"class":66}," red\n",[60,35755,35756,35758],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35757,358],{"class":357},[60,35759,35760],{"class":66}," green\n",[60,35762,35763,35765],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35764,1303],{"class":357},[60,35766,35767],{"class":66}," blue\n",[20,35769,243,35770,35772],{},[15,35771,35635],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[46,35774,250,35776,253],{"id":35775},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35777,35635],{},[20,35779,35780,35782],{},[15,35781,35635],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35784,35785],{},"It is commonly used with:",[260,35787,35788,35790,35792,35794],{},[263,35789,5209],{},[263,35791,5212],{},[263,35793,5218],{},[263,35795,35796],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35798,35799],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35801,2127],{},[51,35803,35805],{"className":53,"code":35804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35806,35807,35841,35845,35866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35808,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825,35828,35830,35832,35834,35837,35839],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35810,4905],{"class":66},[60,35812,71],{"class":70},[60,35814,1512],{"class":74},[60,35816,79],{"class":78},[60,35818,12774],{"class":82},[60,35820,79],{"class":78},[60,35822,88],{"class":74},[60,35824,91],{"class":78},[60,35826,35827],{"class":82},"Ben",[60,35829,79],{"class":78},[60,35831,88],{"class":74},[60,35833,91],{"class":78},[60,35835,35836],{"class":82},"Cara",[60,35838,79],{"class":78},[60,35840,1525],{"class":74},[60,35842,35843],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35844,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,35846,35847,35849,35851,35853,35856,35858,35860,35862,35864],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35848,5869],{"class":1153},[60,35850,35707],{"class":66},[60,35852,88],{"class":74},[60,35854,35855],{"class":66}," name ",[60,35857,1703],{"class":1153},[60,35859,35717],{"class":139},[60,35861,124],{"class":74},[60,35863,4949],{"class":120},[60,35865,8255],{"class":74},[60,35867,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35879],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,35869,7981],{"class":139},[60,35871,124],{"class":74},[60,35873,35732],{"class":120},[60,35875,88],{"class":74},[60,35877,35878],{"class":120}," name",[60,35880,133],{"class":74},[20,35882,404],{},[51,35884,35886],{"className":53,"code":35885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35887,35888,35895,35902],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35889,35890,35892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35891,2039],{"class":357},[60,35893,35894],{"class":66}," Ana\n",[60,35896,35897,35899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35898,358],{"class":357},[60,35900,35901],{"class":66}," Ben\n",[60,35903,35904,35906],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,35905,1303],{"class":357},[60,35907,35908],{"class":66}," Cara\n",[20,35910,35911,35912,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[30,35913,35915],{"href":35914},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[46,35917,296],{"id":295},[20,35919,2079],{},[51,35921,35923],{"className":53,"code":35922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35924,35925],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35926,35927,35930,35932,35934,35936,35939,35941,35943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35928,35929],{"class":139},"enumerate",[60,35931,124],{"class":74},[60,35933,3634],{"class":120},[60,35935,88],{"class":74},[60,35937,35938],{"class":9084}," start",[60,35940,71],{"class":70},[60,35942,2039],{"class":357},[60,35944,133],{"class":74},[20,35946,35947],{},"It has two parts:",[260,35949,35950,35955],{},[263,35951,35952,35954],{},[15,35953,3634],{},": the object you want to loop through",[263,35956,35957,35960],{},[15,35958,35959],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35962,35963,35964,117],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35965,2039],{},[20,35967,2127],{},[51,35969,35971],{"className":53,"code":35970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35972,35973,36005,36009,36031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35974,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35976,1411],{"class":66},[60,35978,71],{"class":70},[60,35980,1512],{"class":74},[60,35982,79],{"class":78},[60,35984,30],{"class":82},[60,35986,79],{"class":78},[60,35988,88],{"class":74},[60,35990,91],{"class":78},[60,35992,1428],{"class":82},[60,35994,79],{"class":78},[60,35996,88],{"class":74},[60,35998,91],{"class":78},[60,36000,1437],{"class":82},[60,36002,79],{"class":78},[60,36004,1525],{"class":74},[60,36006,36007],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36008,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36010,36011,36013,36016,36018,36021,36023,36025,36027,36029],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36012,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36014,36015],{"class":66}," i",[60,36017,88],{"class":74},[60,36019,36020],{"class":66}," letter ",[60,36022,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36024,35717],{"class":139},[60,36026,124],{"class":74},[60,36028,1446],{"class":120},[60,36030,8255],{"class":74},[60,36032,36033,36035,36037,36040,36042,36045],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36034,7981],{"class":139},[60,36036,124],{"class":74},[60,36038,36039],{"class":120},"i",[60,36041,88],{"class":74},[60,36043,36044],{"class":120}," letter",[60,36046,133],{"class":74},[20,36048,404],{},[51,36050,36052],{"className":53,"code":36051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36053,36054,36061,36068],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36055,36056,36058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36057,2039],{"class":357},[60,36059,36060],{"class":66}," a\n",[60,36062,36063,36065],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36064,358],{"class":357},[60,36066,36067],{"class":66}," b\n",[60,36069,36070,36072],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36071,1303],{"class":357},[60,36073,36074],{"class":66}," c\n",[20,36076,36077,36078,117],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[30,36079,3491,36081,3424],{"href":36080},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36082,36083],{},"range()",[46,36085,250,36087,11600],{"id":36086},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36088,35635],{},[20,36090,36091,36093,36094,117],{},[15,36092,35635],{}," returns an ",[41,36095,36096],{},"enumerate object",[20,36098,36099,36100,36102],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36101,5869],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[260,36104,36105],{},[263,36106,36107],{},[15,36108,36109],{},"(index, item)",[20,36111,36112],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36114,2127],{},[51,36116,36118],{"className":53,"code":36117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36119,36120,36152,36156,36177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36121,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36123,852],{"class":66},[60,36125,71],{"class":70},[60,36127,1512],{"class":74},[60,36129,79],{"class":78},[60,36131,495],{"class":82},[60,36133,79],{"class":78},[60,36135,88],{"class":74},[60,36137,91],{"class":78},[60,36139,504],{"class":82},[60,36141,79],{"class":78},[60,36143,88],{"class":74},[60,36145,91],{"class":78},[60,36147,528],{"class":82},[60,36149,79],{"class":78},[60,36151,1525],{"class":74},[60,36153,36154],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36155,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36157,36158,36160,36162,36164,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36159,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36161,35707],{"class":66},[60,36163,88],{"class":74},[60,36165,36166],{"class":66}," fruit ",[60,36168,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36170,35717],{"class":139},[60,36172,124],{"class":74},[60,36174,913],{"class":120},[60,36176,8255],{"class":74},[60,36178,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36190],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36180,7981],{"class":139},[60,36182,124],{"class":74},[60,36184,35732],{"class":120},[60,36186,88],{"class":74},[60,36188,36189],{"class":120}," fruit",[60,36191,133],{"class":74},[20,36193,36194],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[51,36196,36198],{"className":53,"code":36197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36199,36200,36220,36224,36242],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36201,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36216,36218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36203,350],{"class":66},[60,36205,71],{"class":70},[60,36207,1512],{"class":74},[60,36209,2250],{"class":357},[60,36211,88],{"class":74},[60,36213,7702],{"class":357},[60,36215,88],{"class":74},[60,36217,7707],{"class":357},[60,36219,1525],{"class":74},[60,36221,36222],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36223,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36225,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36227,688],{"class":66},[60,36229,71],{"class":70},[60,36231,22446],{"class":1683},[60,36233,124],{"class":74},[60,36235,35929],{"class":139},[60,36237,124],{"class":74},[60,36239,380],{"class":120},[60,36241,1691],{"class":74},[60,36243,36244,36246,36248,36250],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36245,140],{"class":139},[60,36247,124],{"class":74},[60,36249,720],{"class":120},[60,36251,133],{"class":74},[20,36253,404],{},[51,36255,36257],{"className":53,"code":36256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36258,36259],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36260,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36262,21629],{"class":74},[60,36264,2039],{"class":357},[60,36266,88],{"class":74},[60,36268,5916],{"class":357},[60,36270,9141],{"class":74},[60,36272,9144],{"class":74},[60,36274,358],{"class":357},[60,36276,88],{"class":74},[60,36278,7702],{"class":357},[60,36280,9141],{"class":74},[60,36282,9144],{"class":74},[60,36284,1303],{"class":357},[60,36286,88],{"class":74},[60,36288,7707],{"class":357},[60,36290,9157],{"class":74},[20,36292,36293,36294,36296],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36295,35635],{}," produces.",[46,36298,1220,36300],{"id":36299},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36301,35635],{},[20,36303,243,36304,36306],{},[15,36305,35635],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36308,36309],{},"Common cases:",[260,36311,36312,36315,36318,36321],{},[263,36313,36314],{},"printing numbered output",[263,36316,36317],{},"building menus",[263,36319,36320],{},"showing positions in a list",[263,36322,36323],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36325,2127],{},[51,36327,36329],{"className":53,"code":36328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36330,36331,36366,36370,36400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36332,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36344,36346,36348,36350,36353,36355,36357,36359,36362,36364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36334,29783],{"class":66},[60,36336,71],{"class":70},[60,36338,1512],{"class":74},[60,36340,79],{"class":78},[60,36342,36343],{"class":82},"Wash dishes",[60,36345,79],{"class":78},[60,36347,88],{"class":74},[60,36349,91],{"class":78},[60,36351,36352],{"class":82},"Study Python",[60,36354,79],{"class":78},[60,36356,88],{"class":74},[60,36358,91],{"class":78},[60,36360,36361],{"class":82},"Go for a walk",[60,36363,79],{"class":78},[60,36365,1525],{"class":74},[60,36367,36368],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36369,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36371,36372,36374,36376,36378,36381,36383,36385,36387,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36373,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36375,2116],{"class":66},[60,36377,88],{"class":74},[60,36379,36380],{"class":66}," task ",[60,36382,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36384,35717],{"class":139},[60,36386,124],{"class":74},[60,36388,36389],{"class":120},"tasks",[60,36391,88],{"class":74},[60,36393,35938],{"class":9084},[60,36395,71],{"class":70},[60,36397,358],{"class":357},[60,36399,8255],{"class":74},[60,36401,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36423,36425,36427],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36403,7981],{"class":139},[60,36405,124],{"class":74},[60,36407,22182],{"class":1984},[60,36409,79],{"class":82},[60,36411,202],{"class":357},[60,36413,2159],{"class":120},[60,36415,22191],{"class":357},[60,36417,28199],{"class":82},[60,36419,202],{"class":357},[60,36421,36422],{"class":120},"task",[60,36424,22191],{"class":357},[60,36426,79],{"class":82},[60,36428,133],{"class":74},[20,36430,404],{},[51,36432,36434],{"className":53,"code":36433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36435,36436,36448,36460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36437,36438,36440,36442,36445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36439,358],{"class":357},[60,36441,117],{"class":74},[60,36443,36444],{"class":1723}," Wash",[60,36446,36447],{"class":66}," dishes\n",[60,36449,36450,36452,36454,36457],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36451,1303],{"class":357},[60,36453,117],{"class":74},[60,36455,36456],{"class":1723}," Study",[60,36458,36459],{"class":66}," Python\n",[60,36461,36462,36464,36466,36469,36471],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36463,389],{"class":357},[60,36465,117],{"class":74},[60,36467,36468],{"class":1723}," Go",[60,36470,3790],{"class":1153},[60,36472,36473],{"class":66}," a walk\n",[20,36475,36476,36477,36479,36480,117],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36478,35635],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36481,36482],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36484,36485,36486,117],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[30,36487,36489,36490,36492],{"href":36488},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36491,35635],{}," in Python",[46,36494,36496,36497,36499],{"id":36495},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36498,35959],{}," argument",[20,36501,36502,36503,36505],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36504,35959],{}," argument.",[20,36507,36508,36509,10994,36511,258],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36510,358],{},[15,36512,2039],{},[51,36514,36516],{"className":53,"code":36515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36517,36518,36550,36554,36582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36519,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36521,67],{"class":66},[60,36523,71],{"class":70},[60,36525,1512],{"class":74},[60,36527,79],{"class":78},[60,36529,83],{"class":82},[60,36531,79],{"class":78},[60,36533,88],{"class":74},[60,36535,91],{"class":78},[60,36537,103],{"class":82},[60,36539,79],{"class":78},[60,36541,88],{"class":74},[60,36543,91],{"class":78},[60,36545,94],{"class":82},[60,36547,79],{"class":78},[60,36549,1525],{"class":74},[60,36551,36552],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36553,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36555,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36557,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36559,35707],{"class":66},[60,36561,88],{"class":74},[60,36563,35712],{"class":66},[60,36565,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36567,35717],{"class":139},[60,36569,124],{"class":74},[60,36571,114],{"class":120},[60,36573,88],{"class":74},[60,36575,35938],{"class":9084},[60,36577,71],{"class":70},[60,36579,358],{"class":357},[60,36581,8255],{"class":74},[60,36583,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36585,7981],{"class":139},[60,36587,124],{"class":74},[60,36589,35732],{"class":120},[60,36591,88],{"class":74},[60,36593,35737],{"class":120},[60,36595,133],{"class":74},[20,36597,404],{},[51,36599,36601],{"className":53,"code":36600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36602,36603,36609,36615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36604,36605,36607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36606,358],{"class":357},[60,36608,35753],{"class":66},[60,36610,36611,36613],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36612,1303],{"class":357},[60,36614,35760],{"class":66},[60,36616,36617,36619],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36618,389],{"class":357},[60,36620,35767],{"class":66},[20,36622,36623],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36625,36626],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[46,36628,25244],{"id":25243},[20,36630,25247,36631,117],{},[15,36632,35635],{},[337,36634,36636],{"id":36635},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36638,36639],{},"In this loop:",[51,36641,36643],{"className":53,"code":36642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36644,36645,36665,36669,36689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36646,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36648,350],{"class":66},[60,36650,71],{"class":70},[60,36652,1512],{"class":74},[60,36654,2250],{"class":357},[60,36656,88],{"class":74},[60,36658,7702],{"class":357},[60,36660,88],{"class":74},[60,36662,7707],{"class":357},[60,36664,1525],{"class":74},[60,36666,36667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36668,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36672,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36674,35707],{"class":66},[60,36676,88],{"class":74},[60,36678,21473],{"class":66},[60,36680,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36682,35717],{"class":139},[60,36684,124],{"class":74},[60,36686,380],{"class":120},[60,36688,8255],{"class":74},[60,36690,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36692,7981],{"class":139},[60,36694,124],{"class":74},[60,36696,35732],{"class":120},[60,36698,88],{"class":74},[60,36700,8347],{"class":120},[60,36702,133],{"class":74},[260,36704,36705,36715],{},[263,36706,36707,4694,36709,36,36711,36,36713],{},[15,36708,35732],{},[15,36710,2039],{},[15,36712,358],{},[15,36714,1303],{},[263,36716,36717,4694,36719,36,36721,36,36723],{},[15,36718,315],{},[15,36720,2250],{},[15,36722,15645],{},[15,36724,36725],{},"30",[20,36727,36728],{},"These are different things.",[337,36730,36732],{"id":36731},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36734,36735,36736,36738],{},"Each item from ",[15,36737,35635],{}," is a pair.",[20,36740,6599],{},[51,36742,36744],{"className":53,"code":36743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36745,36746,36770,36774,36794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36747,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36749,486],{"class":66},[60,36751,71],{"class":70},[60,36753,1512],{"class":74},[60,36755,79],{"class":78},[60,36757,2093],{"class":82},[60,36759,79],{"class":78},[60,36761,88],{"class":74},[60,36763,91],{"class":78},[60,36765,11640],{"class":82},[60,36767,79],{"class":78},[60,36769,1525],{"class":74},[60,36771,36772],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36773,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36775,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36777,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36779,36015],{"class":66},[60,36781,88],{"class":74},[60,36783,5872],{"class":66},[60,36785,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36787,35717],{"class":139},[60,36789,124],{"class":74},[60,36791,517],{"class":120},[60,36793,8255],{"class":74},[60,36795,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36797,7981],{"class":139},[60,36799,124],{"class":74},[60,36801,36039],{"class":120},[60,36803,88],{"class":74},[60,36805,29392],{"class":120},[60,36807,133],{"class":74},[20,36809,36810],{},"But this causes an error:",[51,36812,36814],{"className":53,"code":36813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36815,36816,36840,36844,36869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36817,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36819,486],{"class":66},[60,36821,71],{"class":70},[60,36823,1512],{"class":74},[60,36825,79],{"class":78},[60,36827,2093],{"class":82},[60,36829,79],{"class":78},[60,36831,88],{"class":74},[60,36833,91],{"class":78},[60,36835,11640],{"class":82},[60,36837,79],{"class":78},[60,36839,1525],{"class":74},[60,36841,36842],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36843,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,36845,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36847,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36849,36015],{"class":66},[60,36851,88],{"class":74},[60,36853,29392],{"class":66},[60,36855,88],{"class":74},[60,36857,36858],{"class":66}," extra ",[60,36860,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36862,35717],{"class":139},[60,36864,124],{"class":74},[60,36866,517],{"class":120},[60,36868,8255],{"class":74},[60,36870,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36886],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,36872,7981],{"class":139},[60,36874,124],{"class":74},[60,36876,36039],{"class":120},[60,36878,88],{"class":74},[60,36880,29392],{"class":120},[60,36882,88],{"class":74},[60,36884,36885],{"class":120}," extra",[60,36887,133],{"class":74},[20,36889,28946,36890,36892],{},[15,36891,35635],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[337,36894,36896,36898],{"id":36895},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36897,35635],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36900,36901],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36903,36904],{},"Example with a string:",[51,36906,36908],{"className":53,"code":36907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36909,36910,36936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36911,36912,36914,36916,36918,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36932,36934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36913,5869],{"class":1153},[60,36915,35707],{"class":66},[60,36917,88],{"class":74},[60,36919,36920],{"class":66}," char ",[60,36922,1703],{"class":1153},[60,36924,35717],{"class":139},[60,36926,124],{"class":74},[60,36928,79],{"class":78},[60,36930,36931],{"class":82},"cat",[60,36933,79],{"class":78},[60,36935,8255],{"class":74},[60,36937,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36949],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36939,7981],{"class":139},[60,36941,124],{"class":74},[60,36943,35732],{"class":120},[60,36945,88],{"class":74},[60,36947,36948],{"class":120}," char",[60,36950,133],{"class":74},[20,36952,404],{},[51,36954,36956],{"className":53,"code":36955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36957,36958,36964,36970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36959,36960,36962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36961,2039],{"class":357},[60,36963,36074],{"class":66},[60,36965,36966,36968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36967,358],{"class":357},[60,36969,36060],{"class":66},[60,36971,36972,36974],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,36973,1303],{"class":357},[60,36975,36976],{"class":66}," t\n",[20,36978,36979,36980,117],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[30,36981,5047],{"href":5497},[337,36983,36985],{"id":36984},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36987,36988,36989,117],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36990,35635],{},[20,36992,36993,36994,36996],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36995,5869],{}," loop:",[51,36998,37000],{"className":53,"code":36999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37001,37002,37034,37038,37050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37003,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37005,67],{"class":66},[60,37007,71],{"class":70},[60,37009,1512],{"class":74},[60,37011,79],{"class":78},[60,37013,83],{"class":82},[60,37015,79],{"class":78},[60,37017,88],{"class":74},[60,37019,91],{"class":78},[60,37021,103],{"class":82},[60,37023,79],{"class":78},[60,37025,88],{"class":74},[60,37027,91],{"class":78},[60,37029,94],{"class":82},[60,37031,79],{"class":78},[60,37033,1525],{"class":74},[60,37035,37036],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37037,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,37039,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37041,5869],{"class":1153},[60,37043,35712],{"class":66},[60,37045,1703],{"class":1153},[60,37047,693],{"class":66},[60,37049,1168],{"class":74},[60,37051,37052,37054,37056,37058],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37053,7981],{"class":139},[60,37055,124],{"class":74},[60,37057,32776],{"class":120},[60,37059,133],{"class":74},[20,37061,37062],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[46,37064,1245],{"id":1244},[20,37066,37067],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[260,37069,37070,37075,37081,37086],{},[263,37071,22987,37072,37074],{},[15,37073,35635],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[263,37076,37077,37078,37080],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37079,2039],{}," by default",[263,37082,8331,37083,37085],{},[15,37084,35635],{}," when only values are needed",[263,37087,1391,37088,1394,37090],{},[15,37089,35635],{},[15,37091,36083],{},[20,37093,37094],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[51,37096,37098],{"className":53,"code":37097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37099,37100,37122,37149,37183,37216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37101,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37103,140],{"class":139},[60,37105,124],{"class":74},[60,37107,35929],{"class":139},[60,37109,1641],{"class":74},[60,37111,2250],{"class":357},[60,37113,88],{"class":74},[60,37115,7702],{"class":357},[60,37117,88],{"class":74},[60,37119,7707],{"class":357},[60,37121,2913],{"class":74},[60,37123,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37125,140],{"class":139},[60,37127,124],{"class":74},[60,37129,8006],{"class":1683},[60,37131,124],{"class":74},[60,37133,35929],{"class":139},[60,37135,1641],{"class":74},[60,37137,2250],{"class":357},[60,37139,88],{"class":74},[60,37141,7702],{"class":357},[60,37143,88],{"class":74},[60,37145,7707],{"class":357},[60,37147,37148],{"class":74},"])))\n",[60,37150,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37152,140],{"class":139},[60,37154,124],{"class":74},[60,37156,8006],{"class":1683},[60,37158,124],{"class":74},[60,37160,35929],{"class":139},[60,37162,1641],{"class":74},[60,37164,2250],{"class":357},[60,37166,88],{"class":74},[60,37168,7702],{"class":357},[60,37170,88],{"class":74},[60,37172,7707],{"class":357},[60,37174,17952],{"class":74},[60,37176,35938],{"class":9084},[60,37178,71],{"class":70},[60,37180,358],{"class":357},[60,37182,2827],{"class":74},[60,37184,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37186,5869],{"class":1153},[60,37188,36015],{"class":66},[60,37190,88],{"class":74},[60,37192,21473],{"class":66},[60,37194,1703],{"class":1153},[60,37196,35717],{"class":139},[60,37198,1641],{"class":74},[60,37200,205],{"class":78},[60,37202,30],{"class":82},[60,37204,205],{"class":78},[60,37206,88],{"class":74},[60,37208,214],{"class":78},[60,37210,1428],{"class":82},[60,37212,205],{"class":78},[60,37214,37215],{"class":74},"]):\n",[60,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,37219,7981],{"class":139},[60,37221,124],{"class":74},[60,37223,36039],{"class":120},[60,37225,88],{"class":74},[60,37227,8347],{"class":120},[60,37229,133],{"class":74},[20,37231,16849],{},[51,37233,37235],{"className":53,"code":37234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37236,37237,37257,37289,37321,37327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37238,37239,37241,37243,37245,37248,37252,37255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37240,3205],{"class":70},[60,37242,35929],{"class":139},[60,37244,24504],{"class":1683},[60,37246,37247],{"class":66}," at ",[60,37249,37251],{"class":37250},"srjyR","0x",[60,37253,37254],{"class":34338},"...",[60,37256,3217],{"class":70},[60,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37260,21629],{"class":74},[60,37262,2039],{"class":357},[60,37264,88],{"class":74},[60,37266,5916],{"class":357},[60,37268,9141],{"class":74},[60,37270,9144],{"class":74},[60,37272,358],{"class":357},[60,37274,88],{"class":74},[60,37276,7702],{"class":357},[60,37278,9141],{"class":74},[60,37280,9144],{"class":74},[60,37282,1303],{"class":357},[60,37284,88],{"class":74},[60,37286,7707],{"class":357},[60,37288,9157],{"class":74},[60,37290,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37292,21629],{"class":74},[60,37294,358],{"class":357},[60,37296,88],{"class":74},[60,37298,5916],{"class":357},[60,37300,9141],{"class":74},[60,37302,9144],{"class":74},[60,37304,1303],{"class":357},[60,37306,88],{"class":74},[60,37308,7702],{"class":357},[60,37310,9141],{"class":74},[60,37312,9144],{"class":74},[60,37314,389],{"class":357},[60,37316,88],{"class":74},[60,37318,7707],{"class":357},[60,37320,9157],{"class":74},[60,37322,37323,37325],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37324,2039],{"class":357},[60,37326,36060],{"class":66},[60,37328,37329,37331],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,37330,358],{"class":357},[60,37332,36067],{"class":66},[46,37334,1746],{"id":1745},[337,37336,1760,37338,5055],{"id":37337},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37339,35635],{},[20,37341,37342],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[337,37344,12599,37346,37348],{"id":37345},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37347,35635],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37350,37351,37352,37354,37355,37358],{},"It starts at ",[15,37353,2039],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37356,37357],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[337,37360,21309,37362,10994,37364,1779],{"id":37361},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37363,35635],{},[15,37365,37366],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37368,36476,37369,37371],{},[15,37370,35635],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[337,37373,5079,37375,37377],{"id":37374},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37376,35635],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37379,37380,37381,37383],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37382,35635],{}," can return each character with its index.",[46,37385,1808],{"id":1807},[260,37387,37388,37392,37398,37405],{},[263,37389,37390],{},[30,37391,35915],{"href":35914},[263,37393,37394],{},[30,37395,3491,37396,3424],{"href":36080},[15,37397,36083],{},[263,37399,37400],{},[30,37401,37402,37403,36492],{"href":36488},"How to use ",[15,37404,35635],{},[263,37406,37407],{},[30,37408,5125],{"href":5497},[1841,37410,37411],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":37413},[37414,37415,37417,37418,37420,37422,37424,37431,37432,37442],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":35775,"depth":111,"text":37416},"What enumerate() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":36086,"depth":111,"text":37419},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36299,"depth":111,"text":37421},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36495,"depth":111,"text":37423},"Using the start argument",{"id":25243,"depth":111,"text":25244,"children":37425},[37426,37427,37428,37430],{"id":36635,"depth":136,"text":36636},{"id":36731,"depth":136,"text":36732},{"id":36895,"depth":136,"text":37429},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36984,"depth":136,"text":36985},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":37433},[37434,37436,37438,37440],{"id":37337,"depth":136,"text":37435},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37345,"depth":136,"text":37437},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37361,"depth":136,"text":37439},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37374,"depth":136,"text":37441},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35627,"description":37443},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37450,"title":37451,"body":37452,"description":39968,"extension":1883,"meta":39969,"navigation":152,"path":39970,"seo":39971,"stem":39972,"__hash__":39973},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37453,"toc":39925},[37454,37460,37465,37468,37476,37490,37492,37583,37591,37596,37601,37603,37619,37621,37700,37702,37719,37725,37729,37731,37752,37756,37759,37771,37775,37778,37781,37798,37801,37877,37879,37896,37901,37905,37913,37916,37931,37933,38022,38024,38069,38072,38076,38079,38158,38160,38182,38185,38192,38197,38200,38303,38305,38330,38333,38340,38346,38351,38354,38365,38471,38473,38494,38502,38509,38515,38534,38539,38542,38561,38563,38648,38650,38679,38682,38687,38692,38695,38706,38708,38797,38799,38819,38825,38931,38933,38953,38956,39040,39042,39062,39069,39071,39075,39081,39084,39141,39144,39147,39208,39217,39220,39223,39251,39254,39314,39316,39333,39337,39340,39418,39420,39440,39443,39518,39522,39525,39527,39536,39541,39543,39594,39602,39614,39619,39680,39682,39699,39703,39766,39768,39793,39801,39803,39809,39815,39822,39830,39836,39839,39846,39856,39862,39868,39871,39888,39894,39896,39922],[10,37455,3491,37457,3495],{"id":37456},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37458,37459],{},"filter()",[20,37461,37462,37464],{},[15,37463,37459],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37466,37467],{},"It takes:",[260,37469,37470,37473],{},[263,37471,37472],{},"a function that checks each item",[263,37474,37475],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37477,37478,37479,37482,37483,37486,37487,37489],{},"The result is ",[41,37480,37481],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37484,37485],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37488,24667],{}," to see the values.",[46,37491,49],{"id":48},[51,37493,37495],{"className":53,"code":37494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37496,37497,37530,37566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37498,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37500,350],{"class":66},[60,37502,71],{"class":70},[60,37504,1512],{"class":74},[60,37506,358],{"class":357},[60,37508,88],{"class":74},[60,37510,363],{"class":357},[60,37512,88],{"class":74},[60,37514,368],{"class":357},[60,37516,88],{"class":74},[60,37518,373],{"class":357},[60,37520,88],{"class":74},[60,37522,4516],{"class":357},[60,37524,88],{"class":74},[60,37526,37527],{"class":357}," 6",[60,37529,1525],{"class":74},[60,37531,37532,37534,37536,37539,37541,37544,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37533,688],{"class":66},[60,37535,71],{"class":70},[60,37537,37538],{"class":139}," filter",[60,37540,124],{"class":74},[60,37542,37543],{"class":1984},"lambda",[60,37545,37547],{"class":37546},"sFwrP"," x",[60,37549,258],{"class":74},[60,37551,3793],{"class":120},[60,37553,6314],{"class":70},[60,37555,363],{"class":357},[60,37557,6319],{"class":70},[60,37559,3747],{"class":357},[60,37561,88],{"class":74},[60,37563,1294],{"class":120},[60,37565,133],{"class":74},[60,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37569,140],{"class":139},[60,37571,124],{"class":74},[60,37573,8006],{"class":1683},[60,37575,124],{"class":74},[60,37577,720],{"class":120},[60,37579,5271],{"class":74},[60,37581,37582],{"class":177},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37584,37585,37587,37588,37590],{},[15,37586,37459],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37589,24667],{}," to see the results.",[46,37592,250,37594,253],{"id":37593},"what-filter-does",[15,37595,37459],{},[20,37597,37598,37600],{},[15,37599,37459],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37602,2026],{},[260,37604,37605,37608,37614],{},[263,37606,37607],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[263,37609,37610,37611,37613],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37612,3520],{},", the item is kept",[263,37615,37610,37616,37618],{},[15,37617,3588],{},", the item is removed",[20,37620,2127],{},[51,37622,37624],{"className":53,"code":37623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37625,37626,37654,37658,37686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37627,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37629,350],{"class":66},[60,37631,71],{"class":70},[60,37633,1512],{"class":74},[60,37635,358],{"class":357},[60,37637,88],{"class":74},[60,37639,363],{"class":357},[60,37641,88],{"class":74},[60,37643,368],{"class":357},[60,37645,88],{"class":74},[60,37647,373],{"class":357},[60,37649,88],{"class":74},[60,37651,4516],{"class":357},[60,37653,1525],{"class":74},[60,37655,37656],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37657,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,37659,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37661,688],{"class":66},[60,37663,71],{"class":70},[60,37665,37538],{"class":139},[60,37667,124],{"class":74},[60,37669,37543],{"class":1984},[60,37671,37547],{"class":37546},[60,37673,258],{"class":74},[60,37675,3793],{"class":120},[60,37677,4164],{"class":70},[60,37679,368],{"class":357},[60,37681,88],{"class":74},[60,37683,1294],{"class":120},[60,37685,133],{"class":74},[60,37687,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37689,140],{"class":139},[60,37691,124],{"class":74},[60,37693,8006],{"class":1683},[60,37695,124],{"class":74},[60,37697,720],{"class":120},[60,37699,1691],{"class":74},[20,37701,404],{},[51,37703,37705],{"className":53,"code":37704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37706,37707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37708,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37710,3812],{"class":74},[60,37712,2421],{"class":357},[60,37714,88],{"class":74},[60,37716,4516],{"class":357},[60,37718,1525],{"class":74},[20,37720,37721,37722,37724],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37723,389],{}," are kept.",[46,37726,37728],{"id":37727},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37730,2079],{},[51,37732,37734],{"className":53,"code":37733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37735,37736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37737,37738,37740,37742,37745,37747,37750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37739,37485],{"class":139},[60,37741,124],{"class":74},[60,37743,37744],{"class":120},"function",[60,37746,88],{"class":74},[60,37748,37749],{"class":120}," iterable",[60,37751,133],{"class":74},[337,37753,37754],{"id":37744},[15,37755,37744],{},[20,37757,37758],{},"This is the test function.",[260,37760,37761,37764],{},[263,37762,37763],{},"It receives one item at a time",[263,37765,37766,37767,288,37769],{},"It should return ",[15,37768,3520],{},[15,37770,3588],{},[337,37772,37773],{"id":3634},[15,37774,3634],{},[20,37776,37777],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37779,37780],{},"It can be:",[260,37782,37783,37786,37789,37792,37795],{},[263,37784,37785],{},"a list",[263,37787,37788],{},"a tuple",[263,37790,37791],{},"a string",[263,37793,37794],{},"a set",[263,37796,37797],{},"another iterable object",[20,37799,37800],{},"Example with a tuple:",[51,37802,37804],{"className":53,"code":37803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37805,37806,37831,37835,37863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37807,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37809,350],{"class":66},[60,37811,71],{"class":70},[60,37813,9144],{"class":74},[60,37815,2250],{"class":357},[60,37817,88],{"class":74},[60,37819,37820],{"class":357}," 15",[60,37822,88],{"class":74},[60,37824,7702],{"class":357},[60,37826,88],{"class":74},[60,37828,9213],{"class":357},[60,37830,133],{"class":74},[60,37832,37833],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37834,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,37836,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37838,688],{"class":66},[60,37840,71],{"class":70},[60,37842,37538],{"class":139},[60,37844,124],{"class":74},[60,37846,37543],{"class":1984},[60,37848,37547],{"class":37546},[60,37850,258],{"class":74},[60,37852,3793],{"class":120},[60,37854,5009],{"class":70},[60,37856,7702],{"class":357},[60,37858,88],{"class":74},[60,37860,1294],{"class":120},[60,37862,133],{"class":74},[60,37864,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37866,140],{"class":139},[60,37868,124],{"class":74},[60,37870,8006],{"class":1683},[60,37872,124],{"class":74},[60,37874,720],{"class":120},[60,37876,1691],{"class":74},[20,37878,404],{},[51,37880,37882],{"className":53,"code":37881,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37883,37884],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37885,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37887,3812],{"class":74},[60,37889,15645],{"class":357},[60,37891,88],{"class":74},[60,37893,9213],{"class":357},[60,37895,1525],{"class":74},[20,37897,37898,37899,117],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[30,37900,5047],{"href":5497},[46,37902,37904],{"id":37903},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37906,37907,37908,21864,37910,117],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37909,37459],{},[41,37911,37912],{},"filter object",[20,37914,37915],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[260,37917,37918,37921,37926],{},[263,37919,37920],{},"loop through it",[263,37922,37923,37924],{},"convert it with ",[15,37925,24667],{},[263,37927,37923,37928],{},[15,37929,37930],{},"tuple()",[20,37932,2127],{},[51,37934,37936],{"className":53,"code":37935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37937,37938,37980,37984,37994,38008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37939,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37941,688],{"class":66},[60,37943,71],{"class":70},[60,37945,37538],{"class":139},[60,37947,124],{"class":74},[60,37949,37543],{"class":1984},[60,37951,37547],{"class":37546},[60,37953,258],{"class":74},[60,37955,3793],{"class":120},[60,37957,4164],{"class":70},[60,37959,363],{"class":357},[60,37961,88],{"class":74},[60,37963,1512],{"class":74},[60,37965,358],{"class":357},[60,37967,88],{"class":74},[60,37969,363],{"class":357},[60,37971,88],{"class":74},[60,37973,368],{"class":357},[60,37975,88],{"class":74},[60,37977,373],{"class":357},[60,37979,1646],{"class":74},[60,37981,37982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37983,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,37985,37986,37988,37990,37992],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,37987,140],{"class":139},[60,37989,124],{"class":74},[60,37991,720],{"class":120},[60,37993,133],{"class":74},[60,37995,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,37997,140],{"class":139},[60,37999,124],{"class":74},[60,38001,1684],{"class":1683},[60,38003,124],{"class":74},[60,38005,720],{"class":120},[60,38007,1691],{"class":74},[60,38009,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,38011,140],{"class":139},[60,38013,124],{"class":74},[60,38015,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38017,124],{"class":74},[60,38019,720],{"class":120},[60,38021,1691],{"class":74},[20,38023,404],{},[51,38025,38027],{"className":53,"code":38026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38028,38029,38043,38057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38030,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38032,3205],{"class":70},[60,38034,37485],{"class":139},[60,38036,24504],{"class":1683},[60,38038,37247],{"class":66},[60,38040,37254],{"class":34338},[60,38042,3217],{"class":70},[60,38044,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38046,3205],{"class":70},[60,38048,3208],{"class":1984},[60,38050,214],{"class":78},[60,38052,37485],{"class":82},[60,38054,205],{"class":78},[60,38056,3217],{"class":70},[60,38058,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38060,3812],{"class":74},[60,38062,389],{"class":357},[60,38064,88],{"class":74},[60,38066,373],{"class":357},[60,38068,1525],{"class":74},[20,38070,38071],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[337,38073,38075],{"id":38074},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38077,38078],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[51,38080,38082],{"className":53,"code":38081,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38083,38084,38126,38130,38144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38085,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38087,688],{"class":66},[60,38089,71],{"class":70},[60,38091,37538],{"class":139},[60,38093,124],{"class":74},[60,38095,37543],{"class":1984},[60,38097,37547],{"class":37546},[60,38099,258],{"class":74},[60,38101,3793],{"class":120},[60,38103,4164],{"class":70},[60,38105,363],{"class":357},[60,38107,88],{"class":74},[60,38109,1512],{"class":74},[60,38111,358],{"class":357},[60,38113,88],{"class":74},[60,38115,363],{"class":357},[60,38117,88],{"class":74},[60,38119,368],{"class":357},[60,38121,88],{"class":74},[60,38123,373],{"class":357},[60,38125,1646],{"class":74},[60,38127,38128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38129,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38131,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38133,140],{"class":139},[60,38135,124],{"class":74},[60,38137,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38139,124],{"class":74},[60,38141,720],{"class":120},[60,38143,1691],{"class":74},[60,38145,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38147,140],{"class":139},[60,38149,124],{"class":74},[60,38151,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38153,124],{"class":74},[60,38155,720],{"class":120},[60,38157,1691],{"class":74},[20,38159,404],{},[51,38161,38163],{"className":53,"code":38162,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38164,38165,38177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38166,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38168,3812],{"class":74},[60,38170,389],{"class":357},[60,38172,88],{"class":74},[60,38174,373],{"class":357},[60,38176,1525],{"class":74},[60,38178,38179],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38180,38181],{"class":74},"[]\n",[20,38183,38184],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[46,38186,8331,38188,1394,38190],{"id":38187},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38189,37459],{},[15,38191,37543],{},[20,38193,15080,38194,38196],{},[15,38195,37543],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38198,38199],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[51,38201,38203],{"className":53,"code":38202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38204,38205,38247,38251,38289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38206,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38243,38245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38208,3983],{"class":66},[60,38210,71],{"class":70},[60,38212,1512],{"class":74},[60,38214,79],{"class":78},[60,38216,495],{"class":82},[60,38218,79],{"class":78},[60,38220,88],{"class":74},[60,38222,91],{"class":78},[60,38224,38225],{"class":82},"kiwi",[60,38227,79],{"class":78},[60,38229,88],{"class":74},[60,38231,91],{"class":78},[60,38233,504],{"class":82},[60,38235,79],{"class":78},[60,38237,88],{"class":74},[60,38239,91],{"class":78},[60,38241,38242],{"class":82},"fig",[60,38244,79],{"class":78},[60,38246,1525],{"class":74},[60,38248,38249],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38250,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38252,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38266,38268,38271,38273,38276,38278,38281,38283,38285,38287],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38254,688],{"class":66},[60,38256,71],{"class":70},[60,38258,37538],{"class":139},[60,38260,124],{"class":74},[60,38262,37543],{"class":1984},[60,38264,38265],{"class":37546}," word",[60,38267,258],{"class":74},[60,38269,38270],{"class":139}," len",[60,38272,124],{"class":74},[60,38274,38275],{"class":120},"word",[60,38277,174],{"class":74},[60,38279,38280],{"class":70}," >",[60,38282,373],{"class":357},[60,38284,88],{"class":74},[60,38286,6080],{"class":120},[60,38288,133],{"class":74},[60,38290,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38292,140],{"class":139},[60,38294,124],{"class":74},[60,38296,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38298,124],{"class":74},[60,38300,720],{"class":120},[60,38302,1691],{"class":74},[20,38304,404],{},[51,38306,38308],{"className":53,"code":38307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38309,38310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38311,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38313,3812],{"class":74},[60,38315,205],{"class":78},[60,38317,495],{"class":82},[60,38319,205],{"class":78},[60,38321,88],{"class":74},[60,38323,214],{"class":78},[60,38325,504],{"class":82},[60,38327,205],{"class":78},[60,38329,1525],{"class":74},[20,38331,38332],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38334,38335,38336,117],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[30,38337,38339],{"href":38338},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[46,38341,8331,38343,38345],{"id":38342},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38344,37459],{}," with a named function",[20,38347,38348,38349,117],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38350,37543],{},[20,38352,38353],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[260,38355,38356,38359,38362],{},[263,38357,38358],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[263,38360,38361],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[263,38363,38364],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[51,38366,38368],{"className":53,"code":38367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38369,38370,38383,38398,38402,38434,38453,38457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38371,38372,38374,38377,38379,38381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38373,34736],{"class":1984},[60,38375,38376],{"class":34739}," is_even",[60,38378,124],{"class":74},[60,38380,2159],{"class":37546},[60,38382,8255],{"class":74},[60,38384,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38386,34747],{"class":1153},[60,38388,6298],{"class":66},[60,38390,6314],{"class":70},[60,38392,363],{"class":357},[60,38394,6319],{"class":70},[60,38396,38397],{"class":357}," 0\n",[60,38399,38400],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38401,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38405,350],{"class":66},[60,38407,71],{"class":70},[60,38409,1512],{"class":74},[60,38411,358],{"class":357},[60,38413,88],{"class":74},[60,38415,363],{"class":357},[60,38417,88],{"class":74},[60,38419,368],{"class":357},[60,38421,88],{"class":74},[60,38423,373],{"class":357},[60,38425,88],{"class":74},[60,38427,4516],{"class":357},[60,38429,88],{"class":74},[60,38431,37527],{"class":357},[60,38433,1525],{"class":74},[60,38435,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38447,38449,38451],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,38437,688],{"class":66},[60,38439,71],{"class":70},[60,38441,37538],{"class":139},[60,38443,124],{"class":74},[60,38445,38446],{"class":120},"is_even",[60,38448,88],{"class":74},[60,38450,1294],{"class":120},[60,38452,133],{"class":74},[60,38454,38455],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,38456,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38458,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,38460,140],{"class":139},[60,38462,124],{"class":74},[60,38464,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38466,124],{"class":74},[60,38468,720],{"class":120},[60,38470,1691],{"class":74},[20,38472,404],{},[51,38474,38476],{"className":53,"code":38475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38477,38478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38479,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38481,3812],{"class":74},[60,38483,1303],{"class":357},[60,38485,88],{"class":74},[60,38487,373],{"class":357},[60,38489,88],{"class":74},[60,38491,37527],{"class":357},[60,38493,1525],{"class":74},[20,38495,20660,38496,641,38499,38501],{},[15,38497,38498],{},"is_even()",[15,38500,3520],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[46,38503,8331,38505,1394,38507],{"id":38504},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38506,277],{},[15,38508,37459],{},[20,38510,38511,38512,38514],{},"You can pass ",[15,38513,277],{}," as the first argument:",[51,38516,38518],{"className":53,"code":38517,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38519,38520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38521,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38523,37485],{"class":139},[60,38525,124],{"class":74},[60,38527,277],{"class":734},[60,38529,88],{"class":74},[60,38531,37749],{"class":120},[60,38533,133],{"class":74},[20,38535,38536,38537,7251],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[41,38538,5507],{},[20,38540,38541],{},"Falsy values include:",[260,38543,38544,38548,38553,38557],{},[263,38545,38546],{},[15,38547,2039],{},[263,38549,38550,38552],{},[15,38551,3687],{}," (empty string)",[263,38554,38555],{},[15,38556,277],{},[263,38558,38559],{},[15,38560,3588],{},[20,38562,2127],{},[51,38564,38566],{"className":53,"code":38565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38567,38568,38612,38616,38634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38569,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38571,486],{"class":66},[60,38573,71],{"class":70},[60,38575,1512],{"class":74},[60,38577,2039],{"class":357},[60,38579,88],{"class":74},[60,38581,5408],{"class":357},[60,38583,88],{"class":74},[60,38585,6038],{"class":78},[60,38587,88],{"class":74},[60,38589,91],{"class":78},[60,38591,3759],{"class":82},[60,38593,79],{"class":78},[60,38595,88],{"class":74},[60,38597,3766],{"class":734},[60,38599,88],{"class":74},[60,38601,3828],{"class":734},[60,38603,88],{"class":74},[60,38605,3819],{"class":734},[60,38607,88],{"class":74},[60,38609,4516],{"class":357},[60,38611,1525],{"class":74},[60,38613,38614],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38615,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38617,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38619,688],{"class":66},[60,38621,71],{"class":70},[60,38623,37538],{"class":139},[60,38625,124],{"class":74},[60,38627,277],{"class":734},[60,38629,88],{"class":74},[60,38631,5877],{"class":120},[60,38633,133],{"class":74},[60,38635,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38637,140],{"class":139},[60,38639,124],{"class":74},[60,38641,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38643,124],{"class":74},[60,38645,720],{"class":120},[60,38647,1691],{"class":74},[20,38649,404],{},[51,38651,38653],{"className":53,"code":38652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38654,38655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38656,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38658,3812],{"class":74},[60,38660,358],{"class":357},[60,38662,88],{"class":74},[60,38664,214],{"class":78},[60,38666,3759],{"class":82},[60,38668,205],{"class":78},[60,38670,88],{"class":74},[60,38672,3828],{"class":734},[60,38674,88],{"class":74},[60,38676,4516],{"class":357},[60,38678,1525],{"class":74},[20,38680,38681],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[46,38683,1220,38685],{"id":38684},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38686,37459],{},[20,38688,243,38689,38691],{},[15,38690,37459],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38693,38694],{},"It works well for:",[260,38696,38697,38700,38703],{},[263,38698,38699],{},"simple filtering rules",[263,38701,38702],{},"quick data cleaning",[263,38704,38705],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38707,2127],{},[51,38709,38711],{"className":53,"code":38710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38712,38713,38745,38778,38782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38714,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38716,350],{"class":66},[60,38718,71],{"class":70},[60,38720,1512],{"class":74},[60,38722,358],{"class":357},[60,38724,88],{"class":74},[60,38726,363],{"class":357},[60,38728,88],{"class":74},[60,38730,368],{"class":357},[60,38732,88],{"class":74},[60,38734,373],{"class":357},[60,38736,88],{"class":74},[60,38738,4516],{"class":357},[60,38740,88],{"class":74},[60,38742,37527],{"class":357},[60,38744,1525],{"class":74},[60,38746,38747,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38748,38749],{"class":66},"evens ",[60,38751,71],{"class":70},[60,38753,37538],{"class":139},[60,38755,124],{"class":74},[60,38757,37543],{"class":1984},[60,38759,37547],{"class":37546},[60,38761,258],{"class":74},[60,38763,3793],{"class":120},[60,38765,6314],{"class":70},[60,38767,363],{"class":357},[60,38769,6319],{"class":70},[60,38771,3747],{"class":357},[60,38773,88],{"class":74},[60,38775,1294],{"class":120},[60,38777,133],{"class":74},[60,38779,38780],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38781,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38795],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38785,140],{"class":139},[60,38787,124],{"class":74},[60,38789,8006],{"class":1683},[60,38791,124],{"class":74},[60,38793,38794],{"class":120},"evens",[60,38796,1691],{"class":74},[20,38798,404],{},[51,38800,38801],{"className":53,"code":38475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,38802,38803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38804,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38806,3812],{"class":74},[60,38808,1303],{"class":357},[60,38810,88],{"class":74},[60,38812,373],{"class":357},[60,38814,88],{"class":74},[60,38816,37527],{"class":357},[60,38818,1525],{"class":74},[20,38820,38821,38822,38824],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38823,5869],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[51,38826,38828],{"className":53,"code":38827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38829,38830,38862,38870,38874,38886,38902,38917,38921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38831,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38833,350],{"class":66},[60,38835,71],{"class":70},[60,38837,1512],{"class":74},[60,38839,358],{"class":357},[60,38841,88],{"class":74},[60,38843,363],{"class":357},[60,38845,88],{"class":74},[60,38847,368],{"class":357},[60,38849,88],{"class":74},[60,38851,373],{"class":357},[60,38853,88],{"class":74},[60,38855,4516],{"class":357},[60,38857,88],{"class":74},[60,38859,37527],{"class":357},[60,38861,1525],{"class":74},[60,38863,38864,38866,38868],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38865,38749],{"class":66},[60,38867,71],{"class":70},[60,38869,7750],{"class":74},[60,38871,38872],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,38873,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38875,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,38877,5869],{"class":1153},[60,38879,6298],{"class":66},[60,38881,1703],{"class":1153},[60,38883,1294],{"class":66},[60,38885,1168],{"class":74},[60,38887,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,38889,6309],{"class":1153},[60,38891,6298],{"class":66},[60,38893,6314],{"class":70},[60,38895,363],{"class":357},[60,38897,6319],{"class":70},[60,38899,3747],{"class":357},[60,38901,1168],{"class":74},[60,38903,38904,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,38905,38906],{"class":66},"        evens",[60,38908,117],{"class":74},[60,38910,13444],{"class":120},[60,38912,124],{"class":74},[60,38914,2159],{"class":120},[60,38916,133],{"class":74},[60,38918,38919],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,38920,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,38922,38923,38925,38927,38929],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,38924,140],{"class":139},[60,38926,124],{"class":74},[60,38928,38794],{"class":120},[60,38930,133],{"class":74},[20,38932,404],{},[51,38934,38935],{"className":53,"code":38475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,38936,38937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38938,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38940,3812],{"class":74},[60,38942,1303],{"class":357},[60,38944,88],{"class":74},[60,38946,373],{"class":357},[60,38948,88],{"class":74},[60,38950,37527],{"class":357},[60,38952,1525],{"class":74},[20,38954,38955],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[51,38957,38959],{"className":53,"code":38958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38960,38961,38993,39026,39030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38962,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38964,350],{"class":66},[60,38966,71],{"class":70},[60,38968,1512],{"class":74},[60,38970,358],{"class":357},[60,38972,88],{"class":74},[60,38974,363],{"class":357},[60,38976,88],{"class":74},[60,38978,368],{"class":357},[60,38980,88],{"class":74},[60,38982,373],{"class":357},[60,38984,88],{"class":74},[60,38986,4516],{"class":357},[60,38988,88],{"class":74},[60,38990,37527],{"class":357},[60,38992,1525],{"class":74},[60,38994,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38996,38749],{"class":66},[60,38998,71],{"class":70},[60,39000,1512],{"class":74},[60,39002,2137],{"class":66},[60,39004,5869],{"class":1153},[60,39006,6298],{"class":66},[60,39008,1703],{"class":1153},[60,39010,39011],{"class":66}," numbers ",[60,39013,1154],{"class":1153},[60,39015,6298],{"class":66},[60,39017,6314],{"class":70},[60,39019,363],{"class":357},[60,39021,6319],{"class":70},[60,39023,3747],{"class":357},[60,39025,1525],{"class":74},[60,39027,39028],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,39029,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,39031,39032,39034,39036,39038],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,39033,140],{"class":139},[60,39035,124],{"class":74},[60,39037,38794],{"class":120},[60,39039,133],{"class":74},[20,39041,404],{},[51,39043,39044],{"className":53,"code":38475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39045,39046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39047,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39049,3812],{"class":74},[60,39051,1303],{"class":357},[60,39053,88],{"class":74},[60,39055,373],{"class":357},[60,39057,88],{"class":74},[60,39059,37527],{"class":357},[60,39061,1525],{"class":74},[20,39063,39064,39065,117],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[30,39066,39068],{"href":39067},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[46,39070,1245],{"id":1244},[20,39072,14624,39073,117],{},[15,39074,37459],{},[337,39076,1254,39078,39080],{"id":39077},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39079,37459],{}," to return a list",[20,39082,39083],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[51,39085,39087],{"className":53,"code":39086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39088,39089,39131],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39090,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39092,688],{"class":66},[60,39094,71],{"class":70},[60,39096,37538],{"class":139},[60,39098,124],{"class":74},[60,39100,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39102,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39104,258],{"class":74},[60,39106,3793],{"class":120},[60,39108,4164],{"class":70},[60,39110,363],{"class":357},[60,39112,88],{"class":74},[60,39114,1512],{"class":74},[60,39116,358],{"class":357},[60,39118,88],{"class":74},[60,39120,363],{"class":357},[60,39122,88],{"class":74},[60,39124,368],{"class":357},[60,39126,88],{"class":74},[60,39128,373],{"class":357},[60,39130,1646],{"class":74},[60,39132,39133,39135,39137,39139],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39134,140],{"class":139},[60,39136,124],{"class":74},[60,39138,720],{"class":120},[60,39140,133],{"class":74},[20,39142,39143],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39145,39146],{},"Fix:",[51,39148,39150],{"className":53,"code":39149,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39151,39152,39194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39153,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39155,688],{"class":66},[60,39157,71],{"class":70},[60,39159,37538],{"class":139},[60,39161,124],{"class":74},[60,39163,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39165,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39167,258],{"class":74},[60,39169,3793],{"class":120},[60,39171,4164],{"class":70},[60,39173,363],{"class":357},[60,39175,88],{"class":74},[60,39177,1512],{"class":74},[60,39179,358],{"class":357},[60,39181,88],{"class":74},[60,39183,363],{"class":357},[60,39185,88],{"class":74},[60,39187,368],{"class":357},[60,39189,88],{"class":74},[60,39191,373],{"class":357},[60,39193,1646],{"class":74},[60,39195,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39197,140],{"class":139},[60,39199,124],{"class":74},[60,39201,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39203,124],{"class":74},[60,39205,720],{"class":120},[60,39207,1691],{"class":74},[337,39209,39211,39212,288,39214,39216],{"id":39210},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39213,3520],{},[15,39215,3588],{}," clearly",[20,39218,39219],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39221,39222],{},"Good example:",[51,39224,39226],{"className":53,"code":39225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39227,39228,39241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39229,39230,39232,39235,39237,39239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39231,34736],{"class":1984},[60,39233,39234],{"class":34739}," is_positive",[60,39236,124],{"class":74},[60,39238,2159],{"class":37546},[60,39240,8255],{"class":74},[60,39242,39243,39245,39247,39249],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39244,34747],{"class":1153},[60,39246,6298],{"class":66},[60,39248,4164],{"class":70},[60,39250,38397],{"class":357},[20,39252,39253],{},"Then use it with:",[51,39255,39257],{"className":53,"code":39256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39258,39259,39291],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39260,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39262,350],{"class":66},[60,39264,71],{"class":70},[60,39266,1512],{"class":74},[60,39268,1942],{"class":70},[60,39270,1303],{"class":357},[60,39272,88],{"class":74},[60,39274,2142],{"class":70},[60,39276,358],{"class":357},[60,39278,88],{"class":74},[60,39280,3747],{"class":357},[60,39282,88],{"class":74},[60,39284,5408],{"class":357},[60,39286,88],{"class":74},[60,39288,363],{"class":357},[60,39290,1525],{"class":74},[60,39292,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39308,39310,39312],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39294,140],{"class":139},[60,39296,124],{"class":74},[60,39298,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39300,124],{"class":74},[60,39302,37485],{"class":139},[60,39304,124],{"class":74},[60,39306,39307],{"class":120},"is_positive",[60,39309,88],{"class":74},[60,39311,1294],{"class":120},[60,39313,2827],{"class":74},[20,39315,404],{},[51,39317,39319],{"className":53,"code":39318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39320,39321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39322,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39324,3812],{"class":74},[60,39326,358],{"class":357},[60,39328,88],{"class":74},[60,39330,363],{"class":357},[60,39332,1525],{"class":74},[337,39334,39336],{"id":39335},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39338,39339],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[51,39341,39342],{"className":53,"code":38081,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39343,39344,39386,39390,39404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39345,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39347,688],{"class":66},[60,39349,71],{"class":70},[60,39351,37538],{"class":139},[60,39353,124],{"class":74},[60,39355,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39357,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39359,258],{"class":74},[60,39361,3793],{"class":120},[60,39363,4164],{"class":70},[60,39365,363],{"class":357},[60,39367,88],{"class":74},[60,39369,1512],{"class":74},[60,39371,358],{"class":357},[60,39373,88],{"class":74},[60,39375,363],{"class":357},[60,39377,88],{"class":74},[60,39379,368],{"class":357},[60,39381,88],{"class":74},[60,39383,373],{"class":357},[60,39385,1646],{"class":74},[60,39387,39388],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39389,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,39391,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,39393,140],{"class":139},[60,39395,124],{"class":74},[60,39397,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39399,124],{"class":74},[60,39401,720],{"class":120},[60,39403,1691],{"class":74},[60,39405,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,39407,140],{"class":139},[60,39409,124],{"class":74},[60,39411,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39413,124],{"class":74},[60,39415,720],{"class":120},[60,39417,1691],{"class":74},[20,39419,404],{},[51,39421,39422],{"className":53,"code":38162,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39423,39424,39436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39425,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39427,3812],{"class":74},[60,39429,389],{"class":357},[60,39431,88],{"class":74},[60,39433,373],{"class":357},[60,39435,1525],{"class":74},[60,39437,39438],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39439,38181],{"class":74},[20,39441,39442],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[51,39444,39446],{"className":53,"code":39445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39447,39448,39494,39498,39508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39449,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39451,688],{"class":66},[60,39453,71],{"class":70},[60,39455,22446],{"class":1683},[60,39457,124],{"class":74},[60,39459,37485],{"class":139},[60,39461,124],{"class":74},[60,39463,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39465,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39467,258],{"class":74},[60,39469,3793],{"class":120},[60,39471,4164],{"class":70},[60,39473,363],{"class":357},[60,39475,88],{"class":74},[60,39477,1512],{"class":74},[60,39479,358],{"class":357},[60,39481,88],{"class":74},[60,39483,363],{"class":357},[60,39485,88],{"class":74},[60,39487,368],{"class":357},[60,39489,88],{"class":74},[60,39491,373],{"class":357},[60,39493,2913],{"class":74},[60,39495,39496],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39497,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,39499,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,39501,140],{"class":139},[60,39503,124],{"class":74},[60,39505,720],{"class":120},[60,39507,133],{"class":74},[60,39509,39510,39512,39514,39516],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,39511,140],{"class":139},[60,39513,124],{"class":74},[60,39515,720],{"class":120},[60,39517,133],{"class":74},[337,39519,39521],{"id":39520},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39523,39524],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39526,1498],{},[51,39528,39530],{"className":53,"code":39529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39531,39532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39533,39534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39535,39529],{"class":177},[20,39537,39538,39539,6462],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39540,2250],{},[20,39542,16546],{},[51,39544,39546],{"className":53,"code":39545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39547,39548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39549,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39551,140],{"class":139},[60,39553,124],{"class":74},[60,39555,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39557,124],{"class":74},[60,39559,37485],{"class":139},[60,39561,124],{"class":74},[60,39563,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39565,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39567,258],{"class":74},[60,39569,3793],{"class":120},[60,39571,4164],{"class":70},[60,39573,363],{"class":357},[60,39575,88],{"class":74},[60,39577,1512],{"class":74},[60,39579,358],{"class":357},[60,39581,88],{"class":74},[60,39583,363],{"class":357},[60,39585,88],{"class":74},[60,39587,368],{"class":357},[60,39589,88],{"class":74},[60,39591,373],{"class":357},[60,39593,37148],{"class":74},[337,39595,1391,39597,1394,39599],{"id":39596},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39598,37459],{},[15,39600,39601],{},"map()",[260,39603,39604,39609],{},[263,39605,39606,39608],{},[15,39607,37459],{}," keeps or removes items",[263,39610,39611,39613],{},[15,39612,39601],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39615,39616,39617,258],{},"Example of ",[15,39618,37459],{},[51,39620,39622],{"className":53,"code":39621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39623,39624,39648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39625,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39627,350],{"class":66},[60,39629,71],{"class":70},[60,39631,1512],{"class":74},[60,39633,358],{"class":357},[60,39635,88],{"class":74},[60,39637,363],{"class":357},[60,39639,88],{"class":74},[60,39641,368],{"class":357},[60,39643,88],{"class":74},[60,39645,373],{"class":357},[60,39647,1525],{"class":74},[60,39649,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39651,140],{"class":139},[60,39653,124],{"class":74},[60,39655,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39657,124],{"class":74},[60,39659,37485],{"class":139},[60,39661,124],{"class":74},[60,39663,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39665,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39667,258],{"class":74},[60,39669,3793],{"class":120},[60,39671,4164],{"class":70},[60,39673,363],{"class":357},[60,39675,88],{"class":74},[60,39677,1294],{"class":120},[60,39679,2827],{"class":74},[20,39681,404],{},[51,39683,39685],{"className":53,"code":39684,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39686,39687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39690,3812],{"class":74},[60,39692,389],{"class":357},[60,39694,88],{"class":74},[60,39696,373],{"class":357},[60,39698,1525],{"class":74},[20,39700,39616,39701,258],{},[15,39702,39601],{},[51,39704,39706],{"className":53,"code":39705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39707,39708,39732],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39709,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39711,350],{"class":66},[60,39713,71],{"class":70},[60,39715,1512],{"class":74},[60,39717,358],{"class":357},[60,39719,88],{"class":74},[60,39721,363],{"class":357},[60,39723,88],{"class":74},[60,39725,368],{"class":357},[60,39727,88],{"class":74},[60,39729,373],{"class":357},[60,39731,1525],{"class":74},[60,39733,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39758,39760,39762,39764],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39735,140],{"class":139},[60,39737,124],{"class":74},[60,39739,8006],{"class":1683},[60,39741,124],{"class":74},[60,39743,39744],{"class":139},"map",[60,39746,124],{"class":74},[60,39748,37543],{"class":1984},[60,39750,37547],{"class":37546},[60,39752,258],{"class":74},[60,39754,3793],{"class":120},[60,39756,39757],{"class":70},"*",[60,39759,363],{"class":357},[60,39761,88],{"class":74},[60,39763,1294],{"class":120},[60,39765,2827],{"class":74},[20,39767,404],{},[51,39769,39771],{"className":53,"code":39770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39772,39773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39774,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39776,3812],{"class":74},[60,39778,1303],{"class":357},[60,39780,88],{"class":74},[60,39782,373],{"class":357},[60,39784,88],{"class":74},[60,39786,37527],{"class":357},[60,39788,88],{"class":74},[60,39790,6271],{"class":357},[60,39792,1525],{"class":74},[20,39794,39795,39796,117],{},"For the related function, see ",[30,39797,3491,39799,3424],{"href":39798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39800,39601],{},[46,39802,1746],{"id":1745},[337,39804,12599,39806,39808],{"id":39805},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39807,37459],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39810,39811,39812,39814],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39813,24667],{}," if needed.",[337,39816,39818,39819,39821],{"id":39817},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39820,37459],{}," need to return?",[20,39823,37766,39824,39826,39827,39829],{},[15,39825,3520],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39828,3588],{}," to remove it.",[337,39831,1795,39833,39835],{"id":39832},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39834,37459],{}," without lambda?",[20,39837,39838],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[337,39840,1760,39842,39845],{"id":39841},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39843,39844],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39847,39848,39849,39851,39852,16963,39854,117],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39850,2039],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39853,277],{},[15,39855,3588],{},[337,39857,21309,39859,39861],{"id":39858},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39860,37459],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39863,39864,39865,39867],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39866,5869],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39869,39870],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[260,39872,39873,39879,39885],{},[263,39874,39875,39876,39878],{},"use ",[15,39877,37459],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[263,39880,39881,39882,39884],{},"use a ",[15,39883,5869],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[263,39886,39887],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39889,39890,39891,117],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[30,39892,5043],{"href":39893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[46,39895,1808],{"id":1807},[260,39897,39898,39903,39907,39912,39918],{},[263,39899,39900],{},[30,39901,39902],{"href":38338},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[263,39904,39905],{},[30,39906,5130],{"href":39893},[263,39908,39909],{},[30,39910,39911],{"href":39067},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[263,39913,39914],{},[30,39915,3491,39916,3424],{"href":39798},[15,39917,39601],{},[263,39919,39920],{},[30,39921,5125],{"href":5497},[1841,39923,39924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":39926},[39927,39928,39930,39934,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39955,39967],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":37593,"depth":111,"text":39929},"What filter() does",{"id":37727,"depth":111,"text":37728,"children":39931},[39932,39933],{"id":37744,"depth":136,"text":37744},{"id":3634,"depth":136,"text":3634},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904,"children":39935},[39936],{"id":38074,"depth":136,"text":38075},{"id":38187,"depth":111,"text":39938},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38342,"depth":111,"text":39940},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38504,"depth":111,"text":39942},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38684,"depth":111,"text":39944},"When to use filter()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":39946},[39947,39949,39951,39952,39953],{"id":39077,"depth":136,"text":39948},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39210,"depth":136,"text":39950},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39335,"depth":136,"text":39336},{"id":39520,"depth":136,"text":39521},{"id":39596,"depth":136,"text":39954},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":39956},[39957,39959,39961,39963,39965],{"id":39805,"depth":136,"text":39958},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39817,"depth":136,"text":39960},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39832,"depth":136,"text":39962},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39841,"depth":136,"text":39964},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39858,"depth":136,"text":39966},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37451,"description":39968},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39975,"title":39976,"body":39977,"description":42128,"extension":1883,"meta":42129,"navigation":152,"path":42130,"seo":42131,"stem":42132,"__hash__":42133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39978,"toc":42082},[39979,39982,39987,39993,39995,40047,40049,40068,40073,40077,40082,40085,40100,40103,40125,40127,40176,40178,40202,40204,40206,40221,40226,40233,40248,40250,40259,40262,40297,40301,40306,40310,40317,40352,40354,40370,40374,40377,40418,40420,40434,40438,40441,40465,40467,40476,40480,40483,40516,40518,40531,40535,40541,40560,40562,40570,40574,40579,40583,40589,40612,40614,40643,40646,40665,40669,40672,40699,40701,40735,40739,40742,40766,40770,40781,40783,40788,40794,40796,40880,40882,40924,40927,40931,40938,40947,41003,41010,41019,41024,41028,41099,41101,41110,41114,41117,41161,41163,41172,41176,41182,41232,41236,41241,41245,41269,41271,41280,41284,41308,41310,41321,41325,41349,41351,41360,41363,41380,41386,41390,41396,41399,41404,41407,41428,41430,41462,41465,41470,41472,41483,41485,41529,41533,41540,41592,41594,41603,41607,41610,41703,41706,41730,41734,41737,41829,41834,41838,41845,41850,41874,41876,41885,41890,41913,41915,41923,41930,41953,41961,41963,41976,41986,41988,41992,41999,42003,42012,42016,42023,42027,42031,42035,42047,42049,42079],[10,39980,39976],{"id":39981},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39983,9032,39984,39986],{},[15,39985,2799],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39988,39989,39990,39992],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39991,2799],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[46,39994,49],{"id":48},[51,39996,39998],{"className":53,"code":39997,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39999,40000,40014,40033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40001,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40003,140],{"class":139},[60,40005,124],{"class":74},[60,40007,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40009,124],{"class":74},[60,40011,2056],{"class":357},[60,40013,1691],{"class":74},[60,40015,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40029,40031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40017,140],{"class":139},[60,40019,124],{"class":74},[60,40021,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40023,124],{"class":74},[60,40025,79],{"class":78},[60,40027,40028],{"class":82},"3.14",[60,40030,79],{"class":78},[60,40032,1691],{"class":74},[60,40034,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40036,140],{"class":139},[60,40038,124],{"class":74},[60,40040,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40042,124],{"class":74},[60,40044,3520],{"class":734},[60,40046,1691],{"class":74},[20,40048,404],{},[51,40050,40052],{"className":53,"code":40051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40053,40054,40058,40063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40055,40056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40057,2396],{"class":357},[60,40059,40060],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40061,40062],{"class":357},"3.14\n",[60,40064,40065],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40066,40067],{"class":357},"1.0\n",[20,40069,243,40070,40072],{},[15,40071,2799],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[46,40074,40076],{"id":40075},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40078,40079,40081],{},[15,40080,2799],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40083,40084],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[260,40086,40087,40091,40095],{},[263,40088,40089],{},[15,40090,2408],{},[263,40092,40093],{},[15,40094,40028],{},[263,40096,40097],{},[15,40098,40099],{},"0.5",[20,40101,40102],{},"A few key points:",[260,40104,40105,40112,40115,40118],{},[263,40106,40107,40109,40110],{},[15,40108,2799],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40111,2111],{},[263,40113,40114],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[263,40116,40117],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[263,40119,40120,40121],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[30,40122,40123],{"href":8132},[15,40124,2873],{},[20,40126,2127],{},[51,40128,40130],{"className":53,"code":40129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40131,40132,40152,40162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40133,40134,40136,40138,40141,40143,40145,40148,40150],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40135,2137],{"class":66},[60,40137,71],{"class":70},[60,40139,40140],{"class":1683}," float",[60,40142,124],{"class":74},[60,40144,79],{"class":78},[60,40146,40147],{"class":82},"2.75",[60,40149,79],{"class":78},[60,40151,133],{"class":74},[60,40153,40154,40156,40158,40160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40155,140],{"class":139},[60,40157,124],{"class":74},[60,40159,2159],{"class":120},[60,40161,133],{"class":74},[60,40163,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172,40174],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40165,140],{"class":139},[60,40167,124],{"class":74},[60,40169,1684],{"class":1683},[60,40171,124],{"class":74},[60,40173,2159],{"class":120},[60,40175,1691],{"class":74},[20,40177,404],{},[51,40179,40181],{"className":53,"code":40180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40182,40183,40188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40184,40185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40186,40187],{"class":357},"2.75\n",[60,40189,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40191,3205],{"class":70},[60,40193,3208],{"class":1984},[60,40195,214],{"class":78},[60,40197,2111],{"class":82},[60,40199,205],{"class":78},[60,40201,3217],{"class":70},[46,40203,296],{"id":295},[20,40205,7129],{},[51,40207,40209],{"className":53,"code":40208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"float(value)\n",[15,40210,40211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40212,40213,40215,40217,40219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40214,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40216,124],{"class":74},[60,40218,315],{"class":120},[60,40220,133],{"class":74},[20,40222,40223,40224,117],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40225,2799],{},[20,40227,624,40228,40230,40231,258],{},[15,40229,2799],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40232,3682],{},[51,40234,40236],{"className":53,"code":40235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float())\n",[15,40237,40238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40239,40240,40242,40244,40246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40241,140],{"class":139},[60,40243,124],{"class":74},[60,40245,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40247,7105],{"class":74},[20,40249,404],{},[51,40251,40253],{"className":53,"code":40252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0.0\n",[15,40254,40255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40256,40257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40258,40252],{"class":357},[20,40260,40261],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[51,40263,40265],{"className":53,"code":40264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40266,40267,40287],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40268,40269,40272,40274,40276,40278,40280,40283,40285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40270,40271],{"class":66},"price ",[60,40273,71],{"class":70},[60,40275,40140],{"class":1683},[60,40277,124],{"class":74},[60,40279,79],{"class":78},[60,40281,40282],{"class":82},"19.99",[60,40284,79],{"class":78},[60,40286,133],{"class":74},[60,40288,40289,40291,40293,40295],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40290,140],{"class":139},[60,40292,124],{"class":74},[60,40294,25036],{"class":120},[60,40296,133],{"class":74},[46,40298,40300],{"id":40299},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40302,40303,40305],{},[15,40304,2799],{}," can convert several common value types.",[337,40307,40309],{"id":40308},"integers","Integers",[20,40311,40312,40313,40316],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40314,40315],{},".0"," added:",[51,40318,40320],{"className":53,"code":40319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40321,40322,40336],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40323,40324,40326,40328,40330,40332,40334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40325,140],{"class":139},[60,40327,124],{"class":74},[60,40329,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40331,124],{"class":74},[60,40333,2056],{"class":357},[60,40335,1691],{"class":74},[60,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40339,140],{"class":139},[60,40341,124],{"class":74},[60,40343,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40345,124],{"class":74},[60,40347,1942],{"class":70},[60,40349,1303],{"class":357},[60,40351,1691],{"class":74},[20,40353,404],{},[51,40355,40357],{"className":53,"code":40356,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40358,40359,40363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40360,40361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40362,2396],{"class":357},[60,40364,40365,40367],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40366,1942],{"class":70},[60,40368,40369],{"class":357},"2.0\n",[337,40371,40373],{"id":40372},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40375,40376],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[51,40378,40380],{"className":53,"code":40379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40381,40382,40400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40383,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392,40394,40396,40398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40385,140],{"class":139},[60,40387,124],{"class":74},[60,40389,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40391,124],{"class":74},[60,40393,79],{"class":78},[60,40395,40028],{"class":82},[60,40397,79],{"class":78},[60,40399,1691],{"class":74},[60,40401,40402,40404,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40403,140],{"class":139},[60,40405,124],{"class":74},[60,40407,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40409,124],{"class":74},[60,40411,79],{"class":78},[60,40413,2250],{"class":82},[60,40415,79],{"class":78},[60,40417,1691],{"class":74},[20,40419,404],{},[51,40421,40423],{"className":53,"code":40422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40424,40425,40429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40426,40427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40428,40062],{"class":357},[60,40430,40431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40432,40433],{"class":357},"10.0\n",[337,40435,40437],{"id":40436},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40439,40440],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[51,40442,40444],{"className":53,"code":40443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40445,40446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40447,40448,40450,40452,40454,40456,40458,40461,40463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40449,140],{"class":139},[60,40451,124],{"class":74},[60,40453,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40455,124],{"class":74},[60,40457,79],{"class":78},[60,40459,40460],{"class":82},"  8.5  ",[60,40462,79],{"class":78},[60,40464,1691],{"class":74},[20,40466,404],{},[51,40468,40470],{"className":53,"code":40469,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8.5\n",[15,40471,40472],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40473,40474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40475,40469],{"class":357},[337,40477,40479],{"id":40478},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40481,40482],{},"Boolean values also work:",[51,40484,40486],{"className":53,"code":40485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40487,40488,40502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40489,40490,40492,40494,40496,40498,40500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40491,140],{"class":139},[60,40493,124],{"class":74},[60,40495,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40497,124],{"class":74},[60,40499,3520],{"class":734},[60,40501,1691],{"class":74},[60,40503,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40505,140],{"class":139},[60,40507,124],{"class":74},[60,40509,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40511,124],{"class":74},[60,40513,3588],{"class":734},[60,40515,1691],{"class":74},[20,40517,404],{},[51,40519,40521],{"className":53,"code":40520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40522,40523,40527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40524,40525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40526,40067],{"class":357},[60,40528,40529],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40530,40252],{"class":357},[337,40532,40534],{"id":40533},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40536,40537,40538,40540],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40539,2799],{}," returns a float version of it:",[51,40542,40544],{"className":53,"code":40543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40545,40546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40547,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40549,140],{"class":139},[60,40551,124],{"class":74},[60,40553,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40555,124],{"class":74},[60,40557,2282],{"class":357},[60,40559,1691],{"class":74},[20,40561,404],{},[51,40563,40564],{"className":53,"code":2306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40565,40566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40567,40568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40569,2306],{"class":357},[46,40571,40573],{"id":40572},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40575,40576,40577,117],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40578,2799],{},[337,40580,40582],{"id":40581},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40584,40585,40586,258],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40587,40588],{},"ValueError",[51,40590,40592],{"className":53,"code":40591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40593,40594],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40595,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40597,140],{"class":139},[60,40599,124],{"class":74},[60,40601,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40603,124],{"class":74},[60,40605,79],{"class":78},[60,40607,3759],{"class":82},[60,40609,79],{"class":78},[60,40611,1691],{"class":74},[20,40613,29566],{},[51,40615,40617],{"className":53,"code":40616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40618,40619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40620,40621,40623,40625,40628,40630,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40622,40588],{"class":1683},[60,40624,258],{"class":74},[60,40626,40627],{"class":66}," could ",[60,40629,43],{"class":70},[60,40631,40632],{"class":66}," convert string to ",[60,40634,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40636,258],{"class":74},[60,40638,214],{"class":78},[60,40640,3759],{"class":82},[60,40642,29585],{"class":78},[20,40644,40645],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[51,40647,40649],{"className":53,"code":40648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40650,40651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40652,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661,40663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40654,140],{"class":139},[60,40656,124],{"class":74},[60,40658,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40660,124],{"class":74},[60,40662,6184],{"class":78},[60,40664,1691],{"class":74},[337,40666,40668],{"id":40667},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40670,40671],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[51,40673,40675],{"className":53,"code":40674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40676,40677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40678,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40680,140],{"class":139},[60,40682,124],{"class":74},[60,40684,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40686,1641],{"class":74},[60,40688,358],{"class":357},[60,40690,88],{"class":74},[60,40692,363],{"class":357},[60,40694,88],{"class":74},[60,40696,368],{"class":357},[60,40698,2913],{"class":74},[20,40700,29566],{},[51,40702,40704],{"className":53,"code":40703,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40705,40706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40707,40708,40710,40712,40714,40716,40719,40722,40725,40727,40729,40731,40733],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40709,2919],{"class":1683},[60,40711,258],{"class":74},[60,40713,40140],{"class":1683},[60,40715,7277],{"class":74},[60,40717,40718],{"class":66}," argument must be a string ",[60,40720,40721],{"class":70},"or",[60,40723,40724],{"class":66}," a real number",[60,40726,88],{"class":74},[60,40728,8012],{"class":70},[60,40730,214],{"class":78},[60,40732,8006],{"class":82},[60,40734,29585],{"class":78},[337,40736,40738],{"id":40737},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40740,40741],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[51,40743,40745],{"className":53,"code":40744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40746,40747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40748,40749,40751,40753,40755,40757,40759,40762,40764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40750,140],{"class":139},[60,40752,124],{"class":74},[60,40754,2111],{"class":1683},[60,40756,124],{"class":74},[60,40758,79],{"class":78},[60,40760,40761],{"class":82},"3,14",[60,40763,79],{"class":78},[60,40765,1691],{"class":74},[20,40767,2916,40768,117],{},[15,40769,40588],{},[20,40771,40772,40773,1776,40777,117],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[30,40774,40776],{"href":40775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[30,40778,40780],{"href":40779},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[46,40782,17310],{"id":17309},[20,40784,40785,40787],{},[15,40786,2799],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40789,40790,40791,40793],{},"It does ",[41,40792,43],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40795,2127],{},[51,40797,40799],{"className":53,"code":40798,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40800,40801,40814,40828,40832,40842,40852,40866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40804,34573],{"class":66},[60,40806,71],{"class":70},[60,40808,91],{"class":78},[60,40810,40811],{"class":82},"6.5",[60,40813,3273],{"class":78},[60,40815,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40817,2137],{"class":66},[60,40819,71],{"class":70},[60,40821,40140],{"class":1683},[60,40823,124],{"class":74},[60,40825,34594],{"class":120},[60,40827,133],{"class":74},[60,40829,40830],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40831,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,40833,40834,40836,40838,40840],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,40835,140],{"class":139},[60,40837,124],{"class":74},[60,40839,34594],{"class":120},[60,40841,133],{"class":74},[60,40843,40844,40846,40848,40850],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,40845,140],{"class":139},[60,40847,124],{"class":74},[60,40849,2159],{"class":120},[60,40851,133],{"class":74},[60,40853,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,40855,140],{"class":139},[60,40857,124],{"class":74},[60,40859,1684],{"class":1683},[60,40861,124],{"class":74},[60,40863,34594],{"class":120},[60,40865,1691],{"class":74},[60,40867,40868,40870,40872,40874,40876,40878],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,40869,140],{"class":139},[60,40871,124],{"class":74},[60,40873,1684],{"class":1683},[60,40875,124],{"class":74},[60,40877,2159],{"class":120},[60,40879,1691],{"class":74},[20,40881,404],{},[51,40883,40885],{"className":53,"code":40884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40886,40887,40892,40896,40910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40888,40889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40890,40891],{"class":357},"6.5\n",[60,40893,40894],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40895,40891],{"class":357},[60,40897,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40908],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40899,3205],{"class":70},[60,40901,3208],{"class":1984},[60,40903,214],{"class":78},[60,40905,3358],{"class":82},[60,40907,205],{"class":78},[60,40909,3217],{"class":70},[60,40911,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920,40922],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,40913,3205],{"class":70},[60,40915,3208],{"class":1984},[60,40917,214],{"class":78},[60,40919,2111],{"class":82},[60,40921,205],{"class":78},[60,40923,3217],{"class":70},[20,40925,40926],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[46,40928,40930],{"id":40929},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[337,40932,40934,40935,40937],{"id":40933},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40936,2873],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40939,1900,40940,40944,40945,117],{},[30,40941,40942,2222],{"href":8132},[15,40943,2873],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40946,2799],{},[51,40948,40950],{"className":53,"code":40949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40951,40952,40971,40985,40989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40953,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964,40967,40969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40955,8150],{"class":66},[60,40957,71],{"class":70},[60,40959,8155],{"class":139},[60,40961,124],{"class":74},[60,40963,79],{"class":78},[60,40965,40966],{"class":82},"Enter a price: ",[60,40968,79],{"class":78},[60,40970,133],{"class":74},[60,40972,40973,40975,40977,40979,40981,40983],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40974,40271],{"class":66},[60,40976,71],{"class":70},[60,40978,40140],{"class":1683},[60,40980,124],{"class":74},[60,40982,8179],{"class":120},[60,40984,133],{"class":74},[60,40986,40987],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,40988,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,40990,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,40992,140],{"class":139},[60,40994,124],{"class":74},[60,40996,40271],{"class":120},[60,40998,39757],{"class":70},[60,41000,363],{"class":357},[60,41002,133],{"class":74},[20,41004,41005,41006,41009],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41007,41008],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[51,41011,41013],{"className":53,"code":41012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"9.0\n",[15,41014,41015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41016,41017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41018,41012],{"class":357},[20,41020,41021,41022,117],{},"For more help with this, see ",[30,41023,8890],{"href":8889},[337,41025,41027],{"id":41026},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[51,41029,41031],{"className":53,"code":41030,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41032,41033,41046,41059,41063,41088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041,41044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41036,2471],{"class":66},[60,41038,71],{"class":70},[60,41040,91],{"class":78},[60,41042,41043],{"class":82},"2.5",[60,41045,3273],{"class":78},[60,41047,41048,41050,41052,41054,41057],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41049,2499],{"class":66},[60,41051,71],{"class":70},[60,41053,91],{"class":78},[60,41055,41056],{"class":82},"1.5",[60,41058,3273],{"class":78},[60,41060,41061],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41062,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41064,41065,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080,41082,41084,41086],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41066,41067],{"class":66},"total ",[60,41069,71],{"class":70},[60,41071,40140],{"class":1683},[60,41073,124],{"class":74},[60,41075,30],{"class":120},[60,41077,174],{"class":74},[60,41079,2372],{"class":70},[60,41081,40140],{"class":1683},[60,41083,124],{"class":74},[60,41085,1428],{"class":120},[60,41087,133],{"class":74},[60,41089,41090,41092,41094,41097],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,41091,140],{"class":139},[60,41093,124],{"class":74},[60,41095,41096],{"class":120},"total",[60,41098,133],{"class":74},[20,41100,404],{},[51,41102,41104],{"className":53,"code":41103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.0\n",[15,41105,41106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41107,41108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41109,41103],{"class":357},[337,41111,41113],{"id":41112},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41115,41116],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[51,41118,41120],{"className":53,"code":41119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41121,41122,41132,41147,41151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41123,41124,41127,41129],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41125,41126],{"class":66},"count ",[60,41128,71],{"class":70},[60,41130,41131],{"class":357}," 7\n",[60,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142,41145],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41135,688],{"class":66},[60,41137,71],{"class":70},[60,41139,40140],{"class":1683},[60,41141,124],{"class":74},[60,41143,41144],{"class":120},"count",[60,41146,133],{"class":74},[60,41148,41149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41150,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41152,41153,41155,41157,41159],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41154,140],{"class":139},[60,41156,124],{"class":74},[60,41158,720],{"class":120},[60,41160,133],{"class":74},[20,41162,404],{},[51,41164,41166],{"className":53,"code":41165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.0\n",[15,41167,41168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41169,41170],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41171,41165],{"class":357},[337,41173,41175],{"id":41174},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41177,41178,41179,41181],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41180,2799],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[51,41183,41185],{"className":53,"code":41184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41186,41187,41201,41217,41221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41188,41189,41192,41194,41196,41199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41190,41191],{"class":66},"temperature_text ",[60,41193,71],{"class":70},[60,41195,91],{"class":78},[60,41197,41198],{"class":82},"21.8",[60,41200,3273],{"class":78},[60,41202,41203,41206,41208,41210,41212,41215],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41204,41205],{"class":66},"temperature ",[60,41207,71],{"class":70},[60,41209,40140],{"class":1683},[60,41211,124],{"class":74},[60,41213,41214],{"class":120},"temperature_text",[60,41216,133],{"class":74},[60,41218,41219],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41220,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41222,41223,41225,41227,41230],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41224,140],{"class":139},[60,41226,124],{"class":74},[60,41228,41229],{"class":120},"temperature",[60,41231,133],{"class":74},[46,41233,41235],{"id":41234},"special-values","Special values",[20,41237,41238,41240],{},[15,41239,2799],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[337,41242,41244],{"id":41243},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[51,41246,41248],{"className":53,"code":41247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41249,41250],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41251,41252,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262,41265,41267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41253,140],{"class":139},[60,41255,124],{"class":74},[60,41257,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41259,124],{"class":74},[60,41261,79],{"class":78},[60,41263,41264],{"class":82},"inf",[60,41266,79],{"class":78},[60,41268,1691],{"class":74},[20,41270,404],{},[51,41272,41274],{"className":53,"code":41273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"inf\n",[15,41275,41276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41277,41278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41279,41273],{"class":66},[337,41281,41283],{"id":41282},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[51,41285,41287],{"className":53,"code":41286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41288,41289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41304,41306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41292,140],{"class":139},[60,41294,124],{"class":74},[60,41296,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41298,124],{"class":74},[60,41300,79],{"class":78},[60,41302,41303],{"class":82},"-inf",[60,41305,79],{"class":78},[60,41307,1691],{"class":74},[20,41309,404],{},[51,41311,41313],{"className":53,"code":41312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-inf\n",[15,41314,41315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41316,41317,41319],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41318,1942],{"class":70},[60,41320,41273],{"class":66},[337,41322,41324],{"id":41323},"not-a-number","Not a number",[51,41326,41328],{"className":53,"code":41327,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41329,41330],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41331,41332,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41345,41347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41333,140],{"class":139},[60,41335,124],{"class":74},[60,41337,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41339,124],{"class":74},[60,41341,79],{"class":78},[60,41343,41344],{"class":82},"nan",[60,41346,79],{"class":78},[60,41348,1691],{"class":74},[20,41350,404],{},[51,41352,41354],{"className":53,"code":41353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nan\n",[15,41355,41356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41357,41358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41359,41353],{"class":66},[20,41361,41362],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[260,41364,41365,41370,41375],{},[263,41366,41367,41369],{},[15,41368,41264],{}," means positive infinity",[263,41371,41372,41374],{},[15,41373,41303],{}," means negative infinity",[263,41376,41377,41379],{},[15,41378,41344],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41381,41382,41383,41385],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41384,2799],{}," accepts them.",[46,41387,41389],{"id":41388},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41391,41392,41393,41395],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41394,2799],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[337,41397,40588],{"id":41398},"valueerror",[20,41400,15080,41401,41403],{},[15,41402,40588],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41405,41406],{},"Common causes:",[260,41408,41409,41415,41418,41421],{},[263,41410,41411,41412],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41413,41414],{},"\"abc\"",[263,41416,41417],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[263,41419,41420],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[263,41422,4615,41423],{},[30,41424,41425,41427],{"href":8132},[15,41426,2873],{}," returns a string",[20,41429,2127],{},[51,41431,41433],{"className":53,"code":41432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41434,41435,41448],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41438,1700],{"class":66},[60,41440,71],{"class":70},[60,41442,91],{"class":78},[60,41444,41445],{"class":82},"abc",[60,41447,3273],{"class":78},[60,41449,41450,41452,41454,41456,41458,41460],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41451,140],{"class":139},[60,41453,124],{"class":74},[60,41455,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41457,124],{"class":74},[60,41459,315],{"class":120},[60,41461,1691],{"class":74},[337,41463,2919],{"id":41464},"typeerror",[20,41466,15080,41467,41469],{},[15,41468,2919],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41471,41406],{},[260,41473,41474,41477,41480],{},[263,41475,41476],{},"Passing a list",[263,41478,41479],{},"Passing a dictionary",[263,41481,41482],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41484,2127],{},[51,41486,41488],{"className":53,"code":41487,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41489,41490,41515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41491,41492,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41504,41506,41508,41511,41513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41493,1700],{"class":66},[60,41495,71],{"class":70},[60,41497,75],{"class":74},[60,41499,79],{"class":78},[60,41501,25036],{"class":82},[60,41503,79],{"class":78},[60,41505,258],{"class":74},[60,41507,91],{"class":78},[60,41509,41510],{"class":82},"9.99",[60,41512,79],{"class":78},[60,41514,108],{"class":74},[60,41516,41517,41519,41521,41523,41525,41527],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41518,140],{"class":139},[60,41520,124],{"class":74},[60,41522,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41524,124],{"class":74},[60,41526,315],{"class":120},[60,41528,1691],{"class":74},[337,41530,41532],{"id":41531},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41534,41535,41536,41539],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41537,41538],{},"strip()"," can help:",[51,41541,41543],{"className":53,"code":41542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41544,41545,41558,41573,41577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41546,41547,41549,41551,41553,41556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41548,1700],{"class":66},[60,41550,71],{"class":70},[60,41552,91],{"class":78},[60,41554,41555],{"class":82},"  7.25  ",[60,41557,3273],{"class":78},[60,41559,41560,41563,41565,41567,41569,41571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41561,41562],{"class":66},"clean_value ",[60,41564,71],{"class":70},[60,41566,8347],{"class":66},[60,41568,117],{"class":74},[60,41570,8546],{"class":120},[60,41572,8555],{"class":74},[60,41574,41575],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41576,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41578,41579,41581,41583,41585,41587,41590],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41580,140],{"class":139},[60,41582,124],{"class":74},[60,41584,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41586,124],{"class":74},[60,41588,41589],{"class":120},"clean_value",[60,41591,1691],{"class":74},[20,41593,404],{},[51,41595,41597],{"className":53,"code":41596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.25\n",[15,41598,41599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41600,41601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41602,41596],{"class":357},[337,41604,41606],{"id":41605},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41608,41609],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[51,41611,41613],{"className":53,"code":41612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41614,41615,41628,41632,41642,41656,41671,41675,41689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41616,41617,41619,41621,41623,41626],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41618,1700],{"class":66},[60,41620,71],{"class":70},[60,41622,91],{"class":78},[60,41624,41625],{"class":82}," 3.5 ",[60,41627,3273],{"class":78},[60,41629,41630],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41631,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41633,41634,41636,41638,41640],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41635,140],{"class":139},[60,41637,124],{"class":74},[60,41639,315],{"class":120},[60,41641,133],{"class":74},[60,41643,41644,41646,41648,41650,41652,41654],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41645,140],{"class":139},[60,41647,124],{"class":74},[60,41649,1684],{"class":1683},[60,41651,124],{"class":74},[60,41653,315],{"class":120},[60,41655,1691],{"class":74},[60,41657,41658,41660,41662,41665,41667,41669],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,41659,140],{"class":139},[60,41661,124],{"class":74},[60,41663,41664],{"class":139},"repr",[60,41666,124],{"class":74},[60,41668,315],{"class":120},[60,41670,1691],{"class":74},[60,41672,41673],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,41674,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41676,41677,41679,41681,41683,41685,41687],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,41678,41562],{"class":66},[60,41680,71],{"class":70},[60,41682,8347],{"class":66},[60,41684,117],{"class":74},[60,41686,8546],{"class":120},[60,41688,8555],{"class":74},[60,41690,41691,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,41692,140],{"class":139},[60,41694,124],{"class":74},[60,41696,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41698,124],{"class":74},[60,41700,41589],{"class":120},[60,41702,1691],{"class":74},[20,41704,41705],{},"Why this helps:",[260,41707,41708,41714,41719,41725],{},[263,41709,41710,41713],{},[15,41711,41712],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[263,41715,41716,21256],{},[15,41717,41718],{},"print(type(value))",[263,41720,41721,41724],{},[15,41722,41723],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[263,41726,41727,41729],{},[15,41728,41538],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[337,41731,41733],{"id":41732},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41735,41736],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[51,41738,41740],{"className":53,"code":41739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41741,41742,41761,41765,41771,41786,41805,41814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41743,41744,41746,41748,41750,41752,41754,41757,41759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41745,1700],{"class":66},[60,41747,71],{"class":70},[60,41749,8155],{"class":139},[60,41751,124],{"class":74},[60,41753,79],{"class":78},[60,41755,41756],{"class":82},"Enter a number: ",[60,41758,79],{"class":78},[60,41760,133],{"class":74},[60,41762,41763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41764,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,41766,41767,41769],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,41768,29689],{"class":1153},[60,41770,1168],{"class":74},[60,41772,41773,41776,41778,41780,41782,41784],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,41774,41775],{"class":66},"    number ",[60,41777,71],{"class":70},[60,41779,40140],{"class":1683},[60,41781,124],{"class":74},[60,41783,315],{"class":120},[60,41785,133],{"class":74},[60,41787,41788,41790,41792,41794,41797,41799,41801,41803],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,41789,7981],{"class":139},[60,41791,124],{"class":74},[60,41793,79],{"class":78},[60,41795,41796],{"class":82},"Converted:",[60,41798,79],{"class":78},[60,41800,88],{"class":74},[60,41802,2116],{"class":120},[60,41804,133],{"class":74},[60,41806,41807,41809,41812],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,41808,29720],{"class":1153},[60,41810,41811],{"class":1683}," ValueError",[60,41813,1168],{"class":74},[60,41815,41816,41818,41820,41822,41825,41827],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,41817,7981],{"class":139},[60,41819,124],{"class":74},[60,41821,79],{"class":78},[60,41823,41824],{"class":82},"That is not a valid number.",[60,41826,79],{"class":78},[60,41828,133],{"class":74},[20,41830,41831,41832,117],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[30,41833,40780],{"href":40779},[46,41835,41837],{"id":41836},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41839,10495,41840,1776,41842,41844],{},[15,41841,2799],{},[15,41843,2793],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41846,41847,41849],{},[15,41848,2799],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[51,41851,41853],{"className":53,"code":41852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41854,41855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41856,41857,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41870,41872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41858,140],{"class":139},[60,41860,124],{"class":74},[60,41862,2111],{"class":1683},[60,41864,124],{"class":74},[60,41866,79],{"class":78},[60,41868,41869],{"class":82},"3.9",[60,41871,79],{"class":78},[60,41873,1691],{"class":74},[20,41875,404],{},[51,41877,41879],{"className":53,"code":41878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.9\n",[15,41880,41881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41882,41883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41884,41878],{"class":357},[20,41886,41887,41889],{},[15,41888,2793],{}," creates whole numbers:",[51,41891,41893],{"className":53,"code":41892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41894,41895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41896,41897,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909,41911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41898,140],{"class":139},[60,41900,124],{"class":74},[60,41902,2108],{"class":1683},[60,41904,124],{"class":74},[60,41906,79],{"class":78},[60,41908,2250],{"class":82},[60,41910,79],{"class":78},[60,41912,1691],{"class":74},[20,41914,404],{},[51,41916,41917],{"className":53,"code":2296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,41918,41919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41920,41921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41922,2296],{"class":357},[20,41924,41925,41926,41929],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41927,41928],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[51,41931,41933],{"className":53,"code":41932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41934,41935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41936,41937,41939,41941,41943,41945,41947,41949,41951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41938,140],{"class":139},[60,41940,124],{"class":74},[60,41942,2108],{"class":1683},[60,41944,124],{"class":74},[60,41946,79],{"class":78},[60,41948,41869],{"class":82},[60,41950,79],{"class":78},[60,41952,1691],{"class":74},[20,41954,2916,41955,1327,41957,41960],{},[15,41956,40588],{},[15,41958,41959],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41962,10617],{},[260,41964,41965,41971],{},[263,41966,41967,41970],{},[15,41968,41969],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[263,41972,41973,41975],{},[15,41974,41928],{}," fails",[20,41977,41978,41979,41982,41983,41985],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[30,41980,41981],{"href":2790},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[30,41984,2339],{"href":2338}," helpful.",[46,41987,1746],{"id":1745},[337,41989,41991],{"id":41990},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41993,41994,41995,288,41997,117],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41996,2408],{},[15,41998,40028],{},[337,42000,42002],{"id":42001},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42004,42005,42006,288,42009,117],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42007,42008],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42010,42011],{},"\"10\"",[337,42013,42015],{"id":42014},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42017,28946,42018,42020,42021,117],{},[15,42019,41414],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42022,40588],{},[337,42024,42026],{"id":42025},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42028,1766,42029,117],{},[15,42030,3682],{},[337,42032,42034],{"id":42033},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42036,42037,42038,1324,42040,1776,42043,1324,42045,117],{},"Yes. ",[15,42039,3520],{},[15,42041,42042],{},"1.0",[15,42044,3588],{},[15,42046,3682],{},[46,42048,1808],{"id":1807},[260,42050,42051,42055,42061,42066,42070,42074],{},[263,42052,42053],{},[30,42054,41981],{"href":2790},[263,42056,42057],{},[30,42058,42060],{"href":42059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[263,42062,42063],{},[30,42064,42065],{"href":40775},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[263,42067,42068],{},[30,42069,8967],{"href":8889},[263,42071,42072],{},[30,42073,40780],{"href":40779},[263,42075,42076],{},[30,42077,42078],{"href":8132},"Python input() Function Explained",[1841,42080,42081],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":42083},[42084,42085,42086,42087,42094,42099,42100,42107,42112,42119,42120,42127],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":40075,"depth":111,"text":40076},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":40299,"depth":111,"text":40300,"children":42088},[42089,42090,42091,42092,42093],{"id":40308,"depth":136,"text":40309},{"id":40372,"depth":136,"text":40373},{"id":40436,"depth":136,"text":40437},{"id":40478,"depth":136,"text":40479},{"id":40533,"depth":136,"text":40534},{"id":40572,"depth":111,"text":40573,"children":42095},[42096,42097,42098],{"id":40581,"depth":136,"text":40582},{"id":40667,"depth":136,"text":40668},{"id":40737,"depth":136,"text":40738},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":40929,"depth":111,"text":40930,"children":42101},[42102,42104,42105,42106],{"id":40933,"depth":136,"text":42103},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41026,"depth":136,"text":41027},{"id":41112,"depth":136,"text":41113},{"id":41174,"depth":136,"text":41175},{"id":41234,"depth":111,"text":41235,"children":42108},[42109,42110,42111],{"id":41243,"depth":136,"text":41244},{"id":41282,"depth":136,"text":41283},{"id":41323,"depth":136,"text":41324},{"id":41388,"depth":111,"text":41389,"children":42113},[42114,42115,42116,42117,42118],{"id":41398,"depth":136,"text":40588},{"id":41464,"depth":136,"text":2919},{"id":41531,"depth":136,"text":41532},{"id":41605,"depth":136,"text":41606},{"id":41732,"depth":136,"text":41733},{"id":41836,"depth":111,"text":41837},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":42121},[42122,42123,42124,42125,42126],{"id":41990,"depth":136,"text":41991},{"id":42001,"depth":136,"text":42002},{"id":42014,"depth":136,"text":42015},{"id":42025,"depth":136,"text":42026},{"id":42033,"depth":136,"text":42034},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39976,"description":42128},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42135,"title":42136,"body":42137,"description":43358,"extension":1883,"meta":43359,"navigation":152,"path":34909,"seo":43360,"stem":43361,"__hash__":43362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42138,"toc":43324},[42139,42142,42147,42150,42152,42191,42205,42209,42214,42217,42234,42237,42247,42262,42265,42267,42270,42286,42289,42292,42312,42316,42327,42330,42334,42338,42352,42387,42391,42402,42437,42440,42442,42450,42483,42499,42501,42511,42532,42543,42545,42550,42553,42567,42569,42588,42591,42604,42607,42611,42615,42629,42632,42650,42653,42668,42672,42677,42691,42697,42699,42756,42758,42791,42794,42810,42814,42821,42825,42830,42833,42844,42848,42853,42868,42877,42882,42901,42904,42916,42918,42923,42933,42936,42965,42970,42979,42983,42988,42991,42995,43000,43002,43032,43035,43042,43047,43052,43056,43059,43067,43070,43148,43151,43173,43175,43179,43182,43186,43192,43255,43259,43267,43271,43274,43276,43301,43321],[10,42140,42136],{"id":42141},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42143,3498,42144,42146],{},[15,42145,34912],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42148,42149],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[46,42151,49],{"id":48},[51,42153,42155],{"className":53,"code":42154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42156,42157,42167,42177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42158,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42160,1713],{"class":139},[60,42162,124],{"class":74},[60,42164,11064],{"class":139},[60,42166,133],{"class":74},[60,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42170,1713],{"class":139},[60,42172,124],{"class":74},[60,42174,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42176,133],{"class":74},[60,42178,42179,42181,42183,42185,42187,42189],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,42180,1713],{"class":139},[60,42182,124],{"class":74},[60,42184,205],{"class":78},[60,42186,34544],{"class":82},[60,42188,205],{"class":78},[60,42190,133],{"class":74},[20,42192,243,42193,42195,42196,288,42198,42200,42201,42204],{},[15,42194,34912],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42197,11064],{},[15,42199,3358],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42202,42203],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[46,42206,42208],{"id":42207},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42210,42211,42213],{},[15,42212,34912],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42215,42216],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[260,42218,42219,42222,42225,42228,42231],{},[263,42220,42221],{},"Functions",[263,42223,42224],{},"Classes",[263,42226,42227],{},"Methods",[263,42229,42230],{},"Modules",[263,42232,42233],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42235,42236],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42238,42239,42240,42246],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[30,42241,42243],{"href":42242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42244,42245],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[51,42248,42250],{"className":53,"code":42249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\n",[15,42251,42252],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42253,42254,42256,42258,42260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42255,1713],{"class":139},[60,42257,124],{"class":74},[60,42259,11064],{"class":139},[60,42261,133],{"class":74},[20,42263,42264],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[46,42266,296],{"id":295},[20,42268,42269],{},"The main form is:",[51,42271,42273],{"className":53,"code":42272,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(object)\n",[15,42274,42275],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42276,42277,42279,42281,42284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42278,1713],{"class":139},[60,42280,124],{"class":74},[60,42282,42283],{"class":1683},"object",[60,42285,133],{"class":74},[20,42287,42288],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42290,42291],{},"Common examples include:",[260,42293,42294,42298,42303,42307],{},[263,42295,42296],{},[15,42297,11064],{},[263,42299,42300],{},[15,42301,42302],{},"list.append",[263,42304,42305],{},[15,42306,3358],{},[263,42308,42309],{},[15,42310,42311],{},"open",[20,42313,7086,42314,7089],{},[15,42315,34912],{},[51,42317,42319],{"className":53,"code":42318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help()\n",[15,42320,42321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42322,42323,42325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42324,1713],{"class":139},[60,42326,8555],{"class":74},[20,42328,42329],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[46,42331,42333],{"id":42332},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[337,42335,42337],{"id":42336},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42339,42340,42341,36,42343,36,42345,16963,42348,117],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42342,11064],{},[15,42344,140],{},[15,42346,42347],{},"input",[30,42349,42350],{"href":2218},[15,42351,2221],{},[51,42353,42355],{"className":53,"code":42354,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42356,42357,42367,42377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42358,42359,42361,42363,42365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42360,1713],{"class":139},[60,42362,124],{"class":74},[60,42364,140],{"class":139},[60,42366,133],{"class":74},[60,42368,42369,42371,42373,42375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42370,1713],{"class":139},[60,42372,124],{"class":74},[60,42374,42347],{"class":139},[60,42376,133],{"class":74},[60,42378,42379,42381,42383,42385],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,42380,1713],{"class":139},[60,42382,124],{"class":74},[60,42384,1684],{"class":1683},[60,42386,133],{"class":74},[337,42388,42390],{"id":42389},"data-types","Data types",[20,42392,42393,42394,36,42396,36,42398,16963,42400,117],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42395,3358],{},[15,42397,8006],{},[15,42399,8733],{},[15,42401,1718],{},[51,42403,42405],{"className":53,"code":42404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42406,42407,42417,42427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42408,42409,42411,42413,42415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42410,1713],{"class":139},[60,42412,124],{"class":74},[60,42414,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42416,133],{"class":74},[60,42418,42419,42421,42423,42425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42420,1713],{"class":139},[60,42422,124],{"class":74},[60,42424,8006],{"class":1683},[60,42426,133],{"class":74},[60,42428,42429,42431,42433,42435],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,42430,1713],{"class":139},[60,42432,124],{"class":74},[60,42434,8733],{"class":1683},[60,42436,133],{"class":74},[20,42438,42439],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[337,42441,42227],{"id":34391},[20,42443,42444,42445,1776,42448,117],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42446,42447],{},"str.split",[15,42449,42302],{},[51,42451,42453],{"className":53,"code":42452,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42454,42455,42469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42456,42457,42459,42461,42463,42465,42467],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42458,1713],{"class":139},[60,42460,124],{"class":74},[60,42462,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42464,117],{"class":74},[60,42466,34354],{"class":1723},[60,42468,133],{"class":74},[60,42470,42471,42473,42475,42477,42479,42481],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42472,1713],{"class":139},[60,42474,124],{"class":74},[60,42476,8006],{"class":1683},[60,42478,117],{"class":74},[60,42480,13444],{"class":1723},[60,42482,133],{"class":74},[20,42484,42485,42486,1394,42488,28199,42493,42495,42496,42498],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42487,34912],{},[30,42489,42491],{"href":42490},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42492,34196],{},[15,42494,34196],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42497,34912],{}," explains one of them.",[337,42500,42230],{"id":34544},[20,42502,42503,42504,36,42506,16963,42508,117],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42505,18307],{},[15,42507,35075],{},[15,42509,42510],{},"os",[51,42512,42514],{"className":53,"code":42513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42515,42516,42522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42517,42518,42520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42519,34976],{"class":1153},[60,42521,34979],{"class":66},[60,42523,42524,42526,42528,42530],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42525,1713],{"class":139},[60,42527,124],{"class":74},[60,42529,18307],{"class":120},[60,42531,133],{"class":74},[20,42533,42534,42535,42539,42540,117],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[30,42536,42538],{"href":42537},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[30,42541,35042],{"href":42542},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[46,42544,34803],{"id":34802},[20,42546,42547,42549],{},[15,42548,34912],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42551,42552],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[260,42554,42555,42558,42561,42564],{},[263,42556,42557],{},"The function signature",[263,42559,42560],{},"The short description",[263,42562,42563],{},"Parameter names",[263,42565,42566],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42568,5382],{},[51,42570,42572],{"className":53,"code":42571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42573,42574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42575,42576,42578,42580,42582,42584,42586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42577,1713],{"class":139},[60,42579,124],{"class":74},[60,42581,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42583,117],{"class":74},[60,42585,34354],{"class":1723},[60,42587,133],{"class":74},[20,42589,42590],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[260,42592,42593,42596,42599,42601],{},[263,42594,42595],{},"What object this is",[263,42597,42598],{},"What arguments it accepts",[263,42600,21859],{},[263,42602,42603],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42605,42606],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[46,42608,42610],{"id":42609},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42612,42613,29759],{},[15,42614,34912],{},[260,42616,42617,42620,42623,42626],{},[263,42618,42619],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[263,42621,42622],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[263,42624,42625],{},"You are exploring a new module",[263,42627,42628],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42630,42631],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[51,42633,42634],{"className":53,"code":42571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,42635,42636],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42639,1713],{"class":139},[60,42641,124],{"class":74},[60,42643,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42645,117],{"class":74},[60,42647,34354],{"class":1723},[60,42649,133],{"class":74},[20,42651,42652],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[51,42654,42656],{"className":53,"code":42655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(open)\n",[15,42657,42658],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42659,42660,42662,42664,42666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42661,1713],{"class":139},[60,42663,124],{"class":74},[60,42665,42311],{"class":139},[60,42667,133],{"class":74},[46,42669,42671],{"id":42670},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42673,42674,42676],{},[15,42675,34912],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[260,42678,42679,42682,42685,42688],{},[263,42680,42681],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[263,42683,42684],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[263,42686,42687],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[263,42689,42690],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42692,42693,42694,42696],{},"So, ",[15,42695,34912],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42698,5382],{},[51,42700,42702],{"className":53,"code":42701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42703,42704,42717,42741,42745],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42705,42706,42708,42710,42712,42715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42707,34573],{"class":66},[60,42709,71],{"class":70},[60,42711,91],{"class":78},[60,42713,42714],{"class":82},"a,b,c",[60,42716,3273],{"class":78},[60,42718,42719,42722,42724,42727,42729,42731,42733,42735,42737,42739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42720,42721],{"class":66},"parts ",[60,42723,71],{"class":70},[60,42725,42726],{"class":66}," text",[60,42728,117],{"class":74},[60,42730,34354],{"class":120},[60,42732,124],{"class":74},[60,42734,79],{"class":78},[60,42736,88],{"class":82},[60,42738,79],{"class":78},[60,42740,133],{"class":74},[60,42742,42743],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,42744,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,42746,42747,42749,42751,42754],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,42748,140],{"class":139},[60,42750,124],{"class":74},[60,42752,42753],{"class":120},"parts",[60,42755,133],{"class":74},[20,42757,5470],{},[51,42759,42761],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42762,42763],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771,42773,42775,42777,42779,42781,42783,42785,42787,42789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42766,3812],{"class":74},[60,42768,205],{"class":78},[60,42770,30],{"class":82},[60,42772,205],{"class":78},[60,42774,88],{"class":74},[60,42776,214],{"class":78},[60,42778,1428],{"class":82},[60,42780,205],{"class":78},[60,42782,88],{"class":74},[60,42784,214],{"class":78},[60,42786,1437],{"class":82},[60,42788,205],{"class":78},[60,42790,1525],{"class":74},[20,42792,42793],{},"A good workflow is:",[28598,42795,42796,42801,42804,42807],{},[263,42797,243,42798,42800],{},[15,42799,34912],{}," to inspect something",[263,42802,42803],{},"Write a tiny example",[263,42805,42806],{},"Check the result",[263,42808,42809],{},"Repeat",[46,42811,42813],{"id":42812},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42815,42816,1776,42818,42820],{},[15,42817,34912],{},[15,42819,34196],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[337,42822,42823],{"id":1713},[15,42824,34912],{},[20,42826,243,42827,42829],{},[15,42828,34912],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42831,42832],{},"It tells you:",[260,42834,42835,42838,42841],{},[263,42836,42837],{},"What something is",[263,42839,42840],{},"How to use it",[263,42842,42843],{},"What parameters it accepts",[337,42845,42846],{"id":34257},[15,42847,34196],{},[20,42849,243,42850,42852],{},[15,42851,34196],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[51,42854,42856],{"className":53,"code":42855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dir(str)\n",[15,42857,42858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42859,42860,42862,42864,42866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42861,34257],{"class":139},[60,42863,124],{"class":74},[60,42865,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42867,133],{"class":74},[20,42869,42870,42871,36,42873,16963,42875,117],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42872,34354],{},[15,42874,8546],{},[15,42876,8552],{},[20,42878,42879,42880,258],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42881,34912],{},[51,42883,42885],{"className":53,"code":42884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42886,42887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42888,42889,42891,42893,42895,42897,42899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42890,1713],{"class":139},[60,42892,124],{"class":74},[60,42894,3358],{"class":1683},[60,42896,117],{"class":74},[60,42898,8552],{"class":1723},[60,42900,133],{"class":74},[20,42902,42903],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[260,42905,42906,42911],{},[263,42907,243,42908,42910],{},[15,42909,34196],{}," to discover options",[263,42912,243,42913,42915],{},[15,42914,34912],{}," to understand one option",[46,42917,1245],{"id":1244},[20,42919,42920,42921,117],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42922,34912],{},[337,42924,8331,42926,42929,42930],{"id":42925},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42927,42928],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42931,42932],{},"help(len)",[20,42934,42935],{},"These are not always the same.",[51,42937,42939],{"className":53,"code":42938,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42940,42941,42951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42942,42943,42945,42947,42949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42944,1713],{"class":139},[60,42946,124],{"class":74},[60,42948,11064],{"class":139},[60,42950,133],{"class":74},[60,42952,42953,42955,42957,42959,42961,42963],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42954,1713],{"class":139},[60,42956,124],{"class":74},[60,42958,205],{"class":78},[60,42960,11064],{"class":82},[60,42962,205],{"class":78},[60,42964,133],{"class":74},[20,42966,42967,42969],{},[15,42968,42932],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42971,42972,42974,42975,42978],{},[15,42973,42928],{}," treats ",[15,42976,42977],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[337,42980,42982],{"id":42981},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42984,42985,42987],{},[15,42986,34912],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42989,42990],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[337,42992,42994],{"id":42993},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42996,624,42997,42999],{},[15,42998,34912],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43001,2127],{},[51,43003,43005],{"className":53,"code":43004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43006,43007,43017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43008,43009,43011,43013,43015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43010,1713],{"class":139},[60,43012,124],{"class":74},[60,43014,11064],{"class":139},[60,43016,133],{"class":74},[60,43018,43019,43021,43023,43025,43028,43030],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43020,140],{"class":139},[60,43022,124],{"class":74},[60,43024,79],{"class":78},[60,43026,43027],{"class":82},"Done",[60,43029,79],{"class":78},[60,43031,133],{"class":74},[20,43033,43034],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[337,43036,1391,43038,1394,43040],{"id":43037},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43039,34912],{},[15,43041,34196],{},[20,43043,43044,43045,117],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43046,34196],{},[20,43048,43049,43050,117],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43051,34912],{},[46,43053,43055],{"id":43054},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43057,43058],{},"Open Python:",[51,43060,43061],{"className":53,"code":35428,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43062,43063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43064,43065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43066,35428],{"class":66},[20,43068,43069],{},"Then test these commands:",[51,43071,43073],{"className":53,"code":43072,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43074,43075,43085,43099,43113,43123,43138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43076,43077,43079,43081,43083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43078,1713],{"class":139},[60,43080,124],{"class":74},[60,43082,11064],{"class":139},[60,43084,133],{"class":74},[60,43086,43087,43089,43091,43093,43095,43097],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43088,1713],{"class":139},[60,43090,124],{"class":74},[60,43092,3358],{"class":1683},[60,43094,117],{"class":74},[60,43096,34354],{"class":1723},[60,43098,133],{"class":74},[60,43100,43101,43103,43105,43107,43109,43111],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43102,1713],{"class":139},[60,43104,124],{"class":74},[60,43106,8006],{"class":1683},[60,43108,117],{"class":74},[60,43110,13444],{"class":1723},[60,43112,133],{"class":74},[60,43114,43115,43117,43119,43121],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43116,1713],{"class":139},[60,43118,124],{"class":74},[60,43120,42311],{"class":139},[60,43122,133],{"class":74},[60,43124,43125,43127,43129,43131,43134,43136],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43126,1713],{"class":139},[60,43128,124],{"class":74},[60,43130,205],{"class":78},[60,43132,43133],{"class":82},"keywords",[60,43135,205],{"class":78},[60,43137,133],{"class":74},[60,43139,43140,43142,43144,43146],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,43141,34257],{"class":139},[60,43143,124],{"class":74},[60,43145,3358],{"class":1683},[60,43147,133],{"class":74},[20,43149,43150],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[260,43152,43153,43156,43159,43162,43165,43168],{},[263,43154,43155],{},"A built-in function",[263,43157,43158],{},"A string method",[263,43160,43161],{},"A list method",[263,43163,43164],{},"A built-in file function",[263,43166,43167],{},"A special help topic",[263,43169,15080,43170,43172],{},[15,43171,34196],{}," example for comparison",[46,43174,1746],{"id":1745},[337,43176,43178],{"id":43177},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43180,43181],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[337,43183,43185],{"id":43184},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43187,43188,43189,43191],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43190,34912],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[51,43193,43195],{"className":53,"code":43194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43196,43197,43209,43222,43241,43245],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43198,43199,43201,43203,43205,43207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43200,34736],{"class":1984},[60,43202,34740],{"class":34739},[60,43204,124],{"class":74},[60,43206,7580],{"class":37546},[60,43208,8255],{"class":74},[60,43210,43211,43215,43219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43212,43214],{"class":43213},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[60,43216,43218],{"class":43217},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[60,43220,43221],{"class":43213},"\"\"\"\n",[60,43223,43224,43226,43229,43232,43234,43236,43238],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43225,34747],{"class":1153},[60,43227,43228],{"class":1984}," f",[60,43230,43231],{"class":82},"\"Hello, ",[60,43233,202],{"class":357},[60,43235,7580],{"class":66},[60,43237,22191],{"class":357},[60,43239,43240],{"class":82},"!\"\n",[60,43242,43243],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43244,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43246,43247,43249,43251,43253],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43248,1713],{"class":139},[60,43250,124],{"class":74},[60,43252,34782],{"class":120},[60,43254,133],{"class":74},[337,43256,43258],{"id":43257},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43260,43261,43263,43264,43266],{},[15,43262,42932],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43265,42928],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[337,43268,43270],{"id":43269},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43272,43273],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[46,43275,1808],{"id":1807},[260,43277,43278,43283,43287,43292,43297],{},[263,43279,43280],{},[30,43281,43282],{"href":42490},"Python dir() function explained",[263,43284,43285],{},[30,43286,8356],{"href":2218},[263,43288,43289],{},[30,43290,43291],{"href":42242},"Python len() function explained",[263,43293,43294],{},[30,43295,43296],{"href":42537},"How import works in Python",[263,43298,43299],{},[30,43300,35042],{"href":42542},[20,43302,43303,43304,43306,43307,36,43309,16963,43311,43313,43314,288,43317,43320],{},"Try ",[15,43305,34912],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43308,11064],{},[15,43310,140],{},[15,43312,42347],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43315,43316],{},"dir(str)",[15,43318,43319],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1841,43322,43323],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":43325},[43326,43327,43328,43329,43335,43336,43337,43338,43342,43350,43351,43357],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":42207,"depth":111,"text":42208},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":42332,"depth":111,"text":42333,"children":43330},[43331,43332,43333,43334],{"id":42336,"depth":136,"text":42337},{"id":42389,"depth":136,"text":42390},{"id":34391,"depth":136,"text":42227},{"id":34544,"depth":136,"text":42230},{"id":34802,"depth":111,"text":34803},{"id":42609,"depth":111,"text":42610},{"id":42670,"depth":111,"text":42671},{"id":42812,"depth":111,"text":42813,"children":43339},[43340,43341],{"id":1713,"depth":136,"text":34912},{"id":34257,"depth":136,"text":34196},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":43343},[43344,43346,43347,43348],{"id":42925,"depth":136,"text":43345},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42981,"depth":136,"text":42982},{"id":42993,"depth":136,"text":42994},{"id":43037,"depth":136,"text":43349},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43054,"depth":111,"text":43055},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":43352},[43353,43354,43355,43356],{"id":43177,"depth":136,"text":43178},{"id":43184,"depth":136,"text":43185},{"id":43257,"depth":136,"text":43258},{"id":43269,"depth":136,"text":43270},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42136,"description":43358},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43364,"title":43365,"body":43366,"description":44728,"extension":1883,"meta":44729,"navigation":152,"path":44730,"seo":44731,"stem":44732,"__hash__":44733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43367,"toc":44701},[43368,43374,43379,43385,43395,43454,43464,43475,43480,43486,43488,43506,43514,43516,43518,43533,43536,43547,43549,43640,43643,43647,43652,43673,43675,43786,43788,43815,43826,43830,43833,43916,43918,43926,43932,43938,43942,43945,44055,44057,44070,44073,44087,44095,44102,44107,44121,44127,44240,44242,44303,44306,44312,44318,44321,44343,44346,44416,44419,44451,44458,44460,44463,44481,44484,44496,44502,44504,44509,44535,44538,44610,44612,44618,44621,44627,44630,44636,44646,44652,44655,44662,44665,44667,44698],[10,43369,3491,43371,3495],{"id":43370},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43372,43373],{},"id()",[20,43375,32202,43376,43378],{},[15,43377,43373],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43380,43381,43382,43384],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43383,43373],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43386,243,43387,43389,43390,43392,43393,117],{},[15,43388,43373],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[41,43391,43],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43394,4599],{},[51,43396,43398],{"className":53,"code":43397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43399,43400,43412,43426,43430,43440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43401,43402,43404,43406,43408,43410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43403,7788],{"class":66},[60,43405,71],{"class":70},[60,43407,91],{"class":78},[60,43409,7208],{"class":82},[60,43411,3273],{"class":78},[60,43413,43414,43416,43418,43420,43422,43424],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43415,140],{"class":139},[60,43417,124],{"class":74},[60,43419,12544],{"class":139},[60,43421,124],{"class":74},[60,43423,7580],{"class":120},[60,43425,1691],{"class":74},[60,43427,43428],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43429,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43431,43432,43435,43437],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43433,43434],{"class":66},"other ",[60,43436,71],{"class":70},[60,43438,43439],{"class":66}," name\n",[60,43441,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450,43452],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43443,140],{"class":139},[60,43445,124],{"class":74},[60,43447,12544],{"class":139},[60,43449,124],{"class":74},[60,43451,30628],{"class":120},[60,43453,1691],{"class":74},[20,43455,43456,43457,43460,43461,43463],{},"In this example, ",[15,43458,43459],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43462,43373],{}," values match.",[43465,43466,43467],"blockquote",{},[20,43468,243,43469,43471,43472,43474],{},[15,43470,43373],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43473,4599],{}," for value comparison.",[46,43476,250,43478,253],{"id":43477},"what-id-does",[15,43479,43373],{},[20,43481,43482,43485],{},[15,43483,43484],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43487,12946],{},[260,43489,43490,43493,43500,43503],{},[263,43491,43492],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[263,43494,43495,43496,43499],{},"It shows ",[41,43497,43498],{},"object identity",", not object value",[263,43501,43502],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[263,43504,43505],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43507,43508,43509,43513],{},"This is closely related to how ",[30,43510,43512],{"href":43511},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[46,43515,296],{"id":295},[20,43517,5344],{},[51,43519,43521],{"className":53,"code":43520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"id(object)\n",[15,43522,43523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43524,43525,43527,43529,43531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43526,12544],{"class":139},[60,43528,124],{"class":74},[60,43530,42283],{"class":1683},[60,43532,133],{"class":74},[20,43534,43535],{},"Important details:",[260,43537,43538,43541,43544],{},[263,43539,43540],{},"It takes one argument",[263,43542,43543],{},"It returns an integer",[263,43545,43546],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43548,2127],{},[51,43550,43552],{"className":53,"code":43551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43553,43554,43566,43574,43594,43598,43612,43626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43555,43556,43558,43560,43562,43564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43557,34573],{"class":66},[60,43559,71],{"class":70},[60,43561,91],{"class":78},[60,43563,3759],{"class":82},[60,43565,3273],{"class":78},[60,43567,43568,43570,43572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43569,2137],{"class":66},[60,43571,71],{"class":70},[60,43573,2686],{"class":357},[60,43575,43576,43578,43580,43582,43584,43586,43588,43590,43592],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43577,486],{"class":66},[60,43579,71],{"class":70},[60,43581,1512],{"class":74},[60,43583,358],{"class":357},[60,43585,88],{"class":74},[60,43587,363],{"class":357},[60,43589,88],{"class":74},[60,43591,368],{"class":357},[60,43593,1525],{"class":74},[60,43595,43596],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43597,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43599,43600,43602,43604,43606,43608,43610],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43601,140],{"class":139},[60,43603,124],{"class":74},[60,43605,12544],{"class":139},[60,43607,124],{"class":74},[60,43609,34594],{"class":120},[60,43611,1691],{"class":74},[60,43613,43614,43616,43618,43620,43622,43624],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,43615,140],{"class":139},[60,43617,124],{"class":74},[60,43619,12544],{"class":139},[60,43621,124],{"class":74},[60,43623,2159],{"class":120},[60,43625,1691],{"class":74},[60,43627,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,43629,140],{"class":139},[60,43631,124],{"class":74},[60,43633,12544],{"class":139},[60,43635,124],{"class":74},[60,43637,517],{"class":120},[60,43639,1691],{"class":74},[20,43641,43642],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[46,43644,43646],{"id":43645},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43648,43649,43650,117],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43651,43373],{},[260,43653,43654,43661,43668],{},[263,43655,43656,43658,43659],{},[15,43657,4599],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[41,43660,315],{},[263,43662,43663,43665,43666],{},[15,43664,12088],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[41,43667,42283],{},[263,43669,43670,43672],{},[15,43671,43373],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43674,2127],{},[51,43676,43678],{"className":53,"code":43677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43679,43680,43700,43720,43724,43741,43758,43772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43681,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43683,2471],{"class":66},[60,43685,71],{"class":70},[60,43687,1512],{"class":74},[60,43689,358],{"class":357},[60,43691,88],{"class":74},[60,43693,363],{"class":357},[60,43695,88],{"class":74},[60,43697,368],{"class":357},[60,43699,1525],{"class":74},[60,43701,43702,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43703,2499],{"class":66},[60,43705,71],{"class":70},[60,43707,1512],{"class":74},[60,43709,358],{"class":357},[60,43711,88],{"class":74},[60,43713,363],{"class":357},[60,43715,88],{"class":74},[60,43717,368],{"class":357},[60,43719,1525],{"class":74},[60,43721,43722],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43723,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43725,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43727,140],{"class":139},[60,43729,124],{"class":74},[60,43731,2471],{"class":120},[60,43733,4599],{"class":70},[60,43735,2476],{"class":120},[60,43737,174],{"class":74},[60,43739,43740],{"class":177},"   # True\n",[60,43742,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43744,140],{"class":139},[60,43746,124],{"class":74},[60,43748,2471],{"class":120},[60,43750,12088],{"class":1153},[60,43752,2476],{"class":120},[60,43754,174],{"class":74},[60,43756,43757],{"class":177},"   # False\n",[60,43759,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,43761,140],{"class":139},[60,43763,124],{"class":74},[60,43765,12544],{"class":139},[60,43767,124],{"class":74},[60,43769,30],{"class":120},[60,43771,1691],{"class":74},[60,43773,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,43775,140],{"class":139},[60,43777,124],{"class":74},[60,43779,12544],{"class":139},[60,43781,124],{"class":74},[60,43783,1428],{"class":120},[60,43785,1691],{"class":74},[20,43787,2098],{},[260,43789,43790,43798,43806],{},[263,43791,43792,4694,43795,43797],{},[15,43793,43794],{},"a == b",[15,43796,3520],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[263,43799,43800,4694,43803,43805],{},[15,43801,43802],{},"a is b",[15,43804,3588],{}," because they are different list objects",[263,43807,43808,1776,43811,43814],{},[15,43809,43810],{},"id(a)",[15,43812,43813],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43816,43817,43818,1776,43822,117],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[30,43819,43821],{"href":43820},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[30,43823,43825],{"href":43824},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[46,43827,43829],{"id":43828},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43831,43832],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[51,43834,43836],{"className":53,"code":43835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43837,43838,43858,43868,43872,43886,43901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43841,350],{"class":66},[60,43843,71],{"class":70},[60,43845,1512],{"class":74},[60,43847,2250],{"class":357},[60,43849,88],{"class":74},[60,43851,7702],{"class":357},[60,43853,88],{"class":74},[60,43855,7707],{"class":357},[60,43857,1525],{"class":74},[60,43859,43860,43863,43865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43861,43862],{"class":66},"other_numbers ",[60,43864,71],{"class":70},[60,43866,43867],{"class":66}," numbers\n",[60,43869,43870],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43871,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43873,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43875,140],{"class":139},[60,43877,124],{"class":74},[60,43879,12544],{"class":139},[60,43881,124],{"class":74},[60,43883,380],{"class":120},[60,43885,1691],{"class":74},[60,43887,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43899],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,43889,140],{"class":139},[60,43891,124],{"class":74},[60,43893,12544],{"class":139},[60,43895,124],{"class":74},[60,43897,43898],{"class":120},"other_numbers",[60,43900,1691],{"class":74},[60,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43914],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,43904,140],{"class":139},[60,43906,124],{"class":74},[60,43908,350],{"class":120},[60,43910,12088],{"class":1153},[60,43912,43913],{"class":120}," other_numbers",[60,43915,133],{"class":74},[20,43917,5470],{},[51,43919,43920],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43921,43922],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43923,43924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43925,3892],{"class":734},[20,43927,43928,43929,43931],{},"The two ",[15,43930,43373],{}," values will also match.",[20,43933,22077,43934,43937],{},[15,43935,43936],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[46,43939,43941],{"id":43940},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43943,43944],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[51,43946,43948],{"className":53,"code":43947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43949,43950,43971,43992,43996,44011,44025,44040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43951,43952,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43953,43954],{"class":66},"list_a ",[60,43956,71],{"class":70},[60,43958,1512],{"class":74},[60,43960,358],{"class":357},[60,43962,88],{"class":74},[60,43964,363],{"class":357},[60,43966,88],{"class":74},[60,43968,368],{"class":357},[60,43970,1525],{"class":74},[60,43972,43973,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43974,43975],{"class":66},"list_b ",[60,43977,71],{"class":70},[60,43979,1512],{"class":74},[60,43981,358],{"class":357},[60,43983,88],{"class":74},[60,43985,363],{"class":357},[60,43987,88],{"class":74},[60,43989,368],{"class":357},[60,43991,1525],{"class":74},[60,43993,43994],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,43995,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,43997,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44009],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,43999,140],{"class":139},[60,44001,124],{"class":74},[60,44003,43954],{"class":120},[60,44005,4599],{"class":70},[60,44007,44008],{"class":120}," list_b",[60,44010,133],{"class":74},[60,44012,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,44014,140],{"class":139},[60,44016,124],{"class":74},[60,44018,43954],{"class":120},[60,44020,12088],{"class":1153},[60,44022,44008],{"class":120},[60,44024,133],{"class":74},[60,44026,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44038],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,44028,140],{"class":139},[60,44030,124],{"class":74},[60,44032,12544],{"class":139},[60,44034,124],{"class":74},[60,44036,44037],{"class":120},"list_a",[60,44039,1691],{"class":74},[60,44041,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050,44053],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,44043,140],{"class":139},[60,44045,124],{"class":74},[60,44047,12544],{"class":139},[60,44049,124],{"class":74},[60,44051,44052],{"class":120},"list_b",[60,44054,1691],{"class":74},[20,44056,5470],{},[51,44058,44060],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44061,44062,44066],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44063,44064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44065,3892],{"class":734},[60,44067,44068],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44069,3953],{"class":734},[20,44071,44072],{},"What this means:",[260,44074,44075,44078,44081],{},[263,44076,44077],{},"The lists are equal in value",[263,44079,44080],{},"They are not the same object",[263,44082,44083,44084,44086],{},"Their ",[15,44085,43373],{}," values are usually different",[20,44088,44089,44090,44092,44093,117],{},"This is why ",[15,44091,43373],{}," should not replace ",[15,44094,4599],{},[46,44096,44098,44099,44101],{"id":44097},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44100,43373],{}," is useful",[20,44103,44104,44106],{},[15,44105,43373],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[260,44108,44109,44112,44115,44118],{},[263,44110,44111],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[263,44113,44114],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[263,44116,44117],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[263,44119,44120],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44122,44123,44124,44126],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44125,43373],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[51,44128,44130],{"className":53,"code":44129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44131,44132,44156,44165,44169,44188,44192,44202,44212,44226],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44133,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44135,11980],{"class":66},[60,44137,71],{"class":70},[60,44139,1512],{"class":74},[60,44141,79],{"class":78},[60,44143,30],{"class":82},[60,44145,79],{"class":78},[60,44147,88],{"class":74},[60,44149,91],{"class":78},[60,44151,1428],{"class":82},[60,44153,79],{"class":78},[60,44155,1525],{"class":74},[60,44157,44158,44161,44163],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44159,44160],{"class":66},"copy_ref ",[60,44162,71],{"class":70},[60,44164,12018],{"class":66},[60,44166,44167],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,44168,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,44170,44171,44174,44176,44178,44180,44182,44184,44186],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,44172,44173],{"class":66},"copy_ref",[60,44175,117],{"class":74},[60,44177,13444],{"class":120},[60,44179,124],{"class":74},[60,44181,79],{"class":78},[60,44183,1437],{"class":82},[60,44185,79],{"class":78},[60,44187,133],{"class":74},[60,44189,44190],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,44191,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,44193,44194,44196,44198,44200],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,44195,140],{"class":139},[60,44197,124],{"class":74},[60,44199,12027],{"class":120},[60,44201,133],{"class":74},[60,44203,44204,44206,44208,44210],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,44205,140],{"class":139},[60,44207,124],{"class":74},[60,44209,44173],{"class":120},[60,44211,133],{"class":74},[60,44213,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,44215,140],{"class":139},[60,44217,124],{"class":74},[60,44219,12544],{"class":139},[60,44221,124],{"class":74},[60,44223,12027],{"class":120},[60,44225,1691],{"class":74},[60,44227,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236,44238],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,44229,140],{"class":139},[60,44231,124],{"class":74},[60,44233,12544],{"class":139},[60,44235,124],{"class":74},[60,44237,44173],{"class":120},[60,44239,1691],{"class":74},[20,44241,5470],{},[51,44243,44245],{"className":53,"code":44244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44246,44247,44275],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44248,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44250,3812],{"class":74},[60,44252,205],{"class":78},[60,44254,30],{"class":82},[60,44256,205],{"class":78},[60,44258,88],{"class":74},[60,44260,214],{"class":78},[60,44262,1428],{"class":82},[60,44264,205],{"class":78},[60,44266,88],{"class":74},[60,44268,214],{"class":78},[60,44270,1437],{"class":82},[60,44272,205],{"class":78},[60,44274,1525],{"class":74},[60,44276,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44278,3812],{"class":74},[60,44280,205],{"class":78},[60,44282,30],{"class":82},[60,44284,205],{"class":78},[60,44286,88],{"class":74},[60,44288,214],{"class":78},[60,44290,1428],{"class":82},[60,44292,205],{"class":78},[60,44294,88],{"class":74},[60,44296,214],{"class":78},[60,44298,1437],{"class":82},[60,44300,205],{"class":78},[60,44302,1525],{"class":74},[20,44304,44305],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[46,44307,44309,44310],{"id":44308},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44311,43373],{},[20,44313,44314,44315,44317],{},"Do not use ",[15,44316,43373],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44319,44320],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[260,44322,44323,44329,44335,44338],{},[263,44324,44325,44326,44328],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44327,4599],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[263,44330,44331,44332,44334],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44333,43373],{}," values across program runs",[263,44336,44337],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[263,44339,44340,44341],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44342,43373],{},[20,44344,44345],{},"Bad example:",[51,44347,44349],{"className":53,"code":44348,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44350,44351,44363,44375,44379,44401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44352,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44354,2471],{"class":66},[60,44356,71],{"class":70},[60,44358,91],{"class":78},[60,44360,36931],{"class":82},[60,44362,3273],{"class":78},[60,44364,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44366,2499],{"class":66},[60,44368,71],{"class":70},[60,44370,91],{"class":78},[60,44372,36931],{"class":82},[60,44374,3273],{"class":78},[60,44376,44377],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,44378,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391,44393,44395,44397,44399],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,44382,1154],{"class":1153},[60,44384,14707],{"class":139},[60,44386,124],{"class":74},[60,44388,30],{"class":120},[60,44390,174],{"class":74},[60,44392,6319],{"class":70},[60,44394,14707],{"class":139},[60,44396,124],{"class":74},[60,44398,1428],{"class":120},[60,44400,8255],{"class":74},[60,44402,44403,44405,44407,44409,44412,44414],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,44404,7981],{"class":139},[60,44406,124],{"class":74},[60,44408,79],{"class":78},[60,44410,44411],{"class":82},"The values are equal",[60,44413,79],{"class":78},[60,44415,133],{"class":74},[20,44417,44418],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[51,44420,44422],{"className":53,"code":44421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44423,44424,44437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44425,44426,44428,44431,44433,44435],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44427,1154],{"class":1153},[60,44429,44430],{"class":66}," a ",[60,44432,4599],{"class":70},[60,44434,2476],{"class":66},[60,44436,1168],{"class":74},[60,44438,44439,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44440,7981],{"class":139},[60,44442,124],{"class":74},[60,44444,79],{"class":78},[60,44446,44411],{"class":82},[60,44448,79],{"class":78},[60,44450,133],{"class":74},[20,44452,243,44453,288,44455,44457],{},[15,44454,12088],{},[15,44456,43373],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[46,44459,20690],{"id":20689},[20,44461,44462],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[260,44464,44465,44468,44471,44476],{},[263,44466,44467],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[263,44469,44470],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[263,44472,44473,44474],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44475,43373],{},[263,44477,44478,44479],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44480,43373],{},[20,44482,44483],{},"The important rule is:",[260,44485,44486,44491],{},[263,44487,243,44488,44490],{},[15,44489,4599],{}," to check value",[263,44492,243,44493,44495],{},[15,44494,12088],{}," to check identity",[20,44497,44498,44499,44501],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44500,43373],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[46,44503,1245],{"id":1244},[20,44505,44506,44507,258],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44508,43373],{},[260,44510,44511,44519,44522,44525,44530],{},[263,44512,8331,44513,44515,44516,44518],{},[15,44514,43373],{}," when ",[15,44517,4599],{}," should be used",[263,44520,44521],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[263,44523,44524],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[263,44526,44527,44528],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44529,43373],{},[263,44531,8331,44532,44534],{},[15,44533,43373],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44536,44537],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[51,44539,44541],{"className":53,"code":44540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44542,44543,44558,44572,44586,44600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44544,44545,44547,44549,44551,44553,44556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44546,140],{"class":139},[60,44548,124],{"class":74},[60,44550,12544],{"class":139},[60,44552,124],{"class":74},[60,44554,44555],{"class":120},"my_object",[60,44557,1691],{"class":74},[60,44559,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44561,140],{"class":139},[60,44563,124],{"class":74},[60,44565,2471],{"class":120},[60,44567,4599],{"class":70},[60,44569,2476],{"class":120},[60,44571,133],{"class":74},[60,44573,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,44575,140],{"class":139},[60,44577,124],{"class":74},[60,44579,2471],{"class":120},[60,44581,12088],{"class":1153},[60,44583,2476],{"class":120},[60,44585,133],{"class":74},[60,44587,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,44589,140],{"class":139},[60,44591,124],{"class":74},[60,44593,1684],{"class":1683},[60,44595,124],{"class":74},[60,44597,44555],{"class":120},[60,44599,1691],{"class":74},[60,44601,44602,44604,44606,44608],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,44603,1713],{"class":139},[60,44605,124],{"class":74},[60,44607,12544],{"class":139},[60,44609,133],{"class":74},[46,44611,1746],{"id":1745},[337,44613,44615,44616,1763],{"id":44614},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44617,43373],{},[20,44619,44620],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[337,44622,14794,44624,44626],{"id":44623},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44625,43373],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44628,44629],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[337,44631,21309,44633,44635],{"id":44632},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44634,43373],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44637,30155,44638,44640,44641,288,44643,44645],{},[15,44639,4599],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44642,43373],{},[15,44644,12088],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[337,44647,44649,44650,1779],{"id":44648},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44651,43373],{},[20,44653,44654],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[337,44656,44658,44659,44661],{"id":44657},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44660,43373],{}," values?",[20,44663,44664],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[46,44666,1808],{"id":1807},[260,44668,44669,44674,44679,44684,44692],{},[263,44670,44671],{},[30,44672,44673],{"href":43511},"Python variables explained for beginners",[263,44675,44676],{},[30,44677,44678],{"href":43820},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[263,44680,44681],{},[30,44682,44683],{"href":43824},"Python data types overview",[263,44685,44686],{},[30,44687,3491,44689,3424],{"href":44688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44690,44691],{},"isinstance()",[263,44693,44694],{},[30,44695,44697],{"href":44696},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1841,44699,44700],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":44702},[44703,44705,44706,44707,44708,44709,44711,44713,44714,44715,44727],{"id":43477,"depth":111,"text":44704},"What id() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":43645,"depth":111,"text":43646},{"id":43828,"depth":111,"text":43829},{"id":43940,"depth":111,"text":43941},{"id":44097,"depth":111,"text":44710},"When id() is useful",{"id":44308,"depth":111,"text":44712},"When not to use id()",{"id":20689,"depth":111,"text":20690},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":44716},[44717,44719,44721,44723,44725],{"id":44614,"depth":136,"text":44718},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44623,"depth":136,"text":44720},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44632,"depth":136,"text":44722},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44648,"depth":136,"text":44724},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44657,"depth":136,"text":44726},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43365,"description":44728},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44735,"title":42078,"body":44736,"description":46374,"extension":1883,"meta":46375,"navigation":152,"path":46376,"seo":46377,"stem":46378,"__hash__":46379},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44737,"toc":46340},[44738,44743,44748,44751,44753,44796,44801,44804,44809,44814,44817,44833,44835,44879,44881,44908,44910,44925,44927,44929,44931,44947,44949,44961,44964,44998,45001,45026,45031,45033,45038,45042,45045,45047,45095,45097,45130,45136,45147,45149,45201,45203,45234,45236,45240,45244,45287,45293,45299,45351,45359,45364,45368,45459,45461,45494,45497,45499,45559,45561,45587,45597,45599,45603,45608,45613,45615,45652,45654,45673,45676,45680,45683,45739,45751,45760,45762,45789,45796,45803,45807,45810,45847,45850,45856,45893,45895,45899,45905,45923,45928,45976,45980,46069,46072,46079,46081,46083,46088,46106,46108,46151,46157,46174,46176,46238,46240,46242,46248,46255,46261,46267,46276,46286,46290,46298,46300,46302,46337],[10,44739,3491,44741,3495],{"id":44740},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44742,2873],{},[20,44744,1900,44745,44747],{},[15,44746,2873],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44749,44750],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[46,44752,49],{"id":48},[51,44754,44756],{"className":53,"code":44755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44757,44758,44777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44759,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768,44770,44773,44775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44761,7788],{"class":66},[60,44763,71],{"class":70},[60,44765,8155],{"class":139},[60,44767,124],{"class":74},[60,44769,79],{"class":78},[60,44771,44772],{"class":82},"Enter your name: ",[60,44774,79],{"class":78},[60,44776,133],{"class":74},[60,44778,44779,44781,44783,44785,44788,44790,44792,44794],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44780,140],{"class":139},[60,44782,124],{"class":74},[60,44784,79],{"class":78},[60,44786,44787],{"class":82},"Hello, ",[60,44789,79],{"class":78},[60,44791,2372],{"class":70},[60,44793,35878],{"class":120},[60,44795,133],{"class":74},[20,44797,243,44798,44800],{},[15,44799,2873],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44802,44803],"hr",{},[46,44805,250,44807,253],{"id":44806},"what-input-does",[15,44808,2873],{},[20,44810,44811,44813],{},[15,44812,2873],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44815,44816],{},"Here is what happens:",[260,44818,44819,44824,44827,44830],{},[263,44820,44821,44823],{},[15,44822,2873],{}," waits for the user to type",[263,44825,44826],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[263,44828,44829],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[263,44831,44832],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44834,2127],{},[51,44836,44838],{"className":53,"code":44837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44839,44840,44860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44841,44842,44845,44847,44849,44851,44853,44856,44858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44843,44844],{"class":66},"color ",[60,44846,71],{"class":70},[60,44848,8155],{"class":139},[60,44850,124],{"class":74},[60,44852,79],{"class":78},[60,44854,44855],{"class":82},"What is your favorite color? ",[60,44857,79],{"class":78},[60,44859,133],{"class":74},[60,44861,44862,44864,44866,44868,44871,44873,44875,44877],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44863,140],{"class":139},[60,44865,124],{"class":74},[60,44867,79],{"class":78},[60,44869,44870],{"class":82},"Your favorite color is",[60,44872,79],{"class":78},[60,44874,88],{"class":74},[60,44876,35737],{"class":120},[60,44878,133],{"class":74},[20,44880,192],{},[51,44882,44884],{"className":53,"code":44883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44885,44886,44899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44887,44888,44890,44892,44895,44897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44889,250],{"class":66},[60,44891,12088],{"class":70},[60,44893,44894],{"class":66}," your favorite color",[60,44896,1779],{"class":37250},[60,44898,35767],{"class":66},[60,44900,44901,44904,44906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44902,44903],{"class":66},"Your favorite color ",[60,44905,12088],{"class":70},[60,44907,35767],{"class":66},[20,44909,19846],{},[260,44911,44912,44917,44922],{},[263,44913,44914,44915],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44916,44855],{},[263,44918,44919,44920],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44921,32776],{},[263,44923,44924],{},"That value is then printed",[44802,44926],{},[46,44928,296],{"id":295},[20,44930,7129],{},[51,44932,44934],{"className":53,"code":44933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44935,44936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44937,44938,44940,44942,44945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44939,42347],{"class":139},[60,44941,124],{"class":74},[60,44943,44944],{"class":120},"prompt",[60,44946,133],{"class":74},[20,44948,11358],{},[260,44950,44951,44955,44958],{},[263,44952,1900,44953,19928],{},[15,44954,44944],{},[263,44956,44957],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[263,44959,44960],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44962,44963],{},"Example with a prompt:",[51,44965,44967],{"className":53,"code":44966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44968,44969,44988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44970,44971,44973,44975,44977,44979,44981,44984,44986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44972,7873],{"class":66},[60,44974,71],{"class":70},[60,44976,8155],{"class":139},[60,44978,124],{"class":74},[60,44980,79],{"class":78},[60,44982,44983],{"class":82},"Enter your username: ",[60,44985,79],{"class":78},[60,44987,133],{"class":74},[60,44989,44990,44992,44994,44996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44991,140],{"class":139},[60,44993,124],{"class":74},[60,44995,7897],{"class":120},[60,44997,133],{"class":74},[20,44999,45000],{},"Example without a prompt:",[51,45002,45004],{"className":53,"code":45003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45005,45006,45016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45007,45008,45010,45012,45014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45009,1700],{"class":66},[60,45011,71],{"class":70},[60,45013,8155],{"class":139},[60,45015,8555],{"class":74},[60,45017,45018,45020,45022,45024],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45019,140],{"class":139},[60,45021,124],{"class":74},[60,45023,315],{"class":120},[60,45025,133],{"class":74},[20,45027,7675,45028,45030],{},[15,45029,2873],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44802,45032],{},[46,45034,250,45036,11600],{"id":45035},"what-input-returns",[15,45037,2873],{},[20,45039,45040,8138],{},[15,45041,2873],{},[20,45043,45044],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45046,2127],{},[51,45048,45050],{"className":53,"code":45049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45051,45052,45071,45081],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060,45062,45064,45067,45069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45055,21517],{"class":66},[60,45057,71],{"class":70},[60,45059,8155],{"class":139},[60,45061,124],{"class":74},[60,45063,79],{"class":78},[60,45065,45066],{"class":82},"Enter your age: ",[60,45068,79],{"class":78},[60,45070,133],{"class":74},[60,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45074,140],{"class":139},[60,45076,124],{"class":74},[60,45078,9206],{"class":120},[60,45080,133],{"class":74},[60,45082,45083,45085,45087,45089,45091,45093],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45084,140],{"class":139},[60,45086,124],{"class":74},[60,45088,1684],{"class":1683},[60,45090,124],{"class":74},[60,45092,9206],{"class":120},[60,45094,1691],{"class":74},[20,45096,192],{},[51,45098,45100],{"className":53,"code":45099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45101,45102,45112,45116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45103,45104,45107,45109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45105,45106],{"class":66},"Enter your age",[60,45108,258],{"class":74},[60,45110,45111],{"class":357}," 25\n",[60,45113,45114],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45115,2626],{"class":357},[60,45117,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126,45128],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45119,3205],{"class":70},[60,45121,3208],{"class":1984},[60,45123,214],{"class":78},[60,45125,3358],{"class":82},[60,45127,205],{"class":78},[60,45129,3217],{"class":70},[20,45131,45132,45133,45135],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45134,9102],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45137,45138,45139,288,45143,117],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[30,45140,45141],{"href":2790},[15,45142,2793],{},[30,45144,45145],{"href":2796},[15,45146,2799],{},[20,45148,2127],{},[51,45150,45152],{"className":53,"code":45151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45153,45154,45177,45187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45155,45156,45158,45160,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45157,21517],{"class":66},[60,45159,71],{"class":70},[60,45161,45162],{"class":1683}," int",[60,45164,124],{"class":74},[60,45166,42347],{"class":139},[60,45168,124],{"class":74},[60,45170,79],{"class":78},[60,45172,45066],{"class":82},[60,45174,79],{"class":78},[60,45176,1691],{"class":74},[60,45178,45179,45181,45183,45185],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45180,140],{"class":139},[60,45182,124],{"class":74},[60,45184,9206],{"class":120},[60,45186,133],{"class":74},[60,45188,45189,45191,45193,45195,45197,45199],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45190,140],{"class":139},[60,45192,124],{"class":74},[60,45194,1684],{"class":1683},[60,45196,124],{"class":74},[60,45198,9206],{"class":120},[60,45200,1691],{"class":74},[20,45202,192],{},[51,45204,45206],{"className":53,"code":45205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45207,45208,45216,45220],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45209,45210,45212,45214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45211,45106],{"class":66},[60,45213,258],{"class":74},[60,45215,45111],{"class":357},[60,45217,45218],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45219,2626],{"class":357},[60,45221,45222,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45223,3205],{"class":70},[60,45225,3208],{"class":1984},[60,45227,214],{"class":78},[60,45229,2108],{"class":82},[60,45231,205],{"class":78},[60,45233,3217],{"class":70},[44802,45235],{},[46,45237,45239],{"id":45238},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[337,45241,45243],{"id":45242},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[51,45245,45247],{"className":53,"code":45246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45248,45249,45268],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45250,45251,45253,45255,45257,45259,45261,45264,45266],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45252,7788],{"class":66},[60,45254,71],{"class":70},[60,45256,8155],{"class":139},[60,45258,124],{"class":74},[60,45260,79],{"class":78},[60,45262,45263],{"class":82},"What is your name? ",[60,45265,79],{"class":78},[60,45267,133],{"class":74},[60,45269,45270,45272,45274,45276,45279,45281,45283,45285],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45271,140],{"class":139},[60,45273,124],{"class":74},[60,45275,79],{"class":78},[60,45277,45278],{"class":82},"Hello,",[60,45280,79],{"class":78},[60,45282,88],{"class":74},[60,45284,35878],{"class":120},[60,45286,133],{"class":74},[20,45288,45289,45290,45292],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45291,7580],{}," and prints it.",[337,45294,45296,45297],{"id":45295},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45298,2793],{},[51,45300,45302],{"className":53,"code":45301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45303,45304,45327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45305,45306,45308,45310,45312,45314,45316,45318,45320,45323,45325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45307,21517],{"class":66},[60,45309,71],{"class":70},[60,45311,45162],{"class":1683},[60,45313,124],{"class":74},[60,45315,42347],{"class":139},[60,45317,124],{"class":74},[60,45319,79],{"class":78},[60,45321,45322],{"class":82},"How old are you? ",[60,45324,79],{"class":78},[60,45326,1691],{"class":74},[60,45328,45329,45331,45333,45335,45338,45340,45342,45345,45347,45349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45330,140],{"class":139},[60,45332,124],{"class":74},[60,45334,79],{"class":78},[60,45336,45337],{"class":82},"Next year you will be",[60,45339,79],{"class":78},[60,45341,88],{"class":74},[60,45343,45344],{"class":120}," age ",[60,45346,1979],{"class":70},[60,45348,5408],{"class":357},[60,45350,133],{"class":74},[20,45352,5972,45353,45355,45356,45358],{},[15,45354,2793],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45357,2873],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45360,45361,45362,117],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[30,45363,8890],{"href":8889},[337,45365,45367],{"id":45366},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[51,45369,45371],{"className":53,"code":45370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45372,45373,45397,45421,45435,45439],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45374,45375,45378,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45393,45395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45376,45377],{"class":66},"num1 ",[60,45379,71],{"class":70},[60,45381,45162],{"class":1683},[60,45383,124],{"class":74},[60,45385,42347],{"class":139},[60,45387,124],{"class":74},[60,45389,79],{"class":78},[60,45391,45392],{"class":82},"Enter the first number: ",[60,45394,79],{"class":78},[60,45396,1691],{"class":74},[60,45398,45399,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45417,45419],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45400,45401],{"class":66},"num2 ",[60,45403,71],{"class":70},[60,45405,45162],{"class":1683},[60,45407,124],{"class":74},[60,45409,42347],{"class":139},[60,45411,124],{"class":74},[60,45413,79],{"class":78},[60,45415,45416],{"class":82},"Enter the second number: ",[60,45418,79],{"class":78},[60,45420,1691],{"class":74},[60,45422,45423,45425,45427,45430,45432],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45424,41067],{"class":66},[60,45426,71],{"class":70},[60,45428,45429],{"class":66}," num1 ",[60,45431,1979],{"class":70},[60,45433,45434],{"class":66}," num2\n",[60,45436,45437],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,45438,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,45440,45441,45443,45445,45447,45450,45452,45454,45457],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,45442,140],{"class":139},[60,45444,124],{"class":74},[60,45446,79],{"class":78},[60,45448,45449],{"class":82},"Total:",[60,45451,79],{"class":78},[60,45453,88],{"class":74},[60,45455,45456],{"class":120}," total",[60,45458,133],{"class":74},[20,45460,192],{},[51,45462,45464],{"className":53,"code":45463,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45465,45466,45476,45485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45467,45468,45471,45473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45469,45470],{"class":66},"Enter the first number",[60,45472,258],{"class":74},[60,45474,45475],{"class":357}," 2\n",[60,45477,45478,45481,45483],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45479,45480],{"class":66},"Enter the second number",[60,45482,258],{"class":74},[60,45484,2494],{"class":357},[60,45486,45487,45490,45492],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45488,45489],{"class":66},"Total",[60,45491,258],{"class":74},[60,45493,34727],{"class":357},[20,45495,45496],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45498,2127],{},[51,45500,45502],{"className":53,"code":45501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45503,45504,45522,45540,45544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45505,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45507,45377],{"class":66},[60,45509,71],{"class":70},[60,45511,8155],{"class":139},[60,45513,124],{"class":74},[60,45515,79],{"class":78},[60,45517,45392],{"class":82},[60,45519,79],{"class":78},[60,45521,133],{"class":74},[60,45523,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45525,45401],{"class":66},[60,45527,71],{"class":70},[60,45529,8155],{"class":139},[60,45531,124],{"class":74},[60,45533,79],{"class":78},[60,45535,45416],{"class":82},[60,45537,79],{"class":78},[60,45539,133],{"class":74},[60,45541,45542],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45543,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,45545,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45557],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,45547,140],{"class":139},[60,45549,124],{"class":74},[60,45551,45377],{"class":120},[60,45553,1979],{"class":70},[60,45555,45556],{"class":120}," num2",[60,45558,133],{"class":74},[20,45560,192],{},[51,45562,45564],{"className":53,"code":45563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45565,45566,45574,45582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45567,45568,45570,45572],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45569,45470],{"class":66},[60,45571,258],{"class":74},[60,45573,45475],{"class":357},[60,45575,45576,45578,45580],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45577,45480],{"class":66},[60,45579,258],{"class":74},[60,45581,2494],{"class":357},[60,45583,45584],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45585,45586],{"class":357},"23\n",[20,45588,45589,45590,45593,45594,117],{},"That happens because ",[15,45591,45592],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45595,45596],{},"\"23\"",[44802,45598],{},[46,45600,45602],{"id":45601},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45604,45605,45606,117],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45607,2873],{},[337,45609,4615,45611,41427],{"id":45610},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45612,2873],{},[20,45614,39083],{},[51,45616,45618],{"className":53,"code":45617,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45619,45620,45638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45621,45622,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45623,1700],{"class":66},[60,45625,71],{"class":70},[60,45627,8155],{"class":139},[60,45629,124],{"class":74},[60,45631,79],{"class":78},[60,45633,41756],{"class":82},[60,45635,79],{"class":78},[60,45637,133],{"class":74},[60,45639,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45641,140],{"class":139},[60,45643,124],{"class":74},[60,45645,1684],{"class":1683},[60,45647,124],{"class":74},[60,45649,315],{"class":120},[60,45651,1691],{"class":74},[20,45653,404],{},[51,45655,45657],{"className":53,"code":45656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45658,45659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45660,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45662,3205],{"class":70},[60,45664,3208],{"class":1984},[60,45666,214],{"class":78},[60,45668,3358],{"class":82},[60,45670,205],{"class":78},[60,45672,3217],{"class":70},[20,45674,45675],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[337,45677,45679],{"id":45678},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45681,45682],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[51,45684,45686],{"className":53,"code":45685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45687,45688,45706,45725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45689,45690,45692,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45691,2471],{"class":66},[60,45693,71],{"class":70},[60,45695,8155],{"class":139},[60,45697,124],{"class":74},[60,45699,79],{"class":78},[60,45701,41756],{"class":82},[60,45703,79],{"class":78},[60,45705,133],{"class":74},[60,45707,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716,45718,45721,45723],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45709,2499],{"class":66},[60,45711,71],{"class":70},[60,45713,8155],{"class":139},[60,45715,124],{"class":74},[60,45717,79],{"class":78},[60,45719,45720],{"class":82},"Enter another number: ",[60,45722,79],{"class":78},[60,45724,133],{"class":74},[60,45726,45727,45729,45731,45733,45735,45737],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,45728,140],{"class":139},[60,45730,124],{"class":74},[60,45732,2471],{"class":120},[60,45734,1979],{"class":70},[60,45736,2476],{"class":120},[60,45738,133],{"class":74},[20,45740,41005,45741,1776,45743,45745,45746,18853,45749,117],{},[15,45742,2421],{},[15,45744,2056],{},", the result is ",[15,45747,45748],{},"45",[15,45750,2064],{},[337,45752,45754,45755,45757,45758],{"id":45753},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45756,40588],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45759,2793],{},[20,45761,2127],{},[51,45763,45765],{"className":53,"code":45764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45766,45767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45768,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45770,21517],{"class":66},[60,45772,71],{"class":70},[60,45774,45162],{"class":1683},[60,45776,124],{"class":74},[60,45778,42347],{"class":139},[60,45780,124],{"class":74},[60,45782,79],{"class":78},[60,45784,45066],{"class":82},[60,45786,79],{"class":78},[60,45788,1691],{"class":74},[20,45790,8184,45791,1481,45794,117],{},[15,45792,45793],{},"ten",[15,45795,40588],{},[20,45797,45798,45799,117],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[30,45800,45802],{"href":45801},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[337,45804,45806],{"id":45805},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45808,45809],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[51,45811,45813],{"className":53,"code":45812,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45814,45815,45833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45816,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45818,7788],{"class":66},[60,45820,71],{"class":70},[60,45822,8155],{"class":139},[60,45824,124],{"class":74},[60,45826,79],{"class":78},[60,45828,44772],{"class":82},[60,45830,79],{"class":78},[60,45832,133],{"class":74},[60,45834,45835,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45836,140],{"class":139},[60,45838,124],{"class":74},[60,45840,41664],{"class":139},[60,45842,124],{"class":74},[60,45844,7580],{"class":120},[60,45846,1691],{"class":74},[20,45848,45849],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45851,45852,45853,258],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45854,45855],{},".strip()",[51,45857,45859],{"className":53,"code":45858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45860,45861,45883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45862,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45864,7788],{"class":66},[60,45866,71],{"class":70},[60,45868,8155],{"class":139},[60,45870,124],{"class":74},[60,45872,79],{"class":78},[60,45874,44772],{"class":82},[60,45876,79],{"class":78},[60,45878,8543],{"class":74},[60,45880,8546],{"class":120},[60,45882,8555],{"class":74},[60,45884,45885,45887,45889,45891],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45886,140],{"class":139},[60,45888,124],{"class":74},[60,45890,7580],{"class":120},[60,45892,133],{"class":74},[44802,45894],{},[46,45896,45898],{"id":45897},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45900,45901,45902,45904],{},"These habits make ",[15,45903,2873],{}," easier and safer to use.",[260,45906,45907,45910,45915,45918],{},[263,45908,45909],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[263,45911,243,45912,45914],{},[15,45913,45855],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[263,45916,45917],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[263,45919,243,45920,45922],{},[15,45921,29667],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45924,45925,45926,258],{},"Example with ",[15,45927,45855],{},[51,45929,45931],{"className":53,"code":45930,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45932,45933,45957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45934,45935,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45949,45951,45953,45955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45936,45937],{"class":66},"city ",[60,45939,71],{"class":70},[60,45941,8155],{"class":139},[60,45943,124],{"class":74},[60,45945,79],{"class":78},[60,45947,45948],{"class":82},"Enter your city: ",[60,45950,79],{"class":78},[60,45952,8543],{"class":74},[60,45954,8546],{"class":120},[60,45956,8555],{"class":74},[60,45958,45959,45961,45963,45965,45968,45970,45972,45974],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45960,140],{"class":139},[60,45962,124],{"class":74},[60,45964,79],{"class":78},[60,45966,45967],{"class":82},"City:",[60,45969,79],{"class":78},[60,45971,88],{"class":74},[60,45973,31270],{"class":120},[60,45975,133],{"class":74},[20,45977,45925,45978,258],{},[15,45979,29667],{},[51,45981,45983],{"className":53,"code":45982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45984,45985,45991,46014,46046,46054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45986,45987,45989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45988,29689],{"class":1153},[60,45990,1168],{"class":74},[60,45992,45993,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45994,45995],{"class":66},"    age ",[60,45997,71],{"class":70},[60,45999,45162],{"class":1683},[60,46001,124],{"class":74},[60,46003,42347],{"class":139},[60,46005,124],{"class":74},[60,46007,79],{"class":78},[60,46009,45066],{"class":82},[60,46011,79],{"class":78},[60,46013,1691],{"class":74},[60,46015,46016,46018,46020,46022,46025,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035,46037,46039,46042,46044],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46017,7981],{"class":139},[60,46019,124],{"class":74},[60,46021,79],{"class":78},[60,46023,46024],{"class":82},"You will be",[60,46026,79],{"class":78},[60,46028,88],{"class":74},[60,46030,45344],{"class":120},[60,46032,1979],{"class":70},[60,46034,5408],{"class":357},[60,46036,88],{"class":74},[60,46038,91],{"class":78},[60,46040,46041],{"class":82},"next year",[60,46043,79],{"class":78},[60,46045,133],{"class":74},[60,46047,46048,46050,46052],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,46049,29720],{"class":1153},[60,46051,41811],{"class":1683},[60,46053,1168],{"class":74},[60,46055,46056,46058,46060,46062,46065,46067],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,46057,7981],{"class":139},[60,46059,124],{"class":74},[60,46061,79],{"class":78},[60,46063,46064],{"class":82},"Please enter a whole number.",[60,46066,79],{"class":78},[60,46068,133],{"class":74},[20,46070,46071],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46073,46074,46075,117],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[30,46076,46078],{"href":46077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44802,46080],{},[46,46082,1245],{"id":1244},[20,46084,46085,46086,258],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46087,2873],{},[260,46089,46090,46097,46100,46103],{},[263,46091,46092,46093,288,46095],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46094,2793],{},[15,46096,2799],{},[263,46098,46099],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[263,46101,46102],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[263,46104,46105],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46107,31968],{},[51,46109,46111],{"className":53,"code":46110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46112,46113,46123,46137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46114,46115,46117,46119,46121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46116,140],{"class":139},[60,46118,124],{"class":74},[60,46120,315],{"class":120},[60,46122,133],{"class":74},[60,46124,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46126,140],{"class":139},[60,46128,124],{"class":74},[60,46130,1684],{"class":1683},[60,46132,124],{"class":74},[60,46134,315],{"class":120},[60,46136,1691],{"class":74},[60,46138,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46140,140],{"class":139},[60,46142,124],{"class":74},[60,46144,41664],{"class":139},[60,46146,124],{"class":74},[60,46148,315],{"class":120},[60,46150,1691],{"class":74},[20,46152,46153,46154,46156],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46155,2873],{}," actually returned:",[260,46158,46159,46164,46169],{},[263,46160,46161,46163],{},[15,46162,41712],{}," shows the value",[263,46165,46166,46168],{},[15,46167,41718],{}," shows the data type",[263,46170,46171,46173],{},[15,46172,41723],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46175,2127],{},[51,46177,46179],{"className":53,"code":46178,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46180,46181,46200,46210,46224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46182,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46196,46198],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46184,1700],{"class":66},[60,46186,71],{"class":70},[60,46188,8155],{"class":139},[60,46190,124],{"class":74},[60,46192,79],{"class":78},[60,46194,46195],{"class":82},"Enter something: ",[60,46197,79],{"class":78},[60,46199,133],{"class":74},[60,46201,46202,46204,46206,46208],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46203,140],{"class":139},[60,46205,124],{"class":74},[60,46207,315],{"class":120},[60,46209,133],{"class":74},[60,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46213,140],{"class":139},[60,46215,124],{"class":74},[60,46217,1684],{"class":1683},[60,46219,124],{"class":74},[60,46221,315],{"class":120},[60,46223,1691],{"class":74},[60,46225,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,46227,140],{"class":139},[60,46229,124],{"class":74},[60,46231,41664],{"class":139},[60,46233,124],{"class":74},[60,46235,315],{"class":120},[60,46237,1691],{"class":74},[44802,46239],{},[46,46241,1746],{"id":1745},[337,46243,12599,46245,46247],{"id":46244},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46246,2873],{}," return an integer?",[20,46249,1801,46250,46252,46253,39814],{},[15,46251,2873],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46254,2793],{},[337,46256,46258,46259,1779],{"id":46257},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46260,2873],{},[20,46262,46263,46264,46266],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46265,2873],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[337,46268,5067,46270,46273,46274,1779],{"id":46269},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46271,46272],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46275,2873],{},[20,46277,28946,46278,46280,46281,1324,46283,46285],{},[15,46279,2873],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46282,45592],{},[15,46284,45596],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[337,46287,46289],{"id":46288},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46291,243,46292,46294,46295,117],{},[15,46293,45855],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46296,46297],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44802,46299],{},[46,46301,1808],{"id":1807},[260,46303,46304,46309,46313,46319,46325,46329],{},[263,46305,46306],{},[30,46307,46308],{"href":46077},"How to get user input in Python",[263,46310,46311],{},[30,46312,8967],{"href":8889},[263,46314,46315],{},[30,46316,3491,46317,3424],{"href":2790},[15,46318,2793],{},[263,46320,46321],{},[30,46322,3491,46323,3424],{"href":2796},[15,46324,2799],{},[263,46326,46327],{},[30,46328,45802],{"href":45801},[263,46330,46331],{},[30,46332,3491,46334,3424],{"href":46333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46335,46336],{},"print()",[1841,46338,46339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":46341},[46342,46343,46345,46346,46348,46354,46362,46363,46364,46373],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":44806,"depth":111,"text":46344},"What input() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":45035,"depth":111,"text":46347},"What input() returns",{"id":45238,"depth":111,"text":45239,"children":46349},[46350,46351,46353],{"id":45242,"depth":136,"text":45243},{"id":45295,"depth":136,"text":46352},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45366,"depth":136,"text":45367},{"id":45601,"depth":111,"text":45602,"children":46355},[46356,46358,46359,46361],{"id":45610,"depth":136,"text":46357},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45678,"depth":136,"text":45679},{"id":45753,"depth":136,"text":46360},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45805,"depth":136,"text":45806},{"id":45897,"depth":111,"text":45898},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":46365},[46366,46368,46370,46372],{"id":46244,"depth":136,"text":46367},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46257,"depth":136,"text":46369},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46269,"depth":136,"text":46371},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46288,"depth":136,"text":46289},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42078,"description":46374},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46381,"title":41981,"body":46382,"description":48695,"extension":1883,"meta":48696,"navigation":152,"path":48697,"seo":48698,"stem":48699,"__hash__":48700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46383,"toc":48647},[46384,46389,46394,46399,46420,46423,46425,46485,46487,46506,46511,46516,46521,46523,46536,46538,46621,46623,46664,46670,46672,46702,46708,46711,46728,46730,46782,46784,46802,46808,46814,46817,46835,46837,46910,46912,46931,46938,46944,46949,46952,47012,47014,47033,47036,47039,47054,47060,47064,47125,47127,47148,47152,47281,47283,47413,47423,47429,47435,47443,47509,47511,47536,47539,47556,47569,47575,47578,47611,47613,47626,47629,47672,47674,47682,47689,47693,47700,47704,47731,47733,47741,47747,47764,47769,47773,47800,47802,47810,47814,47819,47822,47848,47851,47860,47868,47872,47882,47886,47889,47891,47942,47944,47974,47984,48011,48013,48021,48031,48035,48038,48040,48088,48090,48134,48140,48191,48193,48212,48217,48222,48225,48244,48247,48299,48301,48310,48312,48316,48320,48323,48332,48339,48341,48368,48372,48374,48383,48386,48393,48399,48459,48463,48465,48473,48476,48502,48508,48511,48531,48533,48542,48550,48552,48558,48563,48570,48580,48586,48594,48598,48601,48603,48644],[10,46385,3491,46387,3495],{"id":46386},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46388,2793],{},[20,46390,32202,46391,46393],{},[15,46392,2793],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46395,35291,46396,46398],{},[15,46397,2793],{}," when they want to:",[260,46400,46401,46411,46414,46417],{},[263,46402,46403,46404,46407,46408],{},"turn text like ",[15,46405,46406],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46409,46410],{},"42",[263,46412,46413],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[263,46415,46416],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[263,46418,46419],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46421,46422],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[46,46424,49],{"id":48},[51,46426,46428],{"className":53,"code":46427,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46429,46430,46448,46462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46431,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46433,140],{"class":139},[60,46435,124],{"class":74},[60,46437,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46439,124],{"class":74},[60,46441,79],{"class":78},[60,46443,46410],{"class":82},[60,46445,79],{"class":78},[60,46447,1691],{"class":74},[60,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46451,140],{"class":139},[60,46453,124],{"class":74},[60,46455,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46457,124],{"class":74},[60,46459,41869],{"class":357},[60,46461,1691],{"class":74},[60,46463,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472,46474,46477,46479,46481,46483],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46465,140],{"class":139},[60,46467,124],{"class":74},[60,46469,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46471,124],{"class":74},[60,46473,79],{"class":78},[60,46475,46476],{"class":82},"101",[60,46478,79],{"class":78},[60,46480,88],{"class":74},[60,46482,363],{"class":357},[60,46484,1691],{"class":74},[20,46486,404],{},[51,46488,46490],{"className":53,"code":46489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46491,46492,46497,46502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46493,46494],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46495,46496],{"class":357},"42\n",[60,46498,46499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46500,46501],{"class":357},"3\n",[60,46503,46504],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46505,2862],{"class":357},[20,46507,243,46508,46510],{},[15,46509,2793],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[46,46512,250,46514,253],{"id":46513},"what-int-does",[15,46515,2793],{},[20,46517,46518,46520],{},[15,46519,2793],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46522,12946],{},[260,46524,46525,46530,46533],{},[263,46526,46527,46528,7251],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46529,2108],{},[263,46531,46532],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[263,46534,46535],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46537,2127],{},[51,46539,46541],{"className":53,"code":46540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46542,46543,46555,46569,46573,46583,46593,46607],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46544,46545,46547,46549,46551,46553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46546,34573],{"class":66},[60,46548,71],{"class":70},[60,46550,91],{"class":78},[60,46552,9102],{"class":82},[60,46554,3273],{"class":78},[60,46556,46557,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46558,2137],{"class":66},[60,46560,71],{"class":70},[60,46562,45162],{"class":1683},[60,46564,124],{"class":74},[60,46566,34594],{"class":120},[60,46568,133],{"class":74},[60,46570,46571],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46572,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,46574,46575,46577,46579,46581],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,46576,140],{"class":139},[60,46578,124],{"class":74},[60,46580,34594],{"class":120},[60,46582,133],{"class":74},[60,46584,46585,46587,46589,46591],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,46586,140],{"class":139},[60,46588,124],{"class":74},[60,46590,2159],{"class":120},[60,46592,133],{"class":74},[60,46594,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,46596,140],{"class":139},[60,46598,124],{"class":74},[60,46600,1684],{"class":1683},[60,46602,124],{"class":74},[60,46604,34594],{"class":120},[60,46606,1691],{"class":74},[60,46608,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,46610,140],{"class":139},[60,46612,124],{"class":74},[60,46614,1684],{"class":1683},[60,46616,124],{"class":74},[60,46618,2159],{"class":120},[60,46620,1691],{"class":74},[20,46622,404],{},[51,46624,46626],{"className":53,"code":46625,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46627,46628,46632,46636,46650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46629,46630],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46631,2626],{"class":357},[60,46633,46634],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46635,2626],{"class":357},[60,46637,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46639,3205],{"class":70},[60,46641,3208],{"class":1984},[60,46643,214],{"class":78},[60,46645,3358],{"class":82},[60,46647,205],{"class":78},[60,46649,3217],{"class":70},[60,46651,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,46653,3205],{"class":70},[60,46655,3208],{"class":1984},[60,46657,214],{"class":78},[60,46659,2108],{"class":82},[60,46661,205],{"class":78},[60,46663,3217],{"class":70},[20,46665,46666,46667,46669],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46668,2793],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[46,46671,296],{"id":295},[51,46673,46675],{"className":53,"code":46674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46676,46677,46687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46678,46679,46681,46683,46685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46680,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46682,124],{"class":74},[60,46684,2093],{"class":120},[60,46686,133],{"class":74},[60,46688,46689,46691,46693,46695,46697,46700],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46690,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46692,124],{"class":74},[60,46694,2093],{"class":120},[60,46696,88],{"class":74},[60,46698,46699],{"class":120}," base",[60,46701,133],{"class":74},[337,46703,46705],{"id":46704},"intx",[15,46706,46707],{},"int(x)",[20,46709,46710],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[260,46712,46713,46718,46723],{},[263,46714,46715,46716],{},"a string such as ",[15,46717,42011],{},[263,46719,46720,46721],{},"a float such as ",[15,46722,41869],{},[263,46724,46725,46726],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46727,3520],{},[20,46729,2127],{},[51,46731,46733],{"className":53,"code":46732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46734,46735,46753,46768],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46736,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46738,140],{"class":139},[60,46740,124],{"class":74},[60,46742,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46744,124],{"class":74},[60,46746,79],{"class":78},[60,46748,2250],{"class":82},[60,46750,79],{"class":78},[60,46752,1691],{"class":74},[60,46754,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763,46766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46756,140],{"class":139},[60,46758,124],{"class":74},[60,46760,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46762,124],{"class":74},[60,46764,46765],{"class":357},"8.7",[60,46767,1691],{"class":74},[60,46769,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46771,140],{"class":139},[60,46773,124],{"class":74},[60,46775,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46777,124],{"class":74},[60,46779,3520],{"class":734},[60,46781,1691],{"class":74},[20,46783,404],{},[51,46785,46787],{"className":53,"code":46786,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46788,46789,46793,46797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46790,46791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46792,2296],{"class":357},[60,46794,46795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46796,2301],{"class":357},[60,46798,46799],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46800,46801],{"class":357},"1\n",[337,46803,46805],{"id":46804},"intx-base",[15,46806,46807],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46809,46810,46811,46813],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46812,2093],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46815,46816],{},"Common bases:",[260,46818,46819,46824,46829],{},[263,46820,46821,46823],{},[15,46822,1303],{}," for binary",[263,46825,46826,46828],{},[15,46827,2265],{}," for octal",[263,46830,46831,46834],{},[15,46832,46833],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46836,2127],{},[51,46838,46840],{"className":53,"code":46839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46841,46842,46864,46887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46843,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46845,140],{"class":139},[60,46847,124],{"class":74},[60,46849,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46851,124],{"class":74},[60,46853,79],{"class":78},[60,46855,46476],{"class":82},[60,46857,79],{"class":78},[60,46859,88],{"class":74},[60,46861,363],{"class":357},[60,46863,1691],{"class":74},[60,46865,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46879,46881,46883,46885],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46867,140],{"class":139},[60,46869,124],{"class":74},[60,46871,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46873,124],{"class":74},[60,46875,79],{"class":78},[60,46877,46878],{"class":82},"17",[60,46880,79],{"class":78},[60,46882,88],{"class":74},[60,46884,6271],{"class":357},[60,46886,1691],{"class":74},[60,46888,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46902,46904,46906,46908],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46890,140],{"class":139},[60,46892,124],{"class":74},[60,46894,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46896,124],{"class":74},[60,46898,79],{"class":78},[60,46900,46901],{"class":82},"1A",[60,46903,79],{"class":78},[60,46905,88],{"class":74},[60,46907,13879],{"class":357},[60,46909,1691],{"class":74},[20,46911,404],{},[51,46913,46915],{"className":53,"code":46914,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46916,46917,46921,46926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46918,46919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46920,2862],{"class":357},[60,46922,46923],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46924,46925],{"class":357},"15\n",[60,46927,46928],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46929,46930],{"class":357},"26\n",[20,46932,46933,46934,117],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[30,46935,46936,2222],{"href":2796},[15,46937,2799],{},[46,46939,8331,46941,46943],{"id":46940},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46942,2793],{}," with strings",[20,46945,46946,46948],{},[15,46947,2793],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46950,46951],{},"Examples that work:",[51,46953,46955],{"className":53,"code":46954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46956,46957,46975,46993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46958,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46960,140],{"class":139},[60,46962,124],{"class":74},[60,46964,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46966,124],{"class":74},[60,46968,79],{"class":78},[60,46970,2056],{"class":82},[60,46972,79],{"class":78},[60,46974,1691],{"class":74},[60,46976,46977,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46978,140],{"class":139},[60,46980,124],{"class":74},[60,46982,2108],{"class":1683},[60,46984,124],{"class":74},[60,46986,79],{"class":78},[60,46988,2211],{"class":82},[60,46990,79],{"class":78},[60,46992,1691],{"class":74},[60,46994,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47008,47010],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,46996,140],{"class":139},[60,46998,124],{"class":74},[60,47000,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47002,124],{"class":74},[60,47004,79],{"class":78},[60,47006,47007],{"class":82},"  42  ",[60,47009,79],{"class":78},[60,47011,1691],{"class":74},[20,47013,404],{},[51,47015,47017],{"className":53,"code":47016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47018,47019,47023,47029],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47020,47021],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47022,2862],{"class":357},[60,47024,47025,47027],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47026,1942],{"class":70},[60,47028,2145],{"class":357},[60,47030,47031],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47032,46496],{"class":357},[20,47034,47035],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47037,47038],{},"Examples that fail:",[51,47040,47042],{"className":53,"code":47041,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47043,47044,47049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47045,47046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47047,47048],{"class":177},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[60,47050,47051],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47052,47053],{"class":177},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47055,47056,47057,47059],{},"These raise ",[15,47058,40588],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[337,47061,47063],{"id":47062},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[51,47065,47067],{"className":53,"code":47066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47068,47069,47087,47106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47070,47071,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47072,140],{"class":139},[60,47074,124],{"class":74},[60,47076,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47078,124],{"class":74},[60,47080,79],{"class":78},[60,47082,2039],{"class":82},[60,47084,79],{"class":78},[60,47086,1691],{"class":74},[60,47088,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47102,47104],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47090,140],{"class":139},[60,47092,124],{"class":74},[60,47094,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47096,124],{"class":74},[60,47098,79],{"class":78},[60,47100,47101],{"class":82},"+7",[60,47103,79],{"class":78},[60,47105,1691],{"class":74},[60,47107,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47121,47123],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47109,140],{"class":139},[60,47111,124],{"class":74},[60,47113,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47115,124],{"class":74},[60,47117,79],{"class":78},[60,47119,47120],{"class":82},"-100",[60,47122,79],{"class":78},[60,47124,1691],{"class":74},[20,47126,404],{},[51,47128,47130],{"className":53,"code":47129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47131,47132,47137,47141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47133,47134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47135,47136],{"class":357},"0\n",[60,47138,47139],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47140,1999],{"class":357},[60,47142,47143,47145],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47144,1942],{"class":70},[60,47146,47147],{"class":357},"100\n",[337,47149,47151],{"id":47150},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[51,47153,47155],{"className":53,"code":47154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47156,47157,47195,47199,47211,47218,47233,47248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47158,47159,47161,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47191,47193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47160,3736],{"class":66},[60,47162,71],{"class":70},[60,47164,1512],{"class":74},[60,47166,79],{"class":78},[60,47168,40028],{"class":82},[60,47170,79],{"class":78},[60,47172,88],{"class":74},[60,47174,91],{"class":78},[60,47176,47177],{"class":82},"12abc",[60,47179,79],{"class":78},[60,47181,88],{"class":74},[60,47183,6038],{"class":78},[60,47185,88],{"class":74},[60,47187,91],{"class":78},[60,47189,47190],{"class":82},"seven",[60,47192,79],{"class":78},[60,47194,1525],{"class":74},[60,47196,47197],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47198,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,47200,47201,47203,47205,47207,47209],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47202,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47204,21473],{"class":66},[60,47206,1703],{"class":1153},[60,47208,3798],{"class":66},[60,47210,1168],{"class":74},[60,47212,47213,47216],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47214,47215],{"class":1153},"    try",[60,47217,1168],{"class":74},[60,47219,47220,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,47221,47222],{"class":139},"        print",[60,47224,124],{"class":74},[60,47226,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47228,124],{"class":74},[60,47230,315],{"class":120},[60,47232,1691],{"class":74},[60,47234,47235,47238,47240,47243,47246],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,47236,47237],{"class":1153},"    except",[60,47239,41811],{"class":1683},[60,47241,47242],{"class":1153}," as",[60,47244,47245],{"class":66}," error",[60,47247,1168],{"class":74},[60,47249,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47265,47267,47270,47272,47275,47277,47279],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,47251,47222],{"class":139},[60,47253,124],{"class":74},[60,47255,22182],{"class":1984},[60,47257,79],{"class":82},[60,47259,202],{"class":357},[60,47261,315],{"class":120},[60,47263,47264],{"class":1984},"!r",[60,47266,22191],{"class":357},[60,47268,47269],{"class":82}," -> ",[60,47271,202],{"class":357},[60,47273,47274],{"class":120},"error",[60,47276,22191],{"class":357},[60,47278,79],{"class":82},[60,47280,133],{"class":74},[20,47282,404],{},[51,47284,47286],{"className":53,"code":47285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47287,47288,47324,47356,47381],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47289,47290,47292,47294,47296,47299,47302,47304,47306,47308,47311,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47291,205],{"class":43213},[60,47293,40028],{"class":43217},[60,47295,205],{"class":43213},[60,47297,47298],{"class":37250}," ->",[60,47300,47301],{"class":66}," invalid literal ",[60,47303,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47305,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47307,7277],{"class":74},[60,47309,47310],{"class":1153}," with",[60,47312,47313],{"class":66}," base ",[60,47315,2250],{"class":357},[60,47317,258],{"class":74},[60,47319,214],{"class":78},[60,47321,40028],{"class":82},[60,47323,29585],{"class":78},[60,47325,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47327,205],{"class":78},[60,47329,47177],{"class":82},[60,47331,205],{"class":78},[60,47333,47298],{"class":37250},[60,47335,47301],{"class":66},[60,47337,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47339,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47341,7277],{"class":74},[60,47343,47310],{"class":1153},[60,47345,47313],{"class":66},[60,47347,2250],{"class":357},[60,47349,258],{"class":74},[60,47351,214],{"class":78},[60,47353,47177],{"class":82},[60,47355,29585],{"class":78},[60,47357,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47359,3687],{"class":78},[60,47361,47298],{"class":37250},[60,47363,47301],{"class":66},[60,47365,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47367,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47369,7277],{"class":74},[60,47371,47310],{"class":1153},[60,47373,47313],{"class":66},[60,47375,2250],{"class":357},[60,47377,258],{"class":74},[60,47379,47380],{"class":78}," ''\n",[60,47382,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47384,205],{"class":78},[60,47386,47190],{"class":82},[60,47388,205],{"class":78},[60,47390,47298],{"class":37250},[60,47392,47301],{"class":66},[60,47394,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47396,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47398,7277],{"class":74},[60,47400,47310],{"class":1153},[60,47402,47313],{"class":66},[60,47404,2250],{"class":357},[60,47406,258],{"class":74},[60,47408,214],{"class":78},[60,47410,47190],{"class":82},[60,47412,29585],{"class":78},[20,47414,47415,47416,47418,47419,117],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[30,47417,8890],{"href":8889}," and the ",[30,47420,47421,2222],{"href":8132},[15,47422,2873],{},[46,47424,8331,47426,47428],{"id":47425},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47427,2793],{}," with floats",[20,47430,47431,47432,47434],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47433,2793],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47436,47437,47438,39,47440,47442],{},"Important: ",[15,47439,2793],{},[41,47441,43],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[51,47444,47446],{"className":53,"code":47445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47447,47448,47462,47477,47493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47449,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47451,140],{"class":139},[60,47453,124],{"class":74},[60,47455,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47457,124],{"class":74},[60,47459,41869],{"class":357},[60,47461,1691],{"class":74},[60,47463,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47475],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47465,140],{"class":139},[60,47467,124],{"class":74},[60,47469,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47471,124],{"class":74},[60,47473,47474],{"class":357},"3.1",[60,47476,1691],{"class":74},[60,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47480,140],{"class":139},[60,47482,124],{"class":74},[60,47484,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47486,124],{"class":74},[60,47488,1942],{"class":70},[60,47490,41869],{"class":357},[60,47492,1691],{"class":74},[60,47494,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47496,140],{"class":139},[60,47498,124],{"class":74},[60,47500,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47502,124],{"class":74},[60,47504,1942],{"class":70},[60,47506,47474],{"class":357},[60,47508,1691],{"class":74},[20,47510,404],{},[51,47512,47514],{"className":53,"code":47513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47515,47516,47520,47524,47530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47517,47518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47519,46501],{"class":357},[60,47521,47522],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47523,46501],{"class":357},[60,47525,47526,47528],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47527,1942],{"class":70},[60,47529,46501],{"class":357},[60,47531,47532,47534],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47533,1942],{"class":70},[60,47535,46501],{"class":357},[20,47537,47538],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[260,47540,47541,47548],{},[263,47542,47543,1324,47546],{},[15,47544,47545],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47547,389],{},[263,47549,47550,1324,47553],{},[15,47551,47552],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47554,47555],{},"-3",[20,47557,47558,47559,47563,47564,117],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[30,47560,47561],{"href":2796},[15,47562,2799],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[30,47565,47566],{"href":42059},[15,47567,47568],{},"str()",[46,47570,8331,47572,47574],{"id":47571},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47573,2793],{}," with booleans",[20,47576,47577],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[51,47579,47581],{"className":53,"code":47580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47582,47583,47597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47584,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47586,140],{"class":139},[60,47588,124],{"class":74},[60,47590,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47592,124],{"class":74},[60,47594,3520],{"class":734},[60,47596,1691],{"class":74},[60,47598,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47600,140],{"class":139},[60,47602,124],{"class":74},[60,47604,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47606,124],{"class":74},[60,47608,3588],{"class":734},[60,47610,1691],{"class":74},[20,47612,404],{},[51,47614,47616],{"className":53,"code":47615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n0\n",[15,47617,47618,47622],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47619,47620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47621,46801],{"class":357},[60,47623,47624],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47625,47136],{"class":357},[20,47627,47628],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[51,47630,47632],{"className":53,"code":47631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47633,47634,47643,47658,47662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47635,47636,47639,47641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47637,47638],{"class":66},"passed ",[60,47640,71],{"class":70},[60,47642,6333],{"class":734},[60,47644,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653,47656],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47646,41067],{"class":66},[60,47648,71],{"class":70},[60,47650,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47652,124],{"class":74},[60,47654,47655],{"class":120},"passed",[60,47657,133],{"class":74},[60,47659,47660],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47661,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,47663,47664,47666,47668,47670],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47665,140],{"class":139},[60,47667,124],{"class":74},[60,47669,41096],{"class":120},[60,47671,133],{"class":74},[20,47673,404],{},[51,47675,47676],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47677,47678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47679,47680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47681,46801],{"class":357},[20,47683,47684,47685,117],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[30,47686,47687,2222],{"href":5691},[15,47688,3726],{},[46,47690,47692],{"id":47691},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47694,47695,47696,47699],{},"Use the ",[15,47697,47698],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[337,47701,47703],{"id":47702},"binary-example","Binary example",[51,47705,47707],{"className":53,"code":47706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47708,47709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47710,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47712,140],{"class":139},[60,47714,124],{"class":74},[60,47716,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47718,124],{"class":74},[60,47720,79],{"class":78},[60,47722,46476],{"class":82},[60,47724,79],{"class":78},[60,47726,88],{"class":74},[60,47728,363],{"class":357},[60,47730,1691],{"class":74},[20,47732,404],{},[51,47734,47735],{"className":53,"code":2862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47736,47737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47738,47739],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47740,2862],{"class":357},[20,47742,47743,47746],{},[15,47744,47745],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[260,47748,47749,47754,47759],{},[263,47750,47751],{},[15,47752,47753],{},"1 × 4",[263,47755,47756],{},[15,47757,47758],{},"0 × 2",[263,47760,47761],{},[15,47762,47763],{},"1 × 1",[20,47765,47766,47767,117],{},"So the result is ",[15,47768,2056],{},[337,47770,47772],{"id":47771},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[51,47774,47776],{"className":53,"code":47775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47777,47778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47779,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47781,140],{"class":139},[60,47783,124],{"class":74},[60,47785,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47787,124],{"class":74},[60,47789,79],{"class":78},[60,47791,46901],{"class":82},[60,47793,79],{"class":78},[60,47795,88],{"class":74},[60,47797,13879],{"class":357},[60,47799,1691],{"class":74},[20,47801,404],{},[51,47803,47804],{"className":53,"code":46930,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47805,47806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47807,47808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47809,46930],{"class":357},[337,47811,47813],{"id":47812},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47815,1900,47816,47818],{},[15,47817,47698],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47820,47821],{},"Good:",[51,47823,47824],{"className":53,"code":47706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,47825,47826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47827,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47829,140],{"class":139},[60,47831,124],{"class":74},[60,47833,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47835,124],{"class":74},[60,47837,79],{"class":78},[60,47839,46476],{"class":82},[60,47841,79],{"class":78},[60,47843,88],{"class":74},[60,47845,363],{"class":357},[60,47847,1691],{"class":74},[20,47849,47850],{},"Not correct:",[51,47852,47854],{"className":53,"code":47853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47855,47856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47857,47858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47859,47853],{"class":177},[20,47861,47862,47863,1327,47865,47867],{},"That causes a ",[15,47864,2919],{},[15,47866,47698],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[46,47869,47871],{"id":47870},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47873,47874,47875,47877,47878,1776,47880,117],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47876,2793],{}," are ",[15,47879,40588],{},[15,47881,2919],{},[337,47883,47884],{"id":41398},[15,47885,40588],{},[20,47887,47888],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47890,2127],{},[51,47892,47894],{"className":53,"code":47893,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47895,47896,47902,47920,47932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47897,47898,47900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47899,29689],{"class":1153},[60,47901,1168],{"class":74},[60,47903,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47905,7981],{"class":139},[60,47907,124],{"class":74},[60,47909,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47911,124],{"class":74},[60,47913,79],{"class":78},[60,47915,40028],{"class":82},[60,47917,79],{"class":78},[60,47919,1691],{"class":74},[60,47921,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,47923,29720],{"class":1153},[60,47925,41811],{"class":1683},[60,47927,47242],{"class":1153},[60,47929,47245],{"class":66},[60,47931,1168],{"class":74},[60,47933,47934,47936,47938,47940],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,47935,7981],{"class":139},[60,47937,124],{"class":74},[60,47939,47274],{"class":120},[60,47941,133],{"class":74},[20,47943,404],{},[51,47945,47947],{"className":53,"code":47946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47948,47949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47950,47951,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968,47970,47972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47952,47953],{"class":66},"invalid literal ",[60,47955,5869],{"class":1153},[60,47957,45162],{"class":1683},[60,47959,7277],{"class":74},[60,47961,47310],{"class":1153},[60,47963,47313],{"class":66},[60,47965,2250],{"class":357},[60,47967,258],{"class":74},[60,47969,214],{"class":78},[60,47971,40028],{"class":82},[60,47973,29585],{"class":78},[20,47975,47976,47977,47980,47981,47983],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47978,47979],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47982,2793],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[51,47985,47987],{"className":53,"code":47986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47988,47989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47990,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47992,140],{"class":139},[60,47994,124],{"class":74},[60,47996,2108],{"class":1683},[60,47998,124],{"class":74},[60,48000,2111],{"class":1683},[60,48002,124],{"class":74},[60,48004,79],{"class":78},[60,48006,40028],{"class":82},[60,48008,79],{"class":78},[60,48010,2827],{"class":74},[20,48012,404],{},[51,48014,48015],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48016,48017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48018,48019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48020,46501],{"class":357},[20,48022,48023,48024,1776,48027,117],{},"If you see this often, read ",[30,48025,48026],{"href":2877},"how to convert string to int in Python",[30,48028,25565,48029],{"href":45801},[15,48030,45802],{},[337,48032,48033],{"id":41464},[15,48034,2919],{},[20,48036,48037],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48039,2127],{},[51,48041,48043],{"className":53,"code":48042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48044,48045,48051,48065,48078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48046,48047,48049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48048,29689],{"class":1153},[60,48050,1168],{"class":74},[60,48052,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48054,7981],{"class":139},[60,48056,124],{"class":74},[60,48058,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48060,124],{"class":74},[60,48062,277],{"class":734},[60,48064,1691],{"class":74},[60,48066,48067,48069,48072,48074,48076],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48068,29720],{"class":1153},[60,48070,48071],{"class":1683}," TypeError",[60,48073,47242],{"class":1153},[60,48075,47245],{"class":66},[60,48077,1168],{"class":74},[60,48079,48080,48082,48084,48086],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,48081,7981],{"class":139},[60,48083,124],{"class":74},[60,48085,47274],{"class":120},[60,48087,133],{"class":74},[20,48089,404],{},[51,48091,48093],{"className":53,"code":48092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48096,48097,48099,48101,48104,48106,48108,48111,48113,48116,48118,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48098,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48100,7277],{"class":74},[60,48102,48103],{"class":66}," argument must be a string",[60,48105,88],{"class":74},[60,48107,44430],{"class":66},[60,48109,48110],{"class":1683},"bytes",[60,48112,1942],{"class":70},[60,48114,48115],{"class":66},"like ",[60,48117,42283],{"class":1683},[60,48119,48120],{"class":70}," or",[60,48122,40724],{"class":66},[60,48124,88],{"class":74},[60,48126,8012],{"class":70},[60,48128,214],{"class":78},[60,48130,48131],{"class":82},"NoneType",[60,48133,29585],{"class":78},[20,48135,48136,48137,48139],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48138,47698],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[51,48141,48143],{"className":53,"code":48142,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48144,48145,48151,48169,48181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48146,48147,48149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48148,29689],{"class":1153},[60,48150,1168],{"class":74},[60,48152,48153,48155,48157,48159,48161,48163,48165,48167],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48154,7981],{"class":139},[60,48156,124],{"class":74},[60,48158,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48160,124],{"class":74},[60,48162,46476],{"class":357},[60,48164,88],{"class":74},[60,48166,363],{"class":357},[60,48168,1691],{"class":74},[60,48170,48171,48173,48175,48177,48179],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48172,29720],{"class":1153},[60,48174,48071],{"class":1683},[60,48176,47242],{"class":1153},[60,48178,47245],{"class":66},[60,48180,1168],{"class":74},[60,48182,48183,48185,48187,48189],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,48184,7981],{"class":139},[60,48186,124],{"class":74},[60,48188,47274],{"class":120},[60,48190,133],{"class":74},[20,48192,404],{},[51,48194,48196],{"className":53,"code":48195,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48197,48198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48199,48200,48202,48204,48207,48209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48201,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48203,7277],{"class":74},[60,48205,48206],{"class":66}," can",[60,48208,205],{"class":78},[60,48210,48211],{"class":82},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[46,48213,1220,48215],{"id":48214},"when-to-use-int",[15,48216,2793],{},[20,48218,243,48219,48221],{},[15,48220,2793],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48223,48224],{},"Common uses:",[260,48226,48227,48233,48236,48239],{},[263,48228,48229,48230,48232],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48231,2873],{}," into integers",[263,48234,48235],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[263,48237,48238],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[263,48240,48241,48242,36499],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48243,47698],{},[20,48245,48246],{},"Example with user input:",[51,48248,48250],{"className":53,"code":48249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48251,48252,48266,48281,48285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48253,48254,48257,48259,48261,48264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48255,48256],{"class":66},"age_text ",[60,48258,71],{"class":70},[60,48260,91],{"class":78},[60,48262,48263],{"class":82},"18",[60,48265,3273],{"class":78},[60,48267,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276,48279],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48269,21517],{"class":66},[60,48271,71],{"class":70},[60,48273,45162],{"class":1683},[60,48275,124],{"class":74},[60,48277,48278],{"class":120},"age_text",[60,48280,133],{"class":74},[60,48282,48283],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48284,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,48286,48287,48289,48291,48293,48295,48297],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,48288,140],{"class":139},[60,48290,124],{"class":74},[60,48292,21517],{"class":120},[60,48294,1979],{"class":70},[60,48296,5408],{"class":357},[60,48298,133],{"class":74},[20,48300,404],{},[51,48302,48304],{"className":53,"code":48303,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19\n",[15,48305,48306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48307,48308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48309,48303],{"class":357},[46,48311,1245],{"id":1244},[20,48313,14624,48314,117],{},[15,48315,2793],{},[337,48317,48319],{"id":48318},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48321,48322],{},"This fails:",[51,48324,48326],{"className":53,"code":48325,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48327,48328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48329,48330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48331,48325],{"class":177},[20,48333,48334,48335,48338],{},"Why: ",[15,48336,48337],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48340,1334],{},[51,48342,48344],{"className":53,"code":48343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48345,48346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48347,48348,48350,48352,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48364,48366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48349,140],{"class":139},[60,48351,124],{"class":74},[60,48353,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48355,124],{"class":74},[60,48357,2111],{"class":1683},[60,48359,124],{"class":74},[60,48361,79],{"class":78},[60,48363,41008],{"class":82},[60,48365,79],{"class":78},[60,48367,2827],{"class":74},[337,48369,48371],{"id":48370},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48373,48322],{},[51,48375,48377],{"className":53,"code":48376,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48378,48379],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48380,48381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48382,48376],{"class":177},[20,48384,48385],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[337,48387,48389,48390],{"id":48388},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48391,48392],{},"int(None)",[20,48394,48395,48396,48398],{},"This fails because ",[15,48397,277],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[51,48400,48402],{"className":53,"code":48401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48403,48404,48413,48417,48423,48437,48449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48405,48406,48408,48410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48407,1700],{"class":66},[60,48409,71],{"class":70},[60,48411,48412],{"class":734}," None\n",[60,48414,48415],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48416,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,48418,48419,48421],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48420,29689],{"class":1153},[60,48422,1168],{"class":74},[60,48424,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433,48435],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,48426,7981],{"class":139},[60,48428,124],{"class":74},[60,48430,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48432,124],{"class":74},[60,48434,315],{"class":120},[60,48436,1691],{"class":74},[60,48438,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,48440,29720],{"class":1153},[60,48442,48071],{"class":1683},[60,48444,47242],{"class":1153},[60,48446,47245],{"class":66},[60,48448,1168],{"class":74},[60,48450,48451,48453,48455,48457],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,48452,7981],{"class":139},[60,48454,124],{"class":74},[60,48456,47274],{"class":120},[60,48458,133],{"class":74},[337,48460,48462],{"id":48461},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48464,48322],{},[51,48466,48467],{"className":53,"code":47853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48468,48469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48470,48471],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48472,47853],{"class":177},[20,48474,48475],{},"Use a string instead:",[51,48477,48478],{"className":53,"code":47706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48479,48480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48481,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48483,140],{"class":139},[60,48485,124],{"class":74},[60,48487,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48489,124],{"class":74},[60,48491,79],{"class":78},[60,48493,46476],{"class":82},[60,48495,79],{"class":78},[60,48497,88],{"class":74},[60,48499,363],{"class":357},[60,48501,1691],{"class":74},[337,48503,1254,48505,48507],{"id":48504},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48506,2793],{}," to round",[20,48509,48510],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[51,48512,48514],{"className":53,"code":48513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48515,48516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48517,48518,48520,48522,48524,48526,48529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48519,140],{"class":139},[60,48521,124],{"class":74},[60,48523,2108],{"class":1683},[60,48525,124],{"class":74},[60,48527,48528],{"class":357},"4.9",[60,48530,1691],{"class":74},[20,48532,404],{},[51,48534,48536],{"className":53,"code":48535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n",[15,48537,48538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48539,48540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48541,48535],{"class":357},[20,48543,3084,48544,48546,48547,48549],{},[15,48545,2056],{},", remember that ",[15,48548,2793],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[46,48551,1746],{"id":1745},[337,48553,12599,48555,48557],{"id":48554},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48556,2793],{}," round numbers?",[20,48559,1801,48560,48562],{},[15,48561,2793],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[337,48564,5067,48566,48569],{"id":48565},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48567,48568],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48571,28946,48572,48574,48575,48577,48578,39814],{},[15,48573,47979],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48576,2799],{}," first, then use ",[15,48579,2793],{},[337,48581,1760,48583,1763],{"id":48582},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48584,48585],{},"int(True)",[20,48587,1766,48588,28199,48590,1324,48592,117],{},[15,48589,358],{},[15,48591,3588],{},[15,48593,2039],{},[337,48595,48597],{"id":48596},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48599,48600],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[46,48602,1808],{"id":1807},[260,48604,48605,48611,48617,48623,48628,48632,48638],{},[263,48606,48607],{},[30,48608,48609,3424],{"href":2796},[15,48610,2799],{},[263,48612,48613],{},[30,48614,48615,3424],{"href":42059},[15,48616,47568],{},[263,48618,48619],{},[30,48620,48621,3424],{"href":5691},[15,48622,3726],{},[263,48624,48625],{},[30,48626,48627],{"href":2877},"How to convert string to int in Python",[263,48629,48630],{},[30,48631,8967],{"href":8889},[263,48633,48634],{},[30,48635,48636,3424],{"href":8132},[15,48637,2873],{},[263,48639,48640],{},[30,48641,30232,48642],{"href":45801},[15,48643,45802],{},[1841,48645,48646],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":48648},[48649,48650,48652,48656,48661,48663,48665,48670,48674,48676,48685,48694],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":46513,"depth":111,"text":48651},"What int() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":48653},[48654,48655],{"id":46704,"depth":136,"text":46707},{"id":46804,"depth":136,"text":46807},{"id":46940,"depth":111,"text":48657,"children":48658},"Using int() with strings",[48659,48660],{"id":47062,"depth":136,"text":47063},{"id":47150,"depth":136,"text":47151},{"id":47425,"depth":111,"text":48662},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47571,"depth":111,"text":48664},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47691,"depth":111,"text":47692,"children":48666},[48667,48668,48669],{"id":47702,"depth":136,"text":47703},{"id":47771,"depth":136,"text":47772},{"id":47812,"depth":136,"text":47813},{"id":47870,"depth":111,"text":47871,"children":48671},[48672,48673],{"id":41398,"depth":136,"text":40588},{"id":41464,"depth":136,"text":2919},{"id":48214,"depth":111,"text":48675},"When to use int()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":48677},[48678,48679,48680,48682,48683],{"id":48318,"depth":136,"text":48319},{"id":48370,"depth":136,"text":48371},{"id":48388,"depth":136,"text":48681},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48461,"depth":136,"text":48462},{"id":48504,"depth":136,"text":48684},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":48686},[48687,48689,48691,48693],{"id":48554,"depth":136,"text":48688},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48565,"depth":136,"text":48690},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48582,"depth":136,"text":48692},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48596,"depth":136,"text":48597},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41981,"description":48695},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48702,"title":48703,"body":48704,"description":50540,"extension":1883,"meta":50541,"navigation":152,"path":44688,"seo":50542,"stem":50543,"__hash__":50544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48705,"toc":50496},[48706,48711,48716,48724,48733,48735,48794,48800,48805,48810,48813,48841,48844,48847,48858,48868,48870,48872,48892,48896,48924,48926,48965,48967,48975,48977,48980,48984,49037,49039,49051,49055,49112,49114,49126,49132,49138,49142,49145,49148,49214,49216,49228,49234,49236,49288,49291,49332,49335,49342,49351,49357,49360,49393,49399,49402,49433,49439,49442,49454,49458,49463,49467,49625,49627,49642,49645,49649,49753,49755,49772,49776,49837,49839,49847,49850,49854,49921,49923,49932,49938,49940,49949,49951,49986,49991,49993,50023,50027,50029,50066,50069,50071,50108,50114,50116,50166,50168,50176,50186,50192,50196,50201,50250,50252,50265,50268,50270,50273,50348,50351,50370,50373,50403,50413,50415,50420,50427,50433,50439,50446,50454,50460,50463,50465,50493],[10,48707,3491,48709,3495],{"id":48708},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48710,44691],{},[20,48712,48713,48715],{},[15,48714,44691],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48717,48718,48719,288,48721,48723],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48720,3520],{},[15,48722,3588],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48725,48726,48727,48729,48730,48732],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48728,44691],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48731,2221],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[46,48734,3525],{"id":3524},[51,48736,48738],{"className":53,"code":48737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48739,48740,48748,48752,48773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48741,48742,48744,48746],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48743,1700],{"class":66},[60,48745,71],{"class":70},[60,48747,2504],{"class":357},[60,48749,48750],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48751,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,48753,48754,48756,48758,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48755,140],{"class":139},[60,48757,124],{"class":74},[60,48759,48760],{"class":139},"isinstance",[60,48762,124],{"class":74},[60,48764,315],{"class":120},[60,48766,88],{"class":74},[60,48768,45162],{"class":1683},[60,48770,5271],{"class":74},[60,48772,43740],{"class":177},[60,48774,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787,48790,48792],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,48776,140],{"class":139},[60,48778,124],{"class":74},[60,48780,48760],{"class":139},[60,48782,124],{"class":74},[60,48784,315],{"class":120},[60,48786,88],{"class":74},[60,48788,48789],{"class":1683}," str",[60,48791,5271],{"class":74},[60,48793,43757],{"class":177},[20,48795,243,48796,48799],{},[15,48797,48798],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[46,48801,250,48803,253],{"id":48802},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48804,44691],{},[20,48806,48807,48809],{},[15,48808,44691],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48811,48812],{},"It:",[260,48814,48815,48818,48824,48827],{},[263,48816,48817],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[263,48819,274,48820,288,48822],{},[15,48821,3520],{},[15,48823,3588],{},[263,48825,48826],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[263,48828,48829,48830,36,48832,36,48834,36,48836,16963,48839],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48831,3358],{},[15,48833,2108],{},[15,48835,8006],{},[15,48837,48838],{},"tuple",[15,48840,8733],{},[20,48842,48843],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48845,48846],{},"For example, you might want to:",[260,48848,48849,48852,48855],{},[263,48850,48851],{},"loop through a list",[263,48853,48854],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[263,48856,48857],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48859,48860,48861,288,48864,117],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[30,48862,44683],{"href":48863},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[30,48865,48867],{"href":48866},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[46,48869,296],{"id":295},[20,48871,2079],{},[51,48873,48875],{"className":53,"code":48874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48876,48877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48878,48879,48881,48883,48885,48887,48890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48880,48760],{"class":139},[60,48882,124],{"class":74},[60,48884,42283],{"class":1683},[60,48886,88],{"class":74},[60,48888,48889],{"class":120}," classinfo",[60,48891,133],{"class":74},[337,48893,48895],{"id":48894},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[260,48897,48898,48903,48917],{},[263,48899,48900,48902],{},[15,48901,42283],{}," is the value you want to test",[263,48904,48905,48908,48909,36,48911,36,48913,2112,48915],{},[15,48906,48907],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48910,2108],{},[15,48912,3358],{},[15,48914,8006],{},[15,48916,8733],{},[263,48918,48919,48920,288,48922],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48921,3520],{},[15,48923,3588],{},[20,48925,2127],{},[51,48927,48929],{"className":53,"code":48928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48930,48931,48943,48947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48932,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48934,7788],{"class":66},[60,48936,71],{"class":70},[60,48938,91],{"class":78},[60,48940,11407],{"class":82},[60,48942,3273],{"class":78},[60,48944,48945],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48946,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,48948,48949,48951,48953,48955,48957,48959,48961,48963],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,48950,140],{"class":139},[60,48952,124],{"class":74},[60,48954,48760],{"class":139},[60,48956,124],{"class":74},[60,48958,7580],{"class":120},[60,48960,88],{"class":74},[60,48962,48789],{"class":1683},[60,48964,1691],{"class":74},[20,48966,404],{},[51,48968,48969],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48970,48971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48972,48973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48974,3892],{"class":734},[46,48976,839],{"id":838},[20,48978,48979],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[337,48981,48983],{"id":48982},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[51,48985,48987],{"className":53,"code":48986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48988,48989,48997,49001,49019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48990,48991,48993,48995],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48992,1700],{"class":66},[60,48994,71],{"class":70},[60,48996,45111],{"class":357},[60,48998,48999],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49000,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49002,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49004,140],{"class":139},[60,49006,124],{"class":74},[60,49008,48760],{"class":139},[60,49010,124],{"class":74},[60,49012,315],{"class":120},[60,49014,88],{"class":74},[60,49016,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49018,1691],{"class":74},[60,49020,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49022,140],{"class":139},[60,49024,124],{"class":74},[60,49026,48760],{"class":139},[60,49028,124],{"class":74},[60,49030,315],{"class":120},[60,49032,88],{"class":74},[60,49034,48789],{"class":1683},[60,49036,1691],{"class":74},[20,49038,404],{},[51,49040,49041],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49042,49043,49047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49044,49045],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49046,3892],{"class":734},[60,49048,49049],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49050,3953],{"class":734},[337,49052,49054],{"id":49053},"check-text","Check text",[51,49056,49058],{"className":53,"code":49057,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49059,49060,49072,49076,49094],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49061,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49063,34573],{"class":66},[60,49065,71],{"class":70},[60,49067,91],{"class":78},[60,49069,3759],{"class":82},[60,49071,3273],{"class":78},[60,49073,49074],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49075,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49077,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49079,140],{"class":139},[60,49081,124],{"class":74},[60,49083,48760],{"class":139},[60,49085,124],{"class":74},[60,49087,34594],{"class":120},[60,49089,88],{"class":74},[60,49091,48789],{"class":1683},[60,49093,1691],{"class":74},[60,49095,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49097,140],{"class":139},[60,49099,124],{"class":74},[60,49101,48760],{"class":139},[60,49103,124],{"class":74},[60,49105,34594],{"class":120},[60,49107,88],{"class":74},[60,49109,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49111,1691],{"class":74},[20,49113,404],{},[51,49115,49116],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49117,49118,49122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49119,49120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49121,3892],{"class":734},[60,49123,49124],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49125,3953],{"class":734},[20,49127,49128,49129,49131],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49130,44691],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49133,49134,49135,117],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[30,49136,49137],{"href":2877},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[46,49139,49141],{"id":49140},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49143,49144],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49146,49147],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[51,49149,49151],{"className":53,"code":49150,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49152,49153,49162,49166,49190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49154,49155,49157,49159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49156,1700],{"class":66},[60,49158,71],{"class":70},[60,49160,49161],{"class":357}," 3.5\n",[60,49163,49164],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49165,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49167,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49169,140],{"class":139},[60,49171,124],{"class":74},[60,49173,48760],{"class":139},[60,49175,124],{"class":74},[60,49177,315],{"class":120},[60,49179,88],{"class":74},[60,49181,9144],{"class":74},[60,49183,2108],{"class":1683},[60,49185,88],{"class":74},[60,49187,40140],{"class":1683},[60,49189,2827],{"class":74},[60,49191,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210,49212],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49193,140],{"class":139},[60,49195,124],{"class":74},[60,49197,48760],{"class":139},[60,49199,124],{"class":74},[60,49201,315],{"class":120},[60,49203,88],{"class":74},[60,49205,9144],{"class":74},[60,49207,3358],{"class":1683},[60,49209,88],{"class":74},[60,49211,22446],{"class":1683},[60,49213,2827],{"class":74},[20,49215,404],{},[51,49217,49218],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49219,49220,49224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49221,49222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49223,3892],{"class":734},[60,49225,49226],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49227,3953],{"class":734},[20,49229,49230,49231,49233],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49232,40721],{}," conditions.",[20,49235,8211],{},[51,49237,49239],{"className":53,"code":49238,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49240,49241,49249,49253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49242,49243,49245,49247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49244,1700],{"class":66},[60,49246,71],{"class":70},[60,49248,49161],{"class":357},[60,49250,49251],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49252,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49254,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49256,140],{"class":139},[60,49258,124],{"class":74},[60,49260,1684],{"class":1683},[60,49262,124],{"class":74},[60,49264,315],{"class":120},[60,49266,174],{"class":74},[60,49268,6319],{"class":70},[60,49270,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49272,48120],{"class":1153},[60,49274,49275],{"class":1683}," type",[60,49277,124],{"class":74},[60,49279,315],{"class":120},[60,49281,174],{"class":74},[60,49283,6319],{"class":70},[60,49285,40140],{"class":1683},[60,49287,133],{"class":74},[20,49289,49290],{},"you can write this:",[51,49292,49294],{"className":53,"code":49293,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49295,49296,49304,49308],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49297,49298,49300,49302],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49299,1700],{"class":66},[60,49301,71],{"class":70},[60,49303,49161],{"class":357},[60,49305,49306],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49307,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49309,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49311,140],{"class":139},[60,49313,124],{"class":74},[60,49315,48760],{"class":139},[60,49317,124],{"class":74},[60,49319,315],{"class":120},[60,49321,88],{"class":74},[60,49323,9144],{"class":74},[60,49325,2108],{"class":1683},[60,49327,88],{"class":74},[60,49329,40140],{"class":1683},[60,49331,2827],{"class":74},[20,49333,49334],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[46,49336,49338,474,49340],{"id":49337},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49339,44691],{},[15,49341,2221],{},[20,49343,10495,49344,1776,49346,49350],{},[15,49345,44691],{},[30,49347,49348],{"href":2218},[15,49349,2221],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[337,49352,49354],{"id":49353},"typevalue-int",[15,49355,49356],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49358,49359],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[51,49361,49363],{"className":53,"code":49362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49364,49365,49373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49366,49367,49369,49371],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49368,1700],{"class":66},[60,49370,71],{"class":70},[60,49372,2504],{"class":357},[60,49374,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49376,140],{"class":139},[60,49378,124],{"class":74},[60,49380,1684],{"class":1683},[60,49382,124],{"class":74},[60,49384,315],{"class":120},[60,49386,174],{"class":74},[60,49388,6319],{"class":70},[60,49390,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49392,133],{"class":74},[337,49394,49396],{"id":49395},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49397,49398],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49400,49401],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[51,49403,49405],{"className":53,"code":49404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49406,49407,49415],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49408,49409,49411,49413],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49410,1700],{"class":66},[60,49412,71],{"class":70},[60,49414,2504],{"class":357},[60,49416,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49418,140],{"class":139},[60,49420,124],{"class":74},[60,49422,48760],{"class":139},[60,49424,124],{"class":74},[60,49426,315],{"class":120},[60,49428,88],{"class":74},[60,49430,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49432,1691],{"class":74},[20,49434,49435,49436,49438],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49437,44691],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49440,49441],{},"In everyday code:",[260,49443,49444,49449],{},[263,49445,39875,49446,49448],{},[15,49447,2221],{}," when you need the exact type",[263,49450,39875,49451,49453],{},[15,49452,44691],{}," when you want a practical type check",[46,49455,49457],{"id":49456},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49459,49460,49461,117],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49462,44691],{},[337,49464,49466],{"id":49465},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[51,49468,49470],{"className":53,"code":49469,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49471,49472,49490,49509,49521,49526,49544,49555,49559,49571,49575,49599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49473,49474,49476,49479,49481,49483,49485,49488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49475,34736],{"class":1984},[60,49477,49478],{"class":34739}," repeat_text",[60,49480,124],{"class":74},[60,49482,34594],{"class":37546},[60,49484,88],{"class":74},[60,49486,49487],{"class":37546}," count",[60,49489,8255],{"class":74},[60,49491,49492,49494,49496,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49493,6309],{"class":1153},[60,49495,8012],{"class":70},[60,49497,49498],{"class":139}," isinstance",[60,49500,124],{"class":74},[60,49502,34594],{"class":120},[60,49504,88],{"class":74},[60,49506,48789],{"class":1683},[60,49508,8255],{"class":74},[60,49510,49511,49514,49516,49519],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49512,49513],{"class":1153},"        return",[60,49515,91],{"class":78},[60,49517,49518],{"class":82},"text must be a string",[60,49520,3273],{"class":78},[60,49522,49523],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49524,49525],{"class":66},"    \n",[60,49527,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,49529,6309],{"class":1153},[60,49531,8012],{"class":70},[60,49533,49498],{"class":139},[60,49535,124],{"class":74},[60,49537,41144],{"class":120},[60,49539,88],{"class":74},[60,49541,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49543,8255],{"class":74},[60,49545,49546,49548,49550,49553],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,49547,49513],{"class":1153},[60,49549,91],{"class":78},[60,49551,49552],{"class":82},"count must be an integer",[60,49554,3273],{"class":78},[60,49556,49557],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,49558,49525],{"class":66},[60,49560,49561,49563,49566,49568],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,49562,34747],{"class":1153},[60,49564,49565],{"class":66}," text ",[60,49567,39757],{"class":70},[60,49569,49570],{"class":66}," count\n",[60,49572,49573],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,49574,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49576,49577,49579,49581,49584,49586,49588,49591,49593,49595,49597],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,49578,140],{"class":139},[60,49580,124],{"class":74},[60,49582,49583],{"class":120},"repeat_text",[60,49585,124],{"class":74},[60,49587,79],{"class":78},[60,49589,49590],{"class":82},"Hi ",[60,49592,79],{"class":78},[60,49594,88],{"class":74},[60,49596,368],{"class":357},[60,49598,1691],{"class":74},[60,49600,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623],{"class":62,"line":11492},[60,49602,140],{"class":139},[60,49604,124],{"class":74},[60,49606,49583],{"class":120},[60,49608,124],{"class":74},[60,49610,79],{"class":78},[60,49612,49590],{"class":82},[60,49614,79],{"class":78},[60,49616,88],{"class":74},[60,49618,91],{"class":78},[60,49620,389],{"class":82},[60,49622,79],{"class":78},[60,49624,1691],{"class":74},[20,49626,404],{},[51,49628,49630],{"className":53,"code":49629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49631,49632,49637],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49633,49634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49635,49636],{"class":66},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[60,49638,49639],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49640,49641],{"class":66},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49643,49644],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[337,49646,49648],{"id":49647},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[51,49650,49652],{"className":53,"code":49651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49653,49654,49686,49690,49706,49721,49738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49655,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49657,1700],{"class":66},[60,49659,71],{"class":70},[60,49661,1512],{"class":74},[60,49663,79],{"class":78},[60,49665,30],{"class":82},[60,49667,79],{"class":78},[60,49669,88],{"class":74},[60,49671,91],{"class":78},[60,49673,1428],{"class":82},[60,49675,79],{"class":78},[60,49677,88],{"class":74},[60,49679,91],{"class":78},[60,49681,1437],{"class":82},[60,49683,79],{"class":78},[60,49685,1525],{"class":74},[60,49687,49688],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49689,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49691,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49693,1154],{"class":1153},[60,49695,49498],{"class":139},[60,49697,124],{"class":74},[60,49699,315],{"class":120},[60,49701,88],{"class":74},[60,49703,48789],{"class":1683},[60,49705,8255],{"class":74},[60,49707,49708,49710,49712,49714,49717,49719],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49709,7981],{"class":139},[60,49711,124],{"class":74},[60,49713,79],{"class":78},[60,49715,49716],{"class":82},"This is text",[60,49718,79],{"class":78},[60,49720,133],{"class":74},[60,49722,49723,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,49724,49725],{"class":1153},"elif",[60,49727,49498],{"class":139},[60,49729,124],{"class":74},[60,49731,315],{"class":120},[60,49733,88],{"class":74},[60,49735,22446],{"class":1683},[60,49737,8255],{"class":74},[60,49739,49740,49742,49744,49746,49749,49751],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,49741,7981],{"class":139},[60,49743,124],{"class":74},[60,49745,79],{"class":78},[60,49747,49748],{"class":82},"This is a list",[60,49750,79],{"class":78},[60,49752,133],{"class":74},[20,49754,404],{},[51,49756,49758],{"className":53,"code":49757,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a list\n",[15,49759,49760],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49761,49762,49765,49767,49769],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49763,49764],{"class":66},"This ",[60,49766,12088],{"class":70},[60,49768,44430],{"class":66},[60,49770,49771],{"class":1683},"list\n",[337,49773,49775],{"id":49774},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[51,49777,49779],{"className":53,"code":49778,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49780,49781,49793,49797,49813,49827],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49782,49783,49785,49787,49789,49791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49784,1700],{"class":66},[60,49786,71],{"class":70},[60,49788,91],{"class":78},[60,49790,46410],{"class":82},[60,49792,3273],{"class":78},[60,49794,49795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49796,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49798,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49800,1154],{"class":1153},[60,49802,49498],{"class":139},[60,49804,124],{"class":74},[60,49806,315],{"class":120},[60,49808,88],{"class":74},[60,49810,48789],{"class":1683},[60,49812,8255],{"class":74},[60,49814,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49816,41775],{"class":66},[60,49818,71],{"class":70},[60,49820,45162],{"class":1683},[60,49822,124],{"class":74},[60,49824,315],{"class":120},[60,49826,133],{"class":74},[60,49828,49829,49831,49833,49835],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,49830,7981],{"class":139},[60,49832,124],{"class":74},[60,49834,2159],{"class":120},[60,49836,133],{"class":74},[20,49838,404],{},[51,49840,49841],{"className":53,"code":46496,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49842,49843],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49844,49845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49846,46496],{"class":357},[20,49848,49849],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[337,49851,49853],{"id":49852},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[51,49855,49857],{"className":53,"code":49856,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49858,49859,49883,49887,49903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49860,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49862,1700],{"class":66},[60,49864,71],{"class":70},[60,49866,75],{"class":74},[60,49868,79],{"class":78},[60,49870,7580],{"class":82},[60,49872,79],{"class":78},[60,49874,258],{"class":74},[60,49876,91],{"class":78},[60,49878,12774],{"class":82},[60,49880,79],{"class":78},[60,49882,108],{"class":74},[60,49884,49885],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49886,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,49888,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,49890,1154],{"class":1153},[60,49892,49498],{"class":139},[60,49894,124],{"class":74},[60,49896,315],{"class":120},[60,49898,88],{"class":74},[60,49900,9079],{"class":1683},[60,49902,8255],{"class":74},[60,49904,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,49906,7981],{"class":139},[60,49908,124],{"class":74},[60,49910,315],{"class":120},[60,49912,3812],{"class":74},[60,49914,79],{"class":78},[60,49916,7580],{"class":82},[60,49918,79],{"class":78},[60,49920,1646],{"class":74},[20,49922,404],{},[51,49924,49926],{"className":53,"code":49925,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n",[15,49927,49928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49929,49930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49931,49925],{"class":66},[20,49933,49934,49935,49937],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49936,2919],{}," messages later.",[46,49939,4430],{"id":4429},[337,49941,49943,49944,10994,49947],{"id":49942},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49945,49946],{},"\"int\"",[15,49948,2108],{},[20,49950,1498],{},[51,49952,49954],{"className":53,"code":49953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49955,49956,49964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49957,49958,49960,49962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49959,1700],{"class":66},[60,49961,71],{"class":70},[60,49963,2504],{"class":357},[60,49965,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49967,140],{"class":139},[60,49969,124],{"class":74},[60,49971,48760],{"class":139},[60,49973,124],{"class":74},[60,49975,315],{"class":120},[60,49977,88],{"class":74},[60,49979,91],{"class":78},[60,49981,2108],{"class":82},[60,49983,79],{"class":78},[60,49985,1691],{"class":74},[20,49987,49988,49990],{},[15,49989,49946],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49992,16546],{},[51,49994,49995],{"className":53,"code":49404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49996,49997,50005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49998,49999,50001,50003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50000,1700],{"class":66},[60,50002,71],{"class":70},[60,50004,2504],{"class":357},[60,50006,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50008,140],{"class":139},[60,50010,124],{"class":74},[60,50012,48760],{"class":139},[60,50014,124],{"class":74},[60,50016,315],{"class":120},[60,50018,88],{"class":74},[60,50020,45162],{"class":1683},[60,50022,1691],{"class":74},[337,50024,50026],{"id":50025},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50028,1498],{},[51,50030,50032],{"className":53,"code":50031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50033,50034,50042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50035,50036,50038,50040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50037,1700],{"class":66},[60,50039,71],{"class":70},[60,50041,34727],{"class":357},[60,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50045,140],{"class":139},[60,50047,124],{"class":74},[60,50049,48760],{"class":139},[60,50051,124],{"class":74},[60,50053,315],{"class":120},[60,50055,88],{"class":74},[60,50057,1512],{"class":74},[60,50059,2108],{"class":1683},[60,50061,88],{"class":74},[60,50063,40140],{"class":1683},[60,50065,2913],{"class":74},[20,50067,50068],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50070,16546],{},[51,50072,50074],{"className":53,"code":50073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50075,50076,50084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50077,50078,50080,50082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50079,1700],{"class":66},[60,50081,71],{"class":70},[60,50083,34727],{"class":357},[60,50085,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50087,140],{"class":139},[60,50089,124],{"class":74},[60,50091,48760],{"class":139},[60,50093,124],{"class":74},[60,50095,315],{"class":120},[60,50097,88],{"class":74},[60,50099,9144],{"class":74},[60,50101,2108],{"class":1683},[60,50103,88],{"class":74},[60,50105,40140],{"class":1683},[60,50107,2827],{"class":74},[337,50109,25660,50111,50113],{"id":50110},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50112,44691],{}," converts a value",[20,50115,18803],{},[51,50117,50119],{"className":53,"code":50118,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50120,50121,50134,50152,50156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50122,50123,50125,50127,50129,50132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50124,1700],{"class":66},[60,50126,71],{"class":70},[60,50128,91],{"class":78},[60,50130,50131],{"class":82},"123",[60,50133,3273],{"class":78},[60,50135,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50137,688],{"class":66},[60,50139,71],{"class":70},[60,50141,49498],{"class":139},[60,50143,124],{"class":74},[60,50145,315],{"class":120},[60,50147,88],{"class":74},[60,50149,45162],{"class":1683},[60,50151,133],{"class":74},[60,50153,50154],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50155,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,50157,50158,50160,50162,50164],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50159,140],{"class":139},[60,50161,124],{"class":74},[60,50163,720],{"class":120},[60,50165,133],{"class":74},[20,50167,404],{},[51,50169,50170],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50171,50172],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50173,50174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50175,3953],{"class":734},[20,50177,50178,50179,50182,50183,50185],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50180,50181],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50184,50131],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50187,50188,50189,6542],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50190,50191],{},"int(value)",[337,50193,50195],{"id":50194},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50197,50198,50200],{},[15,50199,44691],{}," does not modify anything.",[51,50202,50204],{"className":53,"code":50203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50205,50206,50218,50222,50240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50207,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50209,1700],{"class":66},[60,50211,71],{"class":70},[60,50213,91],{"class":78},[60,50215,13449],{"class":82},[60,50217,3273],{"class":78},[60,50219,50220],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50221,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,50223,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50225,140],{"class":139},[60,50227,124],{"class":74},[60,50229,48760],{"class":139},[60,50231,124],{"class":74},[60,50233,315],{"class":120},[60,50235,88],{"class":74},[60,50237,48789],{"class":1683},[60,50239,1691],{"class":74},[60,50241,50242,50244,50246,50248],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50243,140],{"class":139},[60,50245,124],{"class":74},[60,50247,315],{"class":120},[60,50249,133],{"class":74},[20,50251,404],{},[51,50253,50255],{"className":53,"code":50254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n100\n",[15,50256,50257,50261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50258,50259],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50260,3892],{"class":734},[60,50262,50263],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50264,47147],{"class":357},[20,50266,50267],{},"The value stays the same.",[46,50269,25828],{"id":25827},[20,50271,50272],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[51,50274,50276],{"className":53,"code":50275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50277,50278,50292,50310,50334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50279,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50281,140],{"class":139},[60,50283,124],{"class":74},[60,50285,1684],{"class":1683},[60,50287,124],{"class":74},[60,50289,315],{"class":120},[60,50291,1691],{"class":74},[60,50293,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50295,140],{"class":139},[60,50297,124],{"class":74},[60,50299,48760],{"class":139},[60,50301,124],{"class":74},[60,50303,315],{"class":120},[60,50305,88],{"class":74},[60,50307,45162],{"class":1683},[60,50309,1691],{"class":74},[60,50311,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50313,140],{"class":139},[60,50315,124],{"class":74},[60,50317,48760],{"class":139},[60,50319,124],{"class":74},[60,50321,315],{"class":120},[60,50323,88],{"class":74},[60,50325,9144],{"class":74},[60,50327,2108],{"class":1683},[60,50329,88],{"class":74},[60,50331,40140],{"class":1683},[60,50333,2827],{"class":74},[60,50335,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50337,140],{"class":139},[60,50339,124],{"class":74},[60,50341,41664],{"class":139},[60,50343,124],{"class":74},[60,50345,315],{"class":120},[60,50347,1691],{"class":74},[20,50349,50350],{},"These can help when:",[260,50352,50353,50356,50361,50364],{},[263,50354,50355],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[263,50357,50358,50359],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50360,2919],{},[263,50362,50363],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[263,50365,50366,50367,50369],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50368,44691],{}," is invalid",[20,50371,50372],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[260,50374,50375,50389,50395,50400],{},[263,50376,50377,50378,288,50381,50384,50385,288,50387],{},"using ",[15,50379,50380],{},"'int'",[15,50382,50383],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50386,2108],{},[15,50388,3358],{},[263,50390,50391,50392,50394],{},"expecting ",[15,50393,44691],{}," to convert a value",[263,50396,50377,50397,50399],{},[15,50398,2221],{}," when inherited types should also match",[263,50401,50402],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50404,50405,50406,117],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[30,50407,50409,50410],{"href":50408},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50411,50412],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[46,50414,1746],{"id":1745},[337,50416,1760,50418,5055],{"id":50417},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50419,44691],{},[20,50421,1766,50422,50424,50425,117],{},[15,50423,3520],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50426,3588],{},[337,50428,5079,50430,50432],{"id":50429},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50431,44691],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50434,50435,50436,117],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50437,50438],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[337,50440,1773,50442,1776,50444,1779],{"id":50441},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50443,44691],{},[15,50445,2221],{},[20,50447,50448,50450,50451,50453],{},[15,50449,2221],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50452,44691],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[337,50455,12599,50457,50459],{"id":50456},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50458,44691],{}," convert a value?",[20,50461,50462],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[46,50464,1808],{"id":1807},[260,50466,50467,50473,50477,50482,50487],{},[263,50468,50469],{},[30,50470,3491,50471,3424],{"href":2218},[15,50472,2221],{},[263,50474,50475],{},[30,50476,44683],{"href":48863},[263,50478,50479],{},[30,50480,50481],{"href":2877},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[263,50483,50484],{},[30,50485,50486],{"href":48866},"What is a data type in Python?",[263,50488,50489],{},[30,50490,50409,50491],{"href":50408},[15,50492,50412],{},[1841,50494,50495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":50497},[50498,50499,50501,50504,50508,50509,50514,50520,50528,50529,50539],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":48802,"depth":111,"text":50500},"What isinstance() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":50502},[50503],{"id":48894,"depth":136,"text":48895},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839,"children":50505},[50506,50507],{"id":48982,"depth":136,"text":48983},{"id":49053,"depth":136,"text":49054},{"id":49140,"depth":111,"text":49141},{"id":49337,"depth":111,"text":50510,"children":50511},"isinstance() vs type()",[50512,50513],{"id":49353,"depth":136,"text":49356},{"id":49395,"depth":136,"text":49398},{"id":49456,"depth":111,"text":49457,"children":50515},[50516,50517,50518,50519],{"id":49465,"depth":136,"text":49466},{"id":49647,"depth":136,"text":49648},{"id":49774,"depth":136,"text":49775},{"id":49852,"depth":136,"text":49853},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":50521},[50522,50524,50525,50527],{"id":49942,"depth":136,"text":50523},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50025,"depth":136,"text":50026},{"id":50110,"depth":136,"text":50526},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50194,"depth":136,"text":50195},{"id":25827,"depth":111,"text":25828},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":50530},[50531,50533,50535,50537],{"id":50417,"depth":136,"text":50532},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50429,"depth":136,"text":50534},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50441,"depth":136,"text":50536},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50456,"depth":136,"text":50538},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48703,"description":50540},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50546,"title":50547,"body":50548,"description":52521,"extension":1883,"meta":52522,"navigation":152,"path":52523,"seo":52524,"stem":52525,"__hash__":52526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50549,"toc":52496},[50550,50553,50558,50563,50577,50580,50582,50657,50662,50666,50671,50674,50688,50690,50856,50869,50871,50873,50888,50891,50894,50907,50909,51007,51011,51017,51020,51029,51031,51066,51071,51092,51097,51102,51134,51137,51194,51198,51204,51207,51260,51262,51302,51305,51373,51376,51427,51434,51438,51444,51529,51535,51541,51590,51593,51596,51646,51648,51653,51657,51707,51711,51758,51762,51839,51843,51908,51911,51915,51920,51925,51937,51939,51958,51964,51967,51986,51991,52018,52025,52029,52035,52038,52133,52136,52139,52188,52193,52195,52199,52234,52237,52294,52304,52307,52341,52344,52346,52350,52353,52357,52360,52364,52367,52371,52384,52388,52393,52395,52445,52457,52459,52493],[10,50551,50547],{"id":50552},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50554,9032,50555,50557],{},[15,50556,42245],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50559,35291,50560,50562],{},[15,50561,42245],{}," to count:",[260,50564,50565,50568,50571,50574],{},[263,50566,50567],{},"characters in a string",[263,50569,50570],{},"items in a list or tuple",[263,50572,50573],{},"keys in a dictionary",[263,50575,50576],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50578,50579],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[46,50581,49],{"id":48},[51,50583,50585],{"className":53,"code":50584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50586,50587,50599,50619,50623,50640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50588,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50590,34573],{"class":66},[60,50592,71],{"class":70},[60,50594,91],{"class":78},[60,50596,3759],{"class":82},[60,50598,3273],{"class":78},[60,50600,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615,50617],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50602,486],{"class":66},[60,50604,71],{"class":70},[60,50606,1512],{"class":74},[60,50608,2250],{"class":357},[60,50610,88],{"class":74},[60,50612,7702],{"class":357},[60,50614,88],{"class":74},[60,50616,7707],{"class":357},[60,50618,1525],{"class":74},[60,50620,50621],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50622,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,50624,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50626,140],{"class":139},[60,50628,124],{"class":74},[60,50630,11064],{"class":139},[60,50632,124],{"class":74},[60,50634,34594],{"class":120},[60,50636,5271],{"class":74},[60,50638,50639],{"class":177},"   # 5\n",[60,50641,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,50643,140],{"class":139},[60,50645,124],{"class":74},[60,50647,11064],{"class":139},[60,50649,124],{"class":74},[60,50651,517],{"class":120},[60,50653,5271],{"class":74},[60,50655,50656],{"class":177},"  # 3\n",[20,50658,243,50659,50661],{},[15,50660,42245],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[46,50663,50665],{"id":50664},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50667,50668,50670],{},[15,50669,42245],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50672,50673],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[260,50675,50676,50679,50682,50685],{},[263,50677,50678],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[263,50680,50681],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[263,50683,50684],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[263,50686,50687],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50689,2127],{},[51,50691,50693],{"className":53,"code":50692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50694,50695,50707,50732,50764,50784,50788,50805,50822,50839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50696,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50698,7788],{"class":66},[60,50700,71],{"class":70},[60,50702,91],{"class":78},[60,50704,7589],{"class":82},[60,50706,3273],{"class":78},[60,50708,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50710,350],{"class":66},[60,50712,71],{"class":70},[60,50714,1512],{"class":74},[60,50716,2250],{"class":357},[60,50718,88],{"class":74},[60,50720,7702],{"class":357},[60,50722,88],{"class":74},[60,50724,7707],{"class":357},[60,50726,88],{"class":74},[60,50728,50729],{"class":357}," 40",[60,50731,1525],{"class":74},[60,50733,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50735,1613],{"class":66},[60,50737,71],{"class":70},[60,50739,75],{"class":74},[60,50741,79],{"class":78},[60,50743,30],{"class":82},[60,50745,79],{"class":78},[60,50747,258],{"class":74},[60,50749,5408],{"class":357},[60,50751,88],{"class":74},[60,50753,91],{"class":78},[60,50755,1428],{"class":82},[60,50757,79],{"class":78},[60,50759,258],{"class":74},[60,50761,363],{"class":357},[60,50763,108],{"class":74},[60,50765,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50767,3736],{"class":66},[60,50769,71],{"class":70},[60,50771,75],{"class":74},[60,50773,2056],{"class":357},[60,50775,88],{"class":74},[60,50777,37527],{"class":357},[60,50779,88],{"class":74},[60,50781,5905],{"class":357},[60,50783,108],{"class":74},[60,50785,50786],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,50787,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,50789,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,50791,140],{"class":139},[60,50793,124],{"class":74},[60,50795,11064],{"class":139},[60,50797,124],{"class":74},[60,50799,7580],{"class":120},[60,50801,5271],{"class":74},[60,50803,50804],{"class":177},"     # 3\n",[60,50806,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,50808,140],{"class":139},[60,50810,124],{"class":74},[60,50812,11064],{"class":139},[60,50814,124],{"class":74},[60,50816,380],{"class":120},[60,50818,5271],{"class":74},[60,50820,50821],{"class":177},"  # 4\n",[60,50823,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,50825,140],{"class":139},[60,50827,124],{"class":74},[60,50829,11064],{"class":139},[60,50831,124],{"class":74},[60,50833,1634],{"class":120},[60,50835,5271],{"class":74},[60,50837,50838],{"class":177},"     # 2\n",[60,50840,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,50842,140],{"class":139},[60,50844,124],{"class":74},[60,50846,11064],{"class":139},[60,50848,124],{"class":74},[60,50850,5268],{"class":120},[60,50852,5271],{"class":74},[60,50854,50855],{"class":177},"   # 3\n",[20,50857,50858,50859,36,50863,16963,50867,117],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[30,50860,50862],{"href":50861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[30,50864,50866],{"href":50865},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[30,50868,9065],{"href":9064},[46,50870,296],{"id":295},[20,50872,2079],{},[51,50874,50876],{"className":53,"code":50875,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(object)\n",[15,50877,50878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50881,11064],{"class":139},[60,50883,124],{"class":74},[60,50885,42283],{"class":1683},[60,50887,133],{"class":74},[20,50889,50890],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50892,50893],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[260,50895,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904],{},[263,50897,37791],{},[263,50899,37785],{},[263,50901,37788],{},[263,50903,37794],{},[263,50905,50906],{},"a dictionary",[20,50908,2127],{},[51,50910,50912],{"className":53,"code":50911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50913,50914,50935,50959,50981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50915,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50917,140],{"class":139},[60,50919,124],{"class":74},[60,50921,11064],{"class":139},[60,50923,124],{"class":74},[60,50925,79],{"class":78},[60,50927,55],{"class":82},[60,50929,79],{"class":78},[60,50931,5271],{"class":74},[60,50933,50934],{"class":177},"      # 6\n",[60,50936,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50938,140],{"class":139},[60,50940,124],{"class":74},[60,50942,11064],{"class":139},[60,50944,1641],{"class":74},[60,50946,358],{"class":357},[60,50948,88],{"class":74},[60,50950,363],{"class":357},[60,50952,88],{"class":74},[60,50954,368],{"class":357},[60,50956,4646],{"class":74},[60,50958,50804],{"class":177},[60,50960,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50978],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,50962,140],{"class":139},[60,50964,124],{"class":74},[60,50966,11064],{"class":139},[60,50968,5421],{"class":74},[60,50970,2250],{"class":357},[60,50972,88],{"class":74},[60,50974,7702],{"class":357},[60,50976,50977],{"class":74},")))",[60,50979,50980],{"class":177},"      # 2\n",[60,50982,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51004],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,50984,140],{"class":139},[60,50986,124],{"class":74},[60,50988,11064],{"class":139},[60,50990,5440],{"class":74},[60,50992,79],{"class":78},[60,50994,2093],{"class":82},[60,50996,79],{"class":78},[60,50998,258],{"class":74},[60,51000,5408],{"class":357},[60,51002,51003],{"class":74},"}))",[60,51005,51006],{"class":177},"      # 1\n",[46,51008,51010],{"id":51009},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51012,51013,51014,51016],{},"When you use ",[15,51015,42245],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51018,51019],{},"That includes:",[260,51021,51022,51024,51026],{},[263,51023,1446],{},[263,51025,10358],{},[263,51027,51028],{},"punctuation",[20,51030,2127],{},[51,51032,51034],{"className":53,"code":51033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51035,51036,51049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51037,51038,51040,51042,51044,51047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51039,34573],{"class":66},[60,51041,71],{"class":70},[60,51043,91],{"class":78},[60,51045,51046],{"class":82},"Hi there!",[60,51048,3273],{"class":78},[60,51050,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51052,140],{"class":139},[60,51054,124],{"class":74},[60,51056,11064],{"class":139},[60,51058,124],{"class":74},[60,51060,34594],{"class":120},[60,51062,5271],{"class":74},[60,51064,51065],{"class":177},"  # 9\n",[20,51067,51068,51069,1779],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51070,2064],{},[260,51072,51073,51079,51083,51086],{},[263,51074,51075,51078],{},[15,51076,51077],{},"H"," = 1",[263,51080,51081,51078],{},[15,51082,36039],{},[263,51084,51085],{},"space = 1",[263,51087,51088,51091],{},[15,51089,51090],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51093,51094,51095],{},"Total: ",[15,51096,2064],{},[20,51098,51099,51100,258],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51101,2039],{},[51,51103,51105],{"className":53,"code":51104,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51106,51107,51116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51108,51109,51112,51114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51110,51111],{"class":66},"empty_text ",[60,51113,71],{"class":70},[60,51115,7793],{"class":78},[60,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51129,51131],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51119,140],{"class":139},[60,51121,124],{"class":74},[60,51123,11064],{"class":139},[60,51125,124],{"class":74},[60,51127,51128],{"class":120},"empty_text",[60,51130,5271],{"class":74},[60,51132,51133],{"class":177},"  # 0\n",[20,51135,51136],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[51,51138,51140],{"className":53,"code":51139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51141,51142,51155,51159,51179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51143,51144,51147,51149,51151,51153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51145,51146],{"class":66},"user_name ",[60,51148,71],{"class":70},[60,51150,91],{"class":78},[60,51152,4914],{"class":82},[60,51154,3273],{"class":78},[60,51156,51157],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51158,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51160,51161,51163,51165,51167,51170,51172,51175,51177],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51162,1154],{"class":1153},[60,51164,38270],{"class":139},[60,51166,124],{"class":74},[60,51168,51169],{"class":120},"user_name",[60,51171,174],{"class":74},[60,51173,51174],{"class":70}," >=",[60,51176,368],{"class":357},[60,51178,1168],{"class":74},[60,51180,51181,51183,51185,51187,51190,51192],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51182,7981],{"class":139},[60,51184,124],{"class":74},[60,51186,79],{"class":78},[60,51188,51189],{"class":82},"Name is long enough",[60,51191,79],{"class":78},[60,51193,133],{"class":74},[46,51195,51197],{"id":51196},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51199,51200,51201,51203],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51202,42245],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51205,51206],{},"Example with a list:",[51,51208,51210],{"className":53,"code":51209,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51211,51212,51244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51213,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51215,67],{"class":66},[60,51217,71],{"class":70},[60,51219,1512],{"class":74},[60,51221,79],{"class":78},[60,51223,83],{"class":82},[60,51225,79],{"class":78},[60,51227,88],{"class":74},[60,51229,91],{"class":78},[60,51231,103],{"class":82},[60,51233,79],{"class":78},[60,51235,88],{"class":74},[60,51237,91],{"class":78},[60,51239,94],{"class":82},[60,51241,79],{"class":78},[60,51243,1525],{"class":74},[60,51245,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51247,140],{"class":139},[60,51249,124],{"class":74},[60,51251,11064],{"class":139},[60,51253,124],{"class":74},[60,51255,114],{"class":120},[60,51257,5271],{"class":74},[60,51259,50656],{"class":177},[20,51261,37800],{},[51,51263,51265],{"className":53,"code":51264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51266,51267,51284],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51268,51269,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51270,51271],{"class":66},"point ",[60,51273,71],{"class":70},[60,51275,9144],{"class":74},[60,51277,2250],{"class":357},[60,51279,88],{"class":74},[60,51281,7702],{"class":357},[60,51283,133],{"class":74},[60,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51297,51299],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51287,140],{"class":139},[60,51289,124],{"class":74},[60,51291,11064],{"class":139},[60,51293,124],{"class":74},[60,51295,51296],{"class":120},"point",[60,51298,5271],{"class":74},[60,51300,51301],{"class":177},"  # 2\n",[20,51303,51304],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[51,51306,51308],{"className":53,"code":51307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51309,51310,51334,51338,51356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51313,486],{"class":66},[60,51315,71],{"class":70},[60,51317,1512],{"class":74},[60,51319,79],{"class":78},[60,51321,495],{"class":82},[60,51323,79],{"class":78},[60,51325,88],{"class":74},[60,51327,91],{"class":78},[60,51329,504],{"class":82},[60,51331,79],{"class":78},[60,51333,1525],{"class":74},[60,51335,51336],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51337,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51339,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51341,1154],{"class":1153},[60,51343,38270],{"class":139},[60,51345,124],{"class":74},[60,51347,517],{"class":120},[60,51349,174],{"class":74},[60,51351,38280],{"class":70},[60,51353,5408],{"class":357},[60,51355,1168],{"class":74},[60,51357,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51359,7981],{"class":139},[60,51361,124],{"class":74},[60,51363,517],{"class":120},[60,51365,3812],{"class":74},[60,51367,358],{"class":357},[60,51369,20335],{"class":74},[60,51371,51372],{"class":177},"  # banana\n",[20,51374,51375],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[51,51377,51379],{"className":53,"code":51378,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51380,51381,51404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51382,51383,51385,51387,51389,51392,51394,51397,51399,51402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51384,4974],{"class":66},[60,51386,71],{"class":70},[60,51388,1512],{"class":74},[60,51390,51391],{"class":357},"88",[60,51393,88],{"class":74},[60,51395,51396],{"class":357}," 91",[60,51398,88],{"class":74},[60,51400,51401],{"class":357}," 75",[60,51403,1525],{"class":74},[60,51405,51406,51408,51410,51412,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51407,140],{"class":139},[60,51409,124],{"class":74},[60,51411,79],{"class":78},[60,51413,51414],{"class":82},"Number of scores:",[60,51416,79],{"class":78},[60,51418,88],{"class":74},[60,51420,38270],{"class":139},[60,51422,124],{"class":74},[60,51424,16280],{"class":120},[60,51426,1691],{"class":74},[20,51428,51429,51430,117],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[30,51431,51433],{"href":51432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[46,51435,51437],{"id":51436},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51439,51440,51441,51443],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51442,42245],{}," counts keys.",[51,51445,51447],{"className":53,"code":51446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51448,51449,51457,51475,51489,51505,51509,51513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51450,51451,51453,51455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51452,12757],{"class":66},[60,51454,71],{"class":70},[60,51456,11391],{"class":74},[60,51458,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471,51473],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51460,11396],{"class":78},[60,51462,7580],{"class":82},[60,51464,79],{"class":78},[60,51466,258],{"class":74},[60,51468,91],{"class":78},[60,51470,7833],{"class":82},[60,51472,79],{"class":78},[60,51474,11412],{"class":74},[60,51476,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51478,11396],{"class":78},[60,51480,9206],{"class":82},[60,51482,79],{"class":78},[60,51484,258],{"class":74},[60,51486,30828],{"class":357},[60,51488,11412],{"class":74},[60,51490,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51492,11396],{"class":78},[60,51494,19780],{"class":82},[60,51496,79],{"class":78},[60,51498,258],{"class":74},[60,51500,91],{"class":78},[60,51502,22133],{"class":82},[60,51504,3273],{"class":78},[60,51506,51507],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,51508,108],{"class":74},[60,51510,51511],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,51512,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51514,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,51516,140],{"class":139},[60,51518,124],{"class":74},[60,51520,11064],{"class":139},[60,51522,124],{"class":74},[60,51524,13517],{"class":120},[60,51526,5271],{"class":74},[60,51528,50656],{"class":177},[20,51530,51531,51532,51534],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51533,42245],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51536,51537,51538,51540],{},"For sets, ",[15,51539,42245],{}," counts unique items:",[51,51542,51544],{"className":53,"code":51543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51545,51546,51574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51547,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51549,350],{"class":66},[60,51551,71],{"class":70},[60,51553,75],{"class":74},[60,51555,358],{"class":357},[60,51557,88],{"class":74},[60,51559,363],{"class":357},[60,51561,88],{"class":74},[60,51563,368],{"class":357},[60,51565,88],{"class":74},[60,51567,368],{"class":357},[60,51569,88],{"class":74},[60,51571,363],{"class":357},[60,51573,108],{"class":74},[60,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51577,140],{"class":139},[60,51579,124],{"class":74},[60,51581,11064],{"class":139},[60,51583,124],{"class":74},[60,51585,380],{"class":120},[60,51587,5271],{"class":74},[60,51589,50656],{"class":177},[20,51591,51592],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51594,51595],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[51,51597,51599],{"className":53,"code":51598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51600,51601,51609,51613,51631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51602,51603,51605,51607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51604,1613],{"class":66},[60,51606,71],{"class":70},[60,51608,9744],{"class":74},[60,51610,51611],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51612,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51614,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51616,1154],{"class":1153},[60,51618,38270],{"class":139},[60,51620,124],{"class":74},[60,51622,1634],{"class":120},[60,51624,174],{"class":74},[60,51626,6319],{"class":70},[60,51628,3747],{"class":357},[60,51630,1168],{"class":74},[60,51632,51633,51635,51637,51639,51642,51644],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51634,7981],{"class":139},[60,51636,124],{"class":74},[60,51638,79],{"class":78},[60,51640,51641],{"class":82},"The dictionary is empty",[60,51643,79],{"class":78},[60,51645,133],{"class":74},[46,51647,40930],{"id":40929},[20,51649,51650,51651,117],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51652,42245],{},[337,51654,51656],{"id":51655},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[51,51658,51660],{"className":53,"code":51659,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51661,51662,51670,51674,51692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51663,51664,51666,51668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51665,486],{"class":66},[60,51667,71],{"class":70},[60,51669,7750],{"class":74},[60,51671,51672],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51673,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51675,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51677,1154],{"class":1153},[60,51679,38270],{"class":139},[60,51681,124],{"class":74},[60,51683,517],{"class":120},[60,51685,174],{"class":74},[60,51687,6319],{"class":70},[60,51689,3747],{"class":357},[60,51691,1168],{"class":74},[60,51693,51694,51696,51698,51700,51703,51705],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51695,7981],{"class":139},[60,51697,124],{"class":74},[60,51699,79],{"class":78},[60,51701,51702],{"class":82},"The list is empty",[60,51704,79],{"class":78},[60,51706,133],{"class":74},[337,51708,51710],{"id":51709},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[51,51712,51714],{"className":53,"code":51713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51715,51716,51735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51717,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51731,51733],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51719,6066],{"class":66},[60,51721,71],{"class":70},[60,51723,8155],{"class":139},[60,51725,124],{"class":74},[60,51727,79],{"class":78},[60,51729,51730],{"class":82},"Enter a word: ",[60,51732,79],{"class":78},[60,51734,133],{"class":74},[60,51736,51737,51739,51741,51743,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51738,140],{"class":139},[60,51740,124],{"class":74},[60,51742,79],{"class":78},[60,51744,51745],{"class":82},"Number of characters:",[60,51747,79],{"class":78},[60,51749,88],{"class":74},[60,51751,38270],{"class":139},[60,51753,124],{"class":74},[60,51755,38275],{"class":120},[60,51757,1691],{"class":74},[337,51759,51761],{"id":51760},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[51,51763,51765],{"className":53,"code":51764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51766,51767,51781,51785,51803,51818,51824],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51768,51769,51772,51774,51776,51779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51770,51771],{"class":66},"password ",[60,51773,71],{"class":70},[60,51775,91],{"class":78},[60,51777,51778],{"class":82},"secret123",[60,51780,3273],{"class":78},[60,51782,51783],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51784,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,51786,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,51788,1154],{"class":1153},[60,51790,38270],{"class":139},[60,51792,124],{"class":74},[60,51794,17511],{"class":120},[60,51796,174],{"class":74},[60,51798,51174],{"class":70},[60,51800,6271],{"class":357},[60,51802,1168],{"class":74},[60,51804,51805,51807,51809,51811,51814,51816],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,51806,7981],{"class":139},[60,51808,124],{"class":74},[60,51810,79],{"class":78},[60,51812,51813],{"class":82},"Password length is valid",[60,51815,79],{"class":78},[60,51817,133],{"class":74},[60,51819,51820,51822],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,51821,27319],{"class":1153},[60,51823,1168],{"class":74},[60,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51835,51837],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,51827,7981],{"class":139},[60,51829,124],{"class":74},[60,51831,79],{"class":78},[60,51833,51834],{"class":82},"Password is too short",[60,51836,79],{"class":78},[60,51838,133],{"class":74},[337,51840,51842],{"id":51841},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[51,51844,51846],{"className":53,"code":51845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51847,51848,51884],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51849,51850,51853,51855,51857,51859,51862,51864,51866,51868,51871,51873,51875,51877,51880,51882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51851,51852],{"class":66},"results ",[60,51854,71],{"class":70},[60,51856,1512],{"class":74},[60,51858,79],{"class":78},[60,51860,51861],{"class":82},"item1",[60,51863,79],{"class":78},[60,51865,88],{"class":74},[60,51867,91],{"class":78},[60,51869,51870],{"class":82},"item2",[60,51872,79],{"class":78},[60,51874,88],{"class":74},[60,51876,91],{"class":78},[60,51878,51879],{"class":82},"item3",[60,51881,79],{"class":78},[60,51883,1525],{"class":74},[60,51885,51886,51888,51890,51892,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903,51906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51887,140],{"class":139},[60,51889,124],{"class":74},[60,51891,79],{"class":78},[60,51893,51894],{"class":82},"Items found:",[60,51896,79],{"class":78},[60,51898,88],{"class":74},[60,51900,38270],{"class":139},[60,51902,124],{"class":74},[60,51904,51905],{"class":120},"results",[60,51907,1691],{"class":74},[20,51909,51910],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[46,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51916,51917,51919],{},[15,51918,42245],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51921,51922,51923,258],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51924,2919],{},[260,51926,51927,51930,51933],{},[263,51928,51929],{},"plain integers",[263,51931,51932],{},"floats",[263,51934,51935],{},[15,51936,277],{},[20,51938,2127],{},[51,51940,51942],{"className":53,"code":51941,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51943,51944],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51945,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51947,140],{"class":139},[60,51949,124],{"class":74},[60,51951,11064],{"class":139},[60,51953,124],{"class":74},[60,51955,2056],{"class":357},[60,51957,1691],{"class":74},[20,51959,51960,51961,51963],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51962,2056],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51965,51966],{},"Another example:",[51,51968,51970],{"className":53,"code":51969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51971,51972],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51973,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51975,140],{"class":139},[60,51977,124],{"class":74},[60,51979,11064],{"class":139},[60,51981,124],{"class":74},[60,51983,40028],{"class":357},[60,51985,1691],{"class":74},[20,51987,51988,51989,258],{},"And with ",[15,51990,277],{},[51,51992,51994],{"className":53,"code":51993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51995,51996,52004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51997,51998,52000,52002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51999,1700],{"class":66},[60,52001,71],{"class":70},[60,52003,48412],{"class":734},[60,52005,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52007,140],{"class":139},[60,52009,124],{"class":74},[60,52011,11064],{"class":139},[60,52013,124],{"class":74},[60,52015,315],{"class":120},[60,52017,1691],{"class":74},[20,52019,52020,52021,117],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[30,52022,52024],{"href":52023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[46,52026,52028],{"id":52027},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52030,52031,52032,52034],{},"Before using ",[15,52033,42245],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52036,52037],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[51,52039,52041],{"className":53,"code":52040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52042,52043,52051,52055,52065,52079,52097,52115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52044,52045,52047,52049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52046,1700],{"class":66},[60,52048,71],{"class":70},[60,52050,48412],{"class":734},[60,52052,52053],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52054,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52056,52057,52059,52061,52063],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52058,140],{"class":139},[60,52060,124],{"class":74},[60,52062,315],{"class":120},[60,52064,133],{"class":74},[60,52066,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52068,140],{"class":139},[60,52070,124],{"class":74},[60,52072,1684],{"class":1683},[60,52074,124],{"class":74},[60,52076,315],{"class":120},[60,52078,1691],{"class":74},[60,52080,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093,52095],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,52082,140],{"class":139},[60,52084,124],{"class":74},[60,52086,48760],{"class":139},[60,52088,124],{"class":74},[60,52090,315],{"class":120},[60,52092,88],{"class":74},[60,52094,48789],{"class":1683},[60,52096,1691],{"class":74},[60,52098,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,52100,140],{"class":139},[60,52102,124],{"class":74},[60,52104,48760],{"class":139},[60,52106,124],{"class":74},[60,52108,315],{"class":120},[60,52110,88],{"class":74},[60,52112,22446],{"class":1683},[60,52114,1691],{"class":74},[60,52116,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,52118,140],{"class":139},[60,52120,124],{"class":74},[60,52122,48760],{"class":139},[60,52124,124],{"class":74},[60,52126,315],{"class":120},[60,52128,88],{"class":74},[60,52130,9079],{"class":1683},[60,52132,1691],{"class":74},[20,52134,52135],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52137,52138],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[51,52140,52142],{"className":53,"code":52141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52143,52144,52156,52160,52174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52145,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52147,1700],{"class":66},[60,52149,71],{"class":70},[60,52151,91],{"class":78},[60,52153,3759],{"class":82},[60,52155,3273],{"class":78},[60,52157,52158],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52159,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52163,1154],{"class":1153},[60,52165,21473],{"class":66},[60,52167,12088],{"class":70},[60,52169,8012],{"class":70},[60,52171,3766],{"class":734},[60,52173,1168],{"class":74},[60,52175,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184,52186],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52177,7981],{"class":139},[60,52179,124],{"class":74},[60,52181,11064],{"class":139},[60,52183,124],{"class":74},[60,52185,315],{"class":120},[60,52187,1691],{"class":74},[20,52189,52190,52191,117],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[30,52192,8356],{"href":2218},[46,52194,1245],{"id":1244},[20,52196,22981,52197,258],{},[15,52198,42245],{},[260,52200,52201,52209,52217,52225,52231],{},[263,52202,8331,52203,52205,52206],{},[15,52204,42245],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52207,52208],{},"len(5)",[263,52210,8331,52211,52213,52214],{},[15,52212,42245],{}," on a float like ",[15,52215,52216],{},"len(3.14)",[263,52218,8331,52219,52221,52222,52224],{},[15,52220,42245],{}," on ",[15,52223,277],{}," after a function returns nothing",[263,52226,4490,52227,52230],{},[15,52228,52229],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[263,52232,52233],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52235,52236],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[51,52238,52240],{"className":53,"code":52239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52241,52242,52278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52243,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52245,13095],{"class":66},[60,52247,71],{"class":70},[60,52249,75],{"class":74},[60,52251,79],{"class":78},[60,52253,7580],{"class":82},[60,52255,79],{"class":78},[60,52257,258],{"class":74},[60,52259,91],{"class":78},[60,52261,12774],{"class":82},[60,52263,79],{"class":78},[60,52265,88],{"class":74},[60,52267,91],{"class":78},[60,52269,9206],{"class":82},[60,52271,79],{"class":78},[60,52273,258],{"class":74},[60,52275,7702],{"class":357},[60,52277,108],{"class":74},[60,52279,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52281,140],{"class":139},[60,52283,124],{"class":74},[60,52285,11064],{"class":139},[60,52287,124],{"class":74},[60,52289,17198],{"class":120},[60,52291,5271],{"class":74},[60,52293,51301],{"class":177},[20,52295,37478,52296,52298,52299,1776,52301,117],{},[15,52297,1303],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52300,15131],{},[15,52302,52303],{},"\"age\"",[20,52305,52306],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[51,52308,52310],{"className":53,"code":52309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52311,52312,52325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320,52323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52315,34573],{"class":66},[60,52317,71],{"class":70},[60,52319,91],{"class":78},[60,52321,52322],{"class":82},"a b",[60,52324,3273],{"class":78},[60,52326,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52328,140],{"class":139},[60,52330,124],{"class":74},[60,52332,11064],{"class":139},[60,52334,124],{"class":74},[60,52336,34594],{"class":120},[60,52338,5271],{"class":74},[60,52340,50656],{"class":177},[20,52342,52343],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[46,52345,1746],{"id":1745},[337,52347,52349],{"id":52348},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52351,52352],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[337,52354,52356],{"id":52355},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52358,52359],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[337,52361,52363],{"id":52362},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52365,52366],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[337,52368,52370],{"id":52369},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52372,52373,52374,52376,52377,288,52379,52381,52382,117],{},"No. Using ",[15,52375,42245],{}," on an ",[15,52378,2108],{},[15,52380,2111],{}," raises a ",[15,52383,2919],{},[337,52385,52387],{"id":52386},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52389,7675,52390,117],{},[15,52391,52392],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52394,2127],{},[51,52396,52398],{"className":53,"code":52397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52399,52400,52408,52412,52430],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52401,52402,52404,52406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52403,8221],{"class":66},[60,52405,71],{"class":70},[60,52407,7750],{"class":74},[60,52409,52410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52411,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52413,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52415,1154],{"class":1153},[60,52417,38270],{"class":139},[60,52419,124],{"class":74},[60,52421,8252],{"class":120},[60,52423,174],{"class":74},[60,52425,6319],{"class":70},[60,52427,3747],{"class":357},[60,52429,1168],{"class":74},[60,52431,52432,52434,52436,52438,52441,52443],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52433,7981],{"class":139},[60,52435,124],{"class":74},[60,52437,79],{"class":78},[60,52439,52440],{"class":82},"Empty list",[60,52442,79],{"class":78},[60,52444,133],{"class":74},[20,52446,52447,52448,52450,52451,52453,52454,52456],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52449,3588],{}," in an ",[15,52452,1154],{}," statement, but ",[15,52455,42245],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[46,52458,1808],{"id":1807},[260,52460,52461,52465,52469,52473,52478,52482,52488],{},[263,52462,52463],{},[30,52464,50862],{"href":50861},[263,52466,52467],{},[30,52468,50866],{"href":50865},[263,52470,52471],{},[30,52472,9065],{"href":9064},[263,52474,52475],{},[30,52476,52477],{"href":51432},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[263,52479,52480],{},[30,52481,8356],{"href":2218},[263,52483,52484],{},[30,52485,52487],{"href":52486},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[263,52489,52490],{},[30,52491,52492],{"href":52023},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1841,52494,52495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":52497},[52498,52499,52500,52501,52502,52503,52504,52510,52511,52512,52513,52520],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":50664,"depth":111,"text":50665},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":51009,"depth":111,"text":51010},{"id":51196,"depth":111,"text":51197},{"id":51436,"depth":111,"text":51437},{"id":40929,"depth":111,"text":40930,"children":52505},[52506,52507,52508,52509],{"id":51655,"depth":136,"text":51656},{"id":51709,"depth":136,"text":51710},{"id":51760,"depth":136,"text":51761},{"id":51841,"depth":136,"text":51842},{"id":51913,"depth":111,"text":51914},{"id":52027,"depth":111,"text":52028},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":52514},[52515,52516,52517,52518,52519],{"id":52348,"depth":136,"text":52349},{"id":52355,"depth":136,"text":52356},{"id":52362,"depth":136,"text":52363},{"id":52369,"depth":136,"text":52370},{"id":52386,"depth":136,"text":52387},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50547,"description":52521},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52528,"title":52529,"body":52530,"description":54214,"extension":1883,"meta":54215,"navigation":152,"path":54216,"seo":54217,"stem":54218,"__hash__":54219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52531,"toc":54187},[52532,52535,52549,52555,52557,52611,52616,52620,52636,52639,52653,52659,52661,52664,52683,52699,52701,52776,52778,52815,52826,52828,52831,52892,52894,52927,52930,52936,52940,52943,53068,53070,53129,53137,53190,53192,53219,53225,53235,53239,53242,53247,53299,53301,53327,53333,53387,53389,53414,53417,53441,53447,53449,53453,53455,53512,53514,53522,53524,53546,53548,53601,53603,53627,53631,53633,53672,53674,53682,53688,53692,53744,53746,53772,53780,53784,53789,53798,53800,53866,53868,53900,53904,53909,53911,53925,53928,54001,54003,54029,54031,54035,54042,54046,54053,54057,54060,54062,54115,54117,54143,54147,54156,54158,54184],[10,52533,52529],{"id":52534},"python-list-append-method",[20,52536,1900,52537,52540,52541,52544,52545,52548],{},[15,52538,52539],{},"append()"," method adds ",[41,52542,52543],{},"one item"," to the ",[41,52546,52547],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52550,52551,52552,52554],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[41,52553,43],{}," create a new list.",[46,52556,3525],{"id":3524},[51,52558,52560],{"className":53,"code":52559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52561,52562,52582,52596,52606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52563,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52565,350],{"class":66},[60,52567,71],{"class":70},[60,52569,1512],{"class":74},[60,52571,358],{"class":357},[60,52573,88],{"class":74},[60,52575,363],{"class":357},[60,52577,88],{"class":74},[60,52579,368],{"class":357},[60,52581,1525],{"class":74},[60,52583,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592,52594],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52585,380],{"class":66},[60,52587,117],{"class":74},[60,52589,13444],{"class":120},[60,52591,124],{"class":74},[60,52593,2421],{"class":357},[60,52595,133],{"class":74},[60,52597,52598,52600,52602,52604],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52599,140],{"class":139},[60,52601,124],{"class":74},[60,52603,380],{"class":120},[60,52605,133],{"class":74},[60,52607,52608],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52609,52610],{"class":177},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52612,243,52613,52615],{},[15,52614,52539],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[46,52617,52619],{"id":52618},"what-append-does","What append() does",[260,52621,52622,52627,52630,52633],{},[263,52623,52624,52626],{},[15,52625,52539],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[263,52628,52629],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[263,52631,52632],{},"It does not create a new list",[263,52634,52635],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52637,52638],{},"This means you can append:",[260,52640,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651],{},[263,52642,380],{},[263,52644,5218],{},[263,52646,40478],{},[263,52648,5209],{},[263,52650,7162],{},[263,52652,34547],{},[20,52654,52655,52656,117],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[30,52657,52658],{"href":50865},"Python lists explained for beginners",[46,52660,5341],{"id":5340},[20,52662,52663],{},"Basic form:",[51,52665,52667],{"className":53,"code":52666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52668,52669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52670,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52672,8252],{"class":66},[60,52674,117],{"class":74},[60,52676,13444],{"class":120},[60,52678,124],{"class":74},[60,52680,23197],{"class":120},[60,52682,133],{"class":74},[260,52684,52685,52690,52695],{},[263,52686,52687,52689],{},[15,52688,8252],{}," is the list you want to change",[263,52691,52692,52694],{},[15,52693,23197],{}," is the value or object to add",[263,52696,11805,52697],{},[15,52698,277],{},[20,52700,2127],{},[51,52702,52704],{"className":53,"code":52703,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52705,52706,52730,52752,52756,52766],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52707,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52709,852],{"class":66},[60,52711,71],{"class":70},[60,52713,1512],{"class":74},[60,52715,79],{"class":78},[60,52717,495],{"class":82},[60,52719,79],{"class":78},[60,52721,88],{"class":74},[60,52723,91],{"class":78},[60,52725,504],{"class":82},[60,52727,79],{"class":78},[60,52729,1525],{"class":74},[60,52731,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52733,688],{"class":66},[60,52735,71],{"class":70},[60,52737,902],{"class":66},[60,52739,117],{"class":74},[60,52741,13444],{"class":120},[60,52743,124],{"class":74},[60,52745,79],{"class":78},[60,52747,528],{"class":82},[60,52749,79],{"class":78},[60,52751,133],{"class":74},[60,52753,52754],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52755,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52757,52758,52760,52762,52764],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52759,140],{"class":139},[60,52761,124],{"class":74},[60,52763,913],{"class":120},[60,52765,133],{"class":74},[60,52767,52768,52770,52772,52774],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,52769,140],{"class":139},[60,52771,124],{"class":74},[60,52773,720],{"class":120},[60,52775,133],{"class":74},[20,52777,404],{},[51,52779,52781],{"className":53,"code":52780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52782,52783,52811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52784,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52786,3812],{"class":74},[60,52788,205],{"class":78},[60,52790,495],{"class":82},[60,52792,205],{"class":78},[60,52794,88],{"class":74},[60,52796,214],{"class":78},[60,52798,504],{"class":82},[60,52800,205],{"class":78},[60,52802,88],{"class":74},[60,52804,214],{"class":78},[60,52806,528],{"class":82},[60,52808,205],{"class":78},[60,52810,1525],{"class":74},[60,52812,52813],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52814,727],{"class":734},[20,52816,52817,52818,52820,52821,52823,52824,117],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52819,52539],{}," updates ",[15,52822,913],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52825,277],{},[46,52827,839],{"id":838},[20,52829,52830],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[51,52832,52834],{"className":53,"code":52833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52835,52836,52860,52878,52882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52837,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52839,67],{"class":66},[60,52841,71],{"class":70},[60,52843,1512],{"class":74},[60,52845,79],{"class":78},[60,52847,83],{"class":82},[60,52849,79],{"class":78},[60,52851,88],{"class":74},[60,52853,91],{"class":78},[60,52855,94],{"class":82},[60,52857,79],{"class":78},[60,52859,1525],{"class":74},[60,52861,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52863,114],{"class":66},[60,52865,117],{"class":74},[60,52867,13444],{"class":120},[60,52869,124],{"class":74},[60,52871,79],{"class":78},[60,52873,103],{"class":82},[60,52875,79],{"class":78},[60,52877,133],{"class":74},[60,52879,52880],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52881,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52885,140],{"class":139},[60,52887,124],{"class":74},[60,52889,114],{"class":120},[60,52891,133],{"class":74},[20,52893,404],{},[51,52895,52897],{"className":53,"code":52896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52898,52899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52900,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52902,3812],{"class":74},[60,52904,205],{"class":78},[60,52906,83],{"class":82},[60,52908,205],{"class":78},[60,52910,88],{"class":74},[60,52912,214],{"class":78},[60,52914,94],{"class":82},[60,52916,205],{"class":78},[60,52918,88],{"class":74},[60,52920,214],{"class":78},[60,52922,103],{"class":82},[60,52924,205],{"class":78},[60,52926,1525],{"class":74},[20,52928,52929],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52931,30968,52932,117],{},[30,52933,52935],{"href":52934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[46,52937,52939],{"id":52938},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52941,52942],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[51,52944,52946],{"className":53,"code":52945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52947,52948,52956,52960,52974,52992,53006,53032,53054,53058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52949,52950,52952,52954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52951,486],{"class":66},[60,52953,71],{"class":70},[60,52955,7750],{"class":74},[60,52957,52958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52959,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,52961,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,52963,517],{"class":66},[60,52965,117],{"class":74},[60,52967,13444],{"class":120},[60,52969,124],{"class":74},[60,52971,2250],{"class":357},[60,52973,133],{"class":74},[60,52975,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,52977,517],{"class":66},[60,52979,117],{"class":74},[60,52981,13444],{"class":120},[60,52983,124],{"class":74},[60,52985,79],{"class":78},[60,52987,3759],{"class":82},[60,52989,79],{"class":78},[60,52991,133],{"class":74},[60,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,52995,517],{"class":66},[60,52997,117],{"class":74},[60,52999,13444],{"class":120},[60,53001,124],{"class":74},[60,53003,3520],{"class":734},[60,53005,133],{"class":74},[60,53007,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,53009,517],{"class":66},[60,53011,117],{"class":74},[60,53013,13444],{"class":120},[60,53015,5440],{"class":74},[60,53017,79],{"class":78},[60,53019,7580],{"class":82},[60,53021,79],{"class":78},[60,53023,258],{"class":74},[60,53025,91],{"class":78},[60,53027,7589],{"class":82},[60,53029,79],{"class":78},[60,53031,30381],{"class":74},[60,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,53035,517],{"class":66},[60,53037,117],{"class":74},[60,53039,13444],{"class":120},[60,53041,1641],{"class":74},[60,53043,358],{"class":357},[60,53045,88],{"class":74},[60,53047,363],{"class":357},[60,53049,88],{"class":74},[60,53051,368],{"class":357},[60,53053,1646],{"class":74},[60,53055,53056],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,53057,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,53061,140],{"class":139},[60,53063,124],{"class":74},[60,53065,517],{"class":120},[60,53067,133],{"class":74},[20,53069,404],{},[51,53071,53073],{"className":53,"code":53072,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53074,53075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53076,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53078,3812],{"class":74},[60,53080,2250],{"class":357},[60,53082,88],{"class":74},[60,53084,214],{"class":78},[60,53086,3759],{"class":82},[60,53088,205],{"class":78},[60,53090,88],{"class":74},[60,53092,3828],{"class":734},[60,53094,88],{"class":74},[60,53096,75],{"class":74},[60,53098,205],{"class":78},[60,53100,7580],{"class":82},[60,53102,205],{"class":78},[60,53104,258],{"class":74},[60,53106,214],{"class":78},[60,53108,7589],{"class":82},[60,53110,205],{"class":78},[60,53112,53113],{"class":74},"},",[60,53115,1512],{"class":74},[60,53117,358],{"class":357},[60,53119,88],{"class":74},[60,53121,363],{"class":357},[60,53123,88],{"class":74},[60,53125,368],{"class":357},[60,53127,53128],{"class":74},"]]\n",[20,53130,53131,53132,1324,53134,117],{},"A list added with ",[15,53133,52539],{},[41,53135,53136],{},"one single item",[51,53138,53140],{"className":53,"code":53139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53141,53142,53158,53176,53180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53143,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53145,350],{"class":66},[60,53147,71],{"class":70},[60,53149,1512],{"class":74},[60,53151,358],{"class":357},[60,53153,88],{"class":74},[60,53155,363],{"class":357},[60,53157,1525],{"class":74},[60,53159,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53161,380],{"class":66},[60,53163,117],{"class":74},[60,53165,13444],{"class":120},[60,53167,1641],{"class":74},[60,53169,389],{"class":357},[60,53171,88],{"class":74},[60,53173,373],{"class":357},[60,53175,1646],{"class":74},[60,53177,53178],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53179,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53183,140],{"class":139},[60,53185,124],{"class":74},[60,53187,380],{"class":120},[60,53189,133],{"class":74},[20,53191,404],{},[51,53193,53195],{"className":53,"code":53194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53196,53197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53200,3812],{"class":74},[60,53202,358],{"class":357},[60,53204,88],{"class":74},[60,53206,363],{"class":357},[60,53208,88],{"class":74},[60,53210,1512],{"class":74},[60,53212,389],{"class":357},[60,53214,88],{"class":74},[60,53216,373],{"class":357},[60,53218,53128],{"class":74},[20,53220,2205,53221,53224],{},[15,53222,53223],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53226,53227,53228,53234],{},"This is different from ",[30,53229,53231],{"href":53230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53232,53233],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[46,53236,53238],{"id":53237},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53240,53241],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[337,53243,8331,53245],{"id":53244},"using-append",[15,53246,52539],{},[51,53248,53249],{"className":53,"code":53139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53250,53251,53267,53285,53289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53252,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53254,350],{"class":66},[60,53256,71],{"class":70},[60,53258,1512],{"class":74},[60,53260,358],{"class":357},[60,53262,88],{"class":74},[60,53264,363],{"class":357},[60,53266,1525],{"class":74},[60,53268,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53270,380],{"class":66},[60,53272,117],{"class":74},[60,53274,13444],{"class":120},[60,53276,1641],{"class":74},[60,53278,389],{"class":357},[60,53280,88],{"class":74},[60,53282,373],{"class":357},[60,53284,1646],{"class":74},[60,53286,53287],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53288,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53290,53291,53293,53295,53297],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53292,140],{"class":139},[60,53294,124],{"class":74},[60,53296,380],{"class":120},[60,53298,133],{"class":74},[20,53300,404],{},[51,53302,53303],{"className":53,"code":53194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53304,53305],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53306,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53308,3812],{"class":74},[60,53310,358],{"class":357},[60,53312,88],{"class":74},[60,53314,363],{"class":357},[60,53316,88],{"class":74},[60,53318,1512],{"class":74},[60,53320,389],{"class":357},[60,53322,88],{"class":74},[60,53324,373],{"class":357},[60,53326,53128],{"class":74},[337,53328,8331,53330],{"id":53329},"using-extend",[15,53331,53332],{},"extend()",[51,53334,53336],{"className":53,"code":53335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53337,53338,53354,53373,53377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53339,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53341,350],{"class":66},[60,53343,71],{"class":70},[60,53345,1512],{"class":74},[60,53347,358],{"class":357},[60,53349,88],{"class":74},[60,53351,363],{"class":357},[60,53353,1525],{"class":74},[60,53355,53356,53358,53360,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53357,380],{"class":66},[60,53359,117],{"class":74},[60,53361,53362],{"class":120},"extend",[60,53364,1641],{"class":74},[60,53366,389],{"class":357},[60,53368,88],{"class":74},[60,53370,373],{"class":357},[60,53372,1646],{"class":74},[60,53374,53375],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53376,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53378,53379,53381,53383,53385],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53380,140],{"class":139},[60,53382,124],{"class":74},[60,53384,380],{"class":120},[60,53386,133],{"class":74},[20,53388,404],{},[51,53390,53392],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53393,53394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53397,3812],{"class":74},[60,53399,358],{"class":357},[60,53401,88],{"class":74},[60,53403,363],{"class":357},[60,53405,88],{"class":74},[60,53407,368],{"class":357},[60,53409,88],{"class":74},[60,53411,373],{"class":357},[60,53413,1525],{"class":74},[20,53415,53416],{},"The difference:",[260,53418,53419,53425,53431,53436],{},[263,53420,53421,53424],{},[15,53422,53423],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[263,53426,53427,53430],{},[15,53428,53429],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[263,53432,243,53433,53435],{},[15,53434,52539],{}," for one item",[263,53437,243,53438,53440],{},[15,53439,53332],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53442,53443,53444,117],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[30,53445,53446],{"href":53230},"Python list extend() method",[46,53448,4430],{"id":4429},[337,53450,53452],{"id":53451},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53454,25576],{},[51,53456,53458],{"className":53,"code":53457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53459,53460,53480,53498,53502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53461,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53463,486],{"class":66},[60,53465,71],{"class":70},[60,53467,1512],{"class":74},[60,53469,358],{"class":357},[60,53471,88],{"class":74},[60,53473,363],{"class":357},[60,53475,88],{"class":74},[60,53477,368],{"class":357},[60,53479,1525],{"class":74},[60,53481,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53483,486],{"class":66},[60,53485,71],{"class":70},[60,53487,5877],{"class":66},[60,53489,117],{"class":74},[60,53491,13444],{"class":120},[60,53493,124],{"class":74},[60,53495,2421],{"class":357},[60,53497,133],{"class":74},[60,53499,53500],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53501,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53503,53504,53506,53508,53510],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53505,140],{"class":139},[60,53507,124],{"class":74},[60,53509,517],{"class":120},[60,53511,133],{"class":74},[20,53513,404],{},[51,53515,53516],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53517,53518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53519,53520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53521,727],{"class":734},[20,53523,11794],{},[260,53525,53526,53531,53537],{},[263,53527,53528,53530],{},[15,53529,52539],{}," changes the list in place",[263,53532,53533,641,53535],{},[15,53534,52539],{},[15,53536,277],{},[263,53538,53539,53540,53543,53544],{},"So ",[15,53541,53542],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53545,277],{},[20,53547,10711],{},[51,53549,53551],{"className":53,"code":53550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53552,53553,53573,53587,53591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53554,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53556,486],{"class":66},[60,53558,71],{"class":70},[60,53560,1512],{"class":74},[60,53562,358],{"class":357},[60,53564,88],{"class":74},[60,53566,363],{"class":357},[60,53568,88],{"class":74},[60,53570,368],{"class":357},[60,53572,1525],{"class":74},[60,53574,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53576,517],{"class":66},[60,53578,117],{"class":74},[60,53580,13444],{"class":120},[60,53582,124],{"class":74},[60,53584,2421],{"class":357},[60,53586,133],{"class":74},[60,53588,53589],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53590,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53592,53593,53595,53597,53599],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53594,140],{"class":139},[60,53596,124],{"class":74},[60,53598,517],{"class":120},[60,53600,133],{"class":74},[20,53602,404],{},[51,53604,53605],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53606,53607],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53608,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53610,3812],{"class":74},[60,53612,358],{"class":357},[60,53614,88],{"class":74},[60,53616,363],{"class":357},[60,53618,88],{"class":74},[60,53620,368],{"class":357},[60,53622,88],{"class":74},[60,53624,373],{"class":357},[60,53626,1525],{"class":74},[337,53628,53630],{"id":53629},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53632,18803],{},[51,53634,53636],{"className":53,"code":53635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53637,53638,53662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53641,31768],{"class":66},[60,53643,71],{"class":70},[60,53645,1512],{"class":74},[60,53647,358],{"class":357},[60,53649,88],{"class":74},[60,53651,363],{"class":357},[60,53653,13441],{"class":74},[60,53655,13444],{"class":120},[60,53657,124],{"class":74},[60,53659,389],{"class":357},[60,53661,133],{"class":74},[60,53663,53664,53666,53668,53670],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53665,140],{"class":139},[60,53667,124],{"class":74},[60,53669,31787],{"class":120},[60,53671,133],{"class":74},[20,53673,404],{},[51,53675,53676],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53677,53678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53679,53680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53681,727],{"class":734},[20,53683,53684,53685,53687],{},"Remember: ",[15,53686,52539],{}," updates the list you already have.",[337,53689,53691],{"id":53690},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[51,53693,53694],{"className":53,"code":53139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53695,53696,53712,53730,53734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53697,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53699,350],{"class":66},[60,53701,71],{"class":70},[60,53703,1512],{"class":74},[60,53705,358],{"class":357},[60,53707,88],{"class":74},[60,53709,363],{"class":357},[60,53711,1525],{"class":74},[60,53713,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53715,380],{"class":66},[60,53717,117],{"class":74},[60,53719,13444],{"class":120},[60,53721,1641],{"class":74},[60,53723,389],{"class":357},[60,53725,88],{"class":74},[60,53727,373],{"class":357},[60,53729,1646],{"class":74},[60,53731,53732],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53733,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53735,53736,53738,53740,53742],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53737,140],{"class":139},[60,53739,124],{"class":74},[60,53741,380],{"class":120},[60,53743,133],{"class":74},[20,53745,404],{},[51,53747,53748],{"className":53,"code":53194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53749,53750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53753,3812],{"class":74},[60,53755,358],{"class":357},[60,53757,88],{"class":74},[60,53759,363],{"class":357},[60,53761,88],{"class":74},[60,53763,1512],{"class":74},[60,53765,389],{"class":357},[60,53767,88],{"class":74},[60,53769,373],{"class":357},[60,53771,53128],{"class":74},[20,53773,3084,53774,53777,53778,6542],{},[15,53775,53776],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53779,53332],{},[337,53781,53783],{"id":53782},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53785,53786,53788],{},[15,53787,52539],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53790,53791,53792,117],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[30,53793,53795],{"href":53794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53796,53797],{},"list.insert()",[20,53799,2127],{},[51,53801,53803],{"className":53,"code":53802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53804,53805,53829,53852,53856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53806,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53808,1411],{"class":66},[60,53810,71],{"class":70},[60,53812,1512],{"class":74},[60,53814,79],{"class":78},[60,53816,30],{"class":82},[60,53818,79],{"class":78},[60,53820,88],{"class":74},[60,53822,91],{"class":78},[60,53824,1437],{"class":82},[60,53826,79],{"class":78},[60,53828,1525],{"class":74},[60,53830,53831,53833,53835,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53832,1446],{"class":66},[60,53834,117],{"class":74},[60,53836,53837],{"class":120},"insert",[60,53839,124],{"class":74},[60,53841,358],{"class":357},[60,53843,88],{"class":74},[60,53845,91],{"class":78},[60,53847,1428],{"class":82},[60,53849,79],{"class":78},[60,53851,133],{"class":74},[60,53853,53854],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53855,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53859,140],{"class":139},[60,53861,124],{"class":74},[60,53863,1446],{"class":120},[60,53865,133],{"class":74},[20,53867,404],{},[51,53869,53870],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,53871,53872],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53873,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53875,3812],{"class":74},[60,53877,205],{"class":78},[60,53879,30],{"class":82},[60,53881,205],{"class":78},[60,53883,88],{"class":74},[60,53885,214],{"class":78},[60,53887,1428],{"class":82},[60,53889,205],{"class":78},[60,53891,88],{"class":74},[60,53893,214],{"class":78},[60,53895,1437],{"class":82},[60,53897,205],{"class":78},[60,53899,1525],{"class":74},[46,53901,53903],{"id":53902},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53905,53906,53908],{},[15,53907,52539],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53910,36309],{},[260,53912,53913,53916,53919,53922],{},[263,53914,53915],{},"building a list in a loop",[263,53917,53918],{},"collecting user input",[263,53920,53921],{},"storing results step by step",[263,53923,53924],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53926,53927],{},"Example with a loop:",[51,53929,53931],{"className":53,"code":53930,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53932,53933,53942,53946,53967,53986,53990],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53934,53935,53938,53940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53936,53937],{"class":66},"squares ",[60,53939,71],{"class":70},[60,53941,7750],{"class":74},[60,53943,53944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53945,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53947,53948,53950,53952,53954,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,53949,5869],{"class":1153},[60,53951,6298],{"class":66},[60,53953,1703],{"class":1153},[60,53955,53956],{"class":139}," range",[60,53958,124],{"class":74},[60,53960,358],{"class":357},[60,53962,88],{"class":74},[60,53964,4516],{"class":357},[60,53966,8255],{"class":74},[60,53968,53969,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980,53982,53984],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,53970,53971],{"class":66},"    squares",[60,53973,117],{"class":74},[60,53975,13444],{"class":120},[60,53977,124],{"class":74},[60,53979,2137],{"class":120},[60,53981,39757],{"class":70},[60,53983,2116],{"class":120},[60,53985,133],{"class":74},[60,53987,53988],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,53989,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,53991,53992,53994,53996,53999],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,53993,140],{"class":139},[60,53995,124],{"class":74},[60,53997,53998],{"class":120},"squares",[60,54000,133],{"class":74},[20,54002,404],{},[51,54004,54006],{"className":53,"code":54005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54007,54008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54009,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54023,54025,54027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54011,3812],{"class":74},[60,54013,358],{"class":357},[60,54015,88],{"class":74},[60,54017,373],{"class":357},[60,54019,88],{"class":74},[60,54021,54022],{"class":357}," 9",[60,54024,88],{"class":74},[60,54026,13879],{"class":357},[60,54028,1525],{"class":74},[46,54030,1746],{"id":1745},[337,54032,54034],{"id":54033},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54036,1801,54037,54039,54040,117],{},[15,54038,52539],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54041,277],{},[337,54043,54045],{"id":54044},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54047,54048,54049,117],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[30,54050,54051],{"href":53230},[15,54052,53332],{},[337,54054,54056],{"id":54055},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54058,54059],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54061,2127],{},[51,54063,54065],{"className":53,"code":54064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54066,54067,54083,54101,54105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54068,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54070,1613],{"class":66},[60,54072,71],{"class":70},[60,54074,1512],{"class":74},[60,54076,358],{"class":357},[60,54078,88],{"class":74},[60,54080,363],{"class":357},[60,54082,1525],{"class":74},[60,54084,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54086,1634],{"class":66},[60,54088,117],{"class":74},[60,54090,13444],{"class":120},[60,54092,1641],{"class":74},[60,54094,389],{"class":357},[60,54096,88],{"class":74},[60,54098,373],{"class":357},[60,54100,1646],{"class":74},[60,54102,54103],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54104,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54108,140],{"class":139},[60,54110,124],{"class":74},[60,54112,1634],{"class":120},[60,54114,133],{"class":74},[20,54116,404],{},[51,54118,54119],{"className":53,"code":53194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54120,54121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139,54141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54124,3812],{"class":74},[60,54126,358],{"class":357},[60,54128,88],{"class":74},[60,54130,363],{"class":357},[60,54132,88],{"class":74},[60,54134,1512],{"class":74},[60,54136,389],{"class":357},[60,54138,88],{"class":74},[60,54140,373],{"class":357},[60,54142,53128],{"class":74},[337,54144,54146],{"id":54145},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54148,54149,54151,54152,54155],{},[15,54150,52539],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54153,54154],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[46,54157,1808],{"id":1807},[260,54159,54160,54165,54169,54174,54178],{},[263,54161,54162],{},[30,54163,54164],{"href":52934},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[263,54166,54167],{},[30,54168,53446],{"href":53230},[263,54170,54171],{},[30,54172,54173],{"href":53794},"Python list insert() method",[263,54175,54176],{},[30,54177,52658],{"href":50865},[263,54179,54180],{},[30,54181,54183],{"href":54182},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1841,54185,54186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":54188},[54189,54190,54191,54192,54193,54194,54200,54206,54207,54213],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":52618,"depth":111,"text":52619},{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":52938,"depth":111,"text":52939},{"id":53237,"depth":111,"text":53238,"children":54195},[54196,54198],{"id":53244,"depth":136,"text":54197},"Using append()",{"id":53329,"depth":136,"text":54199},"Using extend()",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":54201},[54202,54203,54204,54205],{"id":53451,"depth":136,"text":53452},{"id":53629,"depth":136,"text":53630},{"id":53690,"depth":136,"text":53691},{"id":53782,"depth":136,"text":53783},{"id":53902,"depth":111,"text":53903},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":54208},[54209,54210,54211,54212],{"id":54033,"depth":136,"text":54034},{"id":54044,"depth":136,"text":54045},{"id":54055,"depth":136,"text":54056},{"id":54145,"depth":136,"text":54146},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52529,"description":54214},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54221,"title":54222,"body":54223,"description":55466,"extension":1883,"meta":55467,"navigation":152,"path":55468,"seo":55469,"stem":55470,"__hash__":55471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54224,"toc":55431},[54225,54231,54237,54243,54245,54293,54298,54303,54307,54323,54329,54331,54334,54349,54351,54362,54364,54366,54423,54425,54433,54435,54451,54457,54459,54465,54469,54553,54556,54605,54612,54620,54623,54637,54650,54656,54731,54738,54745,54819,54827,54830,54841,54850,54854,54858,54869,54871,54948,54969,54971,54981,54984,55032,55034,55055,55058,55060,55111,55117,55124,55191,55197,55203,55206,55233,55238,55244,55247,55319,55322,55333,55339,55341,55347,55350,55356,55362,55369,55377,55383,55389,55391,55428],[10,54226,54228,54229,18],{"id":54227},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54230,11222],{},[20,54232,54233,54236],{},[15,54234,54235],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54238,54239,54240,54242],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[41,54241,11234],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[46,54244,3525],{"id":3524},[51,54246,54248],{"className":53,"code":54247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54249,54250,54270,54280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54251,54252,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54253,486],{"class":66},[60,54255,71],{"class":70},[60,54257,1512],{"class":74},[60,54259,358],{"class":357},[60,54261,88],{"class":74},[60,54263,363],{"class":357},[60,54265,88],{"class":74},[60,54267,368],{"class":357},[60,54269,1525],{"class":74},[60,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54273,517],{"class":66},[60,54275,117],{"class":74},[60,54277,11283],{"class":120},[60,54279,8555],{"class":74},[60,54281,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54283,140],{"class":139},[60,54285,124],{"class":74},[60,54287,517],{"class":120},[60,54289,174],{"class":74},[60,54291,54292],{"class":177},"  # []\n",[20,54294,243,54295,54297],{},[15,54296,11222],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[46,54299,250,54301,253],{"id":54300},"what-listclear-does",[15,54302,54235],{},[20,54304,54305,258],{},[15,54306,54235],{},[260,54308,54309,54312,54315,54320],{},[263,54310,54311],{},"Removes every item from a list",[263,54313,54314],{},"Changes the original list in place",[263,54316,54317,54318],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54319,3700],{},[263,54321,54322],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54324,54325,54326,54328],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54327,11222],{},", but it contains no values.",[46,54330,296],{"id":295},[20,54332,54333],{},"Syntax:",[51,54335,54337],{"className":53,"code":54336,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54338,54339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54340,54341,54343,54345,54347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54342,8252],{"class":66},[60,54344,117],{"class":74},[60,54346,11283],{"class":120},[60,54348,8555],{"class":74},[20,54350,11358],{},[260,54352,54353,54356,54359],{},[263,54354,54355],{},"Call it on a list object",[263,54357,54358],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[263,54360,54361],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[46,54363,839],{"id":838},[20,54365,11376],{},[51,54367,54369],{"className":53,"code":54368,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54370,54371,54395,54399,54409,54413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54372,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385,54387,54389,54391,54393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54374,350],{"class":66},[60,54376,71],{"class":70},[60,54378,1512],{"class":74},[60,54380,2250],{"class":357},[60,54382,88],{"class":74},[60,54384,7702],{"class":357},[60,54386,88],{"class":74},[60,54388,7707],{"class":357},[60,54390,88],{"class":74},[60,54392,50729],{"class":357},[60,54394,1525],{"class":74},[60,54396,54397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54398,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54400,54401,54403,54405,54407],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54402,380],{"class":66},[60,54404,117],{"class":74},[60,54406,11283],{"class":120},[60,54408,8555],{"class":74},[60,54410,54411],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54412,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54414,54415,54417,54419,54421],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,54416,140],{"class":139},[60,54418,124],{"class":74},[60,54420,380],{"class":120},[60,54422,133],{"class":74},[20,54424,404],{},[51,54426,54427],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54428,54429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54430,54431],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54432,38181],{"class":74},[20,54434,11578],{},[260,54436,54437,54442,54448],{},[263,54438,54439,54441],{},[15,54440,380],{}," starts with four items",[263,54443,54444,54447],{},[15,54445,54446],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[263,54449,54450],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54452,54453,54454,117],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[30,54455,52658],{"href":54456},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[46,54458,17310],{"id":17309},[20,54460,54461,641,54463,117],{},[15,54462,11222],{},[15,54464,277],{},[20,54466,40790,54467,52554],{},[41,54468,43],{},[51,54470,54472],{"className":53,"code":54471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54473,54474,54506,54510,54524,54528,54541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54477,486],{"class":66},[60,54479,71],{"class":70},[60,54481,1512],{"class":74},[60,54483,79],{"class":78},[60,54485,30],{"class":82},[60,54487,79],{"class":78},[60,54489,88],{"class":74},[60,54491,91],{"class":78},[60,54493,1428],{"class":82},[60,54495,79],{"class":78},[60,54497,88],{"class":74},[60,54499,91],{"class":78},[60,54501,1437],{"class":82},[60,54503,79],{"class":78},[60,54505,1525],{"class":74},[60,54507,54508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54509,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54511,54512,54514,54516,54518,54520,54522],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54513,688],{"class":66},[60,54515,71],{"class":70},[60,54517,5877],{"class":66},[60,54519,117],{"class":74},[60,54521,11283],{"class":120},[60,54523,8555],{"class":74},[60,54525,54526],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54527,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54529,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,54531,140],{"class":139},[60,54533,124],{"class":74},[60,54535,517],{"class":120},[60,54537,174],{"class":74},[60,54539,54540],{"class":177},"   # []\n",[60,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,54544,140],{"class":139},[60,54546,124],{"class":74},[60,54548,720],{"class":120},[60,54550,174],{"class":74},[60,54552,20765],{"class":177},[20,54554,54555],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[51,54557,54559],{"className":53,"code":54558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54560,54561,54581,54595],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54562,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54564,486],{"class":66},[60,54566,71],{"class":70},[60,54568,1512],{"class":74},[60,54570,358],{"class":357},[60,54572,88],{"class":74},[60,54574,363],{"class":357},[60,54576,88],{"class":74},[60,54578,368],{"class":357},[60,54580,1525],{"class":74},[60,54582,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54584,486],{"class":66},[60,54586,71],{"class":70},[60,54588,5877],{"class":66},[60,54590,117],{"class":74},[60,54592,11283],{"class":120},[60,54594,8555],{"class":74},[60,54596,54597,54599,54601,54603],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54598,140],{"class":139},[60,54600,124],{"class":74},[60,54602,517],{"class":120},[60,54604,133],{"class":74},[20,54606,11810,54607,1324,54609,54611],{},[15,54608,517],{},[15,54610,277],{},", not an empty list.",[46,54613,54615,54617,54618],{"id":54614},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54616,11222],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54619,3700],{},[20,54621,54622],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[51,54624,54625],{"className":53,"code":54336,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54626,54627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54628,54629,54631,54633,54635],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54630,8252],{"class":66},[60,54632,117],{"class":74},[60,54634,11283],{"class":120},[60,54636,8555],{"class":74},[51,54638,54640],{"className":53,"code":54639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n",[15,54641,54642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54643,54644,54646,54648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54645,8221],{"class":66},[60,54647,71],{"class":70},[60,54649,7750],{"class":74},[337,54651,54653,54655],{"id":54652},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54654,11222],{}," empties the same list object",[51,54657,54659],{"className":53,"code":54658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54660,54661,54681,54689,54693,54703,54707,54719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54662,54663,54665,54667,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54664,2471],{"class":66},[60,54666,71],{"class":70},[60,54668,1512],{"class":74},[60,54670,358],{"class":357},[60,54672,88],{"class":74},[60,54674,363],{"class":357},[60,54676,88],{"class":74},[60,54678,368],{"class":357},[60,54680,1525],{"class":74},[60,54682,54683,54685,54687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54684,2499],{"class":66},[60,54686,71],{"class":70},[60,54688,36060],{"class":66},[60,54690,54691],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54692,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54694,54695,54697,54699,54701],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54696,30],{"class":66},[60,54698,117],{"class":74},[60,54700,11283],{"class":120},[60,54702,8555],{"class":74},[60,54704,54705],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,54706,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54708,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,54710,140],{"class":139},[60,54712,124],{"class":74},[60,54714,30],{"class":120},[60,54716,174],{"class":74},[60,54718,54292],{"class":177},[60,54720,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,54722,140],{"class":139},[60,54724,124],{"class":74},[60,54726,1428],{"class":120},[60,54728,174],{"class":74},[60,54730,54292],{"class":177},[20,54732,10495,54733,1776,54735,54737],{},[15,54734,30],{},[15,54736,1428],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[337,54739,54741,54744],{"id":54740},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54742,54743],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[51,54746,54748],{"className":53,"code":54747,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54749,54750,54770,54778,54782,54790,54794,54806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54751,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54753,2471],{"class":66},[60,54755,71],{"class":70},[60,54757,1512],{"class":74},[60,54759,358],{"class":357},[60,54761,88],{"class":74},[60,54763,363],{"class":357},[60,54765,88],{"class":74},[60,54767,368],{"class":357},[60,54769,1525],{"class":74},[60,54771,54772,54774,54776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54773,2499],{"class":66},[60,54775,71],{"class":70},[60,54777,36060],{"class":66},[60,54779,54780],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54781,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54783,54784,54786,54788],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54785,2471],{"class":66},[60,54787,71],{"class":70},[60,54789,7750],{"class":74},[60,54791,54792],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,54793,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54795,54796,54798,54800,54802,54804],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,54797,140],{"class":139},[60,54799,124],{"class":74},[60,54801,30],{"class":120},[60,54803,174],{"class":74},[60,54805,54292],{"class":177},[60,54807,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,54809,140],{"class":139},[60,54811,124],{"class":74},[60,54813,1428],{"class":120},[60,54815,174],{"class":74},[60,54817,54818],{"class":177},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54820,20660,54821,54823,54824,54826],{},[15,54822,30],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54825,1428],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54828,54829],{},"This difference matters when:",[260,54831,54832,54835,54838],{},[263,54833,54834],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[263,54836,54837],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[263,54839,54840],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54842,54843,54844,117],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[30,54845,54847,54848,1818],{"href":54846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54849,12670],{},[46,54851,1220,54852],{"id":12332},[15,54853,11222],{},[20,54855,243,54856,6229],{},[15,54857,11222],{},[260,54859,54860,54863,54866],{},[263,54861,54862],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[263,54864,54865],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[263,54867,54868],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54870,2127],{},[51,54872,54874],{"className":53,"code":54873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54875,54876,54912,54916,54921,54932,54936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54877,54878,54881,54883,54885,54887,54890,54892,54894,54896,54899,54901,54903,54905,54908,54910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54879,54880],{"class":66},"shopping_cart ",[60,54882,71],{"class":70},[60,54884,1512],{"class":74},[60,54886,79],{"class":78},[60,54888,54889],{"class":82},"milk",[60,54891,79],{"class":78},[60,54893,88],{"class":74},[60,54895,91],{"class":78},[60,54897,54898],{"class":82},"bread",[60,54900,79],{"class":78},[60,54902,88],{"class":74},[60,54904,91],{"class":78},[60,54906,54907],{"class":82},"eggs",[60,54909,79],{"class":78},[60,54911,1525],{"class":74},[60,54913,54914],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54915,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54917,54918],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,54919,54920],{"class":177},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[60,54922,54923,54926,54928,54930],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,54924,54925],{"class":66},"shopping_cart",[60,54927,117],{"class":74},[60,54929,11283],{"class":120},[60,54931,8555],{"class":74},[60,54933,54934],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,54935,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,54937,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,54939,140],{"class":139},[60,54941,124],{"class":74},[60,54943,54925],{"class":120},[60,54945,174],{"class":74},[60,54947,54292],{"class":177},[20,54949,54950,54951,54955,54956,54962,54963,117],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[30,54952,54954],{"href":54953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[30,54957,54959,1818],{"href":54958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54960,54961],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[30,54964,54966,1818],{"href":54965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54967,54968],{},"list.pop()",[46,54970,4430],{"id":4429},[337,54972,54974,54975,10994,54978],{"id":54973},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54976,54977],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54979,54980],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54982,54983],{},"This does not call the method.",[51,54985,54987],{"className":53,"code":54986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54988,54989,55009,55013,55022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54990,54991,54993,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54992,486],{"class":66},[60,54994,71],{"class":70},[60,54996,1512],{"class":74},[60,54998,358],{"class":357},[60,55000,88],{"class":74},[60,55002,363],{"class":357},[60,55004,88],{"class":74},[60,55006,368],{"class":357},[60,55008,1525],{"class":74},[60,55010,55011],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55012,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55014,55015,55017,55019],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55016,517],{"class":66},[60,55018,117],{"class":74},[60,55020,55021],{"class":1723},"clear\n",[60,55023,55024,55026,55028,55030],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55025,140],{"class":139},[60,55027,124],{"class":74},[60,55029,517],{"class":120},[60,55031,133],{"class":74},[20,55033,404],{},[51,55035,55037],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55038,55039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55040,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55042,3812],{"class":74},[60,55044,358],{"class":357},[60,55046,88],{"class":74},[60,55048,363],{"class":357},[60,55050,88],{"class":74},[60,55052,368],{"class":357},[60,55054,1525],{"class":74},[20,55056,55057],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55059,10711],{},[51,55061,55063],{"className":53,"code":55062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55064,55065,55085,55089,55099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55066,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077,55079,55081,55083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55068,486],{"class":66},[60,55070,71],{"class":70},[60,55072,1512],{"class":74},[60,55074,358],{"class":357},[60,55076,88],{"class":74},[60,55078,363],{"class":357},[60,55080,88],{"class":74},[60,55082,368],{"class":357},[60,55084,1525],{"class":74},[60,55086,55087],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55088,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55090,55091,55093,55095,55097],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55092,517],{"class":66},[60,55094,117],{"class":74},[60,55096,11283],{"class":120},[60,55098,8555],{"class":74},[60,55100,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55102,140],{"class":139},[60,55104,124],{"class":74},[60,55106,517],{"class":120},[60,55108,174],{"class":74},[60,55110,54292],{"class":177},[337,55112,1254,55114,55116],{"id":55113},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55115,11222],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55118,55119,641,55121,55123],{},[15,55120,11222],{},[15,55122,277],{},", not the list.",[51,55125,55127],{"className":53,"code":55126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55128,55129,55149,55163,55167,55179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55130,55131,55133,55135,55137,55139,55141,55143,55145,55147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55132,486],{"class":66},[60,55134,71],{"class":70},[60,55136,1512],{"class":74},[60,55138,358],{"class":357},[60,55140,88],{"class":74},[60,55142,363],{"class":357},[60,55144,88],{"class":74},[60,55146,368],{"class":357},[60,55148,1525],{"class":74},[60,55150,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159,55161],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55152,688],{"class":66},[60,55154,71],{"class":70},[60,55156,5877],{"class":66},[60,55158,117],{"class":74},[60,55160,11283],{"class":120},[60,55162,8555],{"class":74},[60,55164,55165],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55166,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55168,55169,55171,55173,55175,55177],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55170,140],{"class":139},[60,55172,124],{"class":74},[60,55174,720],{"class":120},[60,55176,174],{"class":74},[60,55178,20765],{"class":177},[60,55180,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,55182,140],{"class":139},[60,55184,124],{"class":74},[60,55186,517],{"class":120},[60,55188,174],{"class":74},[60,55190,54540],{"class":177},[337,55192,8331,55194,55196],{"id":55193},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55195,11222],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55198,55199,55200,55202],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55201,11222],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55204,55205],{},"This will fail:",[51,55207,55209],{"className":53,"code":55208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55210,55211,55223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55212,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55214,34573],{"class":66},[60,55216,71],{"class":70},[60,55218,91],{"class":78},[60,55220,3759],{"class":82},[60,55222,3273],{"class":78},[60,55224,55225,55227,55229,55231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55226,34594],{"class":66},[60,55228,117],{"class":74},[60,55230,11283],{"class":120},[60,55232,8555],{"class":74},[20,55234,55235,55236,33485],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55237,11222],{},[20,55239,55240,55241,55243],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55242,277],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55245,55246],{},"Useful checks:",[51,55248,55250],{"className":53,"code":55249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55251,55252,55262,55276,55290,55299,55309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55253,55254,55256,55258,55260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55255,140],{"class":139},[60,55257,124],{"class":74},[60,55259,8252],{"class":120},[60,55261,133],{"class":74},[60,55263,55264,55266,55268,55270,55272,55274],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55265,140],{"class":139},[60,55267,124],{"class":74},[60,55269,1684],{"class":1683},[60,55271,124],{"class":74},[60,55273,8252],{"class":120},[60,55275,1691],{"class":74},[60,55277,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55279,140],{"class":139},[60,55281,124],{"class":74},[60,55283,12544],{"class":139},[60,55285,124],{"class":74},[60,55287,8252],{"class":120},[60,55289,1691],{"class":74},[60,55291,55292,55294,55296],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55293,43434],{"class":66},[60,55295,71],{"class":70},[60,55297,55298],{"class":66}," my_list\n",[60,55300,55301,55303,55305,55307],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,55302,8252],{"class":66},[60,55304,117],{"class":74},[60,55306,11283],{"class":120},[60,55308,8555],{"class":74},[60,55310,55311,55313,55315,55317],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,55312,140],{"class":139},[60,55314,124],{"class":74},[60,55316,30628],{"class":120},[60,55318,133],{"class":74},[20,55320,55321],{},"These can help you see:",[260,55323,55324,55327,55330],{},[263,55325,55326],{},"What the variable currently contains",[263,55328,55329],{},"Whether it is really a list",[263,55331,55332],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55334,55335,55336,117],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[30,55337,55338],{"href":54182},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[46,55340,1746],{"id":1745},[337,55342,12599,55344,55346],{"id":55343},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55345,54235],{}," delete the list?",[20,55348,55349],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[337,55351,12599,55353,55355],{"id":55352},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55354,54235],{}," return a new list?",[20,55357,55358,55359,55361],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55360,277],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[337,55363,1773,55365,1776,55367,1779],{"id":55364},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55366,11222],{},[15,55368,54743],{},[20,55370,55371,55373,55374,55376],{},[15,55372,11222],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55375,54743],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[337,55378,1795,55380,55382],{"id":55379},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55381,11222],{}," on other types?",[20,55384,55385,55386,55388],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55387,11222],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[46,55390,1808],{"id":1807},[260,55392,55393,55397,55402,55409,55415,55421],{},[263,55394,55395],{},[30,55396,52658],{"href":54456},[263,55398,55399],{},[30,55400,55401],{"href":54953},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[263,55403,55404],{},[30,55405,55406,55407,1818],{"href":54965},"Python list ",[15,55408,462],{},[263,55410,55411],{},[30,55412,55406,55413,1818],{"href":54958},[15,55414,447],{},[263,55416,55417],{},[30,55418,55406,55419,1818],{"href":54846},[15,55420,12670],{},[263,55422,55423],{},[30,55424,30232,55425,33518],{"href":54182},[15,55426,55427],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1841,55429,55430],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":55432},[55433,55434,55436,55437,55438,55439,55446,55447,55455,55465],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":54300,"depth":111,"text":55435},"What list.clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":54614,"depth":111,"text":55440,"children":55441},"clear() vs assigning []",[55442,55444],{"id":54652,"depth":136,"text":55443},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54740,"depth":136,"text":55445},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12332,"depth":111,"text":12702},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":55448},[55449,55451,55453],{"id":54973,"depth":136,"text":55450},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55113,"depth":136,"text":55452},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55193,"depth":136,"text":55454},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":55456},[55457,55459,55461,55463],{"id":55343,"depth":136,"text":55458},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55352,"depth":136,"text":55460},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55364,"depth":136,"text":55462},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55379,"depth":136,"text":55464},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54222,"description":55466},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55473,"title":55474,"body":55475,"description":57160,"extension":1883,"meta":57161,"navigation":152,"path":57162,"seo":57163,"stem":57164,"__hash__":57165},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55476,"toc":57128},[55477,55482,55488,55496,55498,55587,55594,55599,55603,55617,55619,55696,55698,55759,55762,55764,55766,55787,55790,55804,55807,55852,55854,55862,55865,55871,55877,55880,55957,55959,56004,56007,56012,56095,56097,56138,56143,56147,56153,56155,56163,56166,56259,56261,56319,56322,56338,56343,56353,56358,56360,56365,56370,56373,56375,56432,56435,56488,56494,56499,56503,56520,56522,56606,56608,56649,56657,56659,56664,56670,56672,56735,56740,56810,56814,56849,56852,56854,56893,56897,56973,56979,56985,56990,57012,57015,57034,57042,57044,57050,57053,57060,57068,57073,57076,57080,57086,57094,57097,57099,57125],[10,55478,54228,55480,18],{"id":55479},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55481,12670],{},[20,55483,55484,55487],{},[15,55485,55486],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55489,55490,55491,39,55493,55495],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55492,71],{},[41,55494,43],{}," make a real copy.",[46,55497,49],{"id":48},[51,55499,55501],{"className":53,"code":55500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55502,55503,55523,55538,55542,55557,55561,55574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55504,55505,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55506,350],{"class":66},[60,55508,71],{"class":70},[60,55510,1512],{"class":74},[60,55512,358],{"class":357},[60,55514,88],{"class":74},[60,55516,363],{"class":357},[60,55518,88],{"class":74},[60,55520,368],{"class":357},[60,55522,1525],{"class":74},[60,55524,55525,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55526,55527],{"class":66},"new_numbers ",[60,55529,71],{"class":70},[60,55531,1294],{"class":66},[60,55533,117],{"class":74},[60,55535,12805],{"class":120},[60,55537,8555],{"class":74},[60,55539,55540],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55541,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55543,55544,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55545,55546],{"class":66},"new_numbers",[60,55548,117],{"class":74},[60,55550,13444],{"class":120},[60,55552,124],{"class":74},[60,55554,2421],{"class":357},[60,55556,133],{"class":74},[60,55558,55559],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,55560,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,55564,140],{"class":139},[60,55566,124],{"class":74},[60,55568,380],{"class":120},[60,55570,174],{"class":74},[60,55572,55573],{"class":177},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[60,55575,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,55577,140],{"class":139},[60,55579,124],{"class":74},[60,55581,55546],{"class":120},[60,55583,174],{"class":74},[60,55585,55586],{"class":177},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55588,243,55589,55591,55592,117],{},[15,55590,55486],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[41,55593,12744],{},[46,55595,250,55597,253],{"id":55596},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55598,55486],{},[20,55600,55601,258],{},[15,55602,55486],{},[260,55604,55605,55608,55611,55614],{},[263,55606,55607],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[263,55609,55610],{},"Returns that new list",[263,55612,55613],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[263,55615,55616],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55618,2127],{},[51,55620,55622],{"className":53,"code":55621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55623,55624,55656,55671,55675,55685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55625,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55627,852],{"class":66},[60,55629,71],{"class":70},[60,55631,1512],{"class":74},[60,55633,79],{"class":78},[60,55635,495],{"class":82},[60,55637,79],{"class":78},[60,55639,88],{"class":74},[60,55641,91],{"class":78},[60,55643,504],{"class":82},[60,55645,79],{"class":78},[60,55647,88],{"class":74},[60,55649,91],{"class":78},[60,55651,528],{"class":82},[60,55653,79],{"class":78},[60,55655,1525],{"class":74},[60,55657,55658,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55659,55660],{"class":66},"copied_fruits ",[60,55662,71],{"class":70},[60,55664,902],{"class":66},[60,55666,117],{"class":74},[60,55668,12805],{"class":120},[60,55670,8555],{"class":74},[60,55672,55673],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55674,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55678,140],{"class":139},[60,55680,124],{"class":74},[60,55682,913],{"class":120},[60,55684,133],{"class":74},[60,55686,55687,55689,55691,55694],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,55688,140],{"class":139},[60,55690,124],{"class":74},[60,55692,55693],{"class":120},"copied_fruits",[60,55695,133],{"class":74},[20,55697,404],{},[51,55699,55701],{"className":53,"code":55700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55702,55703,55731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55704,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55706,3812],{"class":74},[60,55708,205],{"class":78},[60,55710,495],{"class":82},[60,55712,205],{"class":78},[60,55714,88],{"class":74},[60,55716,214],{"class":78},[60,55718,504],{"class":82},[60,55720,205],{"class":78},[60,55722,88],{"class":74},[60,55724,214],{"class":78},[60,55726,528],{"class":82},[60,55728,205],{"class":78},[60,55730,1525],{"class":74},[60,55732,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55734,3812],{"class":74},[60,55736,205],{"class":78},[60,55738,495],{"class":82},[60,55740,205],{"class":78},[60,55742,88],{"class":74},[60,55744,214],{"class":78},[60,55746,504],{"class":82},[60,55748,205],{"class":78},[60,55750,88],{"class":74},[60,55752,214],{"class":78},[60,55754,528],{"class":82},[60,55756,205],{"class":78},[60,55758,1525],{"class":74},[20,55760,55761],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[46,55763,296],{"id":295},[20,55765,2079],{},[51,55767,55769],{"className":53,"code":55768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55770,55771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55772,55773,55776,55778,55781,55783,55785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55774,55775],{"class":66},"new_list ",[60,55777,71],{"class":70},[60,55779,55780],{"class":66}," old_list",[60,55782,117],{"class":74},[60,55784,12805],{"class":120},[60,55786,8555],{"class":74},[20,55788,55789],{},"How it works:",[260,55791,55792,55798,55801],{},[263,55793,55794,55795,55797],{},"Call ",[15,55796,12670],{}," on an existing list",[263,55799,55800],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[263,55802,55803],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55805,55806],{},"Example with an empty list:",[51,55808,55810],{"className":53,"code":55809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55811,55812,55821,55837,55841],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55813,55814,55817,55819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55815,55816],{"class":66},"empty_list ",[60,55818,71],{"class":70},[60,55820,7750],{"class":74},[60,55822,55823,55826,55828,55831,55833,55835],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55824,55825],{"class":66},"new_empty_list ",[60,55827,71],{"class":70},[60,55829,55830],{"class":66}," empty_list",[60,55832,117],{"class":74},[60,55834,12805],{"class":120},[60,55836,8555],{"class":74},[60,55838,55839],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55840,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55842,55843,55845,55847,55850],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55844,140],{"class":139},[60,55846,124],{"class":74},[60,55848,55849],{"class":120},"new_empty_list",[60,55851,133],{"class":74},[20,55853,404],{},[51,55855,55856],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,55857,55858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55859,55860],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55861,38181],{"class":74},[20,55863,55864],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[46,55866,55868,55869],{"id":55867},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55870,71],{},[20,55872,8331,55873,39,55875,52554],{},[15,55874,71],{},[41,55876,43],{},[20,55878,55879],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[51,55881,55883],{"className":53,"code":55882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55884,55885,55905,55914,55918,55933,55937,55947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55888,350],{"class":66},[60,55890,71],{"class":70},[60,55892,1512],{"class":74},[60,55894,358],{"class":357},[60,55896,88],{"class":74},[60,55898,363],{"class":357},[60,55900,88],{"class":74},[60,55902,368],{"class":357},[60,55904,1525],{"class":74},[60,55906,55907,55910,55912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55908,55909],{"class":66},"same_list ",[60,55911,71],{"class":70},[60,55913,43867],{"class":66},[60,55915,55916],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,55917,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55919,55920,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,55921,55922],{"class":66},"same_list",[60,55924,117],{"class":74},[60,55926,13444],{"class":120},[60,55928,124],{"class":74},[60,55930,2421],{"class":357},[60,55932,133],{"class":74},[60,55934,55935],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,55936,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,55938,55939,55941,55943,55945],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,55940,140],{"class":139},[60,55942,124],{"class":74},[60,55944,380],{"class":120},[60,55946,133],{"class":74},[60,55948,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,55950,140],{"class":139},[60,55952,124],{"class":74},[60,55954,55922],{"class":120},[60,55956,133],{"class":74},[20,55958,404],{},[51,55960,55962],{"className":53,"code":55961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55963,55964,55984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55965,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55967,3812],{"class":74},[60,55969,358],{"class":357},[60,55971,88],{"class":74},[60,55973,363],{"class":357},[60,55975,88],{"class":74},[60,55977,368],{"class":357},[60,55979,88],{"class":74},[60,55981,373],{"class":357},[60,55983,1525],{"class":74},[60,55985,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55987,3812],{"class":74},[60,55989,358],{"class":357},[60,55991,88],{"class":74},[60,55993,363],{"class":357},[60,55995,88],{"class":74},[60,55997,368],{"class":357},[60,55999,88],{"class":74},[60,56001,373],{"class":357},[60,56003,1525],{"class":74},[20,56005,56006],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56008,56009,56010,258],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56011,12670],{},[51,56013,56015],{"className":53,"code":56014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56016,56017,56037,56052,56056,56071,56075,56085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56018,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56020,350],{"class":66},[60,56022,71],{"class":70},[60,56024,1512],{"class":74},[60,56026,358],{"class":357},[60,56028,88],{"class":74},[60,56030,363],{"class":357},[60,56032,88],{"class":74},[60,56034,368],{"class":357},[60,56036,1525],{"class":74},[60,56038,56039,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56040,56041],{"class":66},"copied_numbers ",[60,56043,71],{"class":70},[60,56045,1294],{"class":66},[60,56047,117],{"class":74},[60,56049,12805],{"class":120},[60,56051,8555],{"class":74},[60,56053,56054],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56055,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56057,56058,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56059,56060],{"class":66},"copied_numbers",[60,56062,117],{"class":74},[60,56064,13444],{"class":120},[60,56066,124],{"class":74},[60,56068,2421],{"class":357},[60,56070,133],{"class":74},[60,56072,56073],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56074,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56076,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,56078,140],{"class":139},[60,56080,124],{"class":74},[60,56082,380],{"class":120},[60,56084,133],{"class":74},[60,56086,56087,56089,56091,56093],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,56088,140],{"class":139},[60,56090,124],{"class":74},[60,56092,56060],{"class":120},[60,56094,133],{"class":74},[20,56096,404],{},[51,56098,56100],{"className":53,"code":56099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56101,56102,56118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56103,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56105,3812],{"class":74},[60,56107,358],{"class":357},[60,56109,88],{"class":74},[60,56111,363],{"class":357},[60,56113,88],{"class":74},[60,56115,368],{"class":357},[60,56117,1525],{"class":74},[60,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56121,3812],{"class":74},[60,56123,358],{"class":357},[60,56125,88],{"class":74},[60,56127,363],{"class":357},[60,56129,88],{"class":74},[60,56131,368],{"class":357},[60,56133,88],{"class":74},[60,56135,373],{"class":357},[60,56137,1525],{"class":74},[20,56139,56140,56141,117],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[30,56142,52658],{"href":50865},[46,56144,56146],{"id":56145},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56148,56149,12741,56151,117],{},[15,56150,55486],{},[41,56152,12744],{},[20,56154,2026],{},[260,56156,56157,56160],{},[263,56158,56159],{},"The outer list is new",[263,56161,56162],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56164,56165],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[51,56167,56169],{"className":53,"code":56168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56170,56171,56198,56212,56216,56235,56239,56249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56172,56173,56175,56177,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56174,11980],{"class":66},[60,56176,71],{"class":70},[60,56178,56179],{"class":74}," [[",[60,56181,358],{"class":357},[60,56183,88],{"class":74},[60,56185,363],{"class":357},[60,56187,17952],{"class":74},[60,56189,1512],{"class":74},[60,56191,389],{"class":357},[60,56193,88],{"class":74},[60,56195,373],{"class":357},[60,56197,53128],{"class":74},[60,56199,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56201,14202],{"class":66},[60,56203,71],{"class":70},[60,56205,12055],{"class":66},[60,56207,117],{"class":74},[60,56209,12805],{"class":120},[60,56211,8555],{"class":74},[60,56213,56214],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56215,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56217,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56233],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56219,14221],{"class":66},[60,56221,3812],{"class":74},[60,56223,2039],{"class":357},[60,56225,13441],{"class":74},[60,56227,13444],{"class":120},[60,56229,124],{"class":74},[60,56231,56232],{"class":357},"99",[60,56234,133],{"class":74},[60,56236,56237],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56238,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,56242,140],{"class":139},[60,56244,124],{"class":74},[60,56246,12027],{"class":120},[60,56248,133],{"class":74},[60,56250,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,56252,140],{"class":139},[60,56254,124],{"class":74},[60,56256,14221],{"class":120},[60,56258,133],{"class":74},[20,56260,404],{},[51,56262,56264],{"className":53,"code":56263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56265,56266,56293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56267,56268,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56269,56270],{"class":74},"[[",[60,56272,358],{"class":357},[60,56274,88],{"class":74},[60,56276,363],{"class":357},[60,56278,88],{"class":74},[60,56280,10103],{"class":357},[60,56282,17952],{"class":74},[60,56284,1512],{"class":74},[60,56286,389],{"class":357},[60,56288,88],{"class":74},[60,56290,373],{"class":357},[60,56292,53128],{"class":74},[60,56294,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56296,56270],{"class":74},[60,56298,358],{"class":357},[60,56300,88],{"class":74},[60,56302,363],{"class":357},[60,56304,88],{"class":74},[60,56306,10103],{"class":357},[60,56308,17952],{"class":74},[60,56310,1512],{"class":74},[60,56312,389],{"class":357},[60,56314,88],{"class":74},[60,56316,373],{"class":357},[60,56318,53128],{"class":74},[20,56320,56321],{},"Why did both change?",[260,56323,56324,56331],{},[263,56325,56326,1776,56328,56330],{},[15,56327,12027],{},[15,56329,14221],{}," are different outer lists",[263,56332,56333,56334,56337],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56335,56336],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56339,53539,56340,56342],{},[15,56341,12670],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[260,56344,56345,56348,56351],{},[263,56346,56347],{},"Numbers",[263,56349,56350],{},"Strings",[263,56352,40479],{},[20,56354,56355,56356,117],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[30,56357,13682],{"href":13681},[46,56359,17310],{"id":17309},[20,56361,56362,56364],{},[15,56363,55486],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56366,40790,56367,56369],{},[41,56368,43],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56371,56372],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56374,16546],{},[51,56376,56378],{"className":53,"code":56377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56379,56380,56404,56418,56422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56381,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56383,67],{"class":66},[60,56385,71],{"class":70},[60,56387,1512],{"class":74},[60,56389,79],{"class":78},[60,56391,83],{"class":82},[60,56393,79],{"class":78},[60,56395,88],{"class":74},[60,56397,91],{"class":78},[60,56399,94],{"class":82},[60,56401,79],{"class":78},[60,56403,1525],{"class":74},[60,56405,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56407,13010],{"class":66},[60,56409,71],{"class":70},[60,56411,693],{"class":66},[60,56413,117],{"class":74},[60,56415,12805],{"class":120},[60,56417,8555],{"class":74},[60,56419,56420],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56421,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56425,140],{"class":139},[60,56427,124],{"class":74},[60,56429,13033],{"class":120},[60,56431,133],{"class":74},[20,56433,56434],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[51,56436,56438],{"className":53,"code":56437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56439,56440,56464,56474,56478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56441,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56443,67],{"class":66},[60,56445,71],{"class":70},[60,56447,1512],{"class":74},[60,56449,79],{"class":78},[60,56451,83],{"class":82},[60,56453,79],{"class":78},[60,56455,88],{"class":74},[60,56457,91],{"class":78},[60,56459,94],{"class":82},[60,56461,79],{"class":78},[60,56463,1525],{"class":74},[60,56465,56466,56468,56470,56472],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56467,114],{"class":66},[60,56469,117],{"class":74},[60,56471,12805],{"class":120},[60,56473,8555],{"class":74},[60,56475,56476],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56477,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56479,56480,56482,56484,56486],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56481,140],{"class":139},[60,56483,124],{"class":74},[60,56485,114],{"class":120},[60,56487,133],{"class":74},[20,56489,56490,56491,56493],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56492,12670],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[46,56495,1220,56497],{"id":56496},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56498,55486],{},[20,56500,243,56501,1227],{},[15,56502,55486],{},[260,56504,56505,56508,56511,56514],{},[263,56506,56507],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[263,56509,56510],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[263,56512,56513],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[263,56515,56516,56517],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56518,56519],{},"[:]",[20,56521,2127],{},[51,56523,56525],{"className":53,"code":56524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56526,56527,56547,56562,56566,56581,56585,56595],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56528,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56530,4974],{"class":66},[60,56532,71],{"class":70},[60,56534,1512],{"class":74},[60,56536,2250],{"class":357},[60,56538,88],{"class":74},[60,56540,7702],{"class":357},[60,56542,88],{"class":74},[60,56544,7707],{"class":357},[60,56546,1525],{"class":74},[60,56548,56549,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56550,56551],{"class":66},"backup_scores ",[60,56553,71],{"class":70},[60,56555,5021],{"class":66},[60,56557,117],{"class":74},[60,56559,12805],{"class":120},[60,56561,8555],{"class":74},[60,56563,56564],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56565,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56567,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56579],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56569,16280],{"class":66},[60,56571,117],{"class":74},[60,56573,13444],{"class":120},[60,56575,124],{"class":74},[60,56577,56578],{"class":357},"40",[60,56580,133],{"class":74},[60,56582,56583],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56584,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56586,56587,56589,56591,56593],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,56588,140],{"class":139},[60,56590,124],{"class":74},[60,56592,16280],{"class":120},[60,56594,133],{"class":74},[60,56596,56597,56599,56601,56604],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,56598,140],{"class":139},[60,56600,124],{"class":74},[60,56602,56603],{"class":120},"backup_scores",[60,56605,133],{"class":74},[20,56607,404],{},[51,56609,56611],{"className":53,"code":56610,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56612,56613,56633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56614,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56616,3812],{"class":74},[60,56618,2250],{"class":357},[60,56620,88],{"class":74},[60,56622,7702],{"class":357},[60,56624,88],{"class":74},[60,56626,7707],{"class":357},[60,56628,88],{"class":74},[60,56630,50729],{"class":357},[60,56632,1525],{"class":74},[60,56634,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56636,3812],{"class":74},[60,56638,2250],{"class":357},[60,56640,88],{"class":74},[60,56642,7702],{"class":357},[60,56644,88],{"class":74},[60,56646,7707],{"class":357},[60,56648,1525],{"class":74},[20,56650,56651,56652,117],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[30,56653,55406,56655,1818],{"href":56654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56656,52539],{},[46,56658,4430],{"id":4429},[20,56660,56661,56662,117],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56663,55486],{},[337,56665,8331,56667,56669],{"id":56666},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56668,71],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56671,39083],{},[51,56673,56675],{"className":53,"code":56674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56676,56677,56697,56705,56719,56723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56678,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56680,2471],{"class":66},[60,56682,71],{"class":70},[60,56684,1512],{"class":74},[60,56686,358],{"class":357},[60,56688,88],{"class":74},[60,56690,363],{"class":357},[60,56692,88],{"class":74},[60,56694,368],{"class":357},[60,56696,1525],{"class":74},[60,56698,56699,56701,56703],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56700,2499],{"class":66},[60,56702,71],{"class":70},[60,56704,36060],{"class":66},[60,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56708,1428],{"class":66},[60,56710,117],{"class":74},[60,56712,13444],{"class":120},[60,56714,124],{"class":74},[60,56716,2421],{"class":357},[60,56718,133],{"class":74},[60,56720,56721],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56722,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56724,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56726,140],{"class":139},[60,56728,124],{"class":74},[60,56730,30],{"class":120},[60,56732,174],{"class":74},[60,56734,55586],{"class":177},[20,56736,56737,56738,6542],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56739,12670],{},[51,56741,56743],{"className":53,"code":56742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56744,56745,56765,56780,56794,56798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56746,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56748,2471],{"class":66},[60,56750,71],{"class":70},[60,56752,1512],{"class":74},[60,56754,358],{"class":357},[60,56756,88],{"class":74},[60,56758,363],{"class":357},[60,56760,88],{"class":74},[60,56762,368],{"class":357},[60,56764,1525],{"class":74},[60,56766,56767,56769,56771,56774,56776,56778],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56768,2499],{"class":66},[60,56770,71],{"class":70},[60,56772,56773],{"class":66}," a",[60,56775,117],{"class":74},[60,56777,12805],{"class":120},[60,56779,8555],{"class":74},[60,56781,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56783,1428],{"class":66},[60,56785,117],{"class":74},[60,56787,13444],{"class":120},[60,56789,124],{"class":74},[60,56791,2421],{"class":357},[60,56793,133],{"class":74},[60,56795,56796],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56797,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56799,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56801,140],{"class":139},[60,56803,124],{"class":74},[60,56805,30],{"class":120},[60,56807,174],{"class":74},[60,56809,54818],{"class":177},[337,56811,56813],{"id":56812},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[51,56815,56817],{"className":53,"code":56816,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56818,56819,56839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56820,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56822,350],{"class":66},[60,56824,71],{"class":70},[60,56826,1512],{"class":74},[60,56828,358],{"class":357},[60,56830,88],{"class":74},[60,56832,363],{"class":357},[60,56834,88],{"class":74},[60,56836,368],{"class":357},[60,56838,1525],{"class":74},[60,56840,56841,56843,56845,56847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56842,380],{"class":66},[60,56844,117],{"class":74},[60,56846,12805],{"class":120},[60,56848,8555],{"class":74},[20,56850,56851],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56853,39146],{},[51,56855,56857],{"className":53,"code":56856,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56858,56859,56879],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56862,350],{"class":66},[60,56864,71],{"class":70},[60,56866,1512],{"class":74},[60,56868,358],{"class":357},[60,56870,88],{"class":74},[60,56872,363],{"class":357},[60,56874,88],{"class":74},[60,56876,368],{"class":357},[60,56878,1525],{"class":74},[60,56880,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56882,56041],{"class":66},[60,56884,71],{"class":70},[60,56886,1294],{"class":66},[60,56888,117],{"class":74},[60,56890,12805],{"class":120},[60,56892,8555],{"class":74},[337,56894,56896],{"id":56895},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[51,56898,56900],{"className":53,"code":56899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56901,56902,56920,56934,56938,56956,56960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56903,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56905,2471],{"class":66},[60,56907,71],{"class":70},[60,56909,56179],{"class":74},[60,56911,358],{"class":357},[60,56913,17952],{"class":74},[60,56915,1512],{"class":74},[60,56917,1303],{"class":357},[60,56919,53128],{"class":74},[60,56921,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56923,2499],{"class":66},[60,56925,71],{"class":70},[60,56927,56773],{"class":66},[60,56929,117],{"class":74},[60,56931,12805],{"class":120},[60,56933,8555],{"class":74},[60,56935,56936],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,56937,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56939,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,56941,1428],{"class":66},[60,56943,3812],{"class":74},[60,56945,2039],{"class":357},[60,56947,13441],{"class":74},[60,56949,13444],{"class":120},[60,56951,124],{"class":74},[60,56953,56232],{"class":357},[60,56955,133],{"class":74},[60,56957,56958],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,56959,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,56961,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,56963,140],{"class":139},[60,56965,124],{"class":74},[60,56967,30],{"class":120},[60,56969,174],{"class":74},[60,56971,56972],{"class":177},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56974,56975,56976,56978],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56977,55486],{}," is shallow.",[337,56980,1487,56982,56984],{"id":56981},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56983,12670],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56986,56987,56989],{},[15,56988,12670],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[51,56991,56993],{"className":53,"code":56992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56994,56995,57007],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56996,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56998,7788],{"class":66},[60,57000,71],{"class":70},[60,57002,91],{"class":78},[60,57004,4914],{"class":82},[60,57006,3273],{"class":78},[60,57008,57009],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57010,57011],{"class":177},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57013,57014],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[51,57016,57018],{"className":53,"code":57017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57019,57020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57021,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57023,140],{"class":139},[60,57025,124],{"class":74},[60,57027,1684],{"class":1683},[60,57029,124],{"class":74},[60,57031,7580],{"class":120},[60,57033,1691],{"class":74},[20,57035,57036,57037,57041],{},"You can also review ",[30,57038,57040],{"href":57039},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[46,57043,1746],{"id":1745},[337,57045,12599,57047,57049],{"id":57046},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57048,55486],{}," change the original list?",[20,57051,57052],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[337,57054,1773,57056,1776,57058,1779],{"id":57055},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57057,55486],{},[15,57059,71],{},[20,57061,57062,57064,57065,57067],{},[15,57063,12670],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57066,71],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[337,57069,14794,57071,14797],{"id":57070},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57072,55486],{},[20,57074,57075],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[337,57077,57079],{"id":57078},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57081,42037,57082,57085],{},[15,57083,57084],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[337,57087,14794,57089,57091,57092,1779],{"id":57088},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57090,55486],{}," the same as ",[15,57093,56519],{},[20,57095,57096],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[46,57098,1808],{"id":1807},[260,57100,57101,57106,57110,57115,57121],{},[263,57102,57103],{},[30,57104,14856],{"href":57105},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[263,57107,57108],{},[30,57109,52658],{"href":50865},[263,57111,57112],{},[30,57113,57114],{"href":57039},"Creating a list in Python",[263,57116,57117],{},[30,57118,55406,57119,1818],{"href":56654},[15,57120,52539],{},[263,57122,57123],{},[30,57124,13682],{"href":13681},[1841,57126,57127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":57129},[57130,57131,57133,57134,57136,57137,57138,57140,57148,57159],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":55596,"depth":111,"text":57132},"What list.copy() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":55867,"depth":111,"text":57135},"Why not use =",{"id":56145,"depth":111,"text":56146},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":56496,"depth":111,"text":57139},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":57141},[57142,57144,57145,57146],{"id":56666,"depth":136,"text":57143},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56812,"depth":136,"text":56813},{"id":56895,"depth":136,"text":56896},{"id":56981,"depth":136,"text":57147},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":57149},[57150,57152,57154,57156,57157],{"id":57046,"depth":136,"text":57151},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57055,"depth":136,"text":57153},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57070,"depth":136,"text":57155},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57078,"depth":136,"text":57079},{"id":57088,"depth":136,"text":57158},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55474,"description":57160},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57167,"title":57168,"body":57169,"description":58911,"extension":1883,"meta":58912,"navigation":152,"path":58913,"seo":58914,"stem":58915,"__hash__":58916},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57170,"toc":58870},[57171,57177,57183,57186,57197,57200,57202,57265,57271,57276,57280,57294,57297,57302,57307,57309,57311,57330,57342,57344,57411,57413,57421,57426,57428,57436,57439,57456,57458,57582,57593,57597,57602,57605,57607,57625,57629,57715,57724,57732,57801,57803,57806,57818,57823,57827,57898,57901,57905,57909,57974,57976,57984,57988,58071,58073,58081,58085,58146,58148,58156,58160,58247,58249,58257,58262,58267,58270,58281,58283,58368,58373,58382,58384,58388,58392,58397,58459,58463,58471,58477,58486,58491,58540,58543,58564,58568,58630,58637,58642,58645,58732,58735,58746,58749,58769,58771,58777,58780,58784,58788,58794,58797,58803,58810,58818,58829,58831,58867],[10,57172,54228,57174,18],{"id":57173},"python-list-count-method",[15,57175,57176],{},"count()",[20,57178,57179,57182],{},[15,57180,57181],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57184,57185],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[260,57187,57188,57191,57194],{},[263,57189,57190],{},"count one specific item",[263,57192,57193],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[263,57195,57196],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57198,57199],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[46,57201,3525],{"id":3524},[51,57203,57205],{"className":53,"code":57204,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57206,57207,57235,57253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57208,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57210,350],{"class":66},[60,57212,71],{"class":70},[60,57214,1512],{"class":74},[60,57216,358],{"class":357},[60,57218,88],{"class":74},[60,57220,363],{"class":357},[60,57222,88],{"class":74},[60,57224,363],{"class":357},[60,57226,88],{"class":74},[60,57228,368],{"class":357},[60,57230,88],{"class":74},[60,57232,363],{"class":357},[60,57234,1525],{"class":74},[60,57236,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57238,688],{"class":66},[60,57240,71],{"class":70},[60,57242,1294],{"class":66},[60,57244,117],{"class":74},[60,57246,41144],{"class":120},[60,57248,124],{"class":74},[60,57250,1303],{"class":357},[60,57252,133],{"class":74},[60,57254,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,57256,140],{"class":139},[60,57258,124],{"class":74},[60,57260,720],{"class":120},[60,57262,174],{"class":74},[60,57264,50656],{"class":177},[20,57266,243,57267,57270],{},[15,57268,57269],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[46,57272,250,57274,253],{"id":57273},"what-listcount-does",[15,57275,57181],{},[20,57277,57278,258],{},[15,57279,57181],{},[260,57281,57282,57285,57288,57291],{},[263,57283,57284],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[263,57286,57287],{},"returns an integer",[263,57289,57290],{},"does not change the original list",[263,57292,57293],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57295,57296],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57298,57299,57300,117],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57301,389],{},[20,57303,57304,57305,117],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57306,2039],{},[46,57308,296],{"id":295},[20,57310,2079],{},[51,57312,57314],{"className":53,"code":57313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57315,57316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57317,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57319,8252],{"class":66},[60,57321,117],{"class":74},[60,57323,41144],{"class":120},[60,57325,124],{"class":74},[60,57327,315],{"class":120},[60,57329,133],{"class":74},[260,57331,57332,57337],{},[263,57333,57334,57336],{},[15,57335,8252],{}," is the list you want to search",[263,57338,57339,57341],{},[15,57340,315],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57343,2127],{},[51,57345,57347],{"className":53,"code":57346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57348,57349,57389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57350,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57352,1411],{"class":66},[60,57354,71],{"class":70},[60,57356,1512],{"class":74},[60,57358,79],{"class":78},[60,57360,30],{"class":82},[60,57362,79],{"class":78},[60,57364,88],{"class":74},[60,57366,91],{"class":78},[60,57368,1428],{"class":82},[60,57370,79],{"class":78},[60,57372,88],{"class":74},[60,57374,91],{"class":78},[60,57376,30],{"class":82},[60,57378,79],{"class":78},[60,57380,88],{"class":74},[60,57382,91],{"class":78},[60,57384,1437],{"class":82},[60,57386,79],{"class":78},[60,57388,1525],{"class":74},[60,57390,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57392,140],{"class":139},[60,57394,124],{"class":74},[60,57396,1446],{"class":120},[60,57398,117],{"class":74},[60,57400,41144],{"class":120},[60,57402,124],{"class":74},[60,57404,79],{"class":78},[60,57406,30],{"class":82},[60,57408,79],{"class":78},[60,57410,1691],{"class":74},[20,57412,404],{},[51,57414,57415],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57416,57417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57418,57419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57420,16947],{"class":357},[20,57422,57423,57424,117],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57425,2039],{},[46,57427,37904],{"id":37903},[20,57429,57430,57431,57433,57434,117],{},"The return value from ",[15,57432,57176],{}," is always an ",[15,57435,2108],{},[20,57437,57438],{},"Possible results:",[260,57440,57441,57446,57451],{},[263,57442,57443,57445],{},[15,57444,2039],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[263,57447,57448,57450],{},[15,57449,358],{}," if it appears once",[263,57452,57453,57455],{},[15,57454,1303],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57457,2127],{},[51,57459,57461],{"className":53,"code":57460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57462,57463,57503,57507,57532,57557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57464,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57466,67],{"class":66},[60,57468,71],{"class":70},[60,57470,1512],{"class":74},[60,57472,79],{"class":78},[60,57474,83],{"class":82},[60,57476,79],{"class":78},[60,57478,88],{"class":74},[60,57480,91],{"class":78},[60,57482,94],{"class":82},[60,57484,79],{"class":78},[60,57486,88],{"class":74},[60,57488,91],{"class":78},[60,57490,103],{"class":82},[60,57492,79],{"class":78},[60,57494,88],{"class":74},[60,57496,91],{"class":78},[60,57498,94],{"class":82},[60,57500,79],{"class":78},[60,57502,1525],{"class":74},[60,57504,57505],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57506,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,57508,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,57510,140],{"class":139},[60,57512,124],{"class":74},[60,57514,114],{"class":120},[60,57516,117],{"class":74},[60,57518,41144],{"class":120},[60,57520,124],{"class":74},[60,57522,79],{"class":78},[60,57524,94],{"class":82},[60,57526,79],{"class":78},[60,57528,5271],{"class":74},[60,57530,57531],{"class":177},"   # 2\n",[60,57533,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,57535,140],{"class":139},[60,57537,124],{"class":74},[60,57539,114],{"class":120},[60,57541,117],{"class":74},[60,57543,41144],{"class":120},[60,57545,124],{"class":74},[60,57547,79],{"class":78},[60,57549,83],{"class":82},[60,57551,79],{"class":78},[60,57553,5271],{"class":74},[60,57555,57556],{"class":177},"    # 1\n",[60,57558,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,57560,140],{"class":139},[60,57562,124],{"class":74},[60,57564,114],{"class":120},[60,57566,117],{"class":74},[60,57568,41144],{"class":120},[60,57570,124],{"class":74},[60,57572,79],{"class":78},[60,57574,169],{"class":82},[60,57576,79],{"class":78},[60,57578,5271],{"class":74},[60,57580,57581],{"class":177}," # 0\n",[20,57583,57584,57585,57587,57588,57590,57591,117],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57586,57176],{}," works, but using ",[15,57589,1703],{}," is often simpler. See ",[30,57592,6110],{"href":6109},[46,57594,57596],{"id":57595},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57598,57599,57601],{},[15,57600,57181],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57603,57604],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57606,43535],{},[260,57608,57609,57612,57615,57622],{},[263,57610,57611],{},"matches are based on equality",[263,57613,57614],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[263,57616,57617,1776,57619,57621],{},[15,57618,358],{},[15,57620,3520],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[263,57623,57624],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[337,57626,57628],{"id":57627},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[51,57630,57632],{"className":53,"code":57631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57633,57634,57667,57691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57637,3983],{"class":66},[60,57639,71],{"class":70},[60,57641,1512],{"class":74},[60,57643,79],{"class":78},[60,57645,495],{"class":82},[60,57647,79],{"class":78},[60,57649,88],{"class":74},[60,57651,91],{"class":78},[60,57653,57654],{"class":82},"Apple",[60,57656,79],{"class":78},[60,57658,88],{"class":74},[60,57660,91],{"class":78},[60,57662,495],{"class":82},[60,57664,79],{"class":78},[60,57666,1525],{"class":74},[60,57668,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57670,140],{"class":139},[60,57672,124],{"class":74},[60,57674,4025],{"class":120},[60,57676,117],{"class":74},[60,57678,41144],{"class":120},[60,57680,124],{"class":74},[60,57682,79],{"class":78},[60,57684,495],{"class":82},[60,57686,79],{"class":78},[60,57688,5271],{"class":74},[60,57690,51301],{"class":177},[60,57692,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,57694,140],{"class":139},[60,57696,124],{"class":74},[60,57698,4025],{"class":120},[60,57700,117],{"class":74},[60,57702,41144],{"class":120},[60,57704,124],{"class":74},[60,57706,79],{"class":78},[60,57708,57654],{"class":82},[60,57710,79],{"class":78},[60,57712,5271],{"class":74},[60,57714,27665],{"class":177},[20,57716,57717,1776,57720,57723],{},[15,57718,57719],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57721,57722],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[337,57725,57727,1776,57729,57731],{"id":57726},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57728,358],{},[15,57730,3520],{}," can match",[51,57733,57735],{"className":53,"code":57734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57736,57737,57761,57781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57738,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57740,3736],{"class":66},[60,57742,71],{"class":70},[60,57744,1512],{"class":74},[60,57746,358],{"class":357},[60,57748,88],{"class":74},[60,57750,3828],{"class":734},[60,57752,88],{"class":74},[60,57754,363],{"class":357},[60,57756,88],{"class":74},[60,57758,5408],{"class":357},[60,57760,1525],{"class":74},[60,57762,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57764,140],{"class":139},[60,57766,124],{"class":74},[60,57768,5268],{"class":120},[60,57770,117],{"class":74},[60,57772,41144],{"class":120},[60,57774,124],{"class":74},[60,57776,358],{"class":357},[60,57778,5271],{"class":74},[60,57780,50804],{"class":177},[60,57782,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,57784,140],{"class":139},[60,57786,124],{"class":74},[60,57788,5268],{"class":120},[60,57790,117],{"class":74},[60,57792,41144],{"class":120},[60,57794,124],{"class":74},[60,57796,3520],{"class":734},[60,57798,5271],{"class":74},[60,57800,50656],{"class":177},[20,57802,4321],{},[20,57804,57805],{},"In Python:",[260,57807,57808,57813],{},[263,57809,57810],{},[15,57811,57812],{},"True == 1",[263,57814,57815],{},[15,57816,57817],{},"False == 0",[20,57819,53539,57820,57822],{},[15,57821,57176],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[337,57824,57826],{"id":57825},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[51,57828,57830],{"className":53,"code":57829,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57831,57832,57874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57833,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57835,486],{"class":66},[60,57837,71],{"class":70},[60,57839,56179],{"class":74},[60,57841,358],{"class":357},[60,57843,88],{"class":74},[60,57845,363],{"class":357},[60,57847,17952],{"class":74},[60,57849,1512],{"class":74},[60,57851,389],{"class":357},[60,57853,88],{"class":74},[60,57855,373],{"class":357},[60,57857,17952],{"class":74},[60,57859,1512],{"class":74},[60,57861,358],{"class":357},[60,57863,88],{"class":74},[60,57865,363],{"class":357},[60,57867,17952],{"class":74},[60,57869,1512],{"class":74},[60,57871,358],{"class":357},[60,57873,53128],{"class":74},[60,57875,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57877,140],{"class":139},[60,57879,124],{"class":74},[60,57881,517],{"class":120},[60,57883,117],{"class":74},[60,57885,41144],{"class":120},[60,57887,1641],{"class":74},[60,57889,358],{"class":357},[60,57891,88],{"class":74},[60,57893,363],{"class":357},[60,57895,4646],{"class":74},[60,57897,51301],{"class":177},[20,57899,57900],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[46,57902,57904],{"id":57903},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[337,57906,57908],{"id":57907},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[51,57910,57912],{"className":53,"code":57911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57913,57914,57942,57960,57964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57915,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57917,350],{"class":66},[60,57919,71],{"class":70},[60,57921,1512],{"class":74},[60,57923,2250],{"class":357},[60,57925,88],{"class":74},[60,57927,7702],{"class":357},[60,57929,88],{"class":74},[60,57931,5916],{"class":357},[60,57933,88],{"class":74},[60,57935,7707],{"class":357},[60,57937,88],{"class":74},[60,57939,5916],{"class":357},[60,57941,1525],{"class":74},[60,57943,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57945,688],{"class":66},[60,57947,71],{"class":70},[60,57949,1294],{"class":66},[60,57951,117],{"class":74},[60,57953,41144],{"class":120},[60,57955,124],{"class":74},[60,57957,2250],{"class":357},[60,57959,133],{"class":74},[60,57961,57962],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,57963,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,57965,57966,57968,57970,57972],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,57967,140],{"class":139},[60,57969,124],{"class":74},[60,57971,720],{"class":120},[60,57973,133],{"class":74},[20,57975,404],{},[51,57977,57978],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,57979,57980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57981,57982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57983,46501],{"class":357},[337,57985,57987],{"id":57986},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[51,57989,57991],{"className":53,"code":57990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57992,57993,58035,58057,58061],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57994,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58031,58033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57996,3983],{"class":66},[60,57998,71],{"class":70},[60,58000,1512],{"class":74},[60,58002,79],{"class":78},[60,58004,36931],{"class":82},[60,58006,79],{"class":78},[60,58008,88],{"class":74},[60,58010,91],{"class":78},[60,58012,58013],{"class":82},"dog",[60,58015,79],{"class":78},[60,58017,88],{"class":74},[60,58019,91],{"class":78},[60,58021,36931],{"class":82},[60,58023,79],{"class":78},[60,58025,88],{"class":74},[60,58027,91],{"class":78},[60,58029,58030],{"class":82},"bird",[60,58032,79],{"class":78},[60,58034,1525],{"class":74},[60,58036,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58038,688],{"class":66},[60,58040,71],{"class":70},[60,58042,6080],{"class":66},[60,58044,117],{"class":74},[60,58046,41144],{"class":120},[60,58048,124],{"class":74},[60,58050,79],{"class":78},[60,58052,36931],{"class":82},[60,58054,79],{"class":78},[60,58056,133],{"class":74},[60,58058,58059],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58060,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,58062,58063,58065,58067,58069],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58064,140],{"class":139},[60,58066,124],{"class":74},[60,58068,720],{"class":120},[60,58070,133],{"class":74},[20,58072,404],{},[51,58074,58075],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58076,58077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58078,58079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58080,16947],{"class":357},[337,58082,58084],{"id":58083},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[51,58086,58088],{"className":53,"code":58087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58089,58090,58114,58132,58136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58091,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58093,350],{"class":66},[60,58095,71],{"class":70},[60,58097,1512],{"class":74},[60,58099,358],{"class":357},[60,58101,88],{"class":74},[60,58103,363],{"class":357},[60,58105,88],{"class":74},[60,58107,368],{"class":357},[60,58109,88],{"class":74},[60,58111,373],{"class":357},[60,58113,1525],{"class":74},[60,58115,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58117,688],{"class":66},[60,58119,71],{"class":70},[60,58121,1294],{"class":66},[60,58123,117],{"class":74},[60,58125,41144],{"class":120},[60,58127,124],{"class":74},[60,58129,2056],{"class":357},[60,58131,133],{"class":74},[60,58133,58134],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58135,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,58137,58138,58140,58142,58144],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58139,140],{"class":139},[60,58141,124],{"class":74},[60,58143,720],{"class":120},[60,58145,133],{"class":74},[20,58147,404],{},[51,58149,58150],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58151,58152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58153,58154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58155,47136],{"class":357},[337,58157,58159],{"id":58158},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[51,58161,58163],{"className":53,"code":58162,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58164,58165,58211,58233,58237],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58168,1613],{"class":66},[60,58170,71],{"class":70},[60,58172,56179],{"class":74},[60,58174,358],{"class":357},[60,58176,88],{"class":74},[60,58178,363],{"class":357},[60,58180,17952],{"class":74},[60,58182,1512],{"class":74},[60,58184,358],{"class":357},[60,58186,88],{"class":74},[60,58188,363],{"class":357},[60,58190,17952],{"class":74},[60,58192,1512],{"class":74},[60,58194,1303],{"class":357},[60,58196,88],{"class":74},[60,58198,368],{"class":357},[60,58200,17952],{"class":74},[60,58202,1512],{"class":74},[60,58204,358],{"class":357},[60,58206,88],{"class":74},[60,58208,363],{"class":357},[60,58210,53128],{"class":74},[60,58212,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58214,688],{"class":66},[60,58216,71],{"class":70},[60,58218,14457],{"class":66},[60,58220,117],{"class":74},[60,58222,41144],{"class":120},[60,58224,1641],{"class":74},[60,58226,358],{"class":357},[60,58228,88],{"class":74},[60,58230,363],{"class":357},[60,58232,1646],{"class":74},[60,58234,58235],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58236,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,58238,58239,58241,58243,58245],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58240,140],{"class":139},[60,58242,124],{"class":74},[60,58244,720],{"class":120},[60,58246,133],{"class":74},[20,58248,404],{},[51,58250,58251],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58252,58253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58254,58255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58256,46501],{"class":357},[46,58258,1220,58260],{"id":58259},"when-to-use-count",[15,58261,57176],{},[20,58263,243,58264,58266],{},[15,58265,57176],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58268,58269],{},"Good use cases:",[260,58271,58272,58275,58278],{},[263,58273,58274],{},"counting one specific item",[263,58276,58277],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[263,58279,58280],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58282,2127],{},[51,58284,58286],{"className":53,"code":58285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58287,58288,58329,58353,58357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58289,58290,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58291,58292],{"class":66},"votes ",[60,58294,71],{"class":70},[60,58296,1512],{"class":74},[60,58298,79],{"class":78},[60,58300,8570],{"class":82},[60,58302,79],{"class":78},[60,58304,88],{"class":74},[60,58306,91],{"class":78},[60,58308,8510],{"class":82},[60,58310,79],{"class":78},[60,58312,88],{"class":74},[60,58314,91],{"class":78},[60,58316,8570],{"class":82},[60,58318,79],{"class":78},[60,58320,88],{"class":74},[60,58322,91],{"class":78},[60,58324,8570],{"class":82},[60,58326,79],{"class":78},[60,58328,1525],{"class":74},[60,58330,58331,58334,58336,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58332,58333],{"class":66},"yes_votes ",[60,58335,71],{"class":70},[60,58337,58338],{"class":66}," votes",[60,58340,117],{"class":74},[60,58342,41144],{"class":120},[60,58344,124],{"class":74},[60,58346,79],{"class":78},[60,58348,8570],{"class":82},[60,58350,79],{"class":78},[60,58352,133],{"class":74},[60,58354,58355],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58356,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,58358,58359,58361,58363,58366],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58360,140],{"class":139},[60,58362,124],{"class":74},[60,58364,58365],{"class":120},"yes_votes",[60,58367,133],{"class":74},[20,58369,58370,58372],{},[15,58371,57176],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58374,58375,58376,1776,58378,117],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[30,58377,52658],{"href":50865},[30,58379,58381],{"href":58380},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[46,58383,1245],{"id":1244},[20,58385,1248,58386,117],{},[15,58387,57181],{},[337,58389,58391],{"id":58390},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58393,58394,58396],{},[15,58395,57181],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[51,58398,58400],{"className":53,"code":58399,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58401,58402,58435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58405,3983],{"class":66},[60,58407,71],{"class":70},[60,58409,1512],{"class":74},[60,58411,79],{"class":78},[60,58413,58414],{"class":82},"apple pie",[60,58416,79],{"class":78},[60,58418,88],{"class":74},[60,58420,91],{"class":78},[60,58422,504],{"class":82},[60,58424,79],{"class":78},[60,58426,88],{"class":74},[60,58428,91],{"class":78},[60,58430,58414],{"class":82},[60,58432,79],{"class":78},[60,58434,1525],{"class":74},[60,58436,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58438,140],{"class":139},[60,58440,124],{"class":74},[60,58442,4025],{"class":120},[60,58444,117],{"class":74},[60,58446,41144],{"class":120},[60,58448,124],{"class":74},[60,58450,79],{"class":78},[60,58452,495],{"class":82},[60,58454,79],{"class":78},[60,58456,5271],{"class":74},[60,58458,51133],{"class":177},[20,58460,2405,58461,1779],{},[15,58462,2039],{},[20,58464,28946,58465,58467,58468,117],{},[15,58466,57719],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58469,58470],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58472,58473,58474,117],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58475,58476],{},"str.count()",[337,58478,1254,58480,8368,58482,288,58484],{"id":58479},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58481,57176],{},[15,58483,3520],{},[15,58485,3588],{},[20,58487,58488,58490],{},[15,58489,57176],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[51,58492,58494],{"className":53,"code":58493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58495,58496,58520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58497,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58499,350],{"class":66},[60,58501,71],{"class":70},[60,58503,1512],{"class":74},[60,58505,358],{"class":357},[60,58507,88],{"class":74},[60,58509,363],{"class":357},[60,58511,88],{"class":74},[60,58513,363],{"class":357},[60,58515,88],{"class":74},[60,58517,368],{"class":357},[60,58519,1525],{"class":74},[60,58521,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58523,140],{"class":139},[60,58525,124],{"class":74},[60,58527,380],{"class":120},[60,58529,117],{"class":74},[60,58531,41144],{"class":120},[60,58533,124],{"class":74},[60,58535,1303],{"class":357},[60,58537,5271],{"class":74},[60,58539,51301],{"class":177},[20,58541,58542],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[51,58544,58546],{"className":53,"code":58545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58547,58548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58549,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58551,140],{"class":139},[60,58553,124],{"class":74},[60,58555,1303],{"class":357},[60,58557,1163],{"class":1153},[60,58559,1294],{"class":120},[60,58561,174],{"class":74},[60,58563,3578],{"class":177},[337,58565,58567],{"id":58566},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[51,58569,58571],{"className":53,"code":58570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58572,58573,58606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58574,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58602,58604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58576,4905],{"class":66},[60,58578,71],{"class":70},[60,58580,1512],{"class":74},[60,58582,79],{"class":78},[60,58584,7589],{"class":82},[60,58586,79],{"class":78},[60,58588,88],{"class":74},[60,58590,91],{"class":78},[60,58592,20107],{"class":82},[60,58594,79],{"class":78},[60,58596,88],{"class":74},[60,58598,91],{"class":78},[60,58600,58601],{"class":82},"SAM",[60,58603,79],{"class":78},[60,58605,1525],{"class":74},[60,58607,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58609,140],{"class":139},[60,58611,124],{"class":74},[60,58613,4949],{"class":120},[60,58615,117],{"class":74},[60,58617,41144],{"class":120},[60,58619,124],{"class":74},[60,58621,79],{"class":78},[60,58623,20107],{"class":82},[60,58625,79],{"class":78},[60,58627,5271],{"class":74},[60,58629,27665],{"class":177},[20,58631,58632,58633,58636],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58634,58635],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[337,58638,29535,58640,33433],{"id":58639},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58641,57176],{},[20,58643,58644],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[51,58646,58648],{"className":53,"code":58647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58649,58650,58660,58674,58692,58706,58718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58651,58652,58654,58656,58658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58653,140],{"class":139},[60,58655,124],{"class":74},[60,58657,8252],{"class":120},[60,58659,133],{"class":74},[60,58661,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58663,140],{"class":139},[60,58665,124],{"class":74},[60,58667,1684],{"class":1683},[60,58669,124],{"class":74},[60,58671,8252],{"class":120},[60,58673,1691],{"class":74},[60,58675,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58677,140],{"class":139},[60,58679,124],{"class":74},[60,58681,8252],{"class":120},[60,58683,117],{"class":74},[60,58685,41144],{"class":120},[60,58687,124],{"class":74},[60,58689,315],{"class":120},[60,58691,1691],{"class":74},[60,58693,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58695,140],{"class":139},[60,58697,124],{"class":74},[60,58699,1700],{"class":120},[60,58701,1703],{"class":1153},[60,58703,8309],{"class":120},[60,58705,133],{"class":74},[60,58707,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,58709,5869],{"class":1153},[60,58711,5872],{"class":66},[60,58713,1703],{"class":1153},[60,58715,8309],{"class":66},[60,58717,1168],{"class":74},[60,58719,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,58721,7981],{"class":139},[60,58723,124],{"class":74},[60,58725,41664],{"class":139},[60,58727,124],{"class":74},[60,58729,23197],{"class":120},[60,58731,1691],{"class":74},[20,58733,58734],{},"These checks can help you see:",[260,58736,58737,58740,58743],{},[263,58738,58739],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[263,58741,58742],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[263,58744,58745],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58747,58748],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[260,58750,58751,58756,58759,58766],{},[263,58752,50377,58753,58755],{},[15,58754,57176],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[263,58757,58758],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[263,58760,11009,58761,58763,58764],{},[15,58762,57181],{}," with string ",[15,58765,57176],{},[263,58767,58768],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[46,58770,1746],{"id":1745},[337,58772,12599,58774,58776],{"id":58773},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58775,57181],{}," change the list?",[20,58778,58779],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[337,58781,58783],{"id":58782},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58785,11805,58786,117],{},[15,58787,2039],{},[337,58789,5079,58791,58793],{"id":58790},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58792,57181],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58795,58796],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[337,58798,14794,58800,58802],{"id":58799},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58801,57181],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58804,42037,58805,1776,58807,58809],{},[15,58806,57722],{},[15,58808,57719],{}," are different values.",[337,58811,5067,58813,58815,58816,1779],{"id":58812},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58814,3520],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58817,358],{},[20,58819,8697,58820,58822,58823,1776,58825,58822,58827,117],{},[15,58821,3520],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58824,358],{},[15,58826,3588],{},[15,58828,2039],{},[46,58830,1808],{"id":1807},[260,58832,58833,58837,58843,58847,58855,58862],{},[263,58834,58835],{},[30,58836,52658],{"href":50865},[263,58838,58839],{},[30,58840,58842],{"href":58841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[263,58844,58845],{},[30,58846,6847],{"href":6109},[263,58848,58849],{},[30,58850,55406,58852,1818],{"href":58851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58853,58854],{},"index()",[263,58856,58857],{},[30,58858,3491,58860],{"href":58859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58861,42245],{},[263,58863,58864],{},[30,58865,58866],{"href":58380},"What is a list in Python",[1841,58868,58869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":58871},[58872,58873,58875,58876,58877,58883,58889,58891,58899,58910],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":57273,"depth":111,"text":58874},"What list.count() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904},{"id":57595,"depth":111,"text":57596,"children":58878},[58879,58880,58882],{"id":57627,"depth":136,"text":57628},{"id":57726,"depth":136,"text":58881},"1 and True can match",{"id":57825,"depth":136,"text":57826},{"id":57903,"depth":111,"text":57904,"children":58884},[58885,58886,58887,58888],{"id":57907,"depth":136,"text":57908},{"id":57986,"depth":136,"text":57987},{"id":58083,"depth":136,"text":58084},{"id":58158,"depth":136,"text":58159},{"id":58259,"depth":111,"text":58890},"When to use count()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":58892},[58893,58894,58896,58897],{"id":58390,"depth":136,"text":58391},{"id":58479,"depth":136,"text":58895},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58566,"depth":136,"text":58567},{"id":58639,"depth":136,"text":58898},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":58900},[58901,58903,58904,58906,58908],{"id":58773,"depth":136,"text":58902},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58782,"depth":136,"text":58783},{"id":58790,"depth":136,"text":58905},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58799,"depth":136,"text":58907},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58812,"depth":136,"text":58909},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57168,"description":58911},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58918,"title":58919,"body":58920,"description":60883,"extension":1883,"meta":60884,"navigation":152,"path":60885,"seo":60886,"stem":60887,"__hash__":60888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58921,"toc":60846},[58922,58925,58928,58930,59058,59062,59143,59154,59156,59175,59179,59182,59185,59203,59205,59248,59252,59277,59286,59290,59295,59298,59415,59419,59488,59492,59504,59508,59511,59552,59556,59569,59572,59657,59661,59694,59701,59707,59712,59714,59726,59730,59763,59767,59799,59803,59840,59844,59864,59868,59902,59906,59935,59946,59950,59953,59956,59969,60026,60030,60069,60075,60078,60080,60083,60087,60090,60115,60117,60142,60149,60152,60197,60201,60220,60223,60262,60269,60274,60308,60312,60413,60420,60453,60457,60483,60487,60490,60528,60531,60568,60572,60575,60594,60598,60659,60661,60679,60683,60686,60689,60718,60720,60724,60727,60735,60739,60742,60762,60768,60774,60778,60781,60788,60796,60798,60837,60843],[10,58923,58919],{"id":58924},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58926,58927],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[46,58929,3525],{"id":3524},[51,58931,58933],{"className":53,"code":58932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58934,58935,58955,58987,58995,59013,59017,59027,59037,59048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58936,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58938,350],{"class":66},[60,58940,71],{"class":70},[60,58942,1512],{"class":74},[60,58944,358],{"class":357},[60,58946,88],{"class":74},[60,58948,363],{"class":357},[60,58950,88],{"class":74},[60,58952,368],{"class":357},[60,58954,1525],{"class":74},[60,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58958,4905],{"class":66},[60,58960,71],{"class":70},[60,58962,1512],{"class":74},[60,58964,79],{"class":78},[60,58966,12774],{"class":82},[60,58968,79],{"class":78},[60,58970,88],{"class":74},[60,58972,91],{"class":78},[60,58974,35827],{"class":82},[60,58976,79],{"class":78},[60,58978,88],{"class":74},[60,58980,91],{"class":78},[60,58982,35836],{"class":82},[60,58984,79],{"class":78},[60,58986,1525],{"class":74},[60,58988,58989,58991,58993],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,58990,55816],{"class":66},[60,58992,71],{"class":70},[60,58994,7750],{"class":74},[60,58996,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,58998,1411],{"class":66},[60,59000,71],{"class":70},[60,59002,22446],{"class":1683},[60,59004,124],{"class":74},[60,59006,79],{"class":78},[60,59008,41445],{"class":82},[60,59010,79],{"class":78},[60,59012,133],{"class":74},[60,59014,59015],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,59016,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59018,59019,59021,59023,59025],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,59020,140],{"class":139},[60,59022,124],{"class":74},[60,59024,380],{"class":120},[60,59026,133],{"class":74},[60,59028,59029,59031,59033,59035],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,59030,140],{"class":139},[60,59032,124],{"class":74},[60,59034,4949],{"class":120},[60,59036,133],{"class":74},[60,59038,59039,59041,59043,59046],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,59040,140],{"class":139},[60,59042,124],{"class":74},[60,59044,59045],{"class":120},"empty_list",[60,59047,133],{"class":74},[60,59049,59050,59052,59054,59056],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,59051,140],{"class":139},[60,59053,124],{"class":74},[60,59055,1446],{"class":120},[60,59057,133],{"class":74},[20,59059,59060],{},[41,59061,404],{},[51,59063,59065],{"className":53,"code":59064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59066,59067,59083,59111,59115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59068,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59070,3812],{"class":74},[60,59072,358],{"class":357},[60,59074,88],{"class":74},[60,59076,363],{"class":357},[60,59078,88],{"class":74},[60,59080,368],{"class":357},[60,59082,1525],{"class":74},[60,59084,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59086,3812],{"class":74},[60,59088,205],{"class":78},[60,59090,12774],{"class":82},[60,59092,205],{"class":78},[60,59094,88],{"class":74},[60,59096,214],{"class":78},[60,59098,35827],{"class":82},[60,59100,205],{"class":78},[60,59102,88],{"class":74},[60,59104,214],{"class":78},[60,59106,35836],{"class":82},[60,59108,205],{"class":78},[60,59110,1525],{"class":74},[60,59112,59113],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59114,38181],{"class":74},[60,59116,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,59118,3812],{"class":74},[60,59120,205],{"class":78},[60,59122,30],{"class":82},[60,59124,205],{"class":78},[60,59126,88],{"class":74},[60,59128,214],{"class":78},[60,59130,1428],{"class":82},[60,59132,205],{"class":78},[60,59134,88],{"class":74},[60,59136,214],{"class":78},[60,59138,1437],{"class":82},[60,59140,205],{"class":78},[60,59142,1525],{"class":74},[20,59144,59145,59146,59148,59149,59151,59152,117],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59147,3700],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59150,24667],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59153,36083],{},[46,59155,15054],{"id":15053},[260,59157,59158,59161,59164,59167,59172],{},[263,59159,59160],{},"What a list is in Python",[263,59162,59163],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[263,59165,59166],{},"How to create an empty list",[263,59168,59169,59170,2222],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59171,24667],{},[263,59173,59174],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[46,59176,59178],{"id":59177},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59180,59181],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59183,59184],{},"This means:",[260,59186,59187,59190,59193,59196],{},[263,59188,59189],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[263,59191,59192],{},"The order of items is kept",[263,59194,59195],{},"A list can hold different data types",[263,59197,59198,59199,59202],{},"A list is ",[41,59200,59201],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59204,2127],{},[51,59206,59208],{"className":53,"code":59207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59209,59210,59234,59238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59211,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59213,486],{"class":66},[60,59215,71],{"class":70},[60,59217,1512],{"class":74},[60,59219,79],{"class":78},[60,59221,495],{"class":82},[60,59223,79],{"class":78},[60,59225,88],{"class":74},[60,59227,5916],{"class":357},[60,59229,88],{"class":74},[60,59231,3828],{"class":734},[60,59233,1525],{"class":74},[60,59235,59236],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59237,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59239,59240,59242,59244,59246],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59241,140],{"class":139},[60,59243,124],{"class":74},[60,59245,517],{"class":120},[60,59247,133],{"class":74},[20,59249,59250],{},[41,59251,404],{},[51,59253,59255],{"className":53,"code":59254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59256,59257],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59258,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59260,3812],{"class":74},[60,59262,205],{"class":78},[60,59264,495],{"class":82},[60,59266,205],{"class":78},[60,59268,88],{"class":74},[60,59270,5916],{"class":357},[60,59272,88],{"class":74},[60,59274,3828],{"class":734},[60,59276,1525],{"class":74},[20,59278,59279,59280,288,59283,117],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[30,59281,59282],{"href":50865},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[30,59284,59285],{"href":58380},"What is a List in Python?",[46,59287,59289],{"id":59288},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59291,59145,59292,59294],{},[15,59293,3700],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59296,59297],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[51,59299,59301],{"className":53,"code":59300,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59302,59303,59323,59355,59380,59384,59394,59404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59304,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59306,350],{"class":66},[60,59308,71],{"class":70},[60,59310,1512],{"class":74},[60,59312,358],{"class":357},[60,59314,88],{"class":74},[60,59316,363],{"class":357},[60,59318,88],{"class":74},[60,59320,368],{"class":357},[60,59322,1525],{"class":74},[60,59324,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59326,4905],{"class":66},[60,59328,71],{"class":70},[60,59330,1512],{"class":74},[60,59332,79],{"class":78},[60,59334,12774],{"class":82},[60,59336,79],{"class":78},[60,59338,88],{"class":74},[60,59340,91],{"class":78},[60,59342,35827],{"class":82},[60,59344,79],{"class":78},[60,59346,88],{"class":74},[60,59348,91],{"class":78},[60,59350,35836],{"class":82},[60,59352,79],{"class":78},[60,59354,1525],{"class":74},[60,59356,59357,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59358,59359],{"class":66},"mixed ",[60,59361,71],{"class":70},[60,59363,1512],{"class":74},[60,59365,2250],{"class":357},[60,59367,88],{"class":74},[60,59369,91],{"class":78},[60,59371,3759],{"class":82},[60,59373,79],{"class":78},[60,59375,88],{"class":74},[60,59377,3819],{"class":734},[60,59379,1525],{"class":74},[60,59381,59382],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,59383,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59385,59386,59388,59390,59392],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,59387,140],{"class":139},[60,59389,124],{"class":74},[60,59391,380],{"class":120},[60,59393,133],{"class":74},[60,59395,59396,59398,59400,59402],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,59397,140],{"class":139},[60,59399,124],{"class":74},[60,59401,4949],{"class":120},[60,59403,133],{"class":74},[60,59405,59406,59408,59410,59413],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,59407,140],{"class":139},[60,59409,124],{"class":74},[60,59411,59412],{"class":120},"mixed",[60,59414,133],{"class":74},[20,59416,59417],{},[41,59418,404],{},[51,59420,59422],{"className":53,"code":59421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59423,59424,59440,59468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59425,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59427,3812],{"class":74},[60,59429,358],{"class":357},[60,59431,88],{"class":74},[60,59433,363],{"class":357},[60,59435,88],{"class":74},[60,59437,368],{"class":357},[60,59439,1525],{"class":74},[60,59441,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59443,3812],{"class":74},[60,59445,205],{"class":78},[60,59447,12774],{"class":82},[60,59449,205],{"class":78},[60,59451,88],{"class":74},[60,59453,214],{"class":78},[60,59455,35827],{"class":82},[60,59457,205],{"class":78},[60,59459,88],{"class":74},[60,59461,214],{"class":78},[60,59463,35836],{"class":82},[60,59465,205],{"class":78},[60,59467,1525],{"class":74},[60,59469,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59471,3812],{"class":74},[60,59473,2250],{"class":357},[60,59475,88],{"class":74},[60,59477,214],{"class":78},[60,59479,3759],{"class":82},[60,59481,205],{"class":78},[60,59483,88],{"class":74},[60,59485,3819],{"class":734},[60,59487,1525],{"class":74},[337,59489,59491],{"id":59490},"key-points","Key points",[260,59493,59494,59499,59501],{},[263,59495,243,59496,59498],{},[15,59497,3700],{}," to make a new list",[263,59500,15324],{},[263,59502,59503],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[46,59505,59507],{"id":59506},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59509,59510],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[51,59512,59514],{"className":53,"code":59513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59515,59516,59524,59528,59538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59517,59518,59520,59522],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59519,8221],{"class":66},[60,59521,71],{"class":70},[60,59523,7750],{"class":74},[60,59525,59526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59527,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59529,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59531,140],{"class":139},[60,59533,124],{"class":74},[60,59535,8252],{"class":120},[60,59537,133],{"class":74},[60,59539,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,59541,140],{"class":139},[60,59543,124],{"class":74},[60,59545,11064],{"class":139},[60,59547,124],{"class":74},[60,59549,8252],{"class":120},[60,59551,1691],{"class":74},[20,59553,59554],{},[41,59555,404],{},[51,59557,59559],{"className":53,"code":59558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[]\n0\n",[15,59560,59561,59565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59562,59563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59564,38181],{"class":74},[60,59566,59567],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59568,47136],{"class":357},[20,59570,59571],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[51,59573,59575],{"className":53,"code":59574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59576,59577,59585,59589,59607,59625,59643,59647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59578,59579,59581,59583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59580,4905],{"class":66},[60,59582,71],{"class":70},[60,59584,7750],{"class":74},[60,59586,59587],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59588,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59590,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,59592,4949],{"class":66},[60,59594,117],{"class":74},[60,59596,13444],{"class":120},[60,59598,124],{"class":74},[60,59600,79],{"class":78},[60,59602,12774],{"class":82},[60,59604,79],{"class":78},[60,59606,133],{"class":74},[60,59608,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,59610,4949],{"class":66},[60,59612,117],{"class":74},[60,59614,13444],{"class":120},[60,59616,124],{"class":74},[60,59618,79],{"class":78},[60,59620,35827],{"class":82},[60,59622,79],{"class":78},[60,59624,133],{"class":74},[60,59626,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,59628,4949],{"class":66},[60,59630,117],{"class":74},[60,59632,13444],{"class":120},[60,59634,124],{"class":74},[60,59636,79],{"class":78},[60,59638,35836],{"class":82},[60,59640,79],{"class":78},[60,59642,133],{"class":74},[60,59644,59645],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,59646,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,59648,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,59650,140],{"class":139},[60,59652,124],{"class":74},[60,59654,4949],{"class":120},[60,59656,133],{"class":74},[20,59658,59659],{},[41,59660,404],{},[51,59662,59664],{"className":53,"code":59663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59665,59666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59669,3812],{"class":74},[60,59671,205],{"class":78},[60,59673,12774],{"class":82},[60,59675,205],{"class":78},[60,59677,88],{"class":74},[60,59679,214],{"class":78},[60,59681,35827],{"class":82},[60,59683,205],{"class":78},[60,59685,88],{"class":74},[60,59687,214],{"class":78},[60,59689,35836],{"class":82},[60,59691,205],{"class":78},[60,59693,1525],{"class":74},[20,59695,59696,59697,117],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[30,59698,59699,1818],{"href":56654},[15,59700,52539],{},[46,59702,59704,59705],{"id":59703},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59706,24667],{},[20,59708,243,59709,59711],{},[15,59710,24667],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59713,5367],{},[260,59715,59716,59718,59720,59722],{},[263,59717,5218],{},[263,59719,5212],{},[263,59721,5215],{},[263,59723,59724],{},[15,59725,36083],{},[337,59727,59729],{"id":59728},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[51,59731,59733],{"className":53,"code":59732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59734,59735,59753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59738,1411],{"class":66},[60,59740,71],{"class":70},[60,59742,22446],{"class":1683},[60,59744,124],{"class":74},[60,59746,79],{"class":78},[60,59748,41445],{"class":82},[60,59750,79],{"class":78},[60,59752,133],{"class":74},[60,59754,59755,59757,59759,59761],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59756,140],{"class":139},[60,59758,124],{"class":74},[60,59760,1446],{"class":120},[60,59762,133],{"class":74},[20,59764,59765],{},[41,59766,404],{},[51,59768,59769],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59770,59771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59772,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59774,3812],{"class":74},[60,59776,205],{"class":78},[60,59778,30],{"class":82},[60,59780,205],{"class":78},[60,59782,88],{"class":74},[60,59784,214],{"class":78},[60,59786,1428],{"class":82},[60,59788,205],{"class":78},[60,59790,88],{"class":74},[60,59792,214],{"class":78},[60,59794,1437],{"class":82},[60,59796,205],{"class":78},[60,59798,1525],{"class":74},[337,59800,59802],{"id":59801},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[51,59804,59806],{"className":53,"code":59805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59807,59808,59830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59809,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59811,350],{"class":66},[60,59813,71],{"class":70},[60,59815,22446],{"class":1683},[60,59817,5421],{"class":74},[60,59819,358],{"class":357},[60,59821,88],{"class":74},[60,59823,363],{"class":357},[60,59825,88],{"class":74},[60,59827,368],{"class":357},[60,59829,1691],{"class":74},[60,59831,59832,59834,59836,59838],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59833,140],{"class":139},[60,59835,124],{"class":74},[60,59837,380],{"class":120},[60,59839,133],{"class":74},[20,59841,59842],{},[41,59843,404],{},[51,59845,59846],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59847,59848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59849,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59851,3812],{"class":74},[60,59853,358],{"class":357},[60,59855,88],{"class":74},[60,59857,363],{"class":357},[60,59859,88],{"class":74},[60,59861,368],{"class":357},[60,59863,1525],{"class":74},[337,59865,59867],{"id":59866},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[51,59869,59871],{"className":53,"code":59870,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59872,59873,59892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59886,59888,59890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59876,3736],{"class":66},[60,59878,71],{"class":70},[60,59880,22446],{"class":1683},[60,59882,124],{"class":74},[60,59884,59885],{"class":139},"range",[60,59887,124],{"class":74},[60,59889,2056],{"class":357},[60,59891,1691],{"class":74},[60,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59895,140],{"class":139},[60,59897,124],{"class":74},[60,59899,5268],{"class":120},[60,59901,133],{"class":74},[20,59903,59904],{},[41,59905,404],{},[51,59907,59909],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59910,59911],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59912,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59914,3812],{"class":74},[60,59916,2039],{"class":357},[60,59918,88],{"class":74},[60,59920,5408],{"class":357},[60,59922,88],{"class":74},[60,59924,363],{"class":357},[60,59926,88],{"class":74},[60,59928,368],{"class":357},[60,59930,88],{"class":74},[60,59932,373],{"class":357},[60,59934,1525],{"class":74},[20,59936,59937,59939,59940,117],{},[15,59938,24667],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[30,59941,59943,59945],{"href":59942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59944,24667],{},": Function Explained",[46,59947,59949],{"id":59948},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59951,59952],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59954,59955],{},"Examples include:",[260,59957,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966],{},[263,59959,5218],{},[263,59961,40308],{},[263,59963,51932],{},[263,59965,40478],{},[263,59967,59968],{},"other lists",[51,59970,59972],{"className":53,"code":59971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59973,59974,60012,60016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59975,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59977,1613],{"class":66},[60,59979,71],{"class":70},[60,59981,1512],{"class":74},[60,59983,79],{"class":78},[60,59985,12774],{"class":82},[60,59987,79],{"class":78},[60,59989,88],{"class":74},[60,59991,9213],{"class":357},[60,59993,88],{"class":74},[60,59995,3828],{"class":734},[60,59997,88],{"class":74},[60,59999,1512],{"class":74},[60,60001,358],{"class":357},[60,60003,88],{"class":74},[60,60005,363],{"class":357},[60,60007,88],{"class":74},[60,60009,368],{"class":357},[60,60011,53128],{"class":74},[60,60013,60014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60015,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,60017,60018,60020,60022,60024],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,60019,140],{"class":139},[60,60021,124],{"class":74},[60,60023,1634],{"class":120},[60,60025,133],{"class":74},[20,60027,60028],{},[41,60029,404],{},[51,60031,60033],{"className":53,"code":60032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60034,60035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60036,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60038,3812],{"class":74},[60,60040,205],{"class":78},[60,60042,12774],{"class":82},[60,60044,205],{"class":78},[60,60046,88],{"class":74},[60,60048,9213],{"class":357},[60,60050,88],{"class":74},[60,60052,3828],{"class":734},[60,60054,88],{"class":74},[60,60056,1512],{"class":74},[60,60058,358],{"class":357},[60,60060,88],{"class":74},[60,60062,363],{"class":357},[60,60064,88],{"class":74},[60,60066,368],{"class":357},[60,60068,53128],{"class":74},[20,60070,60071,60072,117],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[41,60073,60074],{},"nested list",[20,60076,60077],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[46,60079,4430],{"id":4429},[20,60081,60082],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[337,60084,60086],{"id":60085},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60088,60089],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[51,60091,60093],{"className":53,"code":60092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60094,60095,60099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60096,60097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60098,4446],{"class":177},[60,60100,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60102,350],{"class":66},[60,60104,71],{"class":70},[60,60106,1512],{"class":74},[60,60108,358],{"class":357},[60,60110,363],{"class":357},[60,60112,368],{"class":357},[60,60114,1525],{"class":74},[20,60116,10711],{},[51,60118,60120],{"className":53,"code":60119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60121,60122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60123,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60125,350],{"class":66},[60,60127,71],{"class":70},[60,60129,1512],{"class":74},[60,60131,358],{"class":357},[60,60133,88],{"class":74},[60,60135,363],{"class":357},[60,60137,88],{"class":74},[60,60139,368],{"class":357},[60,60141,1525],{"class":74},[337,60143,8331,60145,10994,60147],{"id":60144},"using-instead-of",[15,60146,7277],{},[15,60148,3700],{},[20,60150,60151],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[51,60153,60155],{"className":53,"code":60154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60156,60157,60178,60182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60158,60159,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60160,60161],{"class":66},"my_values ",[60,60163,71],{"class":70},[60,60165,9144],{"class":74},[60,60167,358],{"class":357},[60,60169,88],{"class":74},[60,60171,363],{"class":357},[60,60173,88],{"class":74},[60,60175,368],{"class":357},[60,60177,133],{"class":74},[60,60179,60180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60181,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,60183,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60195],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,60185,140],{"class":139},[60,60187,124],{"class":74},[60,60189,1684],{"class":1683},[60,60191,124],{"class":74},[60,60193,60194],{"class":120},"my_values",[60,60196,1691],{"class":74},[20,60198,60199],{},[41,60200,404],{},[51,60202,60204],{"className":53,"code":60203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60205,60206],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60207,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60209,3205],{"class":70},[60,60211,3208],{"class":1984},[60,60213,214],{"class":78},[60,60215,48838],{"class":82},[60,60217,205],{"class":78},[60,60219,3217],{"class":70},[20,60221,60222],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[51,60224,60226],{"className":53,"code":60225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60227,60228,60248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60229,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60231,60161],{"class":66},[60,60233,71],{"class":70},[60,60235,1512],{"class":74},[60,60237,358],{"class":357},[60,60239,88],{"class":74},[60,60241,363],{"class":357},[60,60243,88],{"class":74},[60,60245,368],{"class":357},[60,60247,1525],{"class":74},[60,60249,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60251,140],{"class":139},[60,60253,124],{"class":74},[60,60255,1684],{"class":1683},[60,60257,124],{"class":74},[60,60259,60194],{"class":120},[60,60261,1691],{"class":74},[337,60263,1254,60265,60268],{"id":60264},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60266,60267],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60270,60271,60273],{},[15,60272,24667],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[51,60275,60277],{"className":53,"code":60276,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60278,60279,60298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60280,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60294,60296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60282,688],{"class":66},[60,60284,71],{"class":70},[60,60286,22446],{"class":1683},[60,60288,124],{"class":74},[60,60290,79],{"class":78},[60,60292,60293],{"class":82},"hello world",[60,60295,79],{"class":78},[60,60297,133],{"class":74},[60,60299,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60301,140],{"class":139},[60,60303,124],{"class":74},[60,60305,720],{"class":120},[60,60307,133],{"class":74},[20,60309,60310],{},[41,60311,404],{},[51,60313,60315],{"className":53,"code":60314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60316,60317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60318,60319,60321,60323,60326,60328,60330,60332,60335,60337,60339,60341,60344,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60320,3812],{"class":74},[60,60322,205],{"class":78},[60,60324,60325],{"class":82},"h",[60,60327,205],{"class":78},[60,60329,88],{"class":74},[60,60331,214],{"class":78},[60,60333,60334],{"class":82},"e",[60,60336,205],{"class":78},[60,60338,88],{"class":74},[60,60340,214],{"class":78},[60,60342,60343],{"class":82},"l",[60,60345,205],{"class":78},[60,60347,88],{"class":74},[60,60349,214],{"class":78},[60,60351,60343],{"class":82},[60,60353,205],{"class":78},[60,60355,88],{"class":74},[60,60357,214],{"class":78},[60,60359,60360],{"class":82},"o",[60,60362,205],{"class":78},[60,60364,88],{"class":74},[60,60366,214],{"class":78},[60,60368,214],{"class":78},[60,60370,88],{"class":74},[60,60372,214],{"class":78},[60,60374,60375],{"class":82},"w",[60,60377,205],{"class":78},[60,60379,88],{"class":74},[60,60381,214],{"class":78},[60,60383,60360],{"class":82},[60,60385,205],{"class":78},[60,60387,88],{"class":74},[60,60389,214],{"class":78},[60,60391,60392],{"class":82},"r",[60,60394,205],{"class":78},[60,60396,88],{"class":74},[60,60398,214],{"class":78},[60,60400,60343],{"class":82},[60,60402,205],{"class":78},[60,60404,88],{"class":74},[60,60406,214],{"class":78},[60,60408,18658],{"class":82},[60,60410,205],{"class":78},[60,60412,1525],{"class":74},[20,60414,60415,60416,60419],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60417,60418],{},"split()"," instead:",[51,60421,60423],{"className":53,"code":60422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60424,60425,60443],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60426,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60428,3983],{"class":66},[60,60430,71],{"class":70},[60,60432,91],{"class":78},[60,60434,60293],{"class":82},[60,60436,79],{"class":78},[60,60438,117],{"class":74},[60,60440,34354],{"class":120},[60,60442,8555],{"class":74},[60,60444,60445,60447,60449,60451],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60446,140],{"class":139},[60,60448,124],{"class":74},[60,60450,4025],{"class":120},[60,60452,133],{"class":74},[20,60454,60455],{},[41,60456,404],{},[51,60458,60460],{"className":53,"code":60459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60461,60462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60463,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60479,60481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60465,3812],{"class":74},[60,60467,205],{"class":78},[60,60469,3759],{"class":82},[60,60471,205],{"class":78},[60,60473,88],{"class":74},[60,60475,214],{"class":78},[60,60477,60478],{"class":82},"world",[60,60480,205],{"class":78},[60,60482,1525],{"class":74},[337,60484,60486],{"id":60485},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60488,60489],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[51,60491,60493],{"className":53,"code":60492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60494,60495,60499],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60496,60497],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60498,4446],{"class":177},[60,60500,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60520,60522,60524,60526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60502,4905],{"class":66},[60,60504,71],{"class":70},[60,60506,1512],{"class":74},[60,60508,79],{"class":78},[60,60510,12774],{"class":82},[60,60512,79],{"class":78},[60,60514,88],{"class":74},[60,60516,91],{"class":78},[60,60518,60519],{"class":82},"Ben', ",[60,60521,79],{"class":78},[60,60523,35836],{"class":66},[60,60525,79],{"class":78},[60,60527,1525],{"class":82},[20,60529,60530],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[51,60532,60534],{"className":53,"code":60533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60535,60536],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60537,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60539,4905],{"class":66},[60,60541,71],{"class":70},[60,60543,1512],{"class":74},[60,60545,79],{"class":78},[60,60547,12774],{"class":82},[60,60549,79],{"class":78},[60,60551,88],{"class":74},[60,60553,91],{"class":78},[60,60555,35827],{"class":82},[60,60557,79],{"class":78},[60,60559,88],{"class":74},[60,60561,91],{"class":78},[60,60563,35836],{"class":82},[60,60565,79],{"class":78},[60,60567,1525],{"class":74},[337,60569,60571],{"id":60570},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60573,60574],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[260,60576,60577,60580,60583,60588],{},[263,60578,60579],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[263,60581,60582],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[263,60584,60585,60586],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60587,24667],{},[263,60589,1254,60590,60593],{},[15,60591,60592],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[337,60595,60597],{"id":60596},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[51,60599,60601],{"className":53,"code":60600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60602,60603,60613,60627,60641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60604,60605,60607,60609,60611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60606,140],{"class":139},[60,60608,124],{"class":74},[60,60610,8252],{"class":120},[60,60612,133],{"class":74},[60,60614,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60616,140],{"class":139},[60,60618,124],{"class":74},[60,60620,1684],{"class":1683},[60,60622,124],{"class":74},[60,60624,8252],{"class":120},[60,60626,1691],{"class":74},[60,60628,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,60630,140],{"class":139},[60,60632,124],{"class":74},[60,60634,11064],{"class":139},[60,60636,124],{"class":74},[60,60638,8252],{"class":120},[60,60640,1691],{"class":74},[60,60642,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,60644,140],{"class":139},[60,60646,124],{"class":74},[60,60648,8006],{"class":1683},[60,60650,124],{"class":74},[60,60652,59885],{"class":139},[60,60654,124],{"class":74},[60,60656,2056],{"class":357},[60,60658,2827],{"class":74},[20,60660,25894],{},[260,60662,60663,60666,60669,60672],{},[263,60664,60665],{},"what the list contains",[263,60667,60668],{},"whether the value is really a list",[263,60670,60671],{},"how many items it has",[263,60673,25905,60674,60676,60677],{},[15,60675,24667],{}," does with ",[15,60678,36083],{},[46,60680,60682],{"id":60681},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60684,60685],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60687,60688],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[260,60690,60691,60706,60711],{},[263,60692,243,60693,36,60697,16963,60701,60705],{},[30,60694,60695],{"href":56654},[15,60696,52539],{},[30,60698,60699],{"href":53230},[15,60700,53332],{},[30,60702,60703],{"href":53794},[15,60704,54154],{}," to add items later",[263,60707,243,60708,60710],{},[30,60709,59282],{"href":50865}," for a broader introduction",[263,60712,243,60713,60717],{},[30,60714,60715,59945],{"href":59942},[15,60716,24667],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[46,60719,1746],{"id":1745},[337,60721,60723],{"id":60722},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60725,60726],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[51,60728,60729],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60730,60731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60732,60733],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60734,38181],{"class":74},[337,60736,60738],{"id":60737},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60740,60741],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[51,60743,60744],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60745,60746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60747,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60749,3812],{"class":74},[60,60751,358],{"class":357},[60,60753,88],{"class":74},[60,60755,363],{"class":357},[60,60757,88],{"class":74},[60,60759,368],{"class":357},[60,60761,1525],{"class":74},[337,60763,1760,60765,60767],{"id":60764},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60766,24667],{}," do in Python?",[20,60769,60770,60771,60773],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60772,36083],{},", into a list.",[337,60775,60777],{"id":60776},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60779,60780],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[337,60782,1773,60784,1776,60786,1779],{"id":60783},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60785,3700],{},[15,60787,7277],{},[20,60789,60790,60792,60793,60795],{},[15,60791,3700],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60794,7277],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[46,60797,1808],{"id":1807},[260,60799,60800,60804,60810,60816,60822,60828,60832],{},[263,60801,60802],{},[30,60803,59282],{"href":50865},[263,60805,60806],{},[30,60807,55406,60808,18],{"href":56654},[15,60809,52539],{},[263,60811,60812],{},[30,60813,55406,60814,18],{"href":53230},[15,60815,53332],{},[263,60817,60818],{},[30,60819,55406,60820,18],{"href":53794},[15,60821,54154],{},[263,60823,60824],{},[30,60825,3491,60826,3495],{"href":59942},[15,60827,24667],{},[263,60829,60830],{},[30,60831,59285],{"href":58380},[263,60833,60834],{},[30,60835,60836],{"href":11959},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60838,60839,60840,60842],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60841,52539],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1841,60844,60845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":60847},[60848,60849,60850,60851,60854,60855,60861,60862,60872,60873,60882],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":59177,"depth":111,"text":59178},{"id":59288,"depth":111,"text":59289,"children":60852},[60853],{"id":59490,"depth":136,"text":59491},{"id":59506,"depth":111,"text":59507},{"id":59703,"depth":111,"text":60856,"children":60857},"Create a list with list()",[60858,60859,60860],{"id":59728,"depth":136,"text":59729},{"id":59801,"depth":136,"text":59802},{"id":59866,"depth":136,"text":59867},{"id":59948,"depth":111,"text":59949},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":60863},[60864,60865,60867,60869,60870,60871],{"id":60085,"depth":136,"text":60086},{"id":60144,"depth":136,"text":60866},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60264,"depth":136,"text":60868},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60485,"depth":136,"text":60486},{"id":60570,"depth":136,"text":60571},{"id":60596,"depth":136,"text":60597},{"id":60681,"depth":111,"text":60682},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":60874},[60875,60876,60877,60879,60880],{"id":60722,"depth":136,"text":60723},{"id":60737,"depth":136,"text":60738},{"id":60764,"depth":136,"text":60878},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60776,"depth":136,"text":60777},{"id":60783,"depth":136,"text":60881},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58919,"description":60883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60890,"title":60891,"body":60892,"description":62633,"extension":1883,"meta":62634,"navigation":152,"path":62635,"seo":62636,"stem":62637,"__hash__":62638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60893,"toc":62588},[60894,60899,60904,60907,60909,60980,60985,60990,60994,61008,61013,61015,61035,61040,61043,61066,61070,61075,61167,61169,61191,61197,61203,61210,61217,61223,61280,61286,61344,61346,61358,61366,61372,61377,61381,61438,61441,61445,61504,61507,61511,61569,61581,61585,61638,61641,61645,61651,61657,61719,61722,61783,61786,61842,61847,61849,61853,61860,61921,61926,61935,61991,61998,62002,62060,62069,62127,62131,62166,62170,62180,62183,62238,62252,62255,62370,62375,62379,62390,62392,62471,62481,62483,62488,62493,62500,62508,62514,62517,62523,62526,62532,62538,62540,62576,62585],[10,60895,54228,60897,18],{"id":60896},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60898,53332],{},[20,60900,60901,60903],{},[15,60902,53233],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60905,60906],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[46,60908,49],{"id":48},[51,60910,60912],{"className":53,"code":60911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60913,60914,60930,60947,60951,60966,60976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60915,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60917,350],{"class":66},[60,60919,71],{"class":70},[60,60921,1512],{"class":74},[60,60923,358],{"class":357},[60,60925,88],{"class":74},[60,60927,363],{"class":357},[60,60929,1525],{"class":74},[60,60931,60932,60935,60937,60939,60941,60943,60945],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60933,60934],{"class":66},"more_numbers ",[60,60936,71],{"class":70},[60,60938,1512],{"class":74},[60,60940,389],{"class":357},[60,60942,88],{"class":74},[60,60944,373],{"class":357},[60,60946,1525],{"class":74},[60,60948,60949],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,60950,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,60952,60953,60955,60957,60959,60961,60964],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,60954,380],{"class":66},[60,60956,117],{"class":74},[60,60958,53362],{"class":120},[60,60960,124],{"class":74},[60,60962,60963],{"class":120},"more_numbers",[60,60965,133],{"class":74},[60,60967,60968,60970,60972,60974],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,60969,140],{"class":139},[60,60971,124],{"class":74},[60,60973,380],{"class":120},[60,60975,133],{"class":74},[60,60977,60978],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,60979,52610],{"class":177},[20,60981,243,60982,60984],{},[15,60983,53332],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[46,60986,250,60988,253],{"id":60987},"what-listextend-does",[15,60989,53233],{},[20,60991,60992,258],{},[15,60993,53332],{},[260,60995,60996,60999,61001,61004],{},[263,60997,60998],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[263,61000,54314],{},[263,61002,61003],{},"Does not create a new list",[263,61005,274,61006],{},[15,61007,277],{},[20,61009,61010,61011,53687],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61012,53332],{},[46,61014,296],{"id":295},[51,61016,61018],{"className":53,"code":61017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61019,61020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61021,61022,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61023,61024],{"class":66},"list_name",[60,61026,117],{"class":74},[60,61028,53362],{"class":120},[60,61030,124],{"class":74},[60,61032,3634],{"class":120},[60,61034,133],{"class":74},[20,61036,5362,61037,61039],{},[41,61038,3634],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61041,61042],{},"Common iterables include:",[260,61044,61045,61049,61053,61057,61062],{},[263,61046,61047],{},[15,61048,8006],{},[263,61050,61051],{},[15,61052,48838],{},[263,61054,61055],{},[15,61056,1718],{},[263,61058,61059],{},[15,61060,61061],{},"string",[263,61063,61064],{},[15,61065,59885],{},[46,61067,61069],{"id":61068},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61071,61072,61073,258],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61074,53332],{},[51,61076,61078],{"className":53,"code":61077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61079,61080,61104,61129,61133,61148,61152,61162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61081,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61083,852],{"class":66},[60,61085,71],{"class":70},[60,61087,1512],{"class":74},[60,61089,79],{"class":78},[60,61091,495],{"class":82},[60,61093,79],{"class":78},[60,61095,88],{"class":74},[60,61097,91],{"class":78},[60,61099,504],{"class":82},[60,61101,79],{"class":78},[60,61103,1525],{"class":74},[60,61105,61106,61109,61111,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61107,61108],{"class":66},"more_fruits ",[60,61110,71],{"class":70},[60,61112,1512],{"class":74},[60,61114,79],{"class":78},[60,61116,528],{"class":82},[60,61118,79],{"class":78},[60,61120,88],{"class":74},[60,61122,91],{"class":78},[60,61124,1084],{"class":82},[60,61126,79],{"class":78},[60,61128,1525],{"class":74},[60,61130,61131],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61132,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61134,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143,61146],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61136,913],{"class":66},[60,61138,117],{"class":74},[60,61140,53362],{"class":120},[60,61142,124],{"class":74},[60,61144,61145],{"class":120},"more_fruits",[60,61147,133],{"class":74},[60,61149,61150],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61151,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61153,61154,61156,61158,61160],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,61155,140],{"class":139},[60,61157,124],{"class":74},[60,61159,913],{"class":120},[60,61161,133],{"class":74},[60,61163,61164],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,61165,61166],{"class":177},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61168,11578],{},[260,61170,61171,61176,61181],{},[263,61172,61173,61175],{},[15,61174,913],{}," starts with two items",[263,61177,61178,61180],{},[15,61179,61145],{}," has two more items",[263,61182,61183,61185,61186,61188,61189],{},[15,61184,53332],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61187,61145],{}," to ",[15,61190,913],{},[20,61192,61193,61194,61196],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61195,913],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61198,54453,61199,1776,61201,117],{},[30,61200,52658],{"href":50865},[30,61202,57040],{"href":57039},[46,61204,61206,474,61208],{"id":61205},"extend-vs-append",[15,61207,53332],{},[15,61209,52539],{},[20,61211,61212,1776,61214,61216],{},[15,61213,53332],{},[15,61215,52539],{}," are often confused.",[337,61218,61220,61222],{"id":61219},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61221,53332],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[51,61224,61226],{"className":53,"code":61225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61227,61228,61244,61262,61266,61276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61229,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61231,350],{"class":66},[60,61233,71],{"class":70},[60,61235,1512],{"class":74},[60,61237,358],{"class":357},[60,61239,88],{"class":74},[60,61241,363],{"class":357},[60,61243,1525],{"class":74},[60,61245,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254,61256,61258,61260],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61247,380],{"class":66},[60,61249,117],{"class":74},[60,61251,53362],{"class":120},[60,61253,1641],{"class":74},[60,61255,389],{"class":357},[60,61257,88],{"class":74},[60,61259,373],{"class":357},[60,61261,1646],{"class":74},[60,61263,61264],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61265,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61267,61268,61270,61272,61274],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61269,140],{"class":139},[60,61271,124],{"class":74},[60,61273,380],{"class":120},[60,61275,133],{"class":74},[60,61277,61278],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61279,52610],{"class":177},[337,61281,61283,61285],{"id":61282},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61284,52539],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[51,61287,61289],{"className":53,"code":61288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61290,61291,61307,61325,61329,61339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61292,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61294,350],{"class":66},[60,61296,71],{"class":70},[60,61298,1512],{"class":74},[60,61300,358],{"class":357},[60,61302,88],{"class":74},[60,61304,363],{"class":357},[60,61306,1525],{"class":74},[60,61308,61309,61311,61313,61315,61317,61319,61321,61323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61310,380],{"class":66},[60,61312,117],{"class":74},[60,61314,13444],{"class":120},[60,61316,1641],{"class":74},[60,61318,389],{"class":357},[60,61320,88],{"class":74},[60,61322,373],{"class":357},[60,61324,1646],{"class":74},[60,61326,61327],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61328,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61330,61331,61333,61335,61337],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61332,140],{"class":139},[60,61334,124],{"class":74},[60,61336,380],{"class":120},[60,61338,133],{"class":74},[60,61340,61341],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61342,61343],{"class":177},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61345,18585],{},[260,61347,61348,61353],{},[263,61349,61350,61352],{},[15,61351,53332],{}," to combine values",[263,61354,61355,61357],{},[15,61356,52539],{}," to add one item",[20,61359,41978,61360,1776,61364,117],{},[30,61361,55406,61362,1818],{"href":56654},[15,61363,52539],{},[30,61365,52935],{"href":52934},[46,61367,8331,61369,61371],{"id":61368},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61370,53332],{}," with different iterables",[20,61373,61374,61376],{},[15,61375,53332],{}," works with more than just lists.",[337,61378,61380],{"id":61379},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[51,61382,61384],{"className":53,"code":61383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61385,61386,61402,61420,61424,61434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61387,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61389,3736],{"class":66},[60,61391,71],{"class":70},[60,61393,1512],{"class":74},[60,61395,358],{"class":357},[60,61397,88],{"class":74},[60,61399,363],{"class":357},[60,61401,1525],{"class":74},[60,61403,61404,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61418],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61405,5268],{"class":66},[60,61407,117],{"class":74},[60,61409,53362],{"class":120},[60,61411,5421],{"class":74},[60,61413,389],{"class":357},[60,61415,88],{"class":74},[60,61417,373],{"class":357},[60,61419,1691],{"class":74},[60,61421,61422],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61423,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61425,61426,61428,61430,61432],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61427,140],{"class":139},[60,61429,124],{"class":74},[60,61431,5268],{"class":120},[60,61433,133],{"class":74},[60,61435,61436],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61437,52610],{"class":177},[20,61439,61440],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[337,61442,61444],{"id":61443},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[51,61446,61448],{"className":53,"code":61447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61449,61450,61466,61485,61489,61499],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61451,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61453,1411],{"class":66},[60,61455,71],{"class":70},[60,61457,1512],{"class":74},[60,61459,79],{"class":78},[60,61461,30],{"class":82},[60,61463,79],{"class":78},[60,61465,1525],{"class":74},[60,61467,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61481,61483],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61469,1446],{"class":66},[60,61471,117],{"class":74},[60,61473,53362],{"class":120},[60,61475,124],{"class":74},[60,61477,79],{"class":78},[60,61479,61480],{"class":82},"bc",[60,61482,79],{"class":78},[60,61484,133],{"class":74},[60,61486,61487],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61488,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61490,61491,61493,61495,61497],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61492,140],{"class":139},[60,61494,124],{"class":74},[60,61496,1446],{"class":120},[60,61498,133],{"class":74},[60,61500,61501],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61502,61503],{"class":177},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61505,61506],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[337,61508,61510],{"id":61509},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[51,61512,61514],{"className":53,"code":61513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61515,61516,61528,61550,61554,61564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61517,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61519,350],{"class":66},[60,61521,71],{"class":70},[60,61523,1512],{"class":74},[60,61525,2039],{"class":357},[60,61527,1525],{"class":74},[60,61529,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61531,380],{"class":66},[60,61533,117],{"class":74},[60,61535,53362],{"class":120},[60,61537,124],{"class":74},[60,61539,59885],{"class":139},[60,61541,124],{"class":74},[60,61543,358],{"class":357},[60,61545,88],{"class":74},[60,61547,373],{"class":357},[60,61549,1691],{"class":74},[60,61551,61552],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61553,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61557,140],{"class":139},[60,61559,124],{"class":74},[60,61561,380],{"class":120},[60,61563,133],{"class":74},[60,61565,61566],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61567,61568],{"class":177},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61570,61571,61574,61575,36,61577,16963,61579,117],{},[15,61572,61573],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61576,358],{},[15,61578,1303],{},[15,61580,389],{},[337,61582,61584],{"id":61583},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[51,61586,61588],{"className":53,"code":61587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61589,61590,61606,61624,61628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61593,486],{"class":66},[60,61595,71],{"class":70},[60,61597,1512],{"class":74},[60,61599,358],{"class":357},[60,61601,88],{"class":74},[60,61603,363],{"class":357},[60,61605,1525],{"class":74},[60,61607,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61609,517],{"class":66},[60,61611,117],{"class":74},[60,61613,53362],{"class":120},[60,61615,5440],{"class":74},[60,61617,389],{"class":357},[60,61619,88],{"class":74},[60,61621,373],{"class":357},[60,61623,30381],{"class":74},[60,61625,61626],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61627,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61629,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61631,140],{"class":139},[60,61633,124],{"class":74},[60,61635,517],{"class":120},[60,61637,133],{"class":74},[20,61639,61640],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[46,61642,61644],{"id":61643},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61646,61647,641,61649,117],{},[15,61648,53332],{},[15,61650,277],{},[20,61652,61653,61654,258],{},"That means this is ",[41,61655,61656],{},"wrong",[51,61658,61660],{"className":53,"code":61659,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61661,61662,61678,61700,61704,61714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61663,61664,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61665,350],{"class":66},[60,61667,71],{"class":70},[60,61669,1512],{"class":74},[60,61671,358],{"class":357},[60,61673,88],{"class":74},[60,61675,363],{"class":357},[60,61677,1525],{"class":74},[60,61679,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61681,688],{"class":66},[60,61683,71],{"class":70},[60,61685,1294],{"class":66},[60,61687,117],{"class":74},[60,61689,53362],{"class":120},[60,61691,1641],{"class":74},[60,61693,389],{"class":357},[60,61695,88],{"class":74},[60,61697,373],{"class":357},[60,61699,1646],{"class":74},[60,61701,61702],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61703,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61705,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61707,140],{"class":139},[60,61709,124],{"class":74},[60,61711,720],{"class":120},[60,61713,133],{"class":74},[60,61715,61716],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61717,61718],{"class":177},"# None\n",[20,61720,61721],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[51,61723,61725],{"className":53,"code":61724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61726,61727,61743,61765,61769,61779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61728,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61730,350],{"class":66},[60,61732,71],{"class":70},[60,61734,1512],{"class":74},[60,61736,358],{"class":357},[60,61738,88],{"class":74},[60,61740,363],{"class":357},[60,61742,1525],{"class":74},[60,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61746,350],{"class":66},[60,61748,71],{"class":70},[60,61750,1294],{"class":66},[60,61752,117],{"class":74},[60,61754,53362],{"class":120},[60,61756,1641],{"class":74},[60,61758,389],{"class":357},[60,61760,88],{"class":74},[60,61762,373],{"class":357},[60,61764,1646],{"class":74},[60,61766,61767],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61768,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61770,61771,61773,61775,61777],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61772,140],{"class":139},[60,61774,124],{"class":74},[60,61776,380],{"class":120},[60,61778,133],{"class":74},[60,61780,61781],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61782,61718],{"class":177},[20,61784,61785],{},"The correct way is:",[51,61787,61788],{"className":53,"code":61225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61789,61790,61806,61824,61828,61838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61791,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61793,350],{"class":66},[60,61795,71],{"class":70},[60,61797,1512],{"class":74},[60,61799,358],{"class":357},[60,61801,88],{"class":74},[60,61803,363],{"class":357},[60,61805,1525],{"class":74},[60,61807,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61809,380],{"class":66},[60,61811,117],{"class":74},[60,61813,53362],{"class":120},[60,61815,1641],{"class":74},[60,61817,389],{"class":357},[60,61819,88],{"class":74},[60,61821,373],{"class":357},[60,61823,1646],{"class":74},[60,61825,61826],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61827,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61829,61830,61832,61834,61836],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61831,140],{"class":139},[60,61833,124],{"class":74},[60,61835,380],{"class":120},[60,61837,133],{"class":74},[60,61839,61840],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61841,52610],{"class":177},[20,61843,55794,61844,61846],{},[15,61845,53332],{}," first, then use the original list.",[46,61848,4430],{"id":4429},[20,61850,14624,61851,117],{},[15,61852,53332],{},[337,61854,61856,61857,61859],{"id":61855},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61858,53332],{}," to return a new list",[51,61861,61863],{"className":53,"code":61862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61864,61865,61881,61903,61907,61917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61866,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61868,350],{"class":66},[60,61870,71],{"class":70},[60,61872,1512],{"class":74},[60,61874,358],{"class":357},[60,61876,88],{"class":74},[60,61878,363],{"class":357},[60,61880,1525],{"class":74},[60,61882,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61884,55527],{"class":66},[60,61886,71],{"class":70},[60,61888,1294],{"class":66},[60,61890,117],{"class":74},[60,61892,53362],{"class":120},[60,61894,1641],{"class":74},[60,61896,389],{"class":357},[60,61898,88],{"class":74},[60,61900,373],{"class":357},[60,61902,1646],{"class":74},[60,61904,61905],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61906,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61908,61909,61911,61913,61915],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61910,140],{"class":139},[60,61912,124],{"class":74},[60,61914,55546],{"class":120},[60,61916,133],{"class":74},[60,61918,61919],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61920,61718],{"class":177},[20,61922,61923,61924,117],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61925,53332],{},[337,61927,61929,61930,44515,61932,61934],{"id":61928},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61931,52539],{},[15,61933,53332],{}," is needed",[51,61936,61937],{"className":53,"code":61288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61938,61939,61955,61973,61977,61987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61940,61941,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61942,350],{"class":66},[60,61944,71],{"class":70},[60,61946,1512],{"class":74},[60,61948,358],{"class":357},[60,61950,88],{"class":74},[60,61952,363],{"class":357},[60,61954,1525],{"class":74},[60,61956,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61958,380],{"class":66},[60,61960,117],{"class":74},[60,61962,13444],{"class":120},[60,61964,1641],{"class":74},[60,61966,389],{"class":357},[60,61968,88],{"class":74},[60,61970,373],{"class":357},[60,61972,1646],{"class":74},[60,61974,61975],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,61976,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,61980,140],{"class":139},[60,61982,124],{"class":74},[60,61984,380],{"class":120},[60,61986,133],{"class":74},[60,61988,61989],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,61990,61343],{"class":177},[20,61992,61993,61994,53777,61996,6542],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61995,53776],{},[15,61997,53332],{},[337,61999,62001],{"id":62000},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[51,62003,62005],{"className":53,"code":62004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62006,62007,62023,62041,62045,62055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62008,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62010,3983],{"class":66},[60,62012,71],{"class":70},[60,62014,1512],{"class":74},[60,62016,79],{"class":78},[60,62018,3759],{"class":82},[60,62020,79],{"class":78},[60,62022,1525],{"class":74},[60,62024,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62026,4025],{"class":66},[60,62028,117],{"class":74},[60,62030,53362],{"class":120},[60,62032,124],{"class":74},[60,62034,79],{"class":78},[60,62036,60478],{"class":82},[60,62038,79],{"class":78},[60,62040,133],{"class":74},[60,62042,62043],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62044,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62046,62047,62049,62051,62053],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62048,140],{"class":139},[60,62050,124],{"class":74},[60,62052,4025],{"class":120},[60,62054,133],{"class":74},[60,62056,62057],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62058,62059],{"class":177},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62061,62062,62063,62066,62067,258],{},"If you want ",[15,62064,62065],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62068,52539],{},[51,62070,62072],{"className":53,"code":62071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62073,62074,62090,62108,62112,62122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62077,3983],{"class":66},[60,62079,71],{"class":70},[60,62081,1512],{"class":74},[60,62083,79],{"class":78},[60,62085,3759],{"class":82},[60,62087,79],{"class":78},[60,62089,1525],{"class":74},[60,62091,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102,62104,62106],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62093,4025],{"class":66},[60,62095,117],{"class":74},[60,62097,13444],{"class":120},[60,62099,124],{"class":74},[60,62101,79],{"class":78},[60,62103,60478],{"class":82},[60,62105,79],{"class":78},[60,62107,133],{"class":74},[60,62109,62110],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62111,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62113,62114,62116,62118,62120],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62115,140],{"class":139},[60,62117,124],{"class":74},[60,62119,4025],{"class":120},[60,62121,133],{"class":74},[60,62123,62124],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62125,62126],{"class":177},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[337,62128,62130],{"id":62129},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[51,62132,62134],{"className":53,"code":62133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62135,62136,62152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62137,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62139,350],{"class":66},[60,62141,71],{"class":70},[60,62143,1512],{"class":74},[60,62145,358],{"class":357},[60,62147,88],{"class":74},[60,62149,363],{"class":357},[60,62151,1525],{"class":74},[60,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62155,380],{"class":66},[60,62157,117],{"class":74},[60,62159,53362],{"class":120},[60,62161,124],{"class":74},[60,62163,2056],{"class":357},[60,62165,133],{"class":74},[20,62167,39538,62168,6462],{},[15,62169,2056],{},[20,62171,62172,62173,62175,62176,62179],{},"You will get a ",[15,62174,2919],{},". See ",[30,62177,62178],{"href":52486},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62181,62182],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[51,62184,62186],{"className":53,"code":62185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62187,62188,62198,62212,62224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62191,140],{"class":139},[60,62193,124],{"class":74},[60,62195,8252],{"class":120},[60,62197,133],{"class":74},[60,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62201,140],{"class":139},[60,62203,124],{"class":74},[60,62205,1684],{"class":1683},[60,62207,124],{"class":74},[60,62209,5268],{"class":120},[60,62211,1691],{"class":74},[60,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62215,140],{"class":139},[60,62217,124],{"class":74},[60,62219,720],{"class":120},[60,62221,174],{"class":74},[60,62223,133],{"class":66},[60,62225,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62227,1713],{"class":139},[60,62229,124],{"class":74},[60,62231,8006],{"class":1683},[60,62233,117],{"class":74},[60,62235,53362],{"class":1723},[60,62237,133],{"class":74},[43465,62239,62240],{},[20,62241,62242,62243,62246,62247,62249,62250,117],{},"Note: ",[15,62244,62245],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62248,174],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62251,32912],{},[20,62253,62254],{},"Correct debugging example:",[51,62256,62258],{"className":53,"code":62257,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62259,62260,62276,62292,62296,62310,62314,62322,62332,62346,62356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62261,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62263,8221],{"class":66},[60,62265,71],{"class":70},[60,62267,1512],{"class":74},[60,62269,358],{"class":357},[60,62271,88],{"class":74},[60,62273,363],{"class":357},[60,62275,1525],{"class":74},[60,62277,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62279,3736],{"class":66},[60,62281,71],{"class":70},[60,62283,1512],{"class":74},[60,62285,389],{"class":357},[60,62287,88],{"class":74},[60,62289,373],{"class":357},[60,62291,1525],{"class":74},[60,62293,62294],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62295,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62297,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306,62308],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62299,8252],{"class":66},[60,62301,117],{"class":74},[60,62303,53362],{"class":120},[60,62305,124],{"class":74},[60,62307,5268],{"class":120},[60,62309,133],{"class":74},[60,62311,62312],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62313,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62315,62316,62318,62320],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,62317,688],{"class":66},[60,62319,71],{"class":70},[60,62321,48412],{"class":734},[60,62323,62324,62326,62328,62330],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,62325,140],{"class":139},[60,62327,124],{"class":74},[60,62329,8252],{"class":120},[60,62331,133],{"class":74},[60,62333,62334,62336,62338,62340,62342,62344],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,62335,140],{"class":139},[60,62337,124],{"class":74},[60,62339,1684],{"class":1683},[60,62341,124],{"class":74},[60,62343,5268],{"class":120},[60,62345,1691],{"class":74},[60,62347,62348,62350,62352,62354],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,62349,140],{"class":139},[60,62351,124],{"class":74},[60,62353,720],{"class":120},[60,62355,133],{"class":74},[60,62357,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,62359,1713],{"class":139},[60,62361,124],{"class":74},[60,62363,8006],{"class":1683},[60,62365,117],{"class":74},[60,62367,53362],{"class":1723},[60,62369,133],{"class":74},[46,62371,1220,62373],{"id":62372},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62374,53332],{},[20,62376,243,62377,6229],{},[15,62378,53332],{},[260,62380,62381,62384,62387],{},[263,62382,62383],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[263,62385,62386],{},"Add multiple values at once",[263,62388,62389],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62391,5382],{},[51,62393,62395],{"className":53,"code":62394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62396,62397,62414,62432,62436,62452,62456,62466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62398,62399,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62400,62401],{"class":66},"all_scores ",[60,62403,71],{"class":70},[60,62405,1512],{"class":74},[60,62407,13393],{"class":357},[60,62409,88],{"class":74},[60,62411,13398],{"class":357},[60,62413,1525],{"class":74},[60,62415,62416,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62430],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62417,62418],{"class":66},"new_scores ",[60,62420,71],{"class":70},[60,62422,1512],{"class":74},[60,62424,51391],{"class":357},[60,62426,88],{"class":74},[60,62428,62429],{"class":357}," 92",[60,62431,1525],{"class":74},[60,62433,62434],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62435,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62437,62438,62441,62443,62445,62447,62450],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62439,62440],{"class":66},"all_scores",[60,62442,117],{"class":74},[60,62444,53362],{"class":120},[60,62446,124],{"class":74},[60,62448,62449],{"class":120},"new_scores",[60,62451,133],{"class":74},[60,62453,62454],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62455,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62457,62458,62460,62462,62464],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,62459,140],{"class":139},[60,62461,124],{"class":74},[60,62463,62440],{"class":120},[60,62465,133],{"class":74},[60,62467,62468],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,62469,62470],{"class":177},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62472,62473,62474,62476,62477,117],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62475,52539],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[30,62478,55406,62479,1818],{"href":53794},[15,62480,54154],{},[46,62482,1746],{"id":1745},[337,62484,12599,62486,55355],{"id":62485},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62487,53233],{},[20,62489,62490,62491,117],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62492,277],{},[337,62494,1773,62496,1776,62498,1779],{"id":62495},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62497,53332],{},[15,62499,52539],{},[20,62501,62502,62504,62505,62507],{},[15,62503,53332],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62506,52539],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[337,62509,1795,62511,62513],{"id":62510},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62512,53332],{}," with a string?",[20,62515,62516],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[337,62518,1795,62520,62522],{"id":62519},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62521,53332],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62524,62525],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[337,62527,62529,62530,1779],{"id":62528},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62531,53332],{},[20,62533,62534,62535,62537],{},"You get a ",[15,62536,2919],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[46,62539,1808],{"id":1807},[260,62541,62542,62548,62552,62556,62560,62566,62570],{},[263,62543,62544],{},[30,62545,55406,62546,1818],{"href":56654},[15,62547,52539],{},[263,62549,62550],{},[30,62551,54164],{"href":52934},[263,62553,62554],{},[30,62555,57114],{"href":57039},[263,62557,62558],{},[30,62559,52658],{"href":50865},[263,62561,62562],{},[30,62563,55406,62564,1818],{"href":53794},[15,62565,54154],{},[263,62567,62568],{},[30,62569,62178],{"href":52486},[263,62571,62572],{},[30,62573,55406,62574,1818],{"href":54846},[15,62575,12670],{},[20,62577,62578,62579,62581,62582,62584],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62580,52539],{},", when to use ",[15,62583,54154],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1841,62586,62587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":62589},[62590,62591,62593,62594,62595,62602,62609,62610,62618,62620,62632],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":60987,"depth":111,"text":62592},"What list.extend() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":61068,"depth":111,"text":61069},{"id":61205,"depth":111,"text":62596,"children":62597},"extend() vs append()",[62598,62600],{"id":61219,"depth":136,"text":62599},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61282,"depth":136,"text":62601},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61368,"depth":111,"text":62603,"children":62604},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62605,62606,62607,62608],{"id":61379,"depth":136,"text":61380},{"id":61443,"depth":136,"text":61444},{"id":61509,"depth":136,"text":61510},{"id":61583,"depth":136,"text":61584},{"id":61643,"depth":111,"text":61644},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":62611},[62612,62614,62616,62617],{"id":61855,"depth":136,"text":62613},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61928,"depth":136,"text":62615},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62000,"depth":136,"text":62001},{"id":62129,"depth":136,"text":62130},{"id":62372,"depth":111,"text":62619},"When to use extend()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":62621},[62622,62624,62626,62628,62630],{"id":62485,"depth":136,"text":62623},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62495,"depth":136,"text":62625},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62510,"depth":136,"text":62627},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62519,"depth":136,"text":62629},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62528,"depth":136,"text":62631},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60891,"description":62633},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62640,"title":62641,"body":62642,"description":64733,"extension":1883,"meta":64734,"navigation":152,"path":64735,"seo":64736,"stem":64737,"__hash__":64738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62643,"toc":64696},[62644,62647,62652,62658,62669,62675,62677,62746,62748,62797,62805,62809,62814,62817,62828,62833,62835,62837,62858,62871,62874,62887,62889,62894,62919,62921,62929,62932,63001,63003,63027,63033,63037,63041,63077,63079,63099,63106,63110,63143,63145,63179,63184,63188,63221,63223,63251,63259,63263,63300,63302,63323,63326,63330,63399,63401,63425,63431,63438,63442,63445,63447,63461,63464,63488,63490,63515,63518,63537,63539,63565,63574,63578,63585,63662,63664,63705,63711,63717,63808,63810,63866,63869,63874,63878,63883,63887,63946,63948,63973,63977,64040,64042,64067,64071,64134,64136,64179,64182,64186,64190,64212,64216,64298,64300,64335,64343,64345,64349,64353,64355,64382,64387,64389,64416,64423,64426,64449,64451,64500,64503,64506,64525,64529,64532,64583,64586,64592,64596,64601,64604,64606,64612,64621,64625,64631,64635,64638,64642,64645,64649,64655,64657,64693],[10,62645,62641],{"id":62646},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62648,9032,62649,62651],{},[15,62650,24667],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62653,62654,62655,62657],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62656,24667],{}," for two main reasons:",[260,62659,62660,62663],{},[263,62661,62662],{},"to make an empty list",[263,62664,62665,62666,62668],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62667,59885],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62670,62671,62672,62674],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62673,24667],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[46,62676,49],{"id":48},[51,62678,62680],{"className":53,"code":62679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62681,62682,62704,62722,62726,62736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62683,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698,62700,62702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62685,350],{"class":66},[60,62687,71],{"class":70},[60,62689,22446],{"class":1683},[60,62691,5421],{"class":74},[60,62693,358],{"class":357},[60,62695,88],{"class":74},[60,62697,363],{"class":357},[60,62699,88],{"class":74},[60,62701,368],{"class":357},[60,62703,1691],{"class":74},[60,62705,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62707,1411],{"class":66},[60,62709,71],{"class":70},[60,62711,22446],{"class":1683},[60,62713,124],{"class":74},[60,62715,79],{"class":78},[60,62717,41445],{"class":82},[60,62719,79],{"class":78},[60,62721,133],{"class":74},[60,62723,62724],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62725,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62727,62728,62730,62732,62734],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62729,140],{"class":139},[60,62731,124],{"class":74},[60,62733,380],{"class":120},[60,62735,133],{"class":74},[60,62737,62738,62740,62742,62744],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62739,140],{"class":139},[60,62741,124],{"class":74},[60,62743,1446],{"class":120},[60,62745,133],{"class":74},[20,62747,404],{},[51,62749,62751],{"className":53,"code":62750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62752,62753,62769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62754,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62756,3812],{"class":74},[60,62758,358],{"class":357},[60,62760,88],{"class":74},[60,62762,363],{"class":357},[60,62764,88],{"class":74},[60,62766,368],{"class":357},[60,62768,1525],{"class":74},[60,62770,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62772,3812],{"class":74},[60,62774,205],{"class":78},[60,62776,30],{"class":82},[60,62778,205],{"class":78},[60,62780,88],{"class":74},[60,62782,214],{"class":78},[60,62784,1428],{"class":82},[60,62786,205],{"class":78},[60,62788,88],{"class":74},[60,62790,214],{"class":78},[60,62792,1437],{"class":82},[60,62794,205],{"class":78},[60,62796,1525],{"class":74},[20,62798,243,62799,62801,62802,62804],{},[15,62800,24667],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62803,59885],{},", set, or dictionary.",[46,62806,62808],{"id":62807},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62810,62811,62813],{},[15,62812,24667],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62815,62816],{},"It can:",[260,62818,62819,62822,62825],{},[263,62820,62821],{},"create a new list object",[263,62823,62824],{},"make an empty list",[263,62826,62827],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62829,62830,62831,117],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[30,62832,52658],{"href":50865},[46,62834,296],{"id":295},[20,62836,26373],{},[51,62838,62840],{"className":53,"code":62839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62841,62842,62848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62843,62844,62846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62845,8006],{"class":1683},[60,62847,8555],{"class":74},[60,62849,62850,62852,62854,62856],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62851,8006],{"class":1683},[60,62853,124],{"class":74},[60,62855,3634],{"class":120},[60,62857,133],{"class":74},[260,62859,62860,62865],{},[263,62861,62862,62864],{},[15,62863,24667],{}," makes an empty list",[263,62866,62867,62870],{},[15,62868,62869],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62872,62873],{},"Common iterable values include:",[260,62875,62876,62878,62880,62882,62885],{},[263,62877,5218],{},[263,62879,5212],{},[263,62881,5215],{},[263,62883,62884],{},"ranges",[263,62886,7162],{},[46,62888,59507],{"id":59506},[20,62890,243,62891,62893],{},[15,62892,24667],{}," with no arguments:",[51,62895,62897],{"className":53,"code":62896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62898,62899,62909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62900,62901,62903,62905,62907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62902,486],{"class":66},[60,62904,71],{"class":70},[60,62906,22446],{"class":1683},[60,62908,8555],{"class":74},[60,62910,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62912,140],{"class":139},[60,62914,124],{"class":74},[60,62916,517],{"class":120},[60,62918,133],{"class":74},[20,62920,404],{},[51,62922,62923],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62924,62925],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62926,62927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62928,38181],{"class":74},[20,62930,62931],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[51,62933,62935],{"className":53,"code":62934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62936,62937,62947,62951,62969,62987,62991],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62938,62939,62941,62943,62945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62940,486],{"class":66},[60,62942,71],{"class":70},[60,62944,22446],{"class":1683},[60,62946,8555],{"class":74},[60,62948,62949],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62950,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62952,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,62954,517],{"class":66},[60,62956,117],{"class":74},[60,62958,13444],{"class":120},[60,62960,124],{"class":74},[60,62962,79],{"class":78},[60,62964,495],{"class":82},[60,62966,79],{"class":78},[60,62968,133],{"class":74},[60,62970,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,62972,517],{"class":66},[60,62974,117],{"class":74},[60,62976,13444],{"class":120},[60,62978,124],{"class":74},[60,62980,79],{"class":78},[60,62982,504],{"class":82},[60,62984,79],{"class":78},[60,62986,133],{"class":74},[60,62988,62989],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,62990,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,62992,62993,62995,62997,62999],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,62994,140],{"class":139},[60,62996,124],{"class":74},[60,62998,517],{"class":120},[60,63000,133],{"class":74},[20,63002,404],{},[51,63004,63005],{"className":53,"code":38307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63006,63007],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63010,3812],{"class":74},[60,63012,205],{"class":78},[60,63014,495],{"class":82},[60,63016,205],{"class":78},[60,63018,88],{"class":74},[60,63020,214],{"class":78},[60,63022,504],{"class":82},[60,63024,205],{"class":78},[60,63026,1525],{"class":74},[20,63028,63029,63030,63032],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63031,3700],{},". Both are valid.",[46,63034,63036],{"id":63035},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[337,63038,63040],{"id":63039},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[51,63042,63043],{"className":53,"code":59805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63044,63045,63067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63046,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63048,350],{"class":66},[60,63050,71],{"class":70},[60,63052,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63054,5421],{"class":74},[60,63056,358],{"class":357},[60,63058,88],{"class":74},[60,63060,363],{"class":357},[60,63062,88],{"class":74},[60,63064,368],{"class":357},[60,63066,1691],{"class":74},[60,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63070,140],{"class":139},[60,63072,124],{"class":74},[60,63074,380],{"class":120},[60,63076,133],{"class":74},[20,63078,404],{},[51,63080,63081],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63082,63083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63084,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63086,3812],{"class":74},[60,63088,358],{"class":357},[60,63090,88],{"class":74},[60,63092,363],{"class":357},[60,63094,88],{"class":74},[60,63096,368],{"class":357},[60,63098,1525],{"class":74},[20,63100,63101,63102,117],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[30,63103,63105],{"href":63104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[337,63107,63109],{"id":63108},"string-to-list","String to list",[51,63111,63113],{"className":53,"code":63112,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63114,63115,63133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63116,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63118,1411],{"class":66},[60,63120,71],{"class":70},[60,63122,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63124,124],{"class":74},[60,63126,79],{"class":78},[60,63128,36931],{"class":82},[60,63130,79],{"class":78},[60,63132,133],{"class":74},[60,63134,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63136,140],{"class":139},[60,63138,124],{"class":74},[60,63140,1446],{"class":120},[60,63142,133],{"class":74},[20,63144,404],{},[51,63146,63148],{"className":53,"code":63147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63149,63150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63151,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63175,63177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63153,3812],{"class":74},[60,63155,205],{"class":78},[60,63157,1437],{"class":82},[60,63159,205],{"class":78},[60,63161,88],{"class":74},[60,63163,214],{"class":78},[60,63165,30],{"class":82},[60,63167,205],{"class":78},[60,63169,88],{"class":74},[60,63171,214],{"class":78},[60,63173,63174],{"class":82},"t",[60,63176,205],{"class":78},[60,63178,1525],{"class":74},[20,63180,63181,63183],{},[15,63182,24667],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[337,63185,63187],{"id":63186},"range-to-list","Range to list",[51,63189,63191],{"className":53,"code":63190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63192,63193,63211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63194,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63196,350],{"class":66},[60,63198,71],{"class":70},[60,63200,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63202,124],{"class":74},[60,63204,59885],{"class":139},[60,63206,124],{"class":74},[60,63208,2056],{"class":357},[60,63210,1691],{"class":74},[60,63212,63213,63215,63217,63219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63214,140],{"class":139},[60,63216,124],{"class":74},[60,63218,380],{"class":120},[60,63220,133],{"class":74},[20,63222,404],{},[51,63224,63225],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63226,63227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63230,3812],{"class":74},[60,63232,2039],{"class":357},[60,63234,88],{"class":74},[60,63236,5408],{"class":357},[60,63238,88],{"class":74},[60,63240,363],{"class":357},[60,63242,88],{"class":74},[60,63244,368],{"class":357},[60,63246,88],{"class":74},[60,63248,373],{"class":357},[60,63250,1525],{"class":74},[20,63252,63253,63254,63258],{},"This is common when working with ",[30,63255,63256],{"href":36080},[15,63257,36083],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[337,63260,63262],{"id":63261},"set-to-list","Set to list",[51,63264,63266],{"className":53,"code":63265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63267,63268,63290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63271,3736],{"class":66},[60,63273,71],{"class":70},[60,63275,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63277,5440],{"class":74},[60,63279,2250],{"class":357},[60,63281,88],{"class":74},[60,63283,7702],{"class":357},[60,63285,88],{"class":74},[60,63287,7707],{"class":357},[60,63289,30381],{"class":74},[60,63291,63292,63294,63296,63298],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63293,140],{"class":139},[60,63295,124],{"class":74},[60,63297,5268],{"class":120},[60,63299,133],{"class":74},[20,63301,16849],{},[51,63303,63305],{"className":53,"code":63304,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63306,63307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63308,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63310,3812],{"class":74},[60,63312,2250],{"class":357},[60,63314,88],{"class":74},[60,63316,7702],{"class":357},[60,63318,88],{"class":74},[60,63320,7707],{"class":357},[60,63322,1525],{"class":74},[20,63324,63325],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[337,63327,63329],{"id":63328},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[51,63331,63333],{"className":53,"code":63332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63334,63335,63371,63385,63389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63336,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365,63367,63369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63338,13095],{"class":66},[60,63340,71],{"class":70},[60,63342,75],{"class":74},[60,63344,79],{"class":78},[60,63346,7580],{"class":82},[60,63348,79],{"class":78},[60,63350,258],{"class":74},[60,63352,91],{"class":78},[60,63354,12774],{"class":82},[60,63356,79],{"class":78},[60,63358,88],{"class":74},[60,63360,91],{"class":78},[60,63362,9206],{"class":82},[60,63364,79],{"class":78},[60,63366,258],{"class":74},[60,63368,9213],{"class":357},[60,63370,108],{"class":74},[60,63372,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63374,688],{"class":66},[60,63376,71],{"class":70},[60,63378,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63380,124],{"class":74},[60,63382,17198],{"class":120},[60,63384,133],{"class":74},[60,63386,63387],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,63388,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,63390,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,63392,140],{"class":139},[60,63394,124],{"class":74},[60,63396,720],{"class":120},[60,63398,133],{"class":74},[20,63400,404],{},[51,63402,63403],{"className":53,"code":25367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63404,63405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63406,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63408,3812],{"class":74},[60,63410,205],{"class":78},[60,63412,7580],{"class":82},[60,63414,205],{"class":78},[60,63416,88],{"class":74},[60,63418,214],{"class":78},[60,63420,9206],{"class":82},[60,63422,205],{"class":78},[60,63424,1525],{"class":74},[20,63426,63427,63428,63430],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63429,24667],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63432,63433,63434,117],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[30,63435,63437],{"href":63436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[46,63439,63441],{"id":63440},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63443,63444],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63446,61042],{},[260,63448,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459],{},[263,63450,5209],{},[263,63452,5212],{},[263,63454,5218],{},[263,63456,5215],{},[263,63458,62884],{},[263,63460,7162],{},[20,63462,63463],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[51,63465,63467],{"className":53,"code":63466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63468,63469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63470,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63484,63486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63472,140],{"class":139},[60,63474,124],{"class":74},[60,63476,8006],{"class":1683},[60,63478,124],{"class":74},[60,63480,79],{"class":78},[60,63482,63483],{"class":82},"hi",[60,63485,79],{"class":78},[60,63487,1691],{"class":74},[20,63489,404],{},[51,63491,63493],{"className":53,"code":63492,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63494,63495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63496,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63498,3812],{"class":74},[60,63500,205],{"class":78},[60,63502,60325],{"class":82},[60,63504,205],{"class":78},[60,63506,88],{"class":74},[60,63508,214],{"class":78},[60,63510,36039],{"class":82},[60,63512,205],{"class":78},[60,63514,1525],{"class":74},[20,63516,63517],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[51,63519,63521],{"className":53,"code":63520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63522,63523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63524,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63526,140],{"class":139},[60,63528,124],{"class":74},[60,63530,8006],{"class":1683},[60,63532,124],{"class":74},[60,63534,2056],{"class":357},[60,63536,1691],{"class":74},[20,63538,404],{},[51,63540,63542],{"className":53,"code":63541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63543,63544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63545,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63547,2919],{"class":1683},[60,63549,258],{"class":74},[60,63551,214],{"class":78},[60,63553,2108],{"class":82},[60,63555,205],{"class":78},[60,63557,24504],{"class":1683},[60,63559,8009],{"class":70},[60,63561,8012],{"class":70},[60,63563,63564],{"class":66}," iterable\n",[20,63566,63567,63568,63570,63571,117],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[30,63569,5047],{"href":5497},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[30,63572,63573],{"href":52486},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[46,63575,63577],{"id":63576},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63579,63580,63581,63584],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63582,63583],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[51,63586,63588],{"className":53,"code":63587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63589,63590,63610,63624,63628,63638,63648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63591,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63593,11980],{"class":66},[60,63595,71],{"class":70},[60,63597,1512],{"class":74},[60,63599,358],{"class":357},[60,63601,88],{"class":74},[60,63603,363],{"class":357},[60,63605,88],{"class":74},[60,63607,368],{"class":357},[60,63609,1525],{"class":74},[60,63611,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63613,14202],{"class":66},[60,63615,71],{"class":70},[60,63617,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63619,124],{"class":74},[60,63621,12027],{"class":120},[60,63623,133],{"class":74},[60,63625,63626],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,63627,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,63629,63630,63632,63634,63636],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,63631,140],{"class":139},[60,63633,124],{"class":74},[60,63635,12027],{"class":120},[60,63637,133],{"class":74},[60,63639,63640,63642,63644,63646],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,63641,140],{"class":139},[60,63643,124],{"class":74},[60,63645,14221],{"class":120},[60,63647,133],{"class":74},[60,63649,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,63651,140],{"class":139},[60,63653,124],{"class":74},[60,63655,11980],{"class":120},[60,63657,12088],{"class":1153},[60,63659,14275],{"class":120},[60,63661,133],{"class":74},[20,63663,404],{},[51,63665,63667],{"className":53,"code":63666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63668,63669,63685,63701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63670,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63672,3812],{"class":74},[60,63674,358],{"class":357},[60,63676,88],{"class":74},[60,63678,363],{"class":357},[60,63680,88],{"class":74},[60,63682,368],{"class":357},[60,63684,1525],{"class":74},[60,63686,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63688,3812],{"class":74},[60,63690,358],{"class":357},[60,63692,88],{"class":74},[60,63694,363],{"class":357},[60,63696,88],{"class":74},[60,63698,368],{"class":357},[60,63700,1525],{"class":74},[60,63702,63703],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,63704,3953],{"class":734},[20,63706,63707,63708,63710],{},"This means ",[15,63709,14221],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63712,63713,63714,63716],{},"However, this is only a ",[41,63715,12744],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[51,63718,63720],{"className":53,"code":63719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63721,63722,63748,63762,63766,63784,63788,63798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63723,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63725,11980],{"class":66},[60,63727,71],{"class":70},[60,63729,56179],{"class":74},[60,63731,358],{"class":357},[60,63733,88],{"class":74},[60,63735,363],{"class":357},[60,63737,17952],{"class":74},[60,63739,1512],{"class":74},[60,63741,389],{"class":357},[60,63743,88],{"class":74},[60,63745,373],{"class":357},[60,63747,53128],{"class":74},[60,63749,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63751,14202],{"class":66},[60,63753,71],{"class":70},[60,63755,22446],{"class":1683},[60,63757,124],{"class":74},[60,63759,12027],{"class":120},[60,63761,133],{"class":74},[60,63763,63764],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,63765,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,63769,14221],{"class":66},[60,63771,3812],{"class":74},[60,63773,2039],{"class":357},[60,63775,13441],{"class":74},[60,63777,13444],{"class":120},[60,63779,124],{"class":74},[60,63781,56232],{"class":357},[60,63783,133],{"class":74},[60,63785,63786],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,63787,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,63789,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,63791,140],{"class":139},[60,63793,124],{"class":74},[60,63795,12027],{"class":120},[60,63797,133],{"class":74},[60,63799,63800,63802,63804,63806],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,63801,140],{"class":139},[60,63803,124],{"class":74},[60,63805,14221],{"class":120},[60,63807,133],{"class":74},[20,63809,404],{},[51,63811,63812],{"className":53,"code":56263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63813,63814,63840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63815,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63817,56270],{"class":74},[60,63819,358],{"class":357},[60,63821,88],{"class":74},[60,63823,363],{"class":357},[60,63825,88],{"class":74},[60,63827,10103],{"class":357},[60,63829,17952],{"class":74},[60,63831,1512],{"class":74},[60,63833,389],{"class":357},[60,63835,88],{"class":74},[60,63837,373],{"class":357},[60,63839,53128],{"class":74},[60,63841,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63843,56270],{"class":74},[60,63845,358],{"class":357},[60,63847,88],{"class":74},[60,63849,363],{"class":357},[60,63851,88],{"class":74},[60,63853,10103],{"class":357},[60,63855,17952],{"class":74},[60,63857,1512],{"class":74},[60,63859,389],{"class":357},[60,63861,88],{"class":74},[60,63863,373],{"class":357},[60,63865,53128],{"class":74},[20,63867,63868],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63870,63871,63872,117],{},"For more on this, see ",[30,63873,13682],{"href":13681},[46,63875,63877],{"id":63876},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63879,63880,63881,117],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63882,24667],{},[337,63884,63886],{"id":63885},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[51,63888,63890],{"className":53,"code":63889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63891,63892,63932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63893,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63895,12757],{"class":66},[60,63897,71],{"class":70},[60,63899,75],{"class":74},[60,63901,79],{"class":78},[60,63903,7580],{"class":82},[60,63905,79],{"class":78},[60,63907,258],{"class":74},[60,63909,91],{"class":78},[60,63911,7833],{"class":82},[60,63913,79],{"class":78},[60,63915,88],{"class":74},[60,63917,91],{"class":78},[60,63919,19780],{"class":82},[60,63921,79],{"class":78},[60,63923,258],{"class":74},[60,63925,91],{"class":78},[60,63927,22133],{"class":82},[60,63929,79],{"class":78},[60,63931,108],{"class":74},[60,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63935,140],{"class":139},[60,63937,124],{"class":74},[60,63939,8006],{"class":1683},[60,63941,124],{"class":74},[60,63943,13517],{"class":120},[60,63945,1691],{"class":74},[20,63947,404],{},[51,63949,63951],{"className":53,"code":63950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63952,63953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63956,3812],{"class":74},[60,63958,205],{"class":78},[60,63960,7580],{"class":82},[60,63962,205],{"class":78},[60,63964,88],{"class":74},[60,63966,214],{"class":78},[60,63968,19780],{"class":82},[60,63970,205],{"class":78},[60,63972,1525],{"class":74},[337,63974,63976],{"id":63975},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[51,63978,63980],{"className":53,"code":63979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63981,63982,64022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63985,12757],{"class":66},[60,63987,71],{"class":70},[60,63989,75],{"class":74},[60,63991,79],{"class":78},[60,63993,7580],{"class":82},[60,63995,79],{"class":78},[60,63997,258],{"class":74},[60,63999,91],{"class":78},[60,64001,7833],{"class":82},[60,64003,79],{"class":78},[60,64005,88],{"class":74},[60,64007,91],{"class":78},[60,64009,19780],{"class":82},[60,64011,79],{"class":78},[60,64013,258],{"class":74},[60,64015,91],{"class":78},[60,64017,22133],{"class":82},[60,64019,79],{"class":78},[60,64021,108],{"class":74},[60,64023,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64025,140],{"class":139},[60,64027,124],{"class":74},[60,64029,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64031,124],{"class":74},[60,64033,13517],{"class":120},[60,64035,117],{"class":74},[60,64037,5268],{"class":120},[60,64039,6201],{"class":74},[20,64041,404],{},[51,64043,64045],{"className":53,"code":64044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64046,64047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64050,3812],{"class":74},[60,64052,205],{"class":78},[60,64054,7833],{"class":82},[60,64056,205],{"class":78},[60,64058,88],{"class":74},[60,64060,214],{"class":78},[60,64062,22133],{"class":82},[60,64064,205],{"class":78},[60,64066,1525],{"class":74},[337,64068,64070],{"id":64069},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[51,64072,64074],{"className":53,"code":64073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64075,64076,64116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64077,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64079,12757],{"class":66},[60,64081,71],{"class":70},[60,64083,75],{"class":74},[60,64085,79],{"class":78},[60,64087,7580],{"class":82},[60,64089,79],{"class":78},[60,64091,258],{"class":74},[60,64093,91],{"class":78},[60,64095,7833],{"class":82},[60,64097,79],{"class":78},[60,64099,88],{"class":74},[60,64101,91],{"class":78},[60,64103,19780],{"class":82},[60,64105,79],{"class":78},[60,64107,258],{"class":74},[60,64109,91],{"class":78},[60,64111,22133],{"class":82},[60,64113,79],{"class":78},[60,64115,108],{"class":74},[60,64117,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64119,140],{"class":139},[60,64121,124],{"class":74},[60,64123,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64125,124],{"class":74},[60,64127,13517],{"class":120},[60,64129,117],{"class":74},[60,64131,517],{"class":120},[60,64133,6201],{"class":74},[20,64135,404],{},[51,64137,64139],{"className":53,"code":64138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64140,64141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64144,21629],{"class":74},[60,64146,205],{"class":78},[60,64148,7580],{"class":82},[60,64150,205],{"class":78},[60,64152,88],{"class":74},[60,64154,214],{"class":78},[60,64156,7833],{"class":82},[60,64158,205],{"class":78},[60,64160,9141],{"class":74},[60,64162,9144],{"class":74},[60,64164,205],{"class":78},[60,64166,19780],{"class":82},[60,64168,205],{"class":78},[60,64170,88],{"class":74},[60,64172,214],{"class":78},[60,64174,22133],{"class":82},[60,64176,205],{"class":78},[60,64178,9157],{"class":74},[20,64180,64181],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[46,64183,64185],{"id":64184},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64187,243,64188,1227],{},[15,64189,24667],{},[260,64191,64192,64200,64209],{},[263,64193,64194,64195,288,64197],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64196,52539],{},[15,64198,64199],{},"sort()",[263,64201,64202,64203,288,64205,64208],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64204,36083],{},[15,64206,64207],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[263,64210,64211],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64213,45925,64214,258],{},[15,64215,64207],{},[51,64217,64219],{"className":53,"code":64218,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64220,64221,64245,64261,64265,64288],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64222,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64224,4905],{"class":66},[60,64226,71],{"class":70},[60,64228,1512],{"class":74},[60,64230,79],{"class":78},[60,64232,12774],{"class":82},[60,64234,79],{"class":78},[60,64236,88],{"class":74},[60,64238,91],{"class":78},[60,64240,35827],{"class":82},[60,64242,79],{"class":78},[60,64244,1525],{"class":74},[60,64246,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64248,4974],{"class":66},[60,64250,71],{"class":70},[60,64252,1512],{"class":74},[60,64254,13393],{"class":357},[60,64256,88],{"class":74},[60,64258,13398],{"class":357},[60,64260,1525],{"class":74},[60,64262,64263],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,64264,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,64268,9123],{"class":66},[60,64270,71],{"class":70},[60,64272,22446],{"class":1683},[60,64274,124],{"class":74},[60,64276,64277],{"class":139},"zip",[60,64279,124],{"class":74},[60,64281,4949],{"class":120},[60,64283,88],{"class":74},[60,64285,5021],{"class":120},[60,64287,1691],{"class":74},[60,64289,64290,64292,64294,64296],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,64291,140],{"class":139},[60,64293,124],{"class":74},[60,64295,9170],{"class":120},[60,64297,133],{"class":74},[20,64299,404],{},[51,64301,64303],{"className":53,"code":64302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64304,64305],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64306,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64308,21629],{"class":74},[60,64310,205],{"class":78},[60,64312,12774],{"class":82},[60,64314,205],{"class":78},[60,64316,88],{"class":74},[60,64318,19787],{"class":357},[60,64320,9141],{"class":74},[60,64322,9144],{"class":74},[60,64324,205],{"class":78},[60,64326,35827],{"class":82},[60,64328,205],{"class":78},[60,64330,88],{"class":74},[60,64332,13398],{"class":357},[60,64334,9157],{"class":74},[20,64336,64337,64338,64340,64341,117],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64339,52539],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[30,64342,52935],{"href":52934},[46,64344,4430],{"id":4429},[20,64346,56661,64347,117],{},[15,64348,24667],{},[337,64350,64352],{"id":64351},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64354,1260],{},[51,64356,64358],{"className":53,"code":64357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64359,64360,64364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64361,64362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64363,4446],{"class":177},[60,64365,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64367,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64369,124],{"class":74},[60,64371,358],{"class":357},[60,64373,88],{"class":74},[60,64375,363],{"class":357},[60,64377,88],{"class":74},[60,64379,368],{"class":357},[60,64381,133],{"class":74},[20,64383,64384,64386],{},[15,64385,24667],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64388,18585],{},[51,64390,64392],{"className":53,"code":64391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64393,64394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64395,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64397,140],{"class":139},[60,64399,124],{"class":74},[60,64401,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64403,5421],{"class":74},[60,64405,358],{"class":357},[60,64407,88],{"class":74},[60,64409,363],{"class":357},[60,64411,88],{"class":74},[60,64413,368],{"class":357},[60,64415,2827],{"class":74},[337,64417,64419,64420],{"id":64418},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[60,64421,64422],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64424,64425],{},"This is a common surprise:",[51,64427,64429],{"className":53,"code":64428,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64430,64431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64432,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64434,140],{"class":139},[60,64436,124],{"class":74},[60,64438,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64440,124],{"class":74},[60,64442,79],{"class":78},[60,64444,3759],{"class":82},[60,64446,79],{"class":78},[60,64448,1691],{"class":74},[20,64450,404],{},[51,64452,64454],{"className":53,"code":64453,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64455,64456],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64457,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64459,3812],{"class":74},[60,64461,205],{"class":78},[60,64463,60325],{"class":82},[60,64465,205],{"class":78},[60,64467,88],{"class":74},[60,64469,214],{"class":78},[60,64471,60334],{"class":82},[60,64473,205],{"class":78},[60,64475,88],{"class":74},[60,64477,214],{"class":78},[60,64479,60343],{"class":82},[60,64481,205],{"class":78},[60,64483,88],{"class":74},[60,64485,214],{"class":78},[60,64487,60343],{"class":82},[60,64489,205],{"class":78},[60,64491,88],{"class":74},[60,64493,214],{"class":78},[60,64495,60360],{"class":82},[60,64497,205],{"class":78},[60,64499,1525],{"class":74},[20,64501,64502],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64504,64505],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[51,64507,64509],{"className":53,"code":64508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64510,64511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64512,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64514,140],{"class":139},[60,64516,1641],{"class":74},[60,64518,79],{"class":78},[60,64520,3759],{"class":82},[60,64522,79],{"class":78},[60,64524,1646],{"class":74},[337,64526,64528],{"id":64527},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64530,64531],{},"This:",[51,64533,64535],{"className":53,"code":64534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64536,64537,64569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64538,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64540,1613],{"class":66},[60,64542,71],{"class":70},[60,64544,75],{"class":74},[60,64546,79],{"class":78},[60,64548,30],{"class":82},[60,64550,79],{"class":78},[60,64552,258],{"class":74},[60,64554,5408],{"class":357},[60,64556,88],{"class":74},[60,64558,91],{"class":78},[60,64560,1428],{"class":82},[60,64562,79],{"class":78},[60,64564,258],{"class":74},[60,64566,363],{"class":357},[60,64568,108],{"class":74},[60,64570,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64572,140],{"class":139},[60,64574,124],{"class":74},[60,64576,8006],{"class":1683},[60,64578,124],{"class":74},[60,64580,1634],{"class":120},[60,64582,1691],{"class":74},[20,64584,64585],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64587,243,64588,64591],{},[15,64589,64590],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[337,64593,64595],{"id":64594},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64597,64598,64600],{},[15,64599,24667],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64602,64603],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[46,64605,1746],{"id":1745},[337,64607,1773,64609,64611],{"id":64608},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[60,64610],{}," and list()?",[20,64613,64614,64615,64617,64618,64620],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64616,3700],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64619,24667],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[337,64622,64624],{"id":64623},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64626,64627,64628,64630],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64629,24667],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[337,64632,64634],{"id":64633},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64636,64637],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[337,64639,64641],{"id":64640},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64643,64644],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[337,64646,64648],{"id":64647},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64650,64651,64652,64654],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64653,24667],{}," cannot loop through it.",[46,64656,1808],{"id":1807},[260,64658,64659,64663,64668,64672,64676,64680,64684,64689],{},[263,64660,64661],{},[30,64662,52658],{"href":50865},[263,64664,64665],{},[30,64666,64667],{"href":36080},"Python range() function explained",[263,64669,64670],{},[30,64671,63105],{"href":63104},[263,64673,64674],{},[30,64675,63437],{"href":63436},[263,64677,64678],{},[30,64679,5125],{"href":5497},[263,64681,64682],{},[30,64683,13682],{"href":13681},[263,64685,64686],{},[30,64687,64688],{"href":52486},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[263,64690,64691],{},[30,64692,54164],{"href":52934},[1841,64694,64695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":64697},[64698,64699,64700,64701,64702,64709,64710,64711,64716,64717,64724,64732],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":62807,"depth":111,"text":62808},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":59506,"depth":111,"text":59507},{"id":63035,"depth":111,"text":63036,"children":64703},[64704,64705,64706,64707,64708],{"id":63039,"depth":136,"text":63040},{"id":63108,"depth":136,"text":63109},{"id":63186,"depth":136,"text":63187},{"id":63261,"depth":136,"text":63262},{"id":63328,"depth":136,"text":63329},{"id":63440,"depth":111,"text":63441},{"id":63576,"depth":111,"text":63577},{"id":63876,"depth":111,"text":63877,"children":64712},[64713,64714,64715],{"id":63885,"depth":136,"text":63886},{"id":63975,"depth":136,"text":63976},{"id":64069,"depth":136,"text":64070},{"id":64184,"depth":111,"text":64185},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":64718},[64719,64720,64722,64723],{"id":64351,"depth":136,"text":64352},{"id":64418,"depth":136,"text":64721},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64527,"depth":136,"text":64528},{"id":64594,"depth":136,"text":64595},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":64725},[64726,64728,64729,64730,64731],{"id":64608,"depth":136,"text":64727},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64623,"depth":136,"text":64624},{"id":64633,"depth":136,"text":64634},{"id":64640,"depth":136,"text":64641},{"id":64647,"depth":136,"text":64648},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62641,"description":64733},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64740,"title":64741,"body":64742,"description":66093,"extension":1883,"meta":66094,"navigation":152,"path":66095,"seo":66096,"stem":66097,"__hash__":66098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64743,"toc":66067},[64744,64749,64755,64764,64766,64839,64848,64853,64857,64873,64877,64879,64881,64900,64903,64931,64934,64959,64967,64969,64974,64981,64983,65040,65042,65050,65056,65060,65063,65136,65138,65146,65149,65172,65179,65185,65189,65195,65266,65268,65276,65285,65292,65299,65307,65451,65453,65470,65473,65512,65515,65519,65524,65526,65585,65591,65594,65701,65703,65718,65721,65728,65730,65734,65882,65885,65946,65949,65952,65973,65978,65982,65993,65996,65998,66003,66006,66014,66019,66025,66028,66034,66042,66044,66064],[10,64745,54228,64747,18],{"id":64746},"python-list-index-method",[15,64748,58854],{},[20,64750,64751,64754],{},[15,64752,64753],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64756,64757,64758,64761,64762,117],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[41,64759,64760],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64763,40588],{},[46,64765,3525],{"id":3524},[51,64767,64769],{"className":53,"code":64768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64770,64771,64803,64826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64772,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64774,486],{"class":66},[60,64776,71],{"class":70},[60,64778,1512],{"class":74},[60,64780,79],{"class":78},[60,64782,495],{"class":82},[60,64784,79],{"class":78},[60,64786,88],{"class":74},[60,64788,91],{"class":78},[60,64790,504],{"class":82},[60,64792,79],{"class":78},[60,64794,88],{"class":74},[60,64796,91],{"class":78},[60,64798,4008],{"class":82},[60,64800,79],{"class":78},[60,64802,1525],{"class":74},[60,64804,64805,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64806,64807],{"class":66},"position ",[60,64809,71],{"class":70},[60,64811,5877],{"class":66},[60,64813,117],{"class":74},[60,64815,35732],{"class":120},[60,64817,124],{"class":74},[60,64819,79],{"class":78},[60,64821,504],{"class":82},[60,64823,79],{"class":78},[60,64825,133],{"class":74},[60,64827,64828,64830,64832,64835,64837],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,64829,140],{"class":139},[60,64831,124],{"class":74},[60,64833,64834],{"class":120},"position",[60,64836,174],{"class":74},[60,64838,27665],{"class":177},[20,64840,243,64841,64844,64845,64847],{},[15,64842,64843],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64846,40588],{}," if the item is not found.",[46,64849,250,64851,253],{"id":64850},"what-listindex-does",[15,64852,64753],{},[20,64854,64855,258],{},[15,64856,64753],{},[260,64858,64859,64862,64865,64870],{},[263,64860,64861],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[263,64863,64864],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[263,64866,64867,64868],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64869,2039],{},[263,64871,64872],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64874,54453,64875,117],{},[30,64876,52658],{"href":54456},[46,64878,296],{"id":295},[20,64880,30610],{},[51,64882,64884],{"className":53,"code":64883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64885,64886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64887,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64889,8252],{"class":66},[60,64891,117],{"class":74},[60,64893,35732],{"class":120},[60,64895,124],{"class":74},[60,64897,315],{"class":120},[60,64899,133],{"class":74},[20,64901,64902],{},"You can also limit the search:",[51,64904,64906],{"className":53,"code":64905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64907,64908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64911,8252],{"class":66},[60,64913,117],{"class":74},[60,64915,35732],{"class":120},[60,64917,124],{"class":74},[60,64919,315],{"class":120},[60,64921,88],{"class":74},[60,64923,35938],{"class":120},[60,64925,88],{"class":74},[60,64927,64928],{"class":120}," end",[60,64930,133],{"class":74},[20,64932,64933],{},"Here is what each part means:",[260,64935,64936,64941,64946,64951],{},[263,64937,64938,64940],{},[15,64939,315],{},": the item to search for",[263,64942,64943,64945],{},[15,64944,35959],{},": where the search begins",[263,64947,64948,64950],{},[15,64949,52547],{},": where the search stops",[263,64952,64953,4694,64955,64958],{},[15,64954,52547],{},[41,64956,64957],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64960,64961,64962,64964,64965,117],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64963,35959],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64966,52547],{},[46,64968,37904],{"id":37903},[20,64970,64971,64973],{},[15,64972,64753],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64975,64976,64977,64980],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[41,64978,64979],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64982,2127],{},[51,64984,64986],{"className":53,"code":64985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64987,64988,65008,65026,65030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64989,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64991,350],{"class":66},[60,64993,71],{"class":70},[60,64995,1512],{"class":74},[60,64997,2250],{"class":357},[60,64999,88],{"class":74},[60,65001,7702],{"class":357},[60,65003,88],{"class":74},[60,65005,7707],{"class":357},[60,65007,1525],{"class":74},[60,65009,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65011,688],{"class":66},[60,65013,71],{"class":70},[60,65015,1294],{"class":66},[60,65017,117],{"class":74},[60,65019,35732],{"class":120},[60,65021,124],{"class":74},[60,65023,15645],{"class":357},[60,65025,133],{"class":74},[60,65027,65028],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65029,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,65031,65032,65034,65036,65038],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,65033,140],{"class":139},[60,65035,124],{"class":74},[60,65037,720],{"class":120},[60,65039,133],{"class":74},[20,65041,404],{},[51,65043,65044],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,65045,65046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65047,65048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65049,46801],{"class":357},[20,65051,65052,65053,65055],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65054,58854],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[46,65057,65059],{"id":65058},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65061,65062],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[51,65064,65066],{"className":53,"code":65065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65067,65068,65100,65122,65126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65069,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65071,852],{"class":66},[60,65073,71],{"class":70},[60,65075,1512],{"class":74},[60,65077,79],{"class":78},[60,65079,495],{"class":82},[60,65081,79],{"class":78},[60,65083,88],{"class":74},[60,65085,91],{"class":78},[60,65087,504],{"class":82},[60,65089,79],{"class":78},[60,65091,88],{"class":74},[60,65093,91],{"class":78},[60,65095,4008],{"class":82},[60,65097,79],{"class":78},[60,65099,1525],{"class":74},[60,65101,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65103,64807],{"class":66},[60,65105,71],{"class":70},[60,65107,902],{"class":66},[60,65109,117],{"class":74},[60,65111,35732],{"class":120},[60,65113,124],{"class":74},[60,65115,79],{"class":78},[60,65117,4008],{"class":82},[60,65119,79],{"class":78},[60,65121,133],{"class":74},[60,65123,65124],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65125,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,65127,65128,65130,65132,65134],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,65129,140],{"class":139},[60,65131,124],{"class":74},[60,65133,64834],{"class":120},[60,65135,133],{"class":74},[20,65137,404],{},[51,65139,65140],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,65141,65142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65143,65144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65145,16947],{"class":357},[20,65147,65148],{},"In this list:",[260,65150,65151,65158,65165],{},[263,65152,65153,65155,65156],{},[15,65154,57719],{}," is at index ",[15,65157,2039],{},[263,65159,65160,65155,65163],{},[15,65161,65162],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65164,358],{},[263,65166,65167,65155,65170],{},[15,65168,65169],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65171,1303],{},[20,65173,53539,65174,641,65177,117],{},[15,65175,65176],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65178,1303],{},[20,65180,51429,65181,117],{},[30,65182,65184],{"href":65183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[46,65186,65188],{"id":65187},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65190,65191,65192,65194],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65193,58854],{}," returns the first match only.",[51,65196,65198],{"className":53,"code":65197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65199,65200,65240,65244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65201,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65203,67],{"class":66},[60,65205,71],{"class":70},[60,65207,1512],{"class":74},[60,65209,79],{"class":78},[60,65211,83],{"class":82},[60,65213,79],{"class":78},[60,65215,88],{"class":74},[60,65217,91],{"class":78},[60,65219,94],{"class":82},[60,65221,79],{"class":78},[60,65223,88],{"class":74},[60,65225,91],{"class":78},[60,65227,83],{"class":82},[60,65229,79],{"class":78},[60,65231,88],{"class":74},[60,65233,91],{"class":78},[60,65235,103],{"class":82},[60,65237,79],{"class":78},[60,65239,1525],{"class":74},[60,65241,65242],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65243,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,65245,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65247,140],{"class":139},[60,65249,124],{"class":74},[60,65251,114],{"class":120},[60,65253,117],{"class":74},[60,65255,35732],{"class":120},[60,65257,124],{"class":74},[60,65259,79],{"class":78},[60,65261,83],{"class":82},[60,65263,79],{"class":78},[60,65265,1691],{"class":74},[20,65267,404],{},[51,65269,65270],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,65271,65272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65273,65274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65275,47136],{"class":357},[20,65277,20867,65278,65281,65282,65284],{},[15,65279,65280],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65283,2039],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65286,65287,65288,117],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[30,65289,55406,65290,1818],{"href":58913},[15,65291,57176],{},[46,65293,8331,65295,1776,65297],{"id":65294},"using-start-and-end",[15,65296,35959],{},[15,65298,52547],{},[20,65300,65301,65302,1776,65304,65306],{},"The optional ",[15,65303,35959],{},[15,65305,52547],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[51,65308,65310],{"className":53,"code":65309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65311,65312,65360,65364,65389,65418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65313,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65315,1411],{"class":66},[60,65317,71],{"class":70},[60,65319,1512],{"class":74},[60,65321,79],{"class":78},[60,65323,30],{"class":82},[60,65325,79],{"class":78},[60,65327,88],{"class":74},[60,65329,91],{"class":78},[60,65331,1428],{"class":82},[60,65333,79],{"class":78},[60,65335,88],{"class":74},[60,65337,91],{"class":78},[60,65339,1437],{"class":82},[60,65341,79],{"class":78},[60,65343,88],{"class":74},[60,65345,91],{"class":78},[60,65347,1428],{"class":82},[60,65349,79],{"class":78},[60,65351,88],{"class":74},[60,65353,91],{"class":78},[60,65355,18658],{"class":82},[60,65357,79],{"class":78},[60,65359,1525],{"class":74},[60,65361,65362],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65363,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,65365,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65367,140],{"class":139},[60,65369,124],{"class":74},[60,65371,1446],{"class":120},[60,65373,117],{"class":74},[60,65375,35732],{"class":120},[60,65377,124],{"class":74},[60,65379,79],{"class":78},[60,65381,1428],{"class":82},[60,65383,79],{"class":78},[60,65385,5271],{"class":74},[60,65387,65388],{"class":177},"        # first match\n",[60,65390,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,65392,140],{"class":139},[60,65394,124],{"class":74},[60,65396,1446],{"class":120},[60,65398,117],{"class":74},[60,65400,35732],{"class":120},[60,65402,124],{"class":74},[60,65404,79],{"class":78},[60,65406,1428],{"class":82},[60,65408,79],{"class":78},[60,65410,88],{"class":74},[60,65412,363],{"class":357},[60,65414,5271],{"class":74},[60,65416,65417],{"class":177},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[60,65419,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,65421,140],{"class":139},[60,65423,124],{"class":74},[60,65425,1446],{"class":120},[60,65427,117],{"class":74},[60,65429,35732],{"class":120},[60,65431,124],{"class":74},[60,65433,79],{"class":78},[60,65435,1428],{"class":82},[60,65437,79],{"class":78},[60,65439,88],{"class":74},[60,65441,5408],{"class":357},[60,65443,88],{"class":74},[60,65445,373],{"class":357},[60,65447,5271],{"class":74},[60,65449,65450],{"class":177},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65452,404],{},[51,65454,65456],{"className":53,"code":65455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65457,65458,65462,65466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65459,65460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65461,46801],{"class":357},[60,65463,65464],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65465,46501],{"class":357},[60,65467,65468],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65469,46801],{"class":357},[20,65471,65472],{},"How this works:",[260,65474,65475,65487,65500],{},[263,65476,65477,65480,65481,65484,65485],{},[15,65478,65479],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65482,65483],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65486,358],{},[263,65488,65489,65492,65493,65495,65496,65484,65498],{},[15,65490,65491],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65494,1303],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65497,65483],{},[15,65499,389],{},[263,65501,65502,65505,65506,36,65508,16963,65510],{},[15,65503,65504],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65507,358],{},[15,65509,1303],{},[15,65511,389],{},[20,65513,65514],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[46,65516,65518],{"id":65517},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65520,65521,65522,117],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65523,40588],{},[20,65525,2127],{},[51,65527,65529],{"className":53,"code":65528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65530,65531,65563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65532,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65534,486],{"class":66},[60,65536,71],{"class":70},[60,65538,1512],{"class":74},[60,65540,79],{"class":78},[60,65542,495],{"class":82},[60,65544,79],{"class":78},[60,65546,88],{"class":74},[60,65548,91],{"class":78},[60,65550,504],{"class":82},[60,65552,79],{"class":78},[60,65554,88],{"class":74},[60,65556,91],{"class":78},[60,65558,4008],{"class":82},[60,65560,79],{"class":78},[60,65562,1525],{"class":74},[60,65564,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65566,140],{"class":139},[60,65568,124],{"class":74},[60,65570,517],{"class":120},[60,65572,117],{"class":74},[60,65574,35732],{"class":120},[60,65576,124],{"class":74},[60,65578,79],{"class":78},[60,65580,528],{"class":82},[60,65582,79],{"class":78},[60,65584,1691],{"class":74},[20,65586,39538,65587,65590],{},[15,65588,65589],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65592,65593],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[51,65595,65597],{"className":53,"code":65596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65598,65599,65631,65644,65648,65661,65680,65686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65600,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65602,486],{"class":66},[60,65604,71],{"class":70},[60,65606,1512],{"class":74},[60,65608,79],{"class":78},[60,65610,495],{"class":82},[60,65612,79],{"class":78},[60,65614,88],{"class":74},[60,65616,91],{"class":78},[60,65618,504],{"class":82},[60,65620,79],{"class":78},[60,65622,88],{"class":74},[60,65624,91],{"class":78},[60,65626,4008],{"class":82},[60,65628,79],{"class":78},[60,65630,1525],{"class":74},[60,65632,65633,65636,65638,65640,65642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65634,65635],{"class":66},"search_value ",[60,65637,71],{"class":70},[60,65639,91],{"class":78},[60,65641,528],{"class":82},[60,65643,3273],{"class":78},[60,65645,65646],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65647,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,65649,65650,65652,65655,65657,65659],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,65651,1154],{"class":1153},[60,65653,65654],{"class":66}," search_value ",[60,65656,1703],{"class":70},[60,65658,5877],{"class":66},[60,65660,1168],{"class":74},[60,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65678],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,65664,7981],{"class":139},[60,65666,124],{"class":74},[60,65668,517],{"class":120},[60,65670,117],{"class":74},[60,65672,35732],{"class":120},[60,65674,124],{"class":74},[60,65676,65677],{"class":120},"search_value",[60,65679,1691],{"class":74},[60,65681,65682,65684],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,65683,27319],{"class":1153},[60,65685,1168],{"class":74},[60,65687,65688,65690,65692,65694,65697,65699],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,65689,7981],{"class":139},[60,65691,124],{"class":74},[60,65693,79],{"class":78},[60,65695,65696],{"class":82},"Item not found",[60,65698,79],{"class":78},[60,65700,133],{"class":74},[20,65702,404],{},[51,65704,65706],{"className":53,"code":65705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Item not found\n",[15,65707,65708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65709,65710,65713,65715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65711,65712],{"class":66},"Item ",[60,65714,43],{"class":70},[60,65716,65717],{"class":66}," found\n",[20,65719,65720],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65722,65723,65724,117],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,65725,65727],{"href":65726},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[46,65729,4430],{"id":4429},[20,65731,21100,65732,258],{},[15,65733,64753],{},[260,65735,65736,65754,65766,65826],{},[263,65737,25660,65738,641,65740,65743,65744,65746,65747,5070,65749,65751,65752,117],{},[15,65739,58854],{},[15,65741,65742],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9752,65745],{},"\nPython does ",[41,65748,43],{},[15,65750,65742],{},". It raises ",[15,65753,40588],{},[263,65755,65756,65757,65759,65762,65763,65765],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9752,65758],{},[15,65760,65761],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65764,65162],{},", not the value itself.",[263,65767,8331,65768,10994,65771,65773,65775,65776,16546,65778,65801,1498,65803],{},[15,65769,65770],{},"index[]",[15,65772,58854],{},[9752,65774],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9752,65777],{},[51,65779,65781],{"className":53,"code":65780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65782,65783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65784,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65786,517],{"class":66},[60,65788,117],{"class":74},[60,65790,35732],{"class":120},[60,65792,124],{"class":74},[60,65794,79],{"class":78},[60,65796,504],{"class":82},[60,65798,79],{"class":78},[60,65800,133],{"class":74},[9752,65802],{},[51,65804,65806],{"className":53,"code":65805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65807,65808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65809,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65811,517],{"class":66},[60,65813,117],{"class":74},[60,65815,35732],{"class":1723},[60,65817,3812],{"class":74},[60,65819,79],{"class":78},[60,65821,504],{"class":82},[60,65823,79],{"class":78},[60,65825,1525],{"class":74},[263,65827,65828,65829,65831,1776,65834,65836,65837],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9752,65830],{},[15,65832,65833],{},"\"3\"",[15,65835,389],{}," are different values in Python.",[51,65838,65840],{"className":53,"code":65839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65841,65842,65862],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65843,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65845,350],{"class":66},[60,65847,71],{"class":70},[60,65849,1512],{"class":74},[60,65851,358],{"class":357},[60,65853,88],{"class":74},[60,65855,363],{"class":357},[60,65857,88],{"class":74},[60,65859,368],{"class":357},[60,65861,1525],{"class":74},[60,65863,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65865,140],{"class":139},[60,65867,124],{"class":74},[60,65869,79],{"class":78},[60,65871,389],{"class":82},[60,65873,79],{"class":78},[60,65875,1163],{"class":1153},[60,65877,1294],{"class":120},[60,65879,174],{"class":74},[60,65881,4682],{"class":177},[20,65883,65884],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,65886,65888],{"className":53,"code":65887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65889,65890,65900,65914,65928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65891,65892,65894,65896,65898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65893,140],{"class":139},[60,65895,124],{"class":74},[60,65897,8252],{"class":120},[60,65899,133],{"class":74},[60,65901,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65903,140],{"class":139},[60,65905,124],{"class":74},[60,65907,1684],{"class":1683},[60,65909,124],{"class":74},[60,65911,65677],{"class":120},[60,65913,1691],{"class":74},[60,65915,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,65917,140],{"class":139},[60,65919,124],{"class":74},[60,65921,65635],{"class":120},[60,65923,1703],{"class":1153},[60,65925,8309],{"class":120},[60,65927,133],{"class":74},[60,65929,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,65931,140],{"class":139},[60,65933,124],{"class":74},[60,65935,8252],{"class":120},[60,65937,117],{"class":74},[60,65939,35732],{"class":120},[60,65941,124],{"class":74},[60,65943,65677],{"class":120},[60,65945,1691],{"class":74},[20,65947,65948],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65950,65951],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[260,65953,65954,65957,65964,65970],{},[263,65955,65956],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[263,65958,65959,65960,10994,65962],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65961,65833],{},[15,65963,389],{},[263,65965,65966,65967,65969],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65968,58854],{}," returns only the first one",[263,65971,65972],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[46,65974,1220,65976],{"id":65975},"when-to-use-index",[15,65977,58854],{},[20,65979,243,65980,1227],{},[15,65981,58854],{},[260,65983,65984,65987,65990],{},[263,65985,65986],{},"You need the position of a known value",[263,65988,65989],{},"You are working with a small list",[263,65991,65992],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65994,65995],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[46,65997,1746],{"id":1745},[337,65999,1760,66001,5055],{"id":66000},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66002,64753],{},[20,66004,66005],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[337,66007,12599,66009,5070,66011,66013],{"id":66008},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66010,64753],{},[15,66012,65742],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66015,66016,66017,6542],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66018,40588],{},[337,66020,5079,66022,66024],{"id":66021},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66023,64753],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66026,66027],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[337,66029,66031,66032,1779],{"id":66030},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66033,58854],{},[20,66035,66036,66037,1776,66039,66041],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66038,35959],{},[15,66040,52547],{}," arguments.",[46,66043,1808],{"id":1807},[260,66045,66046,66050,66054,66058],{},[263,66047,66048],{},[30,66049,58842],{"href":65183},[263,66051,66052],{},[30,66053,52658],{"href":54456},[263,66055,66056],{},[30,66057,65727],{"href":65726},[263,66059,66060],{},[30,66061,55406,66062,1818],{"href":58913},[15,66063,57176],{},[1841,66065,66066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":66068},[66069,66070,66072,66073,66074,66075,66076,66078,66079,66080,66082,66092],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":64850,"depth":111,"text":66071},"What list.index() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904},{"id":65058,"depth":111,"text":65059},{"id":65187,"depth":111,"text":65188},{"id":65294,"depth":111,"text":66077},"Using start and end",{"id":65517,"depth":111,"text":65518},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430},{"id":65975,"depth":111,"text":66081},"When to use index()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":66083},[66084,66086,66088,66090],{"id":66000,"depth":136,"text":66085},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66008,"depth":136,"text":66087},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66021,"depth":136,"text":66089},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66030,"depth":136,"text":66091},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64741,"description":66093},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66100,"title":66101,"body":66102,"description":68044,"extension":1883,"meta":68045,"navigation":152,"path":68046,"seo":68047,"stem":68048,"__hash__":68049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66103,"toc":68004},[66104,66109,66114,66117,66126,66183,66189,66194,66198,66212,66218,66220,66243,66260,66262,66323,66325,66357,66370,66372,66375,66475,66477,66555,66561,66565,66573,66577,66583,66638,66640,66664,66668,66671,66724,66726,66750,66754,66757,66810,66812,66836,66840,66846,66917,66919,66960,66966,66973,66976,66981,66989,66994,67002,67004,67101,67103,67172,67179,67184,67186,67190,67195,67197,67268,67270,67299,67305,67307,67334,67337,67360,67364,67367,67389,67392,67415,67417,67477,67479,67511,67517,67522,67575,67577,67602,67605,67654,67656,67677,67681,67686,67689,67744,67746,67773,67780,67784,67789,67860,67863,67877,67882,67887,67889,67903,67915,67920,67922,67927,67932,67936,67939,67945,67951,67958,67966,67968,68001],[10,66105,54228,66107,18],{"id":66106},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66108,54154],{},[20,66110,66111,66113],{},[15,66112,53797],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66115,66116],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66118,243,66119,66121,66122,117],{},[15,66120,54154],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[30,66123,55406,66124,1818],{"href":56654},[15,66125,52539],{},[51,66127,66129],{"className":53,"code":66128,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66130,66131,66151,66169,66179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66132,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66134,350],{"class":66},[60,66136,71],{"class":70},[60,66138,1512],{"class":74},[60,66140,358],{"class":357},[60,66142,88],{"class":74},[60,66144,363],{"class":357},[60,66146,88],{"class":74},[60,66148,373],{"class":357},[60,66150,1525],{"class":74},[60,66152,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66154,380],{"class":66},[60,66156,117],{"class":74},[60,66158,53837],{"class":120},[60,66160,124],{"class":74},[60,66162,1303],{"class":357},[60,66164,88],{"class":74},[60,66166,368],{"class":357},[60,66168,133],{"class":74},[60,66170,66171,66173,66175,66177],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66172,140],{"class":139},[60,66174,124],{"class":74},[60,66176,380],{"class":120},[60,66178,133],{"class":74},[60,66180,66181],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,66182,52610],{"class":177},[20,66184,243,66185,66188],{},[15,66186,66187],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[46,66190,250,66192,253],{"id":66191},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66193,53797],{},[20,66195,66196,258],{},[15,66197,53797],{},[260,66199,66200,66203,66206,66208],{},[263,66201,66202],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[263,66204,66205],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[263,66207,54314],{},[263,66209,274,66210],{},[15,66211,277],{},[20,66213,66214,66215,66217],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66216,54154],{}," does not create a new list.",[46,66219,5341],{"id":5340},[51,66221,66223],{"className":53,"code":66222,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66224,66225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66226,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66228,8252],{"class":66},[60,66230,117],{"class":74},[60,66232,53837],{"class":120},[60,66234,124],{"class":74},[60,66236,35732],{"class":120},[60,66238,88],{"class":74},[60,66240,29392],{"class":120},[60,66242,133],{"class":74},[260,66244,66245,66250,66255],{},[263,66246,66247,66249],{},[15,66248,35732],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[263,66251,66252,66254],{},[15,66253,23197],{}," is the value to add",[263,66256,66257,66258],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66259,2039],{},[20,66261,2127],{},[51,66263,66265],{"className":53,"code":66264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66266,66267,66291,66313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66270,1411],{"class":66},[60,66272,71],{"class":70},[60,66274,1512],{"class":74},[60,66276,79],{"class":78},[60,66278,30],{"class":82},[60,66280,79],{"class":78},[60,66282,88],{"class":74},[60,66284,91],{"class":78},[60,66286,1437],{"class":82},[60,66288,79],{"class":78},[60,66290,1525],{"class":74},[60,66292,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66294,1446],{"class":66},[60,66296,117],{"class":74},[60,66298,53837],{"class":120},[60,66300,124],{"class":74},[60,66302,358],{"class":357},[60,66304,88],{"class":74},[60,66306,91],{"class":78},[60,66308,1428],{"class":82},[60,66310,79],{"class":78},[60,66312,133],{"class":74},[60,66314,66315,66317,66319,66321],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66316,140],{"class":139},[60,66318,124],{"class":74},[60,66320,1446],{"class":120},[60,66322,133],{"class":74},[20,66324,404],{},[51,66326,66327],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66328,66329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66330,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66332,3812],{"class":74},[60,66334,205],{"class":78},[60,66336,30],{"class":82},[60,66338,205],{"class":78},[60,66340,88],{"class":74},[60,66342,214],{"class":78},[60,66344,1428],{"class":82},[60,66346,205],{"class":78},[60,66348,88],{"class":74},[60,66350,214],{"class":78},[60,66352,1437],{"class":82},[60,66354,205],{"class":78},[60,66356,1525],{"class":74},[20,66358,20660,66359,66361,66362,66364,66365,1776,66367,117],{},[15,66360,65483],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66363,358],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66366,17986],{},[15,66368,66369],{},"\"c\"",[46,66371,5698],{"id":5697},[20,66373,66374],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[51,66376,66378],{"className":53,"code":66377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66379,66380,66412,66430,66434,66456],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66381,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66383,67],{"class":66},[60,66385,71],{"class":70},[60,66387,1512],{"class":74},[60,66389,79],{"class":78},[60,66391,83],{"class":82},[60,66393,79],{"class":78},[60,66395,88],{"class":74},[60,66397,91],{"class":78},[60,66399,94],{"class":82},[60,66401,79],{"class":78},[60,66403,88],{"class":74},[60,66405,91],{"class":78},[60,66407,103],{"class":82},[60,66409,79],{"class":78},[60,66411,1525],{"class":74},[60,66413,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66415,140],{"class":139},[60,66417,124],{"class":74},[60,66419,79],{"class":78},[60,66421,895],{"class":82},[60,66423,79],{"class":78},[60,66425,88],{"class":74},[60,66427,693],{"class":120},[60,66429,133],{"class":74},[60,66431,66432],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66433,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,66435,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,66437,114],{"class":66},[60,66439,117],{"class":74},[60,66441,53837],{"class":120},[60,66443,124],{"class":74},[60,66445,358],{"class":357},[60,66447,88],{"class":74},[60,66449,91],{"class":78},[60,66451,169],{"class":82},[60,66453,79],{"class":78},[60,66455,133],{"class":74},[60,66457,66458,66460,66462,66464,66467,66469,66471,66473],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,66459,140],{"class":139},[60,66461,124],{"class":74},[60,66463,79],{"class":78},[60,66465,66466],{"class":82},"After: ",[60,66468,79],{"class":78},[60,66470,88],{"class":74},[60,66472,693],{"class":120},[60,66474,133],{"class":74},[20,66476,404],{},[51,66478,66480],{"className":53,"code":66479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66481,66482,66514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66483,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66485,962],{"class":66},[60,66487,258],{"class":74},[60,66489,1512],{"class":74},[60,66491,205],{"class":78},[60,66493,83],{"class":82},[60,66495,205],{"class":78},[60,66497,88],{"class":74},[60,66499,214],{"class":78},[60,66501,94],{"class":82},[60,66503,205],{"class":78},[60,66505,88],{"class":74},[60,66507,214],{"class":78},[60,66509,103],{"class":82},[60,66511,205],{"class":78},[60,66513,1525],{"class":74},[60,66515,66516,66518,66520,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66517,995],{"class":66},[60,66519,258],{"class":74},[60,66521,66522],{"class":74},"  [",[60,66524,205],{"class":78},[60,66526,83],{"class":82},[60,66528,205],{"class":78},[60,66530,88],{"class":74},[60,66532,214],{"class":78},[60,66534,169],{"class":82},[60,66536,205],{"class":78},[60,66538,88],{"class":74},[60,66540,214],{"class":78},[60,66542,94],{"class":82},[60,66544,205],{"class":78},[60,66546,88],{"class":74},[60,66548,214],{"class":78},[60,66550,103],{"class":82},[60,66552,205],{"class":78},[60,66554,1525],{"class":74},[20,66556,66557,66558,66560],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66559,358],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[46,66562,66564],{"id":66563},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66566,1900,66567,35215,66569,66572],{},[15,66568,35732],{},[15,66570,66571],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[337,66574,66576],{"id":66575},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66578,66579,66580,66582],{},"Use index ",[15,66581,2039],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[51,66584,66586],{"className":53,"code":66585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66587,66588,66609,66628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66589,66590,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66591,66592],{"class":66},"nums ",[60,66594,71],{"class":70},[60,66596,1512],{"class":74},[60,66598,1303],{"class":357},[60,66600,88],{"class":74},[60,66602,368],{"class":357},[60,66604,88],{"class":74},[60,66606,373],{"class":357},[60,66608,1525],{"class":74},[60,66610,66611,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66612,66613],{"class":66},"nums",[60,66615,117],{"class":74},[60,66617,53837],{"class":120},[60,66619,124],{"class":74},[60,66621,2039],{"class":357},[60,66623,88],{"class":74},[60,66625,5408],{"class":357},[60,66627,133],{"class":74},[60,66629,66630,66632,66634,66636],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66631,140],{"class":139},[60,66633,124],{"class":74},[60,66635,66613],{"class":120},[60,66637,133],{"class":74},[20,66639,404],{},[51,66641,66642],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66643,66644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66645,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66647,3812],{"class":74},[60,66649,358],{"class":357},[60,66651,88],{"class":74},[60,66653,363],{"class":357},[60,66655,88],{"class":74},[60,66657,368],{"class":357},[60,66659,88],{"class":74},[60,66661,373],{"class":357},[60,66663,1525],{"class":74},[337,66665,66667],{"id":66666},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66669,66670],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[51,66672,66674],{"className":53,"code":66673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66675,66676,66696,66714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66677,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66679,66592],{"class":66},[60,66681,71],{"class":70},[60,66683,1512],{"class":74},[60,66685,358],{"class":357},[60,66687,88],{"class":74},[60,66689,363],{"class":357},[60,66691,88],{"class":74},[60,66693,373],{"class":357},[60,66695,1525],{"class":74},[60,66697,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66699,66613],{"class":66},[60,66701,117],{"class":74},[60,66703,53837],{"class":120},[60,66705,124],{"class":74},[60,66707,1303],{"class":357},[60,66709,88],{"class":74},[60,66711,368],{"class":357},[60,66713,133],{"class":74},[60,66715,66716,66718,66720,66722],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66717,140],{"class":139},[60,66719,124],{"class":74},[60,66721,66613],{"class":120},[60,66723,133],{"class":74},[20,66725,404],{},[51,66727,66728],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66729,66730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66731,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66733,3812],{"class":74},[60,66735,358],{"class":357},[60,66737,88],{"class":74},[60,66739,363],{"class":357},[60,66741,88],{"class":74},[60,66743,368],{"class":357},[60,66745,88],{"class":74},[60,66747,373],{"class":357},[60,66749,1525],{"class":74},[337,66751,66753],{"id":66752},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66755,66756],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[51,66758,66760],{"className":53,"code":66759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66761,66762,66782,66800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66763,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66765,66592],{"class":66},[60,66767,71],{"class":70},[60,66769,1512],{"class":74},[60,66771,358],{"class":357},[60,66773,88],{"class":74},[60,66775,363],{"class":357},[60,66777,88],{"class":74},[60,66779,368],{"class":357},[60,66781,1525],{"class":74},[60,66783,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66785,66613],{"class":66},[60,66787,117],{"class":74},[60,66789,53837],{"class":120},[60,66791,124],{"class":74},[60,66793,2250],{"class":357},[60,66795,88],{"class":74},[60,66797,373],{"class":357},[60,66799,133],{"class":74},[60,66801,66802,66804,66806,66808],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66803,140],{"class":139},[60,66805,124],{"class":74},[60,66807,66613],{"class":120},[60,66809,133],{"class":74},[20,66811,404],{},[51,66813,66814],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66815,66816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66817,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66819,3812],{"class":74},[60,66821,358],{"class":357},[60,66823,88],{"class":74},[60,66825,363],{"class":357},[60,66827,88],{"class":74},[60,66829,368],{"class":357},[60,66831,88],{"class":74},[60,66833,373],{"class":357},[60,66835,1525],{"class":74},[337,66837,66839],{"id":66838},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66841,66842,66843,66845],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66844,54154],{}," places the item before that position.",[51,66847,66849],{"className":53,"code":66848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66850,66851,66883,66907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66852,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66854,1411],{"class":66},[60,66856,71],{"class":70},[60,66858,1512],{"class":74},[60,66860,79],{"class":78},[60,66862,30],{"class":82},[60,66864,79],{"class":78},[60,66866,88],{"class":74},[60,66868,91],{"class":78},[60,66870,1428],{"class":82},[60,66872,79],{"class":78},[60,66874,88],{"class":74},[60,66876,91],{"class":78},[60,66878,18658],{"class":82},[60,66880,79],{"class":78},[60,66882,1525],{"class":74},[60,66884,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66886,1446],{"class":66},[60,66888,117],{"class":74},[60,66890,53837],{"class":120},[60,66892,124],{"class":74},[60,66894,1942],{"class":70},[60,66896,358],{"class":357},[60,66898,88],{"class":74},[60,66900,91],{"class":78},[60,66902,1437],{"class":82},[60,66904,79],{"class":78},[60,66906,133],{"class":74},[60,66908,66909,66911,66913,66915],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,66910,140],{"class":139},[60,66912,124],{"class":74},[60,66914,1446],{"class":120},[60,66916,133],{"class":74},[20,66918,404],{},[51,66920,66922],{"className":53,"code":66921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66923,66924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66925,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66927,3812],{"class":74},[60,66929,205],{"class":78},[60,66931,30],{"class":82},[60,66933,205],{"class":78},[60,66935,88],{"class":74},[60,66937,214],{"class":78},[60,66939,1428],{"class":82},[60,66941,205],{"class":78},[60,66943,88],{"class":74},[60,66945,214],{"class":78},[60,66947,1437],{"class":82},[60,66949,205],{"class":78},[60,66951,88],{"class":74},[60,66953,214],{"class":78},[60,66955,18658],{"class":82},[60,66957,205],{"class":78},[60,66959,1525],{"class":74},[20,66961,66962,66963,2223],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[30,66964,66965],{"href":50865},"Python lists beginner guide",[46,66967,66969,474,66971],{"id":66968},"insert-vs-append",[15,66970,54154],{},[15,66972,52539],{},[20,66974,66975],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[337,66977,243,66979,1227],{"id":66978},"use-insert-when",[15,66980,54154],{},[260,66982,66983,66986],{},[263,66984,66985],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[263,66987,66988],{},"The order of the list matters",[337,66990,243,66992,1227],{"id":66991},"use-append-when",[15,66993,52539],{},[260,66995,66996,66999],{},[263,66997,66998],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[263,67000,67001],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67003,2127],{},[51,67005,67007],{"className":53,"code":67006,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67008,67009,67033,67037,67059,67069,67073,67091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67010,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67012,486],{"class":66},[60,67014,71],{"class":70},[60,67016,1512],{"class":74},[60,67018,79],{"class":78},[60,67020,495],{"class":82},[60,67022,79],{"class":78},[60,67024,88],{"class":74},[60,67026,91],{"class":78},[60,67028,528],{"class":82},[60,67030,79],{"class":78},[60,67032,1525],{"class":74},[60,67034,67035],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67036,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,67038,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67040,517],{"class":66},[60,67042,117],{"class":74},[60,67044,53837],{"class":120},[60,67046,124],{"class":74},[60,67048,358],{"class":357},[60,67050,88],{"class":74},[60,67052,91],{"class":78},[60,67054,504],{"class":82},[60,67056,79],{"class":78},[60,67058,133],{"class":74},[60,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,67062,140],{"class":139},[60,67064,124],{"class":74},[60,67066,517],{"class":120},[60,67068,133],{"class":74},[60,67070,67071],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,67072,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,67074,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,67076,517],{"class":66},[60,67078,117],{"class":74},[60,67080,13444],{"class":120},[60,67082,124],{"class":74},[60,67084,79],{"class":78},[60,67086,1084],{"class":82},[60,67088,79],{"class":78},[60,67090,133],{"class":74},[60,67092,67093,67095,67097,67099],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,67094,140],{"class":139},[60,67096,124],{"class":74},[60,67098,517],{"class":120},[60,67100,133],{"class":74},[20,67102,404],{},[51,67104,67106],{"className":53,"code":67105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67107,67108,67136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67109,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67111,3812],{"class":74},[60,67113,205],{"class":78},[60,67115,495],{"class":82},[60,67117,205],{"class":78},[60,67119,88],{"class":74},[60,67121,214],{"class":78},[60,67123,504],{"class":82},[60,67125,205],{"class":78},[60,67127,88],{"class":74},[60,67129,214],{"class":78},[60,67131,528],{"class":82},[60,67133,205],{"class":78},[60,67135,1525],{"class":74},[60,67137,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67139,3812],{"class":74},[60,67141,205],{"class":78},[60,67143,495],{"class":82},[60,67145,205],{"class":78},[60,67147,88],{"class":74},[60,67149,214],{"class":78},[60,67151,504],{"class":82},[60,67153,205],{"class":78},[60,67155,88],{"class":74},[60,67157,214],{"class":78},[60,67159,528],{"class":82},[60,67161,205],{"class":78},[60,67163,88],{"class":74},[60,67165,214],{"class":78},[60,67167,1084],{"class":82},[60,67169,205],{"class":78},[60,67171,1525],{"class":74},[20,67173,67174,67175,117],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[30,67176,55406,67177,1818],{"href":56654},[15,67178,52539],{},[20,67180,67181,67182,117],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[30,67183,52935],{"href":52934},[46,67185,4430],{"id":4429},[20,67187,14624,67188,117],{},[15,67189,54154],{},[337,67191,12489,67193],{"id":67192},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67194,54154],{},[20,67196,25576],{},[51,67198,67200],{"className":53,"code":67199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67201,67202,67222,67244,67248,67258],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67203,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67205,350],{"class":66},[60,67207,71],{"class":70},[60,67209,1512],{"class":74},[60,67211,358],{"class":357},[60,67213,88],{"class":74},[60,67215,363],{"class":357},[60,67217,88],{"class":74},[60,67219,368],{"class":357},[60,67221,1525],{"class":74},[60,67223,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67225,688],{"class":66},[60,67227,71],{"class":70},[60,67229,1294],{"class":66},[60,67231,117],{"class":74},[60,67233,53837],{"class":120},[60,67235,124],{"class":74},[60,67237,358],{"class":357},[60,67239,88],{"class":74},[60,67241,10103],{"class":357},[60,67243,133],{"class":74},[60,67245,67246],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67247,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,67249,67250,67252,67254,67256],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,67251,140],{"class":139},[60,67253,124],{"class":74},[60,67255,720],{"class":120},[60,67257,133],{"class":74},[60,67259,67260,67262,67264,67266],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,67261,140],{"class":139},[60,67263,124],{"class":74},[60,67265,380],{"class":120},[60,67267,133],{"class":74},[20,67269,404],{},[51,67271,67273],{"className":53,"code":67272,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67274,67275,67279],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67276,67277],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67278,727],{"class":734},[60,67280,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67282,3812],{"class":74},[60,67284,358],{"class":357},[60,67286,88],{"class":74},[60,67288,10103],{"class":357},[60,67290,88],{"class":74},[60,67292,363],{"class":357},[60,67294,88],{"class":74},[60,67296,368],{"class":357},[60,67298,1525],{"class":74},[20,67300,67301,54039,67303,117],{},[15,67302,54154],{},[15,67304,277],{},[20,67306,1498],{},[51,67308,67310],{"className":53,"code":67309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67311,67312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67315,55775],{"class":66},[60,67317,71],{"class":70},[60,67319,1294],{"class":66},[60,67321,117],{"class":74},[60,67323,53837],{"class":120},[60,67325,124],{"class":74},[60,67327,358],{"class":357},[60,67329,88],{"class":74},[60,67331,10103],{"class":357},[60,67333,133],{"class":74},[20,67335,67336],{},"Right:",[51,67338,67340],{"className":53,"code":67339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67341,67342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67343,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67345,380],{"class":66},[60,67347,117],{"class":74},[60,67349,53837],{"class":120},[60,67351,124],{"class":74},[60,67353,358],{"class":357},[60,67355,88],{"class":74},[60,67357,10103],{"class":357},[60,67359,133],{"class":74},[337,67361,67363],{"id":67362},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67365,67366],{},"The correct order is:",[51,67368,67369],{"className":53,"code":66222,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67370,67371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67372,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67374,8252],{"class":66},[60,67376,117],{"class":74},[60,67378,53837],{"class":120},[60,67380,124],{"class":74},[60,67382,35732],{"class":120},[60,67384,88],{"class":74},[60,67386,29392],{"class":120},[60,67388,133],{"class":74},[20,67390,67391],{},"Not:",[51,67393,67395],{"className":53,"code":67394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67396,67397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67398,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67400,8252],{"class":66},[60,67402,117],{"class":74},[60,67404,53837],{"class":120},[60,67406,124],{"class":74},[60,67408,23197],{"class":120},[60,67410,88],{"class":74},[60,67412,35707],{"class":120},[60,67414,133],{"class":74},[20,67416,2127],{},[51,67418,67419],{"className":53,"code":66264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67420,67421,67445,67467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67424,1411],{"class":66},[60,67426,71],{"class":70},[60,67428,1512],{"class":74},[60,67430,79],{"class":78},[60,67432,30],{"class":82},[60,67434,79],{"class":78},[60,67436,88],{"class":74},[60,67438,91],{"class":78},[60,67440,1437],{"class":82},[60,67442,79],{"class":78},[60,67444,1525],{"class":74},[60,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67448,1446],{"class":66},[60,67450,117],{"class":74},[60,67452,53837],{"class":120},[60,67454,124],{"class":74},[60,67456,358],{"class":357},[60,67458,88],{"class":74},[60,67460,91],{"class":78},[60,67462,1428],{"class":82},[60,67464,79],{"class":78},[60,67466,133],{"class":74},[60,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67470,140],{"class":139},[60,67472,124],{"class":74},[60,67474,1446],{"class":120},[60,67476,133],{"class":74},[20,67478,404],{},[51,67480,67481],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67482,67483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67484,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67486,3812],{"class":74},[60,67488,205],{"class":78},[60,67490,30],{"class":82},[60,67492,205],{"class":78},[60,67494,88],{"class":74},[60,67496,214],{"class":78},[60,67498,1428],{"class":82},[60,67500,205],{"class":78},[60,67502,88],{"class":74},[60,67504,214],{"class":78},[60,67506,1437],{"class":82},[60,67508,205],{"class":78},[60,67510,1525],{"class":74},[337,67512,1254,67514,67516],{"id":67513},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67515,54154],{}," to replace an item",[20,67518,67519,67521],{},[15,67520,54154],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[51,67523,67525],{"className":53,"code":67524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67526,67527,67547,67565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67528,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67530,350],{"class":66},[60,67532,71],{"class":70},[60,67534,1512],{"class":74},[60,67536,358],{"class":357},[60,67538,88],{"class":74},[60,67540,363],{"class":357},[60,67542,88],{"class":74},[60,67544,368],{"class":357},[60,67546,1525],{"class":74},[60,67548,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67550,380],{"class":66},[60,67552,117],{"class":74},[60,67554,53837],{"class":120},[60,67556,124],{"class":74},[60,67558,358],{"class":357},[60,67560,88],{"class":74},[60,67562,10103],{"class":357},[60,67564,133],{"class":74},[60,67566,67567,67569,67571,67573],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67568,140],{"class":139},[60,67570,124],{"class":74},[60,67572,380],{"class":120},[60,67574,133],{"class":74},[20,67576,404],{},[51,67578,67580],{"className":53,"code":67579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67581,67582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67583,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67585,3812],{"class":74},[60,67587,358],{"class":357},[60,67589,88],{"class":74},[60,67591,10103],{"class":357},[60,67593,88],{"class":74},[60,67595,363],{"class":357},[60,67597,88],{"class":74},[60,67599,368],{"class":357},[60,67601,1525],{"class":74},[20,67603,67604],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[51,67606,67608],{"className":53,"code":67607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67609,67610,67630,67644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67611,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67613,350],{"class":66},[60,67615,71],{"class":70},[60,67617,1512],{"class":74},[60,67619,358],{"class":357},[60,67621,88],{"class":74},[60,67623,363],{"class":357},[60,67625,88],{"class":74},[60,67627,368],{"class":357},[60,67629,1525],{"class":74},[60,67631,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67633,380],{"class":66},[60,67635,3812],{"class":74},[60,67637,358],{"class":357},[60,67639,13164],{"class":74},[60,67641,13167],{"class":70},[60,67643,14021],{"class":357},[60,67645,67646,67648,67650,67652],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67647,140],{"class":139},[60,67649,124],{"class":74},[60,67651,380],{"class":120},[60,67653,133],{"class":74},[20,67655,404],{},[51,67657,67659],{"className":53,"code":67658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67660,67661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67662,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67664,3812],{"class":74},[60,67666,358],{"class":357},[60,67668,88],{"class":74},[60,67670,10103],{"class":357},[60,67672,88],{"class":74},[60,67674,368],{"class":357},[60,67676,1525],{"class":74},[337,67678,67680],{"id":67679},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67682,67683,67685],{},[15,67684,54154],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67687,67688],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[51,67690,67692],{"className":53,"code":67691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67693,67694,67710,67734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67695,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67697,350],{"class":66},[60,67699,71],{"class":70},[60,67701,1512],{"class":74},[60,67703,358],{"class":357},[60,67705,88],{"class":74},[60,67707,373],{"class":357},[60,67709,1525],{"class":74},[60,67711,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67713,380],{"class":66},[60,67715,117],{"class":74},[60,67717,53837],{"class":120},[60,67719,124],{"class":74},[60,67721,358],{"class":357},[60,67723,88],{"class":74},[60,67725,1512],{"class":74},[60,67727,1303],{"class":357},[60,67729,88],{"class":74},[60,67731,368],{"class":357},[60,67733,1646],{"class":74},[60,67735,67736,67738,67740,67742],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67737,140],{"class":139},[60,67739,124],{"class":74},[60,67741,380],{"class":120},[60,67743,133],{"class":74},[20,67745,404],{},[51,67747,67749],{"className":53,"code":67748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67750,67751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67752,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67754,3812],{"class":74},[60,67756,358],{"class":357},[60,67758,88],{"class":74},[60,67760,1512],{"class":74},[60,67762,1303],{"class":357},[60,67764,88],{"class":74},[60,67766,368],{"class":357},[60,67768,17952],{"class":74},[60,67770,373],{"class":357},[60,67772,1525],{"class":74},[20,67774,67775,67776,117],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[30,67777,55406,67778,1818],{"href":53230},[15,67779,53332],{},[337,67781,67783],{"id":67782},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67785,1656,67786,67788],{},[15,67787,54154],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[51,67790,67792],{"className":53,"code":67791,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67793,67794,67804,67818,67836,67850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67795,67796,67798,67800,67802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67797,140],{"class":139},[60,67799,124],{"class":74},[60,67801,8252],{"class":120},[60,67803,133],{"class":74},[60,67805,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67807,140],{"class":139},[60,67809,124],{"class":74},[60,67811,11064],{"class":139},[60,67813,124],{"class":74},[60,67815,8252],{"class":120},[60,67817,1691],{"class":74},[60,67819,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,67821,140],{"class":139},[60,67823,124],{"class":74},[60,67825,8252],{"class":120},[60,67827,117],{"class":74},[60,67829,53837],{"class":1723},[60,67831,117],{"class":74},[60,67833,34331],{"class":34338},[60,67835,133],{"class":74},[60,67837,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,67839,1713],{"class":139},[60,67841,124],{"class":74},[60,67843,8006],{"class":1683},[60,67845,117],{"class":74},[60,67847,53837],{"class":1723},[60,67849,133],{"class":74},[60,67851,67852,67854,67856,67858],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,67853,1684],{"class":1683},[60,67855,124],{"class":74},[60,67857,8252],{"class":120},[60,67859,133],{"class":74},[20,67861,67862],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[260,67864,67865,67868,67871,67874],{},[263,67866,67867],{},"What is currently in the list",[263,67869,67870],{},"How long the list is",[263,67872,67873],{},"That you are working with a real list",[263,67875,67876],{},"How Python describes the method",[46,67878,1220,67880],{"id":67879},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67881,54154],{},[20,67883,243,67884,67886],{},[15,67885,54154],{}," when position matters.",[20,67888,36309],{},[260,67890,67891,67894,67897,67900],{},[263,67892,67893],{},"Ordered menus",[263,67895,67896],{},"Rankings or score lists",[263,67898,67899],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[263,67901,67902],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67904,67905,67906,67908,67909,67911,67912,67914],{},"You usually do ",[41,67907,43],{}," need ",[15,67910,54154],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67913,52539],{}," is simpler.",[20,67916,67917,67918,117],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[30,67919,57040],{"href":57039},[46,67921,1746],{"id":1745},[337,67923,12599,67925,55355],{"id":67924},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67926,53797],{},[20,67928,67929,67930,117],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67931,277],{},[337,67933,67935],{"id":67934},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67937,67938],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[337,67940,5079,67942,67944],{"id":67941},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67943,53797],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67946,67947,67948,67950],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67949,53332],{}," or slicing.",[337,67952,1773,67954,1776,67956,1779],{"id":67953},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67955,54154],{},[15,67957,52539],{},[20,67959,67960,67962,67963,67965],{},[15,67961,54154],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67964,52539],{}," adds only at the end.",[46,67967,1808],{"id":1807},[260,67969,67970,67976,67982,67986,67990,67994],{},[263,67971,67972],{},[30,67973,55406,67974,1818],{"href":56654},[15,67975,52539],{},[263,67977,67978],{},[30,67979,55406,67980,1818],{"href":53230},[15,67981,53332],{},[263,67983,67984],{},[30,67985,54164],{"href":52934},[263,67987,67988],{},[30,67989,52658],{"href":50865},[263,67991,67992],{},[30,67993,57114],{"href":57039},[263,67995,67996],{},[30,67997,30232,67998,33518],{"href":54182},[15,67999,68000],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1841,68002,68003],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":68005},[68006,68008,68009,68010,68016,68023,68032,68034,68043],{"id":66191,"depth":111,"text":68007},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341},{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":66563,"depth":111,"text":66564,"children":68011},[68012,68013,68014,68015],{"id":66575,"depth":136,"text":66576},{"id":66666,"depth":136,"text":66667},{"id":66752,"depth":136,"text":66753},{"id":66838,"depth":136,"text":66839},{"id":66968,"depth":111,"text":68017,"children":68018},"insert() vs append()",[68019,68021],{"id":66978,"depth":136,"text":68020},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66991,"depth":136,"text":68022},"Use append() when:",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":68024},[68025,68027,68028,68030,68031],{"id":67192,"depth":136,"text":68026},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67362,"depth":136,"text":67363},{"id":67513,"depth":136,"text":68029},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67679,"depth":136,"text":67680},{"id":67782,"depth":136,"text":67783},{"id":67879,"depth":111,"text":68033},"When to use insert()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":68035},[68036,68038,68039,68041],{"id":67924,"depth":136,"text":68037},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67934,"depth":136,"text":67935},{"id":67941,"depth":136,"text":68040},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67953,"depth":136,"text":68042},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66101,"description":68044},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68051,"title":68052,"body":68053,"description":69608,"extension":1883,"meta":69609,"navigation":152,"path":58859,"seo":69610,"stem":69611,"__hash__":69612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68054,"toc":69581},[68055,68061,68070,68119,68121,68129,68135,68137,68155,68161,68166,68169,68172,68187,68189,68241,68243,68251,68259,68266,68268,68274,68339,68341,68349,68351,68370,68373,68424,68428,68433,68460,68462,68470,68473,68542,68544,68559,68565,68569,68578,68581,68636,68638,68646,68649,68651,68696,68698,68706,68712,68714,68722,68725,68727,68766,68768,68807,68812,68814,68816,68851,68854,68856,68894,68898,68904,68906,68957,68959,68967,68974,68977,68998,69001,69056,69067,69069,69130,69132,69141,69148,69154,69157,69160,69217,69220,69233,69240,69246,69252,69254,69267,69270,69367,69369,69386,69389,69471,69473,69495,69502,69508,69510,69514,69520,69526,69531,69535,69538,69544,69551,69553,69578],[10,68056,68058,68059,174],{"id":68057},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68060,11064],{},[20,68062,68063,68064,68066,68067,68069],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68065,42245],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68068,42245],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[51,68071,68073],{"className":53,"code":68072,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68074,68075,68095,68109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68076,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68078,350],{"class":66},[60,68080,71],{"class":70},[60,68082,1512],{"class":74},[60,68084,2250],{"class":357},[60,68086,88],{"class":74},[60,68088,7702],{"class":357},[60,68090,88],{"class":74},[60,68092,7707],{"class":357},[60,68094,1525],{"class":74},[60,68096,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68098,41126],{"class":66},[60,68100,71],{"class":70},[60,68102,38270],{"class":139},[60,68104,124],{"class":74},[60,68106,380],{"class":120},[60,68108,133],{"class":74},[60,68110,68111,68113,68115,68117],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,68112,140],{"class":139},[60,68114,124],{"class":74},[60,68116,41144],{"class":120},[60,68118,133],{"class":74},[20,68120,404],{},[51,68122,68123],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68124,68125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68126,68127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68128,46501],{"class":357},[20,68130,243,68131,68134],{},[15,68132,68133],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[46,68136,15054],{"id":15053},[260,68138,68139,68144,68149,68152],{},[263,68140,4110,68141,68143],{},[15,68142,42245],{}," works with Python lists",[263,68145,68146,68147,11600],{},"What value ",[15,68148,42245],{},[263,68150,68151],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[263,68153,68154],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[46,68156,250,68158,68160],{"id":68157},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68159,42245],{}," returns for a list",[20,68162,68163,64973],{},[15,68164,68165],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68167,68168],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68170,68171],{},"A few important points:",[260,68173,68174,68177,68182],{},[263,68175,68176],{},"It counts list items",[263,68178,40790,68179,68181],{},[41,68180,43],{}," count characters inside a string item",[263,68183,68184,68185],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68186,2039],{},[20,68188,2127],{},[51,68190,68192],{"className":53,"code":68191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68193,68194,68227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68195,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68197,3983],{"class":66},[60,68199,71],{"class":70},[60,68201,1512],{"class":74},[60,68203,79],{"class":78},[60,68205,36931],{"class":82},[60,68207,79],{"class":78},[60,68209,88],{"class":74},[60,68211,91],{"class":78},[60,68213,68214],{"class":82},"elephant",[60,68216,79],{"class":78},[60,68218,88],{"class":74},[60,68220,91],{"class":78},[60,68222,58013],{"class":82},[60,68224,79],{"class":78},[60,68226,1525],{"class":74},[60,68228,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68230,140],{"class":139},[60,68232,124],{"class":74},[60,68234,11064],{"class":139},[60,68236,124],{"class":74},[60,68238,4025],{"class":120},[60,68240,1691],{"class":74},[20,68242,404],{},[51,68244,68245],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68246,68247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68248,68249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68250,46501],{"class":357},[20,68252,20867,68253,68256,68257,64980],{},[15,68254,68255],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[41,68258,52543],{},[20,68260,68261,68262,117],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[30,68263,3491,68264,3424],{"href":42242},[15,68265,42245],{},[46,68267,5698],{"id":5697},[20,68269,68270,68271,68273],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68272,42245],{},", and print the result.",[51,68275,68277],{"className":53,"code":68276,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68278,68279,68311,68325,68329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68280,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68282,67],{"class":66},[60,68284,71],{"class":70},[60,68286,1512],{"class":74},[60,68288,79],{"class":78},[60,68290,83],{"class":82},[60,68292,79],{"class":78},[60,68294,88],{"class":74},[60,68296,91],{"class":78},[60,68298,103],{"class":82},[60,68300,79],{"class":78},[60,68302,88],{"class":74},[60,68304,91],{"class":78},[60,68306,94],{"class":82},[60,68308,79],{"class":78},[60,68310,1525],{"class":74},[60,68312,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68314,41126],{"class":66},[60,68316,71],{"class":70},[60,68318,38270],{"class":139},[60,68320,124],{"class":74},[60,68322,114],{"class":120},[60,68324,133],{"class":74},[60,68326,68327],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,68328,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,68330,68331,68333,68335,68337],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,68332,140],{"class":139},[60,68334,124],{"class":74},[60,68336,41144],{"class":120},[60,68338,133],{"class":74},[20,68340,404],{},[51,68342,68343],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68344,68345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68346,68347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68348,46501],{"class":357},[20,68350,11578],{},[260,68352,68353,68358,68365],{},[263,68354,68355,68357],{},[15,68356,114],{}," is a list with 3 items",[263,68359,68360,641,68363],{},[15,68361,68362],{},"len(colors)",[15,68364,389],{},[263,68366,68367,68368],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68369,41144],{},[20,68371,68372],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[51,68374,68376],{"className":53,"code":68375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68377,68378,68410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68379,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68381,67],{"class":66},[60,68383,71],{"class":70},[60,68385,1512],{"class":74},[60,68387,79],{"class":78},[60,68389,83],{"class":82},[60,68391,79],{"class":78},[60,68393,88],{"class":74},[60,68395,91],{"class":78},[60,68397,103],{"class":82},[60,68399,79],{"class":78},[60,68401,88],{"class":74},[60,68403,91],{"class":78},[60,68405,94],{"class":82},[60,68407,79],{"class":78},[60,68409,1525],{"class":74},[60,68411,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68413,140],{"class":139},[60,68415,124],{"class":74},[60,68417,11064],{"class":139},[60,68419,124],{"class":74},[60,68421,114],{"class":120},[60,68423,1691],{"class":74},[46,68425,68427],{"id":68426},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68429,68430,68431,117],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68432,2039],{},[51,68434,68436],{"className":53,"code":68435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68437,68438,68446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68439,68440,68442,68444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68441,486],{"class":66},[60,68443,71],{"class":70},[60,68445,7750],{"class":74},[60,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68449,140],{"class":139},[60,68451,124],{"class":74},[60,68453,11064],{"class":139},[60,68455,124],{"class":74},[60,68457,517],{"class":120},[60,68459,1691],{"class":74},[20,68461,404],{},[51,68463,68464],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68465,68466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68467,68468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68469,47136],{"class":357},[20,68471,68472],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[51,68474,68476],{"className":53,"code":68475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68477,68478,68486,68490,68508,68522,68528],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68479,68480,68482,68484],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68481,486],{"class":66},[60,68483,71],{"class":70},[60,68485,7750],{"class":74},[60,68487,68488],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68489,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,68491,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,68493,1154],{"class":1153},[60,68495,38270],{"class":139},[60,68497,124],{"class":74},[60,68499,517],{"class":120},[60,68501,174],{"class":74},[60,68503,38280],{"class":70},[60,68505,3747],{"class":357},[60,68507,1168],{"class":74},[60,68509,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,68511,7981],{"class":139},[60,68513,124],{"class":74},[60,68515,517],{"class":120},[60,68517,3812],{"class":74},[60,68519,2039],{"class":357},[60,68521,1646],{"class":74},[60,68523,68524,68526],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,68525,27319],{"class":1153},[60,68527,1168],{"class":74},[60,68529,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,68531,7981],{"class":139},[60,68533,124],{"class":74},[60,68535,79],{"class":78},[60,68537,51702],{"class":82},[60,68539,79],{"class":78},[60,68541,133],{"class":74},[20,68543,404],{},[51,68545,68547],{"className":53,"code":68546,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is empty\n",[15,68548,68549],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68550,68551,68553,68555,68557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68552,1900],{"class":66},[60,68554,8006],{"class":1683},[60,68556,8009],{"class":70},[60,68558,8015],{"class":66},[20,68560,68561,68562,68564],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[30,68563,52658],{"href":50865}," is a good next step.",[46,68566,68568],{"id":68567},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68570,68571,68573,68574,68577],{},[15,68572,42245],{}," counts only the ",[41,68575,68576],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68579,68580],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[51,68582,68584],{"className":53,"code":68583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68585,68586,68622],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68587,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68589,1613],{"class":66},[60,68591,71],{"class":70},[60,68593,56179],{"class":74},[60,68595,358],{"class":357},[60,68597,88],{"class":74},[60,68599,363],{"class":357},[60,68601,17952],{"class":74},[60,68603,1512],{"class":74},[60,68605,389],{"class":357},[60,68607,88],{"class":74},[60,68609,373],{"class":357},[60,68611,17952],{"class":74},[60,68613,1512],{"class":74},[60,68615,2056],{"class":357},[60,68617,88],{"class":74},[60,68619,37527],{"class":357},[60,68621,53128],{"class":74},[60,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68625,140],{"class":139},[60,68627,124],{"class":74},[60,68629,11064],{"class":139},[60,68631,124],{"class":74},[60,68633,1634],{"class":120},[60,68635,1691],{"class":74},[20,68637,404],{},[51,68639,68640],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68641,68642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68643,68644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68645,46501],{"class":357},[20,68647,68648],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68650,51966],{},[51,68652,68654],{"className":53,"code":68653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68655,68656,68682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68657,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68659,59359],{"class":66},[60,68661,71],{"class":70},[60,68663,1512],{"class":74},[60,68665,358],{"class":357},[60,68667,88],{"class":74},[60,68669,1512],{"class":74},[60,68671,1303],{"class":357},[60,68673,88],{"class":74},[60,68675,368],{"class":357},[60,68677,17952],{"class":74},[60,68679,373],{"class":357},[60,68681,1525],{"class":74},[60,68683,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68685,140],{"class":139},[60,68687,124],{"class":74},[60,68689,11064],{"class":139},[60,68691,124],{"class":74},[60,68693,59412],{"class":120},[60,68695,1691],{"class":74},[20,68697,404],{},[51,68699,68700],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68701,68702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68703,68704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68705,46501],{"class":357},[20,68707,20867,68708,68711],{},[15,68709,68710],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[46,68713,4430],{"id":4429},[337,68715,8331,68717,10994,68720],{"id":68716},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68718,68719],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68721,68165],{},[20,68723,68724],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68726,1498],{},[51,68728,68730],{"className":53,"code":68729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68731,68732,68752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68733,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68735,350],{"class":66},[60,68737,71],{"class":70},[60,68739,1512],{"class":74},[60,68741,2250],{"class":357},[60,68743,88],{"class":74},[60,68745,7702],{"class":357},[60,68747,88],{"class":74},[60,68749,7707],{"class":357},[60,68751,1525],{"class":74},[60,68753,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68755,140],{"class":139},[60,68757,124],{"class":74},[60,68759,380],{"class":120},[60,68761,117],{"class":74},[60,68763,11064],{"class":120},[60,68765,7105],{"class":74},[20,68767,16546],{},[51,68769,68771],{"className":53,"code":68770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68772,68773,68793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68774,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68776,350],{"class":66},[60,68778,71],{"class":70},[60,68780,1512],{"class":74},[60,68782,2250],{"class":357},[60,68784,88],{"class":74},[60,68786,7702],{"class":357},[60,68788,88],{"class":74},[60,68790,7707],{"class":357},[60,68792,1525],{"class":74},[60,68794,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68796,140],{"class":139},[60,68798,124],{"class":74},[60,68800,11064],{"class":139},[60,68802,124],{"class":74},[60,68804,380],{"class":120},[60,68806,1691],{"class":74},[20,68808,68809,68811],{},[15,68810,42245],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[337,68813,25573],{"id":25572},[20,68815,1498],{},[51,68817,68819],{"className":53,"code":68818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68820,68821,68841],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68822,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68824,350],{"class":66},[60,68826,71],{"class":70},[60,68828,1512],{"class":74},[60,68830,2250],{"class":357},[60,68832,88],{"class":74},[60,68834,7702],{"class":357},[60,68836,88],{"class":74},[60,68838,7707],{"class":357},[60,68840,1525],{"class":74},[60,68842,68843,68845,68847,68849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68844,140],{"class":139},[60,68846,124],{"class":74},[60,68848,11064],{"class":139},[60,68850,133],{"class":74},[20,68852,68853],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68855,16546],{},[51,68857,68858],{"className":53,"code":68770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68859,68860,68880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68861,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68863,350],{"class":66},[60,68865,71],{"class":70},[60,68867,1512],{"class":74},[60,68869,2250],{"class":357},[60,68871,88],{"class":74},[60,68873,7702],{"class":357},[60,68875,88],{"class":74},[60,68877,7707],{"class":357},[60,68879,1525],{"class":74},[60,68881,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68883,140],{"class":139},[60,68885,124],{"class":74},[60,68887,11064],{"class":139},[60,68889,124],{"class":74},[60,68891,380],{"class":120},[60,68893,1691],{"class":74},[337,68895,68897],{"id":68896},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68899,68900,68901,68903],{},"The length of a list is ",[41,68902,43],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68905,2127],{},[51,68907,68909],{"className":53,"code":68908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68910,68911,68943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68912,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68914,1411],{"class":66},[60,68916,71],{"class":70},[60,68918,1512],{"class":74},[60,68920,79],{"class":78},[60,68922,30],{"class":82},[60,68924,79],{"class":78},[60,68926,88],{"class":74},[60,68928,91],{"class":78},[60,68930,1428],{"class":82},[60,68932,79],{"class":78},[60,68934,88],{"class":74},[60,68936,91],{"class":78},[60,68938,1437],{"class":82},[60,68940,79],{"class":78},[60,68942,1525],{"class":74},[60,68944,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68946,140],{"class":139},[60,68948,124],{"class":74},[60,68950,11064],{"class":139},[60,68952,124],{"class":74},[60,68954,1446],{"class":120},[60,68956,1691],{"class":74},[20,68958,404],{},[51,68960,68961],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68962,68963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68964,68965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68966,46501],{"class":357},[20,68968,68969,68970,18853,68972,117],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68971,1303],{},[15,68973,389],{},[20,68975,68976],{},"Indexes are:",[260,68978,68979,68986,68992],{},[263,68980,68981,68983,68984],{},[15,68982,2039],{}," for ",[15,68985,17986],{},[263,68987,68988,68983,68990],{},[15,68989,358],{},[15,68991,65483],{},[263,68993,68994,68983,68996],{},[15,68995,1303],{},[15,68997,66369],{},[20,68999,69000],{},"So this causes an error:",[51,69002,69004],{"className":53,"code":69003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69005,69006,69038],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69007,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69009,1411],{"class":66},[60,69011,71],{"class":70},[60,69013,1512],{"class":74},[60,69015,79],{"class":78},[60,69017,30],{"class":82},[60,69019,79],{"class":78},[60,69021,88],{"class":74},[60,69023,91],{"class":78},[60,69025,1428],{"class":82},[60,69027,79],{"class":78},[60,69029,88],{"class":74},[60,69031,91],{"class":78},[60,69033,1437],{"class":82},[60,69035,79],{"class":78},[60,69037,1525],{"class":74},[60,69039,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69041,140],{"class":139},[60,69043,124],{"class":74},[60,69045,1446],{"class":120},[60,69047,3812],{"class":74},[60,69049,11064],{"class":139},[60,69051,124],{"class":74},[60,69053,1446],{"class":120},[60,69055,10583],{"class":74},[20,69057,8408,69058,4694,69061,69063,69064,69066],{},[15,69059,69060],{},"len(letters)",[15,69062,389],{},", and index ",[15,69065,389],{}," does not exist.",[20,69068,1334],{},[51,69070,69072],{"className":53,"code":69071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69073,69074,69106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69075,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69077,1411],{"class":66},[60,69079,71],{"class":70},[60,69081,1512],{"class":74},[60,69083,79],{"class":78},[60,69085,30],{"class":82},[60,69087,79],{"class":78},[60,69089,88],{"class":74},[60,69091,91],{"class":78},[60,69093,1428],{"class":82},[60,69095,79],{"class":78},[60,69097,88],{"class":74},[60,69099,91],{"class":78},[60,69101,1437],{"class":82},[60,69103,79],{"class":78},[60,69105,1525],{"class":74},[60,69107,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69109,140],{"class":139},[60,69111,124],{"class":74},[60,69113,1446],{"class":120},[60,69115,3812],{"class":74},[60,69117,11064],{"class":139},[60,69119,124],{"class":74},[60,69121,1446],{"class":120},[60,69123,174],{"class":74},[60,69125,2142],{"class":70},[60,69127,5408],{"class":357},[60,69129,1646],{"class":74},[20,69131,404],{},[51,69133,69135],{"className":53,"code":69134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"c\n",[15,69136,69137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69138,69139],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69140,69134],{"class":66},[20,69142,69143,69144,117],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[30,69145,69147],{"href":69146},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[337,69149,8331,69151,69153],{"id":69150},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69152,42245],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69155,69156],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69158,69159],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[51,69161,69163],{"className":53,"code":69162,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69164,69165,69175,69189,69203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69166,69167,69169,69171,69173],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69168,140],{"class":139},[60,69170,124],{"class":74},[60,69172,8252],{"class":120},[60,69174,133],{"class":74},[60,69176,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69178,140],{"class":139},[60,69180,124],{"class":74},[60,69182,11064],{"class":139},[60,69184,124],{"class":74},[60,69186,8252],{"class":120},[60,69188,1691],{"class":74},[60,69190,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69192,140],{"class":139},[60,69194,124],{"class":74},[60,69196,1684],{"class":1683},[60,69198,124],{"class":74},[60,69200,8252],{"class":120},[60,69202,1691],{"class":74},[60,69204,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69206,140],{"class":139},[60,69208,124],{"class":74},[60,69210,8252],{"class":120},[60,69212,3812],{"class":74},[60,69214,2039],{"class":357},[60,69216,1646],{"class":74},[20,69218,69219],{},"These help you verify:",[260,69221,69222,69225,69227,69230],{},[263,69223,69224],{},"what the variable contains",[263,69226,60671],{},[263,69228,69229],{},"whether it is really a list",[263,69231,69232],{},"what the first item is",[20,69234,69235,69236,69239],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69237,69238],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[46,69241,1220,69243,69245],{"id":69242},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69244,42245],{}," with lists",[20,69247,69248,69249,69251],{},"You will often use ",[15,69250,42245],{}," in real programs.",[20,69253,9280],{},[260,69255,69256,69258,69261,69264],{},[263,69257,51656],{},[263,69259,69260],{},"Control loops",[263,69262,69263],{},"Validate input or results",[263,69265,69266],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69268,69269],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[51,69271,69273],{"className":53,"code":69272,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69274,69275,69295,69311,69315,69329,69343],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69276,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69278,2471],{"class":66},[60,69280,71],{"class":70},[60,69282,1512],{"class":74},[60,69284,358],{"class":357},[60,69286,88],{"class":74},[60,69288,363],{"class":357},[60,69290,88],{"class":74},[60,69292,368],{"class":357},[60,69294,1525],{"class":74},[60,69296,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69298,2499],{"class":66},[60,69300,71],{"class":70},[60,69302,1512],{"class":74},[60,69304,2250],{"class":357},[60,69306,88],{"class":74},[60,69308,7702],{"class":357},[60,69310,1525],{"class":74},[60,69312,69313],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69314,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69316,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69318,140],{"class":139},[60,69320,124],{"class":74},[60,69322,11064],{"class":139},[60,69324,124],{"class":74},[60,69326,30],{"class":120},[60,69328,1691],{"class":74},[60,69330,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,69332,140],{"class":139},[60,69334,124],{"class":74},[60,69336,11064],{"class":139},[60,69338,124],{"class":74},[60,69340,1428],{"class":120},[60,69342,1691],{"class":74},[60,69344,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,69346,140],{"class":139},[60,69348,124],{"class":74},[60,69350,11064],{"class":139},[60,69352,124],{"class":74},[60,69354,30],{"class":120},[60,69356,174],{"class":74},[60,69358,38280],{"class":70},[60,69360,38270],{"class":139},[60,69362,124],{"class":74},[60,69364,1428],{"class":120},[60,69366,1691],{"class":74},[20,69368,404],{},[51,69370,69372],{"className":53,"code":69371,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69373,69374,69378,69382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69375,69376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69377,46501],{"class":357},[60,69379,69380],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69381,16947],{"class":357},[60,69383,69384],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69385,3892],{"class":734},[20,69387,69388],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[51,69390,69392],{"className":53,"code":69391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69393,69394,69426,69430,69452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69395,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69397,4905],{"class":66},[60,69399,71],{"class":70},[60,69401,1512],{"class":74},[60,69403,79],{"class":78},[60,69405,12774],{"class":82},[60,69407,79],{"class":78},[60,69409,88],{"class":74},[60,69411,91],{"class":78},[60,69413,35827],{"class":82},[60,69415,79],{"class":78},[60,69417,88],{"class":74},[60,69419,91],{"class":78},[60,69421,35836],{"class":82},[60,69423,79],{"class":78},[60,69425,1525],{"class":74},[60,69427,69428],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69429,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69431,69432,69434,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69433,5869],{"class":1153},[60,69435,69436],{"class":66}," i ",[60,69438,1703],{"class":1153},[60,69440,53956],{"class":139},[60,69442,124],{"class":74},[60,69444,11064],{"class":139},[60,69446,124],{"class":74},[60,69448,4949],{"class":120},[60,69450,69451],{"class":74},")):\n",[60,69453,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69465,69467,69469],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69455,7981],{"class":139},[60,69457,124],{"class":74},[60,69459,36039],{"class":120},[60,69461,88],{"class":74},[60,69463,69464],{"class":120}," names",[60,69466,3812],{"class":74},[60,69468,36039],{"class":120},[60,69470,1646],{"class":74},[20,69472,404],{},[51,69474,69475],{"className":53,"code":35885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69476,69477,69483,69489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69478,69479,69481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69480,2039],{"class":357},[60,69482,35894],{"class":66},[60,69484,69485,69487],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69486,358],{"class":357},[60,69488,35901],{"class":66},[60,69490,69491,69493],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69492,1303],{"class":357},[60,69494,35908],{"class":66},[20,69496,69497,69498,117],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[30,69499,69501],{"href":69500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69503,69504,69505,69507],{},"You can also read ",[30,69506,51433],{"href":51432}," for a task-focused guide.",[46,69509,1746],{"id":1745},[337,69511,69513],{"id":69512},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69515,243,69516,69519],{},[15,69517,69518],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[337,69521,1760,69523,1763],{"id":69522},"what-does-len-return",[15,69524,69525],{},"len([])",[20,69527,1766,69528,69530],{},[15,69529,2039],{}," because the list is empty.",[337,69532,69534],{"id":69533},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69536,69537],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[337,69539,1795,69541,69543],{"id":69540},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69542,68719],{}," in Python?",[20,69545,30155,69546,8135,69548,69550],{},[15,69547,68165],{},[15,69549,42245],{}," is a built-in function.",[46,69552,1808],{"id":1807},[260,69554,69555,69561,69565,69569,69573],{},[263,69556,69557],{},[30,69558,3491,69559,3424],{"href":42242},[15,69560,42245],{},[263,69562,69563],{},[30,69564,52477],{"href":51432},[263,69566,69567],{},[30,69568,52658],{"href":50865},[263,69570,69571],{},[30,69572,69147],{"href":69146},[263,69574,69575],{},[30,69576,69577],{"href":69500},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1841,69579,69580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":69582},[69583,69584,69586,69587,69588,69589,69597,69599,69607],{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":68157,"depth":111,"text":69585},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":68426,"depth":111,"text":68427},{"id":68567,"depth":111,"text":68568},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":69590},[69591,69593,69594,69595],{"id":68716,"depth":136,"text":69592},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25572,"depth":136,"text":25573},{"id":68896,"depth":136,"text":68897},{"id":69150,"depth":136,"text":69596},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69242,"depth":111,"text":69598},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":69600},[69601,69602,69604,69605],{"id":69512,"depth":136,"text":69513},{"id":69522,"depth":136,"text":69603},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69533,"depth":136,"text":69534},{"id":69540,"depth":136,"text":69606},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68052,"description":69608},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69614,"title":69615,"body":69616,"description":71598,"extension":1883,"meta":71599,"navigation":152,"path":71600,"seo":71601,"stem":71602,"__hash__":71603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69617,"toc":71571},[69618,69621,69626,69629,69637,69650,69652,69717,69719,69741,69746,69750,69755,69763,69765,69775,69777,69858,69860,69890,69892,69911,69916,69933,69935,70019,70021,70051,70056,70060,70066,70150,70152,70182,70185,70189,70192,70283,70285,70323,70326,70411,70413,70443,70449,70456,70460,70465,70474,70476,70561,70563,70592,70595,70603,70607,70611,70620,70643,70645,70667,70669,70683,70685,70745,70749,70754,70793,70795,70812,70814,70824,70923,70928,70932,70937,70980,70982,71010,71012,71026,71101,71103,71125,71129,71132,71137,71148,71153,71161,71164,71235,71237,71262,71319,71321,71342,71351,71359,71364,71366,71371,71392,71395,71470,71473,71487,71494,71496,71500,71506,71510,71520,71524,71531,71535,71541,71543,71568],[10,69619,69615],{"id":69620},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69622,69623,69625],{},[15,69624,54968],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69627,69628],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[260,69630,69631,69634],{},[263,69632,69633],{},"delete an item from a list",[263,69635,69636],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69638,69639,69640,69642,69643,1394,69645,69649],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69641,462],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69644,462],{},[30,69646,69647],{"href":54958},[15,69648,447],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[46,69651,49],{"id":48},[51,69653,69655],{"className":53,"code":69654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69656,69657,69677,69692,69696,69707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69658,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69660,350],{"class":66},[60,69662,71],{"class":70},[60,69664,1512],{"class":74},[60,69666,2250],{"class":357},[60,69668,88],{"class":74},[60,69670,7702],{"class":357},[60,69672,88],{"class":74},[60,69674,7707],{"class":357},[60,69676,1525],{"class":74},[60,69678,69679,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69680,69681],{"class":66},"last_item ",[60,69683,71],{"class":70},[60,69685,1294],{"class":66},[60,69687,117],{"class":74},[60,69689,26127],{"class":120},[60,69691,8555],{"class":74},[60,69693,69694],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69695,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69697,69698,69700,69702,69705],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69699,140],{"class":139},[60,69701,124],{"class":74},[60,69703,69704],{"class":120},"last_item",[60,69706,133],{"class":74},[60,69708,69709,69711,69713,69715],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,69710,140],{"class":139},[60,69712,124],{"class":74},[60,69714,380],{"class":120},[60,69716,133],{"class":74},[20,69718,404],{},[51,69720,69722],{"className":53,"code":69721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69723,69724,69729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69725,69726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69727,69728],{"class":357},"30\n",[60,69730,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69732,3812],{"class":74},[60,69734,2250],{"class":357},[60,69736,88],{"class":74},[60,69738,7702],{"class":357},[60,69740,1525],{"class":74},[20,69742,243,69743,69745],{},[15,69744,462],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[46,69747,69749],{"id":69748},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69751,69752,69754],{},[15,69753,462],{}," has two main jobs:",[260,69756,69757,69760],{},[263,69758,69759],{},"It removes one item from a list",[263,69761,69762],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69764,43535],{},[260,69766,69767,69770,69773],{},[263,69768,69769],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[263,69771,69772],{},"It changes the original list",[263,69774,52632],{},[20,69776,2127],{},[51,69778,69780],{"className":53,"code":69779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69781,69782,69814,69818,69833,69837,69848],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69783,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69785,67],{"class":66},[60,69787,71],{"class":70},[60,69789,1512],{"class":74},[60,69791,79],{"class":78},[60,69793,83],{"class":82},[60,69795,79],{"class":78},[60,69797,88],{"class":74},[60,69799,91],{"class":78},[60,69801,103],{"class":82},[60,69803,79],{"class":78},[60,69805,88],{"class":74},[60,69807,91],{"class":78},[60,69809,94],{"class":82},[60,69811,79],{"class":78},[60,69813,1525],{"class":74},[60,69815,69816],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69817,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69819,69820,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69821,69822],{"class":66},"removed ",[60,69824,71],{"class":70},[60,69826,693],{"class":66},[60,69828,117],{"class":74},[60,69830,26127],{"class":120},[60,69832,8555],{"class":74},[60,69834,69835],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69836,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69838,69839,69841,69843,69846],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,69840,140],{"class":139},[60,69842,124],{"class":74},[60,69844,69845],{"class":120},"removed",[60,69847,133],{"class":74},[60,69849,69850,69852,69854,69856],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,69851,140],{"class":139},[60,69853,124],{"class":74},[60,69855,114],{"class":120},[60,69857,133],{"class":74},[20,69859,404],{},[51,69861,69863],{"className":53,"code":69862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69864,69865,69870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69866,69867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69868,69869],{"class":66},"blue\n",[60,69871,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69873,3812],{"class":74},[60,69875,205],{"class":78},[60,69877,83],{"class":82},[60,69879,205],{"class":78},[60,69881,88],{"class":74},[60,69883,214],{"class":78},[60,69885,103],{"class":82},[60,69887,205],{"class":78},[60,69889,1525],{"class":74},[46,69891,296],{"id":295},[51,69893,69895],{"className":53,"code":69894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69896,69897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69898,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69900,8006],{"class":1683},[60,69902,117],{"class":74},[60,69904,26127],{"class":120},[60,69906,1641],{"class":74},[60,69908,35732],{"class":120},[60,69910,1646],{"class":74},[20,69912,1900,69913,69915],{},[15,69914,35732],{}," is optional.",[260,69917,69918,69924,69930],{},[263,69919,69920,69921,69923],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69922,462],{}," removes the last item",[263,69925,69926,69927,69929],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69928,462],{}," removes the item at that position",[263,69931,69932],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69934,2127],{},[51,69936,69938],{"className":53,"code":69937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69939,69940,69972,69976,69995,69999,70009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69941,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69943,1411],{"class":66},[60,69945,71],{"class":70},[60,69947,1512],{"class":74},[60,69949,79],{"class":78},[60,69951,30],{"class":82},[60,69953,79],{"class":78},[60,69955,88],{"class":74},[60,69957,91],{"class":78},[60,69959,1428],{"class":82},[60,69961,79],{"class":78},[60,69963,88],{"class":74},[60,69965,91],{"class":78},[60,69967,1437],{"class":82},[60,69969,79],{"class":78},[60,69971,1525],{"class":74},[60,69973,69974],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69975,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,69977,69978,69980,69982,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,69979,28423],{"class":66},[60,69981,71],{"class":70},[60,69983,69984],{"class":66}," letters",[60,69986,117],{"class":74},[60,69988,26127],{"class":120},[60,69990,124],{"class":74},[60,69992,358],{"class":357},[60,69994,133],{"class":74},[60,69996,69997],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,69998,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70000,70001,70003,70005,70007],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70002,140],{"class":139},[60,70004,124],{"class":74},[60,70006,23197],{"class":120},[60,70008,133],{"class":74},[60,70010,70011,70013,70015,70017],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70012,140],{"class":139},[60,70014,124],{"class":74},[60,70016,1446],{"class":120},[60,70018,133],{"class":74},[20,70020,404],{},[51,70022,70024],{"className":53,"code":70023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70025,70026,70031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70027,70028],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70029,70030],{"class":66},"b\n",[60,70032,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70034,3812],{"class":74},[60,70036,205],{"class":78},[60,70038,30],{"class":82},[60,70040,205],{"class":78},[60,70042,88],{"class":74},[60,70044,214],{"class":78},[60,70046,1437],{"class":82},[60,70048,205],{"class":78},[60,70050,1525],{"class":74},[20,70052,70053,70054,117],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[30,70055,52658],{"href":50865},[46,70057,70059],{"id":70058},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70061,70062,70063,70065],{},"When you call ",[15,70064,462],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[51,70067,70069],{"className":53,"code":70068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70070,70071,70106,70110,70125,70129,70140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70072,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70084,70086,70088,70090,70093,70095,70097,70099,70102,70104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70074,29783],{"class":66},[60,70076,71],{"class":70},[60,70078,1512],{"class":74},[60,70080,79],{"class":78},[60,70082,70083],{"class":82},"write",[60,70085,79],{"class":78},[60,70087,88],{"class":74},[60,70089,91],{"class":78},[60,70091,70092],{"class":82},"test",[60,70094,79],{"class":78},[60,70096,88],{"class":74},[60,70098,91],{"class":78},[60,70100,70101],{"class":82},"submit",[60,70103,79],{"class":78},[60,70105,1525],{"class":74},[60,70107,70108],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70109,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70111,70112,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70113,70114],{"class":66},"last_task ",[60,70116,71],{"class":70},[60,70118,29861],{"class":66},[60,70120,117],{"class":74},[60,70122,26127],{"class":120},[60,70124,8555],{"class":74},[60,70126,70127],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70128,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70130,70131,70133,70135,70138],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70132,140],{"class":139},[60,70134,124],{"class":74},[60,70136,70137],{"class":120},"last_task",[60,70139,133],{"class":74},[60,70141,70142,70144,70146,70148],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70143,140],{"class":139},[60,70145,124],{"class":74},[60,70147,36389],{"class":120},[60,70149,133],{"class":74},[20,70151,404],{},[51,70153,70155],{"className":53,"code":70154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70156,70157,70162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70158,70159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70160,70161],{"class":66},"submit\n",[60,70163,70164,70166,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70165,3812],{"class":74},[60,70167,205],{"class":78},[60,70169,70083],{"class":82},[60,70171,205],{"class":78},[60,70173,88],{"class":74},[60,70175,214],{"class":78},[60,70177,70092],{"class":82},[60,70179,205],{"class":78},[60,70181,1525],{"class":74},[20,70183,70184],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[46,70186,70188],{"id":70187},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70190,70191],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[51,70193,70195],{"className":53,"code":70194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70196,70197,70237,70241,70259,70263,70273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70198,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70200,852],{"class":66},[60,70202,71],{"class":70},[60,70204,1512],{"class":74},[60,70206,79],{"class":78},[60,70208,495],{"class":82},[60,70210,79],{"class":78},[60,70212,88],{"class":74},[60,70214,91],{"class":78},[60,70216,504],{"class":82},[60,70218,79],{"class":78},[60,70220,88],{"class":74},[60,70222,91],{"class":78},[60,70224,4008],{"class":82},[60,70226,79],{"class":78},[60,70228,88],{"class":74},[60,70230,91],{"class":78},[60,70232,528],{"class":82},[60,70234,79],{"class":78},[60,70236,1525],{"class":74},[60,70238,70239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70240,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70242,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70244,69822],{"class":66},[60,70246,71],{"class":70},[60,70248,902],{"class":66},[60,70250,117],{"class":74},[60,70252,26127],{"class":120},[60,70254,124],{"class":74},[60,70256,358],{"class":357},[60,70258,133],{"class":74},[60,70260,70261],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70262,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70264,70265,70267,70269,70271],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70266,140],{"class":139},[60,70268,124],{"class":74},[60,70270,69845],{"class":120},[60,70272,133],{"class":74},[60,70274,70275,70277,70279,70281],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70276,140],{"class":139},[60,70278,124],{"class":74},[60,70280,913],{"class":120},[60,70282,133],{"class":74},[20,70284,404],{},[51,70286,70288],{"className":53,"code":70287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70289,70290,70295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70291,70292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70293,70294],{"class":66},"banana\n",[60,70296,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70298,3812],{"class":74},[60,70300,205],{"class":78},[60,70302,495],{"class":82},[60,70304,205],{"class":78},[60,70306,88],{"class":74},[60,70308,214],{"class":78},[60,70310,4008],{"class":82},[60,70312,205],{"class":78},[60,70314,88],{"class":74},[60,70316,214],{"class":78},[60,70318,528],{"class":82},[60,70320,205],{"class":78},[60,70322,1525],{"class":74},[20,70324,70325],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[51,70327,70329],{"className":53,"code":70328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70330,70331,70363,70367,70387,70391,70401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70332,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70334,852],{"class":66},[60,70336,71],{"class":70},[60,70338,1512],{"class":74},[60,70340,79],{"class":78},[60,70342,495],{"class":82},[60,70344,79],{"class":78},[60,70346,88],{"class":74},[60,70348,91],{"class":78},[60,70350,504],{"class":82},[60,70352,79],{"class":78},[60,70354,88],{"class":74},[60,70356,91],{"class":78},[60,70358,4008],{"class":82},[60,70360,79],{"class":78},[60,70362,1525],{"class":74},[60,70364,70365],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70366,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70368,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70370,69822],{"class":66},[60,70372,71],{"class":70},[60,70374,902],{"class":66},[60,70376,117],{"class":74},[60,70378,26127],{"class":120},[60,70380,124],{"class":74},[60,70382,1942],{"class":70},[60,70384,358],{"class":357},[60,70386,133],{"class":74},[60,70388,70389],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70390,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70392,70393,70395,70397,70399],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70394,140],{"class":139},[60,70396,124],{"class":74},[60,70398,69845],{"class":120},[60,70400,133],{"class":74},[60,70402,70403,70405,70407,70409],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70404,140],{"class":139},[60,70406,124],{"class":74},[60,70408,913],{"class":120},[60,70410,133],{"class":74},[20,70412,404],{},[51,70414,70416],{"className":53,"code":70415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70417,70418,70423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70419,70420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70421,70422],{"class":66},"cherry\n",[60,70424,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70426,3812],{"class":74},[60,70428,205],{"class":78},[60,70430,495],{"class":82},[60,70432,205],{"class":78},[60,70434,88],{"class":74},[60,70436,214],{"class":78},[60,70438,504],{"class":82},[60,70440,205],{"class":78},[60,70442,1525],{"class":74},[20,70444,70445,70446,70448],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70447,65742],{}," means the last item.",[20,70450,70451,70452,117],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[30,70453,70454,1818],{"href":58851},[15,70455,64753],{},[46,70457,70459],{"id":70458},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70461,70462,70464],{},[15,70463,462],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70466,70467,70468,1776,70470,117],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70469,462],{},[30,70471,70472],{"href":54958},[15,70473,447],{},[20,70475,2127],{},[51,70477,70479],{"className":53,"code":70478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70480,70481,70513,70517,70536,70540,70551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70484,4905],{"class":66},[60,70486,71],{"class":70},[60,70488,1512],{"class":74},[60,70490,79],{"class":78},[60,70492,12774],{"class":82},[60,70494,79],{"class":78},[60,70496,88],{"class":74},[60,70498,91],{"class":78},[60,70500,35827],{"class":82},[60,70502,79],{"class":78},[60,70504,88],{"class":74},[60,70506,91],{"class":78},[60,70508,35836],{"class":82},[60,70510,79],{"class":78},[60,70512,1525],{"class":74},[60,70514,70515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70516,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70518,70519,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70520,70521],{"class":66},"removed_name ",[60,70523,71],{"class":70},[60,70525,69464],{"class":66},[60,70527,117],{"class":74},[60,70529,26127],{"class":120},[60,70531,124],{"class":74},[60,70533,2039],{"class":357},[60,70535,133],{"class":74},[60,70537,70538],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70539,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70541,70542,70544,70546,70549],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70543,140],{"class":139},[60,70545,124],{"class":74},[60,70547,70548],{"class":120},"removed_name",[60,70550,133],{"class":74},[60,70552,70553,70555,70557,70559],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70554,140],{"class":139},[60,70556,124],{"class":74},[60,70558,4949],{"class":120},[60,70560,133],{"class":74},[20,70562,404],{},[51,70564,70566],{"className":53,"code":70565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70567,70568,70572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70569,70570],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70571,49925],{"class":66},[60,70573,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70575,3812],{"class":74},[60,70577,205],{"class":78},[60,70579,35827],{"class":82},[60,70581,205],{"class":78},[60,70583,88],{"class":74},[60,70585,214],{"class":78},[60,70587,35836],{"class":82},[60,70589,205],{"class":78},[60,70591,1525],{"class":74},[20,70593,70594],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70596,70597,70598,70600,70601,117],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70599,447],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70602,277],{},[46,70604,70606],{"id":70605},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[337,70608,70610],{"id":70609},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70612,70613,70614,70616,70617,117],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70615,462],{}," raises an ",[15,70618,70619],{},"IndexError",[51,70621,70623],{"className":53,"code":70622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70624,70625,70633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70626,70627,70629,70631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70628,486],{"class":66},[60,70630,71],{"class":70},[60,70632,7750],{"class":74},[60,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70636,517],{"class":66},[60,70638,117],{"class":74},[60,70640,26127],{"class":120},[60,70642,8555],{"class":74},[20,70644,404],{},[51,70646,70648],{"className":53,"code":70647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70649,70650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70651,70652,70654,70656,70659,70662,70665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70653,70619],{"class":1683},[60,70655,258],{"class":74},[60,70657,70658],{"class":66}," pop ",[60,70660,70661],{"class":1153},"from",[60,70663,70664],{"class":66}," empty ",[60,70666,49771],{"class":1683},[20,70668,39146],{},[260,70670,70671,70676],{},[263,70672,70673,70674],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70675,462],{},[263,70677,70678,70679,1776,70681],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70680,29689],{},[15,70682,29720],{},[20,70684,2127],{},[51,70686,70688],{"className":53,"code":70687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70689,70690,70698,70702,70710,70724,70730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70691,70692,70694,70696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70693,486],{"class":66},[60,70695,71],{"class":70},[60,70697,7750],{"class":74},[60,70699,70700],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70701,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70703,70704,70706,70708],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70705,1154],{"class":1153},[60,70707,5877],{"class":66},[60,70709,1168],{"class":74},[60,70711,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70713,7981],{"class":139},[60,70715,124],{"class":74},[60,70717,517],{"class":120},[60,70719,117],{"class":74},[60,70721,26127],{"class":120},[60,70723,7105],{"class":74},[60,70725,70726,70728],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70727,27319],{"class":1153},[60,70729,1168],{"class":74},[60,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738,70741,70743],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70733,7981],{"class":139},[60,70735,124],{"class":74},[60,70737,79],{"class":78},[60,70739,70740],{"class":82},"The list is empty.",[60,70742,79],{"class":78},[60,70744,133],{"class":74},[337,70746,70748],{"id":70747},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70750,70751,70752,117],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70753,70619],{},[51,70755,70757],{"className":53,"code":70756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70758,70759,70779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70760,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70762,350],{"class":66},[60,70764,71],{"class":70},[60,70766,1512],{"class":74},[60,70768,2250],{"class":357},[60,70770,88],{"class":74},[60,70772,7702],{"class":357},[60,70774,88],{"class":74},[60,70776,7707],{"class":357},[60,70778,1525],{"class":74},[60,70780,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70782,380],{"class":66},[60,70784,117],{"class":74},[60,70786,26127],{"class":120},[60,70788,124],{"class":74},[60,70790,2056],{"class":357},[60,70792,133],{"class":74},[20,70794,404],{},[51,70796,70798],{"className":53,"code":70797,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70799,70800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70801,70802,70804,70806,70809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70803,70619],{"class":1683},[60,70805,258],{"class":74},[60,70807,70808],{"class":66}," pop index out of ",[60,70810,70811],{"class":139},"range\n",[20,70813,39146],{},[260,70815,70816,70821],{},[263,70817,70818,70819],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70820,42245],{},[263,70822,70823],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[51,70825,70827],{"className":53,"code":70826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70828,70829,70849,70858,70862,70884,70902,70908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70830,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70832,350],{"class":66},[60,70834,71],{"class":70},[60,70836,1512],{"class":74},[60,70838,2250],{"class":357},[60,70840,88],{"class":74},[60,70842,7702],{"class":357},[60,70844,88],{"class":74},[60,70846,7707],{"class":357},[60,70848,1525],{"class":74},[60,70850,70851,70854,70856],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70852,70853],{"class":66},"index ",[60,70855,71],{"class":70},[60,70857,45475],{"class":357},[60,70859,70860],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,70861,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,70863,70864,70866,70868,70871,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,70865,1154],{"class":1153},[60,70867,3747],{"class":357},[60,70869,70870],{"class":70}," \u003C=",[60,70872,70873],{"class":66}," index ",[60,70875,3205],{"class":70},[60,70877,38270],{"class":139},[60,70879,124],{"class":74},[60,70881,380],{"class":120},[60,70883,8255],{"class":74},[60,70885,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,70887,7981],{"class":139},[60,70889,124],{"class":74},[60,70891,380],{"class":120},[60,70893,117],{"class":74},[60,70895,26127],{"class":120},[60,70897,124],{"class":74},[60,70899,35732],{"class":120},[60,70901,1691],{"class":74},[60,70903,70904,70906],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,70905,27319],{"class":1153},[60,70907,1168],{"class":74},[60,70909,70910,70912,70914,70916,70919,70921],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,70911,7981],{"class":139},[60,70913,124],{"class":74},[60,70915,79],{"class":78},[60,70917,70918],{"class":82},"Index is out of range.",[60,70920,79],{"class":78},[60,70922,133],{"class":74},[20,70924,70925,70926,117],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,70927,69147],{"href":69146},[337,70929,70931],{"id":70930},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70933,70934,70936],{},[15,70935,462],{}," expects an integer index.",[51,70938,70940],{"className":53,"code":70939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70941,70942,70962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70943,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70945,350],{"class":66},[60,70947,71],{"class":70},[60,70949,1512],{"class":74},[60,70951,2250],{"class":357},[60,70953,88],{"class":74},[60,70955,7702],{"class":357},[60,70957,88],{"class":74},[60,70959,7707],{"class":357},[60,70961,1525],{"class":74},[60,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70965,380],{"class":66},[60,70967,117],{"class":74},[60,70969,26127],{"class":120},[60,70971,124],{"class":74},[60,70973,79],{"class":78},[60,70975,358],{"class":82},[60,70977,79],{"class":78},[60,70979,133],{"class":74},[20,70981,404],{},[51,70983,70985],{"className":53,"code":70984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70986,70987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70988,70989,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001,71004,71007],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70990,2919],{"class":1683},[60,70992,258],{"class":74},[60,70994,214],{"class":78},[60,70996,3358],{"class":82},[60,70998,205],{"class":78},[60,71000,24504],{"class":1683},[60,71002,71003],{"class":66}," cannot be interpreted ",[60,71005,71006],{"class":1153},"as",[60,71008,71009],{"class":66}," an integer\n",[20,71011,39146],{},[260,71013,71014,71023],{},[263,71015,71016,71017,36,71019,2112,71021],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71018,2039],{},[15,71020,358],{},[15,71022,65742],{},[263,71024,71025],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[51,71027,71029],{"className":53,"code":71028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71030,71031,71051,71069,71073,71091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71032,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71034,350],{"class":66},[60,71036,71],{"class":70},[60,71038,1512],{"class":74},[60,71040,2250],{"class":357},[60,71042,88],{"class":74},[60,71044,7702],{"class":357},[60,71046,88],{"class":74},[60,71048,7707],{"class":357},[60,71050,1525],{"class":74},[60,71052,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71054,70853],{"class":66},[60,71056,71],{"class":70},[60,71058,45162],{"class":1683},[60,71060,124],{"class":74},[60,71062,79],{"class":78},[60,71064,358],{"class":82},[60,71066,79],{"class":78},[60,71068,133],{"class":74},[60,71070,71071],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71072,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,71074,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71076,140],{"class":139},[60,71078,124],{"class":74},[60,71080,380],{"class":120},[60,71082,117],{"class":74},[60,71084,26127],{"class":120},[60,71086,124],{"class":74},[60,71088,35732],{"class":120},[60,71090,1691],{"class":74},[60,71092,71093,71095,71097,71099],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,71094,140],{"class":139},[60,71096,124],{"class":74},[60,71098,380],{"class":120},[60,71100,133],{"class":74},[20,71102,404],{},[51,71104,71106],{"className":53,"code":71105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71107,71108,71113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71109,71110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71111,71112],{"class":357},"20\n",[60,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71116,3812],{"class":74},[60,71118,2250],{"class":357},[60,71120,88],{"class":74},[60,71122,7707],{"class":357},[60,71124,1525],{"class":74},[46,71126,71128],{"id":71127},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71130,71131],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[337,71133,243,71135,1227],{"id":71134},"use-pop-when",[15,71136,462],{},[260,71138,71139,71142,71145],{},[263,71140,71141],{},"you want to remove by index",[263,71143,71144],{},"you want the removed item returned",[263,71146,71147],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[337,71149,243,71151,1227],{"id":71150},"use-remove-when",[15,71152,447],{},[260,71154,71155,71158],{},[263,71156,71157],{},"you want to remove by value",[263,71159,71160],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71162,71163],{},"Compare these examples:",[51,71165,71167],{"className":53,"code":71166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71168,71169,71193,71197,71215,71225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71170,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187,71189,71191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71172,350],{"class":66},[60,71174,71],{"class":70},[60,71176,1512],{"class":74},[60,71178,2250],{"class":357},[60,71180,88],{"class":74},[60,71182,7702],{"class":357},[60,71184,88],{"class":74},[60,71186,7707],{"class":357},[60,71188,88],{"class":74},[60,71190,7702],{"class":357},[60,71192,1525],{"class":74},[60,71194,71195],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71196,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,71198,71199,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71200,69822],{"class":66},[60,71202,71],{"class":70},[60,71204,1294],{"class":66},[60,71206,117],{"class":74},[60,71208,26127],{"class":120},[60,71210,124],{"class":74},[60,71212,358],{"class":357},[60,71214,133],{"class":74},[60,71216,71217,71219,71221,71223],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71218,140],{"class":139},[60,71220,124],{"class":74},[60,71222,69845],{"class":120},[60,71224,133],{"class":74},[60,71226,71227,71229,71231,71233],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,71228,140],{"class":139},[60,71230,124],{"class":74},[60,71232,380],{"class":120},[60,71234,133],{"class":74},[20,71236,404],{},[51,71238,71240],{"className":53,"code":71239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71241,71242,71246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71243,71244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71245,71112],{"class":357},[60,71247,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71249,3812],{"class":74},[60,71251,2250],{"class":357},[60,71253,88],{"class":74},[60,71255,7707],{"class":357},[60,71257,88],{"class":74},[60,71259,7702],{"class":357},[60,71261,1525],{"class":74},[51,71263,71265],{"className":53,"code":71264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71266,71267,71291,71295,71309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71268,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71270,350],{"class":66},[60,71272,71],{"class":70},[60,71274,1512],{"class":74},[60,71276,2250],{"class":357},[60,71278,88],{"class":74},[60,71280,7702],{"class":357},[60,71282,88],{"class":74},[60,71284,7707],{"class":357},[60,71286,88],{"class":74},[60,71288,7702],{"class":357},[60,71290,1525],{"class":74},[60,71292,71293],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71294,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,71296,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71298,380],{"class":66},[60,71300,117],{"class":74},[60,71302,558],{"class":120},[60,71304,124],{"class":74},[60,71306,15645],{"class":357},[60,71308,133],{"class":74},[60,71310,71311,71313,71315,71317],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71312,140],{"class":139},[60,71314,124],{"class":74},[60,71316,380],{"class":120},[60,71318,133],{"class":74},[20,71320,404],{},[51,71322,71324],{"className":53,"code":71323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71325,71326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71327,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71329,3812],{"class":74},[60,71331,2250],{"class":357},[60,71333,88],{"class":74},[60,71335,7707],{"class":357},[60,71337,88],{"class":74},[60,71339,7702],{"class":357},[60,71341,1525],{"class":74},[20,71343,71344,71345,71348,71349,117],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71346,71347],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71350,358],{},[20,71352,56490,71353,71356,71357,117],{},[15,71354,71355],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71358,15645],{},[20,71360,71361,71362,117],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[30,71363,54954],{"href":54953},[46,71365,1245],{"id":1244},[20,71367,71368,71369,258],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71370,462],{},[260,71372,71373,71376,71379,71385,71389],{},[263,71374,71375],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[263,71377,71378],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[263,71380,1391,71381,1394,71383],{},[15,71382,462],{},[15,71384,447],{},[263,71386,1254,71387,61859],{},[15,71388,462],{},[263,71390,71391],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71393,71394],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[51,71396,71398],{"className":53,"code":71397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71399,71400,71410,71424,71438,71456],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71401,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71403,140],{"class":139},[60,71405,124],{"class":74},[60,71407,8252],{"class":120},[60,71409,133],{"class":74},[60,71411,71412,71414,71416,71418,71420,71422],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71413,140],{"class":139},[60,71415,124],{"class":74},[60,71417,11064],{"class":139},[60,71419,124],{"class":74},[60,71421,8252],{"class":120},[60,71423,1691],{"class":74},[60,71425,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71427,140],{"class":139},[60,71429,124],{"class":74},[60,71431,8252],{"class":120},[60,71433,117],{"class":74},[60,71435,26127],{"class":120},[60,71437,7105],{"class":74},[60,71439,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71441,140],{"class":139},[60,71443,124],{"class":74},[60,71445,8252],{"class":120},[60,71447,117],{"class":74},[60,71449,26127],{"class":120},[60,71451,124],{"class":74},[60,71453,2039],{"class":357},[60,71455,1691],{"class":74},[60,71457,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,71459,140],{"class":139},[60,71461,124],{"class":74},[60,71463,1684],{"class":1683},[60,71465,124],{"class":74},[60,71467,35732],{"class":120},[60,71469,1691],{"class":74},[20,71471,71472],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[260,71474,71475,71481],{},[263,71476,71477,71480],{},[15,71478,71479],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[263,71482,71483,71486],{},[15,71484,71485],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71488,71489,71490,71493],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71491,71492],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[46,71495,1746],{"id":1745},[337,71497,71499],{"id":71498},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71501,71502,71503,71505],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71504,462],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[337,71507,71509],{"id":71508},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71511,71512,71514,71515,71517,71518,117],{},[15,71513,462],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71516,447],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71519,277],{},[337,71521,71523],{"id":71522},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71525,71526,71527,71530],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71528,71529],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[337,71532,71534],{"id":71533},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71536,71537,71538,71540],{},"Python raises ",[15,71539,70619],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[46,71542,1808],{"id":1807},[260,71544,71545,71549,71554,71559,71564],{},[263,71546,71547],{},[30,71548,55401],{"href":54953},[263,71550,71551],{},[30,71552,71553],{"href":54958},"Python list remove() method",[263,71555,71556],{},[30,71557,71558],{"href":58851},"Python list index() method",[263,71560,71561],{},[30,71562,71563],{"href":50865},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[263,71565,71566],{},[30,71567,69147],{"href":69146},[1841,71569,71570],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":71572},[71573,71574,71575,71576,71577,71578,71579,71584,71590,71591,71597],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":69748,"depth":111,"text":69749},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":70058,"depth":111,"text":70059},{"id":70187,"depth":111,"text":70188},{"id":70458,"depth":111,"text":70459},{"id":70605,"depth":111,"text":70606,"children":71580},[71581,71582,71583],{"id":70609,"depth":136,"text":70610},{"id":70747,"depth":136,"text":70748},{"id":70930,"depth":136,"text":70931},{"id":71127,"depth":111,"text":71128,"children":71585},[71586,71588],{"id":71134,"depth":136,"text":71587},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71150,"depth":136,"text":71589},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":71592},[71593,71594,71595,71596],{"id":71498,"depth":136,"text":71499},{"id":71508,"depth":136,"text":71509},{"id":71522,"depth":136,"text":71523},{"id":71533,"depth":136,"text":71534},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69615,"description":71598},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71605,"title":71606,"body":71607,"description":73393,"extension":1883,"meta":73394,"navigation":152,"path":73395,"seo":73396,"stem":73397,"__hash__":73398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71608,"toc":73375},[71609,71612,71617,71623,71625,71695,71701,71705,71710,71731,71734,71801,71803,71824,71832,71834,71853,71869,71871,71936,71938,71963,71965,71967,72032,72034,72059,72061,72075,72078,72131,72133,72154,72158,72166,72239,72241,72274,72280,72286,72377,72379,72404,72410,72499,72501,72525,72527,72531,72586,72588,72620,72623,72626,72720,72722,72755,72761,72767,72771,72778,72804,72808,72873,72875,72900,72904,72985,72987,73016,73021,73026,73032,73036,73043,73065,73069,73128,73130,73154,73163,73168,73170,73174,73203,73205,73280,73283,73297,73303,73305,73309,73312,73316,73321,73325,73334,73338,73346,73348,73372],[10,71610,71606],{"id":71611},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71613,1900,71614,71616],{},[15,71615,54961],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71618,71619,71620,71622],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[41,71621,315],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[46,71624,49],{"id":48},[51,71626,71628],{"className":53,"code":71627,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71629,71630,71662,71680,71690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71631,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71633,486],{"class":66},[60,71635,71],{"class":70},[60,71637,1512],{"class":74},[60,71639,79],{"class":78},[60,71641,495],{"class":82},[60,71643,79],{"class":78},[60,71645,88],{"class":74},[60,71647,91],{"class":78},[60,71649,504],{"class":82},[60,71651,79],{"class":78},[60,71653,88],{"class":74},[60,71655,91],{"class":78},[60,71657,528],{"class":82},[60,71659,79],{"class":78},[60,71661,1525],{"class":74},[60,71663,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71665,517],{"class":66},[60,71667,117],{"class":74},[60,71669,558],{"class":120},[60,71671,124],{"class":74},[60,71673,79],{"class":78},[60,71675,504],{"class":82},[60,71677,79],{"class":78},[60,71679,133],{"class":74},[60,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71683,140],{"class":139},[60,71685,124],{"class":74},[60,71687,517],{"class":120},[60,71689,133],{"class":74},[60,71691,71692],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71693,71694],{"class":177},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71696,243,71697,71700],{},[15,71698,71699],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[46,71702,71704],{"id":71703},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71706,71707,71709],{},[15,71708,447],{}," is a list method that:",[260,71711,71712,71718,71723,71728],{},[263,71713,71714,71715,71717],{},"Deletes the ",[41,71716,29794],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[263,71719,71720,71721],{},"Changes the original list ",[41,71722,11234],{},[263,71724,12599,71725,71727],{},[41,71726,43],{}," return a new list",[263,71729,71730],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71732,71733],{},"This is important for beginners:",[51,71735,71737],{"className":53,"code":71736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71738,71739,71759,71777,71781,71791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71740,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71742,350],{"class":66},[60,71744,71],{"class":70},[60,71746,1512],{"class":74},[60,71748,358],{"class":357},[60,71750,88],{"class":74},[60,71752,363],{"class":357},[60,71754,88],{"class":74},[60,71756,368],{"class":357},[60,71758,1525],{"class":74},[60,71760,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71762,688],{"class":66},[60,71764,71],{"class":70},[60,71766,1294],{"class":66},[60,71768,117],{"class":74},[60,71770,558],{"class":120},[60,71772,124],{"class":74},[60,71774,1303],{"class":357},[60,71776,133],{"class":74},[60,71778,71779],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71780,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,71782,71783,71785,71787,71789],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,71784,140],{"class":139},[60,71786,124],{"class":74},[60,71788,380],{"class":120},[60,71790,133],{"class":74},[60,71792,71793,71795,71797,71799],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,71794,140],{"class":139},[60,71796,124],{"class":74},[60,71798,720],{"class":120},[60,71800,133],{"class":74},[20,71802,404],{},[51,71804,71806],{"className":53,"code":71805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71807,71808,71820],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71809,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71811,3812],{"class":74},[60,71813,358],{"class":357},[60,71815,88],{"class":74},[60,71817,368],{"class":357},[60,71819,1525],{"class":74},[60,71821,71822],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71823,727],{"class":734},[20,71825,71826,71827,71829,71830,117],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71828,447],{}," itself returned ",[15,71831,277],{},[46,71833,5341],{"id":5340},[51,71835,71837],{"className":53,"code":71836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71838,71839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71840,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71842,8006],{"class":1683},[60,71844,117],{"class":74},[60,71846,558],{"class":120},[60,71848,124],{"class":74},[60,71850,315],{"class":120},[60,71852,133],{"class":74},[260,71854,71855,71860,71863],{},[263,71856,71857,71859],{},[15,71858,315],{}," is the item you want to delete",[263,71861,71862],{},"Python searches from left to right",[263,71864,71865,71866,71868],{},"Only the ",[41,71867,29794],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71870,2127],{},[51,71872,71874],{"className":53,"code":71873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71875,71876,71908,71926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71877,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71879,1411],{"class":66},[60,71881,71],{"class":70},[60,71883,1512],{"class":74},[60,71885,79],{"class":78},[60,71887,30],{"class":82},[60,71889,79],{"class":78},[60,71891,88],{"class":74},[60,71893,91],{"class":78},[60,71895,1428],{"class":82},[60,71897,79],{"class":78},[60,71899,88],{"class":74},[60,71901,91],{"class":78},[60,71903,1437],{"class":82},[60,71905,79],{"class":78},[60,71907,1525],{"class":74},[60,71909,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71911,1446],{"class":66},[60,71913,117],{"class":74},[60,71915,558],{"class":120},[60,71917,124],{"class":74},[60,71919,79],{"class":78},[60,71921,1428],{"class":82},[60,71923,79],{"class":78},[60,71925,133],{"class":74},[60,71927,71928,71930,71932,71934],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,71929,140],{"class":139},[60,71931,124],{"class":74},[60,71933,1446],{"class":120},[60,71935,133],{"class":74},[20,71937,404],{},[51,71939,71941],{"className":53,"code":71940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71942,71943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71944,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71946,3812],{"class":74},[60,71948,205],{"class":78},[60,71950,30],{"class":82},[60,71952,205],{"class":78},[60,71954,88],{"class":74},[60,71956,214],{"class":78},[60,71958,1437],{"class":82},[60,71960,205],{"class":78},[60,71962,1525],{"class":74},[46,71964,5698],{"id":5697},[20,71966,65062],{},[51,71968,71970],{"className":53,"code":71969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71971,71972,72004,72022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71973,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71975,67],{"class":66},[60,71977,71],{"class":70},[60,71979,1512],{"class":74},[60,71981,79],{"class":78},[60,71983,83],{"class":82},[60,71985,79],{"class":78},[60,71987,88],{"class":74},[60,71989,91],{"class":78},[60,71991,94],{"class":82},[60,71993,79],{"class":78},[60,71995,88],{"class":74},[60,71997,91],{"class":78},[60,71999,103],{"class":82},[60,72001,79],{"class":78},[60,72003,1525],{"class":74},[60,72005,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72007,114],{"class":66},[60,72009,117],{"class":74},[60,72011,558],{"class":120},[60,72013,124],{"class":74},[60,72015,79],{"class":78},[60,72017,94],{"class":82},[60,72019,79],{"class":78},[60,72021,133],{"class":74},[60,72023,72024,72026,72028,72030],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72025,140],{"class":139},[60,72027,124],{"class":74},[60,72029,114],{"class":120},[60,72031,133],{"class":74},[20,72033,404],{},[51,72035,72037],{"className":53,"code":72036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72038,72039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72040,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72042,3812],{"class":74},[60,72044,205],{"class":78},[60,72046,83],{"class":82},[60,72048,205],{"class":78},[60,72050,88],{"class":74},[60,72052,214],{"class":78},[60,72054,103],{"class":82},[60,72056,205],{"class":78},[60,72058,1525],{"class":74},[20,72060,11578],{},[260,72062,72063,72066,72072],{},[263,72064,72065],{},"A list is created with three values",[263,72067,72068,72071],{},[15,72069,72070],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[263,72073,72074],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72076,72077],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[51,72079,72081],{"className":53,"code":72080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72082,72083,72107,72121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72084,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72086,4974],{"class":66},[60,72088,71],{"class":70},[60,72090,1512],{"class":74},[60,72092,2250],{"class":357},[60,72094,88],{"class":74},[60,72096,7702],{"class":357},[60,72098,88],{"class":74},[60,72100,7707],{"class":357},[60,72102,88],{"class":74},[60,72104,50729],{"class":357},[60,72106,1525],{"class":74},[60,72108,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72110,16280],{"class":66},[60,72112,117],{"class":74},[60,72114,558],{"class":120},[60,72116,124],{"class":74},[60,72118,36725],{"class":357},[60,72120,133],{"class":74},[60,72122,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72124,140],{"class":139},[60,72126,124],{"class":74},[60,72128,16280],{"class":120},[60,72130,133],{"class":74},[20,72132,404],{},[51,72134,72136],{"className":53,"code":72135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72137,72138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72139,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72141,3812],{"class":74},[60,72143,2250],{"class":357},[60,72145,88],{"class":74},[60,72147,7702],{"class":357},[60,72149,88],{"class":74},[60,72151,50729],{"class":357},[60,72153,1525],{"class":74},[46,72155,72157],{"id":72156},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72159,65052,72160,72162,72163,72165],{},[15,72161,447],{}," deletes only the ",[41,72164,29794],{}," one.",[51,72167,72169],{"className":53,"code":72168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72170,72171,72211,72229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72172,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72174,486],{"class":66},[60,72176,71],{"class":70},[60,72178,1512],{"class":74},[60,72180,79],{"class":78},[60,72182,495],{"class":82},[60,72184,79],{"class":78},[60,72186,88],{"class":74},[60,72188,91],{"class":78},[60,72190,504],{"class":82},[60,72192,79],{"class":78},[60,72194,88],{"class":74},[60,72196,91],{"class":78},[60,72198,495],{"class":82},[60,72200,79],{"class":78},[60,72202,88],{"class":74},[60,72204,91],{"class":78},[60,72206,528],{"class":82},[60,72208,79],{"class":78},[60,72210,1525],{"class":74},[60,72212,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72214,517],{"class":66},[60,72216,117],{"class":74},[60,72218,558],{"class":120},[60,72220,124],{"class":74},[60,72222,79],{"class":78},[60,72224,495],{"class":82},[60,72226,79],{"class":78},[60,72228,133],{"class":74},[60,72230,72231,72233,72235,72237],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72232,140],{"class":139},[60,72234,124],{"class":74},[60,72236,517],{"class":120},[60,72238,133],{"class":74},[20,72240,404],{},[51,72242,72244],{"className":53,"code":72243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72245,72246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72247,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72249,3812],{"class":74},[60,72251,205],{"class":78},[60,72253,504],{"class":82},[60,72255,205],{"class":78},[60,72257,88],{"class":74},[60,72259,214],{"class":78},[60,72261,495],{"class":82},[60,72263,205],{"class":78},[60,72265,88],{"class":74},[60,72267,214],{"class":78},[60,72269,528],{"class":82},[60,72271,205],{"class":78},[60,72273,1525],{"class":74},[20,72275,72276,72277,72279],{},"Only the first ",[15,72278,57719],{}," was removed.",[20,72281,72282,72283,72285],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72284,447],{}," again:",[51,72287,72289],{"className":53,"code":72288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72290,72291,72331,72349,72367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72292,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72294,486],{"class":66},[60,72296,71],{"class":70},[60,72298,1512],{"class":74},[60,72300,79],{"class":78},[60,72302,495],{"class":82},[60,72304,79],{"class":78},[60,72306,88],{"class":74},[60,72308,91],{"class":78},[60,72310,504],{"class":82},[60,72312,79],{"class":78},[60,72314,88],{"class":74},[60,72316,91],{"class":78},[60,72318,495],{"class":82},[60,72320,79],{"class":78},[60,72322,88],{"class":74},[60,72324,91],{"class":78},[60,72326,528],{"class":82},[60,72328,79],{"class":78},[60,72330,1525],{"class":74},[60,72332,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72334,517],{"class":66},[60,72336,117],{"class":74},[60,72338,558],{"class":120},[60,72340,124],{"class":74},[60,72342,79],{"class":78},[60,72344,495],{"class":82},[60,72346,79],{"class":78},[60,72348,133],{"class":74},[60,72350,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72352,517],{"class":66},[60,72354,117],{"class":74},[60,72356,558],{"class":120},[60,72358,124],{"class":74},[60,72360,79],{"class":78},[60,72362,495],{"class":82},[60,72364,79],{"class":78},[60,72366,133],{"class":74},[60,72368,72369,72371,72373,72375],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,72370,140],{"class":139},[60,72372,124],{"class":74},[60,72374,517],{"class":120},[60,72376,133],{"class":74},[20,72378,404],{},[51,72380,72382],{"className":53,"code":72381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72383,72384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72385,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72387,3812],{"class":74},[60,72389,205],{"class":78},[60,72391,504],{"class":82},[60,72393,205],{"class":78},[60,72395,88],{"class":74},[60,72397,214],{"class":78},[60,72399,528],{"class":82},[60,72401,205],{"class":78},[60,72403,1525],{"class":74},[20,72405,72406,72407,72409],{},"If you need to remove ",[41,72408,3629],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[51,72411,72413],{"className":53,"code":72412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72414,72415,72455,72489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72416,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72418,486],{"class":66},[60,72420,71],{"class":70},[60,72422,1512],{"class":74},[60,72424,79],{"class":78},[60,72426,495],{"class":82},[60,72428,79],{"class":78},[60,72430,88],{"class":74},[60,72432,91],{"class":78},[60,72434,504],{"class":82},[60,72436,79],{"class":78},[60,72438,88],{"class":74},[60,72440,91],{"class":78},[60,72442,495],{"class":82},[60,72444,79],{"class":78},[60,72446,88],{"class":74},[60,72448,91],{"class":78},[60,72450,528],{"class":82},[60,72452,79],{"class":78},[60,72454,1525],{"class":74},[60,72456,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72474,72476,72478,72481,72483,72485,72487],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72458,486],{"class":66},[60,72460,71],{"class":70},[60,72462,1512],{"class":74},[60,72464,28423],{"class":66},[60,72466,5869],{"class":1153},[60,72468,5872],{"class":66},[60,72470,1703],{"class":1153},[60,72472,72473],{"class":66}," items ",[60,72475,1154],{"class":1153},[60,72477,5872],{"class":66},[60,72479,72480],{"class":70},"!=",[60,72482,91],{"class":78},[60,72484,495],{"class":82},[60,72486,79],{"class":78},[60,72488,1525],{"class":74},[60,72490,72491,72493,72495,72497],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72492,140],{"class":139},[60,72494,124],{"class":74},[60,72496,517],{"class":120},[60,72498,133],{"class":74},[20,72500,404],{},[51,72502,72503],{"className":53,"code":72381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,72504,72505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72506,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72508,3812],{"class":74},[60,72510,205],{"class":78},[60,72512,504],{"class":82},[60,72514,205],{"class":78},[60,72516,88],{"class":74},[60,72518,214],{"class":78},[60,72520,528],{"class":82},[60,72522,205],{"class":78},[60,72524,1525],{"class":74},[46,72526,65518],{"id":65517},[20,72528,65521,72529,117],{},[15,72530,40588],{},[51,72532,72534],{"className":53,"code":72533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72535,72536,72568],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72537,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72539,486],{"class":66},[60,72541,71],{"class":70},[60,72543,1512],{"class":74},[60,72545,79],{"class":78},[60,72547,495],{"class":82},[60,72549,79],{"class":78},[60,72551,88],{"class":74},[60,72553,91],{"class":78},[60,72555,504],{"class":82},[60,72557,79],{"class":78},[60,72559,88],{"class":74},[60,72561,91],{"class":78},[60,72563,528],{"class":82},[60,72565,79],{"class":78},[60,72567,1525],{"class":74},[60,72569,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72571,517],{"class":66},[60,72573,117],{"class":74},[60,72575,558],{"class":120},[60,72577,124],{"class":74},[60,72579,79],{"class":78},[60,72581,1084],{"class":82},[60,72583,79],{"class":78},[60,72585,133],{"class":74},[20,72587,404],{},[51,72589,72591],{"className":53,"code":72590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72592,72593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72596,40588],{"class":1683},[60,72598,258],{"class":74},[60,72600,22446],{"class":1683},[60,72602,117],{"class":74},[60,72604,558],{"class":120},[60,72606,124],{"class":74},[60,72608,2093],{"class":120},[60,72610,16343],{"class":74},[60,72612,3793],{"class":66},[60,72614,43],{"class":70},[60,72616,1163],{"class":70},[60,72618,72619],{"class":1683}," list\n",[20,72621,72622],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72624,72625],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[51,72627,72629],{"className":53,"code":72628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72630,72631,72663,72675,72679,72691,72706,72710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72632,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72634,486],{"class":66},[60,72636,71],{"class":70},[60,72638,1512],{"class":74},[60,72640,79],{"class":78},[60,72642,495],{"class":82},[60,72644,79],{"class":78},[60,72646,88],{"class":74},[60,72648,91],{"class":78},[60,72650,504],{"class":82},[60,72652,79],{"class":78},[60,72654,88],{"class":74},[60,72656,91],{"class":78},[60,72658,528],{"class":82},[60,72660,79],{"class":78},[60,72662,1525],{"class":74},[60,72664,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72666,1700],{"class":66},[60,72668,71],{"class":70},[60,72670,91],{"class":78},[60,72672,1084],{"class":82},[60,72674,3273],{"class":78},[60,72676,72677],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72678,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,72680,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,72682,1154],{"class":1153},[60,72684,21473],{"class":66},[60,72686,1703],{"class":70},[60,72688,5877],{"class":66},[60,72690,1168],{"class":74},[60,72692,72693,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,72694,72695],{"class":66},"    items",[60,72697,117],{"class":74},[60,72699,558],{"class":120},[60,72701,124],{"class":74},[60,72703,315],{"class":120},[60,72705,133],{"class":74},[60,72707,72708],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,72709,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,72711,72712,72714,72716,72718],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,72713,140],{"class":139},[60,72715,124],{"class":74},[60,72717,517],{"class":120},[60,72719,133],{"class":74},[20,72721,404],{},[51,72723,72725],{"className":53,"code":72724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72726,72727],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72728,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72730,3812],{"class":74},[60,72732,205],{"class":78},[60,72734,495],{"class":82},[60,72736,205],{"class":78},[60,72738,88],{"class":74},[60,72740,214],{"class":78},[60,72742,504],{"class":82},[60,72744,205],{"class":78},[60,72746,88],{"class":74},[60,72748,214],{"class":78},[60,72750,528],{"class":82},[60,72752,205],{"class":78},[60,72754,1525],{"class":74},[20,72756,72757,72758,72760],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72759,447],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72762,72763,72764,117],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[30,72765,65727],{"href":72766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[46,72768,72770],{"id":72769},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72772,72773,1776,72775,72777],{},[15,72774,447],{},[15,72776,462],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[260,72779,72780,72787,72793,72799],{},[263,72781,72782,72784,72785],{},[15,72783,447],{}," deletes by ",[41,72786,315],{},[263,72788,72789,72784,72791],{},[15,72790,462],{},[41,72792,35732],{},[263,72794,72795,641,72797],{},[15,72796,447],{},[15,72798,277],{},[263,72800,72801,72803],{},[15,72802,462],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72805,45925,72806,258],{},[15,72807,447],{},[51,72809,72811],{"className":53,"code":72810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72812,72813,72845,72863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72814,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72816,486],{"class":66},[60,72818,71],{"class":70},[60,72820,1512],{"class":74},[60,72822,79],{"class":78},[60,72824,495],{"class":82},[60,72826,79],{"class":78},[60,72828,88],{"class":74},[60,72830,91],{"class":78},[60,72832,504],{"class":82},[60,72834,79],{"class":78},[60,72836,88],{"class":74},[60,72838,91],{"class":78},[60,72840,528],{"class":82},[60,72842,79],{"class":78},[60,72844,1525],{"class":74},[60,72846,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72848,517],{"class":66},[60,72850,117],{"class":74},[60,72852,558],{"class":120},[60,72854,124],{"class":74},[60,72856,79],{"class":78},[60,72858,504],{"class":82},[60,72860,79],{"class":78},[60,72862,133],{"class":74},[60,72864,72865,72867,72869,72871],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72866,140],{"class":139},[60,72868,124],{"class":74},[60,72870,517],{"class":120},[60,72872,133],{"class":74},[20,72874,404],{},[51,72876,72878],{"className":53,"code":72877,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72879,72880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72881,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72883,3812],{"class":74},[60,72885,205],{"class":78},[60,72887,495],{"class":82},[60,72889,205],{"class":78},[60,72891,88],{"class":74},[60,72893,214],{"class":78},[60,72895,528],{"class":82},[60,72897,205],{"class":78},[60,72899,1525],{"class":74},[20,72901,45925,72902,258],{},[15,72903,462],{},[51,72905,72907],{"className":53,"code":72906,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72908,72909,72941,72960,72964,72974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72910,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72912,486],{"class":66},[60,72914,71],{"class":70},[60,72916,1512],{"class":74},[60,72918,79],{"class":78},[60,72920,495],{"class":82},[60,72922,79],{"class":78},[60,72924,88],{"class":74},[60,72926,91],{"class":78},[60,72928,504],{"class":82},[60,72930,79],{"class":78},[60,72932,88],{"class":74},[60,72934,91],{"class":78},[60,72936,528],{"class":82},[60,72938,79],{"class":78},[60,72940,1525],{"class":74},[60,72942,72943,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72944,72945],{"class":66},"removed_item ",[60,72947,71],{"class":70},[60,72949,5877],{"class":66},[60,72951,117],{"class":74},[60,72953,26127],{"class":120},[60,72955,124],{"class":74},[60,72957,358],{"class":357},[60,72959,133],{"class":74},[60,72961,72962],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,72963,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,72967,140],{"class":139},[60,72969,124],{"class":74},[60,72971,517],{"class":120},[60,72973,133],{"class":74},[60,72975,72976,72978,72980,72983],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,72977,140],{"class":139},[60,72979,124],{"class":74},[60,72981,72982],{"class":120},"removed_item",[60,72984,133],{"class":74},[20,72986,404],{},[51,72988,72990],{"className":53,"code":72989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72991,72992,73012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72993,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72995,3812],{"class":74},[60,72997,205],{"class":78},[60,72999,495],{"class":82},[60,73001,205],{"class":78},[60,73003,88],{"class":74},[60,73005,214],{"class":78},[60,73007,528],{"class":82},[60,73009,205],{"class":78},[60,73011,1525],{"class":74},[60,73013,73014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73015,70294],{"class":66},[20,73017,243,73018,73020],{},[15,73019,447],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73022,243,73023,73025],{},[15,73024,462],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73027,73028,73029,117],{},"For more detail, see the ",[30,73030,73031],{"href":54965},"Python list pop() method",[46,73033,73035],{"id":73034},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73037,73038,1776,73040,73042],{},[15,73039,447],{},[15,73041,26910],{}," are also different.",[260,73044,73045,73050,73055,73060],{},[263,73046,73047,73049],{},[15,73048,447],{}," deletes by matching value",[263,73051,73052,73054],{},[15,73053,26910],{}," deletes by index or slice",[263,73056,243,73057,73059],{},[15,73058,26910],{}," when you know the position",[263,73061,243,73062,73064],{},[15,73063,447],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73066,45925,73067,258],{},[15,73068,26910],{},[51,73070,73072],{"className":53,"code":73071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73073,73074,73106,73118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73075,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73077,486],{"class":66},[60,73079,71],{"class":70},[60,73081,1512],{"class":74},[60,73083,79],{"class":78},[60,73085,495],{"class":82},[60,73087,79],{"class":78},[60,73089,88],{"class":74},[60,73091,91],{"class":78},[60,73093,504],{"class":82},[60,73095,79],{"class":78},[60,73097,88],{"class":74},[60,73099,91],{"class":78},[60,73101,528],{"class":82},[60,73103,79],{"class":78},[60,73105,1525],{"class":74},[60,73107,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73109,26910],{"class":1153},[60,73111,5877],{"class":66},[60,73113,3812],{"class":74},[60,73115,358],{"class":357},[60,73117,1525],{"class":74},[60,73119,73120,73122,73124,73126],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73121,140],{"class":139},[60,73123,124],{"class":74},[60,73125,517],{"class":120},[60,73127,133],{"class":74},[20,73129,404],{},[51,73131,73132],{"className":53,"code":72877,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,73133,73134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73135,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73137,3812],{"class":74},[60,73139,205],{"class":78},[60,73141,495],{"class":82},[60,73143,205],{"class":78},[60,73145,88],{"class":74},[60,73147,214],{"class":78},[60,73149,528],{"class":82},[60,73151,205],{"class":78},[60,73153,1525],{"class":74},[20,73155,73156,73157,73159,73160,73162],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73158,358],{},", not the value ",[15,73161,65162],{}," directly.",[20,73164,73165,73166,117],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[30,73167,54954],{"href":54953},[46,73169,1245],{"id":1244},[20,73171,21100,73172,258],{},[15,73173,447],{},[260,73175,73176,73179,73184,73191,73200],{},[263,73177,73178],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[263,73180,1254,73181,73183],{},[15,73182,447],{}," to delete all matching values",[263,73185,12489,73186,73188,73189],{},[15,73187,447],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73190,277],{},[263,73192,8331,73193,44515,73195,288,73197,73199],{},[15,73194,447],{},[15,73196,462],{},[15,73198,26910],{}," would be a better fit",[263,73201,73202],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73204,71394],{},[51,73206,73208],{"className":53,"code":73207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73209,73210,73220,73234,73252,73266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73211,73212,73214,73216,73218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73213,140],{"class":139},[60,73215,124],{"class":74},[60,73217,8252],{"class":120},[60,73219,133],{"class":74},[60,73221,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73223,140],{"class":139},[60,73225,124],{"class":74},[60,73227,1700],{"class":120},[60,73229,1703],{"class":1153},[60,73231,8309],{"class":120},[60,73233,133],{"class":74},[60,73235,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73237,140],{"class":139},[60,73239,124],{"class":74},[60,73241,8252],{"class":120},[60,73243,117],{"class":74},[60,73245,41144],{"class":120},[60,73247,124],{"class":74},[60,73249,315],{"class":120},[60,73251,1691],{"class":74},[60,73253,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,73255,140],{"class":139},[60,73257,124],{"class":74},[60,73259,1684],{"class":1683},[60,73261,124],{"class":74},[60,73263,8252],{"class":120},[60,73265,1691],{"class":74},[60,73267,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,73269,1713],{"class":139},[60,73271,124],{"class":74},[60,73273,8006],{"class":1683},[60,73275,117],{"class":74},[60,73277,558],{"class":1723},[60,73279,133],{"class":74},[20,73281,73282],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[260,73284,73285,73288,73291,73294],{},[263,73286,73287],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[263,73289,73290],{},"How many times does it appear?",[263,73292,73293],{},"Am I working with a list?",[263,73295,73296],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73298,73299,73300,73302],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[30,73301,71558],{"href":58851}," may also help.",[46,73304,1746],{"id":1745},[337,73306,73308],{"id":73307},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73310,73311],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[337,73313,73315],{"id":73314},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73317,1766,73318,73320],{},[15,73319,277],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[337,73322,73324],{"id":73323},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73326,73327,73328,73331,73332,117],{},"Check with ",[15,73329,73330],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73333,447],{},[337,73335,73337],{"id":73336},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73339,243,73340,73342,73343,73345],{},[15,73341,447],{}," for a value and ",[15,73344,462],{}," for an index.",[46,73347,1808],{"id":1807},[260,73349,73350,73354,73358,73362,73366],{},[263,73351,73352],{},[30,73353,55401],{"href":54953},[263,73355,73356],{},[30,73357,73031],{"href":54965},[263,73359,73360],{},[30,73361,71558],{"href":58851},[263,73363,73364],{},[30,73365,65727],{"href":72766},[263,73367,73368],{},[30,73369,73371],{"href":73370},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1841,73373,73374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":73376},[73377,73378,73379,73380,73381,73382,73383,73384,73385,73386,73392],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":71703,"depth":111,"text":71704},{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341},{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":72156,"depth":111,"text":72157},{"id":65517,"depth":111,"text":65518},{"id":72769,"depth":111,"text":72770},{"id":73034,"depth":111,"text":73035},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":73387},[73388,73389,73390,73391],{"id":73307,"depth":136,"text":73308},{"id":73314,"depth":136,"text":73315},{"id":73323,"depth":136,"text":73324},{"id":73336,"depth":136,"text":73337},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71606,"description":73393},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73400,"title":73401,"body":73402,"description":75293,"extension":1883,"meta":75294,"navigation":152,"path":75295,"seo":75296,"stem":75297,"__hash__":75298},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73403,"toc":75263},[73404,73410,73416,73419,73430,73432,73481,73486,73491,73495,73510,73512,73577,73579,73620,73622,73624,73639,73641,73652,73654,73711,73713,73746,73748,73751,73800,73802,73827,73829,73845,73851,73858,73919,73921,73954,73959,73962,74042,74044,74105,74111,74115,74118,74182,74184,74209,74211,74231,74233,74282,74284,74305,74314,74317,74321,74326,74371,74373,74394,74400,74405,74413,74477,74479,74516,74522,74526,74533,74598,74600,74637,74641,74658,74668,74673,74678,74689,74696,74698,74704,74727,74730,74757,74762,74765,74866,74868,74923,74926,75033,75035,75106,75109,75135,75137,75142,75146,75154,75159,75164,75170,75175,75179,75182,75199,75202,75222,75230,75232,75260],[10,73405,54228,73407,18],{"id":73406},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73408,73409],{},"reverse()",[20,73411,73412,73415],{},[15,73413,73414],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73417,73418],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73420,73421,73422,73424,73425,73429],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73423,73409],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[30,73426,73428],{"href":73427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[46,73431,3525],{"id":3524},[51,73433,73435],{"className":53,"code":73434,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73436,73437,73457,73468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73438,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73440,350],{"class":66},[60,73442,71],{"class":70},[60,73444,1512],{"class":74},[60,73446,358],{"class":357},[60,73448,88],{"class":74},[60,73450,363],{"class":357},[60,73452,88],{"class":74},[60,73454,368],{"class":357},[60,73456,1525],{"class":74},[60,73458,73459,73461,73463,73466],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73460,380],{"class":66},[60,73462,117],{"class":74},[60,73464,73465],{"class":120},"reverse",[60,73467,8555],{"class":74},[60,73469,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73471,140],{"class":139},[60,73473,124],{"class":74},[60,73475,380],{"class":120},[60,73477,174],{"class":74},[60,73479,73480],{"class":177},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73482,73483,73485],{},[15,73484,73409],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[46,73487,250,73489,253],{"id":73488},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73490,73414],{},[20,73492,73493,258],{},[15,73494,73414],{},[260,73496,73497,73500,73503,73507],{},[263,73498,73499],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[263,73501,73502],{},"Changes the original list directly",[263,73504,274,73505],{},[15,73506,277],{},[263,73508,73509],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73511,2127],{},[51,73513,73515],{"className":53,"code":73514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73516,73517,73557,73567],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73518,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73520,1411],{"class":66},[60,73522,71],{"class":70},[60,73524,1512],{"class":74},[60,73526,79],{"class":78},[60,73528,30],{"class":82},[60,73530,79],{"class":78},[60,73532,88],{"class":74},[60,73534,91],{"class":78},[60,73536,1428],{"class":82},[60,73538,79],{"class":78},[60,73540,88],{"class":74},[60,73542,91],{"class":78},[60,73544,1437],{"class":82},[60,73546,79],{"class":78},[60,73548,88],{"class":74},[60,73550,91],{"class":78},[60,73552,18658],{"class":82},[60,73554,79],{"class":78},[60,73556,1525],{"class":74},[60,73558,73559,73561,73563,73565],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73560,1446],{"class":66},[60,73562,117],{"class":74},[60,73564,73465],{"class":120},[60,73566,8555],{"class":74},[60,73568,73569,73571,73573,73575],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73570,140],{"class":139},[60,73572,124],{"class":74},[60,73574,1446],{"class":120},[60,73576,133],{"class":74},[20,73578,404],{},[51,73580,73582],{"className":53,"code":73581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73583,73584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73585,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73587,3812],{"class":74},[60,73589,205],{"class":78},[60,73591,18658],{"class":82},[60,73593,205],{"class":78},[60,73595,88],{"class":74},[60,73597,214],{"class":78},[60,73599,1437],{"class":82},[60,73601,205],{"class":78},[60,73603,88],{"class":74},[60,73605,214],{"class":78},[60,73607,1428],{"class":82},[60,73609,205],{"class":78},[60,73611,88],{"class":74},[60,73613,214],{"class":78},[60,73615,30],{"class":82},[60,73617,205],{"class":78},[60,73619,1525],{"class":74},[46,73621,296],{"id":295},[20,73623,2079],{},[51,73625,73627],{"className":53,"code":73626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73628,73629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73630,73631,73633,73635,73637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73632,8252],{"class":66},[60,73634,117],{"class":74},[60,73636,73465],{"class":120},[60,73638,8555],{"class":74},[20,73640,12946],{},[260,73642,73643,73646,73649],{},[263,73644,73645],{},"No arguments are needed",[263,73647,73648],{},"You call it on an existing list",[263,73650,73651],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73653,2127],{},[51,73655,73657],{"className":53,"code":73656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73658,73659,73691,73701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73660,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73662,67],{"class":66},[60,73664,71],{"class":70},[60,73666,1512],{"class":74},[60,73668,79],{"class":78},[60,73670,83],{"class":82},[60,73672,79],{"class":78},[60,73674,88],{"class":74},[60,73676,91],{"class":78},[60,73678,103],{"class":82},[60,73680,79],{"class":78},[60,73682,88],{"class":74},[60,73684,91],{"class":78},[60,73686,94],{"class":82},[60,73688,79],{"class":78},[60,73690,1525],{"class":74},[60,73692,73693,73695,73697,73699],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73694,114],{"class":66},[60,73696,117],{"class":74},[60,73698,73465],{"class":120},[60,73700,8555],{"class":74},[60,73702,73703,73705,73707,73709],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73704,140],{"class":139},[60,73706,124],{"class":74},[60,73708,114],{"class":120},[60,73710,133],{"class":74},[20,73712,404],{},[51,73714,73716],{"className":53,"code":73715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73717,73718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73721,3812],{"class":74},[60,73723,205],{"class":78},[60,73725,94],{"class":82},[60,73727,205],{"class":78},[60,73729,88],{"class":74},[60,73731,214],{"class":78},[60,73733,103],{"class":82},[60,73735,205],{"class":78},[60,73737,88],{"class":74},[60,73739,214],{"class":78},[60,73741,83],{"class":82},[60,73743,205],{"class":78},[60,73745,1525],{"class":74},[46,73747,839],{"id":838},[20,73749,73750],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[51,73752,73754],{"className":53,"code":73753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73755,73756,73780,73790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73757,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73759,350],{"class":66},[60,73761,71],{"class":70},[60,73763,1512],{"class":74},[60,73765,2250],{"class":357},[60,73767,88],{"class":74},[60,73769,7702],{"class":357},[60,73771,88],{"class":74},[60,73773,7707],{"class":357},[60,73775,88],{"class":74},[60,73777,50729],{"class":357},[60,73779,1525],{"class":74},[60,73781,73782,73784,73786,73788],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73783,380],{"class":66},[60,73785,117],{"class":74},[60,73787,73465],{"class":120},[60,73789,8555],{"class":74},[60,73791,73792,73794,73796,73798],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73793,140],{"class":139},[60,73795,124],{"class":74},[60,73797,380],{"class":120},[60,73799,133],{"class":74},[20,73801,404],{},[51,73803,73805],{"className":53,"code":73804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73806,73807],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73808,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73810,3812],{"class":74},[60,73812,56578],{"class":357},[60,73814,88],{"class":74},[60,73816,7707],{"class":357},[60,73818,88],{"class":74},[60,73820,7702],{"class":357},[60,73822,88],{"class":74},[60,73824,5916],{"class":357},[60,73826,1525],{"class":74},[20,73828,11578],{},[260,73830,73831,73837,73842],{},[263,73832,73833,73834],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73835,73836],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[263,73838,73839,73841],{},[15,73840,73409],{}," flips the order",[263,73843,73844],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[46,73846,73848,73850],{"id":73847},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73849,73409],{}," changes the original list",[20,73852,73853,73854,73857],{},"This method is ",[41,73855,73856],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[51,73859,73861],{"className":53,"code":73860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73862,73863,73895,73905,73909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73864,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73866,852],{"class":66},[60,73868,71],{"class":70},[60,73870,1512],{"class":74},[60,73872,79],{"class":78},[60,73874,495],{"class":82},[60,73876,79],{"class":78},[60,73878,88],{"class":74},[60,73880,91],{"class":78},[60,73882,504],{"class":82},[60,73884,79],{"class":78},[60,73886,88],{"class":74},[60,73888,91],{"class":78},[60,73890,4008],{"class":82},[60,73892,79],{"class":78},[60,73894,1525],{"class":74},[60,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73898,913],{"class":66},[60,73900,117],{"class":74},[60,73902,73465],{"class":120},[60,73904,8555],{"class":74},[60,73906,73907],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,73908,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,73910,73911,73913,73915,73917],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,73912,140],{"class":139},[60,73914,124],{"class":74},[60,73916,913],{"class":120},[60,73918,133],{"class":74},[20,73920,404],{},[51,73922,73924],{"className":53,"code":73923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73925,73926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73927,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73929,3812],{"class":74},[60,73931,205],{"class":78},[60,73933,4008],{"class":82},[60,73935,205],{"class":78},[60,73937,88],{"class":74},[60,73939,214],{"class":78},[60,73941,504],{"class":82},[60,73943,205],{"class":78},[60,73945,88],{"class":74},[60,73947,214],{"class":78},[60,73949,495],{"class":82},[60,73951,205],{"class":78},[60,73953,1525],{"class":74},[20,73955,243,73956,73958],{},[15,73957,73409],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73960,73961],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[51,73963,73965],{"className":53,"code":73964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73966,73967,73999,74017,74021,74031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73968,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73970,852],{"class":66},[60,73972,71],{"class":70},[60,73974,1512],{"class":74},[60,73976,79],{"class":78},[60,73978,495],{"class":82},[60,73980,79],{"class":78},[60,73982,88],{"class":74},[60,73984,91],{"class":78},[60,73986,504],{"class":82},[60,73988,79],{"class":78},[60,73990,88],{"class":74},[60,73992,91],{"class":78},[60,73994,4008],{"class":82},[60,73996,79],{"class":78},[60,73998,1525],{"class":74},[60,74000,74001,74004,74006,74008,74011,74013,74015],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74002,74003],{"class":66},"reversed_fruits ",[60,74005,71],{"class":70},[60,74007,902],{"class":66},[60,74009,74010],{"class":74},"[::",[60,74012,1942],{"class":70},[60,74014,358],{"class":357},[60,74016,1525],{"class":74},[60,74018,74019],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74020,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74022,74023,74025,74027,74029],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74024,140],{"class":139},[60,74026,124],{"class":74},[60,74028,913],{"class":120},[60,74030,133],{"class":74},[60,74032,74033,74035,74037,74040],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74034,140],{"class":139},[60,74036,124],{"class":74},[60,74038,74039],{"class":120},"reversed_fruits",[60,74041,133],{"class":74},[20,74043,404],{},[51,74045,74047],{"className":53,"code":74046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74048,74049,74077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74050,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74052,3812],{"class":74},[60,74054,205],{"class":78},[60,74056,495],{"class":82},[60,74058,205],{"class":78},[60,74060,88],{"class":74},[60,74062,214],{"class":78},[60,74064,504],{"class":82},[60,74066,205],{"class":78},[60,74068,88],{"class":74},[60,74070,214],{"class":78},[60,74072,4008],{"class":82},[60,74074,205],{"class":78},[60,74076,1525],{"class":74},[60,74078,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74080,3812],{"class":74},[60,74082,205],{"class":78},[60,74084,4008],{"class":82},[60,74086,205],{"class":78},[60,74088,88],{"class":74},[60,74090,214],{"class":78},[60,74092,504],{"class":82},[60,74094,205],{"class":78},[60,74096,88],{"class":74},[60,74098,214],{"class":78},[60,74100,495],{"class":82},[60,74102,205],{"class":78},[60,74104,1525],{"class":74},[20,74106,74107,74108,117],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[30,74109,74110],{"href":73427},"Python list slicing explained",[46,74112,74114],{"id":74113},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74116,74117],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[51,74119,74121],{"className":53,"code":74120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74122,74123,74143,74157,74161,74172],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74124,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74126,350],{"class":66},[60,74128,71],{"class":70},[60,74130,1512],{"class":74},[60,74132,358],{"class":357},[60,74134,88],{"class":74},[60,74136,363],{"class":357},[60,74138,88],{"class":74},[60,74140,368],{"class":357},[60,74142,1525],{"class":74},[60,74144,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74146,55775],{"class":66},[60,74148,71],{"class":70},[60,74150,1294],{"class":66},[60,74152,117],{"class":74},[60,74154,73465],{"class":120},[60,74156,8555],{"class":74},[60,74158,74159],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74160,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74162,74163,74165,74167,74170],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74164,140],{"class":139},[60,74166,124],{"class":74},[60,74168,74169],{"class":120},"new_list",[60,74171,133],{"class":74},[60,74173,74174,74176,74178,74180],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74175,140],{"class":139},[60,74177,124],{"class":74},[60,74179,380],{"class":120},[60,74181,133],{"class":74},[20,74183,404],{},[51,74185,74187],{"className":53,"code":74186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74188,74189,74193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74190,74191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74192,727],{"class":734},[60,74194,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74196,3812],{"class":74},[60,74198,389],{"class":357},[60,74200,88],{"class":74},[60,74202,363],{"class":357},[60,74204,88],{"class":74},[60,74206,5408],{"class":357},[60,74208,1525],{"class":74},[20,74210,11794],{},[260,74212,74213,74221,74225],{},[263,74214,74215,74217,74218,74220],{},[15,74216,73409],{}," changes ",[15,74219,380],{}," directly",[263,74222,40790,74223,71727],{},[41,74224,43],{},[263,74226,53539,74227,1324,74229],{},[15,74228,74169],{},[15,74230,277],{},[20,74232,61785],{},[51,74234,74236],{"className":53,"code":74235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74237,74238,74258,74268,74272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74239,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74241,350],{"class":66},[60,74243,71],{"class":70},[60,74245,1512],{"class":74},[60,74247,358],{"class":357},[60,74249,88],{"class":74},[60,74251,363],{"class":357},[60,74253,88],{"class":74},[60,74255,368],{"class":357},[60,74257,1525],{"class":74},[60,74259,74260,74262,74264,74266],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74261,380],{"class":66},[60,74263,117],{"class":74},[60,74265,73465],{"class":120},[60,74267,8555],{"class":74},[60,74269,74270],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74271,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74273,74274,74276,74278,74280],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74275,140],{"class":139},[60,74277,124],{"class":74},[60,74279,380],{"class":120},[60,74281,133],{"class":74},[20,74283,404],{},[51,74285,74287],{"className":53,"code":74286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74288,74289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74292,3812],{"class":74},[60,74294,389],{"class":357},[60,74296,88],{"class":74},[60,74298,363],{"class":357},[60,74300,88],{"class":74},[60,74302,5408],{"class":357},[60,74304,1525],{"class":74},[46,74306,74308,474,74310,74313],{"id":74307},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74309,73409],{},[15,74311,74312],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74315,74316],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[337,74318,74319],{"id":73465},[15,74320,73409],{},[20,74322,74323,74325],{},[15,74324,73409],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[51,74327,74329],{"className":53,"code":74328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74330,74331,74351,74361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74332,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74334,350],{"class":66},[60,74336,71],{"class":70},[60,74338,1512],{"class":74},[60,74340,389],{"class":357},[60,74342,88],{"class":74},[60,74344,5408],{"class":357},[60,74346,88],{"class":74},[60,74348,363],{"class":357},[60,74350,1525],{"class":74},[60,74352,74353,74355,74357,74359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74354,380],{"class":66},[60,74356,117],{"class":74},[60,74358,73465],{"class":120},[60,74360,8555],{"class":74},[60,74362,74363,74365,74367,74369],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74364,140],{"class":139},[60,74366,124],{"class":74},[60,74368,380],{"class":120},[60,74370,133],{"class":74},[20,74372,404],{},[51,74374,74376],{"className":53,"code":74375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74377,74378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74381,3812],{"class":74},[60,74383,1303],{"class":357},[60,74385,88],{"class":74},[60,74387,5408],{"class":357},[60,74389,88],{"class":74},[60,74391,368],{"class":357},[60,74393,1525],{"class":74},[20,74395,74396,74397,74399],{},"Notice that this is ",[41,74398,43],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[337,74401,74403],{"id":74402},"sorted",[15,74404,74312],{},[20,74406,74407,74412],{},[30,74408,74410],{"href":74409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74411,74312],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[51,74414,74416],{"className":53,"code":74415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74417,74418,74438,74453,74457,74467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74419,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74421,350],{"class":66},[60,74423,71],{"class":70},[60,74425,1512],{"class":74},[60,74427,389],{"class":357},[60,74429,88],{"class":74},[60,74431,5408],{"class":357},[60,74433,88],{"class":74},[60,74435,363],{"class":357},[60,74437,1525],{"class":74},[60,74439,74440,74442,74444,74447,74449,74451],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74441,688],{"class":66},[60,74443,71],{"class":70},[60,74445,74446],{"class":139}," sorted",[60,74448,124],{"class":74},[60,74450,380],{"class":120},[60,74452,133],{"class":74},[60,74454,74455],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74456,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74458,74459,74461,74463,74465],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74460,140],{"class":139},[60,74462,124],{"class":74},[60,74464,380],{"class":120},[60,74466,133],{"class":74},[60,74468,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74470,140],{"class":139},[60,74472,124],{"class":74},[60,74474,720],{"class":120},[60,74476,133],{"class":74},[20,74478,404],{},[51,74480,74482],{"className":53,"code":74481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74483,74484,74500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74485,74486,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74487,3812],{"class":74},[60,74489,389],{"class":357},[60,74491,88],{"class":74},[60,74493,5408],{"class":357},[60,74495,88],{"class":74},[60,74497,363],{"class":357},[60,74499,1525],{"class":74},[60,74501,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74503,3812],{"class":74},[60,74505,358],{"class":357},[60,74507,88],{"class":74},[60,74509,363],{"class":357},[60,74511,88],{"class":74},[60,74513,368],{"class":357},[60,74515,1525],{"class":74},[20,74517,74518,74519,117],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74520,74521],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[337,74523,74525],{"id":74524},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74527,74528,74529,74532],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74530,74531],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[51,74534,74536],{"className":53,"code":74535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74537,74538,74558,74574,74578,74588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74539,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74541,350],{"class":66},[60,74543,71],{"class":70},[60,74545,1512],{"class":74},[60,74547,389],{"class":357},[60,74549,88],{"class":74},[60,74551,5408],{"class":357},[60,74553,88],{"class":74},[60,74555,363],{"class":357},[60,74557,1525],{"class":74},[60,74559,74560,74562,74564,74566,74568,74570,74572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74561,688],{"class":66},[60,74563,71],{"class":70},[60,74565,1294],{"class":66},[60,74567,74010],{"class":74},[60,74569,1942],{"class":70},[60,74571,358],{"class":357},[60,74573,1525],{"class":74},[60,74575,74576],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74577,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74579,74580,74582,74584,74586],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74581,140],{"class":139},[60,74583,124],{"class":74},[60,74585,380],{"class":120},[60,74587,133],{"class":74},[60,74589,74590,74592,74594,74596],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74591,140],{"class":139},[60,74593,124],{"class":74},[60,74595,720],{"class":120},[60,74597,133],{"class":74},[20,74599,404],{},[51,74601,74603],{"className":53,"code":74602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74604,74605,74621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74606,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74608,3812],{"class":74},[60,74610,389],{"class":357},[60,74612,88],{"class":74},[60,74614,5408],{"class":357},[60,74616,88],{"class":74},[60,74618,363],{"class":357},[60,74620,1525],{"class":74},[60,74622,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74624,3812],{"class":74},[60,74626,1303],{"class":357},[60,74628,88],{"class":74},[60,74630,5408],{"class":357},[60,74632,88],{"class":74},[60,74634,368],{"class":357},[60,74636,1525],{"class":74},[337,74638,74640],{"id":74639},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[260,74642,74643,74648,74653],{},[263,74644,243,74645,74647],{},[15,74646,73409],{}," when you want to change the original list",[263,74649,243,74650,74652],{},[15,74651,74531],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[263,74654,243,74655,74657],{},[15,74656,74312],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74659,74660,74661,74667],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[30,74662,74664,74665,1818],{"href":74663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74666,64199],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[46,74669,1220,74671],{"id":74670},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74672,73409],{},[20,74674,74675,74677],{},[15,74676,73409],{}," is a good choice:",[260,74679,74680,74683,74686],{},[263,74681,74682],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[263,74684,74685],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[263,74687,74688],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74690,74691,74692,117],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[30,74693,74695],{"href":74694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[46,74697,1245],{"id":1244},[20,74699,74700,74701,74703],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74702,73409],{}," for these reasons:",[260,74705,74706,74710,74715,74720],{},[263,74707,12489,74708,12492],{},[15,74709,73409],{},[263,74711,1254,74712,74714],{},[15,74713,73409],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[263,74716,8331,74717,74719],{},[15,74718,73409],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[263,74721,1391,74722,1394,74724],{},[15,74723,73409],{},[15,74725,74726],{},"reversed()",[20,74728,74729],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[51,74731,74733],{"className":53,"code":74732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74734,74735,74747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74736,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74738,34573],{"class":66},[60,74740,71],{"class":70},[60,74742,91],{"class":78},[60,74744,3759],{"class":82},[60,74746,3273],{"class":78},[60,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74750,34594],{"class":66},[60,74752,117],{"class":74},[60,74754,73465],{"class":120},[60,74756,8555],{"class":74},[20,74758,74759,74760,33485],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74761,73409],{},[20,74763,74764],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[51,74766,74768],{"className":53,"code":74767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74769,74770,74790,74794,74804,74818,74822,74836,74846,74850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74773,8221],{"class":66},[60,74775,71],{"class":70},[60,74777,1512],{"class":74},[60,74779,358],{"class":357},[60,74781,88],{"class":74},[60,74783,363],{"class":357},[60,74785,88],{"class":74},[60,74787,368],{"class":357},[60,74789,1525],{"class":74},[60,74791,74792],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74793,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74797,140],{"class":139},[60,74799,124],{"class":74},[60,74801,8252],{"class":120},[60,74803,133],{"class":74},[60,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74807,140],{"class":139},[60,74809,124],{"class":74},[60,74811,1684],{"class":1683},[60,74813,124],{"class":74},[60,74815,8252],{"class":120},[60,74817,1691],{"class":74},[60,74819,74820],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74821,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74823,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,74825,688],{"class":66},[60,74827,71],{"class":70},[60,74829,8309],{"class":66},[60,74831,117],{"class":74},[60,74833,73465],{"class":120},[60,74835,8555],{"class":74},[60,74837,74838,74840,74842,74844],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,74839,140],{"class":139},[60,74841,124],{"class":74},[60,74843,720],{"class":120},[60,74845,133],{"class":74},[60,74847,74848],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,74849,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74851,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,74853,140],{"class":139},[60,74855,124],{"class":74},[60,74857,8252],{"class":120},[60,74859,74010],{"class":74},[60,74861,1942],{"class":70},[60,74863,358],{"class":357},[60,74865,1646],{"class":74},[20,74867,404],{},[51,74869,74871],{"className":53,"code":74870,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74872,74873,74889,74903,74907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74874,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74876,3812],{"class":74},[60,74878,358],{"class":357},[60,74880,88],{"class":74},[60,74882,363],{"class":357},[60,74884,88],{"class":74},[60,74886,368],{"class":357},[60,74888,1525],{"class":74},[60,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74892,3205],{"class":70},[60,74894,3208],{"class":1984},[60,74896,214],{"class":78},[60,74898,8006],{"class":82},[60,74900,205],{"class":78},[60,74902,3217],{"class":70},[60,74904,74905],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74906,727],{"class":734},[60,74908,74909,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74910,3812],{"class":74},[60,74912,358],{"class":357},[60,74914,88],{"class":74},[60,74916,363],{"class":357},[60,74918,88],{"class":74},[60,74920,5408],{"class":357},[60,74922,1525],{"class":74},[20,74924,74925],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[51,74927,74929],{"className":53,"code":74928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74930,74931,74951,74955,74965,74979,74983,74997,75007,75017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74932,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943,74945,74947,74949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74934,8221],{"class":66},[60,74936,71],{"class":70},[60,74938,1512],{"class":74},[60,74940,358],{"class":357},[60,74942,88],{"class":74},[60,74944,363],{"class":357},[60,74946,88],{"class":74},[60,74948,368],{"class":357},[60,74950,1525],{"class":74},[60,74952,74953],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74954,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74956,74957,74959,74961,74963],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,74958,140],{"class":139},[60,74960,124],{"class":74},[60,74962,8252],{"class":120},[60,74964,133],{"class":74},[60,74966,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,74968,140],{"class":139},[60,74970,124],{"class":74},[60,74972,1684],{"class":1683},[60,74974,124],{"class":74},[60,74976,8252],{"class":120},[60,74978,1691],{"class":74},[60,74980,74981],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,74982,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,74984,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,74986,688],{"class":66},[60,74988,71],{"class":70},[60,74990,8309],{"class":66},[60,74992,117],{"class":74},[60,74994,73465],{"class":120},[60,74996,8555],{"class":74},[60,74998,74999,75001,75003,75005],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,75000,140],{"class":139},[60,75002,124],{"class":74},[60,75004,720],{"class":120},[60,75006,133],{"class":74},[60,75008,75009,75011,75013,75015],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,75010,140],{"class":139},[60,75012,124],{"class":74},[60,75014,8252],{"class":120},[60,75016,133],{"class":74},[60,75018,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,75020,140],{"class":139},[60,75022,124],{"class":74},[60,75024,8252],{"class":120},[60,75026,74010],{"class":74},[60,75028,1942],{"class":70},[60,75030,358],{"class":357},[60,75032,1646],{"class":74},[20,75034,404],{},[51,75036,75038],{"className":53,"code":75037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75039,75040,75056,75070,75074,75090],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75041,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75043,3812],{"class":74},[60,75045,358],{"class":357},[60,75047,88],{"class":74},[60,75049,363],{"class":357},[60,75051,88],{"class":74},[60,75053,368],{"class":357},[60,75055,1525],{"class":74},[60,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75059,3205],{"class":70},[60,75061,3208],{"class":1984},[60,75063,214],{"class":78},[60,75065,8006],{"class":82},[60,75067,205],{"class":78},[60,75069,3217],{"class":70},[60,75071,75072],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75073,727],{"class":734},[60,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,75077,3812],{"class":74},[60,75079,389],{"class":357},[60,75081,88],{"class":74},[60,75083,363],{"class":357},[60,75085,88],{"class":74},[60,75087,5408],{"class":357},[60,75089,1525],{"class":74},[60,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,75093,3812],{"class":74},[60,75095,358],{"class":357},[60,75097,88],{"class":74},[60,75099,363],{"class":357},[60,75101,88],{"class":74},[60,75103,368],{"class":357},[60,75105,1525],{"class":74},[20,75107,75108],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[260,75110,75111,75120,75129],{},[263,75112,27681,75113,75116,75117],{},[15,75114,75115],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75118,75119],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[263,75121,11810,75122,75125,75126,22446],{},[15,75123,75124],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[41,75127,75128],{},"current",[263,75130,75131,75132],{},"So it prints ",[15,75133,75134],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[46,75136,1746],{"id":1745},[337,75138,12599,75140,55355],{"id":75139},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75141,73414],{},[20,75143,62490,75144,117],{},[15,75145,277],{},[337,75147,34090,75149,34093,75151,1779],{"id":75148},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75150,73409],{},[15,75152,75153],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75155,75156,75158],{},[15,75157,73409],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75160,75161,75163],{},[15,75162,75153],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[337,75165,1795,75167,75169],{"id":75166},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75168,73409],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75171,1801,75172,75174],{},[15,75173,73409],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[337,75176,75178],{"id":75177},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75180,75181],{},"Use slicing:",[51,75183,75185],{"className":53,"code":75184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75186,75187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75188,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75190,8252],{"class":66},[60,75192,74010],{"class":74},[60,75194,1942],{"class":70},[60,75196,358],{"class":357},[60,75198,1525],{"class":74},[20,75200,75201],{},"Or use:",[51,75203,75205],{"className":53,"code":75204,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75206,75207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75208,75209,75211,75213,75216,75218,75220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75210,8006],{"class":1683},[60,75212,124],{"class":74},[60,75214,75215],{"class":139},"reversed",[60,75217,124],{"class":74},[60,75219,8252],{"class":120},[60,75221,1691],{"class":74},[20,75223,75224,75225,75229],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[30,75226,55406,75227],{"href":54846},[15,75228,12670],{}," can also help.",[46,75231,1808],{"id":1807},[260,75233,75234,75240,75246,75250,75254],{},[263,75235,75236],{},[30,75237,55406,75238,1818],{"href":74663},[15,75239,64199],{},[263,75241,75242],{},[30,75243,3491,75244,3424],{"href":74409},[15,75245,74312],{},[263,75247,75248],{},[30,75249,74695],{"href":74694},[263,75251,75252],{},[30,75253,74110],{"href":73427},[263,75255,75256],{},[30,75257,55406,75258,1818],{"href":54846},[15,75259,12670],{},[1841,75261,75262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":75264},[75265,75266,75268,75269,75270,75272,75273,75280,75282,75283,75292],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":73488,"depth":111,"text":75267},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":73847,"depth":111,"text":75271},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74113,"depth":111,"text":74114},{"id":74307,"depth":111,"text":75274,"children":75275},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75276,75277,75278,75279],{"id":73465,"depth":136,"text":73409},{"id":74402,"depth":136,"text":74312},{"id":74524,"depth":136,"text":74525},{"id":74639,"depth":136,"text":74640},{"id":74670,"depth":111,"text":75281},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":75284},[75285,75287,75289,75291],{"id":75139,"depth":136,"text":75286},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75148,"depth":136,"text":75288},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75166,"depth":136,"text":75290},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75177,"depth":136,"text":75178},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73401,"description":75293},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75300,"title":75301,"body":75302,"description":77735,"extension":1883,"meta":77736,"navigation":152,"path":77737,"seo":77738,"stem":77739,"__hash__":77740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75303,"toc":77703},[75304,75307,75319,75322,75345,75353,75355,75467,75476,75480,75483,75486,75573,75575,75608,75610,75633,75639,75643,75646,75668,75670,75687,75690,75710,75712,75822,75824,75901,75905,75908,75951,75953,76086,76088,76190,76195,76199,76202,76204,76218,76221,76335,76337,76411,76413,76441,76445,76450,76480,76483,76609,76611,76693,76699,76703,76705,76744,76753,76757,76760,76764,76811,76813,76821,76825,76876,76878,76891,76893,76907,76910,76918,76920,76967,76969,76977,76980,77023,77028,77031,77034,77057,77061,77112,77115,77136,77146,77150,77152,77182,77185,77208,77212,77215,77282,77284,77321,77324,77332,77399,77401,77438,77444,77451,77455,77458,77488,77493,77497,77500,77524,77527,77621,77631,77633,77637,77640,77644,77647,77652,77655,77661,77664,77666,77694,77700],[10,75305,75301],{"id":75306},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75308,75309,75310,36,75312,16963,75315,75318],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75311,35959],{},[15,75313,75314],{},"stop",[15,75316,75317],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75320,75321],{},"The basic slice form is:",[51,75323,75325],{"className":53,"code":75324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75326,75327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75328,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75330,8252],{"class":66},[60,75332,3812],{"class":74},[60,75334,35959],{"class":66},[60,75336,258],{"class":74},[60,75338,75314],{"class":66},[60,75340,258],{"class":74},[60,75342,75317],{"class":66},[60,75344,1525],{"class":74},[20,75346,75347,75348,75350,75351,117],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75349,75314],{}," position is ",[41,75352,64957],{},[46,75354,49],{"id":48},[51,75356,75358],{"className":53,"code":75357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75359,75360,75388,75392,75413,75431,75448],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75361,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75363,350],{"class":66},[60,75365,71],{"class":70},[60,75367,1512],{"class":74},[60,75369,2250],{"class":357},[60,75371,88],{"class":74},[60,75373,7702],{"class":357},[60,75375,88],{"class":74},[60,75377,7707],{"class":357},[60,75379,88],{"class":74},[60,75381,50729],{"class":357},[60,75383,88],{"class":74},[60,75385,4991],{"class":357},[60,75387,1525],{"class":74},[60,75389,75390],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75391,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,75393,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75395,140],{"class":139},[60,75397,124],{"class":74},[60,75399,380],{"class":120},[60,75401,3812],{"class":74},[60,75403,358],{"class":357},[60,75405,258],{"class":74},[60,75407,2421],{"class":357},[60,75409,20335],{"class":74},[60,75411,75412],{"class":177},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[60,75414,75415,75417,75419,75421,75424,75426,75428],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,75416,140],{"class":139},[60,75418,124],{"class":74},[60,75420,380],{"class":120},[60,75422,75423],{"class":74},"[:",[60,75425,389],{"class":357},[60,75427,20335],{"class":74},[60,75429,75430],{"class":177},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[60,75432,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,75434,140],{"class":139},[60,75436,124],{"class":74},[60,75438,380],{"class":120},[60,75440,74010],{"class":74},[60,75442,1303],{"class":357},[60,75444,20335],{"class":74},[60,75446,75447],{"class":177},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[60,75449,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,75451,140],{"class":139},[60,75453,124],{"class":74},[60,75455,380],{"class":120},[60,75457,74010],{"class":74},[60,75459,1942],{"class":70},[60,75461,358],{"class":357},[60,75463,20335],{"class":74},[60,75465,75466],{"class":177},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75468,243,75469,75472,75473,75475],{},[15,75470,75471],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75474,75314],{}," value is not included.",[46,75477,75479],{"id":75478},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75481,75482],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75484,75485],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[51,75487,75489],{"className":53,"code":75488,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75490,75491,75539,75543,75562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75492,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75494,1411],{"class":66},[60,75496,71],{"class":70},[60,75498,1512],{"class":74},[60,75500,79],{"class":78},[60,75502,30],{"class":82},[60,75504,79],{"class":78},[60,75506,88],{"class":74},[60,75508,91],{"class":78},[60,75510,1428],{"class":82},[60,75512,79],{"class":78},[60,75514,88],{"class":74},[60,75516,91],{"class":78},[60,75518,1437],{"class":82},[60,75520,79],{"class":78},[60,75522,88],{"class":74},[60,75524,91],{"class":78},[60,75526,18658],{"class":82},[60,75528,79],{"class":78},[60,75530,88],{"class":74},[60,75532,91],{"class":78},[60,75534,60334],{"class":82},[60,75536,79],{"class":78},[60,75538,1525],{"class":74},[60,75540,75541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75542,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,75544,75545,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75546,75547],{"class":66},"part ",[60,75549,71],{"class":70},[60,75551,69984],{"class":66},[60,75553,3812],{"class":74},[60,75555,358],{"class":357},[60,75557,258],{"class":74},[60,75559,2421],{"class":357},[60,75561,1525],{"class":74},[60,75563,75564,75566,75568,75571],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,75565,140],{"class":139},[60,75567,124],{"class":74},[60,75569,75570],{"class":120},"part",[60,75572,133],{"class":74},[20,75574,404],{},[51,75576,75578],{"className":53,"code":75577,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75579,75580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75581,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75583,3812],{"class":74},[60,75585,205],{"class":78},[60,75587,1428],{"class":82},[60,75589,205],{"class":78},[60,75591,88],{"class":74},[60,75593,214],{"class":78},[60,75595,1437],{"class":82},[60,75597,205],{"class":78},[60,75599,88],{"class":74},[60,75601,214],{"class":78},[60,75603,18658],{"class":82},[60,75605,205],{"class":78},[60,75607,1525],{"class":74},[20,75609,12946],{},[260,75611,75612,75615,75618,75624,75630],{},[263,75613,75614],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[263,75616,75617],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[263,75619,75620,75621],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75622,75623],{},"list[start:stop]",[263,75625,75626,75627,75629],{},"The item at ",[15,75628,75314],{}," is not included",[263,75631,75632],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75634,75635,75636,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[30,75637,75638],{"href":50865},"beginner guide to Python lists",[46,75640,75642],{"id":75641},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75644,75645],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[51,75647,75648],{"className":53,"code":75324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,75649,75650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75651,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75653,8252],{"class":66},[60,75655,3812],{"class":74},[60,75657,35959],{"class":66},[60,75659,258],{"class":74},[60,75661,75314],{"class":66},[60,75663,258],{"class":74},[60,75665,75317],{"class":66},[60,75667,1525],{"class":74},[20,75669,64933],{},[260,75671,75672,75677,75682],{},[263,75673,75674,75676],{},[15,75675,35959],{}," is where slicing begins",[263,75678,75679,75681],{},[15,75680,75314],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[263,75683,75684,75686],{},[15,75685,75317],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75688,75689],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[260,75691,75692,75698,75703],{},[263,75693,75694,75695,75697],{},"Missing ",[15,75696,35959],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[263,75699,75694,75700,75702],{},[15,75701,75314],{}," means go to the end of the list",[263,75704,75694,75705,75707,75708],{},[15,75706,75317],{}," means use ",[15,75709,358],{},[20,75711,2127],{},[51,75713,75715],{"className":53,"code":75714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75716,75717,75745,75749,75770,75787,75805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75718,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75720,350],{"class":66},[60,75722,71],{"class":70},[60,75724,1512],{"class":74},[60,75726,2250],{"class":357},[60,75728,88],{"class":74},[60,75730,7702],{"class":357},[60,75732,88],{"class":74},[60,75734,7707],{"class":357},[60,75736,88],{"class":74},[60,75738,50729],{"class":357},[60,75740,88],{"class":74},[60,75742,4991],{"class":357},[60,75744,1525],{"class":74},[60,75746,75747],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75748,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75752,140],{"class":139},[60,75754,124],{"class":74},[60,75756,380],{"class":120},[60,75758,3812],{"class":74},[60,75760,358],{"class":357},[60,75762,258],{"class":74},[60,75764,2421],{"class":357},[60,75766,20335],{"class":74},[60,75768,75769],{"class":177},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[60,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,75773,140],{"class":139},[60,75775,124],{"class":74},[60,75777,380],{"class":120},[60,75779,75423],{"class":74},[60,75781,389],{"class":357},[60,75783,20335],{"class":74},[60,75785,75786],{"class":177},"    # start from the beginning\n",[60,75788,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75802],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,75790,140],{"class":139},[60,75792,124],{"class":74},[60,75794,380],{"class":120},[60,75796,3812],{"class":74},[60,75798,1303],{"class":357},[60,75800,75801],{"class":74},":])",[60,75803,75804],{"class":177},"    # go to the end\n",[60,75806,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,75808,140],{"class":139},[60,75810,124],{"class":74},[60,75812,380],{"class":120},[60,75814,74010],{"class":74},[60,75816,358],{"class":357},[60,75818,20335],{"class":74},[60,75820,75821],{"class":177},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75823,404],{},[51,75825,75827],{"className":53,"code":75826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75828,75829,75845,75861,75877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75830,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75832,3812],{"class":74},[60,75834,15645],{"class":357},[60,75836,88],{"class":74},[60,75838,7707],{"class":357},[60,75840,88],{"class":74},[60,75842,50729],{"class":357},[60,75844,1525],{"class":74},[60,75846,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75848,3812],{"class":74},[60,75850,2250],{"class":357},[60,75852,88],{"class":74},[60,75854,7702],{"class":357},[60,75856,88],{"class":74},[60,75858,7707],{"class":357},[60,75860,1525],{"class":74},[60,75862,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75864,3812],{"class":74},[60,75866,36725],{"class":357},[60,75868,88],{"class":74},[60,75870,50729],{"class":357},[60,75872,88],{"class":74},[60,75874,4991],{"class":357},[60,75876,1525],{"class":74},[60,75878,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,75880,3812],{"class":74},[60,75882,2250],{"class":357},[60,75884,88],{"class":74},[60,75886,7702],{"class":357},[60,75888,88],{"class":74},[60,75890,7707],{"class":357},[60,75892,88],{"class":74},[60,75894,50729],{"class":357},[60,75896,88],{"class":74},[60,75898,4991],{"class":357},[60,75900,1525],{"class":74},[46,75902,75904],{"id":75903},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75906,75907],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[260,75909,75910,75919,75928,75939,75945],{},[263,75911,75912,75915,75916,5877],{},[15,75913,75914],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75917,75918],{},"n",[263,75920,75921,75924,75925,75927],{},[15,75922,75923],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75926,75918],{}," to the end",[263,75929,75930,75933,75934,75936,75937],{},[15,75931,75932],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75935,30],{}," up to ",[15,75938,1428],{},[263,75940,75941,75944],{},[15,75942,75943],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[263,75946,75947,75950],{},[15,75948,75949],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75952,2127],{},[51,75954,75956],{"className":53,"code":75955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75957,75958,75991,75995,76012,76029,76050,76067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75959,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75961,350],{"class":66},[60,75963,71],{"class":70},[60,75965,1512],{"class":74},[60,75967,2250],{"class":357},[60,75969,88],{"class":74},[60,75971,7702],{"class":357},[60,75973,88],{"class":74},[60,75975,7707],{"class":357},[60,75977,88],{"class":74},[60,75979,50729],{"class":357},[60,75981,88],{"class":74},[60,75983,4991],{"class":357},[60,75985,88],{"class":74},[60,75987,75988],{"class":357}," 60",[60,75990,1525],{"class":74},[60,75992,75993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75994,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,75996,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,75998,140],{"class":139},[60,76000,124],{"class":74},[60,76002,380],{"class":120},[60,76004,75423],{"class":74},[60,76006,389],{"class":357},[60,76008,20335],{"class":74},[60,76010,76011],{"class":177},"    # first 3 items\n",[60,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,76015,140],{"class":139},[60,76017,124],{"class":74},[60,76019,380],{"class":120},[60,76021,3812],{"class":74},[60,76023,389],{"class":357},[60,76025,75801],{"class":74},[60,76027,76028],{"class":177},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[60,76030,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,76032,140],{"class":139},[60,76034,124],{"class":74},[60,76036,380],{"class":120},[60,76038,3812],{"class":74},[60,76040,358],{"class":357},[60,76042,258],{"class":74},[60,76044,2056],{"class":357},[60,76046,20335],{"class":74},[60,76048,76049],{"class":177},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[60,76051,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,76053,140],{"class":139},[60,76055,124],{"class":74},[60,76057,380],{"class":120},[60,76059,74010],{"class":74},[60,76061,1303],{"class":357},[60,76063,20335],{"class":74},[60,76065,76066],{"class":177},"   # every second item\n",[60,76068,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,76070,140],{"class":139},[60,76072,124],{"class":74},[60,76074,380],{"class":120},[60,76076,74010],{"class":74},[60,76078,1942],{"class":70},[60,76080,358],{"class":357},[60,76082,20335],{"class":74},[60,76084,76085],{"class":177},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76087,404],{},[51,76089,76091],{"className":53,"code":76090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76092,76093,76109,76125,76145,76161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76094,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76096,3812],{"class":74},[60,76098,2250],{"class":357},[60,76100,88],{"class":74},[60,76102,7702],{"class":357},[60,76104,88],{"class":74},[60,76106,7707],{"class":357},[60,76108,1525],{"class":74},[60,76110,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76112,3812],{"class":74},[60,76114,56578],{"class":357},[60,76116,88],{"class":74},[60,76118,4991],{"class":357},[60,76120,88],{"class":74},[60,76122,75988],{"class":357},[60,76124,1525],{"class":74},[60,76126,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76128,3812],{"class":74},[60,76130,15645],{"class":357},[60,76132,88],{"class":74},[60,76134,7707],{"class":357},[60,76136,88],{"class":74},[60,76138,50729],{"class":357},[60,76140,88],{"class":74},[60,76142,4991],{"class":357},[60,76144,1525],{"class":74},[60,76146,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,76148,3812],{"class":74},[60,76150,2250],{"class":357},[60,76152,88],{"class":74},[60,76154,7707],{"class":357},[60,76156,88],{"class":74},[60,76158,4991],{"class":357},[60,76160,1525],{"class":74},[60,76162,76163,76165,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,76164,3812],{"class":74},[60,76166,76167],{"class":357},"60",[60,76169,88],{"class":74},[60,76171,4991],{"class":357},[60,76173,88],{"class":74},[60,76175,50729],{"class":357},[60,76177,88],{"class":74},[60,76179,7707],{"class":357},[60,76181,88],{"class":74},[60,76183,7702],{"class":357},[60,76185,88],{"class":74},[60,76187,5916],{"class":357},[60,76189,1525],{"class":74},[20,76191,76192,76193,117],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[30,76194,14779],{"href":57105},[46,76196,76198],{"id":76197},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76200,76201],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76203,5382],{},[260,76205,76206,76212],{},[263,76207,76208,76211],{},[15,76209,76210],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[263,76213,76214,76217],{},[15,76215,76216],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76219,76220],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[51,76222,76224],{"className":53,"code":76223,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76225,76226,76274,76278,76297,76316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76227,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76229,1411],{"class":66},[60,76231,71],{"class":70},[60,76233,1512],{"class":74},[60,76235,79],{"class":78},[60,76237,30],{"class":82},[60,76239,79],{"class":78},[60,76241,88],{"class":74},[60,76243,91],{"class":78},[60,76245,1428],{"class":82},[60,76247,79],{"class":78},[60,76249,88],{"class":74},[60,76251,91],{"class":78},[60,76253,1437],{"class":82},[60,76255,79],{"class":78},[60,76257,88],{"class":74},[60,76259,91],{"class":78},[60,76261,18658],{"class":82},[60,76263,79],{"class":78},[60,76265,88],{"class":74},[60,76267,91],{"class":78},[60,76269,60334],{"class":82},[60,76271,79],{"class":78},[60,76273,1525],{"class":74},[60,76275,76276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76277,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76281,140],{"class":139},[60,76283,124],{"class":74},[60,76285,1446],{"class":120},[60,76287,3812],{"class":74},[60,76289,1942],{"class":70},[60,76291,358],{"class":357},[60,76293,20335],{"class":74},[60,76295,76296],{"class":177},"    # last item\n",[60,76298,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,76300,140],{"class":139},[60,76302,124],{"class":74},[60,76304,1446],{"class":120},[60,76306,3812],{"class":74},[60,76308,1942],{"class":70},[60,76310,389],{"class":357},[60,76312,75801],{"class":74},[60,76314,76315],{"class":177},"   # last 3 items\n",[60,76317,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,76319,140],{"class":139},[60,76321,124],{"class":74},[60,76323,1446],{"class":120},[60,76325,75423],{"class":74},[60,76327,1942],{"class":70},[60,76329,358],{"class":357},[60,76331,20335],{"class":74},[60,76333,76334],{"class":177},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76336,404],{},[51,76338,76340],{"className":53,"code":76339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76341,76342,76347,76375],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76343,76344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76345,76346],{"class":66},"e\n",[60,76348,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76350,3812],{"class":74},[60,76352,205],{"class":78},[60,76354,1437],{"class":82},[60,76356,205],{"class":78},[60,76358,88],{"class":74},[60,76360,214],{"class":78},[60,76362,18658],{"class":82},[60,76364,205],{"class":78},[60,76366,88],{"class":74},[60,76368,214],{"class":78},[60,76370,60334],{"class":82},[60,76372,205],{"class":78},[60,76374,1525],{"class":74},[60,76376,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76378,3812],{"class":74},[60,76380,205],{"class":78},[60,76382,30],{"class":82},[60,76384,205],{"class":78},[60,76386,88],{"class":74},[60,76388,214],{"class":78},[60,76390,1428],{"class":82},[60,76392,205],{"class":78},[60,76394,88],{"class":74},[60,76396,214],{"class":78},[60,76398,1437],{"class":82},[60,76400,205],{"class":78},[60,76402,88],{"class":74},[60,76404,214],{"class":78},[60,76406,18658],{"class":82},[60,76408,205],{"class":78},[60,76410,1525],{"class":74},[20,76412,12946],{},[260,76414,76415,76418,76422,76428,76434],{},[263,76416,76417],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[263,76419,76420,76211],{},[15,76421,76210],{},[263,76423,76424,76427],{},[15,76425,76426],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[263,76429,76430,76433],{},[15,76431,76432],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[263,76435,76436,76437,1776,76439],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76438,35959],{},[15,76440,75314],{},[46,76442,76444],{"id":76443},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76446,1900,76447,76449],{},[15,76448,75317],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[260,76451,76452,76455,76458,76463,76473],{},[263,76453,76454],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[263,76456,76457],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[263,76459,76460,76462],{},[15,76461,75949],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[263,76464,1656,76465,76467,76468,76470,76471],{},[15,76466,75317],{}," is negative, ",[15,76469,35959],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76472,75314],{},[263,76474,76475,76477,76478],{},[15,76476,75317],{}," cannot be ",[15,76479,2039],{},[20,76481,76482],{},"Example with different step values:",[51,76484,76486],{"className":53,"code":76485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76487,76488,76520,76524,76541,76563,76582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76489,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76491,350],{"class":66},[60,76493,71],{"class":70},[60,76495,1512],{"class":74},[60,76497,2250],{"class":357},[60,76499,88],{"class":74},[60,76501,7702],{"class":357},[60,76503,88],{"class":74},[60,76505,7707],{"class":357},[60,76507,88],{"class":74},[60,76509,50729],{"class":357},[60,76511,88],{"class":74},[60,76513,4991],{"class":357},[60,76515,88],{"class":74},[60,76517,75988],{"class":357},[60,76519,1525],{"class":74},[60,76521,76522],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76523,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,76525,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76527,140],{"class":139},[60,76529,124],{"class":74},[60,76531,380],{"class":120},[60,76533,74010],{"class":74},[60,76535,1303],{"class":357},[60,76537,20335],{"class":74},[60,76539,76540],{"class":177},"     # every second item\n",[60,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76556,76558,76560],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,76544,140],{"class":139},[60,76546,124],{"class":74},[60,76548,380],{"class":120},[60,76550,3812],{"class":74},[60,76552,358],{"class":357},[60,76554,76555],{"class":74},"::",[60,76557,1303],{"class":357},[60,76559,20335],{"class":74},[60,76561,76562],{"class":177},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[60,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,76566,140],{"class":139},[60,76568,124],{"class":74},[60,76570,380],{"class":120},[60,76572,74010],{"class":74},[60,76574,1942],{"class":70},[60,76576,358],{"class":357},[60,76578,20335],{"class":74},[60,76580,76581],{"class":177},"    # reverse the list\n",[60,76583,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,76585,140],{"class":139},[60,76587,124],{"class":74},[60,76589,380],{"class":120},[60,76591,3812],{"class":74},[60,76593,2421],{"class":357},[60,76595,258],{"class":74},[60,76597,358],{"class":357},[60,76599,258],{"class":74},[60,76601,1942],{"class":70},[60,76603,358],{"class":357},[60,76605,20335],{"class":74},[60,76607,76608],{"class":177},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76610,404],{},[51,76612,76614],{"className":53,"code":76613,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76615,76616,76632,76648,76676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76617,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76619,3812],{"class":74},[60,76621,2250],{"class":357},[60,76623,88],{"class":74},[60,76625,7707],{"class":357},[60,76627,88],{"class":74},[60,76629,4991],{"class":357},[60,76631,1525],{"class":74},[60,76633,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76635,3812],{"class":74},[60,76637,15645],{"class":357},[60,76639,88],{"class":74},[60,76641,50729],{"class":357},[60,76643,88],{"class":74},[60,76645,75988],{"class":357},[60,76647,1525],{"class":74},[60,76649,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76651,3812],{"class":74},[60,76653,76167],{"class":357},[60,76655,88],{"class":74},[60,76657,4991],{"class":357},[60,76659,88],{"class":74},[60,76661,50729],{"class":357},[60,76663,88],{"class":74},[60,76665,7707],{"class":357},[60,76667,88],{"class":74},[60,76669,7702],{"class":357},[60,76671,88],{"class":74},[60,76673,5916],{"class":357},[60,76675,1525],{"class":74},[60,76677,76678,76680,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,76679,3812],{"class":74},[60,76681,76682],{"class":357},"50",[60,76684,88],{"class":74},[60,76686,50729],{"class":357},[60,76688,88],{"class":74},[60,76690,7707],{"class":357},[60,76692,1525],{"class":74},[20,76694,76695,76696,117],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[30,76697,76698],{"href":74694},"how to reverse a list in Python",[337,76700,76702],{"id":76701},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76704,1603],{},[51,76706,76708],{"className":53,"code":76707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76709,76710,76730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76711,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76713,350],{"class":66},[60,76715,71],{"class":70},[60,76717,1512],{"class":74},[60,76719,358],{"class":357},[60,76721,88],{"class":74},[60,76723,363],{"class":357},[60,76725,88],{"class":74},[60,76727,368],{"class":357},[60,76729,1525],{"class":74},[60,76731,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76733,140],{"class":139},[60,76735,124],{"class":74},[60,76737,380],{"class":120},[60,76739,74010],{"class":74},[60,76741,2039],{"class":357},[60,76743,1646],{"class":74},[20,76745,76746,76747,76749,76750,76752],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76748,40588],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76751,2039],{}," does not make sense.",[46,76754,76756],{"id":76755},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76758,76759],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[337,76761,76763],{"id":76762},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[51,76765,76767],{"className":53,"code":76766,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76768,76769,76793,76797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76770,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76772,350],{"class":66},[60,76774,71],{"class":70},[60,76776,1512],{"class":74},[60,76778,2250],{"class":357},[60,76780,88],{"class":74},[60,76782,7702],{"class":357},[60,76784,88],{"class":74},[60,76786,7707],{"class":357},[60,76788,88],{"class":74},[60,76790,50729],{"class":357},[60,76792,1525],{"class":74},[60,76794,76795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76796,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,76798,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76800,140],{"class":139},[60,76802,124],{"class":74},[60,76804,380],{"class":120},[60,76806,3812],{"class":74},[60,76808,1303],{"class":357},[60,76810,1646],{"class":74},[20,76812,404],{},[51,76814,76815],{"className":53,"code":69728,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,76816,76817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76818,76819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76820,69728],{"class":357},[337,76822,76824],{"id":76823},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[51,76826,76828],{"className":53,"code":76827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76829,76830,76854,76858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76831,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76833,350],{"class":66},[60,76835,71],{"class":70},[60,76837,1512],{"class":74},[60,76839,2250],{"class":357},[60,76841,88],{"class":74},[60,76843,7702],{"class":357},[60,76845,88],{"class":74},[60,76847,7707],{"class":357},[60,76849,88],{"class":74},[60,76851,50729],{"class":357},[60,76853,1525],{"class":74},[60,76855,76856],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76857,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,76859,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76861,140],{"class":139},[60,76863,124],{"class":74},[60,76865,380],{"class":120},[60,76867,3812],{"class":74},[60,76869,1303],{"class":357},[60,76871,258],{"class":74},[60,76873,389],{"class":357},[60,76875,1646],{"class":74},[20,76877,404],{},[51,76879,76881],{"className":53,"code":76880,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30]\n",[15,76882,76883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76884,76885,76887,76889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76886,3812],{"class":74},[60,76888,36725],{"class":357},[60,76890,1525],{"class":74},[20,76892,13654],{},[260,76894,76895,76901],{},[263,76896,76897,76900],{},[15,76898,76899],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[263,76902,76903,76906],{},[15,76904,76905],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76908,76909],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[260,76911,76912,76915],{},[263,76913,76914],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[263,76916,76917],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76919,2127],{},[51,76921,76923],{"className":53,"code":76922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76924,76925,76945,76949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76926,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76928,350],{"class":66},[60,76930,71],{"class":70},[60,76932,1512],{"class":74},[60,76934,2250],{"class":357},[60,76936,88],{"class":74},[60,76938,7702],{"class":357},[60,76940,88],{"class":74},[60,76942,7707],{"class":357},[60,76944,1525],{"class":74},[60,76946,76947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76948,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,76950,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,76952,140],{"class":139},[60,76954,124],{"class":74},[60,76956,380],{"class":120},[60,76958,3812],{"class":74},[60,76960,2056],{"class":357},[60,76962,258],{"class":74},[60,76964,2250],{"class":357},[60,76966,1646],{"class":74},[20,76968,404],{},[51,76970,76971],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,76972,76973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76974,76975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76976,38181],{"class":74},[20,76978,76979],{},"But this would raise an error:",[51,76981,76983],{"className":53,"code":76982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76984,76985,77005,77009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76988,350],{"class":66},[60,76990,71],{"class":70},[60,76992,1512],{"class":74},[60,76994,2250],{"class":357},[60,76996,88],{"class":74},[60,76998,7702],{"class":357},[60,77000,88],{"class":74},[60,77002,7707],{"class":357},[60,77004,1525],{"class":74},[60,77006,77007],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77008,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,77010,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77012,140],{"class":139},[60,77014,124],{"class":74},[60,77016,380],{"class":120},[60,77018,3812],{"class":74},[60,77020,2056],{"class":357},[60,77022,1646],{"class":74},[20,77024,77025,77026,117],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[30,77027,69147],{"href":69146},[46,77029,15068],{"id":77030},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77032,77033],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[260,77035,77036,77040,77042,77045,77051],{},[263,77037,4615,77038,75629],{},[15,77039,75314],{},[263,77041,60579],{},[263,77043,77044],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[263,77046,1391,77047,1394,77049],{},[15,77048,75949],{},[15,77050,73414],{},[263,77052,77053,77054,77056],{},"Using step ",[15,77055,2039],{},", which causes an error",[337,77058,77060],{"id":77059},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[51,77062,77064],{"className":53,"code":77063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77065,77066,77094],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77067,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77069,350],{"class":66},[60,77071,71],{"class":70},[60,77073,1512],{"class":74},[60,77075,2250],{"class":357},[60,77077,88],{"class":74},[60,77079,7702],{"class":357},[60,77081,88],{"class":74},[60,77083,7707],{"class":357},[60,77085,88],{"class":74},[60,77087,50729],{"class":357},[60,77089,88],{"class":74},[60,77091,4991],{"class":357},[60,77093,1525],{"class":74},[60,77095,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77097,140],{"class":139},[60,77099,124],{"class":74},[60,77101,380],{"class":120},[60,77103,3812],{"class":74},[60,77105,358],{"class":357},[60,77107,258],{"class":74},[60,77109,2421],{"class":357},[60,77111,1646],{"class":74},[20,77113,77114],{},"This returns:",[51,77116,77118],{"className":53,"code":77117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77119,77120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77123,3812],{"class":74},[60,77125,15645],{"class":357},[60,77127,88],{"class":74},[60,77129,7707],{"class":357},[60,77131,88],{"class":74},[60,77133,50729],{"class":357},[60,77135,1525],{"class":74},[20,77137,40790,77138,77140,77141,77143,77144,117],{},[41,77139,43],{}," include ",[15,77142,76682],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77145,2421],{},[337,77147,77149],{"id":77148},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77151,1498],{},[51,77153,77155],{"className":53,"code":77154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77156,77157,77177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77158,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77160,350],{"class":66},[60,77162,71],{"class":70},[60,77164,1512],{"class":74},[60,77166,2250],{"class":357},[60,77168,88],{"class":74},[60,77170,7702],{"class":357},[60,77172,88],{"class":74},[60,77174,7707],{"class":357},[60,77176,1525],{"class":74},[60,77178,77179],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77180,77181],{"class":177},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77183,77184],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[51,77186,77188],{"className":53,"code":77187,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77189,77190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77191,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77193,140],{"class":139},[60,77195,124],{"class":74},[60,77197,380],{"class":120},[60,77199,3812],{"class":74},[60,77201,358],{"class":357},[60,77203,258],{"class":74},[60,77205,389],{"class":357},[60,77207,1646],{"class":74},[337,77209,77211],{"id":77210},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77213,77214],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[51,77216,77218],{"className":53,"code":77217,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77219,77220,77244,77258,77262,77272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77221,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77223,350],{"class":66},[60,77225,71],{"class":70},[60,77227,1512],{"class":74},[60,77229,2250],{"class":357},[60,77231,88],{"class":74},[60,77233,7702],{"class":357},[60,77235,88],{"class":74},[60,77237,7707],{"class":357},[60,77239,88],{"class":74},[60,77241,50729],{"class":357},[60,77243,1525],{"class":74},[60,77245,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77247,75547],{"class":66},[60,77249,71],{"class":70},[60,77251,1294],{"class":66},[60,77253,75423],{"class":74},[60,77255,1303],{"class":357},[60,77257,1525],{"class":74},[60,77259,77260],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77261,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,77263,77264,77266,77268,77270],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,77265,140],{"class":139},[60,77267,124],{"class":74},[60,77269,75570],{"class":120},[60,77271,133],{"class":74},[60,77273,77274,77276,77278,77280],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,77275,140],{"class":139},[60,77277,124],{"class":74},[60,77279,380],{"class":120},[60,77281,133],{"class":74},[20,77283,404],{},[51,77285,77287],{"className":53,"code":77286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77288,77289,77301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77290,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77292,3812],{"class":74},[60,77294,2250],{"class":357},[60,77296,88],{"class":74},[60,77298,7702],{"class":357},[60,77300,1525],{"class":74},[60,77302,77303,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77304,3812],{"class":74},[60,77306,2250],{"class":357},[60,77308,88],{"class":74},[60,77310,7702],{"class":357},[60,77312,88],{"class":74},[60,77314,7707],{"class":357},[60,77316,88],{"class":74},[60,77318,50729],{"class":357},[60,77320,1525],{"class":74},[20,77322,77323],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[337,77325,77327,77328,1394,77330],{"id":77326},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77329,75949],{},[15,77331,73414],{},[51,77333,77335],{"className":53,"code":77334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77336,77337,77357,77361,77378,77389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77340,350],{"class":66},[60,77342,71],{"class":70},[60,77344,1512],{"class":74},[60,77346,2250],{"class":357},[60,77348,88],{"class":74},[60,77350,7702],{"class":357},[60,77352,88],{"class":74},[60,77354,7707],{"class":357},[60,77356,1525],{"class":74},[60,77358,77359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77360,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,77362,77363,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77364,77365],{"class":66},"reversed_copy ",[60,77367,71],{"class":70},[60,77369,1294],{"class":66},[60,77371,74010],{"class":74},[60,77373,1942],{"class":70},[60,77375,358],{"class":357},[60,77377,1525],{"class":74},[60,77379,77380,77382,77384,77387],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,77381,140],{"class":139},[60,77383,124],{"class":74},[60,77385,77386],{"class":120},"reversed_copy",[60,77388,133],{"class":74},[60,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,77392,140],{"class":139},[60,77394,124],{"class":74},[60,77396,380],{"class":120},[60,77398,133],{"class":74},[20,77400,404],{},[51,77402,77404],{"className":53,"code":77403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77405,77406,77422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77407,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77409,3812],{"class":74},[60,77411,36725],{"class":357},[60,77413,88],{"class":74},[60,77415,7702],{"class":357},[60,77417,88],{"class":74},[60,77419,5916],{"class":357},[60,77421,1525],{"class":74},[60,77423,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77425,3812],{"class":74},[60,77427,2250],{"class":357},[60,77429,88],{"class":74},[60,77431,7702],{"class":357},[60,77433,88],{"class":74},[60,77435,7707],{"class":357},[60,77437,1525],{"class":74},[20,77439,77440,77443],{},[15,77441,77442],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77445,77446,77447,77450],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77448,77449],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[337,77452,77454],{"id":77453},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77456,77457],{},"This is not allowed:",[51,77459,77461],{"className":53,"code":77460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77462,77463,77483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77466,350],{"class":66},[60,77468,71],{"class":70},[60,77470,1512],{"class":74},[60,77472,2250],{"class":357},[60,77474,88],{"class":74},[60,77476,7702],{"class":357},[60,77478,88],{"class":74},[60,77480,7707],{"class":357},[60,77482,1525],{"class":74},[60,77484,77485],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77486,77487],{"class":177},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77489,77490,77491,117],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77492,40588],{},[46,77494,77496],{"id":77495},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77498,77499],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[260,77501,77502,77509,77515,77518,77521],{},[263,77503,1391,77504,1776,77506,77508],{},[15,77505,35959],{},[15,77507,75314],{}," positions",[263,77510,77511,77512,77514],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77513,75314],{}," index is included",[263,77516,77517],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[263,77519,77520],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[263,77522,77523],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77525,77526],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[51,77528,77530],{"className":53,"code":77529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77531,77532,77542,77556,77574,77588,77605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77535,140],{"class":139},[60,77537,124],{"class":74},[60,77539,8252],{"class":120},[60,77541,133],{"class":74},[60,77543,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77545,140],{"class":139},[60,77547,124],{"class":74},[60,77549,11064],{"class":139},[60,77551,124],{"class":74},[60,77553,8252],{"class":120},[60,77555,1691],{"class":74},[60,77557,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77559,140],{"class":139},[60,77561,124],{"class":74},[60,77563,8252],{"class":120},[60,77565,3812],{"class":74},[60,77567,358],{"class":357},[60,77569,258],{"class":74},[60,77571,2421],{"class":357},[60,77573,1646],{"class":74},[60,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,77577,140],{"class":139},[60,77579,124],{"class":74},[60,77581,8252],{"class":120},[60,77583,75423],{"class":74},[60,77585,389],{"class":357},[60,77587,1646],{"class":74},[60,77589,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,77591,140],{"class":139},[60,77593,124],{"class":74},[60,77595,8252],{"class":120},[60,77597,3812],{"class":74},[60,77599,1942],{"class":70},[60,77601,389],{"class":357},[60,77603,77604],{"class":74},":])\n",[60,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,77608,140],{"class":139},[60,77610,124],{"class":74},[60,77612,8252],{"class":120},[60,77614,74010],{"class":74},[60,77616,1942],{"class":70},[60,77618,358],{"class":357},[60,77620,1646],{"class":74},[20,77622,8331,77623,77625,77626,77630],{},[15,77624,42245],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[30,77627,77629],{"href":77628},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[46,77632,1746],{"id":1745},[337,77634,77636],{"id":77635},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77638,77639],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[337,77641,77643],{"id":77642},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77645,77646],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[337,77648,1760,77650,39845],{"id":77649},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77651,75949],{},[20,77653,77654],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[337,77656,77658,77659,1779],{"id":77657},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77660,70619],{},[20,77662,77663],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[46,77665,1808],{"id":1807},[260,77667,77668,77673,77678,77682,77686,77690],{},[263,77669,77670],{},[30,77671,77672],{"href":50865},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[263,77674,77675],{},[30,77676,77677],{"href":57039},"How to create a list in Python",[263,77679,77680],{},[30,77681,14856],{"href":57105},[263,77683,77684],{},[30,77685,74695],{"href":74694},[263,77687,77688],{},[30,77689,77629],{"href":77628},[263,77691,77692],{},[30,77693,69147],{"href":69146},[20,77695,77696,77697,77699],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77698,42245],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1841,77701,77702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":77704},[77705,77706,77707,77708,77709,77710,77713,77717,77725,77726,77734],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":75478,"depth":111,"text":75479},{"id":75641,"depth":111,"text":75642},{"id":75903,"depth":111,"text":75904},{"id":76197,"depth":111,"text":76198},{"id":76443,"depth":111,"text":76444,"children":77711},[77712],{"id":76701,"depth":136,"text":76702},{"id":76755,"depth":111,"text":76756,"children":77714},[77715,77716],{"id":76762,"depth":136,"text":76763},{"id":76823,"depth":136,"text":76824},{"id":77030,"depth":111,"text":15068,"children":77718},[77719,77720,77721,77722,77724],{"id":77059,"depth":136,"text":77060},{"id":77148,"depth":136,"text":77149},{"id":77210,"depth":136,"text":77211},{"id":77326,"depth":136,"text":77723},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77453,"depth":136,"text":77454},{"id":77495,"depth":111,"text":77496},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":77727},[77728,77729,77730,77732],{"id":77635,"depth":136,"text":77636},{"id":77642,"depth":136,"text":77643},{"id":77649,"depth":136,"text":77731},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77657,"depth":136,"text":77733},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75301,"description":77735},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77742,"title":77743,"body":77744,"description":79813,"extension":1883,"meta":79814,"navigation":152,"path":79815,"seo":79816,"stem":79817,"__hash__":79818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77745,"toc":79779},[77746,77751,77757,77763,77765,77812,77819,77824,77828,77843,77846,77899,77901,77926,77931,77933,77965,77968,77984,77986,78047,78049,78074,78078,78083,78136,78138,78163,78168,78229,78231,78256,78259,78266,78270,78273,78334,78336,78369,78372,78433,78435,78468,78474,78547,78549,78581,78588,78593,78598,78600,78612,78615,78693,78695,78736,78739,78813,78815,78848,78853,78860,78867,78871,78880,78884,78892,78894,78961,78963,78999,79004,79015,79017,79022,79027,79029,79092,79094,79119,79126,79131,79135,79138,79178,79183,79189,79194,79196,79223,79228,79231,79278,79280,79337,79344,79349,79355,79424,79428,79431,79494,79496,79529,79534,79536,79539,79620,79622,79646,79652,79654,79659,79663,79670,79678,79682,79684,79707,79711,79713,79740,79743,79750,79753,79755,79776],[10,77747,54228,77749,18],{"id":77748},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77750,64199],{},[20,77752,77753,77756],{},[15,77754,77755],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77758,77759,77760,77762],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77761,64199],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[46,77764,49],{"id":48},[51,77766,77768],{"className":53,"code":77767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77769,77770,77790,77800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77771,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77773,350],{"class":66},[60,77775,71],{"class":70},[60,77777,1512],{"class":74},[60,77779,389],{"class":357},[60,77781,88],{"class":74},[60,77783,5408],{"class":357},[60,77785,88],{"class":74},[60,77787,363],{"class":357},[60,77789,1525],{"class":74},[60,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77793,380],{"class":66},[60,77795,117],{"class":74},[60,77797,34684],{"class":120},[60,77799,8555],{"class":74},[60,77801,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77803,140],{"class":139},[60,77805,124],{"class":74},[60,77807,380],{"class":120},[60,77809,174],{"class":74},[60,77811,54818],{"class":177},[20,77813,243,77814,77816,77817,117],{},[15,77815,77755],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77818,277],{},[46,77820,250,77822,253],{"id":77821},"what-listsort-does",[15,77823,77755],{},[20,77825,77826,258],{},[15,77827,77755],{},[260,77829,77830,77833,77836,77840],{},[263,77831,77832],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[263,77834,77835],{},"Changes the original list",[263,77837,274,77838],{},[15,77839,277],{},[263,77841,77842],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77844,77845],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[51,77847,77849],{"className":53,"code":77848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77850,77851,77875,77885,77889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77852,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77854,350],{"class":66},[60,77856,71],{"class":70},[60,77858,1512],{"class":74},[60,77860,2056],{"class":357},[60,77862,88],{"class":74},[60,77864,363],{"class":357},[60,77866,88],{"class":74},[60,77868,54022],{"class":357},[60,77870,88],{"class":74},[60,77872,5408],{"class":357},[60,77874,1525],{"class":74},[60,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77878,380],{"class":66},[60,77880,117],{"class":74},[60,77882,34684],{"class":120},[60,77884,8555],{"class":74},[60,77886,77887],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,77888,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,77890,77891,77893,77895,77897],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,77892,140],{"class":139},[60,77894,124],{"class":74},[60,77896,380],{"class":120},[60,77898,133],{"class":74},[20,77900,404],{},[51,77902,77904],{"className":53,"code":77903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77905,77906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77907,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77909,3812],{"class":74},[60,77911,358],{"class":357},[60,77913,88],{"class":74},[60,77915,363],{"class":357},[60,77917,88],{"class":74},[60,77919,4516],{"class":357},[60,77921,88],{"class":74},[60,77923,54022],{"class":357},[60,77925,1525],{"class":74},[20,77927,77928,77929,117],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[30,77930,66965],{"href":50865},[46,77932,296],{"id":295},[51,77934,77936],{"className":53,"code":77935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77937,77938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77939,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77959,77961,77963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77941,8252],{"class":66},[60,77943,117],{"class":74},[60,77945,34684],{"class":120},[60,77947,124],{"class":74},[60,77949,14732],{"class":9084},[60,77951,71],{"class":70},[60,77953,277],{"class":734},[60,77955,88],{"class":74},[60,77957,77958],{"class":9084}," reverse",[60,77960,71],{"class":70},[60,77962,3588],{"class":734},[60,77964,133],{"class":74},[20,77966,77967],{},"Main arguments:",[260,77969,77970,77975,77981],{},[263,77971,77972,77974],{},[15,77973,14732],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[263,77976,77977,77980],{},[15,77978,77979],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[263,77982,77983],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77985,2127],{},[51,77987,77989],{"className":53,"code":77988,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77990,77991,78015,78033,78037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77992,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77994,350],{"class":66},[60,77996,71],{"class":70},[60,77998,1512],{"class":74},[60,78000,2421],{"class":357},[60,78002,88],{"class":74},[60,78004,5408],{"class":357},[60,78006,88],{"class":74},[60,78008,5905],{"class":357},[60,78010,88],{"class":74},[60,78012,363],{"class":357},[60,78014,1525],{"class":74},[60,78016,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78018,380],{"class":66},[60,78020,117],{"class":74},[60,78022,34684],{"class":120},[60,78024,124],{"class":74},[60,78026,73465],{"class":9084},[60,78028,71],{"class":70},[60,78030,3520],{"class":734},[60,78032,133],{"class":74},[60,78034,78035],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78036,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78038,78039,78041,78043,78045],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78040,140],{"class":139},[60,78042,124],{"class":74},[60,78044,380],{"class":120},[60,78046,133],{"class":74},[20,78048,404],{},[51,78050,78052],{"className":53,"code":78051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78053,78054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78055,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78057,3812],{"class":74},[60,78059,1945],{"class":357},[60,78061,88],{"class":74},[60,78063,373],{"class":357},[60,78065,88],{"class":74},[60,78067,363],{"class":357},[60,78069,88],{"class":74},[60,78071,5408],{"class":357},[60,78073,1525],{"class":74},[46,78075,78077],{"id":78076},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78079,243,78080,78082],{},[15,78081,64199],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[51,78084,78086],{"className":53,"code":78085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78087,78088,78112,78122,78126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78089,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78091,350],{"class":66},[60,78093,71],{"class":70},[60,78095,1512],{"class":74},[60,78097,2250],{"class":357},[60,78099,88],{"class":74},[60,78101,368],{"class":357},[60,78103,88],{"class":74},[60,78105,6271],{"class":357},[60,78107,88],{"class":74},[60,78109,5408],{"class":357},[60,78111,1525],{"class":74},[60,78113,78114,78116,78118,78120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78115,380],{"class":66},[60,78117,117],{"class":74},[60,78119,34684],{"class":120},[60,78121,8555],{"class":74},[60,78123,78124],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78125,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78127,78128,78130,78132,78134],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78129,140],{"class":139},[60,78131,124],{"class":74},[60,78133,380],{"class":120},[60,78135,133],{"class":74},[20,78137,404],{},[51,78139,78141],{"className":53,"code":78140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78142,78143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78144,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78146,3812],{"class":74},[60,78148,358],{"class":357},[60,78150,88],{"class":74},[60,78152,368],{"class":357},[60,78154,88],{"class":74},[60,78156,6271],{"class":357},[60,78158,88],{"class":74},[60,78160,5916],{"class":357},[60,78162,1525],{"class":74},[20,78164,243,78165,78167],{},[15,78166,77979],{}," for descending order:",[51,78169,78171],{"className":53,"code":78170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78172,78173,78197,78215,78219],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78176,350],{"class":66},[60,78178,71],{"class":70},[60,78180,1512],{"class":74},[60,78182,2250],{"class":357},[60,78184,88],{"class":74},[60,78186,368],{"class":357},[60,78188,88],{"class":74},[60,78190,6271],{"class":357},[60,78192,88],{"class":74},[60,78194,5408],{"class":357},[60,78196,1525],{"class":74},[60,78198,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78200,380],{"class":66},[60,78202,117],{"class":74},[60,78204,34684],{"class":120},[60,78206,124],{"class":74},[60,78208,73465],{"class":9084},[60,78210,71],{"class":70},[60,78212,3520],{"class":734},[60,78214,133],{"class":74},[60,78216,78217],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78218,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78222,140],{"class":139},[60,78224,124],{"class":74},[60,78226,380],{"class":120},[60,78228,133],{"class":74},[20,78230,404],{},[51,78232,78234],{"className":53,"code":78233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78235,78236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78239,3812],{"class":74},[60,78241,2250],{"class":357},[60,78243,88],{"class":74},[60,78245,6271],{"class":357},[60,78247,88],{"class":74},[60,78249,368],{"class":357},[60,78251,88],{"class":74},[60,78253,5408],{"class":357},[60,78255,1525],{"class":74},[20,78257,78258],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78260,78261,78262,117],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[30,78263,78265],{"href":78264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[46,78267,78269],{"id":78268},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78271,78272],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[51,78274,78276],{"className":53,"code":78275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78277,78278,78310,78320,78324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78279,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78281,3983],{"class":66},[60,78283,71],{"class":70},[60,78285,1512],{"class":74},[60,78287,79],{"class":78},[60,78289,504],{"class":82},[60,78291,79],{"class":78},[60,78293,88],{"class":74},[60,78295,91],{"class":78},[60,78297,495],{"class":82},[60,78299,79],{"class":78},[60,78301,88],{"class":74},[60,78303,91],{"class":78},[60,78305,4008],{"class":82},[60,78307,79],{"class":78},[60,78309,1525],{"class":74},[60,78311,78312,78314,78316,78318],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78313,4025],{"class":66},[60,78315,117],{"class":74},[60,78317,34684],{"class":120},[60,78319,8555],{"class":74},[60,78321,78322],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78323,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78325,78326,78328,78330,78332],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78327,140],{"class":139},[60,78329,124],{"class":74},[60,78331,4025],{"class":120},[60,78333,133],{"class":74},[20,78335,404],{},[51,78337,78339],{"className":53,"code":78338,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78340,78341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78342,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78344,3812],{"class":74},[60,78346,205],{"class":78},[60,78348,495],{"class":82},[60,78350,205],{"class":78},[60,78352,88],{"class":74},[60,78354,214],{"class":78},[60,78356,504],{"class":82},[60,78358,205],{"class":78},[60,78360,88],{"class":74},[60,78362,214],{"class":78},[60,78364,4008],{"class":82},[60,78366,205],{"class":78},[60,78368,1525],{"class":74},[20,78370,78371],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[51,78373,78375],{"className":53,"code":78374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78376,78377,78409,78419,78423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78378,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78380,3983],{"class":66},[60,78382,71],{"class":70},[60,78384,1512],{"class":74},[60,78386,79],{"class":78},[60,78388,504],{"class":82},[60,78390,79],{"class":78},[60,78392,88],{"class":74},[60,78394,91],{"class":78},[60,78396,57654],{"class":82},[60,78398,79],{"class":78},[60,78400,88],{"class":74},[60,78402,91],{"class":78},[60,78404,4008],{"class":82},[60,78406,79],{"class":78},[60,78408,1525],{"class":74},[60,78410,78411,78413,78415,78417],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78412,4025],{"class":66},[60,78414,117],{"class":74},[60,78416,34684],{"class":120},[60,78418,8555],{"class":74},[60,78420,78421],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78422,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78424,78425,78427,78429,78431],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78426,140],{"class":139},[60,78428,124],{"class":74},[60,78430,4025],{"class":120},[60,78432,133],{"class":74},[20,78434,404],{},[51,78436,78438],{"className":53,"code":78437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78439,78440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78443,3812],{"class":74},[60,78445,205],{"class":78},[60,78447,57654],{"class":82},[60,78449,205],{"class":78},[60,78451,88],{"class":74},[60,78453,214],{"class":78},[60,78455,504],{"class":82},[60,78457,205],{"class":78},[60,78459,88],{"class":74},[60,78461,214],{"class":78},[60,78463,4008],{"class":82},[60,78465,205],{"class":78},[60,78467,1525],{"class":74},[20,78469,78470,78471,258],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78472,78473],{},"key=str.lower",[51,78475,78477],{"className":53,"code":78476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78478,78479,78511,78533,78537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78482,3983],{"class":66},[60,78484,71],{"class":70},[60,78486,1512],{"class":74},[60,78488,79],{"class":78},[60,78490,504],{"class":82},[60,78492,79],{"class":78},[60,78494,88],{"class":74},[60,78496,91],{"class":78},[60,78498,57654],{"class":82},[60,78500,79],{"class":78},[60,78502,88],{"class":74},[60,78504,91],{"class":78},[60,78506,4008],{"class":82},[60,78508,79],{"class":78},[60,78510,1525],{"class":74},[60,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78514,4025],{"class":66},[60,78516,117],{"class":74},[60,78518,34684],{"class":120},[60,78520,124],{"class":74},[60,78522,14732],{"class":9084},[60,78524,71],{"class":70},[60,78526,3358],{"class":1683},[60,78528,117],{"class":74},[60,78530,8552],{"class":1723},[60,78532,133],{"class":74},[60,78534,78535],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78536,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78538,78539,78541,78543,78545],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78540,140],{"class":139},[60,78542,124],{"class":74},[60,78544,4025],{"class":120},[60,78546,133],{"class":74},[20,78548,404],{},[51,78550,78551],{"className":53,"code":78437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,78552,78553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78554,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78556,3812],{"class":74},[60,78558,205],{"class":78},[60,78560,57654],{"class":82},[60,78562,205],{"class":78},[60,78564,88],{"class":74},[60,78566,214],{"class":78},[60,78568,504],{"class":82},[60,78570,205],{"class":78},[60,78572,88],{"class":74},[60,78574,214],{"class":78},[60,78576,4008],{"class":82},[60,78578,205],{"class":78},[60,78580,1525],{"class":74},[20,78582,78583,78584,78587],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78585,78586],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[46,78589,36496,78591,36499],{"id":78590},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78592,14732],{},[20,78594,1900,78595,78597],{},[15,78596,14732],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78599,7254],{},[260,78601,78602,78607],{},[263,78603,78604,78606],{},[15,78605,11064],{}," to sort by length",[263,78608,78609,78611],{},[15,78610,78586],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78613,78614],{},"Sort words by length:",[51,78616,78618],{"className":53,"code":78617,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78619,78620,78661,78679,78683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78623,3983],{"class":66},[60,78625,71],{"class":70},[60,78627,1512],{"class":74},[60,78629,79],{"class":78},[60,78631,78632],{"class":82},"pear",[60,78634,79],{"class":78},[60,78636,88],{"class":74},[60,78638,91],{"class":78},[60,78640,504],{"class":82},[60,78642,79],{"class":78},[60,78644,88],{"class":74},[60,78646,91],{"class":78},[60,78648,38242],{"class":82},[60,78650,79],{"class":78},[60,78652,88],{"class":74},[60,78654,91],{"class":78},[60,78656,495],{"class":82},[60,78658,79],{"class":78},[60,78660,1525],{"class":74},[60,78662,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78664,4025],{"class":66},[60,78666,117],{"class":74},[60,78668,34684],{"class":120},[60,78670,124],{"class":74},[60,78672,14732],{"class":9084},[60,78674,71],{"class":70},[60,78676,11064],{"class":139},[60,78678,133],{"class":74},[60,78680,78681],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78682,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78684,78685,78687,78689,78691],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78686,140],{"class":139},[60,78688,124],{"class":74},[60,78690,4025],{"class":120},[60,78692,133],{"class":74},[20,78694,404],{},[51,78696,78698],{"className":53,"code":78697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78699,78700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78701,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78703,3812],{"class":74},[60,78705,205],{"class":78},[60,78707,38242],{"class":82},[60,78709,205],{"class":78},[60,78711,88],{"class":74},[60,78713,214],{"class":78},[60,78715,78632],{"class":82},[60,78717,205],{"class":78},[60,78719,88],{"class":74},[60,78721,214],{"class":78},[60,78723,495],{"class":82},[60,78725,205],{"class":78},[60,78727,88],{"class":74},[60,78729,214],{"class":78},[60,78731,504],{"class":82},[60,78733,205],{"class":78},[60,78735,1525],{"class":74},[20,78737,78738],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[51,78740,78742],{"className":53,"code":78741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78743,78744,78777,78799,78803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78745,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78773,78775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78747,3983],{"class":66},[60,78749,71],{"class":70},[60,78751,1512],{"class":74},[60,78753,79],{"class":78},[60,78755,4923],{"class":82},[60,78757,79],{"class":78},[60,78759,88],{"class":74},[60,78761,91],{"class":78},[60,78763,17693],{"class":82},[60,78765,79],{"class":78},[60,78767,88],{"class":74},[60,78769,91],{"class":78},[60,78771,78772],{"class":82},"Carol",[60,78774,79],{"class":78},[60,78776,1525],{"class":74},[60,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78780,4025],{"class":66},[60,78782,117],{"class":74},[60,78784,34684],{"class":120},[60,78786,124],{"class":74},[60,78788,14732],{"class":9084},[60,78790,71],{"class":70},[60,78792,3358],{"class":1683},[60,78794,117],{"class":74},[60,78796,8552],{"class":1723},[60,78798,133],{"class":74},[60,78800,78801],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78802,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78804,78805,78807,78809,78811],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78806,140],{"class":139},[60,78808,124],{"class":74},[60,78810,4025],{"class":120},[60,78812,133],{"class":74},[20,78814,404],{},[51,78816,78818],{"className":53,"code":78817,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78819,78820],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78821,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78823,3812],{"class":74},[60,78825,205],{"class":78},[60,78827,17693],{"class":82},[60,78829,205],{"class":78},[60,78831,88],{"class":74},[60,78833,214],{"class":78},[60,78835,4923],{"class":82},[60,78837,205],{"class":78},[60,78839,88],{"class":74},[60,78841,214],{"class":78},[60,78843,78772],{"class":82},[60,78845,205],{"class":78},[60,78847,1525],{"class":74},[20,78849,1900,78850,78852],{},[15,78851,14732],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[46,78854,78856,474,78858],{"id":78855},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78857,77755],{},[15,78859,74312],{},[20,78861,78862,1776,78864,78866],{},[15,78863,77755],{},[15,78865,74312],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78868,78869,258],{},[15,78870,77755],{},[260,78872,78873,78876],{},[263,78874,78875],{},"Changes the existing list",[263,78877,274,78878],{},[15,78879,277],{},[20,78881,78882,258],{},[15,78883,74312],{},[260,78885,78886,78889],{},[263,78887,78888],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[263,78890,78891],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78893,2127],{},[51,78895,78897],{"className":53,"code":78896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78898,78899,78919,78923,78937,78941,78951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78902,350],{"class":66},[60,78904,71],{"class":70},[60,78906,1512],{"class":74},[60,78908,389],{"class":357},[60,78910,88],{"class":74},[60,78912,5408],{"class":357},[60,78914,88],{"class":74},[60,78916,363],{"class":357},[60,78918,1525],{"class":74},[60,78920,78921],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78922,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78924,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,78926,55775],{"class":66},[60,78928,71],{"class":70},[60,78930,74446],{"class":139},[60,78932,124],{"class":74},[60,78934,380],{"class":120},[60,78936,133],{"class":74},[60,78938,78939],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,78940,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,78942,78943,78945,78947,78949],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,78944,140],{"class":139},[60,78946,124],{"class":74},[60,78948,380],{"class":120},[60,78950,133],{"class":74},[60,78952,78953,78955,78957,78959],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,78954,140],{"class":139},[60,78956,124],{"class":74},[60,78958,74169],{"class":120},[60,78960,133],{"class":74},[20,78962,404],{},[51,78964,78965],{"className":53,"code":74481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,78966,78967,78983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78968,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78970,3812],{"class":74},[60,78972,389],{"class":357},[60,78974,88],{"class":74},[60,78976,5408],{"class":357},[60,78978,88],{"class":74},[60,78980,363],{"class":357},[60,78982,1525],{"class":74},[60,78984,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78986,3812],{"class":74},[60,78988,358],{"class":357},[60,78990,88],{"class":74},[60,78992,363],{"class":357},[60,78994,88],{"class":74},[60,78996,368],{"class":357},[60,78998,1525],{"class":74},[20,79000,243,79001,79003],{},[15,79002,74312],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79005,79006,79007,1776,79011,117],{},"You can learn more in ",[30,79008,3491,79009,5694],{"href":74409},[15,79010,74312],{},[30,79012,79014],{"href":79013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[46,79016,1245],{"id":1244},[20,79018,79019,79020,117],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79021,77755],{},[337,79023,12489,79025],{"id":79024},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79026,64199],{},[20,79028,25576],{},[51,79030,79032],{"className":53,"code":79031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79033,79034,79054,79068,79072,79082],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79037,350],{"class":66},[60,79039,71],{"class":70},[60,79041,1512],{"class":74},[60,79043,389],{"class":357},[60,79045,88],{"class":74},[60,79047,5408],{"class":357},[60,79049,88],{"class":74},[60,79051,363],{"class":357},[60,79053,1525],{"class":74},[60,79055,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79057,688],{"class":66},[60,79059,71],{"class":70},[60,79061,1294],{"class":66},[60,79063,117],{"class":74},[60,79065,34684],{"class":120},[60,79067,8555],{"class":74},[60,79069,79070],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79071,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,79073,79074,79076,79078,79080],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,79075,140],{"class":139},[60,79077,124],{"class":74},[60,79079,720],{"class":120},[60,79081,133],{"class":74},[60,79083,79084,79086,79088,79090],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,79085,140],{"class":139},[60,79087,124],{"class":74},[60,79089,380],{"class":120},[60,79091,133],{"class":74},[20,79093,404],{},[51,79095,79097],{"className":53,"code":79096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79098,79099,79103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79100,79101],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79102,727],{"class":734},[60,79104,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79106,3812],{"class":74},[60,79108,358],{"class":357},[60,79110,88],{"class":74},[60,79112,363],{"class":357},[60,79114,88],{"class":74},[60,79116,368],{"class":357},[60,79118,1525],{"class":74},[20,79120,79121,79123,79124,117],{},[15,79122,64199],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79125,277],{},[20,79127,79128,79129,6542],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79130,74312],{},[337,79132,79134],{"id":79133},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79136,79137],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[51,79139,79141],{"className":53,"code":79140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79142,79143,79168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79160,79162,79164,79166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79146,486],{"class":66},[60,79148,71],{"class":70},[60,79150,1512],{"class":74},[60,79152,358],{"class":357},[60,79154,88],{"class":74},[60,79156,91],{"class":78},[60,79158,79159],{"class":82},"two",[60,79161,79],{"class":78},[60,79163,88],{"class":74},[60,79165,368],{"class":357},[60,79167,1525],{"class":74},[60,79169,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79171,517],{"class":66},[60,79173,117],{"class":74},[60,79175,34684],{"class":120},[60,79177,8555],{"class":74},[20,79179,2916,79180,79182],{},[15,79181,2919],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[337,79184,4615,79186,79188],{"id":79185},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79187,64199],{}," only works on lists",[20,79190,79191,79193],{},[15,79192,64199],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79195,1498],{},[51,79197,79199],{"className":53,"code":79198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79200,79201,79213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79202,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79204,34573],{"class":66},[60,79206,71],{"class":70},[60,79208,91],{"class":78},[60,79210,55],{"class":82},[60,79212,3273],{"class":78},[60,79214,79215,79217,79219,79221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79216,34594],{"class":66},[60,79218,117],{"class":74},[60,79220,34684],{"class":120},[60,79222,8555],{"class":74},[20,79224,79225,79226,33485],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79227,64199],{},[20,79229,79230],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[51,79232,79234],{"className":53,"code":79233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79235,79236,79254,79264,79268],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79237,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79239,1411],{"class":66},[60,79241,71],{"class":70},[60,79243,22446],{"class":1683},[60,79245,124],{"class":74},[60,79247,79],{"class":78},[60,79249,55],{"class":82},[60,79251,79],{"class":78},[60,79253,133],{"class":74},[60,79255,79256,79258,79260,79262],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79257,1446],{"class":66},[60,79259,117],{"class":74},[60,79261,34684],{"class":120},[60,79263,8555],{"class":74},[60,79265,79266],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79267,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,79269,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,79271,140],{"class":139},[60,79273,124],{"class":74},[60,79275,1446],{"class":120},[60,79277,133],{"class":74},[20,79279,404],{},[51,79281,79283],{"className":53,"code":79282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79284,79285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79286,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79288,3812],{"class":74},[60,79290,205],{"class":78},[60,79292,60325],{"class":82},[60,79294,205],{"class":78},[60,79296,88],{"class":74},[60,79298,214],{"class":78},[60,79300,75918],{"class":82},[60,79302,205],{"class":78},[60,79304,88],{"class":74},[60,79306,214],{"class":78},[60,79308,60360],{"class":82},[60,79310,205],{"class":78},[60,79312,88],{"class":74},[60,79314,214],{"class":78},[60,79316,20],{"class":82},[60,79318,205],{"class":78},[60,79320,88],{"class":74},[60,79322,214],{"class":78},[60,79324,63174],{"class":82},[60,79326,205],{"class":78},[60,79328,88],{"class":74},[60,79330,214],{"class":78},[60,79332,11640],{"class":82},[60,79334,205],{"class":78},[60,79336,1525],{"class":74},[337,79338,79340,79341,79343],{"id":79339},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79342,14732],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79345,79346,79347,117],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79348,14732],{},[20,79350,79351,79352,79354],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79353,64199],{}," will not do that:",[51,79356,79358],{"className":53,"code":79357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79359,79360,79392,79410,79414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79361,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79363,3983],{"class":66},[60,79365,71],{"class":70},[60,79367,1512],{"class":74},[60,79369,79],{"class":78},[60,79371,504],{"class":82},[60,79373,79],{"class":78},[60,79375,88],{"class":74},[60,79377,91],{"class":78},[60,79379,38242],{"class":82},[60,79381,79],{"class":78},[60,79383,88],{"class":74},[60,79385,91],{"class":78},[60,79387,495],{"class":82},[60,79389,79],{"class":78},[60,79391,1525],{"class":74},[60,79393,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79395,4025],{"class":66},[60,79397,117],{"class":74},[60,79399,34684],{"class":120},[60,79401,124],{"class":74},[60,79403,14732],{"class":9084},[60,79405,71],{"class":70},[60,79407,11064],{"class":139},[60,79409,133],{"class":74},[60,79411,79412],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79413,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,79415,79416,79418,79420,79422],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,79417,140],{"class":139},[60,79419,124],{"class":74},[60,79421,4025],{"class":120},[60,79423,133],{"class":74},[337,79425,79427],{"id":79426},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79429,79430],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[51,79432,79434],{"className":53,"code":79433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79435,79436,79470,79480,79484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79466,79468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79439,3983],{"class":66},[60,79441,71],{"class":70},[60,79443,1512],{"class":74},[60,79445,79],{"class":78},[60,79447,79448],{"class":82},"zebra",[60,79450,79],{"class":78},[60,79452,88],{"class":74},[60,79454,91],{"class":78},[60,79456,57654],{"class":82},[60,79458,79],{"class":78},[60,79460,88],{"class":74},[60,79462,91],{"class":78},[60,79464,79465],{"class":82},"monkey",[60,79467,79],{"class":78},[60,79469,1525],{"class":74},[60,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79473,4025],{"class":66},[60,79475,117],{"class":74},[60,79477,34684],{"class":120},[60,79479,8555],{"class":74},[60,79481,79482],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79483,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,79485,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,79487,140],{"class":139},[60,79489,124],{"class":74},[60,79491,4025],{"class":120},[60,79493,133],{"class":74},[20,79495,404],{},[51,79497,79499],{"className":53,"code":79498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79500,79501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79502,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79504,3812],{"class":74},[60,79506,205],{"class":78},[60,79508,57654],{"class":82},[60,79510,205],{"class":78},[60,79512,88],{"class":74},[60,79514,214],{"class":78},[60,79516,79465],{"class":82},[60,79518,205],{"class":78},[60,79520,88],{"class":74},[60,79522,214],{"class":78},[60,79524,79448],{"class":82},[60,79526,205],{"class":78},[60,79528,1525],{"class":74},[20,79530,243,79531,79533],{},[15,79532,78473],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[337,79535,60597],{"id":60596},[20,79537,79538],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,79540,79542],{"className":53,"code":79541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79543,79544,79554,79568,79582,79596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79545,79546,79548,79550,79552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79547,140],{"class":139},[60,79549,124],{"class":74},[60,79551,8252],{"class":120},[60,79553,133],{"class":74},[60,79555,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79557,140],{"class":139},[60,79559,124],{"class":74},[60,79561,1684],{"class":1683},[60,79563,124],{"class":74},[60,79565,8252],{"class":120},[60,79567,1691],{"class":74},[60,79569,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79571,140],{"class":139},[60,79573,124],{"class":74},[60,79575,8252],{"class":120},[60,79577,117],{"class":74},[60,79579,34684],{"class":120},[60,79581,7105],{"class":74},[60,79583,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,79585,140],{"class":139},[60,79587,124],{"class":74},[60,79589,74402],{"class":139},[60,79591,124],{"class":74},[60,79593,8252],{"class":120},[60,79595,1691],{"class":74},[60,79597,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,79599,140],{"class":139},[60,79601,1641],{"class":74},[60,79603,1684],{"class":1683},[60,79605,124],{"class":74},[60,79607,23197],{"class":120},[60,79609,174],{"class":74},[60,79611,3790],{"class":1153},[60,79613,5872],{"class":120},[60,79615,1703],{"class":1153},[60,79617,8309],{"class":120},[60,79619,1646],{"class":74},[20,79621,1728],{},[260,79623,79624,79627,79630,79637,79643],{},[263,79625,79626],{},"What values are in the list",[263,79628,79629],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[263,79631,79632,79633,641,79635],{},"That ",[15,79634,64199],{},[15,79636,277],{},[263,79638,79639,79640,79642],{},"Whether ",[15,79641,74312],{}," works better for your case",[263,79644,79645],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79647,79648,79649,79651],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79650,2919],{}," problems.",[46,79653,1746],{"id":1745},[337,79655,12599,79657,55355],{"id":79656},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79658,77755],{},[20,79660,62490,79661,117],{},[15,79662,277],{},[337,79664,1773,79666,1776,79668,1779],{"id":79665},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79667,64199],{},[15,79669,74312],{},[20,79671,79672,79674,79675,79677],{},[15,79673,64199],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79676,74312],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[337,79679,79681],{"id":79680},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79683,18585],{},[51,79685,79687],{"className":53,"code":79686,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79688,79689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79690,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79692,8252],{"class":66},[60,79694,117],{"class":74},[60,79696,34684],{"class":120},[60,79698,124],{"class":74},[60,79700,73465],{"class":9084},[60,79702,71],{"class":70},[60,79704,3520],{"class":734},[60,79706,133],{"class":74},[337,79708,79710],{"id":79709},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79712,18585],{},[51,79714,79716],{"className":53,"code":79715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79717,79718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79719,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79721,8252],{"class":66},[60,79723,117],{"class":74},[60,79725,34684],{"class":120},[60,79727,124],{"class":74},[60,79729,14732],{"class":9084},[60,79731,71],{"class":70},[60,79733,3358],{"class":1683},[60,79735,117],{"class":74},[60,79737,8552],{"class":1723},[60,79739,133],{"class":74},[20,79741,79742],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[337,79744,79746,79747,79749],{"id":79745},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79748,2919],{}," when sorting?",[20,79751,79752],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[46,79754,1808],{"id":1807},[260,79756,79757,79762,79768,79772],{},[263,79758,79759],{},[30,79760,79761],{"href":78264},"How to sort a list in Python",[263,79763,79764],{},[30,79765,3491,79766,5694],{"href":74409},[15,79767,74312],{},[263,79769,79770],{},[30,79771,66965],{"href":50865},[263,79773,79774],{},[30,79775,79014],{"href":79013},[1841,79777,79778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":79780},[79781,79782,79784,79785,79786,79787,79789,79791,79802,79812],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":77821,"depth":111,"text":79783},"What list.sort() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":78076,"depth":111,"text":78077},{"id":78268,"depth":111,"text":78269},{"id":78590,"depth":111,"text":79788},"Using the key argument",{"id":78855,"depth":111,"text":79790},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":79792},[79793,79795,79796,79798,79800,79801],{"id":79024,"depth":136,"text":79794},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79133,"depth":136,"text":79134},{"id":79185,"depth":136,"text":79797},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79339,"depth":136,"text":79799},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79426,"depth":136,"text":79427},{"id":60596,"depth":136,"text":60597},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":79803},[79804,79806,79808,79809,79810],{"id":79656,"depth":136,"text":79805},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79665,"depth":136,"text":79807},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79680,"depth":136,"text":79681},{"id":79709,"depth":136,"text":79710},{"id":79745,"depth":136,"text":79811},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77743,"description":79813},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79820,"title":79821,"body":79822,"description":82453,"extension":1883,"meta":82454,"navigation":152,"path":82455,"seo":82456,"stem":82457,"__hash__":82458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79823,"toc":82412},[79824,79829,79834,79837,79848,79851,79871,79873,79935,79937,79978,79987,79992,79997,80003,80014,80016,80035,80038,80043,80048,80050,80055,80069,80071,80089,80092,80109,80112,80118,80141,80146,80148,80151,80212,80214,80247,80249,80288,80296,80306,80312,80317,80410,80412,80436,80438,80456,80459,80490,80496,80501,80504,80506,80631,80633,80657,80659,80678,80684,80690,80809,80811,80828,80835,80841,80846,80853,80859,80861,80918,80921,80942,80945,80948,81009,81011,81044,81048,81118,81120,81137,81141,81144,81219,81221,81258,81261,81264,81335,81337,81398,81403,81408,81411,81425,81427,81500,81502,81522,81525,81528,81585,81647,81650,81682,81685,81700,81705,81707,81713,81716,81772,81775,81777,81796,81800,81802,81846,81855,81857,81917,81921,81924,81926,82019,82021,82136,82140,82142,82216,82219,82222,82224,82229,82294,82296,82320,82330,82332,82338,82347,82356,82365,82371,82374,82378,82381,82383,82409],[10,79825,3491,79827,3495],{"id":79826},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79828,39601],{},[20,79830,3498,79831,79833],{},[15,79832,39601],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79835,79836],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[260,79838,79839,79842,79845],{},[263,79840,79841],{},"converting numbers to strings",[263,79843,79844],{},"changing strings to integers",[263,79846,79847],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79849,79850],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[260,79852,79853,79860,79866],{},[263,79854,79855,39,79857,79859],{},[15,79856,39601],{},[41,79858,43],{}," return a list in Python 3",[263,79861,79862,79863],{},"it returns a ",[41,79864,79865],{},"map object",[263,79867,79868,79869],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79870,24667],{},[46,79872,49],{"id":48},[51,79874,79876],{"className":53,"code":79875,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79877,79878,79902,79921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79879,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79881,350],{"class":66},[60,79883,71],{"class":70},[60,79885,1512],{"class":74},[60,79887,358],{"class":357},[60,79889,88],{"class":74},[60,79891,363],{"class":357},[60,79893,88],{"class":74},[60,79895,368],{"class":357},[60,79897,88],{"class":74},[60,79899,373],{"class":357},[60,79901,1525],{"class":74},[60,79903,79904,79906,79908,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79905,688],{"class":66},[60,79907,71],{"class":70},[60,79909,79910],{"class":139}," map",[60,79912,124],{"class":74},[60,79914,3358],{"class":1683},[60,79916,88],{"class":74},[60,79918,1294],{"class":120},[60,79920,133],{"class":74},[60,79922,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,79924,140],{"class":139},[60,79926,124],{"class":74},[60,79928,8006],{"class":1683},[60,79930,124],{"class":74},[60,79932,720],{"class":120},[60,79934,1691],{"class":74},[20,79936,404],{},[51,79938,79940],{"className":53,"code":79939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79941,79942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79943,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79945,3812],{"class":74},[60,79947,205],{"class":78},[60,79949,358],{"class":82},[60,79951,205],{"class":78},[60,79953,88],{"class":74},[60,79955,214],{"class":78},[60,79957,1303],{"class":82},[60,79959,205],{"class":78},[60,79961,88],{"class":74},[60,79963,214],{"class":78},[60,79965,389],{"class":82},[60,79967,205],{"class":78},[60,79969,88],{"class":74},[60,79971,214],{"class":78},[60,79973,2421],{"class":82},[60,79975,205],{"class":78},[60,79977,1525],{"class":74},[20,79979,243,79980,79983,79984,79986],{},[15,79981,79982],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79985,24667],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[46,79988,250,79990,253],{"id":79989},"what-map-does",[15,79991,39601],{},[20,79993,79994,79996],{},[15,79995,39601],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79998,79999,80000,80002],{},"An ",[41,80001,3634],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[260,80004,80005,80007,80009,80011],{},[263,80006,37785],{},[263,80008,37788],{},[263,80010,37791],{},[263,80012,80013],{},"a range object",[20,80015,30610],{},[51,80017,80019],{"className":53,"code":80018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80020,80021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80022,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80024,39744],{"class":139},[60,80026,124],{"class":74},[60,80028,37744],{"class":120},[60,80030,88],{"class":74},[60,80032,37749],{"class":120},[60,80034,133],{"class":74},[20,80036,80037],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80039,80040,80041,33626],{},"Important: the result is a ",[41,80042,79865],{},[20,80044,80045,80046,117],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[30,80047,5047],{"href":5046},[46,80049,296],{"id":295},[20,80051,80052,80054],{},[15,80053,39601],{}," needs at least two parts:",[260,80056,80057,80063],{},[263,80058,80059,80062],{},[41,80060,80061],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[263,80064,80065,80068],{},[41,80066,80067],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80070,3619],{},[51,80072,80073],{"className":53,"code":80018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,80074,80075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80076,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80078,39744],{"class":139},[60,80080,124],{"class":74},[60,80082,37744],{"class":120},[60,80084,88],{"class":74},[60,80086,37749],{"class":120},[60,80088,133],{"class":74},[20,80090,80091],{},"You can pass:",[260,80093,80094,80103,80106],{},[263,80095,80096,80097,36,80099,2112,80101],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80098,3358],{},[15,80100,2108],{},[15,80102,1937],{},[263,80104,80105],{},"your own custom function",[263,80107,80108],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80110,80111],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80113,80114,80115,80117],{},"You will often see ",[15,80116,39601],{}," used like this:",[51,80119,80121],{"className":53,"code":80120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80122,80123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80124,80125,80127,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80126,8006],{"class":1683},[60,80128,124],{"class":74},[60,80130,39744],{"class":139},[60,80132,124],{"class":74},[60,80134,37744],{"class":120},[60,80136,88],{"class":74},[60,80138,3798],{"class":120},[60,80140,1691],{"class":74},[20,80142,6588,80143,80145],{},[15,80144,24667],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[46,80147,839],{"id":838},[20,80149,80150],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[51,80152,80154],{"className":53,"code":80153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80155,80156,80176,80194,80198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80157,80158,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80159,350],{"class":66},[60,80161,71],{"class":70},[60,80163,1512],{"class":74},[60,80165,2250],{"class":357},[60,80167,88],{"class":74},[60,80169,7702],{"class":357},[60,80171,88],{"class":74},[60,80173,7707],{"class":357},[60,80175,1525],{"class":74},[60,80177,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80179,688],{"class":66},[60,80181,71],{"class":70},[60,80183,79910],{"class":139},[60,80185,124],{"class":74},[60,80187,3358],{"class":1683},[60,80189,88],{"class":74},[60,80191,1294],{"class":120},[60,80193,133],{"class":74},[60,80195,80196],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80197,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80199,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80201,140],{"class":139},[60,80203,124],{"class":74},[60,80205,8006],{"class":1683},[60,80207,124],{"class":74},[60,80209,720],{"class":120},[60,80211,1691],{"class":74},[20,80213,404],{},[51,80215,80217],{"className":53,"code":80216,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80218,80219],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80220,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80222,3812],{"class":74},[60,80224,205],{"class":78},[60,80226,2250],{"class":82},[60,80228,205],{"class":78},[60,80230,88],{"class":74},[60,80232,214],{"class":78},[60,80234,15645],{"class":82},[60,80236,205],{"class":78},[60,80238,88],{"class":74},[60,80240,214],{"class":78},[60,80242,36725],{"class":82},[60,80244,205],{"class":78},[60,80246,1525],{"class":74},[20,80248,11578],{},[260,80250,80251,80256,80264,80272,80280],{},[263,80252,80253,80255],{},[15,80254,380],{}," contains integers",[263,80257,80258,80261,80262],{},[15,80259,80260],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80263,47568],{},[263,80265,80266,1324,80269],{},[15,80267,80268],{},"str(10)",[15,80270,80271],{},"'10'",[263,80273,80274,1324,80277],{},[15,80275,80276],{},"str(20)",[15,80278,80279],{},"'20'",[263,80281,80282,1324,80285],{},[15,80283,80284],{},"str(30)",[15,80286,80287],{},"'30'",[20,80289,53539,80290,80292,80293,80295],{},[15,80291,39601],{}," applies ",[15,80294,47568],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80297,80298,80299,80301,80302,117],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80300,24667],{}," better, see ",[30,80303,3491,80304,3424],{"href":64735},[15,80305,24667],{},[46,80307,8331,80309,80311],{"id":80308},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80310,39601],{}," with your own function",[20,80313,15605,80314,80316],{},[15,80315,39601],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[51,80318,80320],{"className":53,"code":80319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80321,80322,80335,80345,80349,80373,80392,80396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80323,80324,80326,80329,80331,80333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80325,34736],{"class":1984},[60,80327,80328],{"class":34739}," double",[60,80330,124],{"class":74},[60,80332,2093],{"class":37546},[60,80334,8255],{"class":74},[60,80336,80337,80339,80341,80343],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80338,34747],{"class":1153},[60,80340,3793],{"class":66},[60,80342,39757],{"class":70},[60,80344,45475],{"class":357},[60,80346,80347],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80348,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80350,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80352,350],{"class":66},[60,80354,71],{"class":70},[60,80356,1512],{"class":74},[60,80358,358],{"class":357},[60,80360,88],{"class":74},[60,80362,363],{"class":357},[60,80364,88],{"class":74},[60,80366,368],{"class":357},[60,80368,88],{"class":74},[60,80370,373],{"class":357},[60,80372,1525],{"class":74},[60,80374,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80386,80388,80390],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,80376,688],{"class":66},[60,80378,71],{"class":70},[60,80380,79910],{"class":139},[60,80382,124],{"class":74},[60,80384,80385],{"class":120},"double",[60,80387,88],{"class":74},[60,80389,1294],{"class":120},[60,80391,133],{"class":74},[60,80393,80394],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,80395,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80397,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,80399,140],{"class":139},[60,80401,124],{"class":74},[60,80403,8006],{"class":1683},[60,80405,124],{"class":74},[60,80407,720],{"class":120},[60,80409,1691],{"class":74},[20,80411,404],{},[51,80413,80414],{"className":53,"code":39770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,80415,80416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80417,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80419,3812],{"class":74},[60,80421,1303],{"class":357},[60,80423,88],{"class":74},[60,80425,373],{"class":357},[60,80427,88],{"class":74},[60,80429,37527],{"class":357},[60,80431,88],{"class":74},[60,80433,6271],{"class":357},[60,80435,1525],{"class":74},[20,80437,65472],{},[260,80439,80440,80447,80453],{},[263,80441,80442,80444,80445],{},[15,80443,39601],{}," takes the function ",[15,80446,80385],{},[263,80448,80449,80450,80452],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80451,380],{}," into that function",[263,80454,80455],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80457,80458],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[260,80460,80461,80468,80475,80483],{},[263,80462,80463,5984,80466],{},[15,80464,80465],{},"double(1)",[15,80467,1303],{},[263,80469,80470,5984,80473],{},[15,80471,80472],{},"double(2)",[15,80474,2421],{},[263,80476,80477,5984,80480],{},[15,80478,80479],{},"double(3)",[15,80481,80482],{},"6",[263,80484,80485,5984,80488],{},[15,80486,80487],{},"double(4)",[15,80489,2265],{},[46,80491,8331,80493,80495],{"id":80492},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80494,39601],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80497,80498,80500],{},[15,80499,39601],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80502,80503],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80505,2127],{},[51,80507,80509],{"className":53,"code":80508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80510,80511,80528,80538,80542,80563,80584,80588,80613,80617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80512,80513,80515,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80514,34736],{"class":1984},[60,80516,80517],{"class":34739}," add_numbers",[60,80519,124],{"class":74},[60,80521,30],{"class":37546},[60,80523,88],{"class":74},[60,80525,2476],{"class":37546},[60,80527,8255],{"class":74},[60,80529,80530,80532,80534,80536],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80531,34747],{"class":1153},[60,80533,44430],{"class":66},[60,80535,1979],{"class":70},[60,80537,36067],{"class":66},[60,80539,80540],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80541,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80543,80544,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80545,80546],{"class":66},"list1 ",[60,80548,71],{"class":70},[60,80550,1512],{"class":74},[60,80552,358],{"class":357},[60,80554,88],{"class":74},[60,80556,363],{"class":357},[60,80558,88],{"class":74},[60,80560,368],{"class":357},[60,80562,1525],{"class":74},[60,80564,80565,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,80566,80567],{"class":66},"list2 ",[60,80569,71],{"class":70},[60,80571,1512],{"class":74},[60,80573,2250],{"class":357},[60,80575,88],{"class":74},[60,80577,7702],{"class":357},[60,80579,88],{"class":74},[60,80581,7707],{"class":357},[60,80583,1525],{"class":74},[60,80585,80586],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,80587,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80601,80603,80606,80608,80611],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,80591,688],{"class":66},[60,80593,71],{"class":70},[60,80595,79910],{"class":139},[60,80597,124],{"class":74},[60,80599,80600],{"class":120},"add_numbers",[60,80602,88],{"class":74},[60,80604,80605],{"class":120}," list1",[60,80607,88],{"class":74},[60,80609,80610],{"class":120}," list2",[60,80612,133],{"class":74},[60,80614,80615],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,80616,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80618,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,80620,140],{"class":139},[60,80622,124],{"class":74},[60,80624,8006],{"class":1683},[60,80626,124],{"class":74},[60,80628,720],{"class":120},[60,80630,1691],{"class":74},[20,80632,404],{},[51,80634,80636],{"className":53,"code":80635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80637,80638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80639,80640,80642,80645,80647,80650,80652,80655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80641,3812],{"class":74},[60,80643,80644],{"class":357},"11",[60,80646,88],{"class":74},[60,80648,80649],{"class":357}," 22",[60,80651,88],{"class":74},[60,80653,80654],{"class":357}," 33",[60,80656,1525],{"class":74},[20,80658,2098],{},[260,80660,80661,80667,80673],{},[263,80662,80663,80664],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80665,80666],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[263,80668,80669,80670],{},"then ",[15,80671,80672],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[263,80674,80669,80675],{},[15,80676,80677],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[337,80679,80681,80683],{"id":80680},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80682,39601],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80685,80686,80687,80689],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80688,39601],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[51,80691,80693],{"className":53,"code":80692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80694,80695,80711,80721,80725,80749,80765,80769,80791,80795],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80696,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80698,34736],{"class":1984},[60,80700,80517],{"class":34739},[60,80702,124],{"class":74},[60,80704,30],{"class":37546},[60,80706,88],{"class":74},[60,80708,2476],{"class":37546},[60,80710,8255],{"class":74},[60,80712,80713,80715,80717,80719],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80714,34747],{"class":1153},[60,80716,44430],{"class":66},[60,80718,1979],{"class":70},[60,80720,36067],{"class":66},[60,80722,80723],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80724,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80726,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80728,80546],{"class":66},[60,80730,71],{"class":70},[60,80732,1512],{"class":74},[60,80734,358],{"class":357},[60,80736,88],{"class":74},[60,80738,363],{"class":357},[60,80740,88],{"class":74},[60,80742,368],{"class":357},[60,80744,88],{"class":74},[60,80746,373],{"class":357},[60,80748,1525],{"class":74},[60,80750,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,80752,80567],{"class":66},[60,80754,71],{"class":70},[60,80756,1512],{"class":74},[60,80758,2250],{"class":357},[60,80760,88],{"class":74},[60,80762,7702],{"class":357},[60,80764,1525],{"class":74},[60,80766,80767],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,80768,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80770,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,80772,688],{"class":66},[60,80774,71],{"class":70},[60,80776,79910],{"class":139},[60,80778,124],{"class":74},[60,80780,80600],{"class":120},[60,80782,88],{"class":74},[60,80784,80605],{"class":120},[60,80786,88],{"class":74},[60,80788,80610],{"class":120},[60,80790,133],{"class":74},[60,80792,80793],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,80794,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80796,80797,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,80798,140],{"class":139},[60,80800,124],{"class":74},[60,80802,8006],{"class":1683},[60,80804,124],{"class":74},[60,80806,720],{"class":120},[60,80808,1691],{"class":74},[20,80810,404],{},[51,80812,80814],{"className":53,"code":80813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80815,80816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80817,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80819,3812],{"class":74},[60,80821,80644],{"class":357},[60,80823,88],{"class":74},[60,80825,80649],{"class":357},[60,80827,1525],{"class":74},[20,80829,80830,80831,80834],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80832,80833],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[46,80836,80838,80840],{"id":80837},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80839,39601],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80842,37907,80843,80845],{},[15,80844,39601],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80847,80848,80849,80852],{},"This object is ",[41,80850,80851],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[337,80854,2405,80856,80858],{"id":80855},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80857,32912],{}," looks strange",[20,80860,33527],{},[51,80862,80864],{"className":53,"code":80863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80865,80866,80886,80904,80908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80867,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80869,350],{"class":66},[60,80871,71],{"class":70},[60,80873,1512],{"class":74},[60,80875,358],{"class":357},[60,80877,88],{"class":74},[60,80879,363],{"class":357},[60,80881,88],{"class":74},[60,80883,368],{"class":357},[60,80885,1525],{"class":74},[60,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80889,688],{"class":66},[60,80891,71],{"class":70},[60,80893,79910],{"class":139},[60,80895,124],{"class":74},[60,80897,3358],{"class":1683},[60,80899,88],{"class":74},[60,80901,1294],{"class":120},[60,80903,133],{"class":74},[60,80905,80906],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80907,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80909,80910,80912,80914,80916],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80911,140],{"class":139},[60,80913,124],{"class":74},[60,80915,720],{"class":120},[60,80917,133],{"class":74},[20,80919,80920],{},"Output will look something like this:",[51,80922,80924],{"className":53,"code":80923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80925,80926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80927,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80929,3205],{"class":70},[60,80931,39744],{"class":139},[60,80933,24504],{"class":1683},[60,80935,37247],{"class":66},[60,80937,37251],{"class":37250},[60,80939,37254],{"class":34338},[60,80941,3217],{"class":70},[20,80943,80944],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80946,80947],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[51,80949,80951],{"className":53,"code":80950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80952,80953,80973,80991,80995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80954,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80956,350],{"class":66},[60,80958,71],{"class":70},[60,80960,1512],{"class":74},[60,80962,358],{"class":357},[60,80964,88],{"class":74},[60,80966,363],{"class":357},[60,80968,88],{"class":74},[60,80970,368],{"class":357},[60,80972,1525],{"class":74},[60,80974,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80976,688],{"class":66},[60,80978,71],{"class":70},[60,80980,79910],{"class":139},[60,80982,124],{"class":74},[60,80984,3358],{"class":1683},[60,80986,88],{"class":74},[60,80988,1294],{"class":120},[60,80990,133],{"class":74},[60,80992,80993],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,80994,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,80996,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,80998,140],{"class":139},[60,81000,124],{"class":74},[60,81002,8006],{"class":1683},[60,81004,124],{"class":74},[60,81006,720],{"class":120},[60,81008,1691],{"class":74},[20,81010,404],{},[51,81012,81014],{"className":53,"code":81013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81015,81016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81017,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81019,3812],{"class":74},[60,81021,205],{"class":78},[60,81023,358],{"class":82},[60,81025,205],{"class":78},[60,81027,88],{"class":74},[60,81029,214],{"class":78},[60,81031,1303],{"class":82},[60,81033,205],{"class":78},[60,81035,88],{"class":74},[60,81037,214],{"class":78},[60,81039,389],{"class":82},[60,81041,205],{"class":78},[60,81043,1525],{"class":74},[337,81045,81047],{"id":81046},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[51,81049,81051],{"className":53,"code":81050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81052,81053,81073,81091,81095,81108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81054,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81056,350],{"class":66},[60,81058,71],{"class":70},[60,81060,1512],{"class":74},[60,81062,358],{"class":357},[60,81064,88],{"class":74},[60,81066,363],{"class":357},[60,81068,88],{"class":74},[60,81070,368],{"class":357},[60,81072,1525],{"class":74},[60,81074,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81076,688],{"class":66},[60,81078,71],{"class":70},[60,81080,79910],{"class":139},[60,81082,124],{"class":74},[60,81084,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81086,88],{"class":74},[60,81088,1294],{"class":120},[60,81090,133],{"class":74},[60,81092,81093],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81094,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81096,81097,81099,81101,81103,81106],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81098,5869],{"class":1153},[60,81100,5872],{"class":66},[60,81102,1703],{"class":1153},[60,81104,81105],{"class":66}," result",[60,81107,1168],{"class":74},[60,81109,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,81111,7981],{"class":139},[60,81113,124],{"class":74},[60,81115,23197],{"class":120},[60,81117,133],{"class":74},[20,81119,404],{},[51,81121,81123],{"className":53,"code":81122,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81124,81125,81129,81133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81126,81127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81128,46801],{"class":357},[60,81130,81131],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81132,16947],{"class":357},[60,81134,81135],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81136,46501],{"class":357},[337,81138,81140],{"id":81139},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81142,81143],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[51,81145,81147],{"className":53,"code":81146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81148,81149,81169,81187,81191,81205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81150,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81152,350],{"class":66},[60,81154,71],{"class":70},[60,81156,1512],{"class":74},[60,81158,358],{"class":357},[60,81160,88],{"class":74},[60,81162,363],{"class":357},[60,81164,88],{"class":74},[60,81166,368],{"class":357},[60,81168,1525],{"class":74},[60,81170,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81172,688],{"class":66},[60,81174,71],{"class":70},[60,81176,79910],{"class":139},[60,81178,124],{"class":74},[60,81180,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81182,88],{"class":74},[60,81184,1294],{"class":120},[60,81186,133],{"class":74},[60,81188,81189],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81190,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81192,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81194,140],{"class":139},[60,81196,124],{"class":74},[60,81198,8006],{"class":1683},[60,81200,124],{"class":74},[60,81202,720],{"class":120},[60,81204,1691],{"class":74},[60,81206,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,81208,140],{"class":139},[60,81210,124],{"class":74},[60,81212,8006],{"class":1683},[60,81214,124],{"class":74},[60,81216,720],{"class":120},[60,81218,1691],{"class":74},[20,81220,404],{},[51,81222,81224],{"className":53,"code":81223,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81225,81226,81254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81227,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81229,3812],{"class":74},[60,81231,205],{"class":78},[60,81233,358],{"class":82},[60,81235,205],{"class":78},[60,81237,88],{"class":74},[60,81239,214],{"class":78},[60,81241,1303],{"class":82},[60,81243,205],{"class":78},[60,81245,88],{"class":74},[60,81247,214],{"class":78},[60,81249,389],{"class":82},[60,81251,205],{"class":78},[60,81253,1525],{"class":74},[60,81255,81256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81257,38181],{"class":74},[20,81259,81260],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81262,81263],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[51,81265,81267],{"className":53,"code":81266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81268,81269,81289,81311,81315,81325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81270,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81272,350],{"class":66},[60,81274,71],{"class":70},[60,81276,1512],{"class":74},[60,81278,358],{"class":357},[60,81280,88],{"class":74},[60,81282,363],{"class":357},[60,81284,88],{"class":74},[60,81286,368],{"class":357},[60,81288,1525],{"class":74},[60,81290,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81292,688],{"class":66},[60,81294,71],{"class":70},[60,81296,22446],{"class":1683},[60,81298,124],{"class":74},[60,81300,39744],{"class":139},[60,81302,124],{"class":74},[60,81304,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81306,88],{"class":74},[60,81308,1294],{"class":120},[60,81310,1691],{"class":74},[60,81312,81313],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81314,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81316,81317,81319,81321,81323],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81318,140],{"class":139},[60,81320,124],{"class":74},[60,81322,720],{"class":120},[60,81324,133],{"class":74},[60,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,81328,140],{"class":139},[60,81330,124],{"class":74},[60,81332,720],{"class":120},[60,81334,133],{"class":74},[20,81336,404],{},[51,81338,81340],{"className":53,"code":81339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81341,81342,81370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81343,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81345,3812],{"class":74},[60,81347,205],{"class":78},[60,81349,358],{"class":82},[60,81351,205],{"class":78},[60,81353,88],{"class":74},[60,81355,214],{"class":78},[60,81357,1303],{"class":82},[60,81359,205],{"class":78},[60,81361,88],{"class":74},[60,81363,214],{"class":78},[60,81365,389],{"class":82},[60,81367,205],{"class":78},[60,81369,1525],{"class":74},[60,81371,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81373,3812],{"class":74},[60,81375,205],{"class":78},[60,81377,358],{"class":82},[60,81379,205],{"class":78},[60,81381,88],{"class":74},[60,81383,214],{"class":78},[60,81385,1303],{"class":82},[60,81387,205],{"class":78},[60,81389,88],{"class":74},[60,81391,214],{"class":78},[60,81393,389],{"class":82},[60,81395,205],{"class":78},[60,81397,1525],{"class":74},[46,81399,1220,81401],{"id":81400},"when-to-use-map",[15,81402,39601],{},[20,81404,81405,81407],{},[15,81406,39601],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81409,81410],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[260,81412,81413,81417,81421],{},[263,81414,81415],{},[15,81416,3358],{},[263,81418,81419],{},[15,81420,2108],{},[263,81422,81423],{},[15,81424,1937],{},[20,81426,2127],{},[51,81428,81430],{"className":53,"code":81429,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81431,81432,81464,81486,81490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81433,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81435,3736],{"class":66},[60,81437,71],{"class":70},[60,81439,1512],{"class":74},[60,81441,205],{"class":78},[60,81443,358],{"class":82},[60,81445,205],{"class":78},[60,81447,88],{"class":74},[60,81449,214],{"class":78},[60,81451,1303],{"class":82},[60,81453,205],{"class":78},[60,81455,88],{"class":74},[60,81457,214],{"class":78},[60,81459,389],{"class":82},[60,81461,205],{"class":78},[60,81463,1525],{"class":74},[60,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81467,350],{"class":66},[60,81469,71],{"class":70},[60,81471,22446],{"class":1683},[60,81473,124],{"class":74},[60,81475,39744],{"class":139},[60,81477,124],{"class":74},[60,81479,2108],{"class":1683},[60,81481,88],{"class":74},[60,81483,3798],{"class":120},[60,81485,1691],{"class":74},[60,81487,81488],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81489,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81491,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81493,140],{"class":139},[60,81495,124],{"class":74},[60,81497,380],{"class":120},[60,81499,133],{"class":74},[20,81501,404],{},[51,81503,81504],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81505,81506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81507,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81509,3812],{"class":74},[60,81511,358],{"class":357},[60,81513,88],{"class":74},[60,81515,363],{"class":357},[60,81517,88],{"class":74},[60,81519,368],{"class":357},[60,81521,1525],{"class":74},[20,81523,81524],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81526,81527],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[51,81529,81531],{"className":53,"code":81530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81532,81533,81553,81575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81534,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81536,350],{"class":66},[60,81538,71],{"class":70},[60,81540,1512],{"class":74},[60,81542,358],{"class":357},[60,81544,88],{"class":74},[60,81546,363],{"class":357},[60,81548,88],{"class":74},[60,81550,368],{"class":357},[60,81552,1525],{"class":74},[60,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81556,688],{"class":66},[60,81558,71],{"class":70},[60,81560,22446],{"class":1683},[60,81562,124],{"class":74},[60,81564,39744],{"class":139},[60,81566,124],{"class":74},[60,81568,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81570,88],{"class":74},[60,81572,1294],{"class":120},[60,81574,1691],{"class":74},[60,81576,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81578,140],{"class":139},[60,81580,124],{"class":74},[60,81582,720],{"class":120},[60,81584,133],{"class":74},[51,81586,81588],{"className":53,"code":81587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81589,81590,81610,81637],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81591,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81593,350],{"class":66},[60,81595,71],{"class":70},[60,81597,1512],{"class":74},[60,81599,358],{"class":357},[60,81601,88],{"class":74},[60,81603,363],{"class":357},[60,81605,88],{"class":74},[60,81607,368],{"class":357},[60,81609,1525],{"class":74},[60,81611,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81631,81633,81635],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81613,688],{"class":66},[60,81615,71],{"class":70},[60,81617,1512],{"class":74},[60,81619,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81621,124],{"class":74},[60,81623,75918],{"class":120},[60,81625,174],{"class":74},[60,81627,3790],{"class":1153},[60,81629,81630],{"class":66}," n ",[60,81632,1703],{"class":1153},[60,81634,1294],{"class":66},[60,81636,1525],{"class":74},[60,81638,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81640,140],{"class":139},[60,81642,124],{"class":74},[60,81644,720],{"class":120},[60,81646,133],{"class":74},[20,81648,81649],{},"Both produce:",[51,81651,81652],{"className":53,"code":81013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81653,81654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81655,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81657,3812],{"class":74},[60,81659,205],{"class":78},[60,81661,358],{"class":82},[60,81663,205],{"class":78},[60,81665,88],{"class":74},[60,81667,214],{"class":78},[60,81669,1303],{"class":82},[60,81671,205],{"class":78},[60,81673,88],{"class":74},[60,81675,214],{"class":78},[60,81677,389],{"class":82},[60,81679,205],{"class":78},[60,81681,1525],{"class":74},[20,81683,81684],{},"A simple rule:",[260,81686,81687,81692,81697],{},[263,81688,39875,81689,81691],{},[15,81690,39601],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[263,81693,39881,81694,81696],{},[15,81695,5869],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[263,81698,81699],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81701,81702,81703,117],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[30,81704,4304],{"href":4303},[46,81706,4430],{"id":4429},[337,81708,81710,81711],{"id":81709},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81712,24667],{},[20,81714,81715],{},"This is very common:",[51,81717,81718],{"className":53,"code":80863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81719,81720,81740,81758,81762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81721,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81723,350],{"class":66},[60,81725,71],{"class":70},[60,81727,1512],{"class":74},[60,81729,358],{"class":357},[60,81731,88],{"class":74},[60,81733,363],{"class":357},[60,81735,88],{"class":74},[60,81737,368],{"class":357},[60,81739,1525],{"class":74},[60,81741,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81743,688],{"class":66},[60,81745,71],{"class":70},[60,81747,79910],{"class":139},[60,81749,124],{"class":74},[60,81751,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81753,88],{"class":74},[60,81755,1294],{"class":120},[60,81757,133],{"class":74},[60,81759,81760],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81761,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81763,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81765,140],{"class":139},[60,81767,124],{"class":74},[60,81769,720],{"class":120},[60,81771,133],{"class":74},[20,81773,81774],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81776,39146],{},[51,81778,81780],{"className":53,"code":81779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81781,81782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81783,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81785,140],{"class":139},[60,81787,124],{"class":74},[60,81789,8006],{"class":1683},[60,81791,124],{"class":74},[60,81793,720],{"class":120},[60,81795,1691],{"class":74},[337,81797,81799],{"id":81798},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81801,1498],{},[51,81803,81805],{"className":53,"code":81804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81806,81807,81827],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81808,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81810,350],{"class":66},[60,81812,71],{"class":70},[60,81814,1512],{"class":74},[60,81816,358],{"class":357},[60,81818,88],{"class":74},[60,81820,363],{"class":357},[60,81822,88],{"class":74},[60,81824,368],{"class":357},[60,81826,1525],{"class":74},[60,81828,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81842,81844],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81830,688],{"class":66},[60,81832,71],{"class":70},[60,81834,79910],{"class":139},[60,81836,124],{"class":74},[60,81838,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81840,81841],{"class":74},"(),",[60,81843,1294],{"class":120},[60,81845,133],{"class":74},[20,81847,81848,81849,81851,81852,81854],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81850,47568],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81853,39601],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81856,16546],{},[51,81858,81859],{"className":53,"code":80950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81860,81861,81881,81899,81903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81862,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81864,350],{"class":66},[60,81866,71],{"class":70},[60,81868,1512],{"class":74},[60,81870,358],{"class":357},[60,81872,88],{"class":74},[60,81874,363],{"class":357},[60,81876,88],{"class":74},[60,81878,368],{"class":357},[60,81880,1525],{"class":74},[60,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81884,688],{"class":66},[60,81886,71],{"class":70},[60,81888,79910],{"class":139},[60,81890,124],{"class":74},[60,81892,3358],{"class":1683},[60,81894,88],{"class":74},[60,81896,1294],{"class":120},[60,81898,133],{"class":74},[60,81900,81901],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81902,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81904,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81906,140],{"class":139},[60,81908,124],{"class":74},[60,81910,8006],{"class":1683},[60,81912,124],{"class":74},[60,81914,720],{"class":120},[60,81916,1691],{"class":74},[337,81918,81920],{"id":81919},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81922,81923],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81925,1498],{},[51,81927,81929],{"className":53,"code":81928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81930,81931,81948,81958,81962,81982,82001,82005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81932,81933,81935,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81934,34736],{"class":1984},[60,81936,81937],{"class":34739}," add",[60,81939,124],{"class":74},[60,81941,30],{"class":37546},[60,81943,88],{"class":74},[60,81945,2476],{"class":37546},[60,81947,8255],{"class":74},[60,81949,81950,81952,81954,81956],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81951,34747],{"class":1153},[60,81953,44430],{"class":66},[60,81955,1979],{"class":70},[60,81957,36067],{"class":66},[60,81959,81960],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,81961,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,81965,350],{"class":66},[60,81967,71],{"class":70},[60,81969,1512],{"class":74},[60,81971,358],{"class":357},[60,81973,88],{"class":74},[60,81975,363],{"class":357},[60,81977,88],{"class":74},[60,81979,368],{"class":357},[60,81981,1525],{"class":74},[60,81983,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81995,81997,81999],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,81985,688],{"class":66},[60,81987,71],{"class":70},[60,81989,79910],{"class":139},[60,81991,124],{"class":74},[60,81993,81994],{"class":120},"add",[60,81996,88],{"class":74},[60,81998,1294],{"class":120},[60,82000,133],{"class":74},[60,82002,82003],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,82004,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82006,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,82008,140],{"class":139},[60,82010,124],{"class":74},[60,82012,8006],{"class":1683},[60,82014,124],{"class":74},[60,82016,720],{"class":120},[60,82018,1691],{"class":74},[20,82020,16546],{},[51,82022,82024],{"className":53,"code":82023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82025,82026,82042,82052,82056,82076,82096,82118,82122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82029,34736],{"class":1984},[60,82031,81937],{"class":34739},[60,82033,124],{"class":74},[60,82035,30],{"class":37546},[60,82037,88],{"class":74},[60,82039,2476],{"class":37546},[60,82041,8255],{"class":74},[60,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82045,34747],{"class":1153},[60,82047,44430],{"class":66},[60,82049,1979],{"class":70},[60,82051,36067],{"class":66},[60,82053,82054],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82055,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82059,80546],{"class":66},[60,82061,71],{"class":70},[60,82063,1512],{"class":74},[60,82065,358],{"class":357},[60,82067,88],{"class":74},[60,82069,363],{"class":357},[60,82071,88],{"class":74},[60,82073,368],{"class":357},[60,82075,1525],{"class":74},[60,82077,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,82079,80567],{"class":66},[60,82081,71],{"class":70},[60,82083,1512],{"class":74},[60,82085,2250],{"class":357},[60,82087,88],{"class":74},[60,82089,7702],{"class":357},[60,82091,88],{"class":74},[60,82093,7707],{"class":357},[60,82095,1525],{"class":74},[60,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,82099,688],{"class":66},[60,82101,71],{"class":70},[60,82103,79910],{"class":139},[60,82105,124],{"class":74},[60,82107,81994],{"class":120},[60,82109,88],{"class":74},[60,82111,80605],{"class":120},[60,82113,88],{"class":74},[60,82115,80610],{"class":120},[60,82117,133],{"class":74},[60,82119,82120],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,82121,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82123,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,82125,140],{"class":139},[60,82127,124],{"class":74},[60,82129,8006],{"class":1683},[60,82131,124],{"class":74},[60,82133,720],{"class":120},[60,82135,1691],{"class":74},[337,82137,82139],{"id":82138},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82141,1498],{},[51,82143,82144],{"className":53,"code":81146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82145,82146,82166,82184,82188,82202],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82147,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82149,350],{"class":66},[60,82151,71],{"class":70},[60,82153,1512],{"class":74},[60,82155,358],{"class":357},[60,82157,88],{"class":74},[60,82159,363],{"class":357},[60,82161,88],{"class":74},[60,82163,368],{"class":357},[60,82165,1525],{"class":74},[60,82167,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180,82182],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82169,688],{"class":66},[60,82171,71],{"class":70},[60,82173,79910],{"class":139},[60,82175,124],{"class":74},[60,82177,3358],{"class":1683},[60,82179,88],{"class":74},[60,82181,1294],{"class":120},[60,82183,133],{"class":74},[60,82185,82186],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82187,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82189,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82191,140],{"class":139},[60,82193,124],{"class":74},[60,82195,8006],{"class":1683},[60,82197,124],{"class":74},[60,82199,720],{"class":120},[60,82201,1691],{"class":74},[60,82203,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,82205,140],{"class":139},[60,82207,124],{"class":74},[60,82209,8006],{"class":1683},[60,82211,124],{"class":74},[60,82213,720],{"class":120},[60,82215,1691],{"class":74},[20,82217,82218],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82220,82221],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[46,82223,67783],{"id":67782},[20,82225,1656,82226,82228],{},[15,82227,39601],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,82230,82232],{"className":53,"code":82231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82233,82234,82244,82258,82272,82284],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82235,82236,82238,82240,82242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82237,140],{"class":139},[60,82239,124],{"class":74},[60,82241,720],{"class":120},[60,82243,133],{"class":74},[60,82245,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82247,140],{"class":139},[60,82249,124],{"class":74},[60,82251,8006],{"class":1683},[60,82253,124],{"class":74},[60,82255,720],{"class":120},[60,82257,1691],{"class":74},[60,82259,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82261,140],{"class":139},[60,82263,124],{"class":74},[60,82265,1684],{"class":1683},[60,82267,124],{"class":74},[60,82269,720],{"class":120},[60,82271,1691],{"class":74},[60,82273,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82275,5869],{"class":1153},[60,82277,5872],{"class":66},[60,82279,1703],{"class":1153},[60,82281,81105],{"class":66},[60,82283,1168],{"class":74},[60,82285,82286,82288,82290,82292],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,82287,7981],{"class":139},[60,82289,124],{"class":74},[60,82291,23197],{"class":120},[60,82293,133],{"class":74},[20,82295,12567],{},[260,82297,82298,82303,82308,82314],{},[263,82299,82300,82302],{},[15,82301,32912],{}," shows that you have a map object",[263,82304,82305,82307],{},[15,82306,32920],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[263,82309,82310,82313],{},[15,82311,82312],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[263,82315,82316,82317,82319],{},"looping over ",[15,82318,720],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82321,82322,82323,82326,82327,82329],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82324,82325],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82328,5869],{}," loop consume the map object.",[46,82331,1746],{"id":1745},[337,82333,12599,82335,82337],{"id":82334},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82336,39601],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82339,82340,82341,82343,82344,23825],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82342,39601],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82345,82346],{},"list(map(...))",[337,82348,14794,82350,82352,82353,82355],{"id":82349},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82351,39601],{}," better than a ",[15,82354,5869],{}," loop?",[20,82357,82358,82359,82361,82362,82364],{},"Not always. ",[15,82360,39601],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82363,5869],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[337,82366,5079,82368,82370],{"id":82367},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82369,39601],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82372,82373],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[337,82375,82377],{"id":82376},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82379,82380],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[46,82382,1808],{"id":1807},[260,82384,82385,82391,82397,82401,82405],{},[263,82386,82387],{},[30,82388,3491,82389,3424],{"href":39970},[15,82390,37459],{},[263,82392,82393],{},[30,82394,3491,82395,3424],{"href":64735},[15,82396,24667],{},[263,82398,82399],{},[30,82400,5130],{"href":5042},[263,82402,82403],{},[30,82404,5135],{"href":4303},[263,82406,82407],{},[30,82408,5125],{"href":5046},[1841,82410,82411],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":82413},[82414,82415,82417,82418,82419,82421,82426,82433,82435,82442,82443,82452],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":79989,"depth":111,"text":82416},"What map() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":80308,"depth":111,"text":82420},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80492,"depth":111,"text":82422,"children":82423},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82424],{"id":80680,"depth":136,"text":82425},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80837,"depth":111,"text":82427,"children":82428},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82429,82431,82432],{"id":80855,"depth":136,"text":82430},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81046,"depth":136,"text":81047},{"id":81139,"depth":136,"text":81140},{"id":81400,"depth":111,"text":82434},"When to use map()",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":82436},[82437,82439,82440,82441],{"id":81709,"depth":136,"text":82438},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81798,"depth":136,"text":81799},{"id":81919,"depth":136,"text":81920},{"id":82138,"depth":136,"text":82139},{"id":67782,"depth":111,"text":67783},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":82444},[82445,82447,82449,82451],{"id":82334,"depth":136,"text":82446},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82349,"depth":136,"text":82448},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82367,"depth":136,"text":82450},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82376,"depth":136,"text":82377},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79821,"description":82453},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82460,"title":82461,"body":82462,"description":84482,"extension":1883,"meta":84483,"navigation":152,"path":84484,"seo":84485,"stem":84486,"__hash__":84487},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82463,"toc":84440},[82464,82470,82475,82478,82486,82489,82491,82615,82617,82635,82637,82657,82662,82666,82680,82683,82686,82688,82693,82805,82808,82826,82832,82835,82897,82899,82908,82911,82925,82927,82975,82977,82986,82996,83002,83005,83032,83034,83042,83045,83048,83118,83120,83128,83131,83136,83141,83192,83194,83202,83205,83207,83224,83226,83278,83281,83287,83291,83296,83299,83303,83362,83364,83373,83379,83388,83392,83455,83457,83465,83470,83474,83479,83559,83561,83570,83577,83582,83587,83590,83625,83627,83635,83638,83644,83646,83696,83698,83707,83710,83728,83730,83735,83741,83748,83775,83777,83800,83805,83840,83845,83851,83856,83899,83902,83905,83944,83951,83957,83962,83977,83981,83988,83991,83995,84000,84004,84009,84011,84072,84074,84103,84108,84115,84124,84126,84129,84154,84156,84259,84262,84280,84289,84291,84296,84299,84305,84308,84310,84320,84326,84330,84388,84395,84403,84405,84437],[10,82465,3491,82467,3495],{"id":82466},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82468,82469],{},"max()",[20,82471,9032,82472,82474],{},[15,82473,82469],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82476,82477],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[260,82479,82480,82483],{},[263,82481,82482],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[263,82484,82485],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82487,82488],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[46,82490,49],{"id":48},[51,82492,82494],{"className":53,"code":82493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82495,82496,82520,82535,82539,82565,82569,82601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82497,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82499,350],{"class":66},[60,82501,71],{"class":70},[60,82503,1512],{"class":74},[60,82505,389],{"class":357},[60,82507,88],{"class":74},[60,82509,6271],{"class":357},[60,82511,88],{"class":74},[60,82513,363],{"class":357},[60,82515,88],{"class":74},[60,82517,4516],{"class":357},[60,82519,1525],{"class":74},[60,82521,82522,82524,82526,82529,82531,82533],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82523,140],{"class":139},[60,82525,124],{"class":74},[60,82527,82528],{"class":139},"max",[60,82530,124],{"class":74},[60,82532,380],{"class":120},[60,82534,1691],{"class":74},[60,82536,82537],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82538,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82540,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82542,140],{"class":139},[60,82544,124],{"class":74},[60,82546,82528],{"class":139},[60,82548,124],{"class":74},[60,82550,389],{"class":357},[60,82552,88],{"class":74},[60,82554,6271],{"class":357},[60,82556,88],{"class":74},[60,82558,363],{"class":357},[60,82560,88],{"class":74},[60,82562,4516],{"class":357},[60,82564,1691],{"class":74},[60,82566,82567],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,82568,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82570,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,82572,3983],{"class":66},[60,82574,71],{"class":70},[60,82576,1512],{"class":74},[60,82578,79],{"class":78},[60,82580,495],{"class":82},[60,82582,79],{"class":78},[60,82584,88],{"class":74},[60,82586,91],{"class":78},[60,82588,504],{"class":82},[60,82590,79],{"class":78},[60,82592,88],{"class":74},[60,82594,91],{"class":78},[60,82596,78632],{"class":82},[60,82598,79],{"class":78},[60,82600,1525],{"class":74},[60,82602,82603,82605,82607,82609,82611,82613],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,82604,140],{"class":139},[60,82606,124],{"class":74},[60,82608,82528],{"class":139},[60,82610,124],{"class":74},[60,82612,4025],{"class":120},[60,82614,1691],{"class":74},[20,82616,404],{},[51,82618,82620],{"className":53,"code":82619,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82621,82622,82626,82630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82623,82624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82625,2301],{"class":357},[60,82627,82628],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82629,2301],{"class":357},[60,82631,82632],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82633,82634],{"class":66},"pear\n",[20,82636,19846],{},[260,82638,82639,82645,82651],{},[263,82640,82641,82644],{},[15,82642,82643],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[263,82646,82647,82650],{},[15,82648,82649],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[263,82652,82653,82656],{},[15,82654,82655],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[46,82658,250,82660,253],{"id":82659},"what-max-does",[15,82661,82469],{},[20,82663,82664,258],{},[15,82665,82469],{},[260,82667,82668,82671,82674,82677],{},[263,82669,82670],{},"Returns the largest item",[263,82672,82673],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[263,82675,82676],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[263,82678,82679],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82681,82682],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82684,82685],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[46,82687,296],{"id":295},[20,82689,82690,82691,258],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82692,82469],{},[51,82694,82696],{"className":53,"code":82695,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82697,82698,82708,82732,82754,82777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82699,82700,82702,82704,82706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82701,82528],{"class":139},[60,82703,124],{"class":74},[60,82705,3634],{"class":120},[60,82707,133],{"class":74},[60,82709,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82721,82723,82725,82727,82730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82711,82528],{"class":139},[60,82713,124],{"class":74},[60,82715,3634],{"class":120},[60,82717,88],{"class":74},[60,82719,82720],{"class":70}," *",[60,82722,88],{"class":74},[60,82724,21468],{"class":9084},[60,82726,71],{"class":70},[60,82728,82729],{"class":120},"func",[60,82731,133],{"class":74},[60,82733,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82735,82528],{"class":139},[60,82737,124],{"class":74},[60,82739,3634],{"class":120},[60,82741,88],{"class":74},[60,82743,82720],{"class":70},[60,82745,88],{"class":74},[60,82747,26409],{"class":9084},[60,82749,71],{"class":70},[60,82751,315],{"class":120},[60,82753,133],{"class":74},[60,82755,82756,82758,82760,82763,82765,82768,82770,82772,82775],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82757,82528],{"class":139},[60,82759,124],{"class":74},[60,82761,82762],{"class":120},"arg1",[60,82764,88],{"class":74},[60,82766,82767],{"class":120}," arg2",[60,82769,88],{"class":74},[60,82771,82720],{"class":70},[60,82773,82774],{"class":120},"args",[60,82776,133],{"class":74},[60,82778,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,82780,82528],{"class":139},[60,82782,124],{"class":74},[60,82784,82762],{"class":120},[60,82786,88],{"class":74},[60,82788,82767],{"class":120},[60,82790,88],{"class":74},[60,82792,82720],{"class":70},[60,82794,82774],{"class":120},[60,82796,88],{"class":74},[60,82798,21468],{"class":9084},[60,82800,71],{"class":70},[60,82802,82729],{"class":120},[60,82804,133],{"class":74},[20,82806,82807],{},"The most important parts are:",[260,82809,82810,82815,82820],{},[263,82811,82812,82814],{},[15,82813,3634],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[263,82816,82817,82819],{},[15,82818,14732],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[263,82821,82822,82825],{},[15,82823,82824],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[46,82827,8331,82829,82831],{"id":82828},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82830,82469],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82833,82834],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[51,82836,82838],{"className":53,"code":82837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82839,82840,82866,82882,82886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82841,82842,82844,82846,82848,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82843,4974],{"class":66},[60,82845,71],{"class":70},[60,82847,1512],{"class":74},[60,82849,82850],{"class":357},"72",[60,82852,88],{"class":74},[60,82854,51396],{"class":357},[60,82856,88],{"class":74},[60,82858,13398],{"class":357},[60,82860,88],{"class":74},[60,82862,82863],{"class":357}," 66",[60,82865,1525],{"class":74},[60,82867,82868,82871,82873,82876,82878,82880],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82869,82870],{"class":66},"highest_score ",[60,82872,71],{"class":70},[60,82874,82875],{"class":139}," max",[60,82877,124],{"class":74},[60,82879,16280],{"class":120},[60,82881,133],{"class":74},[60,82883,82884],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,82885,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,82887,82888,82890,82892,82895],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,82889,140],{"class":139},[60,82891,124],{"class":74},[60,82893,82894],{"class":120},"highest_score",[60,82896,133],{"class":74},[20,82898,404],{},[51,82900,82902],{"className":53,"code":82901,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"91\n",[15,82903,82904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82905,82906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82907,82901],{"class":357},[20,82909,82910],{},"This works well for:",[260,82912,82913,82916,82919,82922],{},[263,82914,82915],{},"Scores",[263,82917,82918],{},"Prices",[263,82920,82921],{},"Ages",[263,82923,82924],{},"Counts",[20,82926,51966],{},[51,82928,82930],{"className":53,"code":82929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82931,82932,82960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82933,82934,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82948,82950,82953,82955,82958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82935,82936],{"class":66},"prices ",[60,82938,71],{"class":70},[60,82940,1512],{"class":74},[60,82942,40282],{"class":357},[60,82944,88],{"class":74},[60,82946,82947],{"class":357}," 5.50",[60,82949,88],{"class":74},[60,82951,82952],{"class":357}," 12.75",[60,82954,88],{"class":74},[60,82956,82957],{"class":357}," 29.00",[60,82959,1525],{"class":74},[60,82961,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82963,140],{"class":139},[60,82965,124],{"class":74},[60,82967,82528],{"class":139},[60,82969,124],{"class":74},[60,82971,82972],{"class":120},"prices",[60,82974,1691],{"class":74},[20,82976,404],{},[51,82978,82980],{"className":53,"code":82979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"29.0\n",[15,82981,82982],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82983,82984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82985,82979],{"class":357},[20,82987,82988,82989,82991,82992,117],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82990,82469],{}," is simpler than ",[30,82993,82994],{"href":74409},[15,82995,74312],{},[46,82997,8331,82999,83001],{"id":82998},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83000,82469],{}," with separate values",[20,83003,83004],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[51,83006,83008],{"className":53,"code":83007,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83009,83010],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83011,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83013,140],{"class":139},[60,83015,124],{"class":74},[60,83017,82528],{"class":139},[60,83019,124],{"class":74},[60,83021,2421],{"class":357},[60,83023,88],{"class":74},[60,83025,30828],{"class":357},[60,83027,88],{"class":74},[60,83029,5905],{"class":357},[60,83031,1691],{"class":74},[20,83033,404],{},[51,83035,83036],{"className":53,"code":2145,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83037,83038],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83039,83040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83041,2145],{"class":357},[20,83043,83044],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83046,83047],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[51,83049,83051],{"className":53,"code":83050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83052,83053,83062,83070,83080,83084,83107],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83054,83055,83057,83059],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83056,2471],{"class":66},[60,83058,71],{"class":70},[60,83060,83061],{"class":357}," 15\n",[60,83063,83064,83066,83068],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83065,2499],{"class":66},[60,83067,71],{"class":70},[60,83069,2686],{"class":357},[60,83071,83072,83075,83077],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,83073,83074],{"class":66},"c ",[60,83076,71],{"class":70},[60,83078,83079],{"class":357}," 27\n",[60,83081,83082],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,83083,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,83085,83086,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,83087,83088],{"class":66},"largest ",[60,83090,71],{"class":70},[60,83092,82875],{"class":139},[60,83094,124],{"class":74},[60,83096,30],{"class":120},[60,83098,88],{"class":74},[60,83100,2476],{"class":120},[60,83102,88],{"class":74},[60,83104,9588],{"class":120},[60,83106,133],{"class":74},[60,83108,83109,83111,83113,83116],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,83110,140],{"class":139},[60,83112,124],{"class":74},[60,83114,83115],{"class":120},"largest",[60,83117,133],{"class":74},[20,83119,404],{},[51,83121,83122],{"className":53,"code":46496,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83123,83124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83125,83126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83127,46496],{"class":357},[20,83129,83130],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[46,83132,8331,83134,46943],{"id":83133},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83135,82469],{},[20,83137,83138,83140],{},[15,83139,82469],{}," can compare strings too.",[51,83142,83144],{"className":53,"code":83143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83145,83146,83178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83147,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83149,3983],{"class":66},[60,83151,71],{"class":70},[60,83153,1512],{"class":74},[60,83155,79],{"class":78},[60,83157,495],{"class":82},[60,83159,79],{"class":78},[60,83161,88],{"class":74},[60,83163,91],{"class":78},[60,83165,504],{"class":82},[60,83167,79],{"class":78},[60,83169,88],{"class":74},[60,83171,91],{"class":78},[60,83173,78632],{"class":82},[60,83175,79],{"class":78},[60,83177,1525],{"class":74},[60,83179,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83181,140],{"class":139},[60,83183,124],{"class":74},[60,83185,82528],{"class":139},[60,83187,124],{"class":74},[60,83189,4025],{"class":120},[60,83191,1691],{"class":74},[20,83193,404],{},[51,83195,83196],{"className":53,"code":82634,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83197,83198],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83199,83200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83201,82634],{"class":66},[20,83203,83204],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83206,68171],{},[260,83208,83209,83218,83221],{},[263,83210,83211,83214,83215,83217],{},[15,83212,83213],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83216,65162],{}," alphabetically",[263,83219,83220],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[263,83222,83223],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83225,2127],{},[51,83227,83229],{"className":53,"code":83228,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83230,83231,83264],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83232,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83234,3983],{"class":66},[60,83236,71],{"class":70},[60,83238,1512],{"class":74},[60,83240,79],{"class":78},[60,83242,495],{"class":82},[60,83244,79],{"class":78},[60,83246,88],{"class":74},[60,83248,91],{"class":78},[60,83250,83251],{"class":82},"Banana",[60,83253,79],{"class":78},[60,83255,88],{"class":74},[60,83257,91],{"class":78},[60,83259,78632],{"class":82},[60,83261,79],{"class":78},[60,83263,1525],{"class":74},[60,83265,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83267,140],{"class":139},[60,83269,124],{"class":74},[60,83271,82528],{"class":139},[60,83273,124],{"class":74},[60,83275,4025],{"class":120},[60,83277,1691],{"class":74},[20,83279,83280],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83282,83283,83284,83286],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83285,14732],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[46,83288,36496,83289,36499],{"id":78590},[15,83290,14732],{},[20,83292,1900,83293,83295],{},[15,83294,14732],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83297,83298],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[337,83300,83302],{"id":83301},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[51,83304,83306],{"className":53,"code":83305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83307,83308,83340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83309,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83311,3983],{"class":66},[60,83313,71],{"class":70},[60,83315,1512],{"class":74},[60,83317,79],{"class":78},[60,83319,36931],{"class":82},[60,83321,79],{"class":78},[60,83323,88],{"class":74},[60,83325,91],{"class":78},[60,83327,68214],{"class":82},[60,83329,79],{"class":78},[60,83331,88],{"class":74},[60,83333,91],{"class":78},[60,83335,58013],{"class":82},[60,83337,79],{"class":78},[60,83339,1525],{"class":74},[60,83341,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83343,140],{"class":139},[60,83345,124],{"class":74},[60,83347,82528],{"class":139},[60,83349,124],{"class":74},[60,83351,4025],{"class":120},[60,83353,88],{"class":74},[60,83355,21468],{"class":9084},[60,83357,71],{"class":70},[60,83359,11064],{"class":139},[60,83361,1691],{"class":74},[20,83363,404],{},[51,83365,83367],{"className":53,"code":83366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"elephant\n",[15,83368,83369],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83370,83371],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83372,83366],{"class":66},[20,83374,20660,83375,83378],{},[15,83376,83377],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83380,83381,83382,33513,83384,117],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83383,42245],{},[30,83385,83386,5694],{"href":42242},[15,83387,42245],{},[337,83389,83391],{"id":83390},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[51,83393,83395],{"className":53,"code":83394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83396,83397,83429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83398,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83400,3983],{"class":66},[60,83402,71],{"class":70},[60,83404,1512],{"class":74},[60,83406,79],{"class":78},[60,83408,495],{"class":82},[60,83410,79],{"class":78},[60,83412,88],{"class":74},[60,83414,91],{"class":78},[60,83416,83251],{"class":82},[60,83418,79],{"class":78},[60,83420,88],{"class":74},[60,83422,91],{"class":78},[60,83424,78632],{"class":82},[60,83426,79],{"class":78},[60,83428,1525],{"class":74},[60,83430,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83432,140],{"class":139},[60,83434,124],{"class":74},[60,83436,82528],{"class":139},[60,83438,124],{"class":74},[60,83440,4025],{"class":120},[60,83442,88],{"class":74},[60,83444,21468],{"class":9084},[60,83446,71],{"class":70},[60,83448,3358],{"class":1683},[60,83450,117],{"class":74},[60,83452,8552],{"class":1723},[60,83454,1691],{"class":74},[20,83456,404],{},[51,83458,83459],{"className":53,"code":82634,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83460,83461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83462,83463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83464,82634],{"class":66},[20,83466,20660,83467,83469],{},[15,83468,78586],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[337,83471,83473],{"id":83472},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83475,83476,83477,258],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83478,37543],{},[51,83480,83482],{"className":53,"code":83481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83483,83484,83527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83485,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83505,83507,83509,83511,83514,83516,83518,83520,83523,83525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83487,486],{"class":66},[60,83489,71],{"class":70},[60,83491,1512],{"class":74},[60,83493,79],{"class":78},[60,83495,30],{"class":82},[60,83497,79],{"class":78},[60,83499,88],{"class":74},[60,83501,91],{"class":78},[60,83503,83504],{"class":82},"bb",[60,83506,79],{"class":78},[60,83508,88],{"class":74},[60,83510,91],{"class":78},[60,83512,83513],{"class":82},"cccc",[60,83515,79],{"class":78},[60,83517,88],{"class":74},[60,83519,91],{"class":78},[60,83521,83522],{"class":82},"ddd",[60,83524,79],{"class":78},[60,83526,1525],{"class":74},[60,83528,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83530,140],{"class":139},[60,83532,124],{"class":74},[60,83534,82528],{"class":139},[60,83536,124],{"class":74},[60,83538,517],{"class":120},[60,83540,88],{"class":74},[60,83542,21468],{"class":9084},[60,83544,71],{"class":70},[60,83546,37543],{"class":1984},[60,83548,42726],{"class":37546},[60,83550,258],{"class":74},[60,83552,38270],{"class":139},[60,83554,124],{"class":74},[60,83556,34594],{"class":120},[60,83558,2827],{"class":74},[20,83560,404],{},[51,83562,83564],{"className":53,"code":83563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cccc\n",[15,83565,83566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83567,83568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83569,83563],{"class":66},[20,83571,49435,83572,1776,83574,83576],{},[15,83573,83377],{},[15,83575,78473],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[46,83578,36496,83580,36499],{"id":83579},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83581,82824],{},[20,83583,1900,83584,83586],{},[15,83585,82824],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83588,83589],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[51,83591,83593],{"className":53,"code":83592,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83594,83595,83603],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83596,83597,83599,83601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83598,350],{"class":66},[60,83600,71],{"class":70},[60,83602,7750],{"class":74},[60,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83606,140],{"class":139},[60,83608,124],{"class":74},[60,83610,82528],{"class":139},[60,83612,124],{"class":74},[60,83614,380],{"class":120},[60,83616,88],{"class":74},[60,83618,26409],{"class":9084},[60,83620,71],{"class":70},[60,83622,2039],{"class":357},[60,83624,1691],{"class":74},[20,83626,404],{},[51,83628,83629],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83630,83631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83632,83633],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83634,47136],{"class":357},[20,83636,83637],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83639,83640,83641,83643],{},"Without ",[15,83642,82824],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83645,51966],{},[51,83647,83649],{"className":53,"code":83648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83650,83651,83659,83686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83652,83653,83655,83657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83654,3983],{"class":66},[60,83656,71],{"class":70},[60,83658,7750],{"class":74},[60,83660,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83682,83684],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83662,688],{"class":66},[60,83664,71],{"class":70},[60,83666,82875],{"class":139},[60,83668,124],{"class":74},[60,83670,4025],{"class":120},[60,83672,88],{"class":74},[60,83674,26409],{"class":9084},[60,83676,71],{"class":70},[60,83678,79],{"class":78},[60,83680,83681],{"class":82},"no words found",[60,83683,79],{"class":78},[60,83685,133],{"class":74},[60,83687,83688,83690,83692,83694],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,83689,140],{"class":139},[60,83691,124],{"class":74},[60,83693,720],{"class":120},[60,83695,133],{"class":74},[20,83697,404],{},[51,83699,83701],{"className":53,"code":83700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"no words found\n",[15,83702,83703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83704,83705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83706,83700],{"class":66},[20,83708,83709],{},"Important:",[260,83711,83712,83720],{},[263,83713,83714,83716,83717],{},[15,83715,82824],{}," works with ",[15,83718,83719],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[263,83721,40790,83722,83724,83725],{},[41,83723,43],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83726,83727],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[46,83729,47871],{"id":47870},[20,83731,83732,83733,117],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83734,82469],{},[337,83736,83738,83740],{"id":83737},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83739,40588],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83742,83743,83744,1481,83746,117],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83745,82824],{},[15,83747,40588],{},[51,83749,83751],{"className":53,"code":83750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83752,83753,83761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83754,83755,83757,83759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83756,350],{"class":66},[60,83758,71],{"class":70},[60,83760,7750],{"class":74},[60,83762,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83764,140],{"class":139},[60,83766,124],{"class":74},[60,83768,82528],{"class":139},[60,83770,124],{"class":74},[60,83772,380],{"class":120},[60,83774,1691],{"class":74},[20,83776,29566],{},[51,83778,83780],{"className":53,"code":83779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83781,83782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83783,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83795,83797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83785,40588],{"class":1683},[60,83787,258],{"class":74},[60,83789,82875],{"class":139},[60,83791,7277],{"class":74},[60,83793,83794],{"class":66}," arg ",[60,83796,12088],{"class":70},[60,83798,83799],{"class":66}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83801,83802,83803,258],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83804,82824],{},[51,83806,83808],{"className":53,"code":83807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83809,83810,83818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83811,83812,83814,83816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83813,350],{"class":66},[60,83815,71],{"class":70},[60,83817,7750],{"class":74},[60,83819,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83821,140],{"class":139},[60,83823,124],{"class":74},[60,83825,82528],{"class":139},[60,83827,124],{"class":74},[60,83829,380],{"class":120},[60,83831,88],{"class":74},[60,83833,26409],{"class":9084},[60,83835,71],{"class":70},[60,83837,277],{"class":734},[60,83839,1691],{"class":74},[20,83841,83842,83843,117],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,83844,65727],{"href":72766},[337,83846,83848,83850],{"id":83847},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83849,2919],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83852,83853,83854,117],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83855,2919],{},[51,83857,83859],{"className":53,"code":83858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83860,83861,83885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83862,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83864,486],{"class":66},[60,83866,71],{"class":70},[60,83868,1512],{"class":74},[60,83870,2250],{"class":357},[60,83872,88],{"class":74},[60,83874,91],{"class":78},[60,83876,15645],{"class":82},[60,83878,79],{"class":78},[60,83880,88],{"class":74},[60,83882,7707],{"class":357},[60,83884,1525],{"class":74},[60,83886,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83888,140],{"class":139},[60,83890,124],{"class":74},[60,83892,82528],{"class":139},[60,83894,124],{"class":74},[60,83896,517],{"class":120},[60,83898,1691],{"class":74},[20,83900,83901],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83903,83904],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[51,83906,83908],{"className":53,"code":83907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83909,83910,83930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83911,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83913,486],{"class":66},[60,83915,71],{"class":70},[60,83917,1512],{"class":74},[60,83919,2250],{"class":357},[60,83921,88],{"class":74},[60,83923,7702],{"class":357},[60,83925,88],{"class":74},[60,83927,7707],{"class":357},[60,83929,1525],{"class":74},[60,83931,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83933,140],{"class":139},[60,83935,124],{"class":74},[60,83937,82528],{"class":139},[60,83939,124],{"class":74},[60,83941,517],{"class":120},[60,83943,1691],{"class":74},[20,83945,83946,83947,117],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[30,83948,83950],{"href":83949},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[337,83952,83954,83956],{"id":83953},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83955,2919],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83958,83959,83961],{},[15,83960,82469],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[51,83963,83965],{"className":53,"code":83964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max())\n",[15,83966,83967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83968,83969,83971,83973,83975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83970,140],{"class":139},[60,83972,124],{"class":74},[60,83974,82528],{"class":139},[60,83976,7105],{"class":74},[20,83978,2916,83979,117],{},[15,83980,2919],{},[46,83982,83984,474,83986],{"id":83983},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83985,82469],{},[15,83987,74312],{},[20,83989,83990],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83992,83993,258],{},[15,83994,82469],{},[260,83996,83997],{},[263,83998,83999],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84001,84002,258],{},[15,84003,74312],{},[260,84005,84006],{},[263,84007,84008],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84010,2127],{},[51,84012,84014],{"className":53,"code":84013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84015,84016,84040,84044,84058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84017,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84019,350],{"class":66},[60,84021,71],{"class":70},[60,84023,1512],{"class":74},[60,84025,389],{"class":357},[60,84027,88],{"class":74},[60,84029,6271],{"class":357},[60,84031,88],{"class":74},[60,84033,363],{"class":357},[60,84035,88],{"class":74},[60,84037,4516],{"class":357},[60,84039,1525],{"class":74},[60,84041,84042],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84043,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,84045,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,84047,140],{"class":139},[60,84049,124],{"class":74},[60,84051,82528],{"class":139},[60,84053,124],{"class":74},[60,84055,380],{"class":120},[60,84057,1691],{"class":74},[60,84059,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,84061,140],{"class":139},[60,84063,124],{"class":74},[60,84065,74402],{"class":139},[60,84067,124],{"class":74},[60,84069,380],{"class":120},[60,84071,1691],{"class":74},[20,84073,404],{},[51,84075,84077],{"className":53,"code":84076,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84078,84079,84083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84080,84081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84082,2301],{"class":357},[60,84084,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84086,3812],{"class":74},[60,84088,1303],{"class":357},[60,84090,88],{"class":74},[60,84092,368],{"class":357},[60,84094,88],{"class":74},[60,84096,4516],{"class":357},[60,84098,88],{"class":74},[60,84100,6271],{"class":357},[60,84102,1525],{"class":74},[20,84104,243,84105,84107],{},[15,84106,82469],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84109,243,84110,84114],{},[30,84111,84112],{"href":74409},[15,84113,74312],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84116,84117,84118,117],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[30,84119,84121],{"href":84120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84122,84123],{},"min()",[46,84125,1245],{"id":1244},[20,84127,84128],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[260,84130,84131,84138,84141,84146,84149],{},[263,84132,29535,84133,84135,84136],{},[15,84134,82469],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84137,82824],{},[263,84139,84140],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[263,84142,1254,84143,84145],{},[15,84144,82469],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[263,84147,84148],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[263,84150,8331,84151,84153],{},[15,84152,82824],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84155,11015],{},[51,84157,84159],{"className":53,"code":84158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84160,84161,84171,84185,84199,84213,84235],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84162,84163,84165,84167,84169],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84164,140],{"class":139},[60,84166,124],{"class":74},[60,84168,517],{"class":120},[60,84170,133],{"class":74},[60,84172,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84174,140],{"class":139},[60,84176,124],{"class":74},[60,84178,1684],{"class":1683},[60,84180,124],{"class":74},[60,84182,517],{"class":120},[60,84184,1691],{"class":74},[60,84186,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,84188,140],{"class":139},[60,84190,124],{"class":74},[60,84192,11064],{"class":139},[60,84194,124],{"class":74},[60,84196,517],{"class":120},[60,84198,1691],{"class":74},[60,84200,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,84202,140],{"class":139},[60,84204,124],{"class":74},[60,84206,82528],{"class":139},[60,84208,124],{"class":74},[60,84210,517],{"class":120},[60,84212,1691],{"class":74},[60,84214,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,84216,140],{"class":139},[60,84218,124],{"class":74},[60,84220,82528],{"class":139},[60,84222,124],{"class":74},[60,84224,517],{"class":120},[60,84226,88],{"class":74},[60,84228,26409],{"class":9084},[60,84230,71],{"class":70},[60,84232,277],{"class":734},[60,84234,1691],{"class":74},[60,84236,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,84238,140],{"class":139},[60,84240,1641],{"class":74},[60,84242,1684],{"class":1683},[60,84244,124],{"class":74},[60,84246,2093],{"class":120},[60,84248,174],{"class":74},[60,84250,3790],{"class":1153},[60,84252,3793],{"class":120},[60,84254,1703],{"class":1153},[60,84256,5877],{"class":120},[60,84258,1646],{"class":74},[20,84260,84261],{},"These are useful for checking:",[260,84263,84264,84269,84274,84277],{},[263,84265,84266,84267],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84268,517],{},[263,84270,79639,84271,84273],{},[15,84272,517],{}," is a list or some other type",[263,84275,84276],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[263,84278,84279],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84281,69235,84282,84285,84286,84288],{},[15,84283,84284],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84287,517],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[46,84290,1746],{"id":1745},[337,84292,1760,84294,5055],{"id":84293},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84295,82469],{},[20,84297,84298],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[337,84300,5079,84302,84304],{"id":84301},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84303,82469],{}," work with strings?",[20,84306,84307],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[337,84309,71534],{"id":71533},[20,84311,84312,52381,84314,84316,84317,84319],{},[15,84313,82469],{},[15,84315,40588],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84318,82824],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[337,84321,84323,84324,1779],{"id":84322},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84325,82469],{},[20,84327,243,84328,258],{},[15,84329,83377],{},[51,84331,84332],{"className":53,"code":83305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84333,84334,84366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84335,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84337,3983],{"class":66},[60,84339,71],{"class":70},[60,84341,1512],{"class":74},[60,84343,79],{"class":78},[60,84345,36931],{"class":82},[60,84347,79],{"class":78},[60,84349,88],{"class":74},[60,84351,91],{"class":78},[60,84353,68214],{"class":82},[60,84355,79],{"class":78},[60,84357,88],{"class":74},[60,84359,91],{"class":78},[60,84361,58013],{"class":82},[60,84363,79],{"class":78},[60,84365,1525],{"class":74},[60,84367,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84369,140],{"class":139},[60,84371,124],{"class":74},[60,84373,82528],{"class":139},[60,84375,124],{"class":74},[60,84377,4025],{"class":120},[60,84379,88],{"class":74},[60,84381,21468],{"class":9084},[60,84383,71],{"class":70},[60,84385,11064],{"class":139},[60,84387,1691],{"class":74},[337,84389,1773,84391,1776,84393,1779],{"id":84390},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84392,82469],{},[15,84394,74312],{},[20,84396,84397,84399,84400,84402],{},[15,84398,82469],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":84441},[84442,84443,84445,84446,84448,84450,84452,84457,84459,84467,84469,84470,84481],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":82659,"depth":111,"text":84444},"What max() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":82828,"depth":111,"text":84447},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82998,"depth":111,"text":84449},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83133,"depth":111,"text":84451},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78590,"depth":111,"text":79788,"children":84453},[84454,84455,84456],{"id":83301,"depth":136,"text":83302},{"id":83390,"depth":136,"text":83391},{"id":83472,"depth":136,"text":83473},{"id":83579,"depth":111,"text":84458},"Using the default argument",{"id":47870,"depth":111,"text":47871,"children":84460},[84461,84463,84465],{"id":83737,"depth":136,"text":84462},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83847,"depth":136,"text":84464},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83953,"depth":136,"text":84466},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83983,"depth":111,"text":84468},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":84471},[84472,84474,84476,84477,84479],{"id":84293,"depth":136,"text":84473},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84301,"depth":136,"text":84475},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71533,"depth":136,"text":71534},{"id":84322,"depth":136,"text":84478},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84390,"depth":136,"text":84480},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82461,"description":84482},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84489,"title":84490,"body":84491,"description":86445,"extension":1883,"meta":86446,"navigation":152,"path":86447,"seo":86448,"stem":86449,"__hash__":86450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84492,"toc":86402},[84493,84498,84503,84509,84511,84585,84587,84600,84605,84610,84626,84630,84635,84711,84717,84720,84763,84765,84773,84779,84782,84813,84815,84823,84829,84834,84893,84895,84904,84907,84917,84923,84928,84963,84965,84973,84979,84985,84990,85034,85036,85045,85048,85088,85090,85099,85102,85114,85119,85124,85175,85177,85186,85189,85240,85242,85251,85254,85261,85267,85272,85274,85289,85293,85353,85355,85364,85368,85540,85542,85579,85586,85592,85595,85622,85624,85645,85650,85685,85687,85695,85698,85701,85717,85722,85724,85728,85734,85738,85765,85768,85778,85818,85822,85825,85868,85870,85879,85882,85887,85956,85958,85966,85971,85975,85978,86029,86031,86039,86042,86105,86107,86115,86118,86123,86127,86140,86147,86155,86157,86159,86189,86195,86296,86306,86308,86313,86316,86321,86324,86326,86334,86342,86350,86357,86365,86367,86399],[10,84494,3491,84496,3495],{"id":84495},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84497,84123],{},[20,84499,84500,84502],{},[15,84501,84123],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84504,84505,84506,84508],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84507,84123],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[46,84510,49],{"id":48},[51,84512,84514],{"className":53,"code":84513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84515,84516,84540,84555,84559],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84517,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84519,350],{"class":66},[60,84521,71],{"class":70},[60,84523,1512],{"class":74},[60,84525,2056],{"class":357},[60,84527,88],{"class":74},[60,84529,363],{"class":357},[60,84531,88],{"class":74},[60,84533,54022],{"class":357},[60,84535,88],{"class":74},[60,84537,5408],{"class":357},[60,84539,1525],{"class":74},[60,84541,84542,84544,84546,84549,84551,84553],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84543,140],{"class":139},[60,84545,124],{"class":74},[60,84547,84548],{"class":139},"min",[60,84550,124],{"class":74},[60,84552,380],{"class":120},[60,84554,1691],{"class":74},[60,84556,84557],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,84558,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,84560,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,84562,140],{"class":139},[60,84564,124],{"class":74},[60,84566,84548],{"class":139},[60,84568,124],{"class":74},[60,84570,2056],{"class":357},[60,84572,88],{"class":74},[60,84574,363],{"class":357},[60,84576,88],{"class":74},[60,84578,54022],{"class":357},[60,84580,88],{"class":74},[60,84582,5408],{"class":357},[60,84584,1691],{"class":74},[20,84586,404],{},[51,84588,84590],{"className":53,"code":84589,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n1\n",[15,84591,84592,84596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84593,84594],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84595,46801],{"class":357},[60,84597,84598],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84599,46801],{"class":357},[20,84601,243,84602,84604],{},[15,84603,84123],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[46,84606,250,84608,253],{"id":84607},"what-min-does",[15,84609,84123],{},[260,84611,84612,84617,84620,84623],{},[263,84613,84614,84616],{},[15,84615,84123],{}," returns the smallest item",[263,84618,84619],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[263,84621,84622],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[263,84624,84625],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[46,84627,84629],{"id":84628},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84631,84632,84633,258],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84634,84123],{},[51,84636,84638],{"className":53,"code":84637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84639,84640,84650,84675,84693],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84641,84642,84644,84646,84648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84643,84548],{"class":139},[60,84645,124],{"class":74},[60,84647,3634],{"class":120},[60,84649,133],{"class":74},[60,84651,84652,84654,84656,84659,84661,84664,84666,84669,84671,84673],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84653,84548],{"class":139},[60,84655,124],{"class":74},[60,84657,84658],{"class":120},"value1",[60,84660,88],{"class":74},[60,84662,84663],{"class":120}," value2",[60,84665,88],{"class":74},[60,84667,84668],{"class":120}," value3",[60,84670,88],{"class":74},[60,84672,34339],{"class":139},[60,84674,133],{"class":74},[60,84676,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,84678,84548],{"class":139},[60,84680,124],{"class":74},[60,84682,3634],{"class":120},[60,84684,88],{"class":74},[60,84686,21468],{"class":9084},[60,84688,71],{"class":70},[60,84690,37254],{"class":139},[60,84692,133],{"class":74},[60,84694,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,84696,84548],{"class":139},[60,84698,124],{"class":74},[60,84700,3634],{"class":120},[60,84702,88],{"class":74},[60,84704,26409],{"class":9084},[60,84706,71],{"class":70},[60,84708,37254],{"class":139},[60,84710,133],{"class":74},[337,84712,84714],{"id":84713},"miniterable",[15,84715,84716],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84718,84719],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[51,84721,84723],{"className":53,"code":84722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84724,84725,84749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84726,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84728,350],{"class":66},[60,84730,71],{"class":70},[60,84732,1512],{"class":74},[60,84734,2265],{"class":357},[60,84736,88],{"class":74},[60,84738,368],{"class":357},[60,84740,88],{"class":74},[60,84742,30828],{"class":357},[60,84744,88],{"class":74},[60,84746,5408],{"class":357},[60,84748,1525],{"class":74},[60,84750,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84752,140],{"class":139},[60,84754,124],{"class":74},[60,84756,84548],{"class":139},[60,84758,124],{"class":74},[60,84760,380],{"class":120},[60,84762,1691],{"class":74},[20,84764,404],{},[51,84766,84767],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84768,84769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84770,84771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84772,46801],{"class":357},[337,84774,84776],{"id":84775},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84777,84778],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84780,84781],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[51,84783,84785],{"className":53,"code":84784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84786,84787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84788,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84790,140],{"class":139},[60,84792,124],{"class":74},[60,84794,84548],{"class":139},[60,84796,124],{"class":74},[60,84798,2265],{"class":357},[60,84800,88],{"class":74},[60,84802,368],{"class":357},[60,84804,88],{"class":74},[60,84806,30828],{"class":357},[60,84808,88],{"class":74},[60,84810,5408],{"class":357},[60,84812,1691],{"class":74},[20,84814,404],{},[51,84816,84817],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84818,84819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84820,84821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84822,46801],{"class":357},[337,84824,84826],{"id":84825},"miniterable-key",[15,84827,84828],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84830,243,84831,84833],{},[15,84832,14732],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[51,84835,84837],{"className":53,"code":84836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84838,84839,84871],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84840,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84842,3983],{"class":66},[60,84844,71],{"class":70},[60,84846,1512],{"class":74},[60,84848,79],{"class":78},[60,84850,78632],{"class":82},[60,84852,79],{"class":78},[60,84854,88],{"class":74},[60,84856,91],{"class":78},[60,84858,38225],{"class":82},[60,84860,79],{"class":78},[60,84862,88],{"class":74},[60,84864,91],{"class":78},[60,84866,504],{"class":82},[60,84868,79],{"class":78},[60,84870,1525],{"class":74},[60,84872,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84874,140],{"class":139},[60,84876,124],{"class":74},[60,84878,84548],{"class":139},[60,84880,124],{"class":74},[60,84882,4025],{"class":120},[60,84884,88],{"class":74},[60,84886,21468],{"class":9084},[60,84888,71],{"class":70},[60,84890,11064],{"class":139},[60,84892,1691],{"class":74},[20,84894,404],{},[51,84896,84898],{"className":53,"code":84897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"kiwi\n",[15,84899,84900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84901,84902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84903,84897],{"class":66},[20,84905,84906],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84908,84909,84910,84912,84913,117],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84911,42245],{},", see the ",[30,84914,84915,3424],{"href":42242},[15,84916,42245],{},[337,84918,84920],{"id":84919},"miniterable-default",[15,84921,84922],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84924,243,84925,84927],{},[15,84926,82824],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[51,84929,84931],{"className":53,"code":84930,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84932,84933,84941],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84934,84935,84937,84939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84936,350],{"class":66},[60,84938,71],{"class":70},[60,84940,7750],{"class":74},[60,84942,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84944,140],{"class":139},[60,84946,124],{"class":74},[60,84948,84548],{"class":139},[60,84950,124],{"class":74},[60,84952,380],{"class":120},[60,84954,88],{"class":74},[60,84956,26409],{"class":9084},[60,84958,71],{"class":70},[60,84960,2039],{"class":357},[60,84962,1691],{"class":74},[20,84964,404],{},[51,84966,84967],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84968,84969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84970,84971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84972,47136],{"class":357},[20,84974,84975,84976,84978],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84977,40588],{}," when there is no item to return.",[46,84980,8331,84982,84984],{"id":84981},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84983,84123],{}," with numbers",[20,84986,84987,84989],{},[15,84988,84123],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[51,84991,84993],{"className":53,"code":84992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84994,84995,85020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84996,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84998,4974],{"class":66},[60,85000,71],{"class":70},[60,85002,1512],{"class":74},[60,85004,51391],{"class":357},[60,85006,88],{"class":74},[60,85008,85009],{"class":357}," 72",[60,85011,88],{"class":74},[60,85013,28791],{"class":357},[60,85015,88],{"class":74},[60,85017,75988],{"class":357},[60,85019,1525],{"class":74},[60,85021,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85023,140],{"class":139},[60,85025,124],{"class":74},[60,85027,84548],{"class":139},[60,85029,124],{"class":74},[60,85031,16280],{"class":120},[60,85033,1691],{"class":74},[20,85035,404],{},[51,85037,85039],{"className":53,"code":85038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"60\n",[15,85040,85041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85042,85043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85044,85038],{"class":357},[20,85046,85047],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[51,85049,85051],{"className":53,"code":85050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85052,85053,85074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85054,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85068,85070,85072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85056,82936],{"class":66},[60,85058,71],{"class":70},[60,85060,1512],{"class":74},[60,85062,40282],{"class":357},[60,85064,88],{"class":74},[60,85066,85067],{"class":357}," 5.49",[60,85069,88],{"class":74},[60,85071,82952],{"class":357},[60,85073,1525],{"class":74},[60,85075,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85077,140],{"class":139},[60,85079,124],{"class":74},[60,85081,84548],{"class":139},[60,85083,124],{"class":74},[60,85085,82972],{"class":120},[60,85087,1691],{"class":74},[20,85089,404],{},[51,85091,85093],{"className":53,"code":85092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.49\n",[15,85094,85095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85096,85097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85098,85092],{"class":357},[20,85100,85101],{},"This is useful for things like:",[260,85103,85104,85106,85108,85111],{},[263,85105,16280],{},[263,85107,82972],{},[263,85109,85110],{},"measurements",[263,85112,85113],{},"ages",[46,85115,8331,85117,46943],{"id":85116},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85118,84123],{},[20,85120,85121,85123],{},[15,85122,84123],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[51,85125,85127],{"className":53,"code":85126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85128,85129,85161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85130,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85132,3983],{"class":66},[60,85134,71],{"class":70},[60,85136,1512],{"class":74},[60,85138,79],{"class":78},[60,85140,504],{"class":82},[60,85142,79],{"class":78},[60,85144,88],{"class":74},[60,85146,91],{"class":78},[60,85148,495],{"class":82},[60,85150,79],{"class":78},[60,85152,88],{"class":74},[60,85154,91],{"class":78},[60,85156,4008],{"class":82},[60,85158,79],{"class":78},[60,85160,1525],{"class":74},[60,85162,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85164,140],{"class":139},[60,85166,124],{"class":74},[60,85168,84548],{"class":139},[60,85170,124],{"class":74},[60,85172,4025],{"class":120},[60,85174,1691],{"class":74},[20,85176,404],{},[51,85178,85180],{"className":53,"code":85179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple\n",[15,85181,85182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85183,85184],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85185,85179],{"class":66},[20,85187,85188],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[51,85190,85192],{"className":53,"code":85191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85193,85194,85226],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85195,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85197,3983],{"class":66},[60,85199,71],{"class":70},[60,85201,1512],{"class":74},[60,85203,79],{"class":78},[60,85205,504],{"class":82},[60,85207,79],{"class":78},[60,85209,88],{"class":74},[60,85211,91],{"class":78},[60,85213,57654],{"class":82},[60,85215,79],{"class":78},[60,85217,88],{"class":74},[60,85219,91],{"class":78},[60,85221,4008],{"class":82},[60,85223,79],{"class":78},[60,85225,1525],{"class":74},[60,85227,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85229,140],{"class":139},[60,85231,124],{"class":74},[60,85233,84548],{"class":139},[60,85235,124],{"class":74},[60,85237,4025],{"class":120},[60,85239,1691],{"class":74},[20,85241,404],{},[51,85243,85245],{"className":53,"code":85244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\n",[15,85246,85247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85248,85249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85250,85244],{"class":66},[20,85252,85253],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85255,85256,85257,117],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[30,85258,85259,5694],{"href":74409},[15,85260,74312],{},[46,85262,8331,85264,85266],{"id":85263},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85265,84123],{}," with a key function",[20,85268,1900,85269,85271],{},[15,85270,14732],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85273,11358],{},[260,85275,85276,85281,85286],{},[263,85277,85278,85280],{},[15,85279,14732],{}," changes the comparison rule",[263,85282,85283,85285],{},[15,85284,84123],{}," still returns the original item",[263,85287,85288],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[337,85290,85292],{"id":85291},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[51,85294,85296],{"className":53,"code":85295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85297,85298,85331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85299,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85327,85329],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85301,3983],{"class":66},[60,85303,71],{"class":70},[60,85305,1512],{"class":74},[60,85307,79],{"class":78},[60,85309,68214],{"class":82},[60,85311,79],{"class":78},[60,85313,88],{"class":74},[60,85315,91],{"class":78},[60,85317,36931],{"class":82},[60,85319,79],{"class":78},[60,85321,88],{"class":74},[60,85323,91],{"class":78},[60,85325,85326],{"class":82},"giraffe",[60,85328,79],{"class":78},[60,85330,1525],{"class":74},[60,85332,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85334,140],{"class":139},[60,85336,124],{"class":74},[60,85338,84548],{"class":139},[60,85340,124],{"class":74},[60,85342,4025],{"class":120},[60,85344,88],{"class":74},[60,85346,21468],{"class":9084},[60,85348,71],{"class":70},[60,85350,11064],{"class":139},[60,85352,1691],{"class":74},[20,85354,404],{},[51,85356,85358],{"className":53,"code":85357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat\n",[15,85359,85360],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85361,85362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85363,85357],{"class":66},[337,85365,85367],{"id":85366},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[51,85369,85371],{"className":53,"code":85370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85372,85373,85383,85418,85450,85482,85486,85490,85529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85374,85375,85378,85380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85376,85377],{"class":66},"students ",[60,85379,71],{"class":70},[60,85381,85382],{"class":74}," [\n",[60,85384,85385,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85409,85411,85413,85415],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85386,85387],{"class":74},"    {",[60,85389,79],{"class":78},[60,85391,7580],{"class":82},[60,85393,79],{"class":78},[60,85395,258],{"class":74},[60,85397,91],{"class":78},[60,85399,12774],{"class":82},[60,85401,79],{"class":78},[60,85403,88],{"class":74},[60,85405,91],{"class":78},[60,85407,85408],{"class":82},"score",[60,85410,79],{"class":78},[60,85412,258],{"class":74},[60,85414,13398],{"class":357},[60,85416,85417],{"class":74},"},\n",[60,85419,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,85421,85387],{"class":74},[60,85423,79],{"class":78},[60,85425,7580],{"class":82},[60,85427,79],{"class":78},[60,85429,258],{"class":74},[60,85431,91],{"class":78},[60,85433,35827],{"class":82},[60,85435,79],{"class":78},[60,85437,88],{"class":74},[60,85439,91],{"class":78},[60,85441,85408],{"class":82},[60,85443,79],{"class":78},[60,85445,258],{"class":74},[60,85447,85009],{"class":357},[60,85449,85417],{"class":74},[60,85451,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,85453,85387],{"class":74},[60,85455,79],{"class":78},[60,85457,7580],{"class":82},[60,85459,79],{"class":78},[60,85461,258],{"class":74},[60,85463,91],{"class":78},[60,85465,35836],{"class":82},[60,85467,79],{"class":78},[60,85469,88],{"class":74},[60,85471,91],{"class":78},[60,85473,85408],{"class":82},[60,85475,79],{"class":78},[60,85477,258],{"class":74},[60,85479,19787],{"class":357},[60,85481,108],{"class":74},[60,85483,85484],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,85485,1525],{"class":74},[60,85487,85488],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,85489,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,85491,85492,85495,85497,85500,85502,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,85493,85494],{"class":66},"lowest ",[60,85496,71],{"class":70},[60,85498,85499],{"class":139}," min",[60,85501,124],{"class":74},[60,85503,85504],{"class":120},"students",[60,85506,88],{"class":74},[60,85508,21468],{"class":9084},[60,85510,71],{"class":70},[60,85512,37543],{"class":1984},[60,85514,12800],{"class":37546},[60,85516,258],{"class":74},[60,85518,12800],{"class":120},[60,85520,3812],{"class":74},[60,85522,79],{"class":78},[60,85524,85408],{"class":82},[60,85526,79],{"class":78},[60,85528,1646],{"class":74},[60,85530,85531,85533,85535,85538],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,85532,140],{"class":139},[60,85534,124],{"class":74},[60,85536,85537],{"class":120},"lowest",[60,85539,133],{"class":74},[20,85541,404],{},[51,85543,85545],{"className":53,"code":85544,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85546,85547],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85548,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85550,202],{"class":74},[60,85552,205],{"class":78},[60,85554,7580],{"class":82},[60,85556,205],{"class":78},[60,85558,258],{"class":74},[60,85560,214],{"class":78},[60,85562,35827],{"class":82},[60,85564,205],{"class":78},[60,85566,88],{"class":74},[60,85568,214],{"class":78},[60,85570,85408],{"class":82},[60,85572,205],{"class":78},[60,85574,258],{"class":74},[60,85576,85009],{"class":357},[60,85578,108],{"class":74},[20,85580,85581,85582,85585],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85583,85584],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[46,85587,8331,85589,85591],{"id":85588},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85590,82824],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85593,85594],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[51,85596,85598],{"className":53,"code":85597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85599,85600,85608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85601,85602,85604,85606],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85603,350],{"class":66},[60,85605,71],{"class":70},[60,85607,7750],{"class":74},[60,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85611,140],{"class":139},[60,85613,124],{"class":74},[60,85615,84548],{"class":139},[60,85617,124],{"class":74},[60,85619,380],{"class":120},[60,85621,1691],{"class":74},[20,85623,404],{},[51,85625,85627],{"className":53,"code":85626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85628,85629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85630,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85632,40588],{"class":1683},[60,85634,258],{"class":74},[60,85636,85499],{"class":139},[60,85638,7277],{"class":74},[60,85640,83794],{"class":66},[60,85642,12088],{"class":70},[60,85644,83799],{"class":66},[20,85646,85647,85648,258],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85649,82824],{},[51,85651,85653],{"className":53,"code":85652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85654,85655,85663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85656,85657,85659,85661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85658,350],{"class":66},[60,85660,71],{"class":70},[60,85662,7750],{"class":74},[60,85664,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85666,140],{"class":139},[60,85668,124],{"class":74},[60,85670,84548],{"class":139},[60,85672,124],{"class":74},[60,85674,380],{"class":120},[60,85676,88],{"class":74},[60,85678,26409],{"class":9084},[60,85680,71],{"class":70},[60,85682,277],{"class":734},[60,85684,1691],{"class":74},[20,85686,404],{},[51,85688,85689],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85690,85691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85692,85693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85694,727],{"class":734},[20,85696,85697],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85699,85700],{},"Remember:",[260,85702,85703,85711],{},[263,85704,85705,85707,85708,85710],{},[15,85706,82824],{}," works only when ",[15,85709,84123],{}," gets one iterable argument",[263,85712,85713,85714],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85715,85716],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85718,85719,85720,117],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[30,85721,65727],{"href":72766},[46,85723,10648],{"id":10647},[20,85725,56661,85726,117],{},[15,85727,84123],{},[337,85729,85731,85732],{"id":85730},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85733,82824],{},[20,85735,2916,85736,258],{},[15,85737,40588],{},[51,85739,85741],{"className":53,"code":85740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85742,85743,85751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85744,85745,85747,85749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85746,486],{"class":66},[60,85748,71],{"class":70},[60,85750,7750],{"class":74},[60,85752,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85754,140],{"class":139},[60,85756,124],{"class":74},[60,85758,84548],{"class":139},[60,85760,124],{"class":74},[60,85762,517],{"class":120},[60,85764,1691],{"class":74},[20,85766,85767],{},"Fix it by:",[260,85769,85770,85773],{},[263,85771,85772],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[263,85774,85775,85776],{},"or using ",[15,85777,82824],{},[51,85779,85781],{"className":53,"code":85780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85782,85783,85791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85784,85785,85787,85789],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85786,486],{"class":66},[60,85788,71],{"class":70},[60,85790,7750],{"class":74},[60,85792,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85814,85816],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85794,140],{"class":139},[60,85796,124],{"class":74},[60,85798,84548],{"class":139},[60,85800,124],{"class":74},[60,85802,517],{"class":120},[60,85804,88],{"class":74},[60,85806,26409],{"class":9084},[60,85808,71],{"class":70},[60,85810,79],{"class":78},[60,85812,85813],{"class":82},"no items",[60,85815,79],{"class":78},[60,85817,1691],{"class":74},[337,85819,85821],{"id":85820},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85823,85824],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[51,85826,85828],{"className":53,"code":85827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85829,85830,85854],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85831,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85833,1613],{"class":66},[60,85835,71],{"class":70},[60,85837,1512],{"class":74},[60,85839,2250],{"class":357},[60,85841,88],{"class":74},[60,85843,91],{"class":78},[60,85845,15645],{"class":82},[60,85847,79],{"class":78},[60,85849,88],{"class":74},[60,85851,4516],{"class":357},[60,85853,1525],{"class":74},[60,85855,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85857,140],{"class":139},[60,85859,124],{"class":74},[60,85861,84548],{"class":139},[60,85863,124],{"class":74},[60,85865,1634],{"class":120},[60,85867,1691],{"class":74},[20,85869,404],{},[51,85871,85873],{"className":53,"code":85872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError\n",[15,85874,85875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85876,85877],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85878,85872],{"class":1683},[20,85880,85881],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85883,85884,85885,117],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85886,84123],{},[51,85888,85890],{"className":53,"code":85889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85891,85892,85916,85942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85893,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85895,1613],{"class":66},[60,85897,71],{"class":70},[60,85899,1512],{"class":74},[60,85901,2250],{"class":357},[60,85903,88],{"class":74},[60,85905,91],{"class":78},[60,85907,15645],{"class":82},[60,85909,79],{"class":78},[60,85911,88],{"class":74},[60,85913,4516],{"class":357},[60,85915,1525],{"class":74},[60,85917,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85919,350],{"class":66},[60,85921,71],{"class":70},[60,85923,1512],{"class":74},[60,85925,2108],{"class":1683},[60,85927,124],{"class":74},[60,85929,2093],{"class":120},[60,85931,174],{"class":74},[60,85933,3790],{"class":1153},[60,85935,3793],{"class":66},[60,85937,1703],{"class":1153},[60,85939,14457],{"class":66},[60,85941,1525],{"class":74},[60,85943,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,85945,140],{"class":139},[60,85947,124],{"class":74},[60,85949,84548],{"class":139},[60,85951,124],{"class":74},[60,85953,380],{"class":120},[60,85955,1691],{"class":74},[20,85957,404],{},[51,85959,85960],{"className":53,"code":2862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85961,85962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85963,85964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85965,2862],{"class":357},[20,85967,85968,85969,117],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85970,2919],{},[337,85972,85974],{"id":85973},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85976,85977],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[51,85979,85981],{"className":53,"code":85980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85982,85983,86015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85984,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85986,3983],{"class":66},[60,85988,71],{"class":70},[60,85990,1512],{"class":74},[60,85992,79],{"class":78},[60,85994,79448],{"class":82},[60,85996,79],{"class":78},[60,85998,88],{"class":74},[60,86000,91],{"class":78},[60,86002,57654],{"class":82},[60,86004,79],{"class":78},[60,86006,88],{"class":74},[60,86008,91],{"class":78},[60,86010,79465],{"class":82},[60,86012,79],{"class":78},[60,86014,1525],{"class":74},[60,86016,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86018,140],{"class":139},[60,86020,124],{"class":74},[60,86022,84548],{"class":139},[60,86024,124],{"class":74},[60,86026,4025],{"class":120},[60,86028,1691],{"class":74},[20,86030,404],{},[51,86032,86033],{"className":53,"code":85244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,86034,86035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86036,86037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86038,85244],{"class":66},[20,86040,86041],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[51,86043,86045],{"className":53,"code":86044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86046,86047,86079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86048,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86050,3983],{"class":66},[60,86052,71],{"class":70},[60,86054,1512],{"class":74},[60,86056,79],{"class":78},[60,86058,79448],{"class":82},[60,86060,79],{"class":78},[60,86062,88],{"class":74},[60,86064,91],{"class":78},[60,86066,57654],{"class":82},[60,86068,79],{"class":78},[60,86070,88],{"class":74},[60,86072,91],{"class":78},[60,86074,79465],{"class":82},[60,86076,79],{"class":78},[60,86078,1525],{"class":74},[60,86080,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86082,140],{"class":139},[60,86084,124],{"class":74},[60,86086,84548],{"class":139},[60,86088,124],{"class":74},[60,86090,4025],{"class":120},[60,86092,88],{"class":74},[60,86094,21468],{"class":9084},[60,86096,71],{"class":70},[60,86098,3358],{"class":1683},[60,86100,117],{"class":74},[60,86102,8552],{"class":1723},[60,86104,1691],{"class":74},[20,86106,404],{},[51,86108,86109],{"className":53,"code":85244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,86110,86111],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86112,86113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86114,85244],{"class":66},[20,86116,86117],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[46,86119,1220,86121],{"id":86120},"when-to-use-min",[15,86122,84123],{},[20,86124,243,86125,1227],{},[15,86126,84123],{},[260,86128,86129,86132,86137],{},[263,86130,86131],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[263,86133,86134,86135],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86136,14732],{},[263,86138,86139],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86141,243,86142,86146],{},[30,86143,86144],{"href":74409},[15,86145,74312],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86148,243,86149,86154],{},[30,86150,86152],{"href":86151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86153,82469],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[46,86156,1245],{"id":1244},[20,86158,84128],{},[260,86160,86161,86169,86172,86177,86184],{},[263,86162,86163,86164,86166,86167],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86165,84123],{}," without using ",[15,86168,82824],{},[263,86170,86171],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[263,86173,1254,86174,86176],{},[15,86175,84123],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[263,86178,4615,86179,86181,86182,85285],{},[15,86180,14732],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86183,84123],{},[263,86185,8331,86186,86188],{},[15,86187,82824],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86190,86191,86192,86194],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86193,84123],{},", these quick checks can help:",[51,86196,86198],{"className":53,"code":86197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86199,86200,86214,86224,86238,86252,86274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86201,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86203,140],{"class":139},[60,86205,124],{"class":74},[60,86207,1684],{"class":1683},[60,86209,124],{"class":74},[60,86211,1634],{"class":120},[60,86213,1691],{"class":74},[60,86215,86216,86218,86220,86222],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86217,140],{"class":139},[60,86219,124],{"class":74},[60,86221,1634],{"class":120},[60,86223,133],{"class":74},[60,86225,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,86227,140],{"class":139},[60,86229,124],{"class":74},[60,86231,11064],{"class":139},[60,86233,124],{"class":74},[60,86235,1634],{"class":120},[60,86237,1691],{"class":74},[60,86239,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,86241,140],{"class":139},[60,86243,124],{"class":74},[60,86245,84548],{"class":139},[60,86247,124],{"class":74},[60,86249,1634],{"class":120},[60,86251,1691],{"class":74},[60,86253,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,86255,140],{"class":139},[60,86257,124],{"class":74},[60,86259,84548],{"class":139},[60,86261,124],{"class":74},[60,86263,1634],{"class":120},[60,86265,88],{"class":74},[60,86267,26409],{"class":9084},[60,86269,71],{"class":70},[60,86271,277],{"class":734},[60,86273,1691],{"class":74},[60,86275,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,86277,140],{"class":139},[60,86279,124],{"class":74},[60,86281,84548],{"class":139},[60,86283,124],{"class":74},[60,86285,4025],{"class":120},[60,86287,88],{"class":74},[60,86289,21468],{"class":9084},[60,86291,71],{"class":70},[60,86293,11064],{"class":139},[60,86295,1691],{"class":74},[20,86297,86298,86299,86302,86303,86305],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86300,86301],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86304,1634],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[46,86307,1746],{"id":1745},[337,86309,1760,86311,5055],{"id":86310},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86312,84123],{},[20,86314,86315],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[337,86317,5079,86319,84304],{"id":86318},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86320,84123],{},[20,86322,86323],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[337,86325,71534],{"id":71533},[20,86327,86328,52381,86330,84316,86332,36505],{},[15,86329,84123],{},[15,86331,40588],{},[15,86333,82824],{},[337,86335,1760,86337,86339,86340,1779],{"id":86336},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86338,14732],{}," do in ",[15,86341,84123],{},[20,86343,86344,86346,86347,86349],{},[15,86345,14732],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86348,83377],{}," compares strings by length.",[337,86351,1773,86353,1776,86355,1779],{"id":86352},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86354,84123],{},[15,86356,74312],{},[20,86358,86359,86361,86362,86364],{},[15,86360,84123],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86363,74312],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[46,86366,1808],{"id":1807},[260,86368,86369,86375,86381,86387,86391,86395],{},[263,86370,86371],{},[30,86372,86373,3424],{"href":86151},[15,86374,82469],{},[263,86376,86377],{},[30,86378,86379,3424],{"href":74409},[15,86380,74312],{},[263,86382,86383],{},[30,86384,86385,3424],{"href":42242},[15,86386,42245],{},[263,86388,86389],{},[30,86390,79761],{"href":78264},[263,86392,86393],{},[30,86394,58842],{"href":58841},[263,86396,86397],{},[30,86398,65727],{"href":72766},[1841,86400,86401],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":86403},[86404,86405,86407,86413,86415,86417,86422,86424,86430,86432,86433,86444],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":84607,"depth":111,"text":86406},"What min() does",{"id":84628,"depth":111,"text":84629,"children":86408},[86409,86410,86411,86412],{"id":84713,"depth":136,"text":84716},{"id":84775,"depth":136,"text":84778},{"id":84825,"depth":136,"text":84828},{"id":84919,"depth":136,"text":84922},{"id":84981,"depth":111,"text":86414},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85116,"depth":111,"text":86416},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85263,"depth":111,"text":86418,"children":86419},"Using min() with a key function",[86420,86421],{"id":85291,"depth":136,"text":85292},{"id":85366,"depth":136,"text":85367},{"id":85588,"depth":111,"text":86423},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10647,"depth":111,"text":10648,"children":86425},[86426,86428,86429],{"id":85730,"depth":136,"text":86427},"Empty list without default",{"id":85820,"depth":136,"text":85821},{"id":85973,"depth":136,"text":85974},{"id":86120,"depth":111,"text":86431},"When to use min()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":86434},[86435,86437,86439,86440,86442],{"id":86310,"depth":136,"text":86436},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86318,"depth":136,"text":86438},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71533,"depth":136,"text":71534},{"id":86336,"depth":136,"text":86441},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86352,"depth":136,"text":86443},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84490,"description":86445},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86452,"title":86453,"body":86454,"description":88633,"extension":1883,"meta":88634,"navigation":152,"path":88635,"seo":88636,"stem":88637,"__hash__":88638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86455,"toc":88597},[86456,86459,86465,86471,86473,86554,86563,86567,86572,86574,86619,86621,86701,86707,86709,86712,86744,86746,86764,86766,86839,86841,86860,86864,86867,86903,86905,86972,87046,87119,87124,87128,87134,87137,87154,87157,87159,87220,87222,87242,87248,87252,87255,87325,87328,87347,87352,87428,87431,87435,87441,87445,87450,87520,87524,87529,87603,87607,87610,87685,87696,87700,87705,87795,87800,87868,87871,87890,87901,87905,87908,87913,87916,87978,87981,87992,87997,88000,88003,88008,88011,88014,88018,88021,88027,88030,88041,88043,88105,88120,88126,88129,88132,88143,88154,88160,88163,88165,88227,88237,88243,88248,88254,88258,88264,88267,88288,88290,88295,88322,88325,88352,88355,88394,88397,88435,88438,88499,88502,88504,88508,88511,88515,88521,88529,88537,88541,88544,88548,88554,88556,88594],[10,86457,86453],{"id":86458},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86460,86461,86464],{},[15,86462,86463],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86466,86467,86468,86470],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86469,86463],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[46,86472,49],{"id":48},[51,86474,86476],{"className":53,"code":86475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86477,86478,86527,86543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86479,86480,86483,86486,86488,86490,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86508,86510,86512,86515,86517,86519,86521,86525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86481,86482],{"class":1153},"with",[60,86484,86485],{"class":139}," open",[60,86487,124],{"class":74},[60,86489,79],{"class":78},[60,86491,86492],{"class":82},"example.txt",[60,86494,79],{"class":78},[60,86496,88],{"class":74},[60,86498,91],{"class":78},[60,86500,60392],{"class":82},[60,86502,79],{"class":78},[60,86504,88],{"class":74},[60,86506,86507],{"class":9084}," encoding",[60,86509,71],{"class":70},[60,86511,79],{"class":78},[60,86513,86514],{"class":82},"utf-8",[60,86516,79],{"class":78},[60,86518,174],{"class":74},[60,86520,47242],{"class":1153},[60,86522,86524],{"class":86523},"sMMDD"," file",[60,86526,1168],{"class":74},[60,86528,86529,86532,86534,86536,86538,86541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86530,86531],{"class":66},"    content ",[60,86533,71],{"class":70},[60,86535,86524],{"class":86523},[60,86537,117],{"class":74},[60,86539,86540],{"class":120},"read",[60,86542,8555],{"class":74},[60,86544,86545,86547,86549,86552],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,86546,7981],{"class":139},[60,86548,124],{"class":74},[60,86550,86551],{"class":120},"content",[60,86553,133],{"class":74},[20,86555,243,86556,86558,86559,86562],{},[15,86557,86482],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86560,86561],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[46,86564,86566],{"id":86565},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86568,86569,86571],{},[15,86570,86463],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86573,11358],{},[260,86575,86576,86579,86584,86589],{},[263,86577,86578],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[263,86580,40790,86581,86583],{},[41,86582,43],{}," read or write anything by itself",[263,86585,17313,86586],{},[41,86587,86588],{},"file object",[263,86590,86591,86592],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[260,86593,86594,86599,86604,86609,86614],{},[263,86595,86596],{},[15,86597,86598],{},"read()",[263,86600,86601],{},[15,86602,86603],{},"readline()",[263,86605,86606],{},[15,86607,86608],{},"readlines()",[263,86610,86611],{},[15,86612,86613],{},"write()",[263,86615,86616],{},[15,86617,86618],{},"close()",[20,86620,2127],{},[51,86622,86624],{"className":53,"code":86623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86625,86626,86665,86680,86690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86627,86628,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86629,86630],{"class":86523},"file",[60,86632,13167],{"class":70},[60,86634,86485],{"class":139},[60,86636,124],{"class":74},[60,86638,79],{"class":78},[60,86640,86492],{"class":82},[60,86642,79],{"class":78},[60,86644,88],{"class":74},[60,86646,91],{"class":78},[60,86648,60392],{"class":82},[60,86650,79],{"class":78},[60,86652,88],{"class":74},[60,86654,86507],{"class":9084},[60,86656,71],{"class":70},[60,86658,79],{"class":78},[60,86660,86514],{"class":82},[60,86662,79],{"class":78},[60,86664,133],{"class":74},[60,86666,86667,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86668,86669],{"class":66},"content ",[60,86671,71],{"class":70},[60,86673,86524],{"class":86523},[60,86675,117],{"class":74},[60,86677,86540],{"class":120},[60,86679,8555],{"class":74},[60,86681,86682,86684,86686,86688],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,86683,140],{"class":139},[60,86685,124],{"class":74},[60,86687,86551],{"class":120},[60,86689,133],{"class":74},[60,86691,86692,86694,86696,86699],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,86693,86630],{"class":86523},[60,86695,117],{"class":74},[60,86697,86698],{"class":120},"close",[60,86700,8555],{"class":74},[20,86702,86703,86704,86706],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86705,86482],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[46,86708,296],{"id":295},[20,86710,86711],{},"A common form is:",[51,86713,86715],{"className":53,"code":86714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86716,86717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86718,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86720,42311],{"class":139},[60,86722,124],{"class":74},[60,86724,86630],{"class":86523},[60,86726,88],{"class":74},[60,86728,86729],{"class":120}," mode",[60,86731,88],{"class":74},[60,86733,86507],{"class":9084},[60,86735,71],{"class":70},[60,86737,79],{"class":78},[60,86739,86514],{"class":82},[60,86741,79],{"class":78},[60,86743,133],{"class":74},[20,86745,64933],{},[260,86747,86748,86753,86758],{},[263,86749,86750,86752],{},[15,86751,86630],{}," is the file name or file path",[263,86754,86755,86757],{},[15,86756,20808],{}," controls how the file is opened",[263,86759,86760,86763],{},[15,86761,86762],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86765,2127],{},[51,86767,86769],{"className":53,"code":86768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86770,86771,86814,86829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86772,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86774,86482],{"class":1153},[60,86776,86485],{"class":139},[60,86778,124],{"class":74},[60,86780,79],{"class":78},[60,86782,86783],{"class":82},"notes.txt",[60,86785,79],{"class":78},[60,86787,88],{"class":74},[60,86789,91],{"class":78},[60,86791,60392],{"class":82},[60,86793,79],{"class":78},[60,86795,88],{"class":74},[60,86797,86507],{"class":9084},[60,86799,71],{"class":70},[60,86801,79],{"class":78},[60,86803,86514],{"class":82},[60,86805,79],{"class":78},[60,86807,174],{"class":74},[60,86809,47242],{"class":1153},[60,86811,86524],{"class":86523},[60,86813,1168],{"class":74},[60,86815,86816,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86817,86818],{"class":66},"    text ",[60,86820,71],{"class":70},[60,86822,86524],{"class":86523},[60,86824,117],{"class":74},[60,86826,86540],{"class":120},[60,86828,8555],{"class":74},[60,86830,86831,86833,86835,86837],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,86832,7981],{"class":139},[60,86834,124],{"class":74},[60,86836,34594],{"class":120},[60,86838,133],{"class":74},[20,86840,19846],{},[260,86842,86843,86849,86854],{},[263,86844,86845,86848],{},[15,86846,86847],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[263,86850,86851,86853],{},[15,86852,86561],{}," means open for reading",[263,86855,86856,86859],{},[15,86857,86858],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[46,86861,86863],{"id":86862},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86865,86866],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[260,86868,86869,86874,86880,86885,86891,86897],{},[263,86870,86871,86873],{},[15,86872,86561],{}," = read a text file",[263,86875,86876,86879],{},[15,86877,86878],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[263,86881,86882,86884],{},[15,86883,17986],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[263,86886,86887,86890],{},[15,86888,86889],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[263,86892,86893,86896],{},[15,86894,86895],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[263,86898,86899,86902],{},[15,86900,86901],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86904,2045],{},[51,86906,86908],{"className":53,"code":86907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86909,86910,86915,86958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86911,86912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86913,86914],{"class":177},"# Read a text file\n",[60,86916,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86918,86482],{"class":1153},[60,86920,86485],{"class":139},[60,86922,124],{"class":74},[60,86924,79],{"class":78},[60,86926,86927],{"class":82},"data.txt",[60,86929,79],{"class":78},[60,86931,88],{"class":74},[60,86933,91],{"class":78},[60,86935,60392],{"class":82},[60,86937,79],{"class":78},[60,86939,88],{"class":74},[60,86941,86507],{"class":9084},[60,86943,71],{"class":70},[60,86945,79],{"class":78},[60,86947,86514],{"class":82},[60,86949,79],{"class":78},[60,86951,174],{"class":74},[60,86953,47242],{"class":1153},[60,86955,86524],{"class":86523},[60,86957,1168],{"class":74},[60,86959,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,86961,7981],{"class":139},[60,86963,124],{"class":74},[60,86965,86630],{"class":86523},[60,86967,117],{"class":74},[60,86969,86540],{"class":120},[60,86971,7105],{"class":74},[51,86973,86975],{"className":53,"code":86974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86976,86977,86982,87024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86978,86979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86980,86981],{"class":177},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[60,86983,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86985,86482],{"class":1153},[60,86987,86485],{"class":139},[60,86989,124],{"class":74},[60,86991,79],{"class":78},[60,86993,86927],{"class":82},[60,86995,79],{"class":78},[60,86997,88],{"class":74},[60,86999,91],{"class":78},[60,87001,60375],{"class":82},[60,87003,79],{"class":78},[60,87005,88],{"class":74},[60,87007,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87009,71],{"class":70},[60,87011,79],{"class":78},[60,87013,86514],{"class":82},[60,87015,79],{"class":78},[60,87017,174],{"class":74},[60,87019,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87021,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87023,1168],{"class":74},[60,87025,87026,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87042,87044],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87027,87028],{"class":86523},"    file",[60,87030,117],{"class":74},[60,87032,70083],{"class":120},[60,87034,124],{"class":74},[60,87036,79],{"class":78},[60,87038,34752],{"class":82},[60,87040,87041],{"class":34338},"\\n",[60,87043,79],{"class":78},[60,87045,133],{"class":74},[51,87047,87049],{"className":53,"code":87048,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87050,87051,87056,87098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87052,87053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87054,87055],{"class":177},"# Append to a text file\n",[60,87057,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87059,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87061,86485],{"class":139},[60,87063,124],{"class":74},[60,87065,79],{"class":78},[60,87067,86927],{"class":82},[60,87069,79],{"class":78},[60,87071,88],{"class":74},[60,87073,91],{"class":78},[60,87075,30],{"class":82},[60,87077,79],{"class":78},[60,87079,88],{"class":74},[60,87081,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87083,71],{"class":70},[60,87085,79],{"class":78},[60,87087,86514],{"class":82},[60,87089,79],{"class":78},[60,87091,174],{"class":74},[60,87093,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87095,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87097,1168],{"class":74},[60,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87113,87115,87117],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87101,87028],{"class":86523},[60,87103,117],{"class":74},[60,87105,70083],{"class":120},[60,87107,124],{"class":74},[60,87109,79],{"class":78},[60,87111,87112],{"class":82},"Another line",[60,87114,87041],{"class":34338},[60,87116,79],{"class":78},[60,87118,133],{"class":74},[20,87120,69235,87121,87123],{},[15,87122,86878],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[46,87125,87127],{"id":87126},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87129,87130,21864,87132,117],{},[15,87131,86463],{},[41,87133,86588],{},[20,87135,87136],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[260,87138,87139,87144,87149],{},[263,87140,87141],{},[15,87142,87143],{},"file.read()",[263,87145,87146],{},[15,87147,87148],{},"file.write()",[263,87150,87151],{},[15,87152,87153],{},"file.close()",[20,87155,87156],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87158,2127],{},[51,87160,87162],{"className":53,"code":87161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87163,87164,87206],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87165,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87167,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87169,86485],{"class":139},[60,87171,124],{"class":74},[60,87173,79],{"class":78},[60,87175,86492],{"class":82},[60,87177,79],{"class":78},[60,87179,88],{"class":74},[60,87181,91],{"class":78},[60,87183,60392],{"class":82},[60,87185,79],{"class":78},[60,87187,88],{"class":74},[60,87189,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87191,71],{"class":70},[60,87193,79],{"class":78},[60,87195,86514],{"class":82},[60,87197,79],{"class":78},[60,87199,174],{"class":74},[60,87201,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87203,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87205,1168],{"class":74},[60,87207,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87209,7981],{"class":139},[60,87211,124],{"class":74},[60,87213,1684],{"class":1683},[60,87215,124],{"class":74},[60,87217,86630],{"class":86523},[60,87219,1691],{"class":74},[20,87221,192],{},[51,87223,87225],{"className":53,"code":87224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87226,87227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87228,87229,87231,87233,87235,87238,87240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87230,3205],{"class":70},[60,87232,3208],{"class":1984},[60,87234,214],{"class":78},[60,87236,87237],{"class":82},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[60,87239,205],{"class":78},[60,87241,3217],{"class":70},[20,87243,87244,87245,87247],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87246,86463],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[46,87249,87251],{"id":87250},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87253,87254],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[51,87256,87257],{"className":53,"code":86475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87258,87259,87301,87315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87260,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87262,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87264,86485],{"class":139},[60,87266,124],{"class":74},[60,87268,79],{"class":78},[60,87270,86492],{"class":82},[60,87272,79],{"class":78},[60,87274,88],{"class":74},[60,87276,91],{"class":78},[60,87278,60392],{"class":82},[60,87280,79],{"class":78},[60,87282,88],{"class":74},[60,87284,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87286,71],{"class":70},[60,87288,79],{"class":78},[60,87290,86514],{"class":82},[60,87292,79],{"class":78},[60,87294,174],{"class":74},[60,87296,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87298,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87300,1168],{"class":74},[60,87302,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87304,86531],{"class":66},[60,87306,71],{"class":70},[60,87308,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87310,117],{"class":74},[60,87312,86540],{"class":120},[60,87314,8555],{"class":74},[60,87316,87317,87319,87321,87323],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87318,7981],{"class":139},[60,87320,124],{"class":74},[60,87322,86551],{"class":120},[60,87324,133],{"class":74},[20,87326,87327],{},"Why this is recommended:",[260,87329,87330,87335,87341,87344],{},[263,87331,87332,87334],{},[15,87333,86482],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[263,87336,87337,87338,87340],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87339,86618],{}," yourself",[263,87342,87343],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[263,87345,87346],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87348,83640,87349,87351],{},[15,87350,86482],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[51,87353,87354],{"className":53,"code":86623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87355,87356,87394,87408,87418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87357,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87359,86630],{"class":86523},[60,87361,13167],{"class":70},[60,87363,86485],{"class":139},[60,87365,124],{"class":74},[60,87367,79],{"class":78},[60,87369,86492],{"class":82},[60,87371,79],{"class":78},[60,87373,88],{"class":74},[60,87375,91],{"class":78},[60,87377,60392],{"class":82},[60,87379,79],{"class":78},[60,87381,88],{"class":74},[60,87383,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87385,71],{"class":70},[60,87387,79],{"class":78},[60,87389,86514],{"class":82},[60,87391,79],{"class":78},[60,87393,133],{"class":74},[60,87395,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87397,86669],{"class":66},[60,87399,71],{"class":70},[60,87401,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87403,117],{"class":74},[60,87405,86540],{"class":120},[60,87407,8555],{"class":74},[60,87409,87410,87412,87414,87416],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87411,140],{"class":139},[60,87413,124],{"class":74},[60,87415,86551],{"class":120},[60,87417,133],{"class":74},[60,87419,87420,87422,87424,87426],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,87421,86630],{"class":86523},[60,87423,117],{"class":74},[60,87425,86698],{"class":120},[60,87427,8555],{"class":74},[20,87429,87430],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[46,87432,87434],{"id":87433},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87436,87437,87438,87440],{},"Use mode ",[15,87439,86561],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[337,87442,87444],{"id":87443},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87446,87447,87449],{},[15,87448,86598],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[51,87451,87452],{"className":53,"code":86475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87453,87454,87496,87510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87455,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87457,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87459,86485],{"class":139},[60,87461,124],{"class":74},[60,87463,79],{"class":78},[60,87465,86492],{"class":82},[60,87467,79],{"class":78},[60,87469,88],{"class":74},[60,87471,91],{"class":78},[60,87473,60392],{"class":82},[60,87475,79],{"class":78},[60,87477,88],{"class":74},[60,87479,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87481,71],{"class":70},[60,87483,79],{"class":78},[60,87485,86514],{"class":82},[60,87487,79],{"class":78},[60,87489,174],{"class":74},[60,87491,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87493,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87495,1168],{"class":74},[60,87497,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87499,86531],{"class":66},[60,87501,71],{"class":70},[60,87503,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87505,117],{"class":74},[60,87507,86540],{"class":120},[60,87509,8555],{"class":74},[60,87511,87512,87514,87516,87518],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87513,7981],{"class":139},[60,87515,124],{"class":74},[60,87517,86551],{"class":120},[60,87519,133],{"class":74},[337,87521,87523],{"id":87522},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87525,87526,87528],{},[15,87527,86603],{}," reads one line at a time.",[51,87530,87532],{"className":53,"code":87531,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87533,87534,87576,87592],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87535,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87537,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87539,86485],{"class":139},[60,87541,124],{"class":74},[60,87543,79],{"class":78},[60,87545,86492],{"class":82},[60,87547,79],{"class":78},[60,87549,88],{"class":74},[60,87551,91],{"class":78},[60,87553,60392],{"class":82},[60,87555,79],{"class":78},[60,87557,88],{"class":74},[60,87559,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87561,71],{"class":70},[60,87563,79],{"class":78},[60,87565,86514],{"class":82},[60,87567,79],{"class":78},[60,87569,174],{"class":74},[60,87571,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87573,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87575,1168],{"class":74},[60,87577,87578,87581,87583,87585,87587,87590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87579,87580],{"class":66},"    first_line ",[60,87582,71],{"class":70},[60,87584,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87586,117],{"class":74},[60,87588,87589],{"class":120},"readline",[60,87591,8555],{"class":74},[60,87593,87594,87596,87598,87601],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87595,7981],{"class":139},[60,87597,124],{"class":74},[60,87599,87600],{"class":120},"first_line",[60,87602,133],{"class":74},[337,87604,87606],{"id":87605},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87608,87609],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[51,87611,87613],{"className":53,"code":87612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87614,87615,87657,87671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87616,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87618,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87620,86485],{"class":139},[60,87622,124],{"class":74},[60,87624,79],{"class":78},[60,87626,86492],{"class":82},[60,87628,79],{"class":78},[60,87630,88],{"class":74},[60,87632,91],{"class":78},[60,87634,60392],{"class":82},[60,87636,79],{"class":78},[60,87638,88],{"class":74},[60,87640,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87642,71],{"class":70},[60,87644,79],{"class":78},[60,87646,86514],{"class":82},[60,87648,79],{"class":78},[60,87650,174],{"class":74},[60,87652,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87654,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87656,1168],{"class":74},[60,87658,87659,87662,87665,87667,87669],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87660,87661],{"class":1153},"    for",[60,87663,87664],{"class":66}," line ",[60,87666,1703],{"class":1153},[60,87668,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87670,1168],{"class":74},[60,87672,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87674,47222],{"class":139},[60,87676,124],{"class":74},[60,87678,62],{"class":120},[60,87680,117],{"class":74},[60,87682,8546],{"class":120},[60,87684,7105],{"class":74},[20,87686,87687,87688,288,87692,117],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[30,87689,87691],{"href":87690},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[30,87693,87695],{"href":87694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[46,87697,87699],{"id":87698},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87701,243,87702,87704],{},[15,87703,86878],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[51,87706,87708],{"className":53,"code":87707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87709,87710,87753,87774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87711,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87713,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87715,86485],{"class":139},[60,87717,124],{"class":74},[60,87719,79],{"class":78},[60,87721,87722],{"class":82},"output.txt",[60,87724,79],{"class":78},[60,87726,88],{"class":74},[60,87728,91],{"class":78},[60,87730,60375],{"class":82},[60,87732,79],{"class":78},[60,87734,88],{"class":74},[60,87736,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87738,71],{"class":70},[60,87740,79],{"class":78},[60,87742,86514],{"class":82},[60,87744,79],{"class":78},[60,87746,174],{"class":74},[60,87748,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87750,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87752,1168],{"class":74},[60,87754,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87768,87770,87772],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87756,87028],{"class":86523},[60,87758,117],{"class":74},[60,87760,70083],{"class":120},[60,87762,124],{"class":74},[60,87764,79],{"class":78},[60,87766,87767],{"class":82},"First line",[60,87769,87041],{"class":34338},[60,87771,79],{"class":78},[60,87773,133],{"class":74},[60,87775,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87789,87791,87793],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,87777,87028],{"class":86523},[60,87779,117],{"class":74},[60,87781,70083],{"class":120},[60,87783,124],{"class":74},[60,87785,79],{"class":78},[60,87787,87788],{"class":82},"Second line",[60,87790,87041],{"class":34338},[60,87792,79],{"class":78},[60,87794,133],{"class":74},[20,87796,243,87797,87799],{},[15,87798,17986],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[51,87801,87803],{"className":53,"code":87802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87804,87805,87847],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87808,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87810,86485],{"class":139},[60,87812,124],{"class":74},[60,87814,79],{"class":78},[60,87816,87722],{"class":82},[60,87818,79],{"class":78},[60,87820,88],{"class":74},[60,87822,91],{"class":78},[60,87824,30],{"class":82},[60,87826,79],{"class":78},[60,87828,88],{"class":74},[60,87830,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87832,71],{"class":70},[60,87834,79],{"class":78},[60,87836,86514],{"class":82},[60,87838,79],{"class":78},[60,87840,174],{"class":74},[60,87842,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87844,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87846,1168],{"class":74},[60,87848,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87862,87864,87866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87850,87028],{"class":86523},[60,87852,117],{"class":74},[60,87854,70083],{"class":120},[60,87856,124],{"class":74},[60,87858,79],{"class":78},[60,87860,87861],{"class":82},"Third line",[60,87863,87041],{"class":34338},[60,87865,79],{"class":78},[60,87867,133],{"class":74},[20,87869,87870],{},"Important detail:",[260,87872,87873,87878,87885],{},[263,87874,87875,87877],{},[15,87876,86613],{}," writes a string",[263,87879,87880,39,87882,87884],{},[15,87881,86613],{},[41,87883,43],{}," add a newline for you",[263,87886,87887,87888,87340],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87889,87041],{},[20,87891,87892,87893,288,87897,117],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[30,87894,87896],{"href":87895},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[30,87898,87900],{"href":87899},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[46,87902,87904],{"id":87903},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87906,87907],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[337,87909,87911],{"id":87910},"encodingutf-8",[15,87912,86858],{},[20,87914,87915],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[51,87917,87919],{"className":53,"code":87918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87920,87921,87964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87922,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87924,86482],{"class":1153},[60,87926,86485],{"class":139},[60,87928,124],{"class":74},[60,87930,79],{"class":78},[60,87932,87933],{"class":82},"message.txt",[60,87935,79],{"class":78},[60,87937,88],{"class":74},[60,87939,91],{"class":78},[60,87941,60392],{"class":82},[60,87943,79],{"class":78},[60,87945,88],{"class":74},[60,87947,86507],{"class":9084},[60,87949,71],{"class":70},[60,87951,79],{"class":78},[60,87953,86514],{"class":82},[60,87955,79],{"class":78},[60,87957,174],{"class":74},[60,87959,47242],{"class":1153},[60,87961,86524],{"class":86523},[60,87963,1168],{"class":74},[60,87965,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87967,7981],{"class":139},[60,87969,124],{"class":74},[60,87971,86630],{"class":86523},[60,87973,117],{"class":74},[60,87975,86540],{"class":120},[60,87977,7105],{"class":74},[20,87979,87980],{},"Why it matters:",[260,87982,87983,87986,87989],{},[263,87984,87985],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[263,87987,87988],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[263,87990,87991],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[337,87993,87995],{"id":87994},"newline",[15,87996,87994],{},[20,87998,87999],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88001,88002],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[337,88004,88006],{"id":88005},"buffering",[15,88007,88005],{},[20,88009,88010],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88012,88013],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[46,88015,88017],{"id":88016},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88019,88020],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[337,88022,88024],{"id":88023},"filenotfounderror",[15,88025,88026],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88028,88029],{},"This happens when:",[260,88031,88032,88035,88038],{},[263,88033,88034],{},"the file does not exist",[263,88036,88037],{},"the path is wrong",[263,88039,88040],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88042,2127],{},[51,88044,88046],{"className":53,"code":88045,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88047,88048,88091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88049,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88051,86482],{"class":1153},[60,88053,86485],{"class":139},[60,88055,124],{"class":74},[60,88057,79],{"class":78},[60,88059,88060],{"class":82},"missing.txt",[60,88062,79],{"class":78},[60,88064,88],{"class":74},[60,88066,91],{"class":78},[60,88068,60392],{"class":82},[60,88070,79],{"class":78},[60,88072,88],{"class":74},[60,88074,86507],{"class":9084},[60,88076,71],{"class":70},[60,88078,79],{"class":78},[60,88080,86514],{"class":82},[60,88082,79],{"class":78},[60,88084,174],{"class":74},[60,88086,47242],{"class":1153},[60,88088,86524],{"class":86523},[60,88090,1168],{"class":74},[60,88092,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88094,7981],{"class":139},[60,88096,124],{"class":74},[60,88098,86630],{"class":86523},[60,88100,117],{"class":74},[60,88102,86540],{"class":120},[60,88104,7105],{"class":74},[20,88106,88107,88108,1776,88116,117],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[30,88109,88111,88112,88115],{"href":88110},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[60,88113,88114],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[30,88117,88119],{"href":88118},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[337,88121,88123],{"id":88122},"permissionerror",[15,88124,88125],{},"PermissionError",[20,88127,88128],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88130,88131],{},"Example causes:",[260,88133,88134,88137,88140],{},[263,88135,88136],{},"the file is protected",[263,88138,88139],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[263,88141,88142],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88144,88145,88146],{},"Related page: ",[30,88147,88149,88150,88153],{"href":88148},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[60,88151,88152],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[337,88155,88157],{"id":88156},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88158,88159],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88161,88162],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88164,2127],{},[51,88166,88168],{"className":53,"code":88167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88169,88170,88213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88171,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88173,86482],{"class":1153},[60,88175,86485],{"class":139},[60,88177,124],{"class":74},[60,88179,79],{"class":78},[60,88181,88182],{"class":82},"my_folder",[60,88184,79],{"class":78},[60,88186,88],{"class":74},[60,88188,91],{"class":78},[60,88190,60392],{"class":82},[60,88192,79],{"class":78},[60,88194,88],{"class":74},[60,88196,86507],{"class":9084},[60,88198,71],{"class":70},[60,88200,79],{"class":78},[60,88202,86514],{"class":82},[60,88204,79],{"class":78},[60,88206,174],{"class":74},[60,88208,47242],{"class":1153},[60,88210,86524],{"class":86523},[60,88212,1168],{"class":74},[60,88214,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88216,7981],{"class":139},[60,88218,124],{"class":74},[60,88220,86630],{"class":86523},[60,88222,117],{"class":74},[60,88224,86540],{"class":120},[60,88226,7105],{"class":74},[20,88228,88145,88229],{},[30,88230,88232,88233,88236],{"href":88231},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[60,88234,88235],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[337,88238,88240],{"id":88239},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88241,88242],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88244,88245,88246,117],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88247,86463],{},[20,88249,88145,88250],{},[30,88251,88253],{"href":88252},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[46,88255,88257],{"id":88256},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88259,88260,88261,88263],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88262,86463],{}," function.",[20,88265,88266],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[260,88268,88269,88272,88275,88281],{},[263,88270,88271],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[263,88273,88274],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[263,88276,88277,88278,88280],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88279,86463],{}," itself",[263,88282,88283,88284],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[30,88285,88287],{"href":88286},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[46,88289,1245],{"id":1244},[20,88291,88292,88293,258],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88294,86463],{},[260,88296,88297,88302,88308,88313,88316,88319],{},[263,88298,8331,88299,88301],{},[15,88300,86561],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[263,88303,88304,88305,88307],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88306,86762],{}," for text files",[263,88309,8331,88310,88312],{},[15,88311,86878],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[263,88314,88315],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[263,88317,88318],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[263,88320,88321],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88323,88324],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[51,88326,88328],{"className":53,"code":88327,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88329,88330,88337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88331,88332,88334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88333,34976],{"class":1153},[60,88335,88336],{"class":66}," os\n",[60,88338,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88350],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88340,140],{"class":139},[60,88342,124],{"class":74},[60,88344,42510],{"class":120},[60,88346,117],{"class":74},[60,88348,88349],{"class":120},"getcwd",[60,88351,7105],{"class":74},[20,88353,88354],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[51,88356,88358],{"className":53,"code":88357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88359,88360,88366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88361,88362,88364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88363,34976],{"class":1153},[60,88365,88336],{"class":66},[60,88367,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88379,88381,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88369,140],{"class":139},[60,88371,124],{"class":74},[60,88373,42510],{"class":120},[60,88375,117],{"class":74},[60,88377,88378],{"class":1723},"path",[60,88380,117],{"class":74},[60,88382,88383],{"class":120},"exists",[60,88385,124],{"class":74},[60,88387,79],{"class":78},[60,88389,86492],{"class":82},[60,88391,79],{"class":78},[60,88393,1691],{"class":74},[20,88395,88396],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[51,88398,88400],{"className":53,"code":88399,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88401,88402,88408],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88403,88404,88406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88405,34976],{"class":1153},[60,88407,88336],{"class":66},[60,88409,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88411,140],{"class":139},[60,88413,124],{"class":74},[60,88415,42510],{"class":120},[60,88417,117],{"class":74},[60,88419,88378],{"class":1723},[60,88421,117],{"class":74},[60,88423,88424],{"class":120},"isfile",[60,88426,124],{"class":74},[60,88428,79],{"class":78},[60,88430,86492],{"class":82},[60,88432,79],{"class":78},[60,88434,1691],{"class":74},[20,88436,88437],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[51,88439,88441],{"className":53,"code":88440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88442,88443,88485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88444,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88446,86482],{"class":1153},[60,88448,86485],{"class":139},[60,88450,124],{"class":74},[60,88452,79],{"class":78},[60,88454,86492],{"class":82},[60,88456,79],{"class":78},[60,88458,88],{"class":74},[60,88460,91],{"class":78},[60,88462,60392],{"class":82},[60,88464,79],{"class":78},[60,88466,88],{"class":74},[60,88468,86507],{"class":9084},[60,88470,71],{"class":70},[60,88472,79],{"class":78},[60,88474,86514],{"class":82},[60,88476,79],{"class":78},[60,88478,174],{"class":74},[60,88480,47242],{"class":1153},[60,88482,86524],{"class":86523},[60,88484,1168],{"class":74},[60,88486,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88488,7981],{"class":139},[60,88490,124],{"class":74},[60,88492,86630],{"class":86523},[60,88494,117],{"class":74},[60,88496,86540],{"class":120},[60,88498,7105],{"class":74},[20,88500,88501],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[46,88503,1746],{"id":1745},[337,88505,88507],{"id":88506},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88509,88510],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[337,88512,88514],{"id":88513},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88516,88517,88518,88520],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88519,86482],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[337,88522,1773,88524,1776,88526,88528],{"id":88523},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88525,86878],{},[15,88527,17986],{}," mode?",[20,88530,88531,88533,88534,88536],{},[15,88532,86878],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88535,17986],{}," adds new content to the end.",[337,88538,88540],{"id":88539},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88542,88543],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[337,88545,88547],{"id":88546},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88549,88550,88551,88553],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88552,86858],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[46,88555,1808],{"id":1807},[260,88557,88558,88562,88566,88570,88574,88578,88582,88588],{},[263,88559,88560],{},[30,88561,87691],{"href":87690},[263,88563,88564],{},[30,88565,87896],{"href":87895},[263,88567,88568],{},[30,88569,87900],{"href":87899},[263,88571,88572],{},[30,88573,87695],{"href":87694},[263,88575,88576],{},[30,88577,88287],{"href":88286},[263,88579,88580],{},[30,88581,88119],{"href":88118},[263,88583,88584],{},[30,88585,88111,88586,88115],{"href":88110},[60,88587,88114],{},[263,88589,88590],{},[30,88591,88149,88592,88153],{"href":88148},[60,88593,88152],{},[1841,88595,88596],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":88598},[88599,88600,88601,88602,88603,88604,88605,88610,88611,88616,88622,88623,88624,88632],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":86565,"depth":111,"text":86566},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":86862,"depth":111,"text":86863},{"id":87126,"depth":111,"text":87127},{"id":87250,"depth":111,"text":87251},{"id":87433,"depth":111,"text":87434,"children":88606},[88607,88608,88609],{"id":87443,"depth":136,"text":87444},{"id":87522,"depth":136,"text":87523},{"id":87605,"depth":136,"text":87606},{"id":87698,"depth":111,"text":87699},{"id":87903,"depth":111,"text":87904,"children":88612},[88613,88614,88615],{"id":87910,"depth":136,"text":86858},{"id":87994,"depth":136,"text":87994},{"id":88005,"depth":136,"text":88005},{"id":88016,"depth":111,"text":88017,"children":88617},[88618,88619,88620,88621],{"id":88023,"depth":136,"text":88026},{"id":88122,"depth":136,"text":88125},{"id":88156,"depth":136,"text":88159},{"id":88239,"depth":136,"text":88242},{"id":88256,"depth":111,"text":88257},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":88625},[88626,88627,88628,88630,88631],{"id":88506,"depth":136,"text":88507},{"id":88513,"depth":136,"text":88514},{"id":88523,"depth":136,"text":88629},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88539,"depth":136,"text":88540},{"id":88546,"depth":136,"text":88547},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86453,"description":88633},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88640,"title":88641,"body":88642,"description":90637,"extension":1883,"meta":90638,"navigation":152,"path":90639,"seo":90640,"stem":90641,"__hash__":90642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88643,"toc":90584},[88644,88649,88654,88660,88662,88730,88732,88751,88756,88761,88766,88769,88781,88783,88826,88828,88846,88857,88859,88861,88886,88888,88899,88901,88961,88963,88989,88992,88996,89001,89005,89008,89042,89046,89049,89074,89078,89101,89105,89138,89143,89147,89152,89155,89223,89225,89249,89254,89257,89288,89290,89322,89339,89343,89348,89372,89379,89384,89389,89392,89396,89431,89433,89442,89446,89537,89539,89570,89575,89582,89587,89596,89599,89633,89635,89649,89653,89694,89696,89705,89709,89757,89759,89773,89778,89789,89796,89802,89804,89839,89841,89855,89858,89880,89886,89915,89926,89932,89938,89952,89954,90033,90035,90085,90092,90094,90099,90103,90106,90121,90126,90128,90147,90153,90156,90171,90173,90191,90197,90202,90232,90235,90258,90261,90288,90295,90301,90309,90332,90337,90345,90347,90367,90371,90377,90427,90430,90452,90454,90460,90468,90474,90480,90488,90493,90497,90500,90523,90528,90535,90547,90549,90581],[10,88645,3491,88647,3495],{"id":88646},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88648,46336],{},[20,88650,32202,88651,88653],{},[15,88652,46336],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88655,88656,88657,88659],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88658,46336],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[46,88661,49],{"id":48},[51,88663,88665],{"className":53,"code":88664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88666,88667,88679,88688,88692,88702,88712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88668,88669,88671,88673,88675,88677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88670,7788],{"class":66},[60,88672,71],{"class":70},[60,88674,91],{"class":78},[60,88676,7833],{"class":82},[60,88678,3273],{"class":78},[60,88680,88681,88683,88685],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88682,21517],{"class":66},[60,88684,71],{"class":70},[60,88686,88687],{"class":357}," 12\n",[60,88689,88690],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88691,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,88693,88694,88696,88698,88700],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,88695,140],{"class":139},[60,88697,124],{"class":74},[60,88699,7580],{"class":120},[60,88701,133],{"class":74},[60,88703,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,88705,140],{"class":139},[60,88707,124],{"class":74},[60,88709,9206],{"class":120},[60,88711,133],{"class":74},[60,88713,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,88715,140],{"class":139},[60,88717,124],{"class":74},[60,88719,79],{"class":78},[60,88721,34752],{"class":82},[60,88723,79],{"class":78},[60,88725,88],{"class":74},[60,88727,35878],{"class":120},[60,88729,133],{"class":74},[20,88731,404],{},[51,88733,88735],{"className":53,"code":88734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88736,88737,88742,88746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88738,88739],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88740,88741],{"class":66},"Mia\n",[60,88743,88744],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88745,2145],{"class":357},[60,88747,88748],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88749,88750],{"class":66},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88752,243,88753,88755],{},[15,88754,46336],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[46,88757,250,88759,253],{"id":88758},"what-print-does",[15,88760,46336],{},[20,88762,88763,88765],{},[15,88764,46336],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88767,88768],{},"You can use it to display:",[260,88770,88771,88773,88775,88778],{},[263,88772,34594],{},[263,88774,380],{},[263,88776,88777],{},"variables",[263,88779,88780],{},"expressions",[20,88782,2127],{},[51,88784,88786],{"className":53,"code":88785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88787,88788,88802,88812],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88789,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88791,140],{"class":139},[60,88793,124],{"class":74},[60,88795,79],{"class":78},[60,88797,34752],{"class":82},[60,88799,79],{"class":78},[60,88801,133],{"class":74},[60,88803,88804,88806,88808,88810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88805,140],{"class":139},[60,88807,124],{"class":74},[60,88809,2056],{"class":357},[60,88811,133],{"class":74},[60,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88815,140],{"class":139},[60,88817,124],{"class":74},[60,88819,1303],{"class":357},[60,88821,2372],{"class":70},[60,88823,368],{"class":357},[60,88825,133],{"class":74},[20,88827,404],{},[51,88829,88831],{"className":53,"code":88830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88832,88833,88838,88842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88834,88835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88836,88837],{"class":66},"Hello\n",[60,88839,88840],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88841,2862],{"class":357},[60,88843,88844],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88845,2862],{"class":357},[20,88847,88848,88849,88851,88852,88856],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88850,46336],{}," ",[41,88853,3605,88854],{},[15,88855,277],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[46,88858,296],{"id":295},[20,88860,30610],{},[51,88862,88864],{"className":53,"code":88863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88865,88866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88867,88868,88870,88872,88875,88877,88880,88882,88884],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88869,140],{"class":139},[60,88871,124],{"class":74},[60,88873,88874],{"class":120},"object1",[60,88876,88],{"class":74},[60,88878,88879],{"class":120}," object2",[60,88881,88],{"class":74},[60,88883,34339],{"class":139},[60,88885,133],{"class":74},[20,88887,80091],{},[260,88889,88890,88893,88896],{},[263,88891,88892],{},"one value",[263,88894,88895],{},"many values",[263,88897,88898],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88900,2127],{},[51,88902,88904],{"className":53,"code":88903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88905,88906,88920,88939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88909,140],{"class":139},[60,88911,124],{"class":74},[60,88913,79],{"class":78},[60,88915,57654],{"class":82},[60,88917,79],{"class":78},[60,88919,133],{"class":74},[60,88921,88922,88924,88926,88928,88931,88933,88935,88937],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88923,140],{"class":139},[60,88925,124],{"class":74},[60,88927,79],{"class":78},[60,88929,88930],{"class":82},"Score:",[60,88932,79],{"class":78},[60,88934,88],{"class":74},[60,88936,5916],{"class":357},[60,88938,133],{"class":74},[60,88940,88941,88943,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88942,140],{"class":139},[60,88944,124],{"class":74},[60,88946,79],{"class":78},[60,88948,45449],{"class":82},[60,88950,79],{"class":78},[60,88952,88],{"class":74},[60,88954,373],{"class":357},[60,88956,2372],{"class":70},[60,88958,37527],{"class":357},[60,88960,133],{"class":74},[20,88962,404],{},[51,88964,88966],{"className":53,"code":88965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88967,88968,88972,88981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88969,88970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88971,85244],{"class":66},[60,88973,88974,88977,88979],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88975,88976],{"class":66},"Score",[60,88978,258],{"class":74},[60,88980,2504],{"class":357},[60,88982,88983,88985,88987],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,88984,45489],{"class":66},[60,88986,258],{"class":74},[60,88988,2504],{"class":357},[20,88990,88991],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[46,88993,88995],{"id":88994},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88997,88998,88999,117],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89000,46336],{},[337,89002,89004],{"id":89003},"print-text","Print text",[20,89006,89007],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[51,89009,89011],{"className":53,"code":89010,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89012,89013,89027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89014,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023,89025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89016,140],{"class":139},[60,89018,124],{"class":74},[60,89020,79],{"class":78},[60,89022,34752],{"class":82},[60,89024,79],{"class":78},[60,89026,133],{"class":74},[60,89028,89029,89031,89033,89035,89038,89040],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89030,140],{"class":139},[60,89032,124],{"class":74},[60,89034,79],{"class":78},[60,89036,89037],{"class":82},"Python is fun",[60,89039,79],{"class":78},[60,89041,133],{"class":74},[337,89043,89045],{"id":89044},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89047,89048],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[51,89050,89052],{"className":53,"code":89051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89053,89054,89064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89055,89056,89058,89060,89062],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89057,140],{"class":139},[60,89059,124],{"class":74},[60,89061,2056],{"class":357},[60,89063,133],{"class":74},[60,89065,89066,89068,89070,89072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89067,140],{"class":139},[60,89069,124],{"class":74},[60,89071,40028],{"class":357},[60,89073,133],{"class":74},[337,89075,89077],{"id":89076},"print-variables","Print variables",[51,89079,89081],{"className":53,"code":89080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89082,89083,89091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89084,89085,89087,89089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89086,5006],{"class":66},[60,89088,71],{"class":70},[60,89090,14021],{"class":357},[60,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89094,140],{"class":139},[60,89096,124],{"class":74},[60,89098,85408],{"class":120},[60,89100,133],{"class":74},[337,89102,89104],{"id":89103},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[51,89106,89108],{"className":53,"code":89107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89109,89110,89124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89111,89112,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89113,140],{"class":139},[60,89115,124],{"class":74},[60,89117,1303],{"class":357},[60,89119,2372],{"class":70},[60,89121,368],{"class":357},[60,89123,133],{"class":74},[60,89125,89126,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89127,140],{"class":139},[60,89129,124],{"class":74},[60,89131,2250],{"class":357},[60,89133,82720],{"class":70},[60,89135,373],{"class":357},[60,89137,133],{"class":74},[20,89139,89140,89141,117],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[30,89142,50862],{"href":50861},[46,89144,89146],{"id":89145},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89148,89149,89151],{},[15,89150,46336],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89153,89154],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[51,89156,89158],{"className":53,"code":89157,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89159,89160,89173,89181,89185,89204],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89161,89162,89164,89166,89168,89171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89163,7788],{"class":66},[60,89165,71],{"class":70},[60,89167,91],{"class":78},[60,89169,89170],{"class":82},"Ava",[60,89172,3273],{"class":78},[60,89174,89175,89177,89179],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89176,21517],{"class":66},[60,89178,71],{"class":70},[60,89180,2504],{"class":357},[60,89182,89183],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,89184,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,89186,89187,89189,89191,89193,89196,89198,89200,89202],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,89188,140],{"class":139},[60,89190,124],{"class":74},[60,89192,79],{"class":78},[60,89194,89195],{"class":82},"Name:",[60,89197,79],{"class":78},[60,89199,88],{"class":74},[60,89201,35878],{"class":120},[60,89203,133],{"class":74},[60,89205,89206,89208,89210,89212,89215,89217,89219,89221],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,89207,140],{"class":139},[60,89209,124],{"class":74},[60,89211,79],{"class":78},[60,89213,89214],{"class":82},"Age:",[60,89216,79],{"class":78},[60,89218,88],{"class":74},[60,89220,9097],{"class":120},[60,89222,133],{"class":74},[20,89224,404],{},[51,89226,89228],{"className":53,"code":89227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89229,89230,89240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89231,89232,89235,89237],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89233,89234],{"class":66},"Name",[60,89236,258],{"class":74},[60,89238,89239],{"class":66}," Ava\n",[60,89241,89242,89245,89247],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89243,89244],{"class":66},"Age",[60,89246,258],{"class":74},[60,89248,2504],{"class":357},[20,89250,89251,89252,117],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89253,1979],{},[20,89255,89256],{},"For example, this works:",[51,89258,89260],{"className":53,"code":89259,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89261,89262,89270],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89263,89264,89266,89268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89265,21517],{"class":66},[60,89267,71],{"class":70},[60,89269,2504],{"class":357},[60,89271,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89273,140],{"class":139},[60,89275,124],{"class":74},[60,89277,79],{"class":78},[60,89279,89214],{"class":82},[60,89281,79],{"class":78},[60,89283,88],{"class":74},[60,89285,9097],{"class":120},[60,89287,133],{"class":74},[20,89289,36810],{},[51,89291,89293],{"className":53,"code":89292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89294,89295,89303],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89296,89297,89299,89301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89298,21517],{"class":66},[60,89300,71],{"class":70},[60,89302,2504],{"class":357},[60,89304,89305,89307,89309,89311,89314,89316,89318,89320],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89306,140],{"class":139},[60,89308,124],{"class":74},[60,89310,79],{"class":78},[60,89312,89313],{"class":82},"Age: ",[60,89315,79],{"class":78},[60,89317,2372],{"class":70},[60,89319,9097],{"class":120},[60,89321,133],{"class":74},[20,89323,89324,89325,89328,89329,89331,89332,89334,89335,117],{},"That fails because ",[15,89326,89327],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89330,9206],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89333,1979],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[30,89336,89337],{"href":42059},[15,89338,47568],{},[46,89340,89342],{"id":89341},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89344,89345,89347],{},[15,89346,46336],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[260,89349,89350,89356,89361,89366],{},[263,89351,89352,89355],{},[15,89353,89354],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[263,89357,89358,89360],{},[15,89359,52547],{}," controls what is added after the output",[263,89362,89363,89365],{},[15,89364,86630],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[263,89367,89368,89371],{},[15,89369,89370],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89373,89374,89375,1776,89377,117],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89376,89354],{},[15,89378,52547],{},[46,89380,89382,36499],{"id":89381},"sep-argument",[15,89383,89354],{},[20,89385,1900,89386,89388],{},[15,89387,89354],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89390,89391],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[337,89393,89395],{"id":89394},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[51,89397,89399],{"className":53,"code":89398,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89400,89401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423,89425,89427,89429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89404,140],{"class":139},[60,89406,124],{"class":74},[60,89408,79],{"class":78},[60,89410,83],{"class":82},[60,89412,79],{"class":78},[60,89414,88],{"class":74},[60,89416,91],{"class":78},[60,89418,103],{"class":82},[60,89420,79],{"class":78},[60,89422,88],{"class":74},[60,89424,91],{"class":78},[60,89426,94],{"class":82},[60,89428,79],{"class":78},[60,89430,133],{"class":74},[20,89432,404],{},[51,89434,89436],{"className":53,"code":89435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red green blue\n",[15,89437,89438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89439,89440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89441,89435],{"class":66},[337,89443,89445],{"id":89444},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[51,89447,89449],{"className":53,"code":89448,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89450,89451,89494],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469,89471,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89454,140],{"class":139},[60,89456,124],{"class":74},[60,89458,79],{"class":78},[60,89460,83],{"class":82},[60,89462,79],{"class":78},[60,89464,88],{"class":74},[60,89466,91],{"class":78},[60,89468,103],{"class":82},[60,89470,79],{"class":78},[60,89472,88],{"class":74},[60,89474,91],{"class":78},[60,89476,94],{"class":82},[60,89478,79],{"class":78},[60,89480,88],{"class":74},[60,89482,89483],{"class":9084}," sep",[60,89485,71],{"class":70},[60,89487,79],{"class":78},[60,89489,88],{"class":82},[60,89491,79],{"class":78},[60,89493,133],{"class":74},[60,89495,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89533,89535],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89497,140],{"class":139},[60,89499,124],{"class":74},[60,89501,79],{"class":78},[60,89503,83],{"class":82},[60,89505,79],{"class":78},[60,89507,88],{"class":74},[60,89509,91],{"class":78},[60,89511,103],{"class":82},[60,89513,79],{"class":78},[60,89515,88],{"class":74},[60,89517,91],{"class":78},[60,89519,94],{"class":82},[60,89521,79],{"class":78},[60,89523,88],{"class":74},[60,89525,89483],{"class":9084},[60,89527,71],{"class":70},[60,89529,79],{"class":78},[60,89531,89532],{"class":82}," - ",[60,89534,79],{"class":78},[60,89536,133],{"class":74},[20,89538,404],{},[51,89540,89542],{"className":53,"code":89541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89543,89544,89556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89545,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89547,83],{"class":66},[60,89549,88],{"class":74},[60,89551,103],{"class":66},[60,89553,88],{"class":74},[60,89555,69869],{"class":66},[60,89557,89558,89561,89563,89566,89568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89559,89560],{"class":66},"red ",[60,89562,1942],{"class":70},[60,89564,89565],{"class":66}," green ",[60,89567,1942],{"class":70},[60,89569,35767],{"class":66},[20,89571,89572,89574],{},[15,89573,89354],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89576,89577,89578,117],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[30,89579,89581],{"href":89580},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[46,89583,89585,36499],{"id":89584},"end-argument",[15,89586,52547],{},[20,89588,89589,89590,89592,89593,89595],{},"By default, ",[15,89591,46336],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89594,46336],{}," starts on a new line.",[337,89597,89395],{"id":89598},"default-behavior-1",[51,89600,89602],{"className":53,"code":89601,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89603,89604,89618],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89605,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89607,140],{"class":139},[60,89609,124],{"class":74},[60,89611,79],{"class":78},[60,89613,34752],{"class":82},[60,89615,79],{"class":78},[60,89617,133],{"class":74},[60,89619,89620,89622,89624,89626,89629,89631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89621,140],{"class":139},[60,89623,124],{"class":74},[60,89625,79],{"class":78},[60,89627,89628],{"class":82},"World",[60,89630,79],{"class":78},[60,89632,133],{"class":74},[20,89634,404],{},[51,89636,89638],{"className":53,"code":89637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89639,89640,89644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89641,89642],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89643,88837],{"class":66},[60,89645,89646],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89647,89648],{"class":66},"World\n",[337,89650,89652],{"id":89651},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[51,89654,89656],{"className":53,"code":89655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89657,89658,89680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89659,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89661,140],{"class":139},[60,89663,124],{"class":74},[60,89665,79],{"class":78},[60,89667,34752],{"class":82},[60,89669,79],{"class":78},[60,89671,88],{"class":74},[60,89673,64928],{"class":9084},[60,89675,71],{"class":70},[60,89677,6184],{"class":78},[60,89679,133],{"class":74},[60,89681,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89683,140],{"class":139},[60,89685,124],{"class":74},[60,89687,79],{"class":78},[60,89689,89628],{"class":82},[60,89691,79],{"class":78},[60,89693,133],{"class":74},[20,89695,404],{},[51,89697,89699],{"className":53,"code":89698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89700,89701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89702,89703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89704,89698],{"class":66},[337,89706,89708],{"id":89707},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[51,89710,89712],{"className":53,"code":89711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89713,89714,89743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89715,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89737,89739,89741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89717,140],{"class":139},[60,89719,124],{"class":74},[60,89721,79],{"class":78},[60,89723,34752],{"class":82},[60,89725,79],{"class":78},[60,89727,88],{"class":74},[60,89729,64928],{"class":9084},[60,89731,71],{"class":70},[60,89733,79],{"class":78},[60,89735,89736],{"class":82},"!",[60,89738,87041],{"class":34338},[60,89740,79],{"class":78},[60,89742,133],{"class":74},[60,89744,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89746,140],{"class":139},[60,89748,124],{"class":74},[60,89750,79],{"class":78},[60,89752,89628],{"class":82},[60,89754,79],{"class":78},[60,89756,133],{"class":74},[20,89758,404],{},[51,89760,89762],{"className":53,"code":89761,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89763,89764,89769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89765,89766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89767,89768],{"class":66},"Hello!\n",[60,89770,89771],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89772,89648],{"class":66},[20,89774,1900,89775,89777],{},[15,89776,52547],{}," argument is useful for:",[260,89779,89780,89783,89786],{},[263,89781,89782],{},"progress messages",[263,89784,89785],{},"inline output",[263,89787,89788],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[46,89790,89792,641,89794],{"id":89791},"print-returns-none",[15,89793,46336],{},[15,89795,277],{},[20,89797,89798,89799,89801],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89800,46336],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89803,2127],{},[51,89805,89807],{"className":53,"code":89806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89808,89809,89829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89810,89811,89813,89815,89818,89820,89822,89825,89827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89812,688],{"class":66},[60,89814,71],{"class":70},[60,89816,89817],{"class":139}," print",[60,89819,124],{"class":74},[60,89821,79],{"class":78},[60,89823,89824],{"class":82},"Hi",[60,89826,79],{"class":78},[60,89828,133],{"class":74},[60,89830,89831,89833,89835,89837],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89832,140],{"class":139},[60,89834,124],{"class":74},[60,89836,720],{"class":120},[60,89838,133],{"class":74},[20,89840,404],{},[51,89842,89844],{"className":53,"code":89843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89845,89846,89851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89847,89848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89849,89850],{"class":66},"Hi\n",[60,89852,89853],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89854,727],{"class":734},[20,89856,89857],{},"Why does this happen?",[260,89859,89860,89868,89873],{},[263,89861,89862,89865,89866],{},[15,89863,89864],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89867,89824],{},[263,89869,89870,89871],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89872,277],{},[263,89874,89875,89876,11814,89878],{},"so ",[15,89877,720],{},[15,89879,277],{},[20,89881,89882,89883,89885],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89884,46336],{}," call.",[51,89887,89889],{"className":53,"code":89888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89890,89891,89904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89892,89893,89896,89898,89900,89902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89894,89895],{"class":66},"message ",[60,89897,71],{"class":70},[60,89899,91],{"class":78},[60,89901,89824],{"class":82},[60,89903,3273],{"class":78},[60,89905,89906,89908,89910,89913],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89907,140],{"class":139},[60,89909,124],{"class":74},[60,89911,89912],{"class":120},"message",[60,89914,133],{"class":74},[20,89916,89917,89918,89920,89921,89925],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89919,46336],{}," with functions like ",[30,89922,89923],{"href":8132},[15,89924,2873],{},", which do return a value.",[46,89927,89929,89930],{"id":89928},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89931,46336],{},[20,89933,89934,89935,89937],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89936,46336],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[260,89939,89940,89943,89946,89949],{},[263,89941,89942],{},"to display results to the user",[263,89944,89945],{},"to show messages in a script",[263,89947,89948],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[263,89950,89951],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89953,2127],{},[51,89955,89957],{"className":53,"code":89956,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89958,89959,89967,89971,89991,90002],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89960,89961,89963,89965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89962,41067],{"class":66},[60,89964,71],{"class":70},[60,89966,38397],{"class":357},[60,89968,89969],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89970,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,89972,89973,89975,89977,89979,89981,89983,89985,89987,89989],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,89974,5869],{"class":1153},[60,89976,6298],{"class":66},[60,89978,1703],{"class":1153},[60,89980,53956],{"class":139},[60,89982,124],{"class":74},[60,89984,358],{"class":357},[60,89986,88],{"class":74},[60,89988,373],{"class":357},[60,89990,8255],{"class":74},[60,89992,89993,89996,89999],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,89994,89995],{"class":66},"    total ",[60,89997,89998],{"class":70},"+=",[60,90000,90001],{"class":66}," number\n",[60,90003,90004,90006,90008,90010,90013,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027,90029,90031],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,90005,7981],{"class":139},[60,90007,124],{"class":74},[60,90009,79],{"class":78},[60,90011,90012],{"class":82},"Current number:",[60,90014,79],{"class":78},[60,90016,88],{"class":74},[60,90018,2116],{"class":120},[60,90020,88],{"class":74},[60,90022,91],{"class":78},[60,90024,45449],{"class":82},[60,90026,79],{"class":78},[60,90028,88],{"class":74},[60,90030,45456],{"class":120},[60,90032,133],{"class":74},[20,90034,404],{},[51,90036,90038],{"className":53,"code":90037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90039,90040,90056,90070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90041,90042,90045,90047,90049,90052,90054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90043,90044],{"class":66},"Current number",[60,90046,258],{"class":74},[60,90048,5408],{"class":357},[60,90050,90051],{"class":66}," Total",[60,90053,258],{"class":74},[60,90055,29500],{"class":357},[60,90057,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90059,90044],{"class":66},[60,90061,258],{"class":74},[60,90063,363],{"class":357},[60,90065,90051],{"class":66},[60,90067,258],{"class":74},[60,90069,2494],{"class":357},[60,90071,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,90073,90044],{"class":66},[60,90075,258],{"class":74},[60,90077,368],{"class":357},[60,90079,90051],{"class":66},[60,90081,258],{"class":74},[60,90083,90084],{"class":357}," 6\n",[20,90086,90087,90088,117],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[30,90089,90091],{"href":90090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[46,90093,1245],{"id":1244},[20,90095,90096,90097,117],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90098,46336],{},[337,90100,90102],{"id":90101},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90104,90105],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[51,90107,90109],{"className":53,"code":90108,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90110,90111],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90112,90113,90115,90117,90119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90114,140],{"class":139},[60,90116,124],{"class":74},[60,90118,34752],{"class":120},[60,90120,133],{"class":74},[20,90122,1656,90123,90125],{},[15,90124,34752],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90127,10711],{},[51,90129,90131],{"className":53,"code":90130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90132,90133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90134,90135,90137,90139,90141,90143,90145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90136,140],{"class":139},[60,90138,124],{"class":74},[60,90140,79],{"class":78},[60,90142,34752],{"class":82},[60,90144,79],{"class":78},[60,90146,133],{"class":74},[337,90148,8331,90150,90152],{"id":90149},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90151,140],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90154,90155],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[51,90157,90159],{"className":53,"code":90158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90160,90161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90162,90163,90165,90167,90169],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90164,140],{"class":139},[60,90166,91],{"class":78},[60,90168,34752],{"class":82},[60,90170,3273],{"class":78},[20,90172,10711],{},[51,90174,90175],{"className":53,"code":90130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90176,90177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90178,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187,90189],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90180,140],{"class":139},[60,90182,124],{"class":74},[60,90184,79],{"class":78},[60,90186,34752],{"class":82},[60,90188,79],{"class":78},[60,90190,133],{"class":74},[337,90192,90194,90195],{"id":90193},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90196,1979],{},[20,90198,90199,90200,117],{},"This causes a ",[15,90201,2919],{},[51,90203,90204],{"className":53,"code":89292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90205,90206,90214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90207,90208,90210,90212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90209,21517],{"class":66},[60,90211,71],{"class":70},[60,90213,2504],{"class":357},[60,90215,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90217,140],{"class":139},[60,90219,124],{"class":74},[60,90221,79],{"class":78},[60,90223,89313],{"class":82},[60,90225,79],{"class":78},[60,90227,2372],{"class":70},[60,90229,9097],{"class":120},[60,90231,133],{"class":74},[20,90233,90234],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[51,90236,90238],{"className":53,"code":90237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90239,90240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90241,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90243,140],{"class":139},[60,90245,124],{"class":74},[60,90247,79],{"class":78},[60,90249,89214],{"class":82},[60,90251,79],{"class":78},[60,90253,88],{"class":74},[60,90255,9097],{"class":120},[60,90257,133],{"class":74},[20,90259,90260],{},"Or convert the number first:",[51,90262,90264],{"className":53,"code":90263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90265,90266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90267,90268,90270,90272,90274,90276,90278,90280,90282,90284,90286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90269,140],{"class":139},[60,90271,124],{"class":74},[60,90273,79],{"class":78},[60,90275,89313],{"class":82},[60,90277,79],{"class":78},[60,90279,2372],{"class":70},[60,90281,48789],{"class":1683},[60,90283,124],{"class":74},[60,90285,9206],{"class":120},[60,90287,1691],{"class":74},[20,90289,90290,90291,117],{},"If you see this error, read ",[30,90292,90294],{"href":90293},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[337,90296,1254,90298,90300],{"id":90297},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90299,46336],{}," to return a value",[20,90302,90303,90304,35215,90307,258],{},"This does not store ",[15,90305,90306],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90308,720],{},[51,90310,90312],{"className":53,"code":90311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90313,90314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90315,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324,90326,90328,90330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90317,688],{"class":66},[60,90319,71],{"class":70},[60,90321,89817],{"class":139},[60,90323,124],{"class":74},[60,90325,79],{"class":78},[60,90327,34752],{"class":82},[60,90329,79],{"class":78},[60,90331,133],{"class":74},[20,90333,90334,90335,117],{},"It stores ",[15,90336,277],{},[337,90338,90340,90341,1776,90343],{"id":90339},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90342,89354],{},[15,90344,52547],{},[20,90346,85700],{},[260,90348,90349,90358],{},[263,90350,90351,90353,90354,90357],{},[15,90352,89354],{}," changes what goes ",[41,90355,90356],{},"between"," multiple values",[263,90359,90360,90362,90363,90366],{},[15,90361,52547],{}," changes what appears ",[41,90364,90365],{},"after"," the output",[46,90368,90370],{"id":90369},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90372,90373,90374,90376],{},"These simple ",[15,90375,46336],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[51,90378,90380],{"className":53,"code":90379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90381,90382,90402,90417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90383,90384,90386,90388,90390,90393,90395,90397,90400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90385,140],{"class":139},[60,90387,124],{"class":74},[60,90389,79],{"class":78},[60,90391,90392],{"class":82},"Debug:",[60,90394,79],{"class":78},[60,90396,88],{"class":74},[60,90398,90399],{"class":120}," variable_name",[60,90401,133],{"class":74},[60,90403,90404,90406,90408,90410,90412,90415],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90405,140],{"class":139},[60,90407,124],{"class":74},[60,90409,1684],{"class":1683},[60,90411,124],{"class":74},[60,90413,90414],{"class":120},"variable_name",[60,90416,1691],{"class":74},[60,90418,90419,90421,90423,90425],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,90420,1713],{"class":139},[60,90422,124],{"class":74},[60,90424,140],{"class":139},[60,90426,133],{"class":74},[20,90428,90429],{},"What they do:",[260,90431,90432,90438,90444],{},[263,90433,90434,90437],{},[15,90435,90436],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[263,90439,90440,90443],{},[15,90441,90442],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[263,90445,90446,90449,90450],{},[15,90447,90448],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90451,46336],{},[46,90453,1746],{"id":1745},[337,90455,12599,90457,90459],{"id":90456},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90458,46336],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90461,90462,90463,90465,90466,36505],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90464,46336],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90467,52547],{},[337,90469,5079,90471,90473],{"id":90470},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90472,46336],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90475,90476,90477,90479],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90478,46336],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[337,90481,5067,90483,5070,90486,1779],{"id":90482},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90484,90485],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90487,277],{},[20,90489,28946,90490,90492],{},[15,90491,46336],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[337,90494,90496],{"id":90495},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90498,90499],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[51,90501,90503],{"className":53,"code":90502,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90504,90505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90506,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90508,140],{"class":139},[60,90510,124],{"class":74},[60,90512,79],{"class":78},[60,90514,89214],{"class":82},[60,90516,79],{"class":78},[60,90518,88],{"class":74},[60,90520,5916],{"class":357},[60,90522,133],{"class":74},[20,90524,90525,90526,39814],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90527,47568],{},[337,90529,1773,90531,1776,90533,1779],{"id":90530},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90532,89354],{},[15,90534,52547],{},[260,90536,90537,90542],{},[263,90538,90539,90541],{},[15,90540,89354],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[263,90543,90544,90546],{},[15,90545,52547],{}," changes what appears after the output",[46,90548,1808],{"id":1807},[260,90550,90551,90555,90561,90567,90572,90577],{},[263,90552,90553],{},[30,90554,50862],{"href":50861},[263,90556,90557],{},[30,90558,3491,90559,3424],{"href":8132},[15,90560,2873],{},[263,90562,90563],{},[30,90564,3491,90565,3424],{"href":42059},[15,90566,47568],{},[263,90568,90569],{},[30,90570,90571],{"href":89580},"How to format strings in Python",[263,90573,90574],{},[30,90575,90576],{"href":90090},"How to debug Python code",[263,90578,90579],{},[30,90580,90294],{"href":90293},[1841,90582,90583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":90585},[90586,90587,90589,90590,90596,90597,90598,90603,90609,90611,90613,90624,90625,90636],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":88758,"depth":111,"text":90588},"What print() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":88994,"depth":111,"text":88995,"children":90591},[90592,90593,90594,90595],{"id":89003,"depth":136,"text":89004},{"id":89044,"depth":136,"text":89045},{"id":89076,"depth":136,"text":89077},{"id":89103,"depth":136,"text":89104},{"id":89145,"depth":111,"text":89146},{"id":89341,"depth":111,"text":89342},{"id":89381,"depth":111,"text":90599,"children":90600},"sep argument",[90601,90602],{"id":89394,"depth":136,"text":89395},{"id":89444,"depth":136,"text":89445},{"id":89584,"depth":111,"text":90604,"children":90605},"end argument",[90606,90607,90608],{"id":89598,"depth":136,"text":89395},{"id":89651,"depth":136,"text":89652},{"id":89707,"depth":136,"text":89708},{"id":89791,"depth":111,"text":90610},"print() returns None",{"id":89928,"depth":111,"text":90612},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":90614},[90615,90616,90618,90620,90622],{"id":90101,"depth":136,"text":90102},{"id":90149,"depth":136,"text":90617},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90193,"depth":136,"text":90619},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90297,"depth":136,"text":90621},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90339,"depth":136,"text":90623},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90369,"depth":111,"text":90370},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":90626},[90627,90629,90631,90633,90634],{"id":90456,"depth":136,"text":90628},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90470,"depth":136,"text":90630},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90482,"depth":136,"text":90632},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90495,"depth":136,"text":90496},{"id":90530,"depth":136,"text":90635},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88641,"description":90637},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90644,"title":90645,"body":90646,"description":92950,"extension":1883,"meta":92951,"navigation":152,"path":92952,"seo":92953,"stem":92954,"__hash__":92955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90647,"toc":92896},[90648,90653,90658,90671,90673,90738,90749,90754,90759,90761,90784,90787,90818,90820,90837,90842,90848,90853,90902,90905,90922,90928,90933,90956,90958,90986,90992,91000,91027,91029,91054,91060,91063,91094,91096,91125,91129,91132,91137,91159,91161,91189,91195,91201,91227,91229,91253,91259,91265,91295,91297,91325,91335,91339,91345,91378,91380,91409,91412,91415,91448,91450,91458,91464,91466,91489,91494,91503,91508,91522,91524,91564,91566,91596,91600,91635,91641,91645,91689,91691,91721,91727,91730,91809,91811,91833,91841,91844,91907,91915,91990,91996,92003,92008,92013,92036,92038,92059,92061,92074,92076,92123,92125,92164,92173,92175,92179,92183,92186,92213,92216,92245,92248,92272,92275,92283,92289,92311,92313,92341,92345,92350,92405,92410,92412,92469,92476,92485,92488,92520,92522,92530,92533,92539,92541,92564,92567,92573,92576,92595,92597,92616,92619,92641,92643,92671,92675,92679,92784,92786,92799,92801,92807,92810,92818,92823,92829,92835,92840,92848,92854,92861,92863,92893],[10,90649,3491,90651,3495],{"id":90650},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90652,36083],{},[20,90654,32202,90655,90657],{},[15,90656,36083],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90659,90660,90661,90663,90664,90666,90667,90670],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90662,5869],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90665,36083],{}," stops ",[41,90668,90669],{},"before"," the end value.",[46,90672,49],{"id":48},[51,90674,90676],{"className":53,"code":90675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90677,90678,90694,90704,90708,90713,90718,90723,90728,90733],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90679,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90681,5869],{"class":1153},[60,90683,69436],{"class":66},[60,90685,1703],{"class":1153},[60,90687,53956],{"class":139},[60,90689,124],{"class":74},[60,90691,2056],{"class":357},[60,90693,8255],{"class":74},[60,90695,90696,90698,90700,90702],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90697,7981],{"class":139},[60,90699,124],{"class":74},[60,90701,36039],{"class":120},[60,90703,133],{"class":74},[60,90705,90706],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,90707,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,90709,90710],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,90711,90712],{"class":177},"# Output:\n",[60,90714,90715],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,90716,90717],{"class":177},"# 0\n",[60,90719,90720],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,90721,90722],{"class":177},"# 1\n",[60,90724,90725],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,90726,90727],{"class":177},"# 2\n",[60,90729,90730],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,90731,90732],{"class":177},"# 3\n",[60,90734,90735],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,90736,90737],{"class":177},"# 4\n",[20,90739,90740,90743,90744,90746,90747,117],{},[15,90741,90742],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90745,2039],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90748,2056],{},[46,90750,250,90752,253],{"id":90751},"what-range-does",[15,90753,36083],{},[20,90755,90756,90758],{},[15,90757,36083],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90760,12946],{},[260,90762,90763,90768,90774,90779],{},[263,90764,90765,90767],{},[15,90766,36083],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[263,90769,90770,90771,90773],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90772,5869],{}," loops",[263,90775,90776,90777],{},"The stop value is ",[41,90778,64957],{},[263,90780,17313,90781,90783],{},[15,90782,59885],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90785,90786],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[51,90788,90790],{"className":53,"code":90789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90791,90792,90808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90793,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90795,5869],{"class":1153},[60,90797,6298],{"class":66},[60,90799,1703],{"class":1153},[60,90801,53956],{"class":139},[60,90803,124],{"class":74},[60,90805,389],{"class":357},[60,90807,8255],{"class":74},[60,90809,90810,90812,90814,90816],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90811,7981],{"class":139},[60,90813,124],{"class":74},[60,90815,2159],{"class":120},[60,90817,133],{"class":74},[20,90819,404],{},[51,90821,90823],{"className":53,"code":90822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90824,90825,90829,90833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90826,90827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90828,47136],{"class":357},[60,90830,90831],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90832,46801],{"class":357},[60,90834,90835],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,90836,16947],{"class":357},[20,90838,90839,90840,117],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[30,90841,35915],{"href":35914},[46,90843,90845,90847],{"id":90844},"range-syntax",[15,90846,36083],{}," syntax",[20,90849,90850,90852],{},[15,90851,36083],{}," has three common forms:",[51,90854,90856],{"className":53,"code":90855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90857,90858,90868,90883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90859,90860,90862,90864,90866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90861,59885],{"class":139},[60,90863,124],{"class":74},[60,90865,75314],{"class":120},[60,90867,133],{"class":74},[60,90869,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90881],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90871,59885],{"class":139},[60,90873,124],{"class":74},[60,90875,35959],{"class":120},[60,90877,88],{"class":74},[60,90879,90880],{"class":120}," stop",[60,90882,133],{"class":74},[60,90884,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90900],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,90886,59885],{"class":139},[60,90888,124],{"class":74},[60,90890,35959],{"class":120},[60,90892,88],{"class":74},[60,90894,90880],{"class":120},[60,90896,88],{"class":74},[60,90898,90899],{"class":120}," step",[60,90901,133],{"class":74},[20,90903,90904],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[260,90906,90907,90912,90917],{},[263,90908,90909,90911],{},[15,90910,35959],{}," = first number",[263,90913,90914,90916],{},[15,90915,75314],{}," = end limit, not included",[263,90918,90919,90921],{},[15,90920,75317],{}," = amount to move each time",[337,90923,90925],{"id":90924},"rangestop",[15,90926,90927],{},"range(stop)",[20,90929,90930,90931,117],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90932,2039],{},[51,90934,90936],{"className":53,"code":90935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90937,90938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90939,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90941,140],{"class":139},[60,90943,124],{"class":74},[60,90945,8006],{"class":1683},[60,90947,124],{"class":74},[60,90949,59885],{"class":139},[60,90951,124],{"class":74},[60,90953,2056],{"class":357},[60,90955,2827],{"class":74},[20,90957,404],{},[51,90959,90960],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,90961,90962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90965,3812],{"class":74},[60,90967,2039],{"class":357},[60,90969,88],{"class":74},[60,90971,5408],{"class":357},[60,90973,88],{"class":74},[60,90975,363],{"class":357},[60,90977,88],{"class":74},[60,90979,368],{"class":357},[60,90981,88],{"class":74},[60,90983,373],{"class":357},[60,90985,1525],{"class":74},[337,90987,90989],{"id":90988},"rangestart-stop",[15,90990,90991],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90993,90994,90995,90997,90998,117],{},"This starts at ",[15,90996,35959],{}," and stops before ",[15,90999,75314],{},[51,91001,91003],{"className":53,"code":91002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91004,91005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91006,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91008,140],{"class":139},[60,91010,124],{"class":74},[60,91012,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91014,124],{"class":74},[60,91016,59885],{"class":139},[60,91018,124],{"class":74},[60,91020,1303],{"class":357},[60,91022,88],{"class":74},[60,91024,37527],{"class":357},[60,91026,2827],{"class":74},[20,91028,404],{},[51,91030,91032],{"className":53,"code":91031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91033,91034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91035,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91037,3812],{"class":74},[60,91039,1303],{"class":357},[60,91041,88],{"class":74},[60,91043,368],{"class":357},[60,91045,88],{"class":74},[60,91047,373],{"class":357},[60,91049,88],{"class":74},[60,91051,4516],{"class":357},[60,91053,1525],{"class":74},[337,91055,91057],{"id":91056},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91058,91059],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91061,91062],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[51,91064,91066],{"className":53,"code":91065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91067,91068],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91069,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91071,140],{"class":139},[60,91073,124],{"class":74},[60,91075,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91077,124],{"class":74},[60,91079,59885],{"class":139},[60,91081,124],{"class":74},[60,91083,358],{"class":357},[60,91085,88],{"class":74},[60,91087,5916],{"class":357},[60,91089,88],{"class":74},[60,91091,363],{"class":357},[60,91093,2827],{"class":74},[20,91095,404],{},[51,91097,91099],{"className":53,"code":91098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91100,91101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91102,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91104,3812],{"class":74},[60,91106,358],{"class":357},[60,91108,88],{"class":74},[60,91110,368],{"class":357},[60,91112,88],{"class":74},[60,91114,4516],{"class":357},[60,91116,88],{"class":74},[60,91118,5905],{"class":357},[60,91120,88],{"class":74},[60,91122,54022],{"class":357},[60,91124,1525],{"class":74},[46,91126,91128],{"id":91127},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91130,91131],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[337,91133,91135],{"id":91134},"range5",[15,91136,90742],{},[51,91138,91139],{"className":53,"code":90935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91140,91141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91144,140],{"class":139},[60,91146,124],{"class":74},[60,91148,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91150,124],{"class":74},[60,91152,59885],{"class":139},[60,91154,124],{"class":74},[60,91156,2056],{"class":357},[60,91158,2827],{"class":74},[20,91160,404],{},[51,91162,91163],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91164,91165],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91166,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91168,3812],{"class":74},[60,91170,2039],{"class":357},[60,91172,88],{"class":74},[60,91174,5408],{"class":357},[60,91176,88],{"class":74},[60,91178,363],{"class":357},[60,91180,88],{"class":74},[60,91182,368],{"class":357},[60,91184,88],{"class":74},[60,91186,373],{"class":357},[60,91188,1525],{"class":74},[20,91190,90994,91191,90997,91193,117],{},[15,91192,2039],{},[15,91194,2056],{},[337,91196,91198],{"id":91197},"range2-6",[15,91199,91200],{},"range(2, 6)",[51,91202,91203],{"className":53,"code":91002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91204,91205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91206,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91208,140],{"class":139},[60,91210,124],{"class":74},[60,91212,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91214,124],{"class":74},[60,91216,59885],{"class":139},[60,91218,124],{"class":74},[60,91220,1303],{"class":357},[60,91222,88],{"class":74},[60,91224,37527],{"class":357},[60,91226,2827],{"class":74},[20,91228,404],{},[51,91230,91231],{"className":53,"code":91031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91232,91233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91234,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91236,3812],{"class":74},[60,91238,1303],{"class":357},[60,91240,88],{"class":74},[60,91242,368],{"class":357},[60,91244,88],{"class":74},[60,91246,373],{"class":357},[60,91248,88],{"class":74},[60,91250,4516],{"class":357},[60,91252,1525],{"class":74},[20,91254,90994,91255,90997,91257,117],{},[15,91256,1303],{},[15,91258,80482],{},[337,91260,91262],{"id":91261},"range1-10-2",[15,91263,91264],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[51,91266,91267],{"className":53,"code":91065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91268,91269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91270,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91272,140],{"class":139},[60,91274,124],{"class":74},[60,91276,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91278,124],{"class":74},[60,91280,59885],{"class":139},[60,91282,124],{"class":74},[60,91284,358],{"class":357},[60,91286,88],{"class":74},[60,91288,5916],{"class":357},[60,91290,88],{"class":74},[60,91292,363],{"class":357},[60,91294,2827],{"class":74},[20,91296,404],{},[51,91298,91299],{"className":53,"code":91098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91300,91301],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91302,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91304,3812],{"class":74},[60,91306,358],{"class":357},[60,91308,88],{"class":74},[60,91310,368],{"class":357},[60,91312,88],{"class":74},[60,91314,4516],{"class":357},[60,91316,88],{"class":74},[60,91318,5905],{"class":357},[60,91320,88],{"class":74},[60,91322,54022],{"class":357},[60,91324,1525],{"class":74},[20,91326,91327,91328,91330,91331,61188,91333,117],{},"This moves by ",[15,91329,1303],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91332,358],{},[15,91334,2064],{},[337,91336,91338],{"id":91337},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91340,91341,91342,91344],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91343,36083],{}," count backward.",[51,91346,91348],{"className":53,"code":91347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91349,91350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91351,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91353,140],{"class":139},[60,91355,124],{"class":74},[60,91357,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91359,124],{"class":74},[60,91361,59885],{"class":139},[60,91363,124],{"class":74},[60,91365,2056],{"class":357},[60,91367,88],{"class":74},[60,91369,3747],{"class":357},[60,91371,88],{"class":74},[60,91373,2142],{"class":70},[60,91375,358],{"class":357},[60,91377,2827],{"class":74},[20,91379,404],{},[51,91381,91383],{"className":53,"code":91382,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91384,91385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91386,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91388,3812],{"class":74},[60,91390,2056],{"class":357},[60,91392,88],{"class":74},[60,91394,373],{"class":357},[60,91396,88],{"class":74},[60,91398,368],{"class":357},[60,91400,88],{"class":74},[60,91402,363],{"class":357},[60,91404,88],{"class":74},[60,91406,5408],{"class":357},[60,91408,1525],{"class":74},[20,91410,91411],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91413,91414],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[51,91416,91418],{"className":53,"code":91417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91419,91420],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91421,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91423,140],{"class":139},[60,91425,124],{"class":74},[60,91427,8006],{"class":1683},[60,91429,124],{"class":74},[60,91431,59885],{"class":139},[60,91433,124],{"class":74},[60,91435,358],{"class":357},[60,91437,88],{"class":74},[60,91439,4516],{"class":357},[60,91441,88],{"class":74},[60,91443,2142],{"class":70},[60,91445,358],{"class":357},[60,91447,2827],{"class":74},[20,91449,404],{},[51,91451,91452],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91453,91454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91455,91456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91457,38181],{"class":74},[337,91459,91460,76477,91462],{"id":76701},[15,91461,75317],{},[15,91463,2039],{},[20,91465,1603],{},[51,91467,91469],{"className":53,"code":91468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91470,91471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91472,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91474,59885],{"class":139},[60,91476,124],{"class":74},[60,91478,358],{"class":357},[60,91480,88],{"class":74},[60,91482,4516],{"class":357},[60,91484,88],{"class":74},[60,91486,3747],{"class":357},[60,91488,133],{"class":74},[20,91490,76746,91491,91493],{},[15,91492,40588],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[46,91495,8331,91497,91499,91500,91502],{"id":91496},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91498,36083],{}," in a ",[15,91501,5869],{}," loop",[20,91504,91505,91507],{},[15,91506,36083],{}," is most useful when:",[260,91509,91510,91513,91516],{},[263,91511,91512],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[263,91514,91515],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[263,91517,91518,91519],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91520,91521],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91523,2127],{},[51,91525,91527],{"className":53,"code":91526,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91528,91529,91545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91530,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91532,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91534,69436],{"class":66},[60,91536,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91538,53956],{"class":139},[60,91540,124],{"class":74},[60,91542,389],{"class":357},[60,91544,8255],{"class":74},[60,91546,91547,91549,91551,91553,91556,91558,91560,91562],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91548,7981],{"class":139},[60,91550,124],{"class":74},[60,91552,79],{"class":78},[60,91554,91555],{"class":82},"Loop number:",[60,91557,79],{"class":78},[60,91559,88],{"class":74},[60,91561,36015],{"class":120},[60,91563,133],{"class":74},[20,91565,404],{},[51,91567,91569],{"className":53,"code":91568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91570,91571,91580,91588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91572,91573,91576,91578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91574,91575],{"class":66},"Loop number",[60,91577,258],{"class":74},[60,91579,38397],{"class":357},[60,91581,91582,91584,91586],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91583,91575],{"class":66},[60,91585,258],{"class":74},[60,91587,29500],{"class":357},[60,91589,91590,91592,91594],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91591,91575],{"class":66},[60,91593,258],{"class":74},[60,91595,45475],{"class":357},[337,91597,91599],{"id":91598},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[51,91601,91603],{"className":53,"code":91602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91604,91605,91621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91606,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91608,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91610,69436],{"class":66},[60,91612,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91614,53956],{"class":139},[60,91616,124],{"class":74},[60,91618,2056],{"class":357},[60,91620,8255],{"class":74},[60,91622,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91624,7981],{"class":139},[60,91626,124],{"class":74},[60,91628,79],{"class":78},[60,91630,34752],{"class":82},[60,91632,79],{"class":78},[60,91634,133],{"class":74},[20,91636,91637,91638,91640],{},"This prints ",[15,91639,90306],{}," five times.",[337,91642,91644],{"id":91643},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[51,91646,91648],{"className":53,"code":91647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91649,91650,91670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91651,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91653,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91655,69436],{"class":66},[60,91657,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91659,53956],{"class":139},[60,91661,124],{"class":74},[60,91663,358],{"class":357},[60,91665,88],{"class":74},[60,91667,373],{"class":357},[60,91669,8255],{"class":74},[60,91671,91672,91674,91676,91678,91681,91683,91685,91687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91673,7981],{"class":139},[60,91675,124],{"class":74},[60,91677,79],{"class":78},[60,91679,91680],{"class":82},"Current number is",[60,91682,79],{"class":78},[60,91684,88],{"class":74},[60,91686,36015],{"class":120},[60,91688,133],{"class":74},[20,91690,404],{},[51,91692,91694],{"className":53,"code":91693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91695,91696,91705,91713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91697,91698,91701,91703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91699,91700],{"class":66},"Current number ",[60,91702,12088],{"class":70},[60,91704,29500],{"class":357},[60,91706,91707,91709,91711],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91708,91700],{"class":66},[60,91710,12088],{"class":70},[60,91712,45475],{"class":357},[60,91714,91715,91717,91719],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91716,91700],{"class":66},[60,91718,12088],{"class":70},[60,91720,2494],{"class":357},[337,91722,91724,91726],{"id":91723},"range-and-indexing",[15,91725,36083],{}," and indexing",[20,91728,91729],{},"You may see code like this:",[51,91731,91733],{"className":53,"code":91732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91734,91735,91767,91771,91791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91736,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91738,486],{"class":66},[60,91740,71],{"class":70},[60,91742,1512],{"class":74},[60,91744,79],{"class":78},[60,91746,30],{"class":82},[60,91748,79],{"class":78},[60,91750,88],{"class":74},[60,91752,91],{"class":78},[60,91754,1428],{"class":82},[60,91756,79],{"class":78},[60,91758,88],{"class":74},[60,91760,91],{"class":78},[60,91762,1437],{"class":82},[60,91764,79],{"class":78},[60,91766,1525],{"class":74},[60,91768,91769],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91770,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,91772,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91774,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91776,69436],{"class":66},[60,91778,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91780,53956],{"class":139},[60,91782,124],{"class":74},[60,91784,11064],{"class":139},[60,91786,124],{"class":74},[60,91788,517],{"class":120},[60,91790,69451],{"class":74},[60,91792,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,91794,7981],{"class":139},[60,91796,124],{"class":74},[60,91798,36039],{"class":120},[60,91800,88],{"class":74},[60,91802,5877],{"class":120},[60,91804,3812],{"class":74},[60,91806,36039],{"class":120},[60,91808,1646],{"class":74},[20,91810,404],{},[51,91812,91813],{"className":53,"code":36051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91814,91815,91821,91827],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91816,91817,91819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91818,2039],{"class":357},[60,91820,36060],{"class":66},[60,91822,91823,91825],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91824,358],{"class":357},[60,91826,36067],{"class":66},[60,91828,91829,91831],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91830,1303],{"class":357},[60,91832,36074],{"class":66},[20,91834,91835,91836,91840],{},"This works, and it uses ",[30,91837,91838],{"href":42242},[15,91839,42245],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91842,91843],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[51,91845,91847],{"className":53,"code":91846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91848,91849,91881,91885,91897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91850,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91852,486],{"class":66},[60,91854,71],{"class":70},[60,91856,1512],{"class":74},[60,91858,79],{"class":78},[60,91860,30],{"class":82},[60,91862,79],{"class":78},[60,91864,88],{"class":74},[60,91866,91],{"class":78},[60,91868,1428],{"class":82},[60,91870,79],{"class":78},[60,91872,88],{"class":74},[60,91874,91],{"class":78},[60,91876,1437],{"class":82},[60,91878,79],{"class":78},[60,91880,1525],{"class":74},[60,91882,91883],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91884,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,91886,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91888,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91890,5872],{"class":66},[60,91892,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91894,5877],{"class":66},[60,91896,1168],{"class":74},[60,91898,91899,91901,91903,91905],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,91900,7981],{"class":139},[60,91902,124],{"class":74},[60,91904,23197],{"class":120},[60,91906,133],{"class":74},[20,91908,36476,91909,91914],{},[30,91910,91912],{"href":91911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91913,35635],{}," is usually a better choice:",[51,91916,91918],{"className":53,"code":91917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91919,91920,91952,91956,91976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91923,486],{"class":66},[60,91925,71],{"class":70},[60,91927,1512],{"class":74},[60,91929,79],{"class":78},[60,91931,30],{"class":82},[60,91933,79],{"class":78},[60,91935,88],{"class":74},[60,91937,91],{"class":78},[60,91939,1428],{"class":82},[60,91941,79],{"class":78},[60,91943,88],{"class":74},[60,91945,91],{"class":78},[60,91947,1437],{"class":82},[60,91949,79],{"class":78},[60,91951,1525],{"class":74},[60,91953,91954],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91955,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,91959,5869],{"class":1153},[60,91961,35707],{"class":66},[60,91963,88],{"class":74},[60,91965,5872],{"class":66},[60,91967,1703],{"class":1153},[60,91969,35717],{"class":139},[60,91971,124],{"class":74},[60,91973,517],{"class":120},[60,91975,8255],{"class":74},[60,91977,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,91979,7981],{"class":139},[60,91981,124],{"class":74},[60,91983,35732],{"class":120},[60,91985,88],{"class":74},[60,91987,29392],{"class":120},[60,91989,133],{"class":74},[20,91991,79006,91992,117],{},[30,91993,36489,91994,36492],{"href":36488},[15,91995,35635],{},[46,91997,91999,92000,92002],{"id":91998},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92001,36083],{}," to a list",[20,92004,92005,92007],{},[15,92006,36083],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92009,92010,92011,258],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92012,24667],{},[51,92014,92016],{"className":53,"code":92015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92017,92018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92019,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92021,140],{"class":139},[60,92023,124],{"class":74},[60,92025,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92027,124],{"class":74},[60,92029,59885],{"class":139},[60,92031,124],{"class":74},[60,92033,389],{"class":357},[60,92035,2827],{"class":74},[20,92037,404],{},[51,92039,92041],{"className":53,"code":92040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92042,92043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92044,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92046,3812],{"class":74},[60,92048,2039],{"class":357},[60,92050,88],{"class":74},[60,92052,5408],{"class":357},[60,92054,88],{"class":74},[60,92056,363],{"class":357},[60,92058,1525],{"class":74},[20,92060,33196],{},[260,92062,92063,92068,92071],{},[263,92064,92065,92066,41970],{},"learning how ",[15,92067,36083],{},[263,92069,92070],{},"checking your values",[263,92072,92073],{},"debugging code",[20,92075,5382],{},[51,92077,92079],{"className":53,"code":92078,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92080,92081,92095,92099,92109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92082,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92084,350],{"class":66},[60,92086,71],{"class":70},[60,92088,53956],{"class":139},[60,92090,124],{"class":74},[60,92092,2421],{"class":357},[60,92094,133],{"class":74},[60,92096,92097],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92098,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,92100,92101,92103,92105,92107],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,92102,140],{"class":139},[60,92104,124],{"class":74},[60,92106,380],{"class":120},[60,92108,133],{"class":74},[60,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,92112,140],{"class":139},[60,92114,124],{"class":74},[60,92116,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92118,124],{"class":74},[60,92120,380],{"class":120},[60,92122,1691],{"class":74},[20,92124,404],{},[51,92126,92128],{"className":53,"code":92127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92129,92130,92144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92131,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92133,59885],{"class":139},[60,92135,124],{"class":74},[60,92137,2039],{"class":357},[60,92139,88],{"class":74},[60,92141,373],{"class":357},[60,92143,133],{"class":74},[60,92145,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92147,3812],{"class":74},[60,92149,2039],{"class":357},[60,92151,88],{"class":74},[60,92153,5408],{"class":357},[60,92155,88],{"class":74},[60,92157,363],{"class":357},[60,92159,88],{"class":74},[60,92161,368],{"class":357},[60,92163,1525],{"class":74},[20,92165,92166,92167,474,92169,92172],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92168,59885],{},[15,92170,92171],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[46,92174,4430],{"id":4429},[20,92176,33425,92177,117],{},[15,92178,36083],{},[337,92180,92182],{"id":92181},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92184,92185],{},"Many beginners think this:",[51,92187,92189],{"className":53,"code":92188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92190,92191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92194,140],{"class":139},[60,92196,124],{"class":74},[60,92198,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92200,124],{"class":74},[60,92202,59885],{"class":139},[60,92204,124],{"class":74},[60,92206,358],{"class":357},[60,92208,88],{"class":74},[60,92210,4516],{"class":357},[60,92212,2827],{"class":74},[20,92214,92215],{},"will produce:",[51,92217,92219],{"className":53,"code":92218,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92220,92221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92222,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92224,3812],{"class":74},[60,92226,358],{"class":357},[60,92228,88],{"class":74},[60,92230,363],{"class":357},[60,92232,88],{"class":74},[60,92234,368],{"class":357},[60,92236,88],{"class":74},[60,92238,373],{"class":357},[60,92240,88],{"class":74},[60,92242,4516],{"class":357},[60,92244,1525],{"class":74},[20,92246,92247],{},"But the real output is:",[51,92249,92250],{"className":53,"code":53391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92251,92252],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92255,3812],{"class":74},[60,92257,358],{"class":357},[60,92259,88],{"class":74},[60,92261,363],{"class":357},[60,92263,88],{"class":74},[60,92265,368],{"class":357},[60,92267,88],{"class":74},[60,92269,373],{"class":357},[60,92271,1525],{"class":74},[20,92273,92274],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[337,92276,4490,92278,92280,92281],{"id":92277},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92279,90742],{}," starts at ",[15,92282,358],{},[20,92284,37351,92285,18853,92287,117],{},[15,92286,2039],{},[15,92288,358],{},[51,92290,92291],{"className":53,"code":90935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92292,92293],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92294,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92296,140],{"class":139},[60,92298,124],{"class":74},[60,92300,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92302,124],{"class":74},[60,92304,59885],{"class":139},[60,92306,124],{"class":74},[60,92308,2056],{"class":357},[60,92310,2827],{"class":74},[20,92312,404],{},[51,92314,92315],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92316,92317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92318,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92320,3812],{"class":74},[60,92322,2039],{"class":357},[60,92324,88],{"class":74},[60,92326,5408],{"class":357},[60,92328,88],{"class":74},[60,92330,363],{"class":357},[60,92332,88],{"class":74},[60,92334,368],{"class":357},[60,92336,88],{"class":74},[60,92338,373],{"class":357},[60,92340,1525],{"class":74},[337,92342,92344],{"id":92343},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92346,92347,92348,258],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92349,2873],{},[51,92351,92353],{"className":53,"code":92352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92354,92355,92374,92378,92395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92356,92357,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92358,92359],{"class":66},"user_number ",[60,92361,71],{"class":70},[60,92363,8155],{"class":139},[60,92365,124],{"class":74},[60,92367,79],{"class":78},[60,92369,41756],{"class":82},[60,92371,79],{"class":78},[60,92373,133],{"class":74},[60,92375,92376],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92377,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,92379,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92393],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,92381,5869],{"class":1153},[60,92383,69436],{"class":66},[60,92385,1703],{"class":1153},[60,92387,53956],{"class":139},[60,92389,124],{"class":74},[60,92391,92392],{"class":120},"user_number",[60,92394,8255],{"class":74},[60,92396,92397,92399,92401,92403],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,92398,7981],{"class":139},[60,92400,124],{"class":74},[60,92402,36039],{"class":120},[60,92404,133],{"class":74},[20,92406,48395,92407,92409],{},[15,92408,2873],{}," returns a string.",[20,92411,10711],{},[51,92413,92415],{"className":53,"code":92414,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92416,92417,92439,92443,92459],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92418,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92420,92359],{"class":66},[60,92422,71],{"class":70},[60,92424,45162],{"class":1683},[60,92426,124],{"class":74},[60,92428,42347],{"class":139},[60,92430,124],{"class":74},[60,92432,79],{"class":78},[60,92434,41756],{"class":82},[60,92436,79],{"class":78},[60,92438,1691],{"class":74},[60,92440,92441],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92442,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,92444,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,92446,5869],{"class":1153},[60,92448,69436],{"class":66},[60,92450,1703],{"class":1153},[60,92452,53956],{"class":139},[60,92454,124],{"class":74},[60,92456,92392],{"class":120},[60,92458,8255],{"class":74},[60,92460,92461,92463,92465,92467],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,92462,7981],{"class":139},[60,92464,124],{"class":74},[60,92466,36039],{"class":120},[60,92468,133],{"class":74},[20,92470,92471,92472,117],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[30,92473,50409,92474],{"href":50408},[15,92475,50412],{},[337,92477,92479,92480,92482,92483],{"id":92478},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92481,35959],{}," smaller than ",[15,92484,75314],{},[20,92486,92487],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[51,92489,92490],{"className":53,"code":91417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92491,92492],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92493,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92495,140],{"class":139},[60,92497,124],{"class":74},[60,92499,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92501,124],{"class":74},[60,92503,59885],{"class":139},[60,92505,124],{"class":74},[60,92507,358],{"class":357},[60,92509,88],{"class":74},[60,92511,4516],{"class":357},[60,92513,88],{"class":74},[60,92515,2142],{"class":70},[60,92517,358],{"class":357},[60,92519,2827],{"class":74},[20,92521,404],{},[51,92523,92524],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92525,92526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92527,92528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92529,38181],{"class":74},[20,92531,92532],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[337,92534,1487,92536],{"id":92535},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92537,92538],{},"step = 0",[20,92540,77457],{},[51,92542,92544],{"className":53,"code":92543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92545,92546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92547,92548,92550,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92549,59885],{"class":139},[60,92551,124],{"class":74},[60,92553,358],{"class":357},[60,92555,88],{"class":74},[60,92557,5916],{"class":357},[60,92559,88],{"class":74},[60,92561,3747],{"class":357},[60,92563,133],{"class":74},[20,92565,92566],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[337,92568,4615,92570,92572],{"id":92569},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92571,36083],{}," is not a list",[20,92574,92575],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[51,92577,92579],{"className":53,"code":92578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92580,92581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92582,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92584,140],{"class":139},[60,92586,124],{"class":74},[60,92588,59885],{"class":139},[60,92590,124],{"class":74},[60,92592,2056],{"class":357},[60,92594,1691],{"class":74},[20,92596,404],{},[51,92598,92600],{"className":53,"code":92599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92601,92602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92603,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92605,59885],{"class":139},[60,92607,124],{"class":74},[60,92609,2039],{"class":357},[60,92611,88],{"class":74},[60,92613,4516],{"class":357},[60,92615,133],{"class":74},[20,92617,92618],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[51,92620,92621],{"className":53,"code":90935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92622,92623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92624,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92626,140],{"class":139},[60,92628,124],{"class":74},[60,92630,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92632,124],{"class":74},[60,92634,59885],{"class":139},[60,92636,124],{"class":74},[60,92638,2056],{"class":357},[60,92640,2827],{"class":74},[20,92642,404],{},[51,92644,92645],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92646,92647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92648,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92650,3812],{"class":74},[60,92652,2039],{"class":357},[60,92654,88],{"class":74},[60,92656,5408],{"class":357},[60,92658,88],{"class":74},[60,92660,363],{"class":357},[60,92662,88],{"class":74},[60,92664,368],{"class":357},[60,92666,88],{"class":74},[60,92668,373],{"class":357},[60,92670,1525],{"class":74},[46,92672,92674],{"id":92673},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92676,1656,92677,82228],{},[15,92678,36083],{},[51,92680,92682],{"className":53,"code":92681,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92683,92684,92698,92716,92738,92766],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92685,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92687,140],{"class":139},[60,92689,124],{"class":74},[60,92691,59885],{"class":139},[60,92693,124],{"class":74},[60,92695,2056],{"class":357},[60,92697,1691],{"class":74},[60,92699,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92701,140],{"class":139},[60,92703,124],{"class":74},[60,92705,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92707,124],{"class":74},[60,92709,59885],{"class":139},[60,92711,124],{"class":74},[60,92713,2056],{"class":357},[60,92715,2827],{"class":74},[60,92717,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,92719,140],{"class":139},[60,92721,124],{"class":74},[60,92723,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92725,124],{"class":74},[60,92727,59885],{"class":139},[60,92729,124],{"class":74},[60,92731,1303],{"class":357},[60,92733,88],{"class":74},[60,92735,6271],{"class":357},[60,92737,2827],{"class":74},[60,92739,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,92741,140],{"class":139},[60,92743,124],{"class":74},[60,92745,8006],{"class":1683},[60,92747,124],{"class":74},[60,92749,59885],{"class":139},[60,92751,124],{"class":74},[60,92753,2250],{"class":357},[60,92755,88],{"class":74},[60,92757,3747],{"class":357},[60,92759,88],{"class":74},[60,92761,2142],{"class":70},[60,92763,1303],{"class":357},[60,92765,2827],{"class":74},[60,92767,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,92769,140],{"class":139},[60,92771,124],{"class":74},[60,92773,1684],{"class":1683},[60,92775,124],{"class":74},[60,92777,59885],{"class":139},[60,92779,124],{"class":74},[60,92781,2056],{"class":357},[60,92783,2827],{"class":74},[20,92785,25894],{},[260,92787,92788,92791,92794],{},[263,92789,92790],{},"what values are being created",[263,92792,92793],{},"whether the direction is correct",[263,92795,92796,92797,24504],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92798,59885],{},[46,92800,1746],{"id":1745},[337,92802,12599,92804,92806],{"id":92803},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92805,36083],{}," include the last number?",[20,92808,92809],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[337,92811,5067,92813,92815,92816,1779],{"id":92812},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92814,90742],{}," start at ",[15,92817,2039],{},[20,92819,92820,92821,117],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92822,2039],{},[337,92824,5079,92826,92828],{"id":92825},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92827,36083],{}," count backward?",[20,92830,92831,92832,117],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92833,92834],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[337,92836,14794,92838,25929],{"id":92837},"is-range-a-list",[15,92839,36083],{},[20,92841,25932,92842,92844,92845,23825],{},[15,92843,59885],{}," object. Use ",[15,92846,92847],{},"list(range(...))",[337,92849,5067,92851,48569],{"id":92850},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92852,92853],{},"range(input())",[20,92855,92856,3399,92858,117],{},[15,92857,2873],{},[15,92859,92860],{},"int(input())",[46,92862,1808],{"id":1807},[260,92864,92865,92869,92875,92881,92887],{},[263,92866,92867],{},[30,92868,35915],{"href":35914},[263,92870,92871],{},[30,92872,3491,92873,3424],{"href":42242},[15,92874,42245],{},[263,92876,92877],{},[30,92878,3491,92879,3424],{"href":91911},[15,92880,35635],{},[263,92882,92883],{},[30,92884,37402,92885,36492],{"href":36488},[15,92886,35635],{},[263,92888,92889],{},[30,92890,50409,92891],{"href":50408},[15,92892,50412],{},[1841,92894,92895],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":92897},[92898,92899,92901,92907,92915,92922,92924,92936,92937,92949],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":90751,"depth":111,"text":92900},"What range() does",{"id":90844,"depth":111,"text":92902,"children":92903},"range() syntax",[92904,92905,92906],{"id":90924,"depth":136,"text":90927},{"id":90988,"depth":136,"text":90991},{"id":91056,"depth":136,"text":91059},{"id":91127,"depth":111,"text":91128,"children":92908},[92909,92910,92911,92912,92913],{"id":91134,"depth":136,"text":90742},{"id":91197,"depth":136,"text":91200},{"id":91261,"depth":136,"text":91264},{"id":91337,"depth":136,"text":91338},{"id":76701,"depth":136,"text":92914},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91496,"depth":111,"text":92916,"children":92917},"Using range() in a for loop",[92918,92919,92920],{"id":91598,"depth":136,"text":91599},{"id":91643,"depth":136,"text":91644},{"id":91723,"depth":136,"text":92921},"range() and indexing",{"id":91998,"depth":111,"text":92923},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":92925},[92926,92927,92929,92930,92932,92934],{"id":92181,"depth":136,"text":92182},{"id":92277,"depth":136,"text":92928},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92343,"depth":136,"text":92344},{"id":92478,"depth":136,"text":92931},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92535,"depth":136,"text":92933},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92569,"depth":136,"text":92935},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92673,"depth":111,"text":92674},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":92938},[92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"id":92803,"depth":136,"text":92940},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92812,"depth":136,"text":92942},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92825,"depth":136,"text":92944},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92837,"depth":136,"text":92946},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92850,"depth":136,"text":92948},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90645,"description":92950},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92957,"title":92958,"body":92959,"description":94632,"extension":1883,"meta":94633,"navigation":152,"path":94634,"seo":94635,"stem":94636,"__hash__":94637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92960,"toc":94605},[92961,92970,92977,92994,93010,93012,93061,93069,93073,93076,93096,93098,93162,93164,93207,93210,93256,93258,93291,93301,93307,93315,93332,93334,93365,93367,93392,93397,93408,93411,93481,93483,93514,93519,93524,93541,93543,93594,93596,93629,93632,93639,93644,93648,93664,93666,93710,93712,93758,93761,93774,93779,93783,93797,93799,93850,93852,93885,93890,93892,93899,93901,93924,93926,93991,93993,94010,94013,94046,94048,94076,94086,94093,94097,94100,94118,94121,94149,94152,94170,94175,94181,94184,94206,94208,94236,94238,94241,94266,94269,94382,94384,94463,94465,94471,94476,94484,94492,94496,94499,94501,94534,94536,94544,94550,94557,94564,94567,94569,94602],[10,92962,3491,92964,474,92966,92969],{"id":92963},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92965,36083],{},[15,92967,92968],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92971,92972,1776,92974,92976],{},[15,92973,36083],{},[15,92975,92968],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[260,92978,92979,92987],{},[263,92980,92981,92983,92984],{},[15,92982,36083],{}," creates a ",[41,92985,92986],{},"range object",[263,92988,92989,92983,92991],{},[15,92990,92968],{},[41,92992,92993],{},"real list",[20,92995,92996,92997,92999,93000,93003,93004,93006,93007,93009],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92998,90742],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93001,93002],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93005,36083],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93008,92968],{}," when you actually need a list.",[46,93011,3525],{"id":3524},[51,93013,93015],{"className":53,"code":93014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93016,93017,93031,93044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93018,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93020,350],{"class":66},[60,93022,71],{"class":70},[60,93024,53956],{"class":139},[60,93026,124],{"class":74},[60,93028,2056],{"class":357},[60,93030,133],{"class":74},[60,93032,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93034,140],{"class":139},[60,93036,124],{"class":74},[60,93038,380],{"class":120},[60,93040,174],{"class":74},[60,93042,93043],{"class":177},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[60,93045,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93047,140],{"class":139},[60,93049,124],{"class":74},[60,93051,8006],{"class":1683},[60,93053,124],{"class":74},[60,93055,380],{"class":120},[60,93057,5271],{"class":74},[60,93059,93060],{"class":177},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93062,243,93063,93065,93066,93068],{},[15,93064,36083],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93067,92968],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[46,93070,93072],{"id":93071},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93074,93075],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[260,93077,93078,93085,93090,93093],{},[263,93079,93080,21864,93082,93084],{},[15,93081,36083],{},[41,93083,92986],{},", not a list",[263,93086,93087,93089],{},[15,93088,92968],{}," converts that range object into a list",[263,93091,93092],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[263,93094,93095],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93097,2127],{},[51,93099,93101],{"className":53,"code":93100,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93102,93103,93118,93137,93141,93151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93104,93105,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93106,93107],{"class":66},"r ",[60,93109,71],{"class":70},[60,93111,53956],{"class":139},[60,93113,124],{"class":74},[60,93115,2056],{"class":357},[60,93117,133],{"class":74},[60,93119,93120,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93121,93122],{"class":66},"lst ",[60,93124,71],{"class":70},[60,93126,22446],{"class":1683},[60,93128,124],{"class":74},[60,93130,59885],{"class":139},[60,93132,124],{"class":74},[60,93134,2056],{"class":357},[60,93136,1691],{"class":74},[60,93138,93139],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93140,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,93142,93143,93145,93147,93149],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93144,140],{"class":139},[60,93146,124],{"class":74},[60,93148,60392],{"class":120},[60,93150,133],{"class":74},[60,93152,93153,93155,93157,93160],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,93154,140],{"class":139},[60,93156,124],{"class":74},[60,93158,93159],{"class":120},"lst",[60,93161,133],{"class":74},[20,93163,404],{},[51,93165,93167],{"className":53,"code":93166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93168,93169,93183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93172,59885],{"class":139},[60,93174,124],{"class":74},[60,93176,2039],{"class":357},[60,93178,88],{"class":74},[60,93180,4516],{"class":357},[60,93182,133],{"class":74},[60,93184,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203,93205],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93186,3812],{"class":74},[60,93188,2039],{"class":357},[60,93190,88],{"class":74},[60,93192,5408],{"class":357},[60,93194,88],{"class":74},[60,93196,363],{"class":357},[60,93198,88],{"class":74},[60,93200,368],{"class":357},[60,93202,88],{"class":74},[60,93204,373],{"class":357},[60,93206,1525],{"class":74},[20,93208,93209],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[51,93211,93213],{"className":53,"code":93212,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93214,93215,93233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93218,140],{"class":139},[60,93220,124],{"class":74},[60,93222,1684],{"class":1683},[60,93224,124],{"class":74},[60,93226,59885],{"class":139},[60,93228,124],{"class":74},[60,93230,2056],{"class":357},[60,93232,2827],{"class":74},[60,93234,93235,93237,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93236,140],{"class":139},[60,93238,124],{"class":74},[60,93240,1684],{"class":1683},[60,93242,124],{"class":74},[60,93244,8006],{"class":1683},[60,93246,124],{"class":74},[60,93248,59885],{"class":139},[60,93250,124],{"class":74},[60,93252,2056],{"class":357},[60,93254,93255],{"class":74},"))))\n",[20,93257,404],{},[51,93259,93261],{"className":53,"code":93260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93262,93263,93277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93264,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93266,3205],{"class":70},[60,93268,3208],{"class":1984},[60,93270,214],{"class":78},[60,93272,59885],{"class":82},[60,93274,205],{"class":78},[60,93276,3217],{"class":70},[60,93278,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93280,3205],{"class":70},[60,93282,3208],{"class":1984},[60,93284,214],{"class":78},[60,93286,8006],{"class":82},[60,93288,205],{"class":78},[60,93290,3217],{"class":70},[20,93292,93293,93294,93296,93297,117],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93295,36083],{}," works, see ",[30,93298,3491,93299,3424],{"href":92952},[15,93300,36083],{},[46,93302,250,93304,93306],{"id":93303},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93305,36083],{}," gives you",[20,93308,93309,93311,93312,93314],{},[15,93310,36083],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93313,5869],{}," loops.",[260,93316,93317,93320,93323,93326],{},[263,93318,93319],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[263,93321,93322],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[263,93324,93325],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[263,93327,93328,93329],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93330,93331],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93333,2127],{},[51,93335,93337],{"className":53,"code":93336,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93338,93339,93355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93340,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93342,5869],{"class":1153},[60,93344,69436],{"class":66},[60,93346,1703],{"class":1153},[60,93348,53956],{"class":139},[60,93350,124],{"class":74},[60,93352,2056],{"class":357},[60,93354,8255],{"class":74},[60,93356,93357,93359,93361,93363],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93358,7981],{"class":139},[60,93360,124],{"class":74},[60,93362,36039],{"class":120},[60,93364,133],{"class":74},[20,93366,404],{},[51,93368,93370],{"className":53,"code":93369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93371,93372,93376,93380,93384,93388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93373,93374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93375,47136],{"class":357},[60,93377,93378],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93379,46801],{"class":357},[60,93381,93382],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93383,16947],{"class":357},[60,93385,93386],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93387,46501],{"class":357},[60,93389,93390],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,93391,48535],{"class":357},[20,93393,20660,93394,93396],{},[15,93395,90742],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93398,93399,93400,93402,93403,117],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93401,36083],{}," is so common with ",[30,93404,3491,93406,90773],{"href":93405},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93407,5869],{},[20,93409,93410],{},"You can also inspect it:",[51,93412,93414],{"className":53,"code":93413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93415,93416,93438,93442,93452,93466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93417,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93419,93107],{"class":66},[60,93421,71],{"class":70},[60,93423,53956],{"class":139},[60,93425,124],{"class":74},[60,93427,1303],{"class":357},[60,93429,88],{"class":74},[60,93431,5916],{"class":357},[60,93433,88],{"class":74},[60,93435,363],{"class":357},[60,93437,133],{"class":74},[60,93439,93440],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93441,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93445,140],{"class":139},[60,93447,124],{"class":74},[60,93449,60392],{"class":120},[60,93451,133],{"class":74},[60,93453,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93455,140],{"class":139},[60,93457,124],{"class":74},[60,93459,11064],{"class":139},[60,93461,124],{"class":74},[60,93463,60392],{"class":120},[60,93465,1691],{"class":74},[60,93467,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93479],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,93469,140],{"class":139},[60,93471,124],{"class":74},[60,93473,80482],{"class":357},[60,93475,1163],{"class":1153},[60,93477,93478],{"class":120}," r",[60,93480,133],{"class":74},[20,93482,404],{},[51,93484,93486],{"className":53,"code":93485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93487,93488,93506,93510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93489,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502,93504],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93491,59885],{"class":139},[60,93493,124],{"class":74},[60,93495,1303],{"class":357},[60,93497,88],{"class":74},[60,93499,5916],{"class":357},[60,93501,88],{"class":74},[60,93503,363],{"class":357},[60,93505,133],{"class":74},[60,93507,93508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93509,48535],{"class":357},[60,93511,93512],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93513,3892],{"class":734},[46,93515,250,93517,93306],{"id":93516},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93518,92968],{},[20,93520,93521,93523],{},[15,93522,92968],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[260,93525,93526,93529,93532,93535],{},[263,93527,93528],{},"It creates all values at once",[263,93530,93531],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[263,93533,93534],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[263,93536,93537,93538,93540],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93539,36083],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93542,2127],{},[51,93544,93546],{"className":53,"code":93545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93547,93548,93566,93570,93580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93551,350],{"class":66},[60,93553,71],{"class":70},[60,93555,22446],{"class":1683},[60,93557,124],{"class":74},[60,93559,59885],{"class":139},[60,93561,124],{"class":74},[60,93563,2056],{"class":357},[60,93565,1691],{"class":74},[60,93567,93568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93569,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,93571,93572,93574,93576,93578],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93573,140],{"class":139},[60,93575,124],{"class":74},[60,93577,380],{"class":120},[60,93579,133],{"class":74},[60,93581,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93583,140],{"class":139},[60,93585,124],{"class":74},[60,93587,380],{"class":120},[60,93589,3812],{"class":74},[60,93591,1303],{"class":357},[60,93593,1646],{"class":74},[20,93595,404],{},[51,93597,93599],{"className":53,"code":93598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93600,93601,93625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93602,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93604,3812],{"class":74},[60,93606,2039],{"class":357},[60,93608,88],{"class":74},[60,93610,5408],{"class":357},[60,93612,88],{"class":74},[60,93614,363],{"class":357},[60,93616,88],{"class":74},[60,93618,368],{"class":357},[60,93620,88],{"class":74},[60,93622,373],{"class":357},[60,93624,1525],{"class":74},[60,93626,93627],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93628,16947],{"class":357},[20,93630,93631],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93633,93634,93635,117],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[30,93636,3491,93637,3424],{"href":64735},[15,93638,24667],{},[46,93640,1220,93642],{"id":93641},"when-to-use-range",[15,93643,36083],{},[20,93645,243,93646,1227],{},[15,93647,36083],{},[260,93649,93650,93655,93658,93661],{},[263,93651,93652,93653,91502],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93654,5869],{},[263,93656,93657],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[263,93659,93660],{},"You are working with large sequences",[263,93662,93663],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93665,2127],{},[51,93667,93669],{"className":53,"code":93668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93670,93671,93691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93672,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93674,5869],{"class":1153},[60,93676,69436],{"class":66},[60,93678,1703],{"class":1153},[60,93680,53956],{"class":139},[60,93682,124],{"class":74},[60,93684,358],{"class":357},[60,93686,88],{"class":74},[60,93688,37527],{"class":357},[60,93690,8255],{"class":74},[60,93692,93693,93695,93697,93699,93702,93704,93706,93708],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93694,7981],{"class":139},[60,93696,124],{"class":74},[60,93698,79],{"class":78},[60,93700,93701],{"class":82},"Count:",[60,93703,79],{"class":78},[60,93705,88],{"class":74},[60,93707,36015],{"class":120},[60,93709,133],{"class":74},[20,93711,404],{},[51,93713,93715],{"className":53,"code":93714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93716,93717,93726,93734,93742,93750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93718,93719,93722,93724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93720,93721],{"class":66},"Count",[60,93723,258],{"class":74},[60,93725,29500],{"class":357},[60,93727,93728,93730,93732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93729,93721],{"class":66},[60,93731,258],{"class":74},[60,93733,45475],{"class":357},[60,93735,93736,93738,93740],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93737,93721],{"class":66},[60,93739,258],{"class":74},[60,93741,2494],{"class":357},[60,93743,93744,93746,93748],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93745,93721],{"class":66},[60,93747,258],{"class":74},[60,93749,23550],{"class":357},[60,93751,93752,93754,93756],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,93753,93721],{"class":66},[60,93755,258],{"class":74},[60,93757,34727],{"class":357},[20,93759,93760],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93762,93763,93764,93766,93767,62175,93769,117],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93765,35635],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93768,36482],{},[30,93770,36489,93772,36492],{"href":93771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93773,35635],{},[46,93775,1220,93777],{"id":93776},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93778,92968],{},[20,93780,243,93781,1227],{},[15,93782,92968],{},[260,93784,93785,93788,93791,93794],{},[263,93786,93787],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[263,93789,93790],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[263,93792,93793],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[263,93795,93796],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93798,2127],{},[51,93800,93802],{"className":53,"code":93801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93803,93804,93822,93836,93840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93805,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93807,350],{"class":66},[60,93809,71],{"class":70},[60,93811,22446],{"class":1683},[60,93813,124],{"class":74},[60,93815,59885],{"class":139},[60,93817,124],{"class":74},[60,93819,2056],{"class":357},[60,93821,1691],{"class":74},[60,93823,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93825,380],{"class":66},[60,93827,117],{"class":74},[60,93829,13444],{"class":120},[60,93831,124],{"class":74},[60,93833,2056],{"class":357},[60,93835,133],{"class":74},[60,93837,93838],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93839,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,93841,93842,93844,93846,93848],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93843,140],{"class":139},[60,93845,124],{"class":74},[60,93847,380],{"class":120},[60,93849,133],{"class":74},[20,93851,404],{},[51,93853,93855],{"className":53,"code":93854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93856,93857],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93858,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881,93883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93860,3812],{"class":74},[60,93862,2039],{"class":357},[60,93864,88],{"class":74},[60,93866,5408],{"class":357},[60,93868,88],{"class":74},[60,93870,363],{"class":357},[60,93872,88],{"class":74},[60,93874,368],{"class":357},[60,93876,88],{"class":74},[60,93878,373],{"class":357},[60,93880,88],{"class":74},[60,93882,4516],{"class":357},[60,93884,1525],{"class":74},[20,93886,5972,93887,93889],{},[15,93888,380],{}," is a list.",[46,93891,15488],{"id":15487},[20,93893,93894,93896,93897,117],{},[15,93895,36083],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[41,93898,37481],{},[20,93900,2026],{},[260,93902,93903,93905,93910,93915,93918],{},[263,93904,21874],{},[263,93906,93907,93908],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93909,42245],{},[263,93911,93912,93913],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93914,1703],{},[263,93916,93917],{},"You can index it",[263,93919,93920,93921,93923],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93922,52539],{}," do not work on it",[20,93925,2127],{},[51,93927,93929],{"className":53,"code":93928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93930,93931,93945,93949,93963,93977],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93932,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93934,93107],{"class":66},[60,93936,71],{"class":70},[60,93938,53956],{"class":139},[60,93940,124],{"class":74},[60,93942,2056],{"class":357},[60,93944,133],{"class":74},[60,93946,93947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93948,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,93950,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,93952,140],{"class":139},[60,93954,124],{"class":74},[60,93956,60392],{"class":120},[60,93958,3812],{"class":74},[60,93960,1303],{"class":357},[60,93962,1646],{"class":74},[60,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,93966,140],{"class":139},[60,93968,124],{"class":74},[60,93970,11064],{"class":139},[60,93972,124],{"class":74},[60,93974,60392],{"class":120},[60,93976,1691],{"class":74},[60,93978,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93989],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,93980,140],{"class":139},[60,93982,124],{"class":74},[60,93984,389],{"class":357},[60,93986,1163],{"class":1153},[60,93988,93478],{"class":120},[60,93990,133],{"class":74},[20,93992,404],{},[51,93994,93996],{"className":53,"code":93995,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93997,93998,94002,94006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93999,94000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94001,16947],{"class":357},[60,94003,94004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94005,2862],{"class":357},[60,94007,94008],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94009,3892],{"class":734},[20,94011,94012],{},"Now compare that with this:",[51,94014,94016],{"className":53,"code":94015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94017,94018,94032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94019,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94021,93107],{"class":66},[60,94023,71],{"class":70},[60,94025,53956],{"class":139},[60,94027,124],{"class":74},[60,94029,2056],{"class":357},[60,94031,133],{"class":74},[60,94033,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94035,60392],{"class":66},[60,94037,117],{"class":74},[60,94039,13444],{"class":120},[60,94041,124],{"class":74},[60,94043,2056],{"class":357},[60,94045,133],{"class":74},[20,94047,404],{},[51,94049,94051],{"className":53,"code":94050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94052,94053],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94054,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94070,94072,94074],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94056,25557],{"class":1683},[60,94058,258],{"class":74},[60,94060,214],{"class":78},[60,94062,59885],{"class":82},[60,94064,205],{"class":78},[60,94066,24504],{"class":1683},[60,94068,94069],{"class":66}," has no attribute ",[60,94071,205],{"class":78},[60,94073,13444],{"class":82},[60,94075,29585],{"class":78},[20,94077,94078,94079,36,94081,2112,94083,94085],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94080,52539],{},[15,94082,447],{},[15,94084,64199],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94087,94088,94089,117],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[30,94090,25565,94091],{"href":35305},[15,94092,34140],{},[46,94094,94096],{"id":94095},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94098,94099],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[51,94101,94102],{"className":53,"code":92578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94103,94104],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94105,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94107,140],{"class":139},[60,94109,124],{"class":74},[60,94111,59885],{"class":139},[60,94113,124],{"class":74},[60,94115,2056],{"class":357},[60,94117,1691],{"class":74},[20,94119,94120],{},"to show:",[51,94122,94123],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94124,94125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94126,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94128,3812],{"class":74},[60,94130,2039],{"class":357},[60,94132,88],{"class":74},[60,94134,5408],{"class":357},[60,94136,88],{"class":74},[60,94138,363],{"class":357},[60,94140,88],{"class":74},[60,94142,368],{"class":357},[60,94144,88],{"class":74},[60,94146,373],{"class":357},[60,94148,1525],{"class":74},[20,94150,94151],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[51,94153,94154],{"className":53,"code":92599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94155,94156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94157,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94159,59885],{"class":139},[60,94161,124],{"class":74},[60,94163,2039],{"class":357},[60,94165,88],{"class":74},[60,94167,4516],{"class":357},[60,94169,133],{"class":74},[20,94171,4539,94172,94174],{},[41,94173,43],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94176,94177,94178,94180],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[41,94179,92986],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94182,94183],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[51,94185,94186],{"className":53,"code":90935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94187,94188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94189,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94191,140],{"class":139},[60,94193,124],{"class":74},[60,94195,8006],{"class":1683},[60,94197,124],{"class":74},[60,94199,59885],{"class":139},[60,94201,124],{"class":74},[60,94203,2056],{"class":357},[60,94205,2827],{"class":74},[20,94207,404],{},[51,94209,94210],{"className":53,"code":59908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94211,94212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94213,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94215,3812],{"class":74},[60,94217,2039],{"class":357},[60,94219,88],{"class":74},[60,94221,5408],{"class":357},[60,94223,88],{"class":74},[60,94225,363],{"class":357},[60,94227,88],{"class":74},[60,94229,368],{"class":357},[60,94231,88],{"class":74},[60,94233,373],{"class":357},[60,94235,1525],{"class":74},[46,94237,1245],{"id":1244},[20,94239,94240],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[260,94242,94243,94249,94252,94258],{},[263,94244,8331,94245,94248],{},[15,94246,94247],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[263,94250,94251],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[263,94253,94254,94255,94257],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94256,36083],{}," is iterable but not a list",[263,94259,8331,94260,94262,94263,94265],{},[15,94261,92968],{}," when plain ",[15,94264,36083],{}," would be simpler",[20,94267,94268],{},"These quick checks can help:",[51,94270,94272],{"className":53,"code":94271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94273,94274,94288,94306,94324,94346,94364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94275,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94277,140],{"class":139},[60,94279,124],{"class":74},[60,94281,59885],{"class":139},[60,94283,124],{"class":74},[60,94285,2056],{"class":357},[60,94287,1691],{"class":74},[60,94289,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300,94302,94304],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94291,140],{"class":139},[60,94293,124],{"class":74},[60,94295,8006],{"class":1683},[60,94297,124],{"class":74},[60,94299,59885],{"class":139},[60,94301,124],{"class":74},[60,94303,2056],{"class":357},[60,94305,2827],{"class":74},[60,94307,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94309,140],{"class":139},[60,94311,124],{"class":74},[60,94313,1684],{"class":1683},[60,94315,124],{"class":74},[60,94317,59885],{"class":139},[60,94319,124],{"class":74},[60,94321,2056],{"class":357},[60,94323,2827],{"class":74},[60,94325,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,94327,140],{"class":139},[60,94329,124],{"class":74},[60,94331,1684],{"class":1683},[60,94333,124],{"class":74},[60,94335,8006],{"class":1683},[60,94337,124],{"class":74},[60,94339,59885],{"class":139},[60,94341,124],{"class":74},[60,94343,2056],{"class":357},[60,94345,93255],{"class":74},[60,94347,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356,94358,94360,94362],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,94349,140],{"class":139},[60,94351,124],{"class":74},[60,94353,389],{"class":357},[60,94355,1163],{"class":1153},[60,94357,53956],{"class":139},[60,94359,124],{"class":74},[60,94361,2056],{"class":357},[60,94363,1691],{"class":74},[60,94365,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,94367,140],{"class":139},[60,94369,124],{"class":74},[60,94371,11064],{"class":139},[60,94373,124],{"class":74},[60,94375,59885],{"class":139},[60,94377,124],{"class":74},[60,94379,2056],{"class":357},[60,94381,2827],{"class":74},[20,94383,404],{},[51,94385,94387],{"className":53,"code":94386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94388,94389,94403,94427,94441,94455,94459],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94390,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94392,59885],{"class":139},[60,94394,124],{"class":74},[60,94396,2039],{"class":357},[60,94398,88],{"class":74},[60,94400,4516],{"class":357},[60,94402,133],{"class":74},[60,94404,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94406,3812],{"class":74},[60,94408,2039],{"class":357},[60,94410,88],{"class":74},[60,94412,5408],{"class":357},[60,94414,88],{"class":74},[60,94416,363],{"class":357},[60,94418,88],{"class":74},[60,94420,368],{"class":357},[60,94422,88],{"class":74},[60,94424,373],{"class":357},[60,94426,1525],{"class":74},[60,94428,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94430,3205],{"class":70},[60,94432,3208],{"class":1984},[60,94434,214],{"class":78},[60,94436,59885],{"class":82},[60,94438,205],{"class":78},[60,94440,3217],{"class":70},[60,94442,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,94444,3205],{"class":70},[60,94446,3208],{"class":1984},[60,94448,214],{"class":78},[60,94450,8006],{"class":82},[60,94452,205],{"class":78},[60,94454,3217],{"class":70},[60,94456,94457],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,94458,3892],{"class":734},[60,94460,94461],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,94462,2862],{"class":357},[46,94464,1746],{"id":1745},[337,94466,14794,94468,94470],{"id":94467},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94469,36083],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94472,1801,94473,94475],{},[15,94474,36083],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[337,94477,94479,94480,10994,94482,1779],{"id":94478},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94481,36083],{},[15,94483,92968],{},[20,94485,94486,94488,94489,94491],{},[15,94487,36083],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94490,92968],{}," creates a full list.",[337,94493,94495],{"id":94494},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94497,94498],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94500,2127],{},[51,94502,94504],{"className":53,"code":94503,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94505,94506,94520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94507,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94509,93107],{"class":66},[60,94511,71],{"class":70},[60,94513,53956],{"class":139},[60,94515,124],{"class":74},[60,94517,2056],{"class":357},[60,94519,133],{"class":74},[60,94521,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94523,140],{"class":139},[60,94525,124],{"class":74},[60,94527,60392],{"class":120},[60,94529,3812],{"class":74},[60,94531,358],{"class":357},[60,94533,1646],{"class":74},[20,94535,404],{},[51,94537,94538],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,94539,94540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94541,94542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94543,46801],{"class":357},[337,94545,5067,94547,94549],{"id":94546},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94548,94247],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94551,94552,94553,94556],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94554,94555],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[337,94558,94560,94561,94563],{"id":94559},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94562,36083],{}," to a list?",[20,94565,94566],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[46,94568,1808],{"id":1807},[260,94570,94571,94577,94583,94590,94596],{},[263,94572,94573],{},[30,94574,3491,94575,3424],{"href":92952},[15,94576,36083],{},[263,94578,94579],{},[30,94580,3491,94581,3424],{"href":64735},[15,94582,24667],{},[263,94584,94585],{},[30,94586,3491,94587,94589],{"href":93405},[15,94588,5869],{}," loops explained",[263,94591,94592],{},[30,94593,37402,94594,36492],{"href":93771},[15,94595,35635],{},[263,94597,94598],{},[30,94599,26008,94600],{"href":35305},[15,94601,34140],{},[1841,94603,94604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":94606},[94607,94608,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94618,94619,94620,94631],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":93071,"depth":111,"text":93072},{"id":93303,"depth":111,"text":94610},"What range() gives you",{"id":93516,"depth":111,"text":94612},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93641,"depth":111,"text":94614},"When to use range()",{"id":93776,"depth":111,"text":94616},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15487,"depth":111,"text":15488},{"id":94095,"depth":111,"text":94096},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":94621},[94622,94624,94626,94627,94629],{"id":94467,"depth":136,"text":94623},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94478,"depth":136,"text":94625},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94494,"depth":136,"text":94495},{"id":94546,"depth":136,"text":94628},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94559,"depth":136,"text":94630},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92958,"description":94632},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94639,"title":94640,"body":94641,"description":96077,"extension":1883,"meta":96078,"navigation":152,"path":96079,"seo":96080,"stem":96081,"__hash__":96082},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94642,"toc":96043},[94643,94649,94654,94657,94671,94674,94676,94715,94717,94730,94738,94743,94759,94762,94764,94766,94787,94804,94807,94866,94868,94887,94892,94898,94901,94935,94937,94950,94953,94998,95000,95023,95030,95036,95039,95080,95082,95096,95099,95157,95159,95174,95187,95193,95199,95264,95266,95285,95287,95305,95308,95312,95318,95320,95353,95355,95368,95378,95381,95442,95444,95465,95468,95470,95486,95491,95495,95500,95505,95561,95563,95581,95584,95629,95631,95639,95644,95648,95662,95664,95696,95698,95707,95709,95713,95722,95725,95757,95759,95771,95774,95778,95783,95824,95826,95834,95837,95860,95864,95866,95875,95878,95931,95933,95942,95946,95951,95962,95964,95973,95976,95982,95985,95991,96001,96009,96016,96018,96040],[10,94644,3491,94646,3495],{"id":94645},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94647,94648],{},"round()",[20,94650,9032,94651,94653],{},[15,94652,94648],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94655,94656],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[260,94658,94659,94665],{},[263,94660,94661,94664],{},[15,94662,94663],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[263,94666,94667,94670],{},[15,94668,94669],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94672,94673],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[46,94675,49],{"id":48},[51,94677,94679],{"className":53,"code":94678,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94680,94681,94697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94682,94683,94685,94687,94690,94692,94695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94684,140],{"class":139},[60,94686,124],{"class":74},[60,94688,94689],{"class":139},"round",[60,94691,124],{"class":74},[60,94693,94694],{"class":357},"3.14159",[60,94696,1691],{"class":74},[60,94698,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94700,140],{"class":139},[60,94702,124],{"class":74},[60,94704,94689],{"class":139},[60,94706,124],{"class":74},[60,94708,94694],{"class":357},[60,94710,88],{"class":74},[60,94712,363],{"class":357},[60,94714,1691],{"class":74},[20,94716,404],{},[51,94718,94720],{"className":53,"code":94719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94721,94722,94726],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94723,94724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94725,46501],{"class":357},[60,94727,94728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94729,40062],{"class":357},[20,94731,243,94732,94734,94735,94737],{},[15,94733,94663],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94736,94669],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[46,94739,250,94741,253],{"id":94740},"what-round-does",[15,94742,94648],{},[260,94744,94745,94750,94753,94756],{},[263,94746,94747,94749],{},[15,94748,94648],{}," is a built-in Python function",[263,94751,94752],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[263,94754,94755],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[263,94757,94758],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94760,94761],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[46,94763,296],{"id":295},[20,94765,2079],{},[51,94767,94769],{"className":53,"code":94768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94770,94771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94772,94773,94775,94777,94779,94782,94785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94774,94689],{"class":139},[60,94776,124],{"class":74},[60,94778,2159],{"class":120},[60,94780,94781],{"class":74},"[,",[60,94783,94784],{"class":120}," ndigits",[60,94786,1646],{"class":74},[260,94788,94789,94794,94799],{},[263,94790,94791,94793],{},[15,94792,2159],{}," is the value to round",[263,94795,94796,19928],{},[15,94797,94798],{},"ndigits",[263,94800,94801,94803],{},[15,94802,94798],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94805,94806],{},"Basic examples:",[51,94808,94810],{"className":53,"code":94809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94811,94812,94827,94845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94813,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822,94825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94815,140],{"class":139},[60,94817,124],{"class":74},[60,94819,94689],{"class":139},[60,94821,124],{"class":74},[60,94823,94824],{"class":357},"7.8",[60,94826,1691],{"class":74},[60,94828,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94830,140],{"class":139},[60,94832,124],{"class":74},[60,94834,94689],{"class":139},[60,94836,124],{"class":74},[60,94838,94824],{"class":357},[60,94840,88],{"class":74},[60,94842,5408],{"class":357},[60,94844,1691],{"class":74},[60,94846,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94858,94860,94862,94864],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94848,140],{"class":139},[60,94850,124],{"class":74},[60,94852,94689],{"class":139},[60,94854,124],{"class":74},[60,94856,94857],{"class":357},"1234",[60,94859,88],{"class":74},[60,94861,2142],{"class":70},[60,94863,1303],{"class":357},[60,94865,1691],{"class":74},[20,94867,404],{},[51,94869,94871],{"className":53,"code":94870,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94872,94873,94877,94882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94874,94875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94876,2301],{"class":357},[60,94878,94879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94880,94881],{"class":357},"7.8\n",[60,94883,94884],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94885,94886],{"class":357},"1200\n",[20,94888,94889,94890,117],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[30,94891,2339],{"href":2338},[46,94893,8331,94895,94897],{"id":94894},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94896,94648],{}," with one argument",[20,94899,94900],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[51,94902,94904],{"className":53,"code":94903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94905,94906,94920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94909,140],{"class":139},[60,94911,124],{"class":74},[60,94913,94689],{"class":139},[60,94915,124],{"class":74},[60,94917,2282],{"class":357},[60,94919,1691],{"class":74},[60,94921,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94933],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94923,140],{"class":139},[60,94925,124],{"class":74},[60,94927,94689],{"class":139},[60,94929,124],{"class":74},[60,94931,94932],{"class":357},"4.8",[60,94934,1691],{"class":74},[20,94936,404],{},[51,94938,94940],{"className":53,"code":94939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n5\n",[15,94941,94942,94946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94943,94944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94945,48535],{"class":357},[60,94947,94948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94949,2862],{"class":357},[20,94951,94952],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[51,94954,94956],{"className":53,"code":94955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94957,94958,94974,94984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94959,94960,94962,94964,94967,94969,94972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94961,688],{"class":66},[60,94963,71],{"class":70},[60,94965,94966],{"class":139}," round",[60,94968,124],{"class":74},[60,94970,94971],{"class":357},"10.2",[60,94973,133],{"class":74},[60,94975,94976,94978,94980,94982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94977,140],{"class":139},[60,94979,124],{"class":74},[60,94981,720],{"class":120},[60,94983,133],{"class":74},[60,94985,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,94987,140],{"class":139},[60,94989,124],{"class":74},[60,94991,1684],{"class":1683},[60,94993,124],{"class":74},[60,94995,720],{"class":120},[60,94997,1691],{"class":74},[20,94999,404],{},[51,95001,95003],{"className":53,"code":95002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95004,95005,95009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95006,95007],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95008,2296],{"class":357},[60,95010,95011,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95012,3205],{"class":70},[60,95014,3208],{"class":1984},[60,95016,214],{"class":78},[60,95018,2108],{"class":82},[60,95020,205],{"class":78},[60,95022,3217],{"class":70},[20,95024,95025,95026,117],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[30,95027,3491,95028,3424],{"href":2790},[15,95029,2793],{},[46,95031,8331,95033,95035],{"id":95032},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95034,94648],{}," with decimal places",[20,95037,95038],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[51,95040,95042],{"className":53,"code":95041,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95043,95044,95062],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95045,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95047,140],{"class":139},[60,95049,124],{"class":74},[60,95051,94689],{"class":139},[60,95053,124],{"class":74},[60,95055,94694],{"class":357},[60,95057,88],{"class":74},[60,95059,363],{"class":357},[60,95061,1691],{"class":74},[60,95063,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95065,140],{"class":139},[60,95067,124],{"class":74},[60,95069,94689],{"class":139},[60,95071,124],{"class":74},[60,95073,94694],{"class":357},[60,95075,88],{"class":74},[60,95077,368],{"class":357},[60,95079,1691],{"class":74},[20,95081,404],{},[51,95083,95085],{"className":53,"code":95084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95086,95087,95091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95088,95089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95090,40062],{"class":357},[60,95092,95093],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95094,95095],{"class":357},"3.142\n",[20,95097,95098],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[51,95100,95102],{"className":53,"code":95101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95103,95104,95113,95132,95136,95146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95105,95106,95108,95110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95107,40271],{"class":66},[60,95109,71],{"class":70},[60,95111,95112],{"class":357}," 19.9876\n",[60,95114,95115,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95116,95117],{"class":66},"rounded_price ",[60,95119,71],{"class":70},[60,95121,94966],{"class":139},[60,95123,124],{"class":74},[60,95125,25036],{"class":120},[60,95127,88],{"class":74},[60,95129,363],{"class":357},[60,95131,133],{"class":74},[60,95133,95134],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95135,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,95137,95138,95140,95142,95144],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95139,140],{"class":139},[60,95141,124],{"class":74},[60,95143,25036],{"class":120},[60,95145,133],{"class":74},[60,95147,95148,95150,95152,95155],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,95149,140],{"class":139},[60,95151,124],{"class":74},[60,95153,95154],{"class":120},"rounded_price",[60,95156,133],{"class":74},[20,95158,404],{},[51,95160,95162],{"className":53,"code":95161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95163,95164,95169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95165,95166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95167,95168],{"class":357},"19.9876\n",[60,95170,95171],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95172,95173],{"class":357},"19.99\n",[20,95175,95176,95177,95180,95181,288,95183,117],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95178,95179],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[30,95182,40776],{"href":40775},[30,95184,3491,95185,3424],{"href":2796},[15,95186,2799],{},[46,95188,95190,95191],{"id":95189},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95192,94798],{},[20,95194,95195,95196,95198],{},"A negative ",[15,95197,94798],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[51,95200,95202],{"className":53,"code":95201,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95203,95204,95224,95244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95205,95206,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95207,140],{"class":139},[60,95209,124],{"class":74},[60,95211,94689],{"class":139},[60,95213,124],{"class":74},[60,95215,94857],{"class":357},[60,95217,88],{"class":74},[60,95219,2142],{"class":70},[60,95221,358],{"class":357},[60,95223,1691],{"class":74},[60,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95227,140],{"class":139},[60,95229,124],{"class":74},[60,95231,94689],{"class":139},[60,95233,124],{"class":74},[60,95235,94857],{"class":357},[60,95237,88],{"class":74},[60,95239,2142],{"class":70},[60,95241,1303],{"class":357},[60,95243,1691],{"class":74},[60,95245,95246,95248,95250,95252,95254,95256,95258,95260,95262],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95247,140],{"class":139},[60,95249,124],{"class":74},[60,95251,94689],{"class":139},[60,95253,124],{"class":74},[60,95255,94857],{"class":357},[60,95257,88],{"class":74},[60,95259,2142],{"class":70},[60,95261,389],{"class":357},[60,95263,1691],{"class":74},[20,95265,404],{},[51,95267,95269],{"className":53,"code":95268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95270,95271,95276,95280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95272,95273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95274,95275],{"class":357},"1230\n",[60,95277,95278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95279,94886],{"class":357},[60,95281,95282],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95283,95284],{"class":357},"1000\n",[20,95286,65472],{},[260,95288,95289,95294,95300],{},[263,95290,95291,95293],{},[15,95292,65742],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[263,95295,95296,95299],{},[15,95297,95298],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[263,95301,95302,95304],{},[15,95303,47555],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95306,95307],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[46,95309,95311],{"id":95310},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95313,95314,95315,117],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95316,95317],{},".5",[20,95319,5382],{},[51,95321,95323],{"className":53,"code":95322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95324,95325,95339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95326,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95328,140],{"class":139},[60,95330,124],{"class":74},[60,95332,94689],{"class":139},[60,95334,124],{"class":74},[60,95336,41043],{"class":357},[60,95338,1691],{"class":74},[60,95340,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349,95351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95342,140],{"class":139},[60,95344,124],{"class":74},[60,95346,94689],{"class":139},[60,95348,124],{"class":74},[60,95350,1960],{"class":357},[60,95352,1691],{"class":74},[20,95354,404],{},[51,95356,95358],{"className":53,"code":95357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n4\n",[15,95359,95360,95364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95361,95362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95363,16947],{"class":357},[60,95365,95366],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95367,48535],{"class":357},[20,95369,95370,95371,95374,95375,95377],{},"Python uses ",[41,95372,95373],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95376,95317],{}," situations.",[20,95379,95380],{},"More examples:",[51,95382,95384],{"className":53,"code":95383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95385,95386,95400,95414,95428],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95387,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95389,140],{"class":139},[60,95391,124],{"class":74},[60,95393,94689],{"class":139},[60,95395,124],{"class":74},[60,95397,41056],{"class":357},[60,95399,1691],{"class":74},[60,95401,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95403,140],{"class":139},[60,95405,124],{"class":74},[60,95407,94689],{"class":139},[60,95409,124],{"class":74},[60,95411,41043],{"class":357},[60,95413,1691],{"class":74},[60,95415,95416,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95417,140],{"class":139},[60,95419,124],{"class":74},[60,95421,94689],{"class":139},[60,95423,124],{"class":74},[60,95425,1960],{"class":357},[60,95427,1691],{"class":74},[60,95429,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95431,140],{"class":139},[60,95433,124],{"class":74},[60,95435,94689],{"class":139},[60,95437,124],{"class":74},[60,95439,41008],{"class":357},[60,95441,1691],{"class":74},[20,95443,404],{},[51,95445,95447],{"className":53,"code":95446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95448,95449,95453,95457,95461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95450,95451],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95452,16947],{"class":357},[60,95454,95455],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95456,16947],{"class":357},[60,95458,95459],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95460,48535],{"class":357},[60,95462,95463],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95464,48535],{"class":357},[20,95466,95467],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95469,10617],{},[260,95471,95472,95479],{},[263,95473,95474,2053,95477],{},[15,95475,95476],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95478,1303],{},[263,95480,95481,2053,95484],{},[15,95482,95483],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95485,2421],{},[20,95487,3084,95488,95490],{},[15,95489,95317],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[46,95492,95494],{"id":95493},"return-values","Return values",[20,95496,95497,95499],{},[15,95498,94648],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95501,40790,95502,95504],{},[41,95503,43],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[51,95506,95508],{"className":53,"code":95507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95509,95510,95519,95523,95533,95551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95511,95512,95514,95516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95513,1700],{"class":66},[60,95515,71],{"class":70},[60,95517,95518],{"class":357}," 3.14159\n",[60,95520,95521],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95522,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,95524,95525,95527,95529,95531],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95526,140],{"class":139},[60,95528,124],{"class":74},[60,95530,315],{"class":120},[60,95532,133],{"class":74},[60,95534,95535,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95536,140],{"class":139},[60,95538,124],{"class":74},[60,95540,94689],{"class":139},[60,95542,124],{"class":74},[60,95544,315],{"class":120},[60,95546,88],{"class":74},[60,95548,363],{"class":357},[60,95550,1691],{"class":74},[60,95552,95553,95555,95557,95559],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,95554,140],{"class":139},[60,95556,124],{"class":74},[60,95558,315],{"class":120},[60,95560,133],{"class":74},[20,95562,404],{},[51,95564,95566],{"className":53,"code":95565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95567,95568,95573,95577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95569,95570],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95571,95572],{"class":357},"3.14159\n",[60,95574,95575],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95576,40062],{"class":357},[60,95578,95579],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95580,95572],{"class":357},[20,95582,95583],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[51,95585,95587],{"className":53,"code":95586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95588,95589,95597,95615,95619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95590,95591,95593,95595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95592,1700],{"class":66},[60,95594,71],{"class":70},[60,95596,95518],{"class":357},[60,95598,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95600,1700],{"class":66},[60,95602,71],{"class":70},[60,95604,94966],{"class":139},[60,95606,124],{"class":74},[60,95608,315],{"class":120},[60,95610,88],{"class":74},[60,95612,363],{"class":357},[60,95614,133],{"class":74},[60,95616,95617],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95618,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,95620,95621,95623,95625,95627],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95622,140],{"class":139},[60,95624,124],{"class":74},[60,95626,315],{"class":120},[60,95628,133],{"class":74},[20,95630,404],{},[51,95632,95633],{"className":53,"code":40062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95634,95635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95636,95637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95638,40062],{"class":357},[46,95640,1220,95642],{"id":95641},"when-to-use-round",[15,95643,94648],{},[20,95645,243,95646,6229],{},[15,95647,94648],{},[260,95649,95650,95653,95656,95659],{},[263,95651,95652],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[263,95654,95655],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[263,95657,95658],{},"Round values before reporting results",[263,95660,95661],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95663,5382],{},[51,95665,95667],{"className":53,"code":95666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95668,95669,95678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95670,95671,95673,95675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95672,2513],{"class":66},[60,95674,71],{"class":70},[60,95676,95677],{"class":357}," 12.67891\n",[60,95679,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95681,140],{"class":139},[60,95683,124],{"class":74},[60,95685,94689],{"class":139},[60,95687,124],{"class":74},[60,95689,2536],{"class":120},[60,95691,88],{"class":74},[60,95693,363],{"class":357},[60,95695,1691],{"class":74},[20,95697,404],{},[51,95699,95701],{"className":53,"code":95700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"12.68\n",[15,95702,95703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95704,95705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95706,95700],{"class":357},[46,95708,1245],{"id":1244},[20,95710,22981,95711,117],{},[15,95712,94648],{},[337,95714,1254,95716,95718,95719,95721],{"id":95715},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95717,94648],{}," to always round ",[15,95720,95317],{}," upward",[20,95723,95724],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[51,95726,95727],{"className":53,"code":95322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95728,95729,95743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95730,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95732,140],{"class":139},[60,95734,124],{"class":74},[60,95736,94689],{"class":139},[60,95738,124],{"class":74},[60,95740,41043],{"class":357},[60,95742,1691],{"class":74},[60,95744,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95746,140],{"class":139},[60,95748,124],{"class":74},[60,95750,94689],{"class":139},[60,95752,124],{"class":74},[60,95754,1960],{"class":357},[60,95756,1691],{"class":74},[20,95758,404],{},[51,95760,95761],{"className":53,"code":95357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95762,95763,95767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95764,95765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95766,16947],{"class":357},[60,95768,95769],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95770,48535],{"class":357},[20,95772,95773],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[337,95775,95777],{"id":95776},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95779,95780,95782],{},[15,95781,94648],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[51,95784,95786],{"className":53,"code":95785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95787,95788,95796,95810,95814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95789,95790,95792,95794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95791,1700],{"class":66},[60,95793,71],{"class":70},[60,95795,95518],{"class":357},[60,95797,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95799,94689],{"class":139},[60,95801,124],{"class":74},[60,95803,315],{"class":120},[60,95805,88],{"class":74},[60,95807,363],{"class":357},[60,95809,133],{"class":74},[60,95811,95812],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95813,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,95815,95816,95818,95820,95822],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95817,140],{"class":139},[60,95819,124],{"class":74},[60,95821,315],{"class":120},[60,95823,133],{"class":74},[20,95825,404],{},[51,95827,95828],{"className":53,"code":95572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95829,95830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95831,95832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95833,95572],{"class":357},[20,95835,95836],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[51,95838,95840],{"className":53,"code":95839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95841,95842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95843,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95845,1700],{"class":66},[60,95847,71],{"class":70},[60,95849,94966],{"class":139},[60,95851,124],{"class":74},[60,95853,315],{"class":120},[60,95855,88],{"class":74},[60,95857,363],{"class":357},[60,95859,133],{"class":74},[337,95861,95863],{"id":95862},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95865,16292],{},[51,95867,95869],{"className":53,"code":95868,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95870,95871],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95872,95873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95874,95868],{"class":177},[20,95876,95877],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[51,95879,95881],{"className":53,"code":95880,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95882,95883,95895,95909,95913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95884,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95886,34573],{"class":66},[60,95888,71],{"class":70},[60,95890,91],{"class":78},[60,95892,40028],{"class":82},[60,95894,3273],{"class":78},[60,95896,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95898,2137],{"class":66},[60,95900,71],{"class":70},[60,95902,40140],{"class":1683},[60,95904,124],{"class":74},[60,95906,34594],{"class":120},[60,95908,133],{"class":74},[60,95910,95911],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,95912,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,95914,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927,95929],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,95916,140],{"class":139},[60,95918,124],{"class":74},[60,95920,94689],{"class":139},[60,95922,124],{"class":74},[60,95924,2159],{"class":120},[60,95926,88],{"class":74},[60,95928,5408],{"class":357},[60,95930,1691],{"class":74},[20,95932,404],{},[51,95934,95936],{"className":53,"code":95935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.1\n",[15,95937,95938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95939,95940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95941,95935],{"class":357},[337,95943,95945],{"id":95944},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95947,95948,95950],{},[15,95949,94648],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95952,95953,95954,288,95958,117],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[30,95955,95956],{"href":2796},[15,95957,2799],{},[30,95959,95960],{"href":2790},[15,95961,2793],{},[46,95963,1746],{"id":1745},[337,95965,12599,95967,95969,95970,95972],{"id":95966},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95968,94648],{}," always round ",[15,95971,40099],{}," up?",[20,95974,95975],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[337,95977,12599,95979,95981],{"id":95978},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95980,94648],{}," change the original number?",[20,95983,95984],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[337,95986,5079,95988,95990],{"id":95987},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95989,94648],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95992,95993,95994,95996,95997,288,95999,117],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95995,94798],{}," value like ",[15,95998,65742],{},[15,96000,95298],{},[337,96002,1795,96004,96006,96007,1779],{"id":96003},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96005,94648],{}," on a string like ",[15,96008,47979],{},[20,96010,96011,96012,288,96014,117],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96013,2799],{},[15,96015,2793],{},[46,96017,1808],{"id":1807},[260,96019,96020,96026,96032,96036],{},[263,96021,96022],{},[30,96023,3491,96024,3424],{"href":2796},[15,96025,2799],{},[263,96027,96028],{},[30,96029,3491,96030,3424],{"href":2790},[15,96031,2793],{},[263,96033,96034],{},[30,96035,2339],{"href":2338},[263,96037,96038],{},[30,96039,42065],{"href":40775},[1841,96041,96042],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":96044},[96045,96046,96048,96049,96051,96053,96055,96056,96057,96059,96066,96076],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":94740,"depth":111,"text":96047},"What round() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":94894,"depth":111,"text":96050},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95032,"depth":111,"text":96052},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95189,"depth":111,"text":96054},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95310,"depth":111,"text":95311},{"id":95493,"depth":111,"text":95494},{"id":95641,"depth":111,"text":96058},"When to use round()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":96060},[96061,96063,96064,96065],{"id":95715,"depth":136,"text":96062},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95776,"depth":136,"text":95777},{"id":95862,"depth":136,"text":95863},{"id":95944,"depth":136,"text":95945},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":96067},[96068,96070,96072,96074],{"id":95966,"depth":136,"text":96069},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95978,"depth":136,"text":96071},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95987,"depth":136,"text":96073},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96003,"depth":136,"text":96075},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94640,"description":96077},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96084,"title":96085,"body":96086,"description":97266,"extension":1883,"meta":97267,"navigation":152,"path":97268,"seo":97269,"stem":97270,"__hash__":97271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96087,"toc":97240},[96088,96094,96100,96103,96105,96154,96158,96183,96188,96193,96198,96211,96221,96223,96242,96244,96260,96263,96274,96276,96278,96339,96343,96376,96383,96390,96393,96426,96429,96433,96436,96489,96493,96514,96520,96527,96534,96595,96603,96680,96684,96696,96704,96706,96712,96718,96722,96775,96778,96835,96839,96847,96850,96854,96857,96867,96869,96966,96969,96980,96983,97026,97030,97054,97057,97063,97065,97069,97094,97096,97163,97172,97174,97180,97185,97189,97192,97196,97203,97207,97212,97214,97231,97237],[10,96089,13,96091,18],{"id":96090},"python-set-add-method",[15,96092,96093],{},"add()",[20,96095,96096,96099],{},[15,96097,96098],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96101,96102],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,96104,49],{"id":48},[51,96106,96108],{"className":53,"code":96107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96109,96110,96130,96144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96111,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96113,350],{"class":66},[60,96115,71],{"class":70},[60,96117,75],{"class":74},[60,96119,358],{"class":357},[60,96121,88],{"class":74},[60,96123,363],{"class":357},[60,96125,88],{"class":74},[60,96127,368],{"class":357},[60,96129,108],{"class":74},[60,96131,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96133,380],{"class":66},[60,96135,117],{"class":74},[60,96137,81994],{"class":120},[60,96139,124],{"class":74},[60,96141,2421],{"class":357},[60,96143,133],{"class":74},[60,96145,96146,96148,96150,96152],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96147,140],{"class":139},[60,96149,124],{"class":74},[60,96151,380],{"class":120},[60,96153,133],{"class":74},[20,96155,96156],{},[41,96157,404],{},[51,96159,96161],{"className":53,"code":96160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96162,96163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96164,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96166,202],{"class":74},[60,96168,358],{"class":357},[60,96170,88],{"class":74},[60,96172,363],{"class":357},[60,96174,88],{"class":74},[60,96176,368],{"class":357},[60,96178,88],{"class":74},[60,96180,373],{"class":357},[60,96182,108],{"class":74},[20,96184,243,96185,96187],{},[15,96186,96093],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,96189,250,96191,253],{"id":96190},"what-setadd-does",[15,96192,96098],{},[20,96194,96195,96197],{},[15,96196,96098],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[260,96199,96200,96203,96205,96208],{},[263,96201,96202],{},"Adds one item to a set",[263,96204,271],{},[263,96206,96207],{},"Does not return a new set",[263,96209,96210],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96212,283,96213,288,96217,117],{},[30,96214,96216],{"href":96215},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[30,96218,96220],{"href":96219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[46,96222,296],{"id":295},[51,96224,96226],{"className":53,"code":96225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96227,96228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96229,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96231,306],{"class":66},[60,96233,117],{"class":74},[60,96235,81994],{"class":120},[60,96237,124],{"class":74},[60,96239,23197],{"class":120},[60,96241,133],{"class":74},[20,96243,11358],{},[260,96245,96246,96251,96254],{},[263,96247,55794,96248,96250],{},[15,96249,96093],{}," on an existing set",[263,96252,96253],{},"Pass exactly one item",[263,96255,96256,96257],{},"The item must be ",[41,96258,96259],{},"hashable",[20,96261,96262],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[260,96264,96265,96267,96269,96272],{},[263,96266,56347],{},[263,96268,56350],{},[263,96270,96271],{},"Tuples",[263,96273,40479],{},[46,96275,839],{"id":838},[20,96277,11376],{},[51,96279,96281],{"className":53,"code":96280,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96282,96283,96307,96325,96329],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96284,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96286,67],{"class":66},[60,96288,71],{"class":70},[60,96290,75],{"class":74},[60,96292,79],{"class":78},[60,96294,83],{"class":82},[60,96296,79],{"class":78},[60,96298,88],{"class":74},[60,96300,91],{"class":78},[60,96302,94],{"class":82},[60,96304,79],{"class":78},[60,96306,108],{"class":74},[60,96308,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96310,114],{"class":66},[60,96312,117],{"class":74},[60,96314,81994],{"class":120},[60,96316,124],{"class":74},[60,96318,79],{"class":78},[60,96320,103],{"class":82},[60,96322,79],{"class":78},[60,96324,133],{"class":74},[60,96326,96327],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96328,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96330,96331,96333,96335,96337],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96332,140],{"class":139},[60,96334,124],{"class":74},[60,96336,114],{"class":120},[60,96338,133],{"class":74},[20,96340,96341],{},[41,96342,192],{},[51,96344,96346],{"className":53,"code":96345,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96347,96348],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96349,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368,96370,96372,96374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96351,202],{"class":74},[60,96353,205],{"class":78},[60,96355,83],{"class":82},[60,96357,205],{"class":78},[60,96359,88],{"class":74},[60,96361,214],{"class":78},[60,96363,103],{"class":82},[60,96365,205],{"class":78},[60,96367,88],{"class":74},[60,96369,214],{"class":78},[60,96371,94],{"class":82},[60,96373,205],{"class":78},[60,96375,108],{"class":74},[20,96377,96378,96379,96382],{},"The new value ",[15,96380,96381],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96384,96385,96386,96389],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[41,96387,96388],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96391,96392],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[51,96394,96396],{"className":53,"code":96395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96397,96398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96399,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96401,202],{"class":74},[60,96403,205],{"class":78},[60,96405,94],{"class":82},[60,96407,205],{"class":78},[60,96409,88],{"class":74},[60,96411,214],{"class":78},[60,96413,83],{"class":82},[60,96415,205],{"class":78},[60,96417,88],{"class":74},[60,96419,214],{"class":78},[60,96421,103],{"class":82},[60,96423,205],{"class":78},[60,96425,108],{"class":74},[20,96427,96428],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[46,96430,96432],{"id":96431},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96434,96435],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[51,96437,96439],{"className":53,"code":96438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96440,96441,96461,96475,96479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96442,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96444,350],{"class":66},[60,96446,71],{"class":70},[60,96448,75],{"class":74},[60,96450,358],{"class":357},[60,96452,88],{"class":74},[60,96454,363],{"class":357},[60,96456,88],{"class":74},[60,96458,368],{"class":357},[60,96460,108],{"class":74},[60,96462,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96464,380],{"class":66},[60,96466,117],{"class":74},[60,96468,81994],{"class":120},[60,96470,124],{"class":74},[60,96472,1303],{"class":357},[60,96474,133],{"class":74},[60,96476,96477],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96478,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96480,96481,96483,96485,96487],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96482,140],{"class":139},[60,96484,124],{"class":74},[60,96486,380],{"class":120},[60,96488,133],{"class":74},[20,96490,96491],{},[41,96492,404],{},[51,96494,96496],{"className":53,"code":96495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96497,96498],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96499,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96501,202],{"class":74},[60,96503,358],{"class":357},[60,96505,88],{"class":74},[60,96507,363],{"class":357},[60,96509,88],{"class":74},[60,96511,368],{"class":357},[60,96513,108],{"class":74},[20,96515,96516,96517,96519],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96518,1303],{}," was already present.",[46,96521,96523,474,96525],{"id":96522},"add-vs-update",[15,96524,96093],{},[15,96526,14845],{},[20,96528,243,96529,96531,96532,117],{},[15,96530,96093],{}," when you want to add ",[41,96533,52543],{},[51,96535,96537],{"className":53,"code":96536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96538,96539,96563,96581,96585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96540,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96542,1411],{"class":66},[60,96544,71],{"class":70},[60,96546,75],{"class":74},[60,96548,79],{"class":78},[60,96550,30],{"class":82},[60,96552,79],{"class":78},[60,96554,88],{"class":74},[60,96556,91],{"class":78},[60,96558,1428],{"class":82},[60,96560,79],{"class":78},[60,96562,108],{"class":74},[60,96564,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96566,1446],{"class":66},[60,96568,117],{"class":74},[60,96570,81994],{"class":120},[60,96572,124],{"class":74},[60,96574,79],{"class":78},[60,96576,1437],{"class":82},[60,96578,79],{"class":78},[60,96580,133],{"class":74},[60,96582,96583],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96584,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96586,96587,96589,96591,96593],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96588,140],{"class":139},[60,96590,124],{"class":74},[60,96592,1446],{"class":120},[60,96594,133],{"class":74},[20,96596,243,96597,96531,96599,96602],{},[15,96598,14845],{},[41,96600,96601],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[51,96604,96606],{"className":53,"code":96605,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96607,96608,96632,96666,96670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96611,1411],{"class":66},[60,96613,71],{"class":70},[60,96615,75],{"class":74},[60,96617,79],{"class":78},[60,96619,30],{"class":82},[60,96621,79],{"class":78},[60,96623,88],{"class":74},[60,96625,91],{"class":78},[60,96627,1428],{"class":82},[60,96629,79],{"class":78},[60,96631,108],{"class":74},[60,96633,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96635,1446],{"class":66},[60,96637,117],{"class":74},[60,96639,30349],{"class":120},[60,96641,1641],{"class":74},[60,96643,79],{"class":78},[60,96645,1437],{"class":82},[60,96647,79],{"class":78},[60,96649,88],{"class":74},[60,96651,91],{"class":78},[60,96653,18658],{"class":82},[60,96655,79],{"class":78},[60,96657,88],{"class":74},[60,96659,91],{"class":78},[60,96661,60334],{"class":82},[60,96663,79],{"class":78},[60,96665,1646],{"class":74},[60,96667,96668],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96669,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96671,96672,96674,96676,96678],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96673,140],{"class":139},[60,96675,124],{"class":74},[60,96677,1446],{"class":120},[60,96679,133],{"class":74},[337,96681,96683],{"id":96682},"key-difference","Key difference",[260,96685,96686,96691],{},[263,96687,96688,96690],{},[15,96689,96093],{}," adds one item",[263,96692,96693,96695],{},[15,96694,14845],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96697,96698,96699,117],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[30,96700,1815,96702,1818],{"href":96701},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,96703,14845],{},[46,96705,17310],{"id":17309},[20,96707,96708,641,96710,117],{},[15,96709,96098],{},[15,96711,277],{},[20,96713,96714,96715,96717],{},"That means you should ",[41,96716,43],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[337,96719,96721],{"id":96720},"correct","Correct",[51,96723,96725],{"className":53,"code":96724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96726,96727,96747,96761,96765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96728,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96730,15520],{"class":66},[60,96732,71],{"class":70},[60,96734,75],{"class":74},[60,96736,358],{"class":357},[60,96738,88],{"class":74},[60,96740,363],{"class":357},[60,96742,88],{"class":74},[60,96744,368],{"class":357},[60,96746,108],{"class":74},[60,96748,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96750,306],{"class":66},[60,96752,117],{"class":74},[60,96754,81994],{"class":120},[60,96756,124],{"class":74},[60,96758,2421],{"class":357},[60,96760,133],{"class":74},[60,96762,96763],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96764,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96766,96767,96769,96771,96773],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96768,140],{"class":139},[60,96770,124],{"class":74},[60,96772,306],{"class":120},[60,96774,133],{"class":74},[337,96776,96777],{"id":61656},"Wrong",[51,96779,96781],{"className":53,"code":96780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96782,96783,96803,96821,96825],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96784,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96786,15520],{"class":66},[60,96788,71],{"class":70},[60,96790,75],{"class":74},[60,96792,358],{"class":357},[60,96794,88],{"class":74},[60,96796,363],{"class":357},[60,96798,88],{"class":74},[60,96800,368],{"class":357},[60,96802,108],{"class":74},[60,96804,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96806,15520],{"class":66},[60,96808,71],{"class":70},[60,96810,1706],{"class":66},[60,96812,117],{"class":74},[60,96814,81994],{"class":120},[60,96816,124],{"class":74},[60,96818,2421],{"class":357},[60,96820,133],{"class":74},[60,96822,96823],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96824,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96826,96827,96829,96831,96833],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96828,140],{"class":139},[60,96830,124],{"class":74},[60,96832,306],{"class":120},[60,96834,133],{"class":74},[20,96836,96837],{},[41,96838,404],{},[51,96840,96841],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96842,96843],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96844,96845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96846,727],{"class":734},[20,96848,96849],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[46,96851,96853],{"id":96852},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96855,96856],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[260,96858,96859,96861,96863,96865],{},[263,96860,56347],{},[263,96862,56350],{},[263,96864,96271],{},[263,96866,40479],{},[20,96868,2127],{},[51,96870,96872],{"className":53,"code":96871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96873,96874,96884,96888,96902,96920,96938,96952,96956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96875,96876,96878,96880,96882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96877,486],{"class":66},[60,96879,71],{"class":70},[60,96881,15525],{"class":1683},[60,96883,8555],{"class":74},[60,96885,96886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96887,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,96891,517],{"class":66},[60,96893,117],{"class":74},[60,96895,81994],{"class":120},[60,96897,124],{"class":74},[60,96899,2250],{"class":357},[60,96901,133],{"class":74},[60,96903,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,96905,517],{"class":66},[60,96907,117],{"class":74},[60,96909,81994],{"class":120},[60,96911,124],{"class":74},[60,96913,79],{"class":78},[60,96915,3759],{"class":82},[60,96917,79],{"class":78},[60,96919,133],{"class":74},[60,96921,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,96923,517],{"class":66},[60,96925,117],{"class":74},[60,96927,81994],{"class":120},[60,96929,5421],{"class":74},[60,96931,358],{"class":357},[60,96933,88],{"class":74},[60,96935,363],{"class":357},[60,96937,1691],{"class":74},[60,96939,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,96941,517],{"class":66},[60,96943,117],{"class":74},[60,96945,81994],{"class":120},[60,96947,124],{"class":74},[60,96949,3520],{"class":734},[60,96951,133],{"class":74},[60,96953,96954],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,96955,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,96957,96958,96960,96962,96964],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,96959,140],{"class":139},[60,96961,124],{"class":74},[60,96963,517],{"class":120},[60,96965,133],{"class":74},[20,96967,96968],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[260,96970,96971,96974,96977],{},[263,96972,96973],{},"Lists",[263,96975,96976],{},"Dictionaries",[263,96978,96979],{},"Sets",[20,96981,96982],{},"Example that causes an error:",[51,96984,96986],{"className":53,"code":96985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96987,96988,97008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96989,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96991,486],{"class":66},[60,96993,71],{"class":70},[60,96995,75],{"class":74},[60,96997,358],{"class":357},[60,96999,88],{"class":74},[60,97001,363],{"class":357},[60,97003,88],{"class":74},[60,97005,368],{"class":357},[60,97007,108],{"class":74},[60,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97011,517],{"class":66},[60,97013,117],{"class":74},[60,97015,81994],{"class":120},[60,97017,1641],{"class":74},[60,97019,2421],{"class":357},[60,97021,88],{"class":74},[60,97023,4516],{"class":357},[60,97025,1646],{"class":74},[20,97027,97028],{},[41,97029,29566],{},[51,97031,97033],{"className":53,"code":97032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97034,97035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97036,97037,97039,97041,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97038,2919],{"class":1683},[60,97040,258],{"class":74},[60,97042,97043],{"class":66}," unhashable ",[60,97045,1684],{"class":1683},[60,97047,258],{"class":74},[60,97049,214],{"class":78},[60,97051,8006],{"class":82},[60,97053,29585],{"class":78},[20,97055,97056],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97058,97059,97060,117],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97061,97062],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[46,97064,1245],{"id":1244},[20,97066,14624,97067,258],{},[15,97068,96098],{},[260,97070,97071,97076,97081,97084,97091],{},[263,97072,8331,97073,97075],{},[15,97074,96093],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[263,97077,1254,97078,97080],{},[15,97079,96093],{}," to return the updated set",[263,97082,97083],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[263,97085,1391,97086,97088,97089],{},[15,97087,96098],{}," with list ",[15,97090,52539],{},[263,97092,97093],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97095,71394],{},[51,97097,97099],{"className":53,"code":97098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97100,97101,97111,97125,97135,97149],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97102,97103,97105,97107,97109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97104,140],{"class":139},[60,97106,124],{"class":74},[60,97108,306],{"class":120},[60,97110,133],{"class":74},[60,97112,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97114,140],{"class":139},[60,97116,124],{"class":74},[60,97118,1684],{"class":1683},[60,97120,124],{"class":74},[60,97122,306],{"class":120},[60,97124,1691],{"class":74},[60,97126,97127,97129,97131,97133],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97128,140],{"class":139},[60,97130,124],{"class":74},[60,97132,315],{"class":120},[60,97134,133],{"class":74},[60,97136,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97138,140],{"class":139},[60,97140,124],{"class":74},[60,97142,1684],{"class":1683},[60,97144,124],{"class":74},[60,97146,315],{"class":120},[60,97148,1691],{"class":74},[60,97150,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,97152,1713],{"class":139},[60,97154,124],{"class":74},[60,97156,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97158,117],{"class":74},[60,97160,81994],{"class":1723},[60,97162,133],{"class":74},[20,97164,97165,97166,97168,97169,117],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97167,96098],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[30,97170,52935],{"href":97171},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[46,97173,1746],{"id":1745},[337,97175,12599,97177,97179],{"id":97176},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97178,96098],{}," return a new set?",[20,97181,97182,97183,117],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97184,277],{},[337,97186,97188],{"id":97187},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97190,97191],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[337,97193,97195],{"id":97194},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97197,243,97198,10994,97201,117],{},[15,97199,97200],{},"set.update()",[15,97202,96093],{},[337,97204,97206],{"id":97205},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97208,97209,97210,117],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97211,2919],{},[46,97213,1808],{"id":1807},[260,97215,97216,97220,97225],{},[263,97217,97218],{},[30,97219,96216],{"href":96215},[263,97221,97222],{},[30,97223,97224],{"href":96219},"How to create a set in Python",[263,97226,97227],{},[30,97228,1815,97229,1818],{"href":96701},[15,97230,14845],{},[20,97232,97233,97234,97236],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97235,96093],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1841,97238,97239],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":97241},[97242,97243,97245,97246,97247,97248,97252,97256,97257,97258,97265],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":96190,"depth":111,"text":97244},"What set.add() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":96431,"depth":111,"text":96432},{"id":96522,"depth":111,"text":97249,"children":97250},"add() vs update()",[97251],{"id":96682,"depth":136,"text":96683},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310,"children":97253},[97254,97255],{"id":96720,"depth":136,"text":96721},{"id":61656,"depth":136,"text":96777},{"id":96852,"depth":111,"text":96853},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":97259},[97260,97262,97263,97264],{"id":97176,"depth":136,"text":97261},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97187,"depth":136,"text":97188},{"id":97194,"depth":136,"text":97195},{"id":97205,"depth":136,"text":97206},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96085,"description":97266},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97273,"title":97274,"body":97275,"description":98441,"extension":1883,"meta":98442,"navigation":152,"path":98443,"seo":98444,"stem":98445,"__hash__":98446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97276,"toc":98408},[97277,97282,97288,97295,97340,97342,97353,97358,97363,97367,97381,97386,97388,97390,97405,97407,97421,97423,97425,97490,97492,97502,97504,97522,97528,97535,97540,97614,97616,97633,97639,97644,97715,97717,97744,97761,97764,97769,97771,97778,97782,97849,97851,97866,97869,97922,97924,97932,97944,97946,97950,97955,97957,98006,98008,98016,98018,98063,98065,98075,98081,98089,98100,98106,98108,98137,98139,98157,98161,98164,98195,98197,98215,98219,98294,98296,98312,98319,98321,98326,98331,98337,98340,98344,98352,98359,98367,98369,98405],[10,97278,13,97280,18],{"id":97279},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97281,11222],{},[20,97283,97284,97287],{},[15,97285,97286],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97289,97290,97291,97294],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[41,97292,97293],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[51,97296,97298],{"className":53,"code":97297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97299,97300,97320,97330],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97301,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97303,350],{"class":66},[60,97305,71],{"class":70},[60,97307,75],{"class":74},[60,97309,358],{"class":357},[60,97311,88],{"class":74},[60,97313,363],{"class":357},[60,97315,88],{"class":74},[60,97317,368],{"class":357},[60,97319,108],{"class":74},[60,97321,97322,97324,97326,97328],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97323,380],{"class":66},[60,97325,117],{"class":74},[60,97327,11283],{"class":120},[60,97329,8555],{"class":74},[60,97331,97332,97334,97336,97338],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97333,140],{"class":139},[60,97335,124],{"class":74},[60,97337,380],{"class":120},[60,97339,133],{"class":74},[20,97341,404],{},[51,97343,97345],{"className":53,"code":97344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n",[15,97346,97347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97348,97349,97351],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97350,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97352,8555],{"class":74},[20,97354,97355,97357],{},[15,97356,11222],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[46,97359,250,97361,253],{"id":97360},"what-setclear-does",[15,97362,97286],{},[20,97364,1900,97365,11313],{},[15,97366,11222],{},[260,97368,97369,97372,97374,97378],{},[263,97370,97371],{},"Removes every item from a set",[263,97373,271],{},[263,97375,274,97376],{},[15,97377,277],{},[263,97379,97380],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97382,283,97383,71493],{},[30,97384,96216],{"href":97385},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[46,97387,296],{"id":295},[20,97389,54333],{},[51,97391,97393],{"className":53,"code":97392,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97394,97395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97396,97397,97399,97401,97403],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97398,306],{"class":66},[60,97400,117],{"class":74},[60,97402,11283],{"class":120},[60,97404,8555],{"class":74},[20,97406,12946],{},[260,97408,97409,97412,97415,97418],{},[263,97410,97411],{},"It takes no arguments",[263,97413,97414],{},"It empties the set",[263,97416,97417],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[263,97419,97420],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[46,97422,839],{"id":838},[20,97424,11376],{},[51,97426,97428],{"className":53,"code":97427,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97429,97430,97462,97466,97476,97480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97431,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456,97458,97460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97433,67],{"class":66},[60,97435,71],{"class":70},[60,97437,75],{"class":74},[60,97439,79],{"class":78},[60,97441,83],{"class":82},[60,97443,79],{"class":78},[60,97445,88],{"class":74},[60,97447,91],{"class":78},[60,97449,103],{"class":82},[60,97451,79],{"class":78},[60,97453,88],{"class":74},[60,97455,91],{"class":78},[60,97457,94],{"class":82},[60,97459,79],{"class":78},[60,97461,108],{"class":74},[60,97463,97464],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97465,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97467,97468,97470,97472,97474],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97469,114],{"class":66},[60,97471,117],{"class":74},[60,97473,11283],{"class":120},[60,97475,8555],{"class":74},[60,97477,97478],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97479,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97481,97482,97484,97486,97488],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,97483,140],{"class":139},[60,97485,124],{"class":74},[60,97487,114],{"class":120},[60,97489,133],{"class":74},[20,97491,404],{},[51,97493,97494],{"className":53,"code":97344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97495,97496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97497,97498,97500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97499,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97501,8555],{"class":74},[20,97503,11578],{},[260,97505,97506,97511,97516],{},[263,97507,97508,97510],{},[15,97509,114],{}," starts with three values",[263,97512,97513,11591],{},[15,97514,97515],{},"colors.clear()",[263,97517,97518,97519,97521],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97520,3710],{},", which means an empty set",[46,97523,97525,97527],{"id":97524},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97526,11222],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97529,97530,1776,97532,97534],{},[15,97531,11222],{},[15,97533,3710],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[337,97536,8331,97538],{"id":97537},"using-clear",[15,97539,11222],{},[51,97541,97543],{"className":53,"code":97542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97544,97545,97565,97575,97579,97589,97593,97603],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97546,97547,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559,97561,97563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97548,486],{"class":66},[60,97550,71],{"class":70},[60,97552,75],{"class":74},[60,97554,358],{"class":357},[60,97556,88],{"class":74},[60,97558,363],{"class":357},[60,97560,88],{"class":74},[60,97562,368],{"class":357},[60,97564,108],{"class":74},[60,97566,97567,97570,97572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97568,97569],{"class":66},"other_name ",[60,97571,71],{"class":70},[60,97573,97574],{"class":66}," items\n",[60,97576,97577],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97578,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97580,97581,97583,97585,97587],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97582,517],{"class":66},[60,97584,117],{"class":74},[60,97586,11283],{"class":120},[60,97588,8555],{"class":74},[60,97590,97591],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,97592,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97594,97595,97597,97599,97601],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,97596,140],{"class":139},[60,97598,124],{"class":74},[60,97600,517],{"class":120},[60,97602,133],{"class":74},[60,97604,97605,97607,97609,97612],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,97606,140],{"class":139},[60,97608,124],{"class":74},[60,97610,97611],{"class":120},"other_name",[60,97613,133],{"class":74},[20,97615,404],{},[51,97617,97619],{"className":53,"code":97618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97620,97621,97627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97622,97623,97625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97624,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97626,8555],{"class":74},[60,97628,97629,97631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97630,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97632,8555],{"class":74},[20,97634,97635,97636,117],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[41,97637,97638],{},"same set object",[337,97640,8331,97642],{"id":97641},"using-set",[15,97643,3710],{},[51,97645,97647],{"className":53,"code":97646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97648,97649,97669,97677,97681,97691,97695,97705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97650,97651,97653,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663,97665,97667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97652,486],{"class":66},[60,97654,71],{"class":70},[60,97656,75],{"class":74},[60,97658,358],{"class":357},[60,97660,88],{"class":74},[60,97662,363],{"class":357},[60,97664,88],{"class":74},[60,97666,368],{"class":357},[60,97668,108],{"class":74},[60,97670,97671,97673,97675],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97672,97569],{"class":66},[60,97674,71],{"class":70},[60,97676,97574],{"class":66},[60,97678,97679],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97680,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97682,97683,97685,97687,97689],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97684,486],{"class":66},[60,97686,71],{"class":70},[60,97688,15525],{"class":1683},[60,97690,8555],{"class":74},[60,97692,97693],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,97694,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97696,97697,97699,97701,97703],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,97698,140],{"class":139},[60,97700,124],{"class":74},[60,97702,517],{"class":120},[60,97704,133],{"class":74},[60,97706,97707,97709,97711,97713],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,97708,140],{"class":139},[60,97710,124],{"class":74},[60,97712,97611],{"class":120},[60,97714,133],{"class":74},[20,97716,404],{},[51,97718,97720],{"className":53,"code":97719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97721,97722,97728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97723,97724,97726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97725,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97727,8555],{"class":74},[60,97729,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97731,202],{"class":74},[60,97733,358],{"class":357},[60,97735,88],{"class":74},[60,97737,363],{"class":357},[60,97739,88],{"class":74},[60,97741,368],{"class":357},[60,97743,108],{"class":74},[20,97745,20660,97746,92983,97749,97752,97753,117,97755,97757,97758,97760],{},[15,97747,97748],{},"items = set()",[41,97750,97751],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97754,517],{},[9752,97756],{},"\nBut ",[15,97759,97611],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97762,97763],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97765,97766,97767,117],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[30,97768,96220],{"href":291},[46,97770,17310],{"id":17309},[20,97772,97773,39,97775,97777],{},[15,97774,11222],{},[41,97776,43],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97779,1766,97780,117],{},[15,97781,277],{},[51,97783,97785],{"className":53,"code":97784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97786,97787,97807,97811,97825,97829,97839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97788,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97790,350],{"class":66},[60,97792,71],{"class":70},[60,97794,75],{"class":74},[60,97796,358],{"class":357},[60,97798,88],{"class":74},[60,97800,363],{"class":357},[60,97802,88],{"class":74},[60,97804,368],{"class":357},[60,97806,108],{"class":74},[60,97808,97809],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97810,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97812,97813,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97814,688],{"class":66},[60,97816,71],{"class":70},[60,97818,1294],{"class":66},[60,97820,117],{"class":74},[60,97822,11283],{"class":120},[60,97824,8555],{"class":74},[60,97826,97827],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97828,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97830,97831,97833,97835,97837],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,97832,140],{"class":139},[60,97834,124],{"class":74},[60,97836,720],{"class":120},[60,97838,133],{"class":74},[60,97840,97841,97843,97845,97847],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,97842,140],{"class":139},[60,97844,124],{"class":74},[60,97846,380],{"class":120},[60,97848,133],{"class":74},[20,97850,404],{},[51,97852,97854],{"className":53,"code":97853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\nset()\n",[15,97855,97856,97860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97857,97858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97859,727],{"class":734},[60,97861,97862,97864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97863,1718],{"class":1683},[60,97865,8555],{"class":74},[20,97867,97868],{},"Do not do this:",[51,97870,97872],{"className":53,"code":97871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97873,97874,97894,97908,97912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888,97890,97892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97877,350],{"class":66},[60,97879,71],{"class":70},[60,97881,75],{"class":74},[60,97883,358],{"class":357},[60,97885,88],{"class":74},[60,97887,363],{"class":357},[60,97889,88],{"class":74},[60,97891,368],{"class":357},[60,97893,108],{"class":74},[60,97895,97896,97898,97900,97902,97904,97906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97897,350],{"class":66},[60,97899,71],{"class":70},[60,97901,1294],{"class":66},[60,97903,117],{"class":74},[60,97905,11283],{"class":120},[60,97907,8555],{"class":74},[60,97909,97910],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97911,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,97913,97914,97916,97918,97920],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,97915,140],{"class":139},[60,97917,124],{"class":74},[60,97919,380],{"class":120},[60,97921,133],{"class":74},[20,97923,404],{},[51,97925,97926],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97927,97928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97929,97930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97931,727],{"class":734},[20,97933,22077,97934,641,97936,97938,97939,97941,97942,117],{},[15,97935,54446],{},[15,97937,277],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97940,277],{}," back to ",[15,97943,380],{},[46,97945,4430],{"id":4429},[20,97947,10651,97948,117],{},[15,97949,97286],{},[337,97951,12489,97953],{"id":97952},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97954,11222],{},[20,97956,1498],{},[51,97958,97960],{"className":53,"code":97959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97961,97962,97982,97996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97963,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97965,15520],{"class":66},[60,97967,71],{"class":70},[60,97969,75],{"class":74},[60,97971,358],{"class":357},[60,97973,88],{"class":74},[60,97975,363],{"class":357},[60,97977,88],{"class":74},[60,97979,368],{"class":357},[60,97981,108],{"class":74},[60,97983,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992,97994],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97985,15520],{"class":66},[60,97987,71],{"class":70},[60,97989,1706],{"class":66},[60,97991,117],{"class":74},[60,97993,11283],{"class":120},[60,97995,8555],{"class":74},[60,97997,97998,98000,98002,98004],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,97999,140],{"class":139},[60,98001,124],{"class":74},[60,98003,306],{"class":120},[60,98005,133],{"class":74},[20,98007,404],{},[51,98009,98010],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98011,98012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98013,98014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98015,727],{"class":734},[20,98017,16546],{},[51,98019,98021],{"className":53,"code":98020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98022,98023,98043,98053],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98024,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98026,15520],{"class":66},[60,98028,71],{"class":70},[60,98030,75],{"class":74},[60,98032,358],{"class":357},[60,98034,88],{"class":74},[60,98036,363],{"class":357},[60,98038,88],{"class":74},[60,98040,368],{"class":357},[60,98042,108],{"class":74},[60,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98046,306],{"class":66},[60,98048,117],{"class":74},[60,98050,11283],{"class":120},[60,98052,8555],{"class":74},[60,98054,98055,98057,98059,98061],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,98056,140],{"class":139},[60,98058,124],{"class":74},[60,98060,306],{"class":120},[60,98062,133],{"class":74},[20,98064,404],{},[51,98066,98067],{"className":53,"code":97344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98068,98069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98070,98071,98073],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98072,1718],{"class":1683},[60,98074,8555],{"class":74},[337,98076,1254,98078,98080],{"id":98077},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98079,11222],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98082,98083,98085,98086,98088],{},[15,98084,11222],{}," removes ",[41,98087,3629],{}," items from the set.",[20,98090,98091,98092,288,98096,117],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[30,98093,98094],{"href":32},[15,98095,447],{},[30,98097,98098],{"href":459},[15,98099,462],{},[337,98101,8331,98103,98105],{"id":98102},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98104,3705],{}," for an empty set",[20,98107,25576],{},[51,98109,98111],{"className":53,"code":98110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98112,98113,98122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98114,98115,98118,98120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98116,98117],{"class":66},"empty_value ",[60,98119,71],{"class":70},[60,98121,9744],{"class":74},[60,98123,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132,98135],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98125,140],{"class":139},[60,98127,124],{"class":74},[60,98129,1684],{"class":1683},[60,98131,124],{"class":74},[60,98133,98134],{"class":120},"empty_value",[60,98136,1691],{"class":74},[20,98138,404],{},[51,98140,98141],{"className":53,"code":8720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98142,98143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98144,98145,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98146,3205],{"class":70},[60,98148,3208],{"class":1984},[60,98150,214],{"class":78},[60,98152,8733],{"class":82},[60,98154,205],{"class":78},[60,98156,3217],{"class":70},[20,98158,98159,8700],{},[15,98160,3705],{},[20,98162,98163],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[51,98165,98167],{"className":53,"code":98166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98168,98169,98180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98170,98171,98174,98176,98178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98172,98173],{"class":66},"empty_set ",[60,98175,71],{"class":70},[60,98177,15525],{"class":1683},[60,98179,8555],{"class":74},[60,98181,98182,98184,98186,98188,98190,98193],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98183,140],{"class":139},[60,98185,124],{"class":74},[60,98187,1684],{"class":1683},[60,98189,124],{"class":74},[60,98191,98192],{"class":120},"empty_set",[60,98194,1691],{"class":74},[20,98196,404],{},[51,98198,98199],{"className":53,"code":8764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98200,98201],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98202,98203,98205,98207,98209,98211,98213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98204,3205],{"class":70},[60,98206,3208],{"class":1984},[60,98208,214],{"class":78},[60,98210,1718],{"class":82},[60,98212,205],{"class":78},[60,98214,3217],{"class":70},[337,98216,98218],{"id":98217},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[51,98220,98222],{"className":53,"code":98221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98223,98224,98248,98256,98260,98270,98274,98284],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98225,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98227,2471],{"class":66},[60,98229,71],{"class":70},[60,98231,75],{"class":74},[60,98233,79],{"class":78},[60,98235,2093],{"class":82},[60,98237,79],{"class":78},[60,98239,88],{"class":74},[60,98241,91],{"class":78},[60,98243,11640],{"class":82},[60,98245,79],{"class":78},[60,98247,108],{"class":74},[60,98249,98250,98252,98254],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98251,2499],{"class":66},[60,98253,71],{"class":70},[60,98255,36060],{"class":66},[60,98257,98258],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,98259,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,98261,98262,98264,98266,98268],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,98263,30],{"class":66},[60,98265,117],{"class":74},[60,98267,11283],{"class":120},[60,98269,8555],{"class":74},[60,98271,98272],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,98273,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,98275,98276,98278,98280,98282],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,98277,140],{"class":139},[60,98279,124],{"class":74},[60,98281,30],{"class":120},[60,98283,133],{"class":74},[60,98285,98286,98288,98290,98292],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,98287,140],{"class":139},[60,98289,124],{"class":74},[60,98291,1428],{"class":120},[60,98293,133],{"class":74},[20,98295,404],{},[51,98297,98298],{"className":53,"code":97618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98299,98300,98306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98301,98302,98304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98303,1718],{"class":1683},[60,98305,8555],{"class":74},[60,98307,98308,98310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98309,1718],{"class":1683},[60,98311,8555],{"class":74},[20,98313,28946,98314,1776,98316,98318],{},[15,98315,30],{},[15,98317,1428],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[46,98320,1746],{"id":1745},[337,98322,1760,98324,5055],{"id":98323},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98325,97286],{},[20,98327,1766,98328,98330],{},[15,98329,277],{},". It empties the set in place.",[337,98332,12599,98334,98336],{"id":98333},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98335,11222],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98338,98339],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[337,98341,98343],{"id":98342},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98345,98346,98347,98349,98350,117],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98348,11222],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98351,3710],{},[337,98353,1773,98355,1776,98357,1779],{"id":98354},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98356,11222],{},[15,98358,3710],{},[20,98360,98361,98363,98364,98366],{},[15,98362,11222],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98365,3710],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[46,98368,1808],{"id":1807},[260,98370,98371,98375,98379,98386,98392,98398],{},[263,98372,98373],{},[30,98374,96216],{"href":97385},[263,98376,98377],{},[30,98378,97224],{"href":291},[263,98380,98381],{},[30,98382,1815,98384,1818],{"href":98383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98385,96093],{},[263,98387,98388],{},[30,98389,1815,98390,1818],{"href":32},[15,98391,447],{},[263,98393,98394],{},[30,98395,1815,98396,1818],{"href":459},[15,98397,462],{},[263,98399,98400],{},[30,98401,1815,98403,1818],{"href":98402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98404,14845],{},[1841,98406,98407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":98409},[98410,98412,98413,98414,98421,98422,98431,98440],{"id":97360,"depth":111,"text":98411},"What set.clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":97524,"depth":111,"text":98415,"children":98416},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98417,98419],{"id":97537,"depth":136,"text":98418},"Using clear()",{"id":97641,"depth":136,"text":98420},"Using set()",{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":98423},[98424,98426,98428,98430],{"id":97952,"depth":136,"text":98425},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98077,"depth":136,"text":98427},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98102,"depth":136,"text":98429},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98217,"depth":136,"text":98218},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":98432},[98433,98435,98437,98438],{"id":98323,"depth":136,"text":98434},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98333,"depth":136,"text":98436},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98342,"depth":136,"text":98343},{"id":98354,"depth":136,"text":98439},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97274,"description":98441},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98448,"title":98449,"body":98450,"description":100280,"extension":1883,"meta":100281,"navigation":152,"path":96219,"seo":100282,"stem":100283,"__hash__":100284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98451,"toc":100237},[98452,98455,98458,98461,98463,98566,98570,98617,98623,98625,98644,98648,98651,98653,98667,98675,98679,98682,98717,98721,98741,98744,98748,98751,98812,98816,98841,98848,98854,98859,98861,98873,98877,98926,98930,98954,98961,98965,99006,99010,99031,99035,99068,99072,99113,99116,99120,99125,99164,99168,99193,99198,99204,99241,99245,99268,99272,99274,99277,99280,99357,99361,99398,99401,99405,99411,99414,99424,99473,99479,99485,99512,99515,99537,99539,99570,99573,99577,99581,99620,99624,99687,99690,99723,99727,99752,99754,99757,99763,99766,99793,99796,99814,99818,99822,99825,99868,99871,99875,99878,99881,99911,99914,99918,99921,99936,99941,99945,99948,100037,100039,100042,100132,100135,100153,100155,100159,100169,100173,100181,100185,100188,100192,100195,100199,100202,100204,100231,100234],[10,98453,98449],{"id":98454},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98456,98457],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98459,98460],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[46,98462,3525],{"id":3524},[51,98464,98466],{"className":53,"code":98465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98467,98468,98488,98522,98532,98536,98546,98556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98469,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98471,350],{"class":66},[60,98473,71],{"class":70},[60,98475,75],{"class":74},[60,98477,358],{"class":357},[60,98479,88],{"class":74},[60,98481,363],{"class":357},[60,98483,88],{"class":74},[60,98485,368],{"class":357},[60,98487,108],{"class":74},[60,98489,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504,98506,98508,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98491,3983],{"class":66},[60,98493,71],{"class":70},[60,98495,15525],{"class":1683},[60,98497,1641],{"class":74},[60,98499,79],{"class":78},[60,98501,495],{"class":82},[60,98503,79],{"class":78},[60,98505,88],{"class":74},[60,98507,91],{"class":78},[60,98509,504],{"class":82},[60,98511,79],{"class":78},[60,98513,88],{"class":74},[60,98515,91],{"class":78},[60,98517,495],{"class":82},[60,98519,79],{"class":78},[60,98521,1646],{"class":74},[60,98523,98524,98526,98528,98530],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,98525,98173],{"class":66},[60,98527,71],{"class":70},[60,98529,15525],{"class":1683},[60,98531,8555],{"class":74},[60,98533,98534],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,98535,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,98537,98538,98540,98542,98544],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,98539,140],{"class":139},[60,98541,124],{"class":74},[60,98543,380],{"class":120},[60,98545,133],{"class":74},[60,98547,98548,98550,98552,98554],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,98549,140],{"class":139},[60,98551,124],{"class":74},[60,98553,4025],{"class":120},[60,98555,133],{"class":74},[60,98557,98558,98560,98562,98564],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,98559,140],{"class":139},[60,98561,124],{"class":74},[60,98563,98192],{"class":120},[60,98565,133],{"class":74},[20,98567,98568],{},[41,98569,404],{},[51,98571,98573],{"className":53,"code":98572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98574,98575,98591,98611],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98576,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587,98589],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98578,202],{"class":74},[60,98580,358],{"class":357},[60,98582,88],{"class":74},[60,98584,363],{"class":357},[60,98586,88],{"class":74},[60,98588,368],{"class":357},[60,98590,108],{"class":74},[60,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98594,202],{"class":74},[60,98596,205],{"class":78},[60,98598,504],{"class":82},[60,98600,205],{"class":78},[60,98602,88],{"class":74},[60,98604,214],{"class":78},[60,98606,495],{"class":82},[60,98608,205],{"class":78},[60,98610,108],{"class":74},[60,98612,98613,98615],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,98614,1718],{"class":1683},[60,98616,8555],{"class":74},[20,98618,98619,98620,98622],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98621,3710],{}," for an empty set.",[46,98624,15054],{"id":15053},[260,98626,98627,98630,98635,98638,98641],{},[263,98628,98629],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[263,98631,98632,98633],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98634,3710],{},[263,98636,98637],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[263,98639,98640],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[263,98642,98643],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[46,98645,98647],{"id":98646},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98649,98650],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98652,30425],{},[260,98654,98655,98658,98661,98664],{},[263,98656,98657],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[263,98659,98660],{},"Sets are unordered",[263,98662,98663],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[263,98665,98666],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98668,98669,98670,288,98672,117],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[30,98671,96216],{"href":97385},[30,98673,98674],{"href":286},"what is a set in Python",[46,98676,98678],{"id":98677},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98680,98681],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[51,98683,98685],{"className":53,"code":98684,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98686,98687,98707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98690,350],{"class":66},[60,98692,71],{"class":70},[60,98694,75],{"class":74},[60,98696,358],{"class":357},[60,98698,88],{"class":74},[60,98700,363],{"class":357},[60,98702,88],{"class":74},[60,98704,368],{"class":357},[60,98706,108],{"class":74},[60,98708,98709,98711,98713,98715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98710,140],{"class":139},[60,98712,124],{"class":74},[60,98714,380],{"class":120},[60,98716,133],{"class":74},[20,98718,98719],{},[41,98720,192],{},[51,98722,98723],{"className":53,"code":96495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98724,98725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98728,202],{"class":74},[60,98730,358],{"class":357},[60,98732,88],{"class":74},[60,98734,363],{"class":357},[60,98736,88],{"class":74},[60,98738,368],{"class":357},[60,98740,108],{"class":74},[20,98742,98743],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[337,98745,98747],{"id":98746},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98749,98750],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[51,98752,98754],{"className":53,"code":98753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98755,98756,98788,98798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98757,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98759,350],{"class":66},[60,98761,71],{"class":70},[60,98763,75],{"class":74},[60,98765,358],{"class":357},[60,98767,88],{"class":74},[60,98769,363],{"class":357},[60,98771,88],{"class":74},[60,98773,363],{"class":357},[60,98775,88],{"class":74},[60,98777,368],{"class":357},[60,98779,88],{"class":74},[60,98781,368],{"class":357},[60,98783,88],{"class":74},[60,98785,368],{"class":357},[60,98787,108],{"class":74},[60,98789,98790,98792,98794,98796],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98791,140],{"class":139},[60,98793,124],{"class":74},[60,98795,380],{"class":120},[60,98797,133],{"class":74},[60,98799,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,98801,140],{"class":139},[60,98803,124],{"class":74},[60,98805,11064],{"class":139},[60,98807,124],{"class":74},[60,98809,380],{"class":120},[60,98811,1691],{"class":74},[20,98813,98814],{},[41,98815,192],{},[51,98817,98819],{"className":53,"code":98818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98820,98821,98837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98824,202],{"class":74},[60,98826,358],{"class":357},[60,98828,88],{"class":74},[60,98830,363],{"class":357},[60,98832,88],{"class":74},[60,98834,368],{"class":357},[60,98836,108],{"class":74},[60,98838,98839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98840,46501],{"class":357},[20,98842,20867,98843,1776,98845,98847],{},[15,98844,1303],{},[15,98846,389],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[46,98849,98851,98852],{"id":98850},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98853,3710],{},[20,98855,243,98856,98858],{},[15,98857,3710],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98860,5367],{},[260,98862,98863,98865,98867,98869],{},[263,98864,96973],{},[263,98866,96271],{},[263,98868,56350],{},[263,98870,98871],{},[15,98872,36083],{},[337,98874,98876],{"id":98875},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[51,98878,98880],{"className":53,"code":98879,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98881,98882,98916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98883,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98885,350],{"class":66},[60,98887,71],{"class":70},[60,98889,15525],{"class":1683},[60,98891,1641],{"class":74},[60,98893,358],{"class":357},[60,98895,88],{"class":74},[60,98897,363],{"class":357},[60,98899,88],{"class":74},[60,98901,363],{"class":357},[60,98903,88],{"class":74},[60,98905,368],{"class":357},[60,98907,88],{"class":74},[60,98909,368],{"class":357},[60,98911,88],{"class":74},[60,98913,373],{"class":357},[60,98915,1646],{"class":74},[60,98917,98918,98920,98922,98924],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98919,140],{"class":139},[60,98921,124],{"class":74},[60,98923,380],{"class":120},[60,98925,133],{"class":74},[20,98927,98928],{},[41,98929,192],{},[51,98931,98932],{"className":53,"code":96160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98933,98934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98935,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98937,202],{"class":74},[60,98939,358],{"class":357},[60,98941,88],{"class":74},[60,98943,363],{"class":357},[60,98945,88],{"class":74},[60,98947,368],{"class":357},[60,98949,88],{"class":74},[60,98951,373],{"class":357},[60,98953,108],{"class":74},[20,98955,98956,98957,117],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[30,98958,98960],{"href":98959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[337,98962,98964],{"id":98963},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[51,98966,98968],{"className":53,"code":98967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98969,98970,98996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98971,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98973,3736],{"class":66},[60,98975,71],{"class":70},[60,98977,15525],{"class":1683},[60,98979,5421],{"class":74},[60,98981,2250],{"class":357},[60,98983,88],{"class":74},[60,98985,7702],{"class":357},[60,98987,88],{"class":74},[60,98989,7702],{"class":357},[60,98991,88],{"class":74},[60,98993,7707],{"class":357},[60,98995,1691],{"class":74},[60,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98999,140],{"class":139},[60,99001,124],{"class":74},[60,99003,5268],{"class":120},[60,99005,133],{"class":74},[20,99007,99008],{},[41,99009,192],{},[51,99011,99013],{"className":53,"code":99012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99014,99015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99018,202],{"class":74},[60,99020,2250],{"class":357},[60,99022,88],{"class":74},[60,99024,7702],{"class":357},[60,99026,88],{"class":74},[60,99028,7707],{"class":357},[60,99030,108],{"class":74},[337,99032,99034],{"id":99033},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[51,99036,99038],{"className":53,"code":99037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99039,99040,99058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99041,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99043,1411],{"class":66},[60,99045,71],{"class":70},[60,99047,15525],{"class":1683},[60,99049,124],{"class":74},[60,99051,79],{"class":78},[60,99053,3759],{"class":82},[60,99055,79],{"class":78},[60,99057,133],{"class":74},[60,99059,99060,99062,99064,99066],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99061,140],{"class":139},[60,99063,124],{"class":74},[60,99065,1446],{"class":120},[60,99067,133],{"class":74},[20,99069,99070],{},[41,99071,192],{},[51,99073,99075],{"className":53,"code":99074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99076,99077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99080,202],{"class":74},[60,99082,205],{"class":78},[60,99084,60325],{"class":82},[60,99086,205],{"class":78},[60,99088,88],{"class":74},[60,99090,214],{"class":78},[60,99092,60334],{"class":82},[60,99094,205],{"class":78},[60,99096,88],{"class":74},[60,99098,214],{"class":78},[60,99100,60343],{"class":82},[60,99102,205],{"class":78},[60,99104,88],{"class":74},[60,99106,214],{"class":78},[60,99108,60360],{"class":82},[60,99110,205],{"class":78},[60,99112,108],{"class":74},[20,99114,99115],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[46,99117,99119],{"id":99118},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99121,99122,99123,117],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99124,3710],{},[51,99126,99128],{"className":53,"code":99127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99129,99130,99140,99150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99133,98173],{"class":66},[60,99135,71],{"class":70},[60,99137,15525],{"class":1683},[60,99139,8555],{"class":74},[60,99141,99142,99144,99146,99148],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99143,140],{"class":139},[60,99145,124],{"class":74},[60,99147,98192],{"class":120},[60,99149,133],{"class":74},[60,99151,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,99153,140],{"class":139},[60,99155,124],{"class":74},[60,99157,1684],{"class":1683},[60,99159,124],{"class":74},[60,99161,98192],{"class":120},[60,99163,1691],{"class":74},[20,99165,99166],{},[41,99167,404],{},[51,99169,99171],{"className":53,"code":99170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99172,99173,99179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99174,99175,99177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99176,1718],{"class":1683},[60,99178,8555],{"class":74},[60,99180,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99182,3205],{"class":70},[60,99184,3208],{"class":1984},[60,99186,214],{"class":78},[60,99188,1718],{"class":82},[60,99190,205],{"class":78},[60,99192,3217],{"class":70},[337,99194,44314,99196],{"id":99195},"do-not-use",[15,99197,3705],{},[20,99199,99200,99201,99203],{},"Empty braces do ",[41,99202,43],{}," create a set.",[51,99205,99207],{"className":53,"code":99206,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99208,99209,99217,99227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99210,99211,99213,99215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99212,98117],{"class":66},[60,99214,71],{"class":70},[60,99216,9744],{"class":74},[60,99218,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99220,140],{"class":139},[60,99222,124],{"class":74},[60,99224,98134],{"class":120},[60,99226,133],{"class":74},[60,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,99230,140],{"class":139},[60,99232,124],{"class":74},[60,99234,1684],{"class":1683},[60,99236,124],{"class":74},[60,99238,98134],{"class":120},[60,99240,1691],{"class":74},[20,99242,99243],{},[41,99244,404],{},[51,99246,99248],{"className":53,"code":99247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99249,99250,99254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99251,99252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99253,9341],{"class":74},[60,99255,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99257,3205],{"class":70},[60,99259,3208],{"class":1984},[60,99261,214],{"class":78},[60,99263,8733],{"class":82},[60,99265,205],{"class":78},[60,99267,3217],{"class":70},[20,99269,99270,8700],{},[15,99271,3705],{},[46,99273,72157],{"id":72156},[20,99275,99276],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99278,99279],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[51,99281,99283],{"className":53,"code":99282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99284,99285,99333,99343],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99286,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99288,3983],{"class":66},[60,99290,71],{"class":70},[60,99292,75],{"class":74},[60,99294,79],{"class":78},[60,99296,495],{"class":82},[60,99298,79],{"class":78},[60,99300,88],{"class":74},[60,99302,91],{"class":78},[60,99304,504],{"class":82},[60,99306,79],{"class":78},[60,99308,88],{"class":74},[60,99310,91],{"class":78},[60,99312,495],{"class":82},[60,99314,79],{"class":78},[60,99316,88],{"class":74},[60,99318,91],{"class":78},[60,99320,495],{"class":82},[60,99322,79],{"class":78},[60,99324,88],{"class":74},[60,99326,91],{"class":78},[60,99328,528],{"class":82},[60,99330,79],{"class":78},[60,99332,108],{"class":74},[60,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99336,140],{"class":139},[60,99338,124],{"class":74},[60,99340,4025],{"class":120},[60,99342,133],{"class":74},[60,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,99346,140],{"class":139},[60,99348,124],{"class":74},[60,99350,11064],{"class":139},[60,99352,124],{"class":74},[60,99354,4025],{"class":120},[60,99356,1691],{"class":74},[20,99358,99359],{},[41,99360,192],{},[51,99362,99364],{"className":53,"code":99363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99365,99366,99394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99367,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99369,202],{"class":74},[60,99371,205],{"class":78},[60,99373,504],{"class":82},[60,99375,205],{"class":78},[60,99377,88],{"class":74},[60,99379,214],{"class":78},[60,99381,528],{"class":82},[60,99383,205],{"class":78},[60,99385,88],{"class":74},[60,99387,214],{"class":78},[60,99389,495],{"class":82},[60,99391,205],{"class":78},[60,99393,108],{"class":74},[60,99395,99396],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99397,46501],{"class":357},[20,99399,99400],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[46,99402,99404],{"id":99403},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99406,99407,99408,99410],{},"Set items must be ",[41,99409,96259],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99412,99413],{},"These usually work:",[260,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422],{},[263,99417,56347],{},[263,99419,56350],{},[263,99421,96271],{},[263,99423,40479],{},[51,99425,99427],{"className":53,"code":99426,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99428,99429,99463],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99430,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99432,3736],{"class":66},[60,99434,71],{"class":70},[60,99436,75],{"class":74},[60,99438,358],{"class":357},[60,99440,88],{"class":74},[60,99442,91],{"class":78},[60,99444,495],{"class":82},[60,99446,79],{"class":78},[60,99448,88],{"class":74},[60,99450,9144],{"class":74},[60,99452,2250],{"class":357},[60,99454,88],{"class":74},[60,99456,7702],{"class":357},[60,99458,9141],{"class":74},[60,99460,3828],{"class":734},[60,99462,108],{"class":74},[60,99464,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99466,140],{"class":139},[60,99468,124],{"class":74},[60,99470,5268],{"class":120},[60,99472,133],{"class":74},[20,99474,99475,99476,99478],{},"These do ",[41,99477,43],{}," work directly:",[260,99480,99481,99483],{},[263,99482,96973],{},[263,99484,96976],{},[51,99486,99488],{"className":53,"code":99487,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99489,99490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99491,99492,99495,99497,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99493,99494],{"class":66},"bad_set ",[60,99496,71],{"class":70},[60,99498,99499],{"class":74}," {[",[60,99501,358],{"class":357},[60,99503,88],{"class":74},[60,99505,363],{"class":357},[60,99507,88],{"class":74},[60,99509,368],{"class":357},[60,99511,13597],{"class":74},[20,99513,99514],{},"This raises an error:",[51,99516,99517],{"className":53,"code":97032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99518,99519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99520,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99522,2919],{"class":1683},[60,99524,258],{"class":74},[60,99526,97043],{"class":66},[60,99528,1684],{"class":1683},[60,99530,258],{"class":74},[60,99532,214],{"class":78},[60,99534,8006],{"class":82},[60,99536,29585],{"class":78},[20,99538,51966],{},[51,99540,99542],{"className":53,"code":99541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99543,99544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99545,99546,99548,99550,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99547,99494],{"class":66},[60,99549,71],{"class":70},[60,99551,99552],{"class":74}," {{",[60,99554,79],{"class":78},[60,99556,7580],{"class":82},[60,99558,79],{"class":78},[60,99560,258],{"class":74},[60,99562,91],{"class":78},[60,99564,7589],{"class":82},[60,99566,79],{"class":78},[60,99568,99569],{"class":74},"}}\n",[20,99571,99572],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,99574,99576],{"id":99575},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[337,99578,99580],{"id":99579},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[51,99582,99584],{"className":53,"code":99583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99585,99586,99610],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99587,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99589,350],{"class":66},[60,99591,71],{"class":70},[60,99593,75],{"class":74},[60,99595,358],{"class":357},[60,99597,88],{"class":74},[60,99599,363],{"class":357},[60,99601,88],{"class":74},[60,99603,368],{"class":357},[60,99605,88],{"class":74},[60,99607,373],{"class":357},[60,99609,108],{"class":74},[60,99611,99612,99614,99616,99618],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99613,140],{"class":139},[60,99615,124],{"class":74},[60,99617,380],{"class":120},[60,99619,133],{"class":74},[337,99621,99623],{"id":99622},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[51,99625,99627],{"className":53,"code":99626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99628,99629,99657,99672,99676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99630,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99632,486],{"class":66},[60,99634,71],{"class":70},[60,99636,1512],{"class":74},[60,99638,358],{"class":357},[60,99640,88],{"class":74},[60,99642,5408],{"class":357},[60,99644,88],{"class":74},[60,99646,363],{"class":357},[60,99648,88],{"class":74},[60,99650,368],{"class":357},[60,99652,88],{"class":74},[60,99654,368],{"class":357},[60,99656,1525],{"class":74},[60,99658,99659,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99660,99661],{"class":66},"unique_items ",[60,99663,71],{"class":70},[60,99665,15525],{"class":1683},[60,99667,124],{"class":74},[60,99669,517],{"class":120},[60,99671,133],{"class":74},[60,99673,99674],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,99675,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,99677,99678,99680,99682,99685],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,99679,140],{"class":139},[60,99681,124],{"class":74},[60,99683,99684],{"class":120},"unique_items",[60,99686,133],{"class":74},[337,99688,99034],{"id":99689},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[51,99691,99693],{"className":53,"code":99692,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99694,99695,99713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99696,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99698,1411],{"class":66},[60,99700,71],{"class":70},[60,99702,15525],{"class":1683},[60,99704,124],{"class":74},[60,99706,79],{"class":78},[60,99708,504],{"class":82},[60,99710,79],{"class":78},[60,99712,133],{"class":74},[60,99714,99715,99717,99719,99721],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99716,140],{"class":139},[60,99718,124],{"class":74},[60,99720,1446],{"class":120},[60,99722,133],{"class":74},[337,99724,99726],{"id":99725},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[51,99728,99730],{"className":53,"code":99729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99731,99732,99742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99733,99734,99736,99738,99740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99735,98173],{"class":66},[60,99737,71],{"class":70},[60,99739,15525],{"class":1683},[60,99741,8555],{"class":74},[60,99743,99744,99746,99748,99750],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99745,140],{"class":139},[60,99747,124],{"class":74},[60,99749,98192],{"class":120},[60,99751,133],{"class":74},[46,99753,1245],{"id":1244},[20,99755,99756],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[337,99758,8331,99760,99762],{"id":99759},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99761,3705],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99764,99765],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[51,99767,99769],{"className":53,"code":99768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99770,99771,99779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99772,99773,99775,99777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99774,1700],{"class":66},[60,99776,71],{"class":70},[60,99778,9744],{"class":74},[60,99780,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99782,140],{"class":139},[60,99784,124],{"class":74},[60,99786,1684],{"class":1683},[60,99788,124],{"class":74},[60,99790,315],{"class":120},[60,99792,1691],{"class":74},[20,99794,99795],{},"This prints:",[51,99797,99798],{"className":53,"code":8720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99799,99800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99801,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99803,3205],{"class":70},[60,99805,3208],{"class":1984},[60,99807,214],{"class":78},[60,99809,8733],{"class":82},[60,99811,205],{"class":78},[60,99813,3217],{"class":70},[20,99815,243,99816,6542],{},[15,99817,3710],{},[337,99819,99821],{"id":99820},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99823,99824],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[51,99826,99828],{"className":53,"code":99827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99829,99830,99858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99831,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99833,350],{"class":66},[60,99835,71],{"class":70},[60,99837,75],{"class":74},[60,99839,358],{"class":357},[60,99841,88],{"class":74},[60,99843,5408],{"class":357},[60,99845,88],{"class":74},[60,99847,363],{"class":357},[60,99849,88],{"class":74},[60,99851,363],{"class":357},[60,99853,88],{"class":74},[60,99855,368],{"class":357},[60,99857,108],{"class":74},[60,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99861,140],{"class":139},[60,99863,124],{"class":74},[60,99865,380],{"class":120},[60,99867,133],{"class":74},[20,99869,99870],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[337,99872,99874],{"id":99873},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99876,99877],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99879,99880],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[51,99882,99884],{"className":53,"code":99883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99885,99886,99906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99887,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99889,350],{"class":66},[60,99891,71],{"class":70},[60,99893,75],{"class":74},[60,99895,2250],{"class":357},[60,99897,88],{"class":74},[60,99899,7702],{"class":357},[60,99901,88],{"class":74},[60,99903,7707],{"class":357},[60,99905,108],{"class":74},[60,99907,99908],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99909,99910],{"class":177},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99912,99913],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[337,99915,99917],{"id":99916},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99919,99920],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[51,99922,99924],{"className":53,"code":99923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99925,99926,99931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99927,99928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99929,99930],{"class":177},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[60,99932,99933],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99934,99935],{"class":177},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99937,99938,99939,117],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99940,2919],{},[337,99942,99944],{"id":99943},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99946,99947],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[51,99949,99951],{"className":53,"code":99950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99952,99953,99973,100005,100009,100023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99954,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99956,15520],{"class":66},[60,99958,71],{"class":70},[60,99960,75],{"class":74},[60,99962,358],{"class":357},[60,99964,88],{"class":74},[60,99966,363],{"class":357},[60,99968,88],{"class":74},[60,99970,368],{"class":357},[60,99972,108],{"class":74},[60,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99976,11619],{"class":66},[60,99978,71],{"class":70},[60,99980,75],{"class":74},[60,99982,79],{"class":78},[60,99984,30],{"class":82},[60,99986,79],{"class":78},[60,99988,258],{"class":74},[60,99990,5408],{"class":357},[60,99992,88],{"class":74},[60,99994,91],{"class":78},[60,99996,1428],{"class":82},[60,99998,79],{"class":78},[60,100000,258],{"class":74},[60,100002,363],{"class":357},[60,100004,108],{"class":74},[60,100006,100007],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100008,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100012,140],{"class":139},[60,100014,124],{"class":74},[60,100016,1684],{"class":1683},[60,100018,124],{"class":74},[60,100020,306],{"class":120},[60,100022,1691],{"class":74},[60,100024,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,100026,140],{"class":139},[60,100028,124],{"class":74},[60,100030,1684],{"class":1683},[60,100032,124],{"class":74},[60,100034,11349],{"class":120},[60,100036,1691],{"class":74},[46,100038,92674],{"id":92673},[20,100040,100041],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[51,100043,100045],{"className":53,"code":100044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100046,100047,100073,100077,100091,100101,100115,100122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100048,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100050,15520],{"class":66},[60,100052,71],{"class":70},[60,100054,15525],{"class":1683},[60,100056,1641],{"class":74},[60,100058,358],{"class":357},[60,100060,88],{"class":74},[60,100062,363],{"class":357},[60,100064,88],{"class":74},[60,100066,363],{"class":357},[60,100068,88],{"class":74},[60,100070,368],{"class":357},[60,100072,1646],{"class":74},[60,100074,100075],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100076,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100080,140],{"class":139},[60,100082,124],{"class":74},[60,100084,1684],{"class":1683},[60,100086,124],{"class":74},[60,100088,306],{"class":120},[60,100090,1691],{"class":74},[60,100092,100093,100095,100097,100099],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100094,140],{"class":139},[60,100096,124],{"class":74},[60,100098,306],{"class":120},[60,100100,133],{"class":74},[60,100102,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,100104,140],{"class":139},[60,100106,124],{"class":74},[60,100108,11064],{"class":139},[60,100110,124],{"class":74},[60,100112,306],{"class":120},[60,100114,1691],{"class":74},[60,100116,100117,100119],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,100118,140],{"class":139},[60,100120,100121],{"class":74},"({})\n",[60,100123,100124,100126,100128,100130],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,100125,140],{"class":139},[60,100127,124],{"class":74},[60,100129,1718],{"class":1683},[60,100131,7105],{"class":74},[20,100133,100134],{},"Use these to confirm:",[260,100136,100137,100140,100143,100146],{},[263,100138,100139],{},"The object type",[263,100141,100142],{},"The actual values stored",[263,100144,100145],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[263,100147,100148,100149,1776,100151],{},"The difference between ",[15,100150,3705],{},[15,100152,3710],{},[46,100154,1746],{"id":1745},[337,100156,100158],{"id":100157},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100160,100161,100162,100165,100166,100168],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100163,100164],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100167,3710],{}," with another iterable.",[337,100170,100172],{"id":100171},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100174,243,100175,100177,100178,100180],{},[15,100176,3710],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100179,3705],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[337,100182,100184],{"id":100183},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100186,100187],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[337,100189,100191],{"id":100190},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100193,100194],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[337,100196,100198],{"id":100197},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100200,100201],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[46,100203,1808],{"id":1807},[260,100205,100206,100210,100216,100222,100227],{},[263,100207,100208],{},[30,100209,96216],{"href":97385},[263,100211,100212],{},[30,100213,3491,100214,1818],{"href":98383},[15,100215,96098],{},[263,100217,100218],{},[30,100219,3491,100220,1818],{"href":98402},[15,100221,97200],{},[263,100223,100224],{},[30,100225,100226],{"href":98959},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[263,100228,100229],{},[30,100230,1834],{"href":286},[20,100232,100233],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1841,100235,100236],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":100238},[100239,100240,100241,100242,100245,100251,100255,100256,100257,100263,100271,100272,100279],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":98646,"depth":111,"text":98647},{"id":98677,"depth":111,"text":98678,"children":100243},[100244],{"id":98746,"depth":136,"text":98747},{"id":98850,"depth":111,"text":100246,"children":100247},"Create a set with set()",[100248,100249,100250],{"id":98875,"depth":136,"text":98876},{"id":98963,"depth":136,"text":98964},{"id":99033,"depth":136,"text":99034},{"id":99118,"depth":111,"text":99119,"children":100252},[100253],{"id":99195,"depth":136,"text":100254},"Do not use {}",{"id":72156,"depth":111,"text":72157},{"id":99403,"depth":111,"text":99404},{"id":99575,"depth":111,"text":99576,"children":100258},[100259,100260,100261,100262],{"id":99579,"depth":136,"text":99580},{"id":99622,"depth":136,"text":99623},{"id":99689,"depth":136,"text":99034},{"id":99725,"depth":136,"text":99726},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":100264},[100265,100267,100268,100269,100270],{"id":99759,"depth":136,"text":100266},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99820,"depth":136,"text":99821},{"id":99873,"depth":136,"text":99874},{"id":99916,"depth":136,"text":99917},{"id":99943,"depth":136,"text":99944},{"id":92673,"depth":111,"text":92674},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":100273},[100274,100275,100276,100277,100278],{"id":100157,"depth":136,"text":100158},{"id":100171,"depth":136,"text":100172},{"id":100183,"depth":136,"text":100184},{"id":100190,"depth":136,"text":100191},{"id":100197,"depth":136,"text":100198},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98449,"description":100280},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100286,"title":100287,"body":100288,"description":102718,"extension":1883,"meta":102719,"navigation":152,"path":102720,"seo":102721,"stem":102722,"__hash__":102723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100289,"toc":102683},[100290,100296,100302,100305,100307,100384,100386,100403,100413,100415,100420,100428,100430,100446,100450,100452,100454,100457,100478,100481,100505,100511,100513,100610,100612,100629,100639,100641,100643,100651,100653,100664,100666,100757,100759,100783,100794,100796,100798,100801,100931,100933,101006,101008,101029,101032,101034,101040,101045,101048,101175,101177,101194,101197,101199,101207,101210,101214,101222,101313,101315,101352,101357,101364,101441,101443,101459,101464,101469,101471,101480,101488,101569,101571,101600,101603,101607,101618,101621,101704,101706,101727,101733,101735,101737,101741,101745,101752,101817,101819,101839,101842,101911,101913,101929,101933,101939,101951,101959,101961,102046,102048,102077,102080,102084,102088,102090,102140,102143,102224,102226,102242,102246,102249,102324,102327,102331,102334,102411,102413,102446,102452,102456,102459,102594,102596,102610,102612,102614,102620,102623,102630,102638,102644,102647,102651,102654,102656,102658,102680],[10,100291,13,100293,18],{"id":100292},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100294,100295],{},"difference()",[20,100297,100298,100301],{},[15,100299,100300],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100303,100304],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[46,100306,3525],{"id":3524},[51,100308,100310],{"className":53,"code":100309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100311,100312,100336,100356,100374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100313,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100315,2471],{"class":66},[60,100317,71],{"class":70},[60,100319,75],{"class":74},[60,100321,358],{"class":357},[60,100323,88],{"class":74},[60,100325,363],{"class":357},[60,100327,88],{"class":74},[60,100329,368],{"class":357},[60,100331,88],{"class":74},[60,100333,373],{"class":357},[60,100335,108],{"class":74},[60,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100339,2499],{"class":66},[60,100341,71],{"class":70},[60,100343,75],{"class":74},[60,100345,389],{"class":357},[60,100347,88],{"class":74},[60,100349,373],{"class":357},[60,100351,88],{"class":74},[60,100353,4516],{"class":357},[60,100355,108],{"class":74},[60,100357,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100359,688],{"class":66},[60,100361,71],{"class":70},[60,100363,56773],{"class":66},[60,100365,117],{"class":74},[60,100367,2729],{"class":120},[60,100369,124],{"class":74},[60,100371,1428],{"class":120},[60,100373,133],{"class":74},[60,100375,100376,100378,100380,100382],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100377,140],{"class":139},[60,100379,124],{"class":74},[60,100381,720],{"class":120},[60,100383,133],{"class":74},[20,100385,404],{},[51,100387,100389],{"className":53,"code":100388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100390,100391],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100392,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100394,202],{"class":74},[60,100396,358],{"class":357},[60,100398,88],{"class":74},[60,100400,363],{"class":357},[60,100402,108],{"class":74},[20,100404,100405,100407,100408,100410,100411,117],{},[15,100406,100295],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100409,30],{}," that are not in ",[15,100412,1428],{},[44802,100414],{},[46,100416,250,100418,253],{"id":100417},"what-difference-does",[15,100419,100295],{},[20,100421,1900,100422,100424,100425,100427],{},[15,100423,100295],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[41,100426,43],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100429,12946],{},[260,100431,100432,100437,100440,100443],{},[263,100433,100434,100436],{},[15,100435,100295],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[263,100438,100439],{},"It creates a new set",[263,100441,100442],{},"It does not change the original set",[263,100444,100445],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100447,283,100448,117],{},[30,100449,96216],{"href":97385},[44802,100451],{},[46,100453,296],{"id":295},[20,100455,100456],{},"Use this form:",[51,100458,100460],{"className":53,"code":100459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100461,100462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100463,100464,100467,100469,100471,100473,100476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100465,100466],{"class":66},"set1",[60,100468,117],{"class":74},[60,100470,2729],{"class":120},[60,100472,124],{"class":74},[60,100474,100475],{"class":120},"set2",[60,100477,133],{"class":74},[20,100479,100480],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[51,100482,100484],{"className":53,"code":100483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100485,100486],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100487,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100489,100466],{"class":66},[60,100491,117],{"class":74},[60,100493,2729],{"class":120},[60,100495,124],{"class":74},[60,100497,100475],{"class":120},[60,100499,88],{"class":74},[60,100501,100502],{"class":120}," set3",[60,100504,133],{"class":74},[20,100506,100507,100508,100510],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[41,100509,5263],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100512,2127],{},[51,100514,100516],{"className":53,"code":100515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100517,100518,100546,100562,100574,100578,100600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100519,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100521,2471],{"class":66},[60,100523,71],{"class":70},[60,100525,75],{"class":74},[60,100527,358],{"class":357},[60,100529,88],{"class":74},[60,100531,363],{"class":357},[60,100533,88],{"class":74},[60,100535,368],{"class":357},[60,100537,88],{"class":74},[60,100539,373],{"class":357},[60,100541,88],{"class":74},[60,100543,4516],{"class":357},[60,100545,108],{"class":74},[60,100547,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100549,2499],{"class":66},[60,100551,71],{"class":70},[60,100553,75],{"class":74},[60,100555,1303],{"class":357},[60,100557,88],{"class":74},[60,100559,368],{"class":357},[60,100561,108],{"class":74},[60,100563,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100565,83074],{"class":66},[60,100567,71],{"class":70},[60,100569,75],{"class":74},[60,100571,2056],{"class":357},[60,100573,108],{"class":74},[60,100575,100576],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100577,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100579,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,100581,688],{"class":66},[60,100583,71],{"class":70},[60,100585,56773],{"class":66},[60,100587,117],{"class":74},[60,100589,2729],{"class":120},[60,100591,124],{"class":74},[60,100593,1428],{"class":120},[60,100595,88],{"class":74},[60,100597,9588],{"class":120},[60,100599,133],{"class":74},[60,100601,100602,100604,100606,100608],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,100603,140],{"class":139},[60,100605,124],{"class":74},[60,100607,720],{"class":120},[60,100609,133],{"class":74},[20,100611,404],{},[51,100613,100615],{"className":53,"code":100614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100616,100617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100618,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100620,202],{"class":74},[60,100622,358],{"class":357},[60,100624,88],{"class":74},[60,100626,373],{"class":357},[60,100628,108],{"class":74},[20,100630,100631,100632,100634,100635,288,100637,117],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100633,30],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100636,1428],{},[15,100638,1437],{},[44802,100640],{},[46,100642,17310],{"id":17309},[20,100644,100645,100647,100648,117],{},[15,100646,100295],{}," always returns a ",[41,100649,100650],{},"new set",[20,100652,43535],{},[260,100654,100655,100658,100661],{},[263,100656,100657],{},"The return value is a new set",[263,100659,100660],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[263,100662,100663],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100665,2127],{},[51,100667,100669],{"className":53,"code":100668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100670,100671,100687,100707,100711,100729,100733,100743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100672,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100674,2471],{"class":66},[60,100676,71],{"class":70},[60,100678,75],{"class":74},[60,100680,358],{"class":357},[60,100682,88],{"class":74},[60,100684,363],{"class":357},[60,100686,108],{"class":74},[60,100688,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100690,2499],{"class":66},[60,100692,71],{"class":70},[60,100694,75],{"class":74},[60,100696,358],{"class":357},[60,100698,88],{"class":74},[60,100700,363],{"class":357},[60,100702,88],{"class":74},[60,100704,368],{"class":357},[60,100706,108],{"class":74},[60,100708,100709],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100710,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100712,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100714,688],{"class":66},[60,100716,71],{"class":70},[60,100718,56773],{"class":66},[60,100720,117],{"class":74},[60,100722,2729],{"class":120},[60,100724,124],{"class":74},[60,100726,1428],{"class":120},[60,100728,133],{"class":74},[60,100730,100731],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,100732,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100734,100735,100737,100739,100741],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,100736,140],{"class":139},[60,100738,124],{"class":74},[60,100740,720],{"class":120},[60,100742,133],{"class":74},[60,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,100746,140],{"class":139},[60,100748,124],{"class":74},[60,100750,1684],{"class":1683},[60,100752,124],{"class":74},[60,100754,720],{"class":120},[60,100756,1691],{"class":74},[20,100758,404],{},[51,100760,100761],{"className":53,"code":99170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,100762,100763,100769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100764,100765,100767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100766,1718],{"class":1683},[60,100768,8555],{"class":74},[60,100770,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100772,3205],{"class":70},[60,100774,3208],{"class":1984},[60,100776,214],{"class":78},[60,100778,1718],{"class":82},[60,100780,205],{"class":78},[60,100782,3217],{"class":70},[20,100784,100785,100786,18853,100788,100790,100791,100793],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100787,3710],{},[15,100789,3705],{},". In Python, ",[15,100792,3705],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44802,100795],{},[46,100797,839],{"id":838},[20,100799,100800],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[51,100802,100804],{"className":53,"code":100803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100805,100806,100839,100872,100876,100896,100900,100910,100921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100807,100808,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100809,100810],{"class":66},"fruits_a ",[60,100812,71],{"class":70},[60,100814,75],{"class":74},[60,100816,79],{"class":78},[60,100818,495],{"class":82},[60,100820,79],{"class":78},[60,100822,88],{"class":74},[60,100824,91],{"class":78},[60,100826,504],{"class":82},[60,100828,79],{"class":78},[60,100830,88],{"class":74},[60,100832,91],{"class":78},[60,100834,528],{"class":82},[60,100836,79],{"class":78},[60,100838,108],{"class":74},[60,100840,100841,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100842,100843],{"class":66},"fruits_b ",[60,100845,71],{"class":70},[60,100847,75],{"class":74},[60,100849,79],{"class":78},[60,100851,504],{"class":82},[60,100853,79],{"class":78},[60,100855,88],{"class":74},[60,100857,91],{"class":78},[60,100859,528],{"class":82},[60,100861,79],{"class":78},[60,100863,88],{"class":74},[60,100865,91],{"class":78},[60,100867,1084],{"class":82},[60,100869,79],{"class":78},[60,100871,108],{"class":74},[60,100873,100874],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100875,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100877,100878,100880,100882,100885,100887,100889,100891,100894],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,100879,688],{"class":66},[60,100881,71],{"class":70},[60,100883,100884],{"class":66}," fruits_a",[60,100886,117],{"class":74},[60,100888,2729],{"class":120},[60,100890,124],{"class":74},[60,100892,100893],{"class":120},"fruits_b",[60,100895,133],{"class":74},[60,100897,100898],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,100899,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,100901,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,100903,140],{"class":139},[60,100905,124],{"class":74},[60,100907,720],{"class":120},[60,100909,133],{"class":74},[60,100911,100912,100914,100916,100919],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,100913,140],{"class":139},[60,100915,124],{"class":74},[60,100917,100918],{"class":120},"fruits_a",[60,100920,133],{"class":74},[60,100922,100923,100925,100927,100929],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,100924,140],{"class":139},[60,100926,124],{"class":74},[60,100928,100893],{"class":120},[60,100930,133],{"class":74},[20,100932,192],{},[51,100934,100936],{"className":53,"code":100935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100937,100938,100950,100978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100941,202],{"class":74},[60,100943,205],{"class":78},[60,100945,495],{"class":82},[60,100947,205],{"class":78},[60,100949,108],{"class":74},[60,100951,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100953,202],{"class":74},[60,100955,205],{"class":78},[60,100957,504],{"class":82},[60,100959,205],{"class":78},[60,100961,88],{"class":74},[60,100963,214],{"class":78},[60,100965,528],{"class":82},[60,100967,205],{"class":78},[60,100969,88],{"class":74},[60,100971,214],{"class":78},[60,100973,495],{"class":82},[60,100975,205],{"class":78},[60,100977,108],{"class":74},[60,100979,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,100981,202],{"class":74},[60,100983,205],{"class":78},[60,100985,504],{"class":82},[60,100987,205],{"class":78},[60,100989,88],{"class":74},[60,100991,214],{"class":78},[60,100993,528],{"class":82},[60,100995,205],{"class":78},[60,100997,88],{"class":74},[60,100999,214],{"class":78},[60,101001,1084],{"class":82},[60,101003,205],{"class":78},[60,101005,108],{"class":74},[20,101007,11578],{},[260,101009,101010,101015,101020,101026],{},[263,101011,101012,101013],{},"Start with ",[15,101014,100918],{},[263,101016,101017,101018],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101019,100893],{},[263,101021,101022,101023,101025],{},"Only ",[15,101024,57719],{}," remains",[263,101027,101028],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101030,101031],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44802,101033],{},[46,101035,8331,101037,101039],{"id":101036},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101038,100295],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101041,101042,101043,117],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101044,100295],{},[20,101046,101047],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[51,101049,101051],{"className":53,"code":101050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101052,101053,101085,101102,101115,101132,101136,101165],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101056,350],{"class":66},[60,101058,71],{"class":70},[60,101060,75],{"class":74},[60,101062,358],{"class":357},[60,101064,88],{"class":74},[60,101066,363],{"class":357},[60,101068,88],{"class":74},[60,101070,368],{"class":357},[60,101072,88],{"class":74},[60,101074,373],{"class":357},[60,101076,88],{"class":74},[60,101078,4516],{"class":357},[60,101080,88],{"class":74},[60,101082,37527],{"class":357},[60,101084,108],{"class":74},[60,101086,101087,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101088,101089],{"class":66},"group_a ",[60,101091,71],{"class":70},[60,101093,75],{"class":74},[60,101095,1303],{"class":357},[60,101097,88],{"class":74},[60,101099,373],{"class":357},[60,101101,108],{"class":74},[60,101103,101104,101107,101109,101111,101113],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101105,101106],{"class":66},"group_b ",[60,101108,71],{"class":70},[60,101110,75],{"class":74},[60,101112,2056],{"class":357},[60,101114,108],{"class":74},[60,101116,101117,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101118,101119],{"class":66},"group_c ",[60,101121,71],{"class":70},[60,101123,75],{"class":74},[60,101125,80482],{"class":357},[60,101127,88],{"class":74},[60,101129,5905],{"class":357},[60,101131,108],{"class":74},[60,101133,101134],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101135,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101137,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101153,101155,101158,101160,101163],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,101139,688],{"class":66},[60,101141,71],{"class":70},[60,101143,1294],{"class":66},[60,101145,117],{"class":74},[60,101147,2729],{"class":120},[60,101149,124],{"class":74},[60,101151,101152],{"class":120},"group_a",[60,101154,88],{"class":74},[60,101156,101157],{"class":120}," group_b",[60,101159,88],{"class":74},[60,101161,101162],{"class":120}," group_c",[60,101164,133],{"class":74},[60,101166,101167,101169,101171,101173],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,101168,140],{"class":139},[60,101170,124],{"class":74},[60,101172,720],{"class":120},[60,101174,133],{"class":74},[20,101176,404],{},[51,101178,101180],{"className":53,"code":101179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101181,101182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101183,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101185,202],{"class":74},[60,101187,358],{"class":357},[60,101189,88],{"class":74},[60,101191,368],{"class":357},[60,101193,108],{"class":74},[20,101195,101196],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44802,101198],{},[46,101200,101202,474,101204],{"id":101201},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101203,100295],{},[15,101205,101206],{},"difference_update()",[20,101208,101209],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[337,101211,101212],{"id":2729},[15,101213,100295],{},[260,101215,101216,101219],{},[263,101217,101218],{},"Returns a new set",[263,101220,101221],{},"Does not change the original set",[51,101223,101225],{"className":53,"code":101224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101226,101227,101251,101267,101271,101289,101293,101303],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101228,101229,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101230,2471],{"class":66},[60,101232,71],{"class":70},[60,101234,75],{"class":74},[60,101236,358],{"class":357},[60,101238,88],{"class":74},[60,101240,363],{"class":357},[60,101242,88],{"class":74},[60,101244,368],{"class":357},[60,101246,88],{"class":74},[60,101248,373],{"class":357},[60,101250,108],{"class":74},[60,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101254,2499],{"class":66},[60,101256,71],{"class":70},[60,101258,75],{"class":74},[60,101260,389],{"class":357},[60,101262,88],{"class":74},[60,101264,373],{"class":357},[60,101266,108],{"class":74},[60,101268,101269],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101270,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101272,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101274,688],{"class":66},[60,101276,71],{"class":70},[60,101278,56773],{"class":66},[60,101280,117],{"class":74},[60,101282,2729],{"class":120},[60,101284,124],{"class":74},[60,101286,1428],{"class":120},[60,101288,133],{"class":74},[60,101290,101291],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101292,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101294,101295,101297,101299,101301],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,101296,140],{"class":139},[60,101298,124],{"class":74},[60,101300,720],{"class":120},[60,101302,133],{"class":74},[60,101304,101305,101307,101309,101311],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,101306,140],{"class":139},[60,101308,124],{"class":74},[60,101310,30],{"class":120},[60,101312,133],{"class":74},[20,101314,404],{},[51,101316,101318],{"className":53,"code":101317,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101319,101320,101332],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101323,202],{"class":74},[60,101325,358],{"class":357},[60,101327,88],{"class":74},[60,101329,363],{"class":357},[60,101331,108],{"class":74},[60,101333,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101335,202],{"class":74},[60,101337,358],{"class":357},[60,101339,88],{"class":74},[60,101341,363],{"class":357},[60,101343,88],{"class":74},[60,101345,368],{"class":357},[60,101347,88],{"class":74},[60,101349,373],{"class":357},[60,101351,108],{"class":74},[337,101353,101355],{"id":101354},"difference_update",[15,101356,101206],{},[260,101358,101359,101362],{},[263,101360,101361],{},"Changes the original set",[263,101363,96207],{},[51,101365,101367],{"className":53,"code":101366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101368,101369,101393,101409,101413,101427,101431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101372,2471],{"class":66},[60,101374,71],{"class":70},[60,101376,75],{"class":74},[60,101378,358],{"class":357},[60,101380,88],{"class":74},[60,101382,363],{"class":357},[60,101384,88],{"class":74},[60,101386,368],{"class":357},[60,101388,88],{"class":74},[60,101390,373],{"class":357},[60,101392,108],{"class":74},[60,101394,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101396,2499],{"class":66},[60,101398,71],{"class":70},[60,101400,75],{"class":74},[60,101402,389],{"class":357},[60,101404,88],{"class":74},[60,101406,373],{"class":357},[60,101408,108],{"class":74},[60,101410,101411],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101412,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101414,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101416,30],{"class":66},[60,101418,117],{"class":74},[60,101420,101354],{"class":120},[60,101422,124],{"class":74},[60,101424,1428],{"class":120},[60,101426,133],{"class":74},[60,101428,101429],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101430,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101432,101433,101435,101437,101439],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,101434,140],{"class":139},[60,101436,124],{"class":74},[60,101438,30],{"class":120},[60,101440,133],{"class":74},[20,101442,404],{},[51,101444,101445],{"className":53,"code":100388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101446,101447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101450,202],{"class":74},[60,101452,358],{"class":357},[60,101454,88],{"class":74},[60,101456,363],{"class":357},[60,101458,108],{"class":74},[20,101460,243,101461,101463],{},[15,101462,100295],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101465,101466,101467,33485],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101468,101206],{},[44802,101470],{},[46,101472,101474,101476,101477,101479],{"id":101473},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101475,100295],{}," vs the ",[15,101478,1942],{}," operator",[20,101481,1900,101482,101484,101485,101487],{},[15,101483,1942],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101486,100295],{}," for two sets.",[51,101489,101491],{"className":53,"code":101490,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101492,101493,101517,101533,101537,101555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101496,2471],{"class":66},[60,101498,71],{"class":70},[60,101500,75],{"class":74},[60,101502,358],{"class":357},[60,101504,88],{"class":74},[60,101506,363],{"class":357},[60,101508,88],{"class":74},[60,101510,368],{"class":357},[60,101512,88],{"class":74},[60,101514,373],{"class":357},[60,101516,108],{"class":74},[60,101518,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101520,2499],{"class":66},[60,101522,71],{"class":70},[60,101524,75],{"class":74},[60,101526,389],{"class":357},[60,101528,88],{"class":74},[60,101530,373],{"class":357},[60,101532,108],{"class":74},[60,101534,101535],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101536,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101538,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101540,140],{"class":139},[60,101542,124],{"class":74},[60,101544,30],{"class":120},[60,101546,117],{"class":74},[60,101548,2729],{"class":120},[60,101550,124],{"class":74},[60,101552,1428],{"class":120},[60,101554,1691],{"class":74},[60,101556,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101558,140],{"class":139},[60,101560,124],{"class":74},[60,101562,2471],{"class":120},[60,101564,1942],{"class":70},[60,101566,2476],{"class":120},[60,101568,133],{"class":74},[20,101570,404],{},[51,101572,101574],{"className":53,"code":101573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101575,101576,101588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101577,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101579,202],{"class":74},[60,101581,358],{"class":357},[60,101583,88],{"class":74},[60,101585,363],{"class":357},[60,101587,108],{"class":74},[60,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101591,202],{"class":74},[60,101593,358],{"class":357},[60,101595,88],{"class":74},[60,101597,363],{"class":357},[60,101599,108],{"class":74},[20,101601,101602],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101604,94479,101605,1779],{},[15,101606,100295],{},[260,101608,101609,101612,101615],{},[263,101610,101611],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[263,101613,101614],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[263,101616,101617],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101619,101620],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[51,101622,101624],{"className":53,"code":101623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101625,101626,101654,101666,101678,101682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101629,2471],{"class":66},[60,101631,71],{"class":70},[60,101633,75],{"class":74},[60,101635,358],{"class":357},[60,101637,88],{"class":74},[60,101639,363],{"class":357},[60,101641,88],{"class":74},[60,101643,368],{"class":357},[60,101645,88],{"class":74},[60,101647,373],{"class":357},[60,101649,88],{"class":74},[60,101651,4516],{"class":357},[60,101653,108],{"class":74},[60,101655,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101657,2499],{"class":66},[60,101659,71],{"class":70},[60,101661,75],{"class":74},[60,101663,1303],{"class":357},[60,101665,108],{"class":74},[60,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101669,83074],{"class":66},[60,101671,71],{"class":70},[60,101673,75],{"class":74},[60,101675,2421],{"class":357},[60,101677,108],{"class":74},[60,101679,101680],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101681,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101683,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101685,140],{"class":139},[60,101687,124],{"class":74},[60,101689,30],{"class":120},[60,101691,117],{"class":74},[60,101693,2729],{"class":120},[60,101695,124],{"class":74},[60,101697,1428],{"class":120},[60,101699,88],{"class":74},[60,101701,9588],{"class":120},[60,101703,1691],{"class":74},[20,101705,404],{},[51,101707,101709],{"className":53,"code":101708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101710,101711],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101714,202],{"class":74},[60,101716,358],{"class":357},[60,101718,88],{"class":74},[60,101720,368],{"class":357},[60,101722,88],{"class":74},[60,101724,4516],{"class":357},[60,101726,108],{"class":74},[20,101728,101729,101730,101732],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101731,1942],{}," operator expression.",[44802,101734],{},[46,101736,4430],{"id":4429},[20,101738,21100,101739,117],{},[15,101740,100295],{},[337,101742,101744],{"id":101743},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101746,4539,101747,101749,101750,258],{},[41,101748,43],{}," change ",[15,101751,30],{},[51,101753,101755],{"className":53,"code":101754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101756,101757,101777,101789,101793,101807],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101760,2471],{"class":66},[60,101762,71],{"class":70},[60,101764,75],{"class":74},[60,101766,358],{"class":357},[60,101768,88],{"class":74},[60,101770,363],{"class":357},[60,101772,88],{"class":74},[60,101774,368],{"class":357},[60,101776,108],{"class":74},[60,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101780,2499],{"class":66},[60,101782,71],{"class":70},[60,101784,75],{"class":74},[60,101786,389],{"class":357},[60,101788,108],{"class":74},[60,101790,101791],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101792,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101794,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101796,30],{"class":66},[60,101798,117],{"class":74},[60,101800,2729],{"class":120},[60,101802,124],{"class":74},[60,101804,1428],{"class":120},[60,101806,133],{"class":74},[60,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101810,140],{"class":139},[60,101812,124],{"class":74},[60,101814,30],{"class":120},[60,101816,133],{"class":74},[20,101818,404],{},[51,101820,101821],{"className":53,"code":96495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101822,101823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101824,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101826,202],{"class":74},[60,101828,358],{"class":357},[60,101830,88],{"class":74},[60,101832,363],{"class":357},[60,101834,88],{"class":74},[60,101836,368],{"class":357},[60,101838,108],{"class":74},[20,101840,101841],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[51,101843,101845],{"className":53,"code":101844,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101846,101847,101867,101879,101883,101901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101850,2471],{"class":66},[60,101852,71],{"class":70},[60,101854,75],{"class":74},[60,101856,358],{"class":357},[60,101858,88],{"class":74},[60,101860,363],{"class":357},[60,101862,88],{"class":74},[60,101864,368],{"class":357},[60,101866,108],{"class":74},[60,101868,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101870,2499],{"class":66},[60,101872,71],{"class":70},[60,101874,75],{"class":74},[60,101876,389],{"class":357},[60,101878,108],{"class":74},[60,101880,101881],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,101882,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,101884,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,101886,2471],{"class":66},[60,101888,71],{"class":70},[60,101890,56773],{"class":66},[60,101892,117],{"class":74},[60,101894,2729],{"class":120},[60,101896,124],{"class":74},[60,101898,1428],{"class":120},[60,101900,133],{"class":74},[60,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,101904,140],{"class":139},[60,101906,124],{"class":74},[60,101908,30],{"class":120},[60,101910,133],{"class":74},[20,101912,404],{},[51,101914,101915],{"className":53,"code":100388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101916,101917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101918,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101920,202],{"class":74},[60,101922,358],{"class":357},[60,101924,88],{"class":74},[60,101926,363],{"class":357},[60,101928,108],{"class":74},[337,101930,101932],{"id":101931},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101934,101935,101938],{},[15,101936,101937],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[260,101940,101941,101946],{},[263,101942,101943,101944],{},"keep items from ",[15,101945,30],{},[263,101947,101948,101949],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101950,1428],{},[20,101952,40790,101953,101955,101956,101958],{},[41,101954,43],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101957,1428],{},"”.",[20,101960,2127],{},[51,101962,101964],{"className":53,"code":101963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101965,101966,101986,102006,102010,102028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101967,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101969,2471],{"class":66},[60,101971,71],{"class":70},[60,101973,75],{"class":74},[60,101975,358],{"class":357},[60,101977,88],{"class":74},[60,101979,363],{"class":357},[60,101981,88],{"class":74},[60,101983,368],{"class":357},[60,101985,108],{"class":74},[60,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101989,2499],{"class":66},[60,101991,71],{"class":70},[60,101993,75],{"class":74},[60,101995,389],{"class":357},[60,101997,88],{"class":74},[60,101999,373],{"class":357},[60,102001,88],{"class":74},[60,102003,4516],{"class":357},[60,102005,108],{"class":74},[60,102007,102008],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102009,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102011,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102013,140],{"class":139},[60,102015,124],{"class":74},[60,102017,30],{"class":120},[60,102019,117],{"class":74},[60,102021,2729],{"class":120},[60,102023,124],{"class":74},[60,102025,1428],{"class":120},[60,102027,1691],{"class":74},[60,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,102031,140],{"class":139},[60,102033,124],{"class":74},[60,102035,1428],{"class":120},[60,102037,117],{"class":74},[60,102039,2729],{"class":120},[60,102041,124],{"class":74},[60,102043,30],{"class":120},[60,102045,1691],{"class":74},[20,102047,404],{},[51,102049,102051],{"className":53,"code":102050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102052,102053,102065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102054,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102056,202],{"class":74},[60,102058,358],{"class":357},[60,102060,88],{"class":74},[60,102062,363],{"class":357},[60,102064,108],{"class":74},[60,102066,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102068,202],{"class":74},[60,102070,2421],{"class":357},[60,102072,88],{"class":74},[60,102074,4516],{"class":357},[60,102076,108],{"class":74},[20,102078,102079],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[337,102081,102083],{"id":102082},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102085,102086,1495],{},[15,102087,100295],{},[20,102089,55205],{},[51,102091,102093],{"className":53,"code":102092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102094,102095,102115,102131,102135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102096,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102098,2471],{"class":66},[60,102100,71],{"class":70},[60,102102,1512],{"class":74},[60,102104,358],{"class":357},[60,102106,88],{"class":74},[60,102108,363],{"class":357},[60,102110,88],{"class":74},[60,102112,368],{"class":357},[60,102114,1525],{"class":74},[60,102116,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102118,2499],{"class":66},[60,102120,71],{"class":70},[60,102122,1512],{"class":74},[60,102124,389],{"class":357},[60,102126,88],{"class":74},[60,102128,373],{"class":357},[60,102130,1525],{"class":74},[60,102132,102133],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102134,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102136,102137],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102138,102139],{"class":177},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102141,102142],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[51,102144,102146],{"className":53,"code":102145,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102147,102148,102168,102184,102188,102214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102149,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102151,2471],{"class":66},[60,102153,71],{"class":70},[60,102155,1512],{"class":74},[60,102157,358],{"class":357},[60,102159,88],{"class":74},[60,102161,363],{"class":357},[60,102163,88],{"class":74},[60,102165,368],{"class":357},[60,102167,1525],{"class":74},[60,102169,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102171,2499],{"class":66},[60,102173,71],{"class":70},[60,102175,1512],{"class":74},[60,102177,389],{"class":357},[60,102179,88],{"class":74},[60,102181,373],{"class":357},[60,102183,1525],{"class":74},[60,102185,102186],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102187,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102191,688],{"class":66},[60,102193,71],{"class":70},[60,102195,15525],{"class":1683},[60,102197,124],{"class":74},[60,102199,30],{"class":120},[60,102201,8543],{"class":74},[60,102203,2729],{"class":120},[60,102205,124],{"class":74},[60,102207,1718],{"class":1683},[60,102209,124],{"class":74},[60,102211,1428],{"class":120},[60,102213,1691],{"class":74},[60,102215,102216,102218,102220,102222],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,102217,140],{"class":139},[60,102219,124],{"class":74},[60,102221,720],{"class":120},[60,102223,133],{"class":74},[20,102225,404],{},[51,102227,102228],{"className":53,"code":100388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,102229,102230],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102231,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102233,202],{"class":74},[60,102235,358],{"class":357},[60,102237,88],{"class":74},[60,102239,363],{"class":357},[60,102241,108],{"class":74},[337,102243,102245],{"id":102244},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102247,102248],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[51,102250,102252],{"className":53,"code":102251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102253,102254,102286,102302,102306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102257,2471],{"class":66},[60,102259,71],{"class":70},[60,102261,75],{"class":74},[60,102263,79],{"class":78},[60,102265,36931],{"class":82},[60,102267,79],{"class":78},[60,102269,88],{"class":74},[60,102271,91],{"class":78},[60,102273,58013],{"class":82},[60,102275,79],{"class":78},[60,102277,88],{"class":74},[60,102279,91],{"class":78},[60,102281,58030],{"class":82},[60,102283,79],{"class":78},[60,102285,108],{"class":74},[60,102287,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102289,2499],{"class":66},[60,102291,71],{"class":70},[60,102293,75],{"class":74},[60,102295,79],{"class":78},[60,102297,58013],{"class":82},[60,102299,79],{"class":78},[60,102301,108],{"class":74},[60,102303,102304],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102305,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102307,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102309,140],{"class":139},[60,102311,124],{"class":74},[60,102313,30],{"class":120},[60,102315,117],{"class":74},[60,102317,2729],{"class":120},[60,102319,124],{"class":74},[60,102321,1428],{"class":120},[60,102323,1691],{"class":74},[20,102325,102326],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[337,102328,102330],{"id":102329},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102332,102333],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[51,102335,102337],{"className":53,"code":102336,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102338,102339,102367,102379,102383,102393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102342,2471],{"class":66},[60,102344,71],{"class":70},[60,102346,75],{"class":74},[60,102348,358],{"class":357},[60,102350,88],{"class":74},[60,102352,5408],{"class":357},[60,102354,88],{"class":74},[60,102356,363],{"class":357},[60,102358,88],{"class":74},[60,102360,363],{"class":357},[60,102362,88],{"class":74},[60,102364,368],{"class":357},[60,102366,108],{"class":74},[60,102368,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102370,2499],{"class":66},[60,102372,71],{"class":70},[60,102374,75],{"class":74},[60,102376,389],{"class":357},[60,102378,108],{"class":74},[60,102380,102381],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102382,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102384,102385,102387,102389,102391],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102386,140],{"class":139},[60,102388,124],{"class":74},[60,102390,30],{"class":120},[60,102392,133],{"class":74},[60,102394,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,102396,140],{"class":139},[60,102398,124],{"class":74},[60,102400,30],{"class":120},[60,102402,117],{"class":74},[60,102404,2729],{"class":120},[60,102406,124],{"class":74},[60,102408,1428],{"class":120},[60,102410,1691],{"class":74},[20,102412,404],{},[51,102414,102416],{"className":53,"code":102415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102417,102418,102434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102419,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102421,202],{"class":74},[60,102423,358],{"class":357},[60,102425,88],{"class":74},[60,102427,363],{"class":357},[60,102429,88],{"class":74},[60,102431,368],{"class":357},[60,102433,108],{"class":74},[60,102435,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102437,202],{"class":74},[60,102439,358],{"class":357},[60,102441,88],{"class":74},[60,102443,363],{"class":357},[60,102445,108],{"class":74},[20,102447,102448,102449,102451],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102450,100295],{}," runs.",[337,102453,102455],{"id":102454},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102457,102458],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[51,102460,102462],{"className":53,"code":102461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102463,102464,102488,102508,102512,102522,102532,102550,102572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102465,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102467,2471],{"class":66},[60,102469,71],{"class":70},[60,102471,75],{"class":74},[60,102473,358],{"class":357},[60,102475,88],{"class":74},[60,102477,363],{"class":357},[60,102479,88],{"class":74},[60,102481,368],{"class":357},[60,102483,88],{"class":74},[60,102485,373],{"class":357},[60,102487,108],{"class":74},[60,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102491,2499],{"class":66},[60,102493,71],{"class":70},[60,102495,75],{"class":74},[60,102497,389],{"class":357},[60,102499,88],{"class":74},[60,102501,373],{"class":357},[60,102503,88],{"class":74},[60,102505,4516],{"class":357},[60,102507,108],{"class":74},[60,102509,102510],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,102511,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,102515,140],{"class":139},[60,102517,124],{"class":74},[60,102519,30],{"class":120},[60,102521,133],{"class":74},[60,102523,102524,102526,102528,102530],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,102525,140],{"class":139},[60,102527,124],{"class":74},[60,102529,1428],{"class":120},[60,102531,133],{"class":74},[60,102533,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,102535,140],{"class":139},[60,102537,124],{"class":74},[60,102539,30],{"class":120},[60,102541,117],{"class":74},[60,102543,2729],{"class":120},[60,102545,124],{"class":74},[60,102547,1428],{"class":120},[60,102549,1691],{"class":74},[60,102551,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,102553,140],{"class":139},[60,102555,124],{"class":74},[60,102557,1684],{"class":1683},[60,102559,124],{"class":74},[60,102561,30],{"class":120},[60,102563,117],{"class":74},[60,102565,2729],{"class":120},[60,102567,124],{"class":74},[60,102569,1428],{"class":120},[60,102571,2827],{"class":74},[60,102573,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,102575,140],{"class":139},[60,102577,124],{"class":74},[60,102579,11064],{"class":139},[60,102581,124],{"class":74},[60,102583,30],{"class":120},[60,102585,117],{"class":74},[60,102587,2729],{"class":120},[60,102589,124],{"class":74},[60,102591,1428],{"class":120},[60,102593,2827],{"class":74},[20,102595,1728],{},[260,102597,102598,102601,102604,102607],{},[263,102599,102600],{},"what is in each set",[263,102602,102603],{},"what result Python creates",[263,102605,102606],{},"that the result is a set",[263,102608,102609],{},"how many items remain",[44802,102611],{},[46,102613,1746],{"id":1745},[337,102615,12599,102617,102619],{"id":102616},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102618,100295],{}," change the original set?",[20,102621,102622],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[337,102624,1773,102626,1776,102628,1779],{"id":102625},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102627,100295],{},[15,102629,101206],{},[20,102631,102632,102634,102635,102637],{},[15,102633,100295],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102636,101206],{}," modifies the original set.",[337,102639,1795,102641,102643],{"id":102640},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102642,100295],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102645,102646],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[337,102648,102650],{"id":102649},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102652,102653],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44802,102655],{},[46,102657,1808],{"id":1807},[260,102659,102660,102664,102672],{},[263,102661,102662],{},[30,102663,96216],{"href":97385},[263,102665,102666],{},[30,102667,1815,102669,1818],{"href":102668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102670,102671],{},"intersection()",[263,102673,102674],{},[30,102675,1815,102677,1818],{"href":102676},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102678,102679],{},"union()",[1841,102681,102682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":102684},[102685,102686,102688,102689,102690,102691,102693,102698,102700,102708,102717],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":100417,"depth":111,"text":102687},"What difference() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":101036,"depth":111,"text":102692},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101201,"depth":111,"text":102694,"children":102695},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102696,102697],{"id":2729,"depth":136,"text":100295},{"id":101354,"depth":136,"text":101206},{"id":101473,"depth":111,"text":102699},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":102701},[102702,102703,102704,102705,102706,102707],{"id":101743,"depth":136,"text":101744},{"id":101931,"depth":136,"text":101932},{"id":102082,"depth":136,"text":102083},{"id":102244,"depth":136,"text":102245},{"id":102329,"depth":136,"text":102330},{"id":102454,"depth":136,"text":102455},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":102709},[102710,102712,102714,102716],{"id":102616,"depth":136,"text":102711},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102625,"depth":136,"text":102713},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102640,"depth":136,"text":102715},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102649,"depth":136,"text":102650},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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ion":1883,"meta":106309,"navigation":152,"path":106310,"seo":106311,"stem":106312,"__hash__":106313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104303,"toc":106266},[104304,104307,104315,104320,104331,104333,104388,104392,104412,104417,104421,104426,104428,104442,104444,104519,104521,104554,104559,104564,104566,104568,104583,104586,104594,104599,104614,104616,104705,104707,104796,104802,104806,104808,104846,104848,104872,104875,104890,104892,104947,104949,104982,104984,104989,104993,104997,105002,105067,105069,105089,105095,105099,105156,105158,105179,105183,105188,105233,105235,105268,105271,105275,105308,105310,105339,105343,105347,105350,105352,105371,105373,105419,105424,105438,105440,105471,105476,105479,105523,105525,105553,105557,105561,105577,105580,105645,105647,105659,105662,105666,105669,105674,105702,105704,105722,105728,105767,105769,105787,105793,105822,105824,105842,105845,105862,105864,105869,105873,105876,105902,105909,105914,105929,105938,105942,105945,105976,105982,105985,105994,105997,105999,106001,106059,106062,106087,106089,106093,106096,106100,106108,106112,106115,106119,106122,106124,106147,106149,106190,106197,106205,106208,106239,106241,106263],[10,104305,104301],{"id":104306},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104308,9032,104309,104311,104312,117],{},[15,104310,3710],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[41,104313,104314],{},"unique values only",[20,104316,35291,104317,104319],{},[15,104318,3710],{}," to:",[260,104321,104322,104325,104328],{},[263,104323,104324],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[263,104326,104327],{},"check whether a value exists",[263,104329,104330],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[46,104332,49],{"id":48},[51,104334,104336],{"className":53,"code":104335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104337,104338,104362,104377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104341,350],{"class":66},[60,104343,71],{"class":70},[60,104345,1512],{"class":74},[60,104347,358],{"class":357},[60,104349,88],{"class":74},[60,104351,363],{"class":357},[60,104353,88],{"class":74},[60,104355,363],{"class":357},[60,104357,88],{"class":74},[60,104359,368],{"class":357},[60,104361,1525],{"class":74},[60,104363,104364,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104365,104366],{"class":66},"unique_numbers ",[60,104368,71],{"class":70},[60,104370,15525],{"class":1683},[60,104372,124],{"class":74},[60,104374,380],{"class":120},[60,104376,133],{"class":74},[60,104378,104379,104381,104383,104386],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104380,140],{"class":139},[60,104382,124],{"class":74},[60,104384,104385],{"class":120},"unique_numbers",[60,104387,133],{"class":74},[20,104389,104390],{},[41,104391,404],{},[51,104393,104394],{"className":53,"code":96495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104395,104396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104397,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104399,202],{"class":74},[60,104401,358],{"class":357},[60,104403,88],{"class":74},[60,104405,363],{"class":357},[60,104407,88],{"class":74},[60,104409,368],{"class":357},[60,104411,108],{"class":74},[20,104413,243,104414,104416],{},[15,104415,3710],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[46,104418,104420],{"id":104419},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104422,104423,104425],{},[15,104424,3710],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104427,30425],{},[260,104429,104430,104433,104436,104439],{},[263,104431,104432],{},"A set stores unique items only",[263,104434,104435],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[263,104437,104438],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[263,104440,104441],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104443,2127],{},[51,104445,104447],{"className":53,"code":104446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104448,104449,104489,104504,104508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104450,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104452,67],{"class":66},[60,104454,71],{"class":70},[60,104456,1512],{"class":74},[60,104458,79],{"class":78},[60,104460,83],{"class":82},[60,104462,79],{"class":78},[60,104464,88],{"class":74},[60,104466,91],{"class":78},[60,104468,94],{"class":82},[60,104470,79],{"class":78},[60,104472,88],{"class":74},[60,104474,91],{"class":78},[60,104476,83],{"class":82},[60,104478,79],{"class":78},[60,104480,88],{"class":74},[60,104482,91],{"class":78},[60,104484,103],{"class":82},[60,104486,79],{"class":78},[60,104488,1525],{"class":74},[60,104490,104491,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104492,104493],{"class":66},"unique_colors ",[60,104495,71],{"class":70},[60,104497,15525],{"class":1683},[60,104499,124],{"class":74},[60,104501,114],{"class":120},[60,104503,133],{"class":74},[60,104505,104506],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104507,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,104509,104510,104512,104514,104517],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,104511,140],{"class":139},[60,104513,124],{"class":74},[60,104515,104516],{"class":120},"unique_colors",[60,104518,133],{"class":74},[20,104520,192],{},[51,104522,104524],{"className":53,"code":104523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104525,104526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104527,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104529,202],{"class":74},[60,104531,205],{"class":78},[60,104533,94],{"class":82},[60,104535,205],{"class":78},[60,104537,88],{"class":74},[60,104539,214],{"class":78},[60,104541,103],{"class":82},[60,104543,205],{"class":78},[60,104545,88],{"class":74},[60,104547,214],{"class":78},[60,104549,83],{"class":82},[60,104551,205],{"class":78},[60,104553,108],{"class":74},[20,104555,2205,104556,104558],{},[15,104557,65280],{}," appears only once.",[20,104560,104561,104562,117],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[30,104563,96216],{"href":96215},[46,104565,296],{"id":295},[20,104567,2079],{},[51,104569,104571],{"className":53,"code":104570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104572,104573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104574,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104576,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104578,124],{"class":74},[60,104580,3634],{"class":120},[60,104582,133],{"class":74},[20,104584,104585],{},"The argument is optional.",[260,104587,104588,104591],{},[263,104589,104590],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[263,104592,104593],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104595,104596,104597,258],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104598,3710],{},[260,104600,104601,104603,104605,104607,104611],{},[263,104602,8006],{},[263,104604,48838],{},[263,104606,61061],{},[263,104608,104609],{},[15,104610,36083],{},[263,104612,104613],{},"another set",[20,104615,2045],{},[51,104617,104619],{"className":53,"code":104618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104620,104621,104647,104669,104687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104622,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104624,140],{"class":139},[60,104626,124],{"class":74},[60,104628,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104630,1641],{"class":74},[60,104632,358],{"class":357},[60,104634,88],{"class":74},[60,104636,363],{"class":357},[60,104638,88],{"class":74},[60,104640,363],{"class":357},[60,104642,88],{"class":74},[60,104644,368],{"class":357},[60,104646,2913],{"class":74},[60,104648,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104650,140],{"class":139},[60,104652,124],{"class":74},[60,104654,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104656,5421],{"class":74},[60,104658,2250],{"class":357},[60,104660,88],{"class":74},[60,104662,7702],{"class":357},[60,104664,88],{"class":74},[60,104666,5916],{"class":357},[60,104668,2827],{"class":74},[60,104670,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104672,140],{"class":139},[60,104674,124],{"class":74},[60,104676,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104678,124],{"class":74},[60,104680,79],{"class":78},[60,104682,3759],{"class":82},[60,104684,79],{"class":78},[60,104686,1691],{"class":74},[60,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,104690,140],{"class":139},[60,104692,124],{"class":74},[60,104694,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104696,124],{"class":74},[60,104698,59885],{"class":139},[60,104700,124],{"class":74},[60,104702,2421],{"class":357},[60,104704,2827],{"class":74},[20,104706,192],{},[51,104708,104710],{"className":53,"code":104709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104711,104712,104728,104740,104776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104713,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104715,202],{"class":74},[60,104717,358],{"class":357},[60,104719,88],{"class":74},[60,104721,363],{"class":357},[60,104723,88],{"class":74},[60,104725,368],{"class":357},[60,104727,108],{"class":74},[60,104729,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104731,202],{"class":74},[60,104733,2250],{"class":357},[60,104735,88],{"class":74},[60,104737,7702],{"class":357},[60,104739,108],{"class":74},[60,104741,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104743,202],{"class":74},[60,104745,205],{"class":78},[60,104747,60325],{"class":82},[60,104749,205],{"class":78},[60,104751,88],{"class":74},[60,104753,214],{"class":78},[60,104755,60334],{"class":82},[60,104757,205],{"class":78},[60,104759,88],{"class":74},[60,104761,214],{"class":78},[60,104763,60343],{"class":82},[60,104765,205],{"class":78},[60,104767,88],{"class":74},[60,104769,214],{"class":78},[60,104771,60360],{"class":82},[60,104773,205],{"class":78},[60,104775,108],{"class":74},[60,104777,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,104779,202],{"class":74},[60,104781,2039],{"class":357},[60,104783,88],{"class":74},[60,104785,5408],{"class":357},[60,104787,88],{"class":74},[60,104789,363],{"class":357},[60,104791,88],{"class":74},[60,104793,368],{"class":357},[60,104795,108],{"class":74},[20,104797,104798,104799,117],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[30,104800,104801],{"href":64735},"Python list() function explained",[46,104803,104805],{"id":104804},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104807,98163],{},[51,104809,104810],{"className":53,"code":99127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104811,104812,104822,104832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104813,104814,104816,104818,104820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104815,98173],{"class":66},[60,104817,71],{"class":70},[60,104819,15525],{"class":1683},[60,104821,8555],{"class":74},[60,104823,104824,104826,104828,104830],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104825,140],{"class":139},[60,104827,124],{"class":74},[60,104829,98192],{"class":120},[60,104831,133],{"class":74},[60,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104835,140],{"class":139},[60,104837,124],{"class":74},[60,104839,1684],{"class":1683},[60,104841,124],{"class":74},[60,104843,98192],{"class":120},[60,104845,1691],{"class":74},[20,104847,404],{},[51,104849,104850],{"className":53,"code":99170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104851,104852,104858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104853,104854,104856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104855,1718],{"class":1683},[60,104857,8555],{"class":74},[60,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104861,3205],{"class":70},[60,104863,3208],{"class":1984},[60,104865,214],{"class":78},[60,104867,1718],{"class":82},[60,104869,205],{"class":78},[60,104871,3217],{"class":70},[20,104873,104874],{},"This is important because:",[260,104876,104877,104882],{},[263,104878,104879,104881],{},[15,104880,3710],{}," creates an empty set",[263,104883,104884,104886,104887,104889],{},[15,104885,3705],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[41,104888,43],{}," a set",[20,104891,2127],{},[51,104893,104895],{"className":53,"code":104894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104896,104897,104907,104915,104919,104933],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104898,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104900,2471],{"class":66},[60,104902,71],{"class":70},[60,104904,15525],{"class":1683},[60,104906,8555],{"class":74},[60,104908,104909,104911,104913],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104910,2499],{"class":66},[60,104912,71],{"class":70},[60,104914,9744],{"class":74},[60,104916,104917],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,104918,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,104920,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,104922,140],{"class":139},[60,104924,124],{"class":74},[60,104926,1684],{"class":1683},[60,104928,124],{"class":74},[60,104930,30],{"class":120},[60,104932,1691],{"class":74},[60,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,104936,140],{"class":139},[60,104938,124],{"class":74},[60,104940,1684],{"class":1683},[60,104942,124],{"class":74},[60,104944,1428],{"class":120},[60,104946,1691],{"class":74},[20,104948,404],{},[51,104950,104952],{"className":53,"code":104951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104953,104954,104968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104955,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104957,3205],{"class":70},[60,104959,3208],{"class":1984},[60,104961,214],{"class":78},[60,104963,1718],{"class":82},[60,104965,205],{"class":78},[60,104967,3217],{"class":70},[60,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104971,3205],{"class":70},[60,104973,3208],{"class":1984},[60,104975,214],{"class":78},[60,104977,8733],{"class":82},[60,104979,205],{"class":78},[60,104981,3217],{"class":70},[20,104983,13940],{},[20,104985,104986,104987,117],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[30,104988,1829],{"href":96219},[46,104990,104992],{"id":104991},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[337,104994,104996],{"id":104995},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104998,104999,105000,117],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105001,3710],{},[51,105003,105005],{"className":53,"code":105004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105006,105007,105039,105053,105057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105008,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105010,350],{"class":66},[60,105012,71],{"class":70},[60,105014,1512],{"class":74},[60,105016,358],{"class":357},[60,105018,88],{"class":74},[60,105020,363],{"class":357},[60,105022,88],{"class":74},[60,105024,363],{"class":357},[60,105026,88],{"class":74},[60,105028,368],{"class":357},[60,105030,88],{"class":74},[60,105032,368],{"class":357},[60,105034,88],{"class":74},[60,105036,368],{"class":357},[60,105038,1525],{"class":74},[60,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105042,688],{"class":66},[60,105044,71],{"class":70},[60,105046,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105048,124],{"class":74},[60,105050,380],{"class":120},[60,105052,133],{"class":74},[60,105054,105055],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,105056,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,105060,140],{"class":139},[60,105062,124],{"class":74},[60,105064,720],{"class":120},[60,105066,133],{"class":74},[20,105068,404],{},[51,105070,105071],{"className":53,"code":96495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105072,105073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105074,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105076,202],{"class":74},[60,105078,358],{"class":357},[60,105080,88],{"class":74},[60,105082,363],{"class":357},[60,105084,88],{"class":74},[60,105086,368],{"class":357},[60,105088,108],{"class":74},[20,105090,105091,105092,117],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[30,105093,98960],{"href":105094},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[337,105096,105098],{"id":105097},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[51,105100,105102],{"className":53,"code":105101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105103,105104,105128,105142,105146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105107,3736],{"class":66},[60,105109,71],{"class":70},[60,105111,9144],{"class":74},[60,105113,2056],{"class":357},[60,105115,88],{"class":74},[60,105117,4516],{"class":357},[60,105119,88],{"class":74},[60,105121,5916],{"class":357},[60,105123,88],{"class":74},[60,105125,37820],{"class":357},[60,105127,133],{"class":74},[60,105129,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105131,688],{"class":66},[60,105133,71],{"class":70},[60,105135,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105137,124],{"class":74},[60,105139,5268],{"class":120},[60,105141,133],{"class":74},[60,105143,105144],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,105145,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,105147,105148,105150,105152,105154],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,105149,140],{"class":139},[60,105151,124],{"class":74},[60,105153,720],{"class":120},[60,105155,133],{"class":74},[20,105157,404],{},[51,105159,105161],{"className":53,"code":105160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105162,105163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105164,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105166,202],{"class":74},[60,105168,2056],{"class":357},[60,105170,88],{"class":74},[60,105172,5916],{"class":357},[60,105174,88],{"class":74},[60,105176,37820],{"class":357},[60,105178,108],{"class":74},[337,105180,105182],{"id":105181},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105184,51013,105185,105187],{},[15,105186,3710],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[51,105189,105191],{"className":53,"code":105190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105192,105193,105205,105219,105223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105194,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105196,34573],{"class":66},[60,105198,71],{"class":70},[60,105200,91],{"class":78},[60,105202,504],{"class":82},[60,105204,3273],{"class":78},[60,105206,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105208,688],{"class":66},[60,105210,71],{"class":70},[60,105212,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105214,124],{"class":74},[60,105216,34594],{"class":120},[60,105218,133],{"class":74},[60,105220,105221],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,105222,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,105226,140],{"class":139},[60,105228,124],{"class":74},[60,105230,720],{"class":120},[60,105232,133],{"class":74},[20,105234,192],{},[51,105236,105238],{"className":53,"code":105237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105239,105240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105241,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105243,202],{"class":74},[60,105245,205],{"class":78},[60,105247,1428],{"class":82},[60,105249,205],{"class":78},[60,105251,88],{"class":74},[60,105253,214],{"class":78},[60,105255,30],{"class":82},[60,105257,205],{"class":78},[60,105259,88],{"class":74},[60,105261,214],{"class":78},[60,105263,75918],{"class":82},[60,105265,205],{"class":78},[60,105267,108],{"class":74},[20,105269,105270],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[337,105272,105274],{"id":105273},"from-range","From range()",[51,105276,105278],{"className":53,"code":105277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105279,105280,105298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105281,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105283,688],{"class":66},[60,105285,71],{"class":70},[60,105287,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105289,124],{"class":74},[60,105291,59885],{"class":139},[60,105293,124],{"class":74},[60,105295,2056],{"class":357},[60,105297,1691],{"class":74},[60,105299,105300,105302,105304,105306],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105301,140],{"class":139},[60,105303,124],{"class":74},[60,105305,720],{"class":120},[60,105307,133],{"class":74},[20,105309,404],{},[51,105311,105313],{"className":53,"code":105312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105314,105315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105316,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105318,202],{"class":74},[60,105320,2039],{"class":357},[60,105322,88],{"class":74},[60,105324,5408],{"class":357},[60,105326,88],{"class":74},[60,105328,363],{"class":357},[60,105330,88],{"class":74},[60,105332,368],{"class":357},[60,105334,88],{"class":74},[60,105336,373],{"class":357},[60,105338,108],{"class":74},[46,105340,105342],{"id":105341},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105344,99407,105345,117],{},[41,105346,96259],{},[20,105348,105349],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105351,99413],{},[260,105353,105354,105358,105362,105366],{},[263,105355,105356],{},[15,105357,2108],{},[263,105359,105360],{},[15,105361,3358],{},[263,105363,105364],{},[15,105365,2111],{},[263,105367,105368,105370],{},[15,105369,48838],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105372,2127],{},[51,105374,105376],{"className":53,"code":105375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105377,105378,105409],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105379,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105381,486],{"class":66},[60,105383,71],{"class":70},[60,105385,75],{"class":74},[60,105387,358],{"class":357},[60,105389,88],{"class":74},[60,105391,91],{"class":78},[60,105393,3759],{"class":82},[60,105395,79],{"class":78},[60,105397,88],{"class":74},[60,105399,9144],{"class":74},[60,105401,2250],{"class":357},[60,105403,88],{"class":74},[60,105405,7702],{"class":357},[60,105407,105408],{"class":74},")}\n",[60,105410,105411,105413,105415,105417],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105412,140],{"class":139},[60,105414,124],{"class":74},[60,105416,517],{"class":120},[60,105418,133],{"class":74},[20,105420,99475,105421,105423],{},[41,105422,43],{}," work inside a set:",[260,105425,105426,105430,105434],{},[263,105427,105428],{},[15,105429,8006],{},[263,105431,105432],{},[15,105433,8733],{},[263,105435,105436],{},[15,105437,1718],{},[20,105439,96982],{},[51,105441,105443],{"className":53,"code":105442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105444,105445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105446,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105448,99494],{"class":66},[60,105450,71],{"class":70},[60,105452,99499],{"class":74},[60,105454,358],{"class":357},[60,105456,88],{"class":74},[60,105458,363],{"class":357},[60,105460,17952],{"class":74},[60,105462,1512],{"class":74},[60,105464,389],{"class":357},[60,105466,88],{"class":74},[60,105468,373],{"class":357},[60,105470,13597],{"class":74},[20,105472,76746,105473,105475],{},[15,105474,2919],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105477,105478],{},"A safer example:",[51,105480,105482],{"className":53,"code":105481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105483,105484,105512],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105485,105486,105489,105491,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105487,105488],{"class":66},"good_set ",[60,105490,71],{"class":70},[60,105492,105493],{"class":74}," {(",[60,105495,358],{"class":357},[60,105497,88],{"class":74},[60,105499,363],{"class":357},[60,105501,9141],{"class":74},[60,105503,9144],{"class":74},[60,105505,389],{"class":357},[60,105507,88],{"class":74},[60,105509,373],{"class":357},[60,105511,105408],{"class":74},[60,105513,105514,105516,105518,105521],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105515,140],{"class":139},[60,105517,124],{"class":74},[60,105519,105520],{"class":120},"good_set",[60,105522,133],{"class":74},[20,105524,404],{},[51,105526,105528],{"className":53,"code":105527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105529,105530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105531,105532,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105533,105534],{"class":74},"{(",[60,105536,358],{"class":357},[60,105538,88],{"class":74},[60,105540,363],{"class":357},[60,105542,9141],{"class":74},[60,105544,9144],{"class":74},[60,105546,389],{"class":357},[60,105548,88],{"class":74},[60,105550,373],{"class":357},[60,105552,105408],{"class":74},[46,105554,105556],{"id":105555},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105558,243,105559,1227],{},[15,105560,3710],{},[260,105562,105563,105566,105571,105574],{},[263,105564,105565],{},"you need unique values only",[263,105567,105568,105569],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105570,1703],{},[263,105572,105573],{},"order does not matter",[263,105575,105576],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105578,105579],{},"Example of membership checking:",[51,105581,105583],{"className":53,"code":105582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105584,105585,105610,105614,105630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105586,105587,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105603,105605,105608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105588,105589],{"class":66},"allowed_ids ",[60,105591,71],{"class":70},[60,105593,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105595,1641],{"class":74},[60,105597,46476],{"class":357},[60,105599,88],{"class":74},[60,105601,105602],{"class":357}," 102",[60,105604,88],{"class":74},[60,105606,105607],{"class":357}," 103",[60,105609,1646],{"class":74},[60,105611,105612],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105613,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,105615,105616,105618,105620,105623,105625,105628],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,105617,140],{"class":139},[60,105619,124],{"class":74},[60,105621,105622],{"class":357},"102",[60,105624,1163],{"class":1153},[60,105626,105627],{"class":120}," allowed_ids",[60,105629,133],{"class":74},[60,105631,105632,105634,105636,105639,105641,105643],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,105633,140],{"class":139},[60,105635,124],{"class":74},[60,105637,105638],{"class":357},"999",[60,105640,1163],{"class":1153},[60,105642,105627],{"class":120},[60,105644,133],{"class":74},[20,105646,404],{},[51,105648,105649],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105650,105651,105655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105652,105653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105654,3892],{"class":734},[60,105656,105657],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105658,3953],{"class":734},[20,105660,105661],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[46,105663,105665],{"id":105664},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105667,105668],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[337,105670,243,105672,98105],{"id":105671},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105673,3710],{},[51,105675,105676],{"className":53,"code":98166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105677,105678,105688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105679,105680,105682,105684,105686],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105681,98173],{"class":66},[60,105683,71],{"class":70},[60,105685,15525],{"class":1683},[60,105687,8555],{"class":74},[60,105689,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105691,140],{"class":139},[60,105693,124],{"class":74},[60,105695,1684],{"class":1683},[60,105697,124],{"class":74},[60,105699,98192],{"class":120},[60,105701,1691],{"class":74},[20,105703,404],{},[51,105705,105706],{"className":53,"code":8764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105707,105708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105709,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105711,3205],{"class":70},[60,105713,3208],{"class":1984},[60,105715,214],{"class":78},[60,105717,1718],{"class":82},[60,105719,205],{"class":78},[60,105721,3217],{"class":70},[337,105723,243,105725,105727],{"id":105724},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105726,100164],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[51,105729,105731],{"className":53,"code":105730,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105732,105733,105753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105734,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105736,350],{"class":66},[60,105738,71],{"class":70},[60,105740,75],{"class":74},[60,105742,358],{"class":357},[60,105744,88],{"class":74},[60,105746,363],{"class":357},[60,105748,88],{"class":74},[60,105750,368],{"class":357},[60,105752,108],{"class":74},[60,105754,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105756,140],{"class":139},[60,105758,124],{"class":74},[60,105760,1684],{"class":1683},[60,105762,124],{"class":74},[60,105764,380],{"class":120},[60,105766,1691],{"class":74},[20,105768,404],{},[51,105770,105771],{"className":53,"code":8764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105772,105773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105774,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105776,3205],{"class":70},[60,105778,3208],{"class":1984},[60,105780,214],{"class":78},[60,105782,1718],{"class":82},[60,105784,205],{"class":78},[60,105786,3217],{"class":70},[337,105788,243,105790,105792],{"id":105789},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105791,3705],{}," for an empty dictionary",[51,105794,105796],{"className":53,"code":105795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105797,105798,105807],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105799,105800,105803,105805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105801,105802],{"class":66},"empty_dict ",[60,105804,71],{"class":70},[60,105806,9744],{"class":74},[60,105808,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105820],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105810,140],{"class":139},[60,105812,124],{"class":74},[60,105814,1684],{"class":1683},[60,105816,124],{"class":74},[60,105818,105819],{"class":120},"empty_dict",[60,105821,1691],{"class":74},[20,105823,404],{},[51,105825,105826],{"className":53,"code":8720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105827,105828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105829,105830,105832,105834,105836,105838,105840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105831,3205],{"class":70},[60,105833,3208],{"class":1984},[60,105835,214],{"class":78},[60,105837,8733],{"class":82},[60,105839,205],{"class":78},[60,105841,3217],{"class":70},[20,105843,105844],{},"So the rule is simple:",[260,105846,105847,105852,105857],{},[263,105848,105849,105851],{},[15,105850,3710],{}," → empty set",[263,105853,105854,105856],{},[15,105855,100164],{}," → non-empty set",[263,105858,105859,105861],{},[15,105860,3705],{}," → empty dictionary",[46,105863,1245],{"id":1244},[20,105865,105866,105867,117],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105868,3710],{},[337,105870,8331,105871,99762],{"id":99759},[15,105872,3705],{},[20,105874,105875],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[51,105877,105878],{"className":53,"code":99768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105879,105880,105888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105881,105882,105884,105886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105883,1700],{"class":66},[60,105885,71],{"class":70},[60,105887,9744],{"class":74},[60,105889,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105891,140],{"class":139},[60,105893,124],{"class":74},[60,105895,1684],{"class":1683},[60,105897,124],{"class":74},[60,105899,315],{"class":120},[60,105901,1691],{"class":74},[337,105903,105905,105906],{"id":105904},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105907,105908],{},"set(5)",[20,105910,105911,105913],{},[15,105912,3710],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[51,105915,105917],{"className":53,"code":105916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(5)\n",[15,105918,105919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105920,105921,105923,105925,105927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105922,1718],{"class":1683},[60,105924,124],{"class":74},[60,105926,2056],{"class":357},[60,105928,133],{"class":74},[20,105930,2916,105931,105933,105934,117],{},[15,105932,2919],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[30,105935,105937],{"href":105936},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[337,105939,105941],{"id":105940},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105943,105944],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[51,105946,105948],{"className":53,"code":105947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105949,105950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105951,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105953,1700],{"class":66},[60,105955,71],{"class":70},[60,105957,99499],{"class":74},[60,105959,358],{"class":357},[60,105961,88],{"class":74},[60,105963,363],{"class":357},[60,105965,17952],{"class":74},[60,105967,1512],{"class":74},[60,105969,389],{"class":357},[60,105971,88],{"class":74},[60,105973,373],{"class":357},[60,105975,13597],{"class":74},[337,105977,1254,105979,105981],{"id":105978},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105980,3710],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105983,105984],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[337,105986,1391,105988,1394,105990,288,105992],{"id":105987},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105989,3710],{},[15,105991,24667],{},[15,105993,9029],{},[20,105995,105996],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[46,105998,60597],{"id":60596},[20,106000,11015],{},[51,106002,106004],{"className":53,"code":106003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106005,106006,106021,106031,106045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106007,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106009,140],{"class":139},[60,106011,124],{"class":74},[60,106013,1684],{"class":1683},[60,106015,124],{"class":74},[60,106017,106018],{"class":120},"my_value",[60,106020,1691],{"class":74},[60,106022,106023,106025,106027,106029],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106024,140],{"class":139},[60,106026,124],{"class":74},[60,106028,106018],{"class":120},[60,106030,133],{"class":74},[60,106032,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,106034,140],{"class":139},[60,106036,124],{"class":74},[60,106038,8006],{"class":1683},[60,106040,124],{"class":74},[60,106042,306],{"class":120},[60,106044,1691],{"class":74},[60,106046,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,106048,140],{"class":139},[60,106050,124],{"class":74},[60,106052,11064],{"class":139},[60,106054,124],{"class":74},[60,106056,306],{"class":120},[60,106058,1691],{"class":74},[20,106060,106061],{},"What they help you see:",[260,106063,106064,106070,106075,106081],{},[263,106065,106066,106069],{},[15,106067,106068],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[263,106071,106072,90437],{},[15,106073,106074],{},"print(my_value)",[263,106076,106077,106080],{},[15,106078,106079],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[263,106082,106083,106086],{},[15,106084,106085],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[46,106088,1746],{"id":1745},[337,106090,106092],{"id":106091},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106094,106095],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[337,106097,106099],{"id":106098},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106101,243,106102,106104,106105,106107],{},[15,106103,3710],{},". Do not use ",[15,106106,3705],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[337,106109,106111],{"id":106110},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106113,106114],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[337,106116,106118],{"id":106117},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106120,106121],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106123,2127],{},[51,106125,106127],{"className":53,"code":106126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106128,106129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106130,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106132,140],{"class":139},[60,106134,124],{"class":74},[60,106136,1718],{"class":1683},[60,106138,124],{"class":74},[60,106140,79],{"class":78},[60,106142,495],{"class":82},[60,106144,79],{"class":78},[60,106146,1691],{"class":74},[20,106148,192],{},[51,106150,106152],{"className":53,"code":106151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106153,106154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106155,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106157,202],{"class":74},[60,106159,205],{"class":78},[60,106161,30],{"class":82},[60,106163,205],{"class":78},[60,106165,88],{"class":74},[60,106167,214],{"class":78},[60,106169,20],{"class":82},[60,106171,205],{"class":78},[60,106173,88],{"class":74},[60,106175,214],{"class":78},[60,106177,60343],{"class":82},[60,106179,205],{"class":78},[60,106181,88],{"class":74},[60,106183,214],{"class":78},[60,106185,60334],{"class":82},[60,106187,205],{"class":78},[60,106189,108],{"class":74},[337,106191,5067,106193,106196],{"id":106192},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106194,106195],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106198,106199,28570,106201,106204],{},[15,106200,3710],{},[41,106202,106203],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106206,106207],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[51,106209,106211],{"className":53,"code":106210,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106212,106213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106214,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106216,140],{"class":139},[60,106218,124],{"class":74},[60,106220,1718],{"class":1683},[60,106222,1641],{"class":74},[60,106224,358],{"class":357},[60,106226,88],{"class":74},[60,106228,363],{"class":357},[60,106230,88],{"class":74},[60,106232,368],{"class":357},[60,106234,88],{"class":74},[60,106236,373],{"class":357},[60,106238,2913],{"class":74},[46,106240,1808],{"id":1807},[260,106242,106243,106247,106251,106255,106259],{},[263,106244,106245],{},[30,106246,96216],{"href":96215},[263,106248,106249],{},[30,106250,1829],{"href":96219},[263,106252,106253],{},[30,106254,100226],{"href":105094},[263,106256,106257],{},[30,106258,104801],{"href":64735},[263,106260,106261],{},[30,106262,105937],{"href":105936},[1841,106264,106265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":106267},[106268,106269,106270,106271,106272,106278,106279,106280,106288,106298,106299,106307],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":104419,"depth":111,"text":104420},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":104804,"depth":111,"text":104805},{"id":104991,"depth":111,"text":104992,"children":106273},[106274,106275,106276,106277],{"id":104995,"depth":136,"text":104996},{"id":105097,"depth":136,"text":105098},{"id":105181,"depth":136,"text":105182},{"id":105273,"depth":136,"text":105274},{"id":105341,"depth":111,"text":105342},{"id":105555,"depth":111,"text":105556},{"id":105664,"depth":111,"text":105665,"children":106281},[106282,106284,106286],{"id":105671,"depth":136,"text":106283},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105724,"depth":136,"text":106285},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105789,"depth":136,"text":106287},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":106289},[106290,106291,106293,106294,106296],{"id":99759,"depth":136,"text":100266},{"id":105904,"depth":136,"text":106292},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105940,"depth":136,"text":105941},{"id":105978,"depth":136,"text":106295},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105987,"depth":136,"text":106297},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60596,"depth":111,"text":60597},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":106300},[106301,106302,106303,106304,106305],{"id":106091,"depth":136,"text":106092},{"id":106098,"depth":136,"text":106099},{"id":106110,"depth":136,"text":106111},{"id":106117,"depth":136,"text":106118},{"id":106192,"depth":136,"text":106306},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104301,"description":106308},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106315,"title":106316,"body":106317,"description":107832,"extension":1883,"meta":107833,"navigation":152,"path":107834,"seo":107835,"stem":107836,"__hash__":107837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106318,"toc":107808},[106319,106325,106330,106333,106416,106421,106426,106431,106433,106446,106450,106452,106471,106474,106497,106500,106511,106513,106594,106596,106613,106615,106621,106624,106719,106721,106752,106754,106762,106764,106767,106878,106880,106905,106907,106929,106934,106939,106945,107054,107056,107072,107075,107078,107161,107163,107180,107188,107190,107194,107200,107291,107293,107326,107331,107338,107415,107417,107434,107440,107442,107446,107462,107465,107491,107493,107554,107556,107679,107681,107732,107738,107740,107745,107747,107753,107756,107760,107763,107767,107770,107780,107782,107805],[10,106320,3491,106322,18],{"id":106321},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106323,106324],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106326,1900,106327,106329],{},[15,106328,106324],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106331,106332],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[51,106334,106336],{"className":53,"code":106335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106337,106338,106358,106378,106382,106401,106411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106339,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106341,2471],{"class":66},[60,106343,71],{"class":70},[60,106345,75],{"class":74},[60,106347,358],{"class":357},[60,106349,88],{"class":74},[60,106351,363],{"class":357},[60,106353,88],{"class":74},[60,106355,368],{"class":357},[60,106357,108],{"class":74},[60,106359,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106361,2499],{"class":66},[60,106363,71],{"class":70},[60,106365,75],{"class":74},[60,106367,1303],{"class":357},[60,106369,88],{"class":74},[60,106371,368],{"class":357},[60,106373,88],{"class":74},[60,106375,373],{"class":357},[60,106377,108],{"class":74},[60,106379,106380],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,106381,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106383,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106395,106397,106399],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,106385,688],{"class":66},[60,106387,71],{"class":70},[60,106389,56773],{"class":66},[60,106391,117],{"class":74},[60,106393,106394],{"class":120},"intersection",[60,106396,124],{"class":74},[60,106398,1428],{"class":120},[60,106400,133],{"class":74},[60,106402,106403,106405,106407,106409],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,106404,140],{"class":139},[60,106406,124],{"class":74},[60,106408,720],{"class":120},[60,106410,133],{"class":74},[60,106412,106413],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,106414,106415],{"class":177},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106417,243,106418,106420],{},[15,106419,102671],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[46,106422,12890,106424,12893],{"id":106423},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106425,102671],{},[20,106427,106428,106430],{},[15,106429,102671],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106432,12946],{},[260,106434,106435,106438,106440,106443],{},[263,106436,106437],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[263,106439,100442],{},[263,106441,106442],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[263,106444,106445],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106447,283,106448,117],{},[30,106449,96216],{"href":96215},[46,106451,296],{"id":295},[51,106453,106455],{"className":53,"code":106454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106456,106457],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106458,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106460,100466],{"class":66},[60,106462,117],{"class":74},[60,106464,106394],{"class":120},[60,106466,124],{"class":74},[60,106468,100475],{"class":120},[60,106470,133],{"class":74},[20,106472,106473],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[51,106475,106477],{"className":53,"code":106476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106478,106479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106480,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106482,100466],{"class":66},[60,106484,117],{"class":74},[60,106486,106394],{"class":120},[60,106488,124],{"class":74},[60,106490,100475],{"class":120},[60,106492,88],{"class":74},[60,106494,100502],{"class":120},[60,106496,133],{"class":74},[20,106498,106499],{},"Important notes:",[260,106501,106502,106505,106508],{},[263,106503,106504],{},"The result is always a new set",[263,106506,106507],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[263,106509,106510],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106512,2127],{},[51,106514,106516],{"className":53,"code":106515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106517,106518,106542,106562,106566,106584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106519,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106521,2471],{"class":66},[60,106523,71],{"class":70},[60,106525,75],{"class":74},[60,106527,358],{"class":357},[60,106529,88],{"class":74},[60,106531,363],{"class":357},[60,106533,88],{"class":74},[60,106535,368],{"class":357},[60,106537,88],{"class":74},[60,106539,373],{"class":357},[60,106541,108],{"class":74},[60,106543,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106545,2499],{"class":66},[60,106547,71],{"class":70},[60,106549,75],{"class":74},[60,106551,389],{"class":357},[60,106553,88],{"class":74},[60,106555,373],{"class":357},[60,106557,88],{"class":74},[60,106559,4516],{"class":357},[60,106561,108],{"class":74},[60,106563,106564],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,106565,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106567,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,106569,688],{"class":66},[60,106571,71],{"class":70},[60,106573,56773],{"class":66},[60,106575,117],{"class":74},[60,106577,106394],{"class":120},[60,106579,124],{"class":74},[60,106581,1428],{"class":120},[60,106583,133],{"class":74},[60,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,106587,140],{"class":139},[60,106589,124],{"class":74},[60,106591,720],{"class":120},[60,106593,133],{"class":74},[20,106595,404],{},[51,106597,106599],{"className":53,"code":106598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106600,106601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106602,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106604,202],{"class":74},[60,106606,389],{"class":357},[60,106608,88],{"class":74},[60,106610,373],{"class":357},[60,106612,108],{"class":74},[46,106614,17310],{"id":17309},[20,106616,106617,21864,106619,117],{},[15,106618,102671],{},[41,106620,1718],{},[20,106622,106623],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[51,106625,106627],{"className":53,"code":106626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106628,106629,106649,106669,106673,106691,106695,106705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106630,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106632,2471],{"class":66},[60,106634,71],{"class":70},[60,106636,75],{"class":74},[60,106638,358],{"class":357},[60,106640,88],{"class":74},[60,106642,363],{"class":357},[60,106644,88],{"class":74},[60,106646,368],{"class":357},[60,106648,108],{"class":74},[60,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106652,2499],{"class":66},[60,106654,71],{"class":70},[60,106656,75],{"class":74},[60,106658,1303],{"class":357},[60,106660,88],{"class":74},[60,106662,368],{"class":357},[60,106664,88],{"class":74},[60,106666,373],{"class":357},[60,106668,108],{"class":74},[60,106670,106671],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,106672,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106674,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,106676,688],{"class":66},[60,106678,71],{"class":70},[60,106680,56773],{"class":66},[60,106682,117],{"class":74},[60,106684,106394],{"class":120},[60,106686,124],{"class":74},[60,106688,1428],{"class":120},[60,106690,133],{"class":74},[60,106692,106693],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,106694,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106696,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,106698,140],{"class":139},[60,106700,124],{"class":74},[60,106702,720],{"class":120},[60,106704,133],{"class":74},[60,106706,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,106708,140],{"class":139},[60,106710,124],{"class":74},[60,106712,1684],{"class":1683},[60,106714,124],{"class":74},[60,106716,720],{"class":120},[60,106718,1691],{"class":74},[20,106720,404],{},[51,106722,106724],{"className":53,"code":106723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106725,106726,106738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106729,202],{"class":74},[60,106731,1303],{"class":357},[60,106733,88],{"class":74},[60,106735,368],{"class":357},[60,106737,108],{"class":74},[60,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106741,3205],{"class":70},[60,106743,3208],{"class":1984},[60,106745,214],{"class":78},[60,106747,1718],{"class":82},[60,106749,205],{"class":78},[60,106751,3217],{"class":70},[20,106753,85700],{},[260,106755,106756,106759],{},[263,106757,106758],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[263,106760,106761],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[46,106763,839],{"id":838},[20,106765,106766],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[51,106768,106770],{"className":53,"code":106769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106771,106772,106805,106838,106842,106863,106867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106773,106774,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106775,106776],{"class":66},"colors1 ",[60,106778,71],{"class":70},[60,106780,75],{"class":74},[60,106782,79],{"class":78},[60,106784,83],{"class":82},[60,106786,79],{"class":78},[60,106788,88],{"class":74},[60,106790,91],{"class":78},[60,106792,94],{"class":82},[60,106794,79],{"class":78},[60,106796,88],{"class":74},[60,106798,91],{"class":78},[60,106800,103],{"class":82},[60,106802,79],{"class":78},[60,106804,108],{"class":74},[60,106806,106807,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106808,106809],{"class":66},"colors2 ",[60,106811,71],{"class":70},[60,106813,75],{"class":74},[60,106815,79],{"class":78},[60,106817,103],{"class":82},[60,106819,79],{"class":78},[60,106821,88],{"class":74},[60,106823,91],{"class":78},[60,106825,169],{"class":82},[60,106827,79],{"class":78},[60,106829,88],{"class":74},[60,106831,91],{"class":78},[60,106833,94],{"class":82},[60,106835,79],{"class":78},[60,106837,108],{"class":74},[60,106839,106840],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,106841,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106843,106844,106847,106849,106852,106854,106856,106858,106861],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,106845,106846],{"class":66},"common_colors ",[60,106848,71],{"class":70},[60,106850,106851],{"class":66}," colors1",[60,106853,117],{"class":74},[60,106855,106394],{"class":120},[60,106857,124],{"class":74},[60,106859,106860],{"class":120},"colors2",[60,106862,133],{"class":74},[60,106864,106865],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,106866,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,106868,106869,106871,106873,106876],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,106870,140],{"class":139},[60,106872,124],{"class":74},[60,106874,106875],{"class":120},"common_colors",[60,106877,133],{"class":74},[20,106879,404],{},[51,106881,106883],{"className":53,"code":106882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106884,106885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106888,202],{"class":74},[60,106890,205],{"class":78},[60,106892,94],{"class":82},[60,106894,205],{"class":78},[60,106896,88],{"class":74},[60,106898,214],{"class":78},[60,106900,103],{"class":82},[60,106902,205],{"class":78},[60,106904,108],{"class":74},[20,106906,11578],{},[260,106908,106909,106915,106919,106924],{},[263,106910,106911,106914],{},[15,106912,106913],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[263,106916,106917,106914],{},[15,106918,106860],{},[263,106920,106921,106923],{},[15,106922,102671],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[263,106925,106926,106927],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106928,106875],{},[46,106930,8331,106932,101039],{"id":106931},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106933,102671],{},[20,106935,106936,106937,117],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106938,102671],{},[20,106940,106941,106942,106944],{},"Only the values found in ",[41,106943,3629],{}," inputs will be kept.",[51,106946,106948],{"className":53,"code":106947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106949,106950,106974,106998,107018,107022,107044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106951,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106953,2471],{"class":66},[60,106955,71],{"class":70},[60,106957,75],{"class":74},[60,106959,358],{"class":357},[60,106961,88],{"class":74},[60,106963,363],{"class":357},[60,106965,88],{"class":74},[60,106967,368],{"class":357},[60,106969,88],{"class":74},[60,106971,373],{"class":357},[60,106973,108],{"class":74},[60,106975,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106977,2499],{"class":66},[60,106979,71],{"class":70},[60,106981,75],{"class":74},[60,106983,1303],{"class":357},[60,106985,88],{"class":74},[60,106987,368],{"class":357},[60,106989,88],{"class":74},[60,106991,373],{"class":357},[60,106993,88],{"class":74},[60,106995,4516],{"class":357},[60,106997,108],{"class":74},[60,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107001,83074],{"class":66},[60,107003,71],{"class":70},[60,107005,75],{"class":74},[60,107007,389],{"class":357},[60,107009,88],{"class":74},[60,107011,373],{"class":357},[60,107013,88],{"class":74},[60,107015,37527],{"class":357},[60,107017,108],{"class":74},[60,107019,107020],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107021,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,107025,688],{"class":66},[60,107027,71],{"class":70},[60,107029,56773],{"class":66},[60,107031,117],{"class":74},[60,107033,106394],{"class":120},[60,107035,124],{"class":74},[60,107037,1428],{"class":120},[60,107039,88],{"class":74},[60,107041,9588],{"class":120},[60,107043,133],{"class":74},[60,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,107047,140],{"class":139},[60,107049,124],{"class":74},[60,107051,720],{"class":120},[60,107053,133],{"class":74},[20,107055,404],{},[51,107057,107058],{"className":53,"code":106598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107059,107060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107061,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107063,202],{"class":74},[60,107065,389],{"class":357},[60,107067,88],{"class":74},[60,107069,373],{"class":357},[60,107071,108],{"class":74},[20,107073,107074],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107076,107077],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[51,107079,107081],{"className":53,"code":107080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107082,107083,107107,107111,107151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107084,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107086,2471],{"class":66},[60,107088,71],{"class":70},[60,107090,75],{"class":74},[60,107092,358],{"class":357},[60,107094,88],{"class":74},[60,107096,363],{"class":357},[60,107098,88],{"class":74},[60,107100,368],{"class":357},[60,107102,88],{"class":74},[60,107104,373],{"class":357},[60,107106,108],{"class":74},[60,107108,107109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107110,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107112,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107114,688],{"class":66},[60,107116,71],{"class":70},[60,107118,56773],{"class":66},[60,107120,117],{"class":74},[60,107122,106394],{"class":120},[60,107124,1641],{"class":74},[60,107126,1303],{"class":357},[60,107128,88],{"class":74},[60,107130,373],{"class":357},[60,107132,88],{"class":74},[60,107134,37527],{"class":357},[60,107136,17952],{"class":74},[60,107138,9144],{"class":74},[60,107140,358],{"class":357},[60,107142,88],{"class":74},[60,107144,363],{"class":357},[60,107146,88],{"class":74},[60,107148,373],{"class":357},[60,107150,1691],{"class":74},[60,107152,107153,107155,107157,107159],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107154,140],{"class":139},[60,107156,124],{"class":74},[60,107158,720],{"class":120},[60,107160,133],{"class":74},[20,107162,404],{},[51,107164,107166],{"className":53,"code":107165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107167,107168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107169,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107171,202],{"class":74},[60,107173,1303],{"class":357},[60,107175,88],{"class":74},[60,107177,373],{"class":357},[60,107179,108],{"class":74},[46,107181,107183,474,107185],{"id":107182},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107184,102671],{},[15,107186,107187],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107189,101209],{},[337,107191,107192],{"id":106394},[15,107193,102671],{},[260,107195,107196,107198],{},[263,107197,101218],{},[263,107199,101221],{},[51,107201,107203],{"className":53,"code":107202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107204,107205,107225,107245,107249,107267,107271,107281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107206,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107208,2471],{"class":66},[60,107210,71],{"class":70},[60,107212,75],{"class":74},[60,107214,358],{"class":357},[60,107216,88],{"class":74},[60,107218,363],{"class":357},[60,107220,88],{"class":74},[60,107222,368],{"class":357},[60,107224,108],{"class":74},[60,107226,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107228,2499],{"class":66},[60,107230,71],{"class":70},[60,107232,75],{"class":74},[60,107234,1303],{"class":357},[60,107236,88],{"class":74},[60,107238,368],{"class":357},[60,107240,88],{"class":74},[60,107242,373],{"class":357},[60,107244,108],{"class":74},[60,107246,107247],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107248,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107250,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107252,688],{"class":66},[60,107254,71],{"class":70},[60,107256,56773],{"class":66},[60,107258,117],{"class":74},[60,107260,106394],{"class":120},[60,107262,124],{"class":74},[60,107264,1428],{"class":120},[60,107266,133],{"class":74},[60,107268,107269],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,107270,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107272,107273,107275,107277,107279],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,107274,140],{"class":139},[60,107276,124],{"class":74},[60,107278,30],{"class":120},[60,107280,133],{"class":74},[60,107282,107283,107285,107287,107289],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,107284,140],{"class":139},[60,107286,124],{"class":74},[60,107288,720],{"class":120},[60,107290,133],{"class":74},[20,107292,404],{},[51,107294,107296],{"className":53,"code":107295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107297,107298,107314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107299,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107301,202],{"class":74},[60,107303,358],{"class":357},[60,107305,88],{"class":74},[60,107307,363],{"class":357},[60,107309,88],{"class":74},[60,107311,368],{"class":357},[60,107313,108],{"class":74},[60,107315,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107317,202],{"class":74},[60,107319,1303],{"class":357},[60,107321,88],{"class":74},[60,107323,368],{"class":357},[60,107325,108],{"class":74},[337,107327,107329],{"id":107328},"intersection_update",[15,107330,107187],{},[260,107332,107333,107335],{},[263,107334,101361],{},[263,107336,107337],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[51,107339,107341],{"className":53,"code":107340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107342,107343,107363,107383,107387,107401,107405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107344,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107346,2471],{"class":66},[60,107348,71],{"class":70},[60,107350,75],{"class":74},[60,107352,358],{"class":357},[60,107354,88],{"class":74},[60,107356,363],{"class":357},[60,107358,88],{"class":74},[60,107360,368],{"class":357},[60,107362,108],{"class":74},[60,107364,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107366,2499],{"class":66},[60,107368,71],{"class":70},[60,107370,75],{"class":74},[60,107372,1303],{"class":357},[60,107374,88],{"class":74},[60,107376,368],{"class":357},[60,107378,88],{"class":74},[60,107380,373],{"class":357},[60,107382,108],{"class":74},[60,107384,107385],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107386,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107388,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107390,30],{"class":66},[60,107392,117],{"class":74},[60,107394,107328],{"class":120},[60,107396,124],{"class":74},[60,107398,1428],{"class":120},[60,107400,133],{"class":74},[60,107402,107403],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,107404,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107406,107407,107409,107411,107413],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,107408,140],{"class":139},[60,107410,124],{"class":74},[60,107412,30],{"class":120},[60,107414,133],{"class":74},[20,107416,404],{},[51,107418,107420],{"className":53,"code":107419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107421,107422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107425,202],{"class":74},[60,107427,1303],{"class":357},[60,107429,88],{"class":74},[60,107431,368],{"class":357},[60,107433,108],{"class":74},[20,107435,107436,107437,107439],{},"Choose ",[15,107438,102671],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[46,107441,4430],{"id":4429},[20,107443,14624,107444,258],{},[15,107445,102671],{},[260,107447,107448,107451,107454,107457],{},[263,107449,107450],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[263,107452,107453],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[263,107455,107456],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[263,107458,107459,107460],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107461,102671],{},[20,107463,107464],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[260,107466,107467,107472,107475,107488],{},[263,107468,8331,107469,107471],{},[15,107470,102671],{}," when order matters",[263,107473,107474],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[263,107476,1391,107477,1394,107479,288,107484],{},[15,107478,102671],{},[30,107480,107482],{"href":107481},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107483,102679],{},[30,107485,107486],{"href":102720},[15,107487,100295],{},[263,107489,107490],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107492,30020],{},[51,107494,107496],{"className":53,"code":107495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107497,107498,107508,107522,107540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107499,107500,107502,107504,107506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107501,140],{"class":139},[60,107503,124],{"class":74},[60,107505,306],{"class":120},[60,107507,133],{"class":74},[60,107509,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107511,140],{"class":139},[60,107513,124],{"class":74},[60,107515,1684],{"class":1683},[60,107517,124],{"class":74},[60,107519,720],{"class":120},[60,107521,1691],{"class":74},[60,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107525,140],{"class":139},[60,107527,124],{"class":74},[60,107529,100466],{"class":120},[60,107531,117],{"class":74},[60,107533,106394],{"class":120},[60,107535,124],{"class":74},[60,107537,100475],{"class":120},[60,107539,1691],{"class":74},[60,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107543,140],{"class":139},[60,107545,124],{"class":74},[60,107547,11064],{"class":139},[60,107549,124],{"class":74},[60,107551,720],{"class":120},[60,107553,1691],{"class":74},[20,107555,2127],{},[51,107557,107559],{"className":53,"code":107558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107560,107561,107585,107605,107609,107627,107631,107641,107651,107665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107562,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107564,350],{"class":66},[60,107566,71],{"class":70},[60,107568,75],{"class":74},[60,107570,358],{"class":357},[60,107572,88],{"class":74},[60,107574,363],{"class":357},[60,107576,88],{"class":74},[60,107578,363],{"class":357},[60,107580,88],{"class":74},[60,107582,368],{"class":357},[60,107584,108],{"class":74},[60,107586,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107588,43434],{"class":66},[60,107590,71],{"class":70},[60,107592,75],{"class":74},[60,107594,1303],{"class":357},[60,107596,88],{"class":74},[60,107598,368],{"class":357},[60,107600,88],{"class":74},[60,107602,373],{"class":357},[60,107604,108],{"class":74},[60,107606,107607],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107608,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107610,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107612,688],{"class":66},[60,107614,71],{"class":70},[60,107616,1294],{"class":66},[60,107618,117],{"class":74},[60,107620,106394],{"class":120},[60,107622,124],{"class":74},[60,107624,30628],{"class":120},[60,107626,133],{"class":74},[60,107628,107629],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,107630,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107632,107633,107635,107637,107639],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,107634,140],{"class":139},[60,107636,124],{"class":74},[60,107638,380],{"class":120},[60,107640,133],{"class":74},[60,107642,107643,107645,107647,107649],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,107644,140],{"class":139},[60,107646,124],{"class":74},[60,107648,720],{"class":120},[60,107650,133],{"class":74},[60,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,107654,140],{"class":139},[60,107656,124],{"class":74},[60,107658,1684],{"class":1683},[60,107660,124],{"class":74},[60,107662,720],{"class":120},[60,107664,1691],{"class":74},[60,107666,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,107668,140],{"class":139},[60,107670,124],{"class":74},[60,107672,11064],{"class":139},[60,107674,124],{"class":74},[60,107676,720],{"class":120},[60,107678,1691],{"class":74},[20,107680,404],{},[51,107682,107684],{"className":53,"code":107683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107685,107686,107702,107714,107728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107687,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107689,202],{"class":74},[60,107691,358],{"class":357},[60,107693,88],{"class":74},[60,107695,363],{"class":357},[60,107697,88],{"class":74},[60,107699,368],{"class":357},[60,107701,108],{"class":74},[60,107703,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107705,202],{"class":74},[60,107707,1303],{"class":357},[60,107709,88],{"class":74},[60,107711,368],{"class":357},[60,107713,108],{"class":74},[60,107715,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107717,3205],{"class":70},[60,107719,3208],{"class":1984},[60,107721,214],{"class":78},[60,107723,1718],{"class":82},[60,107725,205],{"class":78},[60,107727,3217],{"class":70},[60,107729,107730],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107731,16947],{"class":357},[20,107733,107734,107735,107737],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107736,1303],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,107739,1746],{"id":1745},[337,107741,12599,107743,102619],{"id":107742},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107744,102671],{},[20,107746,102622],{},[337,107748,5079,107750,107752],{"id":107749},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107751,102671],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107754,107755],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[337,107757,107759],{"id":107758},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107761,107762],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[337,107764,107766],{"id":107765},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107768,107769],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[51,107771,107772],{"className":53,"code":97344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107773,107774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107775,107776,107778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107777,1718],{"class":1683},[60,107779,8555],{"class":74},[46,107781,1808],{"id":1807},[260,107783,107784,107788,107795,107801],{},[263,107785,107786],{},[30,107787,96216],{"href":96215},[263,107789,107790],{},[30,107791,3491,107792,1818],{"href":107481},[15,107793,107794],{},"set.union()",[263,107796,107797],{},[30,107798,3491,107799,1818],{"href":102720},[15,107800,100300],{},[263,107802,107803],{},[30,107804,100226],{"href":105094},[1841,107806,107807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":107809},[107810,107812,107813,107814,107815,107817,107822,107823,107831],{"id":106423,"depth":111,"text":107811},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":106931,"depth":111,"text":107816},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107182,"depth":111,"text":107818,"children":107819},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107820,107821],{"id":106394,"depth":136,"text":102671},{"id":107328,"depth":136,"text":107187},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":107824},[107825,107827,107829,107830],{"id":107742,"depth":136,"text":107826},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107749,"depth":136,"text":107828},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107758,"depth":136,"text":107759},{"id":107765,"depth":136,"text":107766},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106316,"description":107832},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107839,"title":107840,"body":107841,"description":109077,"extension":1883,"meta":109078,"navigation":152,"path":109079,"seo":109080,"stem":109081,"__hash__":109082},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107842,"toc":109044},[107843,107848,107854,107863,107865,107940,107945,107960,107970,107975,107979,107992,107996,107998,108013,108015,108031,108033,108108,108112,108115,108117,108134,108139,108194,108199,108211,108215,108218,108319,108321,108362,108365,108369,108376,108378,108403,108406,108424,108431,108437,108440,108522,108529,108532,108612,108621,108624,108629,108633,108647,108696,108701,108705,108716,108765,108776,108781,108785,108797,108846,108857,108859,108863,108886,108888,108945,108947,108961,108963,108969,108975,108981,108990,108994,109001,109005,109013,109015,109041],[10,107844,13,107846,18],{"id":107845},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107847,462],{},[20,107849,107850,107853],{},[15,107851,107852],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107855,107856,107857,107859,107860,107862],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[41,107858,43],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107861,462],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[46,107864,49],{"id":48},[51,107866,107868],{"className":53,"code":107867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107869,107870,107902,107916,107920,107930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107871,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107873,486],{"class":66},[60,107875,71],{"class":70},[60,107877,75],{"class":74},[60,107879,79],{"class":78},[60,107881,495],{"class":82},[60,107883,79],{"class":78},[60,107885,88],{"class":74},[60,107887,91],{"class":78},[60,107889,504],{"class":82},[60,107891,79],{"class":78},[60,107893,88],{"class":74},[60,107895,91],{"class":78},[60,107897,4008],{"class":82},[60,107899,79],{"class":78},[60,107901,108],{"class":74},[60,107903,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107905,69822],{"class":66},[60,107907,71],{"class":70},[60,107909,5877],{"class":66},[60,107911,117],{"class":74},[60,107913,26127],{"class":120},[60,107915,8555],{"class":74},[60,107917,107918],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,107919,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,107923,140],{"class":139},[60,107925,124],{"class":74},[60,107927,69845],{"class":120},[60,107929,133],{"class":74},[60,107931,107932,107934,107936,107938],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,107933,140],{"class":139},[60,107935,124],{"class":74},[60,107937,517],{"class":120},[60,107939,133],{"class":74},[20,107941,107942],{},[41,107943,107944],{},"What this does:",[260,107946,107947,107952,107957],{},[263,107948,107949,107950],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107951,517],{},[263,107953,107954,107955],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107956,69845],{},[263,107958,107959],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107961,107962,88851,107964,107966,107967,107969],{},[41,107963,83709],{},[15,107965,107852],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[41,107968,43],{}," chosen by index.",[46,107971,250,107973,253],{"id":107972},"what-setpop-does",[15,107974,107852],{},[20,107976,107977,258],{},[15,107978,107852],{},[260,107980,107981,107983,107986,107989],{},[263,107982,265],{},[263,107984,107985],{},"Returns the removed item",[263,107987,107988],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[263,107990,107991],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107993,283,107994,117],{},[30,107995,96216],{"href":97385},[46,107997,296],{"id":295},[51,107999,108001],{"className":53,"code":108000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108002,108003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108004,108005,108007,108009,108011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108006,306],{"class":66},[60,108008,117],{"class":74},[60,108010,26127],{"class":120},[60,108012,8555],{"class":74},[20,108014,12946],{},[260,108016,108017,108023,108028],{},[263,108018,108019,108020],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108021,108022],{},"my_set.pop()",[263,108024,108025,108026],{},"It takes ",[41,108027,28573],{},[263,108029,108030],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108032,2127],{},[51,108034,108036],{"className":53,"code":108035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108037,108038,108070,108084,108088,108098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108039,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108041,67],{"class":66},[60,108043,71],{"class":70},[60,108045,75],{"class":74},[60,108047,79],{"class":78},[60,108049,83],{"class":82},[60,108051,79],{"class":78},[60,108053,88],{"class":74},[60,108055,91],{"class":78},[60,108057,94],{"class":82},[60,108059,79],{"class":78},[60,108061,88],{"class":74},[60,108063,91],{"class":78},[60,108065,103],{"class":82},[60,108067,79],{"class":78},[60,108069,108],{"class":74},[60,108071,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108073,28423],{"class":66},[60,108075,71],{"class":70},[60,108077,693],{"class":66},[60,108079,117],{"class":74},[60,108081,26127],{"class":120},[60,108083,8555],{"class":74},[60,108085,108086],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108087,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,108089,108090,108092,108094,108096],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,108091,140],{"class":139},[60,108093,124],{"class":74},[60,108095,23197],{"class":120},[60,108097,133],{"class":74},[60,108099,108100,108102,108104,108106],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,108101,140],{"class":139},[60,108103,124],{"class":74},[60,108105,114],{"class":120},[60,108107,133],{"class":74},[46,108109,108111],{"id":108110},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108113,108114],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108116,2026],{},[260,108118,108119,108125,108128],{},[263,108120,108121,108122,108124],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108123,462],{}," removes",[263,108126,108127],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[263,108129,108130,108131,108133],{},"You should not use ",[15,108132,462],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108135,10367,108136,108138],{},[41,108137,43],{}," valid:",[51,108140,108142],{"className":53,"code":108141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108143,108144,108176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108145,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108147,852],{"class":66},[60,108149,71],{"class":70},[60,108151,75],{"class":74},[60,108153,79],{"class":78},[60,108155,495],{"class":82},[60,108157,79],{"class":78},[60,108159,88],{"class":74},[60,108161,91],{"class":78},[60,108163,504],{"class":82},[60,108165,79],{"class":78},[60,108167,88],{"class":74},[60,108169,91],{"class":78},[60,108171,4008],{"class":82},[60,108173,79],{"class":78},[60,108175,108],{"class":74},[60,108177,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108179,913],{"class":66},[60,108181,117],{"class":74},[60,108183,26127],{"class":120},[60,108185,124],{"class":74},[60,108187,79],{"class":78},[60,108189,495],{"class":82},[60,108191,79],{"class":78},[60,108193,133],{"class":74},[20,108195,39538,108196,108198],{},[15,108197,107852],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108200,108201,108202,288,108206,117],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[30,108203,108204],{"href":32},[15,108205,35],{},[30,108207,108209],{"href":108208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108210,24],{},[46,108212,108214],{"id":108213},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108216,108217],{},"Here is a simple example:",[51,108219,108221],{"className":53,"code":108220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108222,108223,108257,108261,108277,108281,108300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108224,108225,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108253,108255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108226,108227],{"class":66},"animals ",[60,108229,71],{"class":70},[60,108231,75],{"class":74},[60,108233,79],{"class":78},[60,108235,36931],{"class":82},[60,108237,79],{"class":78},[60,108239,88],{"class":74},[60,108241,91],{"class":78},[60,108243,58013],{"class":82},[60,108245,79],{"class":78},[60,108247,88],{"class":74},[60,108249,91],{"class":78},[60,108251,108252],{"class":82},"rabbit",[60,108254,79],{"class":78},[60,108256,108],{"class":74},[60,108258,108259],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108260,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,108262,108263,108266,108268,108271,108273,108275],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108264,108265],{"class":66},"removed_animal ",[60,108267,71],{"class":70},[60,108269,108270],{"class":66}," animals",[60,108272,117],{"class":74},[60,108274,26127],{"class":120},[60,108276,8555],{"class":74},[60,108278,108279],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,108280,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,108282,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108298],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,108284,140],{"class":139},[60,108286,124],{"class":74},[60,108288,79],{"class":78},[60,108290,28841],{"class":82},[60,108292,79],{"class":78},[60,108294,88],{"class":74},[60,108296,108297],{"class":120}," removed_animal",[60,108299,133],{"class":74},[60,108301,108302,108304,108306,108308,108311,108313,108315,108317],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,108303,140],{"class":139},[60,108305,124],{"class":74},[60,108307,79],{"class":78},[60,108309,108310],{"class":82},"Updated set:",[60,108312,79],{"class":78},[60,108314,88],{"class":74},[60,108316,108270],{"class":120},[60,108318,133],{"class":74},[20,108320,192],{},[51,108322,108324],{"className":53,"code":108323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108325,108326,108335],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108327,108328,108330,108332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108329,28883],{"class":66},[60,108331,258],{"class":74},[60,108333,108334],{"class":66}," dog\n",[60,108336,108337,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108338,108339],{"class":66},"Updated ",[60,108341,1718],{"class":1683},[60,108343,258],{"class":74},[60,108345,75],{"class":74},[60,108347,205],{"class":78},[60,108349,36931],{"class":82},[60,108351,205],{"class":78},[60,108353,88],{"class":74},[60,108355,214],{"class":78},[60,108357,108252],{"class":82},[60,108359,205],{"class":78},[60,108361,108],{"class":74},[20,108363,108364],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[46,108366,108368],{"id":108367},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108370,29535,108371,108373,108374,117],{},[15,108372,462],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108375,453],{},[20,108377,2127],{},[51,108379,108381],{"className":53,"code":108380,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108382,108383,108393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108384,108385,108387,108389,108391],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108386,486],{"class":66},[60,108388,71],{"class":70},[60,108390,15525],{"class":1683},[60,108392,8555],{"class":74},[60,108394,108395,108397,108399,108401],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108396,517],{"class":66},[60,108398,117],{"class":74},[60,108400,26127],{"class":120},[60,108402,8555],{"class":74},[20,108404,108405],{},"This raises:",[51,108407,108409],{"className":53,"code":108408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108410,108411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108412,108413,108415,108417,108419,108422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108414,453],{"class":1683},[60,108416,258],{"class":74},[60,108418,214],{"class":78},[60,108420,108421],{"class":82},"pop from an empty set",[60,108423,29585],{"class":78},[20,108425,108426,108427,108430],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[30,108428,108429],{"href":630},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[337,108432,108434,108435],{"id":108433},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108436,462],{},[20,108438,108439],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[51,108441,108443],{"className":53,"code":108442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108444,108445,108455,108459,108467,108482,108501,108507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108446,108447,108449,108451,108453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108448,486],{"class":66},[60,108450,71],{"class":70},[60,108452,15525],{"class":1683},[60,108454,8555],{"class":74},[60,108456,108457],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108458,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,108460,108461,108463,108465],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108462,1154],{"class":1153},[60,108464,5877],{"class":66},[60,108466,1168],{"class":74},[60,108468,108469,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,108470,108471],{"class":66},"    removed ",[60,108473,71],{"class":70},[60,108475,5877],{"class":66},[60,108477,117],{"class":74},[60,108479,26127],{"class":120},[60,108481,8555],{"class":74},[60,108483,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108496,108499],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,108485,7981],{"class":139},[60,108487,124],{"class":74},[60,108489,79],{"class":78},[60,108491,28841],{"class":82},[60,108493,79],{"class":78},[60,108495,88],{"class":74},[60,108497,108498],{"class":120}," removed",[60,108500,133],{"class":74},[60,108502,108503,108505],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,108504,27319],{"class":1153},[60,108506,1168],{"class":74},[60,108508,108509,108511,108513,108515,108518,108520],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,108510,7981],{"class":139},[60,108512,124],{"class":74},[60,108514,79],{"class":78},[60,108516,108517],{"class":82},"The set is empty.",[60,108519,79],{"class":78},[60,108521,133],{"class":74},[337,108523,243,108525,1776,108527],{"id":108524},"use-try-and-except",[15,108526,29689],{},[15,108528,29720],{},[20,108530,108531],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[51,108533,108535],{"className":53,"code":108534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108536,108537,108547,108551,108557,108571,108589,108597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108538,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108540,486],{"class":66},[60,108542,71],{"class":70},[60,108544,15525],{"class":1683},[60,108546,8555],{"class":74},[60,108548,108549],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108550,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,108552,108553,108555],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108554,29689],{"class":1153},[60,108556,1168],{"class":74},[60,108558,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,108560,108471],{"class":66},[60,108562,71],{"class":70},[60,108564,5877],{"class":66},[60,108566,117],{"class":74},[60,108568,26127],{"class":120},[60,108570,8555],{"class":74},[60,108572,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,108574,7981],{"class":139},[60,108576,124],{"class":74},[60,108578,79],{"class":78},[60,108580,28841],{"class":82},[60,108582,79],{"class":78},[60,108584,88],{"class":74},[60,108586,108498],{"class":120},[60,108588,133],{"class":74},[60,108590,108591,108593,108595],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,108592,29720],{"class":1153},[60,108594,29723],{"class":1683},[60,108596,1168],{"class":74},[60,108598,108599,108601,108603,108605,108608,108610],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,108600,7981],{"class":139},[60,108602,124],{"class":74},[60,108604,79],{"class":78},[60,108606,108607],{"class":82},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[60,108609,79],{"class":78},[60,108611,133],{"class":74},[46,108613,1220,108615,474,108617,474,108619],{"id":108614},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108616,462],{},[15,108618,447],{},[15,108620,17],{},[20,108622,108623],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[337,108625,243,108627],{"id":108626},"use-pop",[15,108628,462],{},[20,108630,243,108631,1227],{},[15,108632,462],{},[260,108634,108635,108641,108644],{},[263,108636,108637,108638],{},"You want to remove ",[41,108639,108640],{},"any one item",[263,108642,108643],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[263,108645,108646],{},"You want the removed item returned",[51,108648,108650],{"className":53,"code":108649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108651,108652,108672,108686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108653,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108655,350],{"class":66},[60,108657,71],{"class":70},[60,108659,75],{"class":74},[60,108661,358],{"class":357},[60,108663,88],{"class":74},[60,108665,363],{"class":357},[60,108667,88],{"class":74},[60,108669,368],{"class":357},[60,108671,108],{"class":74},[60,108673,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108675,1700],{"class":66},[60,108677,71],{"class":70},[60,108679,1294],{"class":66},[60,108681,117],{"class":74},[60,108683,26127],{"class":120},[60,108685,8555],{"class":74},[60,108687,108688,108690,108692,108694],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108689,140],{"class":139},[60,108691,124],{"class":74},[60,108693,315],{"class":120},[60,108695,133],{"class":74},[337,108697,243,108699],{"id":108698},"use-remove",[15,108700,447],{},[20,108702,243,108703,1227],{},[15,108704,447],{},[260,108706,108707,108713],{},[263,108708,108709,108710],{},"You want to delete a ",[41,108711,108712],{},"specific item",[263,108714,108715],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[51,108717,108719],{"className":53,"code":108718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108720,108721,108741,108755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108722,108723,108725,108727,108729,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108724,350],{"class":66},[60,108726,71],{"class":70},[60,108728,75],{"class":74},[60,108730,358],{"class":357},[60,108732,88],{"class":74},[60,108734,363],{"class":357},[60,108736,88],{"class":74},[60,108738,368],{"class":357},[60,108740,108],{"class":74},[60,108742,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108744,380],{"class":66},[60,108746,117],{"class":74},[60,108748,558],{"class":120},[60,108750,124],{"class":74},[60,108752,1303],{"class":357},[60,108754,133],{"class":74},[60,108756,108757,108759,108761,108763],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108758,140],{"class":139},[60,108760,124],{"class":74},[60,108762,380],{"class":120},[60,108764,133],{"class":74},[20,108766,108767,108768,108770,108771,108775],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108769,447],{}," raises an error. See the ",[30,108772,108773,1818],{"href":32},[15,108774,35],{}," for details.",[337,108777,243,108779],{"id":108778},"use-discard",[15,108780,17],{},[20,108782,243,108783,1227],{},[15,108784,17],{},[260,108786,108787,108791],{},[263,108788,108709,108789],{},[41,108790,108712],{},[263,108792,108793,108794,108796],{},"You do ",[41,108795,43],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[51,108798,108800],{"className":53,"code":108799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108801,108802,108822,108836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108803,108804,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816,108818,108820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108805,350],{"class":66},[60,108807,71],{"class":70},[60,108809,75],{"class":74},[60,108811,358],{"class":357},[60,108813,88],{"class":74},[60,108815,363],{"class":357},[60,108817,88],{"class":74},[60,108819,368],{"class":357},[60,108821,108],{"class":74},[60,108823,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108825,380],{"class":66},[60,108827,117],{"class":74},[60,108829,121],{"class":120},[60,108831,124],{"class":74},[60,108833,2056],{"class":357},[60,108835,133],{"class":74},[60,108837,108838,108840,108842,108844],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108839,140],{"class":139},[60,108841,124],{"class":74},[60,108843,380],{"class":120},[60,108845,133],{"class":74},[20,108847,108848,108849,108851,108852,108856],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108850,2056],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[30,108853,108854,1818],{"href":108208},[15,108855,24],{}," for more examples.",[46,108858,1245],{"id":1244},[20,108860,71368,108861,258],{},[15,108862,107852],{},[260,108864,108865,108871,108876,108881],{},[263,108866,108867,108868],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108869,108870],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[263,108872,1254,108873,108875],{},[15,108874,462],{}," to remove the first or last item",[263,108877,29535,108878,108880],{},[15,108879,462],{}," on an empty set",[263,108882,8331,108883,108885],{},[15,108884,462],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108887,62182],{},[51,108889,108891],{"className":53,"code":108890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108892,108893,108903,108917,108931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108894,108895,108897,108899,108901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108896,140],{"class":139},[60,108898,124],{"class":74},[60,108900,306],{"class":120},[60,108902,133],{"class":74},[60,108904,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108906,140],{"class":139},[60,108908,124],{"class":74},[60,108910,11064],{"class":139},[60,108912,124],{"class":74},[60,108914,306],{"class":120},[60,108916,1691],{"class":74},[60,108918,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927,108929],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,108920,140],{"class":139},[60,108922,124],{"class":74},[60,108924,1684],{"class":1683},[60,108926,124],{"class":74},[60,108928,306],{"class":120},[60,108930,1691],{"class":74},[60,108932,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,108934,28423],{"class":66},[60,108936,71],{"class":70},[60,108938,1706],{"class":66},[60,108940,117],{"class":74},[60,108942,26127],{"class":120},[60,108944,8555],{"class":74},[20,108946,25894],{},[260,108948,108949,108952,108955,108958],{},[263,108950,108951],{},"What values are in the set",[263,108953,108954],{},"Whether the set is empty",[263,108956,108957],{},"That the object is really a set",[263,108959,108960],{},"What value was actually removed",[46,108962,1746],{"id":1745},[337,108964,12599,108966,108968],{"id":108965},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108967,107852],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108970,108971,108972,108974],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108973,462],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[337,108976,108978,108979,1779],{"id":108977},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108980,107852],{},[20,108982,108983,108984,108986,108987,108989],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108985,462],{},", set ",[15,108988,462],{}," does not accept an index.",[337,108991,108993],{"id":108992},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108995,71537,108996,44515,108998,109000],{},[15,108997,453],{},[15,108999,462],{}," is called on an empty set.",[337,109002,109004],{"id":109003},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109006,243,109007,288,109009,10994,109011,117],{},[15,109008,447],{},[15,109010,17],{},[15,109012,462],{},[46,109014,1808],{"id":1807},[260,109016,109017,109021,109027,109033,109037],{},[263,109018,109019],{},[30,109020,96216],{"href":97385},[263,109022,109023],{},[30,109024,1815,109025,1818],{"href":32},[15,109026,447],{},[263,109028,109029],{},[30,109030,1815,109031,1818],{"href":108208},[15,109032,17],{},[263,109034,109035],{},[30,109036,1839],{"href":630},[263,109038,109039],{},[30,109040,55401],{"href":54953},[1841,109042,109043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":109045},[109046,109047,109049,109050,109051,109052,109058,109067,109068,109076],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":107972,"depth":111,"text":109048},"What set.pop() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":108110,"depth":111,"text":108111},{"id":108213,"depth":111,"text":108214},{"id":108367,"depth":111,"text":108368,"children":109053},[109054,109056],{"id":108433,"depth":136,"text":109055},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108524,"depth":136,"text":109057},"Use try and except",{"id":108614,"depth":111,"text":109059,"children":109060},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109061,109063,109065],{"id":108626,"depth":136,"text":109062},"Use pop()",{"id":108698,"depth":136,"text":109064},"Use remove()",{"id":108778,"depth":136,"text":109066},"Use discard()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":109069},[109070,109072,109074,109075],{"id":108965,"depth":136,"text":109071},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108977,"depth":136,"text":109073},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108992,"depth":136,"text":108993},{"id":109003,"depth":136,"text":109004},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107840,"description":109077},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109084,"title":109085,"body":109086,"description":110240,"extension":1883,"meta":110241,"navigation":152,"path":110242,"seo":110243,"stem":110244,"__hash__":110245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109087,"toc":110208},[109088,109093,109098,109107,109109,109174,109178,109202,109209,109214,109218,109233,109236,109238,109257,109271,109274,109322,109326,109342,109344,109417,109421,109446,109452,109460,109464,109471,109526,109531,109548,109554,109560,109565,109573,109580,109584,109592,109647,109649,109666,109670,109677,109742,109746,109779,109781,109793,109800,109802,109807,109814,109816,109885,109889,109897,109899,109963,109967,109972,110019,110024,110092,110100,110107,110110,110116,110121,110125,110127,110130,110132,110137,110142,110148,110153,110160,110168,110174,110177,110179,110205],[10,109089,13,109091,18],{"id":109090},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109092,447],{},[20,109094,109095,109097],{},[15,109096,35],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109099,109100,109101,109104,109105,117],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[41,109102,109103],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109106,453],{},[46,109108,49],{"id":48},[51,109110,109112],{"className":53,"code":109111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109113,109114,109146,109164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109115,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109117,67],{"class":66},[60,109119,71],{"class":70},[60,109121,75],{"class":74},[60,109123,79],{"class":78},[60,109125,83],{"class":82},[60,109127,79],{"class":78},[60,109129,88],{"class":74},[60,109131,91],{"class":78},[60,109133,94],{"class":82},[60,109135,79],{"class":78},[60,109137,88],{"class":74},[60,109139,91],{"class":78},[60,109141,103],{"class":82},[60,109143,79],{"class":78},[60,109145,108],{"class":74},[60,109147,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109149,114],{"class":66},[60,109151,117],{"class":74},[60,109153,558],{"class":120},[60,109155,124],{"class":74},[60,109157,79],{"class":78},[60,109159,94],{"class":82},[60,109161,79],{"class":78},[60,109163,133],{"class":74},[60,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109167,140],{"class":139},[60,109169,124],{"class":74},[60,109171,114],{"class":120},[60,109173,133],{"class":74},[20,109175,109176],{},[41,109177,192],{},[51,109179,109180],{"className":53,"code":813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109181,109182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109183,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109185,202],{"class":74},[60,109187,205],{"class":78},[60,109189,83],{"class":82},[60,109191,205],{"class":78},[60,109193,88],{"class":74},[60,109195,214],{"class":78},[60,109197,103],{"class":82},[60,109199,205],{"class":78},[60,109201,108],{"class":74},[20,109203,243,109204,109206,109207,117],{},[15,109205,447],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109208,453],{},[46,109210,250,109212,253],{"id":109211},"what-setremove-does",[15,109213,35],{},[20,109215,109216,258],{},[15,109217,35],{},[260,109219,109220,109223,109225,109227],{},[263,109221,109222],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[263,109224,271],{},[263,109226,96207],{},[263,109228,109229,109230,109232],{},"Raises ",[15,109231,453],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109234,109235],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[46,109237,296],{"id":295},[51,109239,109241],{"className":53,"code":109240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109242,109243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109244,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109246,306],{"class":66},[60,109248,117],{"class":74},[60,109250,558],{"class":120},[60,109252,124],{"class":74},[60,109254,315],{"class":120},[60,109256,133],{"class":74},[260,109258,109259,109263,109268],{},[263,109260,109261,324],{},[15,109262,306],{},[263,109264,109265,109267],{},[15,109266,315],{}," is the item to remove",[263,109269,109270],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109272,109273],{},"Here is a small example:",[51,109275,109276],{"className":53,"code":108718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109277,109278,109298,109312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109279,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109281,350],{"class":66},[60,109283,71],{"class":70},[60,109285,75],{"class":74},[60,109287,358],{"class":357},[60,109289,88],{"class":74},[60,109291,363],{"class":357},[60,109293,88],{"class":74},[60,109295,368],{"class":357},[60,109297,108],{"class":74},[60,109299,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109301,380],{"class":66},[60,109303,117],{"class":74},[60,109305,558],{"class":120},[60,109307,124],{"class":74},[60,109309,1303],{"class":357},[60,109311,133],{"class":74},[60,109313,109314,109316,109318,109320],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109315,140],{"class":139},[60,109317,124],{"class":74},[60,109319,380],{"class":120},[60,109321,133],{"class":74},[20,109323,109324],{},[41,109325,192],{},[51,109327,109328],{"className":53,"code":101179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109329,109330],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109333,202],{"class":74},[60,109335,358],{"class":357},[60,109337,88],{"class":74},[60,109339,368],{"class":357},[60,109341,108],{"class":74},[46,109343,839],{"id":838},[51,109345,109347],{"className":53,"code":109346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109348,109349,109381,109385,109403,109407],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109352,852],{"class":66},[60,109354,71],{"class":70},[60,109356,75],{"class":74},[60,109358,79],{"class":78},[60,109360,495],{"class":82},[60,109362,79],{"class":78},[60,109364,88],{"class":74},[60,109366,91],{"class":78},[60,109368,504],{"class":82},[60,109370,79],{"class":78},[60,109372,88],{"class":74},[60,109374,91],{"class":78},[60,109376,528],{"class":82},[60,109378,79],{"class":78},[60,109380,108],{"class":74},[60,109382,109383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109384,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,109386,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109388,913],{"class":66},[60,109390,117],{"class":74},[60,109392,558],{"class":120},[60,109394,124],{"class":74},[60,109396,79],{"class":78},[60,109398,504],{"class":82},[60,109400,79],{"class":78},[60,109402,133],{"class":74},[60,109404,109405],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,109406,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,109408,109409,109411,109413,109415],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,109410,140],{"class":139},[60,109412,124],{"class":74},[60,109414,913],{"class":120},[60,109416,133],{"class":74},[20,109418,109419],{},[41,109420,192],{},[51,109422,109424],{"className":53,"code":109423,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109425,109426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109427,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109429,202],{"class":74},[60,109431,205],{"class":78},[60,109433,495],{"class":82},[60,109435,205],{"class":78},[60,109437,88],{"class":74},[60,109439,214],{"class":78},[60,109441,528],{"class":82},[60,109443,205],{"class":78},[60,109445,108],{"class":74},[20,109447,109448,109449,109451],{},"This removes ",[15,109450,65162],{}," from the set.",[20,109453,109454,109455,109457,109458,117],{},"A set does ",[41,109456,43],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[30,109459,96220],{"href":291},[46,109461,109463],{"id":109462},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109465,109466,109467,52381,109469,117],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109468,447],{},[15,109470,453],{},[51,109472,109474],{"className":53,"code":109473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109475,109476,109508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109477,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109479,67],{"class":66},[60,109481,71],{"class":70},[60,109483,75],{"class":74},[60,109485,79],{"class":78},[60,109487,83],{"class":82},[60,109489,79],{"class":78},[60,109491,88],{"class":74},[60,109493,91],{"class":78},[60,109495,94],{"class":82},[60,109497,79],{"class":78},[60,109499,88],{"class":74},[60,109501,91],{"class":78},[60,109503,103],{"class":82},[60,109505,79],{"class":78},[60,109507,108],{"class":74},[60,109509,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109511,114],{"class":66},[60,109513,117],{"class":74},[60,109515,558],{"class":120},[60,109517,124],{"class":74},[60,109519,79],{"class":78},[60,109521,169],{"class":82},[60,109523,79],{"class":78},[60,109525,133],{"class":74},[20,109527,109528],{},[41,109529,109530],{},"Result:",[51,109532,109534],{"className":53,"code":109533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109535,109536],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109539,453],{"class":1683},[60,109541,258],{"class":74},[60,109543,214],{"class":78},[60,109545,169],{"class":82},[60,109547,29585],{"class":78},[20,109549,22077,109550,109553],{},[15,109551,109552],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109555,109556,109557,109559],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109558,447],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109561,109562,109563,117],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[30,109564,1839],{"href":630},[46,109566,4110,109568,109570,109571],{"id":109567},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109569,447],{}," is different from ",[15,109572,17],{},[20,109574,109575,1776,109577,109579],{},[15,109576,447],{},[15,109578,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[337,109581,109582],{"id":558},[15,109583,447],{},[260,109585,109586,109589],{},[263,109587,109588],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[263,109590,109591],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[51,109593,109595],{"className":53,"code":109594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109596,109597,109629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109598,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109600,1411],{"class":66},[60,109602,71],{"class":70},[60,109604,75],{"class":74},[60,109606,79],{"class":78},[60,109608,30],{"class":82},[60,109610,79],{"class":78},[60,109612,88],{"class":74},[60,109614,91],{"class":78},[60,109616,1428],{"class":82},[60,109618,79],{"class":78},[60,109620,88],{"class":74},[60,109622,91],{"class":78},[60,109624,1437],{"class":82},[60,109626,79],{"class":78},[60,109628,108],{"class":74},[60,109630,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109632,1446],{"class":66},[60,109634,117],{"class":74},[60,109636,558],{"class":120},[60,109638,124],{"class":74},[60,109640,79],{"class":78},[60,109642,18658],{"class":82},[60,109644,79],{"class":78},[60,109646,133],{"class":74},[20,109648,108405],{},[51,109650,109652],{"className":53,"code":109651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109653,109654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109655,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109657,453],{"class":1683},[60,109659,258],{"class":74},[60,109661,214],{"class":78},[60,109663,18658],{"class":82},[60,109665,29585],{"class":78},[337,109667,109668],{"id":121},[15,109669,17],{},[260,109671,109672,109674],{},[263,109673,109588],{},[263,109675,109676],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[51,109678,109680],{"className":53,"code":109679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109681,109682,109714,109732],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109683,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109685,1411],{"class":66},[60,109687,71],{"class":70},[60,109689,75],{"class":74},[60,109691,79],{"class":78},[60,109693,30],{"class":82},[60,109695,79],{"class":78},[60,109697,88],{"class":74},[60,109699,91],{"class":78},[60,109701,1428],{"class":82},[60,109703,79],{"class":78},[60,109705,88],{"class":74},[60,109707,91],{"class":78},[60,109709,1437],{"class":82},[60,109711,79],{"class":78},[60,109713,108],{"class":74},[60,109715,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109717,1446],{"class":66},[60,109719,117],{"class":74},[60,109721,121],{"class":120},[60,109723,124],{"class":74},[60,109725,79],{"class":78},[60,109727,18658],{"class":82},[60,109729,79],{"class":78},[60,109731,133],{"class":74},[60,109733,109734,109736,109738,109740],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109735,140],{"class":139},[60,109737,124],{"class":74},[60,109739,1446],{"class":120},[60,109741,133],{"class":74},[20,109743,109744],{},[41,109745,404],{},[51,109747,109749],{"className":53,"code":109748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109750,109751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109752,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109754,202],{"class":74},[60,109756,205],{"class":78},[60,109758,30],{"class":82},[60,109760,205],{"class":78},[60,109762,88],{"class":74},[60,109764,214],{"class":78},[60,109766,1428],{"class":82},[60,109768,205],{"class":78},[60,109770,88],{"class":74},[60,109772,214],{"class":78},[60,109774,1437],{"class":82},[60,109776,205],{"class":78},[60,109778,108],{"class":74},[20,109780,18585],{},[260,109782,109783,109788],{},[263,109784,109785,109787],{},[15,109786,447],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[263,109789,109790,109792],{},[15,109791,17],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109794,109795,109796,117],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[30,109797,1815,109798,1818],{"href":108208},[15,109799,17],{},[46,109801,4430],{"id":4429},[337,109803,1254,109805,97080],{"id":109804},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109806,447],{},[20,109808,109809,109811,109812,117],{},[15,109810,447],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109813,277],{},[20,109815,1498],{},[51,109817,109819],{"className":53,"code":109818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109820,109821,109853,109875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109822,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109824,67],{"class":66},[60,109826,71],{"class":70},[60,109828,75],{"class":74},[60,109830,79],{"class":78},[60,109832,83],{"class":82},[60,109834,79],{"class":78},[60,109836,88],{"class":74},[60,109838,91],{"class":78},[60,109840,94],{"class":82},[60,109842,79],{"class":78},[60,109844,88],{"class":74},[60,109846,91],{"class":78},[60,109848,103],{"class":82},[60,109850,79],{"class":78},[60,109852,108],{"class":74},[60,109854,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109856,13010],{"class":66},[60,109858,71],{"class":70},[60,109860,693],{"class":66},[60,109862,117],{"class":74},[60,109864,558],{"class":120},[60,109866,124],{"class":74},[60,109868,79],{"class":78},[60,109870,94],{"class":82},[60,109872,79],{"class":78},[60,109874,133],{"class":74},[60,109876,109877,109879,109881,109883],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109878,140],{"class":139},[60,109880,124],{"class":74},[60,109882,13033],{"class":120},[60,109884,133],{"class":74},[20,109886,109887],{},[41,109888,404],{},[51,109890,109891],{"className":53,"code":727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109892,109893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109894,109895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109896,727],{"class":734},[20,109898,16546],{},[51,109900,109901],{"className":53,"code":109111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,109902,109903,109935,109953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109904,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109906,67],{"class":66},[60,109908,71],{"class":70},[60,109910,75],{"class":74},[60,109912,79],{"class":78},[60,109914,83],{"class":82},[60,109916,79],{"class":78},[60,109918,88],{"class":74},[60,109920,91],{"class":78},[60,109922,94],{"class":82},[60,109924,79],{"class":78},[60,109926,88],{"class":74},[60,109928,91],{"class":78},[60,109930,103],{"class":82},[60,109932,79],{"class":78},[60,109934,108],{"class":74},[60,109936,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109938,114],{"class":66},[60,109940,117],{"class":74},[60,109942,558],{"class":120},[60,109944,124],{"class":74},[60,109946,79],{"class":78},[60,109948,94],{"class":82},[60,109950,79],{"class":78},[60,109952,133],{"class":74},[60,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,109956,140],{"class":139},[60,109958,124],{"class":74},[60,109960,114],{"class":120},[60,109962,133],{"class":74},[337,109964,109966],{"id":109965},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109968,109969,109970,117],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109971,453],{},[51,109973,109975],{"className":53,"code":109974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109976,109977,110001],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109978,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109980,67],{"class":66},[60,109982,71],{"class":70},[60,109984,75],{"class":74},[60,109986,79],{"class":78},[60,109988,83],{"class":82},[60,109990,79],{"class":78},[60,109992,88],{"class":74},[60,109994,91],{"class":78},[60,109996,94],{"class":82},[60,109998,79],{"class":78},[60,110000,108],{"class":74},[60,110002,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110004,114],{"class":66},[60,110006,117],{"class":74},[60,110008,558],{"class":120},[60,110010,124],{"class":74},[60,110012,79],{"class":78},[60,110014,103],{"class":82},[60,110016,79],{"class":78},[60,110018,133],{"class":74},[20,110020,110021,110022,258],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110023,1703],{},[51,110025,110027],{"className":53,"code":110026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110028,110029,110053,110057,110073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110030,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110032,67],{"class":66},[60,110034,71],{"class":70},[60,110036,75],{"class":74},[60,110038,79],{"class":78},[60,110040,83],{"class":82},[60,110042,79],{"class":78},[60,110044,88],{"class":74},[60,110046,91],{"class":78},[60,110048,94],{"class":82},[60,110050,79],{"class":78},[60,110052,108],{"class":74},[60,110054,110055],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110056,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110058,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,110060,1154],{"class":1153},[60,110062,91],{"class":78},[60,110064,103],{"class":82},[60,110066,79],{"class":78},[60,110068,1163],{"class":70},[60,110070,693],{"class":66},[60,110072,1168],{"class":74},[60,110074,110075,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,110076,110077],{"class":66},"    colors",[60,110079,117],{"class":74},[60,110081,558],{"class":120},[60,110083,124],{"class":74},[60,110085,79],{"class":78},[60,110087,103],{"class":82},[60,110089,79],{"class":78},[60,110091,133],{"class":74},[20,110093,110094,110095,110099],{},"Or use ",[30,110096,110097],{"href":108208},[15,110098,17],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[337,110101,1391,110103,1394,110105],{"id":110102},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110104,35],{},[15,110106,54961],{},[20,110108,110109],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110111,110112,110113,110115],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110114,35],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110117,110118,110119,117],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[30,110120,98960],{"href":98959},[337,110122,110124],{"id":110123},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110126,108114],{},[20,110128,110129],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[46,110131,1746],{"id":1745},[337,110133,12599,110135,97179],{"id":110134},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110136,35],{},[20,110138,110139,110140,117],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110141,277],{},[337,110143,30172,110145,110147],{"id":110144},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110146,35],{}," raise?",[20,110149,30178,110150,110152],{},[15,110151,453],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[337,110154,21309,110156,288,110158,1779],{"id":110155},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110157,447],{},[15,110159,17],{},[20,110161,243,110162,110164,110165,110167],{},[15,110163,447],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110166,17],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[337,110169,5079,110171,110173],{"id":110170},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110172,35],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110175,110176],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[46,110178,1808],{"id":1807},[260,110180,110181,110187,110193,110197,110201],{},[263,110182,110183],{},[30,110184,1815,110185,1818],{"href":108208},[15,110186,17],{},[263,110188,110189],{},[30,110190,1815,110191,1818],{"href":459},[15,110192,462],{},[263,110194,110195],{},[30,110196,97224],{"href":291},[263,110198,110199],{},[30,110200,100226],{"href":98959},[263,110202,110203],{},[30,110204,1839],{"href":630},[1841,110206,110207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":110209},[110210,110211,110213,110214,110215,110216,110221,110229,110239],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":109211,"depth":111,"text":110212},"What set.remove() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":109462,"depth":111,"text":109463},{"id":109567,"depth":111,"text":110217,"children":110218},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110219,110220],{"id":558,"depth":136,"text":447},{"id":121,"depth":136,"text":17},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":110222},[110223,110225,110226,110228],{"id":109804,"depth":136,"text":110224},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109965,"depth":136,"text":109966},{"id":110102,"depth":136,"text":110227},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110123,"depth":136,"text":110124},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":110230},[110231,110233,110235,110237],{"id":110134,"depth":136,"text":110232},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110144,"depth":136,"text":110234},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110155,"depth":136,"text":110236},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110170,"depth":136,"text":110238},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109085,"description":110240},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110247,"title":110248,"body":110249,"description":111622,"extension":1883,"meta":111623,"navigation":152,"path":111624,"seo":111625,"stem":111626,"__hash__":111627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110250,"toc":111597},[110251,110257,110263,110266,110269,110283,110285,110366,110369,110374,110378,110392,110399,110401,110420,110423,110441,110443,110523,110525,110550,110554,110557,110565,110570,110575,110577,110590,110595,110598,110622,110625,110633,110635,110638,110735,110737,110770,110772,110798,110805,110808,110812,110820,110824,110832,110834,110924,110926,110940,110947,110952,110957,110959,111050,111052,111064,111066,111080,111086,111094,111096,111178,111180,111225,111228,111236,111239,111241,111245,111288,111290,111310,111315,111317,111402,111404,111409,111411,111418,111426,111432,111435,111437,111523,111525,111549,111553,111556,111558,111585,111595],[10,110252,13,110254,18],{"id":110253},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110255,110256],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110258,110259,110262],{},[15,110260,110261],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110264,110265],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110267,110268],{},"Use it when:",[260,110270,110271,110274,110280],{},[263,110272,110273],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[263,110275,110276,110277,110279],{},"you do ",[41,110278,43],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[263,110281,110282],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[46,110284,3525],{"id":3524},[51,110286,110288],{"className":53,"code":110287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110289,110290,110310,110330,110334,110353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110291,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110293,2471],{"class":66},[60,110295,71],{"class":70},[60,110297,75],{"class":74},[60,110299,358],{"class":357},[60,110301,88],{"class":74},[60,110303,363],{"class":357},[60,110305,88],{"class":74},[60,110307,368],{"class":357},[60,110309,108],{"class":74},[60,110311,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110313,2499],{"class":66},[60,110315,71],{"class":70},[60,110317,75],{"class":74},[60,110319,389],{"class":357},[60,110321,88],{"class":74},[60,110323,373],{"class":357},[60,110325,88],{"class":74},[60,110327,4516],{"class":357},[60,110329,108],{"class":74},[60,110331,110332],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,110333,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110335,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110347,110349,110351],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,110337,688],{"class":66},[60,110339,71],{"class":70},[60,110341,56773],{"class":66},[60,110343,117],{"class":74},[60,110345,110346],{"class":120},"symmetric_difference",[60,110348,124],{"class":74},[60,110350,1428],{"class":120},[60,110352,133],{"class":74},[60,110354,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,110356,140],{"class":139},[60,110358,124],{"class":74},[60,110360,720],{"class":120},[60,110362,174],{"class":74},[60,110364,110365],{"class":177},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110367,110368],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[46,110370,250,110372,253],{"id":110371},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110373,110256],{},[20,110375,110376,258],{},[15,110377,110261],{},[260,110379,110380,110383,110386,110389],{},[263,110381,110382],{},"returns a new set",[263,110384,110385],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[263,110387,110388],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[263,110390,110391],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110393,283,110394,288,110396,117],{},[30,110395,96216],{"href":96215},[30,110397,110398],{"href":96219},"creating a set in Python",[46,110400,296],{"id":295},[51,110402,110404],{"className":53,"code":110403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110405,110406],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110407,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110409,100466],{"class":66},[60,110411,117],{"class":74},[60,110413,110346],{"class":120},[60,110415,124],{"class":74},[60,110417,100475],{"class":120},[60,110419,133],{"class":74},[20,110421,110422],{},"Notes:",[260,110424,110425,110430,110435,110438],{},[263,110426,110427,110429],{},[15,110428,100466],{}," must be a set",[263,110431,110432,110434],{},[15,110433,100475],{}," can be any iterable",[263,110436,110437],{},"the result is always a set",[263,110439,110440],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110442,2127],{},[51,110444,110446],{"className":53,"code":110445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110447,110448,110469,110490,110494,110513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110449,110450,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110451,110452],{"class":66},"set1 ",[60,110454,71],{"class":70},[60,110456,75],{"class":74},[60,110458,358],{"class":357},[60,110460,88],{"class":74},[60,110462,363],{"class":357},[60,110464,88],{"class":74},[60,110466,368],{"class":357},[60,110468,108],{"class":74},[60,110470,110471,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110472,110473],{"class":66},"set2 ",[60,110475,71],{"class":70},[60,110477,75],{"class":74},[60,110479,389],{"class":357},[60,110481,88],{"class":74},[60,110483,373],{"class":357},[60,110485,88],{"class":74},[60,110487,4516],{"class":357},[60,110489,108],{"class":74},[60,110491,110492],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,110493,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110495,110496,110498,110500,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,110497,688],{"class":66},[60,110499,71],{"class":70},[60,110501,110502],{"class":66}," set1",[60,110504,117],{"class":74},[60,110506,110346],{"class":120},[60,110508,124],{"class":74},[60,110510,100475],{"class":120},[60,110512,133],{"class":74},[60,110514,110515,110517,110519,110521],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,110516,140],{"class":139},[60,110518,124],{"class":74},[60,110520,720],{"class":120},[60,110522,133],{"class":74},[20,110524,404],{},[51,110526,110528],{"className":53,"code":110527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110529,110530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110531,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110533,202],{"class":74},[60,110535,358],{"class":357},[60,110537,88],{"class":74},[60,110539,363],{"class":357},[60,110541,88],{"class":74},[60,110543,373],{"class":357},[60,110545,88],{"class":74},[60,110547,4516],{"class":357},[60,110549,108],{"class":74},[46,110551,110553],{"id":110552},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110555,110556],{},"The result includes:",[260,110558,110559,110562],{},[263,110560,110561],{},"items only in the first set",[263,110563,110564],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110566,110567,110568,10985],{},"The result does ",[41,110569,43],{},[260,110571,110572],{},[263,110573,110574],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110576,5382],{},[260,110578,110579,110584],{},[263,110580,110581,110582],{},"first set: ",[15,110583,100164],{},[263,110585,110586,110587],{},"second set: ",[15,110588,110589],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110591,3962,110592,110594],{},[15,110593,389],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110596,110597],{},"The output is:",[51,110599,110600],{"className":53,"code":110527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,110601,110602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110603,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110605,202],{"class":74},[60,110607,358],{"class":357},[60,110609,88],{"class":74},[60,110611,363],{"class":357},[60,110613,88],{"class":74},[60,110615,373],{"class":357},[60,110617,88],{"class":74},[60,110619,4516],{"class":357},[60,110621,108],{"class":74},[20,110623,110624],{},"Also remember:",[260,110626,110627,110630],{},[263,110628,110629],{},"sets are unordered",[263,110631,110632],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[46,110634,839],{"id":838},[20,110636,110637],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[51,110639,110641],{"className":53,"code":110640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110642,110643,110675,110699,110703,110721,110725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110644,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110646,106776],{"class":66},[60,110648,71],{"class":70},[60,110650,75],{"class":74},[60,110652,79],{"class":78},[60,110654,83],{"class":82},[60,110656,79],{"class":78},[60,110658,88],{"class":74},[60,110660,91],{"class":78},[60,110662,94],{"class":82},[60,110664,79],{"class":78},[60,110666,88],{"class":74},[60,110668,91],{"class":78},[60,110670,103],{"class":82},[60,110672,79],{"class":78},[60,110674,108],{"class":74},[60,110676,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110678,106809],{"class":66},[60,110680,71],{"class":70},[60,110682,75],{"class":74},[60,110684,79],{"class":78},[60,110686,103],{"class":82},[60,110688,79],{"class":78},[60,110690,88],{"class":74},[60,110692,91],{"class":78},[60,110694,169],{"class":82},[60,110696,79],{"class":78},[60,110698,108],{"class":74},[60,110700,110701],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,110702,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110704,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,110706,688],{"class":66},[60,110708,71],{"class":70},[60,110710,106851],{"class":66},[60,110712,117],{"class":74},[60,110714,110346],{"class":120},[60,110716,124],{"class":74},[60,110718,106860],{"class":120},[60,110720,133],{"class":74},[60,110722,110723],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,110724,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110726,110727,110729,110731,110733],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,110728,140],{"class":139},[60,110730,124],{"class":74},[60,110732,720],{"class":120},[60,110734,133],{"class":74},[20,110736,404],{},[51,110738,110740],{"className":53,"code":110739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110741,110742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110743,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110745,202],{"class":74},[60,110747,205],{"class":78},[60,110749,83],{"class":82},[60,110751,205],{"class":78},[60,110753,88],{"class":74},[60,110755,214],{"class":78},[60,110757,94],{"class":82},[60,110759,205],{"class":78},[60,110761,88],{"class":74},[60,110763,214],{"class":78},[60,110765,169],{"class":82},[60,110767,205],{"class":78},[60,110769,108],{"class":74},[20,110771,13300],{},[260,110773,110774,110779,110790],{},[263,110775,110776,110778],{},[15,110777,96381],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[263,110780,110781,1776,110783,110786,110787,110789],{},[15,110782,65280],{},[15,110784,110785],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110788,106913],{},", so they stay",[263,110791,110792,110794,110795,110797],{},[15,110793,109552],{}," is only in ",[15,110796,106860],{},", so it stays",[46,110799,110801,474,110803],{"id":110800},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110802,110256],{},[15,110804,100295],{},[20,110806,110807],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110809,110810,258],{},[15,110811,100295],{},[260,110813,110814,110817],{},[263,110815,110816],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[263,110818,110819],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110821,110822,258],{},[15,110823,110256],{},[260,110825,110826,110829],{},[263,110827,110828],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[263,110830,110831],{},"removes shared items",[20,110833,2127],{},[51,110835,110837],{"className":53,"code":110836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110838,110839,110859,110879,110883,110904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110840,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110842,2471],{"class":66},[60,110844,71],{"class":70},[60,110846,75],{"class":74},[60,110848,358],{"class":357},[60,110850,88],{"class":74},[60,110852,363],{"class":357},[60,110854,88],{"class":74},[60,110856,368],{"class":357},[60,110858,108],{"class":74},[60,110860,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110862,2499],{"class":66},[60,110864,71],{"class":70},[60,110866,75],{"class":74},[60,110868,389],{"class":357},[60,110870,88],{"class":74},[60,110872,373],{"class":357},[60,110874,88],{"class":74},[60,110876,4516],{"class":357},[60,110878,108],{"class":74},[60,110880,110881],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,110882,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,110884,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,110886,140],{"class":139},[60,110888,124],{"class":74},[60,110890,30],{"class":120},[60,110892,117],{"class":74},[60,110894,2729],{"class":120},[60,110896,124],{"class":74},[60,110898,1428],{"class":120},[60,110900,5271],{"class":74},[60,110902,110903],{"class":177},"            # {1, 2}\n",[60,110905,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,110907,140],{"class":139},[60,110909,124],{"class":74},[60,110911,30],{"class":120},[60,110913,117],{"class":74},[60,110915,110346],{"class":120},[60,110917,124],{"class":74},[60,110919,1428],{"class":120},[60,110921,5271],{"class":74},[60,110923,110365],{"class":177},[20,110925,18585],{},[260,110927,110928,110935],{},[263,110929,110930,110934],{},[30,110931,110932],{"href":102720},[15,110933,100295],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[263,110936,110937,110939],{},[15,110938,110256],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[46,110941,110943,474,110945],{"id":110942},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110944,110256],{},[15,110946,102679],{},[20,110948,110949,110951],{},[15,110950,102679],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110953,110954,110956],{},[15,110955,110256],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110958,2127],{},[51,110960,110962],{"className":53,"code":110961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110963,110964,110984,111004,111008,111030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110965,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110967,2471],{"class":66},[60,110969,71],{"class":70},[60,110971,75],{"class":74},[60,110973,358],{"class":357},[60,110975,88],{"class":74},[60,110977,363],{"class":357},[60,110979,88],{"class":74},[60,110981,368],{"class":357},[60,110983,108],{"class":74},[60,110985,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110987,2499],{"class":66},[60,110989,71],{"class":70},[60,110991,75],{"class":74},[60,110993,389],{"class":357},[60,110995,88],{"class":74},[60,110997,373],{"class":357},[60,110999,88],{"class":74},[60,111001,4516],{"class":357},[60,111003,108],{"class":74},[60,111005,111006],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111007,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111009,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111021,111023,111025,111027],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111011,140],{"class":139},[60,111013,124],{"class":74},[60,111015,30],{"class":120},[60,111017,117],{"class":74},[60,111019,111020],{"class":120},"union",[60,111022,124],{"class":74},[60,111024,1428],{"class":120},[60,111026,5271],{"class":74},[60,111028,111029],{"class":177},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[60,111031,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111033,140],{"class":139},[60,111035,124],{"class":74},[60,111037,30],{"class":120},[60,111039,117],{"class":74},[60,111041,110346],{"class":120},[60,111043,124],{"class":74},[60,111045,1428],{"class":120},[60,111047,5271],{"class":74},[60,111049,110365],{"class":177},[20,111051,27106],{},[260,111053,111054,111059],{},[263,111055,111056,111058],{},[15,111057,102679],{}," includes everything",[263,111060,111061,111063],{},[15,111062,110256],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111065,18585],{},[260,111067,111068,111075],{},[263,111069,111070,111074],{},[30,111071,111072],{"href":107481},[15,111073,102679],{}," when overlap does not matter",[263,111076,111077,111079],{},[15,111078,110256],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[46,111081,36496,111083,101479],{"id":111082},"using-the-operator",[15,111084,111085],{},"^",[20,111087,111088,111089,111091,111092,117],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111090,111085],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111093,110256],{},[20,111095,2127],{},[51,111097,111099],{"className":53,"code":111098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111100,111101,111121,111141,111145,111163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111102,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111104,110452],{"class":66},[60,111106,71],{"class":70},[60,111108,75],{"class":74},[60,111110,358],{"class":357},[60,111112,88],{"class":74},[60,111114,363],{"class":357},[60,111116,88],{"class":74},[60,111118,368],{"class":357},[60,111120,108],{"class":74},[60,111122,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135,111137,111139],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111124,110473],{"class":66},[60,111126,71],{"class":70},[60,111128,75],{"class":74},[60,111130,389],{"class":357},[60,111132,88],{"class":74},[60,111134,373],{"class":357},[60,111136,88],{"class":74},[60,111138,4516],{"class":357},[60,111140,108],{"class":74},[60,111142,111143],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111144,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111146,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111148,140],{"class":139},[60,111150,124],{"class":74},[60,111152,100466],{"class":120},[60,111154,117],{"class":74},[60,111156,110346],{"class":120},[60,111158,124],{"class":74},[60,111160,100475],{"class":120},[60,111162,1691],{"class":74},[60,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111176],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111166,140],{"class":139},[60,111168,124],{"class":74},[60,111170,110452],{"class":120},[60,111172,111085],{"class":70},[60,111174,111175],{"class":120}," set2",[60,111177,133],{"class":74},[20,111179,192],{},[51,111181,111183],{"className":53,"code":111182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111184,111185,111205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111186,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111188,202],{"class":74},[60,111190,358],{"class":357},[60,111192,88],{"class":74},[60,111194,363],{"class":357},[60,111196,88],{"class":74},[60,111198,373],{"class":357},[60,111200,88],{"class":74},[60,111202,4516],{"class":357},[60,111204,108],{"class":74},[60,111206,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111208,202],{"class":74},[60,111210,358],{"class":357},[60,111212,88],{"class":74},[60,111214,363],{"class":357},[60,111216,88],{"class":74},[60,111218,373],{"class":357},[60,111220,88],{"class":74},[60,111222,4516],{"class":357},[60,111224,108],{"class":74},[20,111226,111227],{},"Both forms:",[260,111229,111230,111233],{},[263,111231,111232],{},"return a new set",[263,111234,111235],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111237,111238],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[46,111240,4430],{"id":4429},[20,111242,21100,111243,258],{},[15,111244,110256],{},[260,111246,111247,111255,111265,111280],{},[263,111248,111249,111252,111254],{},[41,111250,111251],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9752,111253],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[263,111256,111257,111260,111262,111264],{},[41,111258,111259],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9752,111261],{},[15,111263,110256],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[263,111266,111267,111272,111274,111276,111277,111279],{},[41,111268,111269,111270],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111271,100295],{},[9752,111273],{},[15,111275,100295],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111278,110256],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[263,111281,111282,111285,111287],{},[41,111283,111284],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9752,111286],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111289,58748],{},[260,111291,111292,111301,111304,111307],{},[263,111293,50377,111294,44515,111296,111300],{},[15,111295,110256],{},[30,111297,111298],{"href":107481},[15,111299,102679],{}," is actually needed",[263,111302,111303],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[263,111305,111306],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[263,111308,111309],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111311,111312,111313,117],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[30,111314,98960],{"href":105094},[20,111316,62182],{},[51,111318,111320],{"className":53,"code":111319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111321,111322,111332,111342,111360,111374,111388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111323,111324,111326,111328,111330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111325,140],{"class":139},[60,111327,124],{"class":74},[60,111329,100466],{"class":120},[60,111331,133],{"class":74},[60,111333,111334,111336,111338,111340],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111335,140],{"class":139},[60,111337,124],{"class":74},[60,111339,100475],{"class":120},[60,111341,133],{"class":74},[60,111343,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111345,140],{"class":139},[60,111347,124],{"class":74},[60,111349,100466],{"class":120},[60,111351,117],{"class":74},[60,111353,110346],{"class":120},[60,111355,124],{"class":74},[60,111357,100475],{"class":120},[60,111359,1691],{"class":74},[60,111361,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111363,140],{"class":139},[60,111365,124],{"class":74},[60,111367,110452],{"class":120},[60,111369,111085],{"class":70},[60,111371,111175],{"class":120},[60,111373,133],{"class":74},[60,111375,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111377,140],{"class":139},[60,111379,124],{"class":74},[60,111381,1684],{"class":1683},[60,111383,124],{"class":74},[60,111385,100466],{"class":120},[60,111387,1691],{"class":74},[60,111389,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,111391,140],{"class":139},[60,111393,124],{"class":74},[60,111395,1684],{"class":1683},[60,111397,124],{"class":74},[60,111399,100475],{"class":120},[60,111401,1691],{"class":74},[46,111403,1746],{"id":1745},[337,111405,12599,111407,102619],{"id":111406},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111408,110256],{},[20,111410,102622],{},[337,111412,1773,111414,1776,111416,1779],{"id":111413},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111415,110256],{},[15,111417,100295],{},[20,111419,111420,111422,111423,111425],{},[15,111421,100295],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111424,110256],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[337,111427,1795,111429,111431],{"id":111428},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111430,110256],{}," with lists?",[20,111433,111434],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111436,2127],{},[51,111438,111440],{"className":53,"code":111439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111441,111442,111462,111482,111486,111513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111443,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111445,80546],{"class":66},[60,111447,71],{"class":70},[60,111449,1512],{"class":74},[60,111451,358],{"class":357},[60,111453,88],{"class":74},[60,111455,363],{"class":357},[60,111457,88],{"class":74},[60,111459,368],{"class":357},[60,111461,1525],{"class":74},[60,111463,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111465,80567],{"class":66},[60,111467,71],{"class":70},[60,111469,1512],{"class":74},[60,111471,389],{"class":357},[60,111473,88],{"class":74},[60,111475,373],{"class":357},[60,111477,88],{"class":74},[60,111479,4516],{"class":357},[60,111481,1525],{"class":74},[60,111483,111484],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111485,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111487,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111489,688],{"class":66},[60,111491,71],{"class":70},[60,111493,15525],{"class":1683},[60,111495,124],{"class":74},[60,111497,111498],{"class":120},"list1",[60,111500,8543],{"class":74},[60,111502,110346],{"class":120},[60,111504,124],{"class":74},[60,111506,1718],{"class":1683},[60,111508,124],{"class":74},[60,111510,80833],{"class":120},[60,111512,1691],{"class":74},[60,111514,111515,111517,111519,111521],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111516,140],{"class":139},[60,111518,124],{"class":74},[60,111520,720],{"class":120},[60,111522,133],{"class":74},[20,111524,404],{},[51,111526,111527],{"className":53,"code":110527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,111528,111529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111530,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111532,202],{"class":74},[60,111534,358],{"class":357},[60,111536,88],{"class":74},[60,111538,363],{"class":357},[60,111540,88],{"class":74},[60,111542,373],{"class":357},[60,111544,88],{"class":74},[60,111546,4516],{"class":357},[60,111548,108],{"class":74},[337,111550,111552],{"id":111551},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111554,111555],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[46,111557,1808],{"id":1807},[260,111559,111560,111564,111569,111575,111581],{},[263,111561,111562],{},[30,111563,96216],{"href":96215},[263,111565,111566],{},[30,111567,111568],{"href":96219},"Creating a set in Python",[263,111570,111571],{},[30,111572,1815,111573,1818],{"href":102720},[15,111574,100295],{},[263,111576,111577],{},[30,111578,1815,111579,1818],{"href":107481},[15,111580,102679],{},[263,111582,111583],{},[30,111584,100226],{"href":105094},[20,111586,111587,111588,36,111590,16963,111592,111594],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111589,100295],{},[15,111591,102679],{},[15,111593,110256],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1841,111596,57127],{},{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":111598},[111599,111600,111602,111603,111604,111605,111607,111609,111611,111612,111621],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":110371,"depth":111,"text":111601},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":110552,"depth":111,"text":110553},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":110800,"depth":111,"text":111606},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110942,"depth":111,"text":111608},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111082,"depth":111,"text":111610},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":111613},[111614,111616,111618,111620],{"id":111406,"depth":136,"text":111615},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111413,"depth":136,"text":111617},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111428,"depth":136,"text":111619},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111551,"depth":136,"text":111552},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110248,"description":111622},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111629,"title":111630,"body":111631,"description":113694,"extension":1883,"meta":113695,"navigation":152,"path":107481,"seo":113696,"stem":113697,"__hash__":113698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111632,"toc":113653},[111633,111638,111643,111646,111659,111661,111743,111748,111753,111757,111769,111772,111776,111778,111805,111807,111818,111821,111890,111892,111898,111901,111911,111913,112002,112007,112009,112016,112019,112021,112024,112144,112146,112215,112218,112235,112240,112243,112359,112361,112390,112393,112399,112404,112408,112489,112491,112519,112524,112528,112623,112625,112666,112670,112673,112740,112742,112783,112789,112804,112811,112818,112822,112828,112914,112918,112926,112997,113002,113009,113011,113017,113019,113084,113086,113102,113107,113110,113179,113183,113186,113245,113248,113252,113305,113318,113321,113374,113378,113380,113411,113414,113419,113472,113476,113479,113500,113512,113514,113567,113569,113574,113576,113582,113585,113591,113596,113600,113603,113611,113620,113622,113650],[10,111634,3491,111636,18],{"id":111635},"python-setunion-method",[15,111637,107794],{},[20,111639,111640,111642],{},[15,111641,107794],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111644,111645],{},"It is useful when you want:",[260,111647,111648,111651,111656],{},[263,111649,111650],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[263,111652,2471,111653,111655],{},[41,111654,100650],{}," as the result",[263,111657,111658],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[46,111660,49],{"id":48},[51,111662,111664],{"className":53,"code":111663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111665,111666,111686,111706,111710,111728,111738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111667,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111669,110452],{"class":66},[60,111671,71],{"class":70},[60,111673,75],{"class":74},[60,111675,358],{"class":357},[60,111677,88],{"class":74},[60,111679,363],{"class":357},[60,111681,88],{"class":74},[60,111683,368],{"class":357},[60,111685,108],{"class":74},[60,111687,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111689,110473],{"class":66},[60,111691,71],{"class":70},[60,111693,75],{"class":74},[60,111695,389],{"class":357},[60,111697,88],{"class":74},[60,111699,373],{"class":357},[60,111701,88],{"class":74},[60,111703,4516],{"class":357},[60,111705,108],{"class":74},[60,111707,111708],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111709,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111711,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111713,688],{"class":66},[60,111715,71],{"class":70},[60,111717,110502],{"class":66},[60,111719,117],{"class":74},[60,111721,111020],{"class":120},[60,111723,124],{"class":74},[60,111725,100475],{"class":120},[60,111727,133],{"class":74},[60,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111731,140],{"class":139},[60,111733,124],{"class":74},[60,111735,720],{"class":120},[60,111737,133],{"class":74},[60,111739,111740],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,111741,111742],{"class":177},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111744,111745,111747],{},[15,111746,102679],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[46,111749,250,111751,253],{"id":111750},"what-setunion-does",[15,111752,107794],{},[20,111754,111755,258],{},[15,111756,107794],{},[260,111758,111759,111762,111765,111767],{},[263,111760,111761],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[263,111763,111764],{},"keeps only unique values",[263,111766,110382],{},[263,111768,110391],{},[20,111770,111771],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111773,283,111774,117],{},[30,111775,96216],{"href":97385},[46,111777,296],{"id":295},[51,111779,111781],{"className":53,"code":111780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111782,111783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111784,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111786,100466],{"class":66},[60,111788,117],{"class":74},[60,111790,111020],{"class":120},[60,111792,124],{"class":74},[60,111794,100475],{"class":120},[60,111796,88],{"class":74},[60,111798,100502],{"class":120},[60,111800,88],{"class":74},[60,111802,34339],{"class":139},[60,111804,133],{"class":74},[20,111806,12946],{},[260,111808,111809,111812,111815],{},[263,111810,111811],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[263,111813,111814],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[263,111816,111817],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111819,111820],{},"Example with two sets:",[51,111822,111824],{"className":53,"code":111823,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111825,111826,111842,111858,111862,111880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111827,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111829,2471],{"class":66},[60,111831,71],{"class":70},[60,111833,75],{"class":74},[60,111835,358],{"class":357},[60,111837,88],{"class":74},[60,111839,363],{"class":357},[60,111841,108],{"class":74},[60,111843,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111845,2499],{"class":66},[60,111847,71],{"class":70},[60,111849,75],{"class":74},[60,111851,1303],{"class":357},[60,111853,88],{"class":74},[60,111855,368],{"class":357},[60,111857,108],{"class":74},[60,111859,111860],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111861,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111865,688],{"class":66},[60,111867,71],{"class":70},[60,111869,56773],{"class":66},[60,111871,117],{"class":74},[60,111873,111020],{"class":120},[60,111875,124],{"class":74},[60,111877,1428],{"class":120},[60,111879,133],{"class":74},[60,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111883,140],{"class":139},[60,111885,124],{"class":74},[60,111887,720],{"class":120},[60,111889,133],{"class":74},[46,111891,21859],{"id":21858},[20,111893,111894,100647,111896,117],{},[15,111895,107794],{},[41,111897,100650],{},[20,111899,111900],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[260,111902,111903,111906],{},[263,111904,111905],{},"the original set",[263,111907,111908,111909],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111910,102679],{},[20,111912,2127],{},[51,111914,111916],{"className":53,"code":111915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111917,111918,111934,111950,111954,111972,111976,111989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111919,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111921,2471],{"class":66},[60,111923,71],{"class":70},[60,111925,75],{"class":74},[60,111927,358],{"class":357},[60,111929,88],{"class":74},[60,111931,363],{"class":357},[60,111933,108],{"class":74},[60,111935,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111937,2499],{"class":66},[60,111939,71],{"class":70},[60,111941,75],{"class":74},[60,111943,1303],{"class":357},[60,111945,88],{"class":74},[60,111947,368],{"class":357},[60,111949,108],{"class":74},[60,111951,111952],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,111953,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111955,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,111957,688],{"class":66},[60,111959,71],{"class":70},[60,111961,56773],{"class":66},[60,111963,117],{"class":74},[60,111965,111020],{"class":120},[60,111967,124],{"class":74},[60,111969,1428],{"class":120},[60,111971,133],{"class":74},[60,111973,111974],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,111975,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,111977,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,111979,140],{"class":139},[60,111981,124],{"class":74},[60,111983,720],{"class":120},[60,111985,174],{"class":74},[60,111987,111988],{"class":177},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[60,111990,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,111992,140],{"class":139},[60,111994,124],{"class":74},[60,111996,30],{"class":120},[60,111998,174],{"class":74},[60,112000,112001],{"class":177},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112003,2205,112004,112006],{},[15,112005,30],{}," did not change.",[20,112008,110624],{},[260,112010,112011,112013],{},[263,112012,110629],{},[263,112014,112015],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112017,112018],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[46,112020,839],{"id":838},[20,112022,112023],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[51,112025,112027],{"className":53,"code":112026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112028,112029,112062,112095,112099,112119,112123,112133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112030,112031,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112032,112033],{"class":66},"fruits1 ",[60,112035,71],{"class":70},[60,112037,75],{"class":74},[60,112039,79],{"class":78},[60,112041,495],{"class":82},[60,112043,79],{"class":78},[60,112045,88],{"class":74},[60,112047,91],{"class":78},[60,112049,504],{"class":82},[60,112051,79],{"class":78},[60,112053,88],{"class":74},[60,112055,91],{"class":78},[60,112057,528],{"class":82},[60,112059,79],{"class":78},[60,112061,108],{"class":74},[60,112063,112064,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112065,112066],{"class":66},"fruits2 ",[60,112068,71],{"class":70},[60,112070,75],{"class":74},[60,112072,79],{"class":78},[60,112074,504],{"class":82},[60,112076,79],{"class":78},[60,112078,88],{"class":74},[60,112080,91],{"class":78},[60,112082,1084],{"class":82},[60,112084,79],{"class":78},[60,112086,88],{"class":74},[60,112088,91],{"class":78},[60,112090,528],{"class":82},[60,112092,79],{"class":78},[60,112094,108],{"class":74},[60,112096,112097],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112098,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112100,112101,112103,112105,112108,112110,112112,112114,112117],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112102,688],{"class":66},[60,112104,71],{"class":70},[60,112106,112107],{"class":66}," fruits1",[60,112109,117],{"class":74},[60,112111,111020],{"class":120},[60,112113,124],{"class":74},[60,112115,112116],{"class":120},"fruits2",[60,112118,133],{"class":74},[60,112120,112121],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112122,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112124,112125,112127,112129,112131],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,112126,140],{"class":139},[60,112128,124],{"class":74},[60,112130,720],{"class":120},[60,112132,133],{"class":74},[60,112134,112135,112137,112139,112142],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,112136,140],{"class":139},[60,112138,124],{"class":74},[60,112140,112141],{"class":120},"fruits1",[60,112143,133],{"class":74},[20,112145,192],{},[51,112147,112149],{"className":53,"code":112148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112150,112151,112187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112152,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112154,202],{"class":74},[60,112156,205],{"class":78},[60,112158,504],{"class":82},[60,112160,205],{"class":78},[60,112162,88],{"class":74},[60,112164,214],{"class":78},[60,112166,528],{"class":82},[60,112168,205],{"class":78},[60,112170,88],{"class":74},[60,112172,214],{"class":78},[60,112174,495],{"class":82},[60,112176,205],{"class":78},[60,112178,88],{"class":74},[60,112180,214],{"class":78},[60,112182,1084],{"class":82},[60,112184,205],{"class":78},[60,112186,108],{"class":74},[60,112188,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112190,202],{"class":74},[60,112192,205],{"class":78},[60,112194,504],{"class":82},[60,112196,205],{"class":78},[60,112198,88],{"class":74},[60,112200,214],{"class":78},[60,112202,528],{"class":82},[60,112204,205],{"class":78},[60,112206,88],{"class":74},[60,112208,214],{"class":78},[60,112210,495],{"class":82},[60,112212,205],{"class":78},[60,112214,108],{"class":74},[20,112216,112217],{},"What this shows:",[260,112219,112220,112227,112230],{},[263,112221,112222,1776,112224,112226],{},[15,112223,65162],{},[15,112225,65589],{}," appear in both sets",[263,112228,112229],{},"they appear only once in the result",[263,112231,112232,112234],{},[15,112233,112141],{}," stays unchanged",[46,112236,8331,112238,101039],{"id":112237},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112239,102679],{},[20,112241,112242],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[51,112244,112246],{"className":53,"code":112245,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112247,112248,112264,112280,112297,112314,112318,112345,112349],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112249,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112251,110452],{"class":66},[60,112253,71],{"class":70},[60,112255,75],{"class":74},[60,112257,358],{"class":357},[60,112259,88],{"class":74},[60,112261,363],{"class":357},[60,112263,108],{"class":74},[60,112265,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112267,110473],{"class":66},[60,112269,71],{"class":70},[60,112271,75],{"class":74},[60,112273,1303],{"class":357},[60,112275,88],{"class":74},[60,112277,368],{"class":357},[60,112279,108],{"class":74},[60,112281,112282,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112283,112284],{"class":66},"set3 ",[60,112286,71],{"class":70},[60,112288,75],{"class":74},[60,112290,389],{"class":357},[60,112292,88],{"class":74},[60,112294,373],{"class":357},[60,112296,108],{"class":74},[60,112298,112299,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112300,112301],{"class":66},"set4 ",[60,112303,71],{"class":70},[60,112305,75],{"class":74},[60,112307,2421],{"class":357},[60,112309,88],{"class":74},[60,112311,4516],{"class":357},[60,112313,108],{"class":74},[60,112315,112316],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112317,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112319,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112343],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,112321,688],{"class":66},[60,112323,71],{"class":70},[60,112325,110502],{"class":66},[60,112327,117],{"class":74},[60,112329,111020],{"class":120},[60,112331,124],{"class":74},[60,112333,100475],{"class":120},[60,112335,88],{"class":74},[60,112337,100502],{"class":120},[60,112339,88],{"class":74},[60,112341,112342],{"class":120}," set4",[60,112344,133],{"class":74},[60,112346,112347],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,112348,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112350,112351,112353,112355,112357],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,112352,140],{"class":139},[60,112354,124],{"class":74},[60,112356,720],{"class":120},[60,112358,133],{"class":74},[20,112360,192],{},[51,112362,112364],{"className":53,"code":112363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112365,112366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112369,202],{"class":74},[60,112371,358],{"class":357},[60,112373,88],{"class":74},[60,112375,363],{"class":357},[60,112377,88],{"class":74},[60,112379,368],{"class":357},[60,112381,88],{"class":74},[60,112383,373],{"class":357},[60,112385,88],{"class":74},[60,112387,4516],{"class":357},[60,112389,108],{"class":74},[20,112391,112392],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[46,112394,8331,112396,112398],{"id":112395},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112397,102679],{}," with other iterables",[20,112400,112401,112403],{},[15,112402,102679],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[337,112405,112407],{"id":112406},"with-a-list","With a list",[51,112409,112411],{"className":53,"code":112410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112412,112413,112433,112457,112461,112479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112414,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112416,350],{"class":66},[60,112418,71],{"class":70},[60,112420,75],{"class":74},[60,112422,358],{"class":357},[60,112424,88],{"class":74},[60,112426,363],{"class":357},[60,112428,88],{"class":74},[60,112430,368],{"class":357},[60,112432,108],{"class":74},[60,112434,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112436,60934],{"class":66},[60,112438,71],{"class":70},[60,112440,1512],{"class":74},[60,112442,389],{"class":357},[60,112444,88],{"class":74},[60,112446,373],{"class":357},[60,112448,88],{"class":74},[60,112450,4516],{"class":357},[60,112452,88],{"class":74},[60,112454,4516],{"class":357},[60,112456,1525],{"class":74},[60,112458,112459],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112460,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112462,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112464,688],{"class":66},[60,112466,71],{"class":70},[60,112468,1294],{"class":66},[60,112470,117],{"class":74},[60,112472,111020],{"class":120},[60,112474,124],{"class":74},[60,112476,60963],{"class":120},[60,112478,133],{"class":74},[60,112480,112481,112483,112485,112487],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112482,140],{"class":139},[60,112484,124],{"class":74},[60,112486,720],{"class":120},[60,112488,133],{"class":74},[20,112490,192],{},[51,112492,112493],{"className":53,"code":112363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,112494,112495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112496,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112498,202],{"class":74},[60,112500,358],{"class":357},[60,112502,88],{"class":74},[60,112504,363],{"class":357},[60,112506,88],{"class":74},[60,112508,368],{"class":357},[60,112510,88],{"class":74},[60,112512,373],{"class":357},[60,112514,88],{"class":74},[60,112516,4516],{"class":357},[60,112518,108],{"class":74},[20,112520,20867,112521,112523],{},[15,112522,2056],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[337,112525,112527],{"id":112526},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[51,112529,112531],{"className":53,"code":112530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112532,112533,112557,112590,112594,112613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112534,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112536,1411],{"class":66},[60,112538,71],{"class":70},[60,112540,75],{"class":74},[60,112542,79],{"class":78},[60,112544,30],{"class":82},[60,112546,79],{"class":78},[60,112548,88],{"class":74},[60,112550,91],{"class":78},[60,112552,1428],{"class":82},[60,112554,79],{"class":78},[60,112556,108],{"class":74},[60,112558,112559,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112560,112561],{"class":66},"more_letters ",[60,112563,71],{"class":70},[60,112565,9144],{"class":74},[60,112567,79],{"class":78},[60,112569,1428],{"class":82},[60,112571,79],{"class":78},[60,112573,88],{"class":74},[60,112575,91],{"class":78},[60,112577,1437],{"class":82},[60,112579,79],{"class":78},[60,112581,88],{"class":74},[60,112583,91],{"class":78},[60,112585,18658],{"class":82},[60,112587,79],{"class":78},[60,112589,133],{"class":74},[60,112591,112592],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112593,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112595,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112611],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112597,688],{"class":66},[60,112599,71],{"class":70},[60,112601,69984],{"class":66},[60,112603,117],{"class":74},[60,112605,111020],{"class":120},[60,112607,124],{"class":74},[60,112609,112610],{"class":120},"more_letters",[60,112612,133],{"class":74},[60,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112616,140],{"class":139},[60,112618,124],{"class":74},[60,112620,720],{"class":120},[60,112622,133],{"class":74},[20,112624,192],{},[51,112626,112628],{"className":53,"code":112627,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112629,112630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112631,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112633,202],{"class":74},[60,112635,205],{"class":78},[60,112637,30],{"class":82},[60,112639,205],{"class":78},[60,112641,88],{"class":74},[60,112643,214],{"class":78},[60,112645,1428],{"class":82},[60,112647,205],{"class":78},[60,112649,88],{"class":74},[60,112651,214],{"class":78},[60,112653,1437],{"class":82},[60,112655,205],{"class":78},[60,112657,88],{"class":74},[60,112659,214],{"class":78},[60,112661,18658],{"class":82},[60,112663,205],{"class":78},[60,112665,108],{"class":74},[337,112667,112669],{"id":112668},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112671,112672],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[51,112674,112676],{"className":53,"code":112675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112677,112678,112703,112726,112730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112679,112680,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112681,112682],{"class":66},"chars ",[60,112684,71],{"class":70},[60,112686,75],{"class":74},[60,112688,79],{"class":78},[60,112690,30],{"class":82},[60,112692,79],{"class":78},[60,112694,88],{"class":74},[60,112696,91],{"class":78},[60,112698,1428],{"class":82},[60,112700,79],{"class":78},[60,112702,108],{"class":74},[60,112704,112705,112707,112709,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112706,688],{"class":66},[60,112708,71],{"class":70},[60,112710,112711],{"class":66}," chars",[60,112713,117],{"class":74},[60,112715,111020],{"class":120},[60,112717,124],{"class":74},[60,112719,79],{"class":78},[60,112721,36931],{"class":82},[60,112723,79],{"class":78},[60,112725,133],{"class":74},[60,112727,112728],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112729,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112733,140],{"class":139},[60,112735,124],{"class":74},[60,112737,720],{"class":120},[60,112739,133],{"class":74},[20,112741,192],{},[51,112743,112745],{"className":53,"code":112744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112746,112747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112748,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112750,202],{"class":74},[60,112752,205],{"class":78},[60,112754,30],{"class":82},[60,112756,205],{"class":78},[60,112758,88],{"class":74},[60,112760,214],{"class":78},[60,112762,1428],{"class":82},[60,112764,205],{"class":78},[60,112766,88],{"class":74},[60,112768,214],{"class":78},[60,112770,1437],{"class":82},[60,112772,205],{"class":78},[60,112774,88],{"class":74},[60,112776,214],{"class":78},[60,112778,63174],{"class":82},[60,112780,205],{"class":78},[60,112782,108],{"class":74},[20,112784,22077,112785,112788],{},[15,112786,112787],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[260,112790,112791,112795,112799],{},[263,112792,112793],{},[15,112794,66369],{},[263,112796,112797],{},[15,112798,17986],{},[263,112800,112801],{},[15,112802,112803],{},"\"t\"",[46,112805,112807,474,112809],{"id":112806},"union-vs-update",[15,112808,102679],{},[15,112810,14845],{},[20,112812,112813,1776,112815,112817],{},[15,112814,102679],{},[15,112816,14845],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[337,112819,112820],{"id":111020},[15,112821,102679],{},[260,112823,112824,112826],{},[263,112825,110382],{},[263,112827,110391],{},[51,112829,112830],{"className":53,"code":111915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,112831,112832,112848,112864,112868,112886,112890,112902],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112833,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112835,2471],{"class":66},[60,112837,71],{"class":70},[60,112839,75],{"class":74},[60,112841,358],{"class":357},[60,112843,88],{"class":74},[60,112845,363],{"class":357},[60,112847,108],{"class":74},[60,112849,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112851,2499],{"class":66},[60,112853,71],{"class":70},[60,112855,75],{"class":74},[60,112857,1303],{"class":357},[60,112859,88],{"class":74},[60,112861,368],{"class":357},[60,112863,108],{"class":74},[60,112865,112866],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112867,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112869,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112871,688],{"class":66},[60,112873,71],{"class":70},[60,112875,56773],{"class":66},[60,112877,117],{"class":74},[60,112879,111020],{"class":120},[60,112881,124],{"class":74},[60,112883,1428],{"class":120},[60,112885,133],{"class":74},[60,112887,112888],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112889,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112891,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,112893,140],{"class":139},[60,112895,124],{"class":74},[60,112897,720],{"class":120},[60,112899,174],{"class":74},[60,112901,111988],{"class":177},[60,112903,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,112905,140],{"class":139},[60,112907,124],{"class":74},[60,112909,30],{"class":120},[60,112911,174],{"class":74},[60,112913,112001],{"class":177},[337,112915,112916],{"id":30349},[15,112917,14845],{},[260,112919,112920,112923],{},[263,112921,112922],{},"changes the existing set in place",[263,112924,112925],{},"does not create a separate result set",[51,112927,112929],{"className":53,"code":112928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112930,112931,112947,112963,112967,112981,112985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112932,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112934,2471],{"class":66},[60,112936,71],{"class":70},[60,112938,75],{"class":74},[60,112940,358],{"class":357},[60,112942,88],{"class":74},[60,112944,363],{"class":357},[60,112946,108],{"class":74},[60,112948,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112950,2499],{"class":66},[60,112952,71],{"class":70},[60,112954,75],{"class":74},[60,112956,1303],{"class":357},[60,112958,88],{"class":74},[60,112960,368],{"class":357},[60,112962,108],{"class":74},[60,112964,112965],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,112966,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112968,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,112970,30],{"class":66},[60,112972,117],{"class":74},[60,112974,30349],{"class":120},[60,112976,124],{"class":74},[60,112978,1428],{"class":120},[60,112980,133],{"class":74},[60,112982,112983],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,112984,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,112986,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,112988,140],{"class":139},[60,112990,124],{"class":74},[60,112992,30],{"class":120},[60,112994,174],{"class":74},[60,112996,111988],{"class":177},[20,112998,243,112999,113001],{},[15,113000,102679],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113003,113004,113005,117],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[30,113006,3491,113007,1818],{"href":98402},[15,113008,97200],{},[46,113010,4430],{"id":4429},[337,113012,1254,113014,113016],{"id":113013},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113015,102679],{}," to change the original set",[20,113018,81715],{},[51,113020,113022],{"className":53,"code":113021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113023,113024,113040,113056,113060,113074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113025,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113027,2471],{"class":66},[60,113029,71],{"class":70},[60,113031,75],{"class":74},[60,113033,358],{"class":357},[60,113035,88],{"class":74},[60,113037,363],{"class":357},[60,113039,108],{"class":74},[60,113041,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113043,2499],{"class":66},[60,113045,71],{"class":70},[60,113047,75],{"class":74},[60,113049,1303],{"class":357},[60,113051,88],{"class":74},[60,113053,368],{"class":357},[60,113055,108],{"class":74},[60,113057,113058],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113059,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,113061,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113063,30],{"class":66},[60,113065,117],{"class":74},[60,113067,111020],{"class":120},[60,113069,124],{"class":74},[60,113071,1428],{"class":120},[60,113073,133],{"class":74},[60,113075,113076,113078,113080,113082],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,113077,140],{"class":139},[60,113079,124],{"class":74},[60,113081,30],{"class":120},[60,113083,133],{"class":74},[20,113085,404],{},[51,113087,113088],{"className":53,"code":100388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,113089,113090],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113091,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113093,202],{"class":74},[60,113095,358],{"class":357},[60,113097,88],{"class":74},[60,113099,363],{"class":357},[60,113101,108],{"class":74},[20,113103,8408,113104,113106],{},[15,113105,102679],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113108,113109],{},"Fix it like this:",[51,113111,113113],{"className":53,"code":113112,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113114,113115,113131,113147,113151,113169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113116,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113118,2471],{"class":66},[60,113120,71],{"class":70},[60,113122,75],{"class":74},[60,113124,358],{"class":357},[60,113126,88],{"class":74},[60,113128,363],{"class":357},[60,113130,108],{"class":74},[60,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113134,2499],{"class":66},[60,113136,71],{"class":70},[60,113138,75],{"class":74},[60,113140,1303],{"class":357},[60,113142,88],{"class":74},[60,113144,368],{"class":357},[60,113146,108],{"class":74},[60,113148,113149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113150,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,113152,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113154,2471],{"class":66},[60,113156,71],{"class":70},[60,113158,56773],{"class":66},[60,113160,117],{"class":74},[60,113162,111020],{"class":120},[60,113164,124],{"class":74},[60,113166,1428],{"class":120},[60,113168,133],{"class":74},[60,113170,113171,113173,113175,113177],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,113172,140],{"class":139},[60,113174,124],{"class":74},[60,113176,30],{"class":120},[60,113178,133],{"class":74},[337,113180,113182],{"id":113181},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113184,113185],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[51,113187,113189],{"className":53,"code":113188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113190,113191,113207,113223,113227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113192,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113194,2471],{"class":66},[60,113196,71],{"class":70},[60,113198,75],{"class":74},[60,113200,389],{"class":357},[60,113202,88],{"class":74},[60,113204,5408],{"class":357},[60,113206,108],{"class":74},[60,113208,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113210,2499],{"class":66},[60,113212,71],{"class":70},[60,113214,75],{"class":74},[60,113216,1303],{"class":357},[60,113218,88],{"class":74},[60,113220,373],{"class":357},[60,113222,108],{"class":74},[60,113224,113225],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113226,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113230,140],{"class":139},[60,113232,124],{"class":74},[60,113234,30],{"class":120},[60,113236,117],{"class":74},[60,113238,111020],{"class":120},[60,113240,124],{"class":74},[60,113242,1428],{"class":120},[60,113244,1691],{"class":74},[20,113246,113247],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[337,113249,113251],{"id":113250},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[51,113253,113255],{"className":53,"code":113254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113256,113257,113273,113295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113258,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113260,3983],{"class":66},[60,113262,71],{"class":70},[60,113264,75],{"class":74},[60,113266,79],{"class":78},[60,113268,58013],{"class":82},[60,113270,79],{"class":78},[60,113272,108],{"class":74},[60,113274,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113276,688],{"class":66},[60,113278,71],{"class":70},[60,113280,6080],{"class":66},[60,113282,117],{"class":74},[60,113284,111020],{"class":120},[60,113286,124],{"class":74},[60,113288,79],{"class":78},[60,113290,36931],{"class":82},[60,113292,79],{"class":78},[60,113294,133],{"class":74},[60,113296,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113298,140],{"class":139},[60,113300,124],{"class":74},[60,113302,720],{"class":120},[60,113304,133],{"class":74},[20,113306,113307,113308,36,113310,16963,113312,113314,113315,113317],{},"This adds ",[15,113309,66369],{},[15,113311,17986],{},[15,113313,112803],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113316,112787],{}," as one item.",[20,113319,113320],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[51,113322,113324],{"className":53,"code":113323,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113325,113326,113342,113364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113327,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113329,3983],{"class":66},[60,113331,71],{"class":70},[60,113333,75],{"class":74},[60,113335,79],{"class":78},[60,113337,58013],{"class":82},[60,113339,79],{"class":78},[60,113341,108],{"class":74},[60,113343,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113345,688],{"class":66},[60,113347,71],{"class":70},[60,113349,6080],{"class":66},[60,113351,117],{"class":74},[60,113353,111020],{"class":120},[60,113355,1641],{"class":74},[60,113357,79],{"class":78},[60,113359,36931],{"class":82},[60,113361,79],{"class":78},[60,113363,1646],{"class":74},[60,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113367,140],{"class":139},[60,113369,124],{"class":74},[60,113371,720],{"class":120},[60,113373,133],{"class":74},[337,113375,113377],{"id":113376},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113379,1603],{},[51,113381,113383],{"className":53,"code":113382,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113384,113385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113388,15520],{"class":66},[60,113390,71],{"class":70},[60,113392,75],{"class":74},[60,113394,358],{"class":357},[60,113396,88],{"class":74},[60,113398,363],{"class":357},[60,113400,88],{"class":74},[60,113402,1512],{"class":74},[60,113404,389],{"class":357},[60,113406,88],{"class":74},[60,113408,373],{"class":357},[60,113410,13597],{"class":74},[20,113412,113413],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113415,113416,113417,258],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113418,102679],{},[51,113420,113422],{"className":53,"code":113421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113423,113424,113440,113462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113425,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113427,15520],{"class":66},[60,113429,71],{"class":70},[60,113431,75],{"class":74},[60,113433,358],{"class":357},[60,113435,88],{"class":74},[60,113437,363],{"class":357},[60,113439,108],{"class":74},[60,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113443,688],{"class":66},[60,113445,71],{"class":70},[60,113447,1706],{"class":66},[60,113449,117],{"class":74},[60,113451,111020],{"class":120},[60,113453,1641],{"class":74},[60,113455,389],{"class":357},[60,113457,88],{"class":74},[60,113459,373],{"class":357},[60,113461,1646],{"class":74},[60,113463,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113465,140],{"class":139},[60,113467,124],{"class":74},[60,113469,720],{"class":120},[60,113471,133],{"class":74},[46,113473,113475],{"id":113474},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113477,113478],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[260,113480,113481,113487,113494,113497],{},[263,113482,113483,113484,113486],{},"call ",[15,113485,102679],{}," without saving the returned set",[263,113488,113489,113490,1394,113492],{},"confuse ",[15,113491,102679],{},[15,113493,14845],{},[263,113495,113496],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[263,113498,113499],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113501,113502,113503,1776,113507,117],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[30,113504,3491,113505,1818],{"href":102668},[15,113506,106324],{},[30,113508,3491,113510,1818],{"href":113509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113511,100300],{},[20,113513,62182],{},[51,113515,113517],{"className":53,"code":113516,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113518,113519,113529,113543,113553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113520,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113522,140],{"class":139},[60,113524,124],{"class":74},[60,113526,306],{"class":120},[60,113528,133],{"class":74},[60,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113532,140],{"class":139},[60,113534,124],{"class":74},[60,113536,1684],{"class":1683},[60,113538,124],{"class":74},[60,113540,306],{"class":120},[60,113542,1691],{"class":74},[60,113544,113545,113547,113549,113551],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113546,140],{"class":139},[60,113548,124],{"class":74},[60,113550,720],{"class":120},[60,113552,133],{"class":74},[60,113554,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563,113565],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113556,1713],{"class":139},[60,113558,124],{"class":74},[60,113560,1718],{"class":1683},[60,113562,117],{"class":74},[60,113564,111020],{"class":1723},[60,113566,133],{"class":74},[46,113568,1746],{"id":1745},[337,113570,12599,113572,102619],{"id":113571},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113573,107794],{},[20,113575,102622],{},[337,113577,5079,113579,113581],{"id":113578},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113580,102679],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113583,113584],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[337,113586,1795,113588,113590],{"id":113587},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113589,102679],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113592,42037,113593,113595],{},[15,113594,102679],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[337,113597,113599],{"id":113598},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113601,113602],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[337,113604,1773,113606,1776,113608,1779],{"id":113605},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113607,102679],{},[15,113609,113610],{},"|",[20,113612,113613,113614,113616,113617,113619],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113615,113610],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113618,102679],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[46,113621,1808],{"id":1807},[260,113623,113624,113628,113634,113640,113646],{},[263,113625,113626],{},[30,113627,96216],{"href":97385},[263,113629,113630],{},[30,113631,3491,113632,1818],{"href":98402},[15,113633,97200],{},[263,113635,113636],{},[30,113637,3491,113638,1818],{"href":102668},[15,113639,106324],{},[263,113641,113642],{},[30,113643,3491,113644,1818],{"href":113509},[15,113645,100300],{},[263,113647,113648],{},[30,113649,100226],{"href":98959},[1841,113651,113652],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":113654},[113655,113656,113658,113659,113660,113661,113663,113669,113674,113681,113682,113693],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":111750,"depth":111,"text":113657},"What set.union() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":21858,"depth":111,"text":21859},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":112237,"depth":111,"text":113662},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112395,"depth":111,"text":113664,"children":113665},"Using union() with other iterables",[113666,113667,113668],{"id":112406,"depth":136,"text":112407},{"id":112526,"depth":136,"text":112527},{"id":112668,"depth":136,"text":112669},{"id":112806,"depth":111,"text":113670,"children":113671},"union() vs update()",[113672,113673],{"id":111020,"depth":136,"text":102679},{"id":30349,"depth":136,"text":14845},{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":113675},[113676,113678,113679,113680],{"id":113013,"depth":136,"text":113677},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113181,"depth":136,"text":113182},{"id":113250,"depth":136,"text":113251},{"id":113376,"depth":136,"text":113377},{"id":113474,"depth":111,"text":113475},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":113683},[113684,113686,113688,113690,113691],{"id":113571,"depth":136,"text":113685},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113578,"depth":136,"text":113687},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113587,"depth":136,"text":113689},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113598,"depth":136,"text":113599},{"id":113605,"depth":136,"text":113692},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111630,"description":113694},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113700,"title":113701,"body":113702,"description":115591,"extension":1883,"meta":115592,"navigation":152,"path":96701,"seo":115593,"stem":115594,"__hash__":115595},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113703,"toc":115557},[113704,113709,113714,113722,113724,113782,113787,113792,113796,113808,113811,113885,113890,113892,113894,113913,113915,113932,113935,113962,113964,114034,114038,114040,114046,114048,114109,114114,114116,114173,114177,114182,114247,114249,114269,114276,114280,114285,114370,114373,114380,114483,114487,114492,114550,114553,114564,114578,114585,114643,114650,114653,114663,114667,114725,114729,114795,114798,114856,114863,114870,114873,114877,114886,114955,114959,114965,115053,115063,115067,115071,115075,115078,115139,115144,115201,115205,115207,115242,115249,115251,115305,115312,115316,115319,115384,115393,115399,115456,115458,115463,115467,115471,115474,115481,115489,115493,115498,115502,115508,115510,115545,115554],[10,113705,13,113707,18],{"id":113706},"python-set-update-method",[15,113708,14845],{},[20,113710,113711,113713],{},[15,113712,97200],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113715,113716,113717,113721],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[30,113718,113719],{"href":98383},[15,113720,96098],{},", which adds only one item.",[46,113723,3525],{"id":3524},[51,113725,113727],{"className":53,"code":113726,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113728,113729,113745,113767,113777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113732,350],{"class":66},[60,113734,71],{"class":70},[60,113736,75],{"class":74},[60,113738,358],{"class":357},[60,113740,88],{"class":74},[60,113742,363],{"class":357},[60,113744,108],{"class":74},[60,113746,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113748,380],{"class":66},[60,113750,117],{"class":74},[60,113752,30349],{"class":120},[60,113754,1641],{"class":74},[60,113756,1303],{"class":357},[60,113758,88],{"class":74},[60,113760,368],{"class":357},[60,113762,88],{"class":74},[60,113764,373],{"class":357},[60,113766,1646],{"class":74},[60,113768,113769,113771,113773,113775],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113770,140],{"class":139},[60,113772,124],{"class":74},[60,113774,380],{"class":120},[60,113776,133],{"class":74},[60,113778,113779],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113780,113781],{"class":177},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113783,243,113784,113786],{},[15,113785,14845],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[46,113788,250,113790,253],{"id":113789},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113791,97200],{},[20,113793,113794,258],{},[15,113795,97200],{},[260,113797,113798,113801,113803,113806],{},[263,113799,113800],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[263,113802,271],{},[263,113804,113805],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[263,113807,96207],{},[20,113809,113810],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[51,113812,113814],{"className":53,"code":113813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113815,113816,113840,113866,113870,113880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113817,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113819,67],{"class":66},[60,113821,71],{"class":70},[60,113823,75],{"class":74},[60,113825,79],{"class":78},[60,113827,83],{"class":82},[60,113829,79],{"class":78},[60,113831,88],{"class":74},[60,113833,91],{"class":78},[60,113835,94],{"class":82},[60,113837,79],{"class":78},[60,113839,108],{"class":74},[60,113841,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113843,114],{"class":66},[60,113845,117],{"class":74},[60,113847,30349],{"class":120},[60,113849,1641],{"class":74},[60,113851,79],{"class":78},[60,113853,94],{"class":82},[60,113855,79],{"class":78},[60,113857,88],{"class":74},[60,113859,91],{"class":78},[60,113861,103],{"class":82},[60,113863,79],{"class":78},[60,113865,1646],{"class":74},[60,113867,113868],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,113869,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,113871,113872,113874,113876,113878],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,113873,140],{"class":139},[60,113875,124],{"class":74},[60,113877,114],{"class":120},[60,113879,133],{"class":74},[60,113881,113882],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,113883,113884],{"class":177},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113886,20867,113887,113889],{},[15,113888,110785],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[46,113891,296],{"id":295},[20,113893,7129],{},[51,113895,113897],{"className":53,"code":113896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113898,113899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113900,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113902,306],{"class":66},[60,113904,117],{"class":74},[60,113906,30349],{"class":120},[60,113908,124],{"class":74},[60,113910,3634],{"class":120},[60,113912,133],{"class":74},[20,113914,80091],{},[260,113916,113917,113920,113923,113926,113929],{},[263,113918,113919],{},"A list",[263,113921,113922],{},"A tuple",[263,113924,113925],{},"Another set",[263,113927,113928],{},"A string",[263,113930,113931],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113933,113934],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[51,113936,113938],{"className":53,"code":113937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113939,113940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113943,306],{"class":66},[60,113945,117],{"class":74},[60,113947,30349],{"class":120},[60,113949,124],{"class":74},[60,113951,30],{"class":120},[60,113953,88],{"class":74},[60,113955,2476],{"class":120},[60,113957,88],{"class":74},[60,113959,9588],{"class":120},[60,113961,133],{"class":74},[20,113963,2127],{},[51,113965,113967],{"className":53,"code":113966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113968,113969,113981,114015,114019,114029],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113970,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113972,3736],{"class":66},[60,113974,71],{"class":70},[60,113976,75],{"class":74},[60,113978,358],{"class":357},[60,113980,108],{"class":74},[60,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113984,5268],{"class":66},[60,113986,117],{"class":74},[60,113988,30349],{"class":120},[60,113990,1641],{"class":74},[60,113992,1303],{"class":357},[60,113994,88],{"class":74},[60,113996,368],{"class":357},[60,113998,17952],{"class":74},[60,114000,9144],{"class":74},[60,114002,2421],{"class":357},[60,114004,88],{"class":74},[60,114006,4516],{"class":357},[60,114008,9141],{"class":74},[60,114010,75],{"class":74},[60,114012,80482],{"class":357},[60,114014,30381],{"class":74},[60,114016,114017],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114018,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114022,140],{"class":139},[60,114024,124],{"class":74},[60,114026,5268],{"class":120},[60,114028,133],{"class":74},[60,114030,114031],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114032,114033],{"class":177},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114035,283,114036,117],{},[30,114037,96220],{"href":291},[46,114039,21859],{"id":21858},[20,114041,114042,641,114044,117],{},[15,114043,97200],{},[15,114045,277],{},[20,114047,11609],{},[51,114049,114051],{"className":53,"code":114050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114052,114053,114069,114091,114095,114105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114054,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065,114067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114056,350],{"class":66},[60,114058,71],{"class":70},[60,114060,75],{"class":74},[60,114062,358],{"class":357},[60,114064,88],{"class":74},[60,114066,363],{"class":357},[60,114068,108],{"class":74},[60,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114072,688],{"class":66},[60,114074,71],{"class":70},[60,114076,1294],{"class":66},[60,114078,117],{"class":74},[60,114080,30349],{"class":120},[60,114082,1641],{"class":74},[60,114084,389],{"class":357},[60,114086,88],{"class":74},[60,114088,373],{"class":357},[60,114090,1646],{"class":74},[60,114092,114093],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114094,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114096,114097,114099,114101,114103],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114098,140],{"class":139},[60,114100,124],{"class":74},[60,114102,720],{"class":120},[60,114104,133],{"class":74},[60,114106,114107],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114108,61718],{"class":177},[20,114110,114111,114112,117],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114113,720],{},[20,114115,18858],{},[51,114117,114119],{"className":53,"code":114118,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114120,114121,114137,114155,114159,114169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114122,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114124,350],{"class":66},[60,114126,71],{"class":70},[60,114128,75],{"class":74},[60,114130,358],{"class":357},[60,114132,88],{"class":74},[60,114134,363],{"class":357},[60,114136,108],{"class":74},[60,114138,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114140,380],{"class":66},[60,114142,117],{"class":74},[60,114144,30349],{"class":120},[60,114146,1641],{"class":74},[60,114148,389],{"class":357},[60,114150,88],{"class":74},[60,114152,373],{"class":357},[60,114154,1646],{"class":74},[60,114156,114157],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114158,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114160,114161,114163,114165,114167],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114162,140],{"class":139},[60,114164,124],{"class":74},[60,114166,380],{"class":120},[60,114168,133],{"class":74},[60,114170,114171],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114172,113781],{"class":177},[46,114174,114176],{"id":114175},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114178,114179,114180,117],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114181,14845],{},[51,114183,114185],{"className":53,"code":114184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114186,114187,114203,114229,114233,114243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114188,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114190,350],{"class":66},[60,114192,71],{"class":70},[60,114194,75],{"class":74},[60,114196,358],{"class":357},[60,114198,88],{"class":74},[60,114200,363],{"class":357},[60,114202,108],{"class":74},[60,114204,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114206,380],{"class":66},[60,114208,117],{"class":74},[60,114210,30349],{"class":120},[60,114212,1641],{"class":74},[60,114214,1303],{"class":357},[60,114216,88],{"class":74},[60,114218,368],{"class":357},[60,114220,88],{"class":74},[60,114222,373],{"class":357},[60,114224,88],{"class":74},[60,114226,373],{"class":357},[60,114228,1646],{"class":74},[60,114230,114231],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114232,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114234,114235,114237,114239,114241],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114236,140],{"class":139},[60,114238,124],{"class":74},[60,114240,380],{"class":120},[60,114242,133],{"class":74},[60,114244,114245],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114246,113781],{"class":177},[20,114248,11578],{},[260,114250,114251,114256,114263],{},[263,114252,114253,114255],{},[15,114254,1303],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[263,114257,114258,1776,114260,114262],{},[15,114259,389],{},[15,114261,2421],{}," are added",[263,114264,114265,114266,114268],{},"The second ",[15,114267,2421],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114270,114271,114272,114275],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[30,114273,114274],{"href":98959},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[46,114277,114279],{"id":114278},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114281,7675,114282,114284],{},[15,114283,14845],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[51,114286,114288],{"className":53,"code":114287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114289,114290,114311,114332,114336,114352,114356,114366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114291,114292,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114293,114294],{"class":66},"set_a ",[60,114296,71],{"class":70},[60,114298,75],{"class":74},[60,114300,358],{"class":357},[60,114302,88],{"class":74},[60,114304,363],{"class":357},[60,114306,88],{"class":74},[60,114308,368],{"class":357},[60,114310,108],{"class":74},[60,114312,114313,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114314,114315],{"class":66},"set_b ",[60,114317,71],{"class":70},[60,114319,75],{"class":74},[60,114321,389],{"class":357},[60,114323,88],{"class":74},[60,114325,373],{"class":357},[60,114327,88],{"class":74},[60,114329,4516],{"class":357},[60,114331,108],{"class":74},[60,114333,114334],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114335,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114337,114338,114341,114343,114345,114347,114350],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114339,114340],{"class":66},"set_a",[60,114342,117],{"class":74},[60,114344,30349],{"class":120},[60,114346,124],{"class":74},[60,114348,114349],{"class":120},"set_b",[60,114351,133],{"class":74},[60,114353,114354],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114355,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114357,114358,114360,114362,114364],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,114359,140],{"class":139},[60,114361,124],{"class":74},[60,114363,114340],{"class":120},[60,114365,133],{"class":74},[60,114367,114368],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,114369,111742],{"class":177},[20,114371,114372],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114374,114375,114376,117],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[30,114377,114378],{"href":102676},[15,114379,107794],{},[51,114381,114383],{"className":53,"code":114382,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114384,114385,114405,114425,114429,114449,114453,114464,114468,114478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114386,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114388,114294],{"class":66},[60,114390,71],{"class":70},[60,114392,75],{"class":74},[60,114394,358],{"class":357},[60,114396,88],{"class":74},[60,114398,363],{"class":357},[60,114400,88],{"class":74},[60,114402,368],{"class":357},[60,114404,108],{"class":74},[60,114406,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114408,114315],{"class":66},[60,114410,71],{"class":70},[60,114412,75],{"class":74},[60,114414,389],{"class":357},[60,114416,88],{"class":74},[60,114418,373],{"class":357},[60,114420,88],{"class":74},[60,114422,4516],{"class":357},[60,114424,108],{"class":74},[60,114426,114427],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114428,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114430,114431,114434,114436,114439,114441,114443,114445,114447],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114432,114433],{"class":66},"combined ",[60,114435,71],{"class":70},[60,114437,114438],{"class":66}," set_a",[60,114440,117],{"class":74},[60,114442,111020],{"class":120},[60,114444,124],{"class":74},[60,114446,114349],{"class":120},[60,114448,133],{"class":74},[60,114450,114451],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114452,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114454,114455,114457,114459,114462],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,114456,140],{"class":139},[60,114458,124],{"class":74},[60,114460,114461],{"class":120},"combined",[60,114463,133],{"class":74},[60,114465,114466],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,114467,111742],{"class":177},[60,114469,114470,114472,114474,114476],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,114471,140],{"class":139},[60,114473,124],{"class":74},[60,114475,114340],{"class":120},[60,114477,133],{"class":74},[60,114479,114480],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,114481,114482],{"class":177},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[46,114484,114486],{"id":114485},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114488,64627,114489,114491],{},[15,114490,14845],{}," adds each character separately.",[51,114493,114495],{"className":53,"code":114494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114496,114497,114513,114531,114535,114545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114498,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114500,1411],{"class":66},[60,114502,71],{"class":70},[60,114504,75],{"class":74},[60,114506,79],{"class":78},[60,114508,2093],{"class":82},[60,114510,79],{"class":78},[60,114512,108],{"class":74},[60,114514,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114516,1446],{"class":66},[60,114518,117],{"class":74},[60,114520,30349],{"class":120},[60,114522,124],{"class":74},[60,114524,79],{"class":78},[60,114526,36931],{"class":82},[60,114528,79],{"class":78},[60,114530,133],{"class":74},[60,114532,114533],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114534,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114536,114537,114539,114541,114543],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114538,140],{"class":139},[60,114540,124],{"class":74},[60,114542,1446],{"class":120},[60,114544,133],{"class":74},[60,114546,114547],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114548,114549],{"class":177},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114551,114552],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114554,114555,39,114558,114560,114561,114563],{},[15,114556,114557],{},"update(\"cat\")",[41,114559,43],{}," add ",[15,114562,112787],{}," as one item. It adds:",[260,114565,114566,114570,114574],{},[263,114567,114568],{},[15,114569,66369],{},[263,114571,114572],{},[15,114573,17986],{},[263,114575,114576],{},[15,114577,112803],{},[20,114579,114580,114581,258],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[30,114582,114583],{"href":98383},[15,114584,96098],{},[51,114586,114588],{"className":53,"code":114587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114589,114590,114606,114624,114628,114638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114591,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114593,3983],{"class":66},[60,114595,71],{"class":70},[60,114597,75],{"class":74},[60,114599,79],{"class":78},[60,114601,58013],{"class":82},[60,114603,79],{"class":78},[60,114605,108],{"class":74},[60,114607,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114609,4025],{"class":66},[60,114611,117],{"class":74},[60,114613,81994],{"class":120},[60,114615,124],{"class":74},[60,114617,79],{"class":78},[60,114619,36931],{"class":82},[60,114621,79],{"class":78},[60,114623,133],{"class":74},[60,114625,114626],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114627,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114629,114630,114632,114634,114636],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114631,140],{"class":139},[60,114633,124],{"class":74},[60,114635,4025],{"class":120},[60,114637,133],{"class":74},[60,114639,114640],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114641,114642],{"class":177},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[46,114644,114646,474,114648],{"id":114645},"update-vs-add",[15,114647,14845],{},[15,114649,96093],{},[20,114651,114652],{},"The difference is simple:",[260,114654,114655,114659],{},[263,114656,114657,96690],{},[15,114658,96093],{},[263,114660,114661,96695],{},[15,114662,14845],{},[20,114664,45925,114665,258],{},[15,114666,96093],{},[51,114668,114670],{"className":53,"code":114669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114671,114672,114688,114706,114710,114720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114673,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114675,852],{"class":66},[60,114677,71],{"class":70},[60,114679,75],{"class":74},[60,114681,79],{"class":78},[60,114683,495],{"class":82},[60,114685,79],{"class":78},[60,114687,108],{"class":74},[60,114689,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114691,913],{"class":66},[60,114693,117],{"class":74},[60,114695,81994],{"class":120},[60,114697,124],{"class":74},[60,114699,79],{"class":78},[60,114701,504],{"class":82},[60,114703,79],{"class":78},[60,114705,133],{"class":74},[60,114707,114708],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114709,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114711,114712,114714,114716,114718],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114713,140],{"class":139},[60,114715,124],{"class":74},[60,114717,913],{"class":120},[60,114719,133],{"class":74},[60,114721,114722],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114723,114724],{"class":177},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114726,45925,114727,258],{},[15,114728,14845],{},[51,114730,114732],{"className":53,"code":114731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114733,114734,114750,114776,114780,114790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114737,852],{"class":66},[60,114739,71],{"class":70},[60,114741,75],{"class":74},[60,114743,79],{"class":78},[60,114745,495],{"class":82},[60,114747,79],{"class":78},[60,114749,108],{"class":74},[60,114751,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114753,913],{"class":66},[60,114755,117],{"class":74},[60,114757,30349],{"class":120},[60,114759,1641],{"class":74},[60,114761,79],{"class":78},[60,114763,504],{"class":82},[60,114765,79],{"class":78},[60,114767,88],{"class":74},[60,114769,91],{"class":78},[60,114771,528],{"class":82},[60,114773,79],{"class":78},[60,114775,1646],{"class":74},[60,114777,114778],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114779,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114781,114782,114784,114786,114788],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114783,140],{"class":139},[60,114785,124],{"class":74},[60,114787,913],{"class":120},[60,114789,133],{"class":74},[60,114791,114792],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114793,114794],{"class":177},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114796,114797],{},"Important warning with strings:",[51,114799,114801],{"className":53,"code":114800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114802,114803,114819,114837,114841,114851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114804,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114806,852],{"class":66},[60,114808,71],{"class":70},[60,114810,75],{"class":74},[60,114812,79],{"class":78},[60,114814,495],{"class":82},[60,114816,79],{"class":78},[60,114818,108],{"class":74},[60,114820,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114822,913],{"class":66},[60,114824,117],{"class":74},[60,114826,30349],{"class":120},[60,114828,124],{"class":74},[60,114830,79],{"class":78},[60,114832,38225],{"class":82},[60,114834,79],{"class":78},[60,114836,133],{"class":74},[60,114838,114839],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114840,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114842,114843,114845,114847,114849],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114844,140],{"class":139},[60,114846,124],{"class":74},[60,114848,913],{"class":120},[60,114850,133],{"class":74},[60,114852,114853],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114854,114855],{"class":177},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114857,61993,114858,62066,114861,6542],{},[15,114859,114860],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114862,96093],{},[46,114864,114866,474,114868],{"id":114865},"update-vs-union",[15,114867,14845],{},[15,114869,102679],{},[20,114871,114872],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[337,114874,114875],{"id":30349},[15,114876,14845],{},[260,114878,114879,114882],{},[263,114880,114881],{},"Changes the existing set",[263,114883,274,114884],{},[15,114885,277],{},[51,114887,114889],{"className":53,"code":114888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114890,114891,114907,114923,114927,114941,114951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114892,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114894,2471],{"class":66},[60,114896,71],{"class":70},[60,114898,75],{"class":74},[60,114900,358],{"class":357},[60,114902,88],{"class":74},[60,114904,363],{"class":357},[60,114906,108],{"class":74},[60,114908,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114910,2499],{"class":66},[60,114912,71],{"class":70},[60,114914,75],{"class":74},[60,114916,1303],{"class":357},[60,114918,88],{"class":74},[60,114920,368],{"class":357},[60,114922,108],{"class":74},[60,114924,114925],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,114926,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,114928,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,114930,30],{"class":66},[60,114932,117],{"class":74},[60,114934,30349],{"class":120},[60,114936,124],{"class":74},[60,114938,1428],{"class":120},[60,114940,133],{"class":74},[60,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,114944,140],{"class":139},[60,114946,124],{"class":74},[60,114948,30],{"class":120},[60,114950,133],{"class":74},[60,114952,114953],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,114954,114482],{"class":177},[337,114956,114957],{"id":111020},[15,114958,102679],{},[260,114960,114961,114963],{},[263,114962,101218],{},[263,114964,101221],{},[51,114966,114968],{"className":53,"code":114967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114969,114970,114986,115002,115006,115024,115034,115038,115048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114971,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114973,2471],{"class":66},[60,114975,71],{"class":70},[60,114977,75],{"class":74},[60,114979,358],{"class":357},[60,114981,88],{"class":74},[60,114983,363],{"class":357},[60,114985,108],{"class":74},[60,114987,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114989,2499],{"class":66},[60,114991,71],{"class":70},[60,114993,75],{"class":74},[60,114995,1303],{"class":357},[60,114997,88],{"class":74},[60,114999,368],{"class":357},[60,115001,108],{"class":74},[60,115003,115004],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115005,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115009,83074],{"class":66},[60,115011,71],{"class":70},[60,115013,56773],{"class":66},[60,115015,117],{"class":74},[60,115017,111020],{"class":120},[60,115019,124],{"class":74},[60,115021,1428],{"class":120},[60,115023,133],{"class":74},[60,115025,115026,115028,115030,115032],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115027,140],{"class":139},[60,115029,124],{"class":74},[60,115031,1437],{"class":120},[60,115033,133],{"class":74},[60,115035,115036],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,115037,114482],{"class":177},[60,115039,115040,115042,115044,115046],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,115041,140],{"class":139},[60,115043,124],{"class":74},[60,115045,30],{"class":120},[60,115047,133],{"class":74},[60,115049,115050],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,115051,115052],{"class":177},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115054,107436,115055,115057,115058,115062],{},[15,115056,14845],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[30,115059,115060],{"href":102676},[15,115061,102679],{}," when you want a new set.",[46,115064,115066],{"id":115065},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115068,10651,115069,117],{},[15,115070,97200],{},[337,115072,115074],{"id":115073},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115076,115077],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[51,115079,115081],{"className":53,"code":115080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115082,115083,115099,115121,115125,115135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115086,15520],{"class":66},[60,115088,71],{"class":70},[60,115090,75],{"class":74},[60,115092,358],{"class":357},[60,115094,88],{"class":74},[60,115096,363],{"class":357},[60,115098,108],{"class":74},[60,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115102,688],{"class":66},[60,115104,71],{"class":70},[60,115106,1706],{"class":66},[60,115108,117],{"class":74},[60,115110,30349],{"class":120},[60,115112,1641],{"class":74},[60,115114,389],{"class":357},[60,115116,88],{"class":74},[60,115118,373],{"class":357},[60,115120,1646],{"class":74},[60,115122,115123],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115124,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115126,115127,115129,115131,115133],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115128,140],{"class":139},[60,115130,124],{"class":74},[60,115132,720],{"class":120},[60,115134,133],{"class":74},[60,115136,115137],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115138,61718],{"class":177},[20,115140,115141,115142,258],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115143,14845],{},[51,115145,115147],{"className":53,"code":115146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115148,115149,115165,115183,115187,115197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115150,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115152,15520],{"class":66},[60,115154,71],{"class":70},[60,115156,75],{"class":74},[60,115158,358],{"class":357},[60,115160,88],{"class":74},[60,115162,363],{"class":357},[60,115164,108],{"class":74},[60,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115168,306],{"class":66},[60,115170,117],{"class":74},[60,115172,30349],{"class":120},[60,115174,1641],{"class":74},[60,115176,389],{"class":357},[60,115178,88],{"class":74},[60,115180,373],{"class":357},[60,115182,1646],{"class":74},[60,115184,115185],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115186,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115188,115189,115191,115193,115195],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115190,140],{"class":139},[60,115192,124],{"class":74},[60,115194,306],{"class":120},[60,115196,133],{"class":74},[60,115198,115199],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115200,113781],{"class":177},[337,115202,115204],{"id":115203},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115206,1603],{},[51,115208,115210],{"className":53,"code":115209,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115211,115212,115228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115213,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115215,15520],{"class":66},[60,115217,71],{"class":70},[60,115219,75],{"class":74},[60,115221,358],{"class":357},[60,115223,88],{"class":74},[60,115225,363],{"class":357},[60,115227,108],{"class":74},[60,115229,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115231,306],{"class":66},[60,115233,117],{"class":74},[60,115235,30349],{"class":120},[60,115237,124],{"class":74},[60,115239,2056],{"class":357},[60,115241,133],{"class":74},[20,115243,62172,115244,1327,115246,115248],{},[15,115245,2919],{},[15,115247,2056],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115250,6465],{},[51,115252,115254],{"className":53,"code":115253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115255,115256,115272,115286,115290,115300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115259,15520],{"class":66},[60,115261,71],{"class":70},[60,115263,75],{"class":74},[60,115265,358],{"class":357},[60,115267,88],{"class":74},[60,115269,363],{"class":357},[60,115271,108],{"class":74},[60,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115275,306],{"class":66},[60,115277,117],{"class":74},[60,115279,30349],{"class":120},[60,115281,1641],{"class":74},[60,115283,2056],{"class":357},[60,115285,1646],{"class":74},[60,115287,115288],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115289,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115293,140],{"class":139},[60,115295,124],{"class":74},[60,115297,306],{"class":120},[60,115299,133],{"class":74},[60,115301,115302],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115303,115304],{"class":177},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115306,45798,115307,117],{},[30,115308,25565,115309],{"href":52486},[15,115310,115311],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[337,115313,115315],{"id":115314},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115317,115318],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[51,115320,115322],{"className":53,"code":115321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115323,115324,115340,115366,115370,115380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115325,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115327,15520],{"class":66},[60,115329,71],{"class":70},[60,115331,75],{"class":74},[60,115333,358],{"class":357},[60,115335,88],{"class":74},[60,115337,363],{"class":357},[60,115339,108],{"class":74},[60,115341,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115343,306],{"class":66},[60,115345,117],{"class":74},[60,115347,30349],{"class":120},[60,115349,1641],{"class":74},[60,115351,1303],{"class":357},[60,115353,88],{"class":74},[60,115355,363],{"class":357},[60,115357,88],{"class":74},[60,115359,363],{"class":357},[60,115361,88],{"class":74},[60,115363,368],{"class":357},[60,115365,1646],{"class":74},[60,115367,115368],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115369,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115371,115372,115374,115376,115378],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115373,140],{"class":139},[60,115375,124],{"class":74},[60,115377,306],{"class":120},[60,115379,133],{"class":74},[60,115381,115382],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115383,114482],{"class":177},[337,115385,115387,115388,44515,115390,115392],{"id":115386},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115389,14845],{},[15,115391,96093],{}," is better",[20,115394,115395,115396,115398],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115397,96093],{}," is usually the better choice.",[51,115400,115402],{"className":53,"code":115401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115403,115404,115420,115438,115442,115452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115405,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416,115418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115407,15520],{"class":66},[60,115409,71],{"class":70},[60,115411,75],{"class":74},[60,115413,79],{"class":78},[60,115415,58013],{"class":82},[60,115417,79],{"class":78},[60,115419,108],{"class":74},[60,115421,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115423,306],{"class":66},[60,115425,117],{"class":74},[60,115427,81994],{"class":120},[60,115429,124],{"class":74},[60,115431,79],{"class":78},[60,115433,36931],{"class":82},[60,115435,79],{"class":78},[60,115437,133],{"class":74},[60,115439,115440],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115441,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115443,115444,115446,115448,115450],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115445,140],{"class":139},[60,115447,124],{"class":74},[60,115449,306],{"class":120},[60,115451,133],{"class":74},[60,115453,115454],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115455,114642],{"class":177},[46,115457,1746],{"id":1745},[337,115459,12599,115461,97179],{"id":115460},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115462,97200],{},[20,115464,97182,115465,117],{},[15,115466,277],{},[337,115468,1795,115469,32111],{"id":32108},[15,115470,14845],{},[20,115472,115473],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[337,115475,1773,115477,1776,115479,1779],{"id":115476},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115478,96093],{},[15,115480,14845],{},[20,115482,115483,115485,115486,115488],{},[15,115484,96093],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115487,14845],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[337,115490,115492],{"id":115491},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115494,115495,115496,114491],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115497,14845],{},[337,115499,115501],{"id":115500},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115503,243,115504,10994,115506,117],{},[15,115505,102679],{},[15,115507,14845],{},[46,115509,1808],{"id":1807},[260,115511,115512,115519,115526,115532,115538],{},[263,115513,115514],{},[30,115515,115516],{"href":98383},[15,115517,115518],{},"Python set add() method",[263,115520,115521],{},[30,115522,115523],{"href":102676},[15,115524,115525],{},"Python set union() method",[263,115527,115528],{},[30,115529,115530],{"href":291},[15,115531,97224],{},[263,115533,115534],{},[30,115535,115536],{"href":98959},[15,115537,100226],{},[263,115539,115540],{},[30,115541,115542,115544],{"href":52486},[15,115543,115311],{}," fix",[20,115546,115547,115548,115550,115551,115553],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115549,96098],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115552,107794],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1841,115555,115556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":115558},[115559,115560,115562,115563,115564,115565,115566,115567,115569,115574,115581,115590],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":113789,"depth":111,"text":115561},"What set.update() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":21858,"depth":111,"text":21859},{"id":114175,"depth":111,"text":114176},{"id":114278,"depth":111,"text":114279},{"id":114485,"depth":111,"text":114486},{"id":114645,"depth":111,"text":115568},"update() vs add()",{"id":114865,"depth":111,"text":115570,"children":115571},"update() vs union()",[115572,115573],{"id":30349,"depth":136,"text":14845},{"id":111020,"depth":136,"text":102679},{"id":115065,"depth":111,"text":115066,"children":115575},[115576,115577,115578,115579],{"id":115073,"depth":136,"text":115074},{"id":115203,"depth":136,"text":115204},{"id":115314,"depth":136,"text":115315},{"id":115386,"depth":136,"text":115580},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":115582},[115583,115585,115586,115588,115589],{"id":115460,"depth":136,"text":115584},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32108,"depth":136,"text":32181},{"id":115476,"depth":136,"text":115587},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115491,"depth":136,"text":115492},{"id":115500,"depth":136,"text":115501},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113701,"description":115591},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115597,"title":115598,"body":115599,"description":117365,"extension":1883,"meta":117366,"navigation":152,"path":13681,"seo":117367,"stem":117368,"__hash__":117369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115600,"toc":117340},[115601,115604,115607,115610,115621,115629,115632,115634,115783,115795,115799,115816,115820,115828,115830,115841,115843,115940,115946,115949,116045,116054,116059,116063,116068,116070,116080,116082,116191,116199,116203,116206,116209,116226,116232,116312,116315,116319,116322,116326,116329,116388,116391,116395,116398,116490,116494,116497,116604,116608,116614,116642,116644,116726,116736,116740,116743,116754,116757,116842,116845,116850,116854,116857,116868,116871,117013,117016,117020,117023,117037,117040,117101,117107,117109,117112,117134,117137,117237,117240,117272,117274,117278,117281,117283,117286,117290,117293,117297,117300,117304,117307,117309,117337],[10,115602,115598],{"id":115603},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115605,115606],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115608,115609],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[260,115611,115612,115615,115618],{},[263,115613,115614],{},"a list inside another list",[263,115616,115617],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[263,115619,115620],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115622,100148,115623,1776,115625,115628],{},[41,115624,12744],{},[41,115626,115627],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115630,115631],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[46,115633,49],{"id":48},[51,115635,115637],{"className":53,"code":115636,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115638,115639,115646,115650,115676,115696,115716,115720,115738,115742,115755,115769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115640,115641,115643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115642,34976],{"class":1153},[60,115644,115645],{"class":66}," copy\n",[60,115647,115648],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115649,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115651,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664,115666,115668,115670,115672,115674],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115653,11980],{"class":66},[60,115655,71],{"class":70},[60,115657,56179],{"class":74},[60,115659,358],{"class":357},[60,115661,88],{"class":74},[60,115663,363],{"class":357},[60,115665,17952],{"class":74},[60,115667,1512],{"class":74},[60,115669,389],{"class":357},[60,115671,88],{"class":74},[60,115673,373],{"class":357},[60,115675,53128],{"class":74},[60,115677,115678,115681,115683,115686,115688,115690,115692,115694],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115679,115680],{"class":66},"shallow ",[60,115682,71],{"class":70},[60,115684,115685],{"class":66}," copy",[60,115687,117],{"class":74},[60,115689,12805],{"class":120},[60,115691,124],{"class":74},[60,115693,12027],{"class":120},[60,115695,133],{"class":74},[60,115697,115698,115701,115703,115705,115707,115710,115712,115714],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115699,115700],{"class":66},"deep ",[60,115702,71],{"class":70},[60,115704,115685],{"class":66},[60,115706,117],{"class":74},[60,115708,115709],{"class":120},"deepcopy",[60,115711,124],{"class":74},[60,115713,12027],{"class":120},[60,115715,133],{"class":74},[60,115717,115718],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,115719,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115721,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734,115736],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,115723,12027],{"class":66},[60,115725,3812],{"class":74},[60,115727,2039],{"class":357},[60,115729,13441],{"class":74},[60,115731,13444],{"class":120},[60,115733,124],{"class":74},[60,115735,56232],{"class":357},[60,115737,133],{"class":74},[60,115739,115740],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,115741,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115743,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,115745,140],{"class":139},[60,115747,124],{"class":74},[60,115749,12027],{"class":120},[60,115751,174],{"class":74},[60,115753,115754],{"class":177},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115756,115757,115759,115761,115764,115766],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,115758,140],{"class":139},[60,115760,124],{"class":74},[60,115762,115763],{"class":120},"shallow",[60,115765,174],{"class":74},[60,115767,115768],{"class":177},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115770,115771,115773,115775,115778,115780],{"class":62,"line":11492},[60,115772,140],{"class":139},[60,115774,124],{"class":74},[60,115776,115777],{"class":120},"deep",[60,115779,174],{"class":74},[60,115781,115782],{"class":177},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115784,243,115785,115788,115789,1776,115791,115794],{},[15,115786,115787],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[41,115790,12744],{},[15,115792,115793],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[46,115796,115798],{"id":115797},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[260,115800,115801,115804,115807,115810,115813],{},[263,115802,115803],{},"What a copy means in Python",[263,115805,115806],{},"How shallow copy works",[263,115808,115809],{},"How deep copy works",[263,115811,115812],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[263,115814,115815],{},"When to use each approach",[46,115817,115819],{"id":115818},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115821,15080,115822,115824,115825,115827],{},[41,115823,12744],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[41,115826,43],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115829,2026],{},[260,115831,115832,115835,115838],{},[263,115833,115834],{},"the outer container is new",[263,115836,115837],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[263,115839,115840],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115842,2127],{},[51,115844,115846],{"className":53,"code":115845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115847,115848,115874,115888,115892,115910,115914,115927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115849,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115851,11980],{"class":66},[60,115853,71],{"class":70},[60,115855,56179],{"class":74},[60,115857,358],{"class":357},[60,115859,88],{"class":74},[60,115861,363],{"class":357},[60,115863,17952],{"class":74},[60,115865,1512],{"class":74},[60,115867,389],{"class":357},[60,115869,88],{"class":74},[60,115871,373],{"class":357},[60,115873,53128],{"class":74},[60,115875,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115877,14202],{"class":66},[60,115879,71],{"class":70},[60,115881,12055],{"class":66},[60,115883,117],{"class":74},[60,115885,12805],{"class":120},[60,115887,8555],{"class":74},[60,115889,115890],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115891,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,115895,14221],{"class":66},[60,115897,117],{"class":74},[60,115899,13444],{"class":120},[60,115901,1641],{"class":74},[60,115903,2056],{"class":357},[60,115905,88],{"class":74},[60,115907,37527],{"class":357},[60,115909,1646],{"class":74},[60,115911,115912],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,115913,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,115917,140],{"class":139},[60,115919,124],{"class":74},[60,115921,12027],{"class":120},[60,115923,174],{"class":74},[60,115925,115926],{"class":177},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[60,115928,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,115930,140],{"class":139},[60,115932,124],{"class":74},[60,115934,14221],{"class":120},[60,115936,174],{"class":74},[60,115938,115939],{"class":177},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115941,115942,115943,115945],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115944,14221],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115947,115948],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[51,115950,115952],{"className":53,"code":115951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115953,115954,115980,115994,115998,116016,116020,116032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115955,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115957,11980],{"class":66},[60,115959,71],{"class":70},[60,115961,56179],{"class":74},[60,115963,358],{"class":357},[60,115965,88],{"class":74},[60,115967,363],{"class":357},[60,115969,17952],{"class":74},[60,115971,1512],{"class":74},[60,115973,389],{"class":357},[60,115975,88],{"class":74},[60,115977,373],{"class":357},[60,115979,53128],{"class":74},[60,115981,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115983,14202],{"class":66},[60,115985,71],{"class":70},[60,115987,12055],{"class":66},[60,115989,117],{"class":74},[60,115991,12805],{"class":120},[60,115993,8555],{"class":74},[60,115995,115996],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,115997,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116001,14221],{"class":66},[60,116003,3812],{"class":74},[60,116005,2039],{"class":357},[60,116007,13441],{"class":74},[60,116009,13444],{"class":120},[60,116011,124],{"class":74},[60,116013,56232],{"class":357},[60,116015,133],{"class":74},[60,116017,116018],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116019,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116023,140],{"class":139},[60,116025,124],{"class":74},[60,116027,12027],{"class":120},[60,116029,174],{"class":74},[60,116031,115754],{"class":177},[60,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116035,140],{"class":139},[60,116037,124],{"class":74},[60,116039,14221],{"class":120},[60,116041,174],{"class":74},[60,116043,116044],{"class":177},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116046,116047,116048,1776,116050,116053],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116049,56336],{},[15,116051,116052],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116055,116056,116057,117],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[30,116058,43821],{"href":11959},[46,116060,116062],{"id":116061},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116064,15080,116065,116067],{},[41,116066,115627],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116069,2026],{},[260,116071,116072,116074,116077],{},[263,116073,115834],{},[263,116075,116076],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[263,116078,116079],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116081,2127],{},[51,116083,116085],{"className":53,"code":116084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116086,116087,116093,116097,116123,116141,116145,116163,116167,116179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116088,116089,116091],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116090,34976],{"class":1153},[60,116092,115645],{"class":66},[60,116094,116095],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116096,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116098,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116100,11980],{"class":66},[60,116102,71],{"class":70},[60,116104,56179],{"class":74},[60,116106,358],{"class":357},[60,116108,88],{"class":74},[60,116110,363],{"class":357},[60,116112,17952],{"class":74},[60,116114,1512],{"class":74},[60,116116,389],{"class":357},[60,116118,88],{"class":74},[60,116120,373],{"class":357},[60,116122,53128],{"class":74},[60,116124,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116126,14202],{"class":66},[60,116128,71],{"class":70},[60,116130,115685],{"class":66},[60,116132,117],{"class":74},[60,116134,115709],{"class":120},[60,116136,124],{"class":74},[60,116138,12027],{"class":120},[60,116140,133],{"class":74},[60,116142,116143],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116144,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116146,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116148,14221],{"class":66},[60,116150,3812],{"class":74},[60,116152,2039],{"class":357},[60,116154,13441],{"class":74},[60,116156,13444],{"class":120},[60,116158,124],{"class":74},[60,116160,56232],{"class":357},[60,116162,133],{"class":74},[60,116164,116165],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116166,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116168,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,116170,140],{"class":139},[60,116172,124],{"class":74},[60,116174,12027],{"class":120},[60,116176,174],{"class":74},[60,116178,115926],{"class":177},[60,116180,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,116182,140],{"class":139},[60,116184,124],{"class":74},[60,116186,14221],{"class":120},[60,116188,174],{"class":74},[60,116190,116044],{"class":177},[20,116192,116193,116194,116196,116197,117],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116195,116052],{}," does not change ",[15,116198,56336],{},[46,116200,116202],{"id":116201},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116204,116205],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116207,116208],{},"Common reasons:",[260,116210,116211,116214,116217,116223],{},[263,116212,116213],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[263,116215,116216],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[263,116218,116219,116220,116222],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116221,71],{}," does not make a copy",[263,116224,116225],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116227,116228,116229,116231],{},"For example, this does ",[41,116230,43],{}," create a copy:",[51,116233,116235],{"className":53,"code":116234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116236,116237,116257,116265,116269,116283,116287,116299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116238,116239,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116240,11980],{"class":66},[60,116242,71],{"class":70},[60,116244,1512],{"class":74},[60,116246,358],{"class":357},[60,116248,88],{"class":74},[60,116250,363],{"class":357},[60,116252,88],{"class":74},[60,116254,368],{"class":357},[60,116256,1525],{"class":74},[60,116258,116259,116261,116263],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116260,14202],{"class":66},[60,116262,71],{"class":70},[60,116264,12018],{"class":66},[60,116266,116267],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116268,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116270,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116272,14221],{"class":66},[60,116274,117],{"class":74},[60,116276,13444],{"class":120},[60,116278,124],{"class":74},[60,116280,2421],{"class":357},[60,116282,133],{"class":74},[60,116284,116285],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116286,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116288,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116290,140],{"class":139},[60,116292,124],{"class":74},[60,116294,12027],{"class":120},[60,116296,174],{"class":74},[60,116298,55586],{"class":177},[60,116300,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116302,140],{"class":139},[60,116304,124],{"class":74},[60,116306,14221],{"class":120},[60,116308,174],{"class":74},[60,116310,116311],{"class":177},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116313,116314],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[46,116316,116318],{"id":116317},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116320,116321],{},"These three ideas are different.",[337,116323,116325],{"id":116324},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116327,116328],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[51,116330,116332],{"className":53,"code":116331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116333,116334,116360,116368,116372],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116335,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116337,11980],{"class":66},[60,116339,71],{"class":70},[60,116341,56179],{"class":74},[60,116343,358],{"class":357},[60,116345,88],{"class":74},[60,116347,363],{"class":357},[60,116349,17952],{"class":74},[60,116351,1512],{"class":74},[60,116353,389],{"class":357},[60,116355,88],{"class":74},[60,116357,373],{"class":357},[60,116359,53128],{"class":74},[60,116361,116362,116364,116366],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116363,13993],{"class":66},[60,116365,71],{"class":70},[60,116367,12018],{"class":66},[60,116369,116370],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116371,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116373,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384,116386],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116375,140],{"class":139},[60,116377,124],{"class":74},[60,116379,11980],{"class":120},[60,116381,12088],{"class":1153},[60,116383,14061],{"class":120},[60,116385,174],{"class":74},[60,116387,3578],{"class":177},[20,116389,116390],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[337,116392,116394],{"id":116393},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116396,116397],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[51,116399,116401],{"className":53,"code":116400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116402,116403,116429,116443,116447,116464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116404,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116406,11980],{"class":66},[60,116408,71],{"class":70},[60,116410,56179],{"class":74},[60,116412,358],{"class":357},[60,116414,88],{"class":74},[60,116416,363],{"class":357},[60,116418,17952],{"class":74},[60,116420,1512],{"class":74},[60,116422,389],{"class":357},[60,116424,88],{"class":74},[60,116426,373],{"class":357},[60,116428,53128],{"class":74},[60,116430,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116432,115680],{"class":66},[60,116434,71],{"class":70},[60,116436,12055],{"class":66},[60,116438,117],{"class":74},[60,116440,12805],{"class":120},[60,116442,8555],{"class":74},[60,116444,116445],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116446,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116460,116462],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116450,140],{"class":139},[60,116452,124],{"class":74},[60,116454,11980],{"class":120},[60,116456,12088],{"class":1153},[60,116458,116459],{"class":120}," shallow",[60,116461,174],{"class":74},[60,116463,21089],{"class":177},[60,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116467,140],{"class":139},[60,116469,124],{"class":74},[60,116471,12027],{"class":120},[60,116473,3812],{"class":74},[60,116475,2039],{"class":357},[60,116477,13164],{"class":74},[60,116479,8009],{"class":1153},[60,116481,116459],{"class":120},[60,116483,3812],{"class":74},[60,116485,2039],{"class":357},[60,116487,20335],{"class":74},[60,116489,3578],{"class":177},[337,116491,116493],{"id":116492},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116495,116496],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[51,116498,116500],{"className":53,"code":116499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116501,116502,116508,116512,116538,116556,116560,116578],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116503,116504,116506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116505,34976],{"class":1153},[60,116507,115645],{"class":66},[60,116509,116510],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116511,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116513,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116515,11980],{"class":66},[60,116517,71],{"class":70},[60,116519,56179],{"class":74},[60,116521,358],{"class":357},[60,116523,88],{"class":74},[60,116525,363],{"class":357},[60,116527,17952],{"class":74},[60,116529,1512],{"class":74},[60,116531,389],{"class":357},[60,116533,88],{"class":74},[60,116535,373],{"class":357},[60,116537,53128],{"class":74},[60,116539,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116541,115700],{"class":66},[60,116543,71],{"class":70},[60,116545,115685],{"class":66},[60,116547,117],{"class":74},[60,116549,115709],{"class":120},[60,116551,124],{"class":74},[60,116553,12027],{"class":120},[60,116555,133],{"class":74},[60,116557,116558],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116559,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116561,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116573,116575],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116563,140],{"class":139},[60,116565,124],{"class":74},[60,116567,11980],{"class":120},[60,116569,12088],{"class":1153},[60,116571,116572],{"class":120}," deep",[60,116574,174],{"class":74},[60,116576,116577],{"class":177},"         # False\n",[60,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116581,140],{"class":139},[60,116583,124],{"class":74},[60,116585,12027],{"class":120},[60,116587,3812],{"class":74},[60,116589,2039],{"class":357},[60,116591,13164],{"class":74},[60,116593,8009],{"class":1153},[60,116595,116572],{"class":120},[60,116597,3812],{"class":74},[60,116599,2039],{"class":357},[60,116601,20335],{"class":74},[60,116603,43757],{"class":177},[46,116605,116607],{"id":116606},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116609,116610,116611,258],{},"These all make ",[41,116612,116613],{},"shallow copies",[260,116615,116616,116620,116624,116629,116635],{},[263,116617,116618],{},[15,116619,55486],{},[263,116621,116622],{},[15,116623,12329],{},[263,116625,116626],{},[15,116627,116628],{},"set.copy()",[263,116630,116631,116632],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116633,116634],{},"my_list[:]",[263,116636,116637,116639,116640,34966],{},[15,116638,115787],{}," from the ",[15,116641,12805],{},[20,116643,2045],{},[51,116645,116647],{"className":53,"code":116646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116648,116649,116669,116673,116687,116698,116702,116714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116650,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116652,350],{"class":66},[60,116654,71],{"class":70},[60,116656,1512],{"class":74},[60,116658,358],{"class":357},[60,116660,88],{"class":74},[60,116662,363],{"class":357},[60,116664,88],{"class":74},[60,116666,368],{"class":357},[60,116668,1525],{"class":74},[60,116670,116671],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116672,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116676,2471],{"class":66},[60,116678,71],{"class":70},[60,116680,1294],{"class":66},[60,116682,117],{"class":74},[60,116684,12805],{"class":120},[60,116686,8555],{"class":74},[60,116688,116689,116691,116693,116695],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116690,2499],{"class":66},[60,116692,71],{"class":70},[60,116694,1294],{"class":66},[60,116696,116697],{"class":74},"[:]\n",[60,116699,116700],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116701,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116703,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116705,140],{"class":139},[60,116707,124],{"class":74},[60,116709,30],{"class":120},[60,116711,174],{"class":74},[60,116713,54818],{"class":177},[60,116715,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116717,140],{"class":139},[60,116719,124],{"class":74},[60,116721,1428],{"class":120},[60,116723,174],{"class":74},[60,116725,54818],{"class":177},[20,116727,73028,116728,47418,116732,117],{},[30,116729,116730,1818],{"href":54846},[15,116731,55486],{},[30,116733,116734,1818],{"href":12326},[15,116735,12329],{},[46,116737,116739],{"id":116738},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116741,116742],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[260,116744,116745,116748,116751],{},[263,116746,116747],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[263,116749,116750],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[263,116752,116753],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116755,116756],{},"Example with a flat list:",[51,116758,116760],{"className":53,"code":116759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116761,116762,116782,116796,116800,116814,116818,116830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116763,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116765,11980],{"class":66},[60,116767,71],{"class":70},[60,116769,1512],{"class":74},[60,116771,358],{"class":357},[60,116773,88],{"class":74},[60,116775,363],{"class":357},[60,116777,88],{"class":74},[60,116779,368],{"class":357},[60,116781,1525],{"class":74},[60,116783,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116785,14202],{"class":66},[60,116787,71],{"class":70},[60,116789,12055],{"class":66},[60,116791,117],{"class":74},[60,116793,12805],{"class":120},[60,116795,8555],{"class":74},[60,116797,116798],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116799,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116803,14221],{"class":66},[60,116805,117],{"class":74},[60,116807,13444],{"class":120},[60,116809,124],{"class":74},[60,116811,2421],{"class":357},[60,116813,133],{"class":74},[60,116815,116816],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116817,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116819,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116821,140],{"class":139},[60,116823,124],{"class":74},[60,116825,12027],{"class":120},[60,116827,174],{"class":74},[60,116829,54818],{"class":177},[60,116831,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116833,140],{"class":139},[60,116835,124],{"class":74},[60,116837,14221],{"class":120},[60,116839,174],{"class":74},[60,116841,116311],{"class":177},[20,116843,116844],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116846,116847,116848,117],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[30,116849,14779],{"href":57105},[46,116851,116853],{"id":116852},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116855,116856],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[260,116858,116859,116862,116865],{},[263,116860,116861],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[263,116863,116864],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[263,116866,116867],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116869,116870],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[51,116872,116874],{"className":53,"code":116873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116875,116876,116882,116886,116912,116926,116944,116948,116970,116974,116987,117000],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116877,116878,116880],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116879,34976],{"class":1153},[60,116881,115645],{"class":66},[60,116883,116884],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116885,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116887,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,116889,11980],{"class":66},[60,116891,71],{"class":70},[60,116893,75],{"class":74},[60,116895,79],{"class":78},[60,116897,16280],{"class":82},[60,116899,79],{"class":78},[60,116901,258],{"class":74},[60,116903,1512],{"class":74},[60,116905,2250],{"class":357},[60,116907,88],{"class":74},[60,116909,7702],{"class":357},[60,116911,13597],{"class":74},[60,116913,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,116915,115680],{"class":66},[60,116917,71],{"class":70},[60,116919,12055],{"class":66},[60,116921,117],{"class":74},[60,116923,12805],{"class":120},[60,116925,8555],{"class":74},[60,116927,116928,116930,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,116929,115700],{"class":66},[60,116931,71],{"class":70},[60,116933,115685],{"class":66},[60,116935,117],{"class":74},[60,116937,115709],{"class":120},[60,116939,124],{"class":74},[60,116941,12027],{"class":120},[60,116943,133],{"class":74},[60,116945,116946],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,116947,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,116951,12027],{"class":66},[60,116953,3812],{"class":74},[60,116955,79],{"class":78},[60,116957,16280],{"class":82},[60,116959,79],{"class":78},[60,116961,13441],{"class":74},[60,116963,13444],{"class":120},[60,116965,124],{"class":74},[60,116967,36725],{"class":357},[60,116969,133],{"class":74},[60,116971,116972],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,116973,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,116975,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,116977,140],{"class":139},[60,116979,124],{"class":74},[60,116981,12027],{"class":120},[60,116983,174],{"class":74},[60,116985,116986],{"class":177},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,116988,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997],{"class":62,"line":6347},[60,116990,140],{"class":139},[60,116992,124],{"class":74},[60,116994,115763],{"class":120},[60,116996,174],{"class":74},[60,116998,116999],{"class":177},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,117001,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010],{"class":62,"line":11492},[60,117003,140],{"class":139},[60,117005,124],{"class":74},[60,117007,115777],{"class":120},[60,117009,174],{"class":74},[60,117011,117012],{"class":177},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117014,117015],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[46,117017,117019],{"id":117018},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117021,117022],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[260,117024,117025,117028,117031,117034],{},[263,117026,117027],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[263,117029,117030],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[263,117032,117033],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[263,117035,117036],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117038,117039],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[51,117041,117043],{"className":53,"code":117042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117044,117045,117053,117061,117065,117073,117077,117089],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117046,117047,117049,117051],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117048,2471],{"class":66},[60,117050,71],{"class":70},[60,117052,2504],{"class":357},[60,117054,117055,117057,117059],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117056,2499],{"class":66},[60,117058,71],{"class":70},[60,117060,36060],{"class":66},[60,117062,117063],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,117064,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,117066,117067,117069,117071],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,117068,2499],{"class":66},[60,117070,71],{"class":70},[60,117072,14505],{"class":357},[60,117074,117075],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,117076,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,117080,140],{"class":139},[60,117082,124],{"class":74},[60,117084,30],{"class":120},[60,117086,174],{"class":74},[60,117088,26680],{"class":177},[60,117090,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,117092,140],{"class":139},[60,117094,124],{"class":74},[60,117096,1428],{"class":120},[60,117098,174],{"class":74},[60,117100,27501],{"class":177},[20,117102,93399,117103,117106],{},[30,117104,117105],{"href":11959},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[46,117108,1245],{"id":1244},[20,117110,117111],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[260,117113,117114,117118,117123,117128,117131],{},[263,117115,8331,117116,56669],{},[15,117117,71],{},[263,117119,8331,117120,117122],{},[15,117121,55486],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[263,117124,8331,117125,117127],{},[15,117126,12329],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[263,117129,117130],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[263,117132,117133],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117135,117136],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[51,117138,117140],{"className":53,"code":117139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117141,117142,117156,117170,117192,117223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117143,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152,117154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117145,140],{"class":139},[60,117147,124],{"class":74},[60,117149,11980],{"class":120},[60,117151,12088],{"class":1153},[60,117153,14275],{"class":120},[60,117155,133],{"class":74},[60,117157,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117159,140],{"class":139},[60,117161,124],{"class":74},[60,117163,11980],{"class":120},[60,117165,4599],{"class":70},[60,117167,14275],{"class":120},[60,117169,133],{"class":74},[60,117171,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,117173,140],{"class":139},[60,117175,124],{"class":74},[60,117177,12544],{"class":139},[60,117179,124],{"class":74},[60,117181,12027],{"class":120},[60,117183,9141],{"class":74},[60,117185,14707],{"class":139},[60,117187,124],{"class":74},[60,117189,14221],{"class":120},[60,117191,1691],{"class":74},[60,117193,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,117195,140],{"class":139},[60,117197,124],{"class":74},[60,117199,12544],{"class":139},[60,117201,124],{"class":74},[60,117203,12027],{"class":120},[60,117205,3812],{"class":74},[60,117207,2039],{"class":357},[60,117209,117210],{"class":74},"]),",[60,117212,14707],{"class":139},[60,117214,124],{"class":74},[60,117216,14221],{"class":120},[60,117218,3812],{"class":74},[60,117220,2039],{"class":357},[60,117222,2913],{"class":74},[60,117224,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,117226,140],{"class":139},[60,117228,124],{"class":74},[60,117230,1684],{"class":1683},[60,117232,124],{"class":74},[60,117234,12027],{"class":120},[60,117236,1691],{"class":74},[20,117238,117239],{},"What they tell you:",[260,117241,117242,117247,117252,117257,117267],{},[263,117243,117244,117246],{},[15,117245,12088],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[263,117248,117249,117251],{},[15,117250,4599],{}," checks whether values are equal",[263,117253,117254,117256],{},[15,117255,43373],{}," shows the identity of an object",[263,117258,117259,117260,1776,117263,117266],{},"comparing ",[15,117261,117262],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117264,117265],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[263,117268,117269,117271],{},[15,117270,2221],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[46,117273,1746],{"id":1745},[337,117275,117277],{"id":117276},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117279,117280],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[337,117282,57155],{"id":57070},[20,117284,117285],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[337,117287,117289],{"id":117288},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117291,117292],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[337,117294,117296],{"id":117295},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117298,117299],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[337,117301,117303],{"id":117302},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117305,117306],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[46,117308,1808],{"id":1807},[260,117310,117311,117316,117322,117328,117332],{},[263,117312,117313],{},[30,117314,117315],{"href":11959},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[263,117317,117318],{},[30,117319,3491,117320,1818],{"href":54846},[15,117321,55486],{},[263,117323,117324],{},[30,117325,3491,117326,1818],{"href":12326},[15,117327,12329],{},[263,117329,117330],{},[30,117331,14856],{"href":57105},[263,117333,117334],{},[30,117335,117336],{"href":58380},"What is a list in Python?",[1841,117338,117339],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":117341},[117342,117343,117344,117345,117346,117347,117352,117353,117354,117355,117356,117357,117364],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":115797,"depth":111,"text":115798},{"id":115818,"depth":111,"text":115819},{"id":116061,"depth":111,"text":116062},{"id":116201,"depth":111,"text":116202},{"id":116317,"depth":111,"text":116318,"children":117348},[117349,117350,117351],{"id":116324,"depth":136,"text":116325},{"id":116393,"depth":136,"text":116394},{"id":116492,"depth":136,"text":116493},{"id":116606,"depth":111,"text":116607},{"id":116738,"depth":111,"text":116739},{"id":116852,"depth":111,"text":116853},{"id":117018,"depth":111,"text":117019},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":117358},[117359,117360,117361,117362,117363],{"id":117276,"depth":136,"text":117277},{"id":57070,"depth":136,"text":57155},{"id":117288,"depth":136,"text":117289},{"id":117295,"depth":136,"text":117296},{"id":117302,"depth":136,"text":117303},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115598,"description":117365},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117371,"title":117372,"body":117373,"description":119230,"extension":1883,"meta":119231,"navigation":152,"path":119232,"seo":119233,"stem":119234,"__hash__":119235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117374,"toc":119188},[117375,117380,117385,117393,117395,117463,117468,117473,117488,117491,117493,117524,117526,117546,117549,117564,117566,117569,117642,117644,117689,117691,117702,117707,117711,117716,117719,117758,117760,117780,117783,117840,117842,117877,117880,117919,117921,117941,117944,117975,117977,118033,118035,118040,118111,118113,118146,118151,118156,118221,118223,118260,118263,118340,118342,118402,118409,118414,118417,118420,118501,118503,118544,118549,118552,118630,118632,118665,118674,118681,118684,118695,118698,118709,118713,118721,118730,118734,118739,118743,118748,118791,118794,118800,118803,118805,118852,118857,118861,118864,118913,118915,118936,118939,118941,118966,118969,119090,119095,119097,119102,119105,119110,119113,119121,119126,119133,119136,119144,119147,119149,119185],[10,117376,3491,117378,3495],{"id":117377},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117379,74312],{},[20,117381,117382,117384],{},[15,117383,74312],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117386,117387,117388,36,117390,117392],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117389,77755],{},[15,117391,74312],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[46,117394,3525],{"id":3524},[51,117396,117398],{"className":53,"code":117397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117399,117400,117420,117434,117438,117450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117401,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117403,350],{"class":66},[60,117405,71],{"class":70},[60,117407,1512],{"class":74},[60,117409,389],{"class":357},[60,117411,88],{"class":74},[60,117413,5408],{"class":357},[60,117415,88],{"class":74},[60,117417,363],{"class":357},[60,117419,1525],{"class":74},[60,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117423,688],{"class":66},[60,117425,71],{"class":70},[60,117427,74446],{"class":139},[60,117429,124],{"class":74},[60,117431,380],{"class":120},[60,117433,133],{"class":74},[60,117435,117436],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,117437,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,117441,140],{"class":139},[60,117443,124],{"class":74},[60,117445,720],{"class":120},[60,117447,174],{"class":74},[60,117449,55573],{"class":177},[60,117451,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,117453,140],{"class":139},[60,117455,124],{"class":74},[60,117457,380],{"class":120},[60,117459,174],{"class":74},[60,117461,117462],{"class":177},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117464,117465,117467],{},[15,117466,74312],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[46,117469,250,117471,253],{"id":117470},"what-sorted-does",[15,117472,74312],{},[260,117474,117475,117479,117482,117485],{},[263,117476,117477,62813],{},[15,117478,74312],{},[263,117480,117481],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[263,117483,117484],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[263,117486,117487],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117489,117490],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[46,117492,296],{"id":295},[51,117494,117496],{"className":53,"code":117495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117497,117498],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117501,74402],{"class":139},[60,117503,124],{"class":74},[60,117505,3634],{"class":120},[60,117507,88],{"class":74},[60,117509,21468],{"class":9084},[60,117511,71],{"class":70},[60,117513,277],{"class":734},[60,117515,88],{"class":74},[60,117517,77958],{"class":9084},[60,117519,71],{"class":70},[60,117521,3588],{"class":734},[60,117523,133],{"class":74},[337,117525,17286],{"id":17285},[260,117527,117528,117533,117538],{},[263,117529,117530,117532],{},[15,117531,3634],{},": the values to sort",[263,117534,117535,117537],{},[15,117536,14732],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[263,117539,117540,117542,117543,117545],{},[15,117541,73465],{},": set to ",[15,117544,3520],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117547,117548],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[51,117550,117552],{"className":53,"code":117551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117553,117554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117555,117556,117558,117560,117562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117557,74402],{"class":139},[60,117559,124],{"class":74},[60,117561,60194],{"class":120},[60,117563,133],{"class":74},[46,117565,839],{"id":838},[20,117567,117568],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[51,117570,117572],{"className":53,"code":117571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117573,117574,117598,117602,117617,117621,117632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117575,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117577,350],{"class":66},[60,117579,71],{"class":70},[60,117581,1512],{"class":74},[60,117583,2056],{"class":357},[60,117585,88],{"class":74},[60,117587,363],{"class":357},[60,117589,88],{"class":74},[60,117591,6271],{"class":357},[60,117593,88],{"class":74},[60,117595,5408],{"class":357},[60,117597,1525],{"class":74},[60,117599,117600],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117601,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,117603,117604,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,117605,117606],{"class":66},"sorted_numbers ",[60,117608,71],{"class":70},[60,117610,74446],{"class":139},[60,117612,124],{"class":74},[60,117614,380],{"class":120},[60,117616,133],{"class":74},[60,117618,117619],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,117620,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,117622,117623,117625,117627,117630],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,117624,140],{"class":139},[60,117626,124],{"class":74},[60,117628,117629],{"class":120},"sorted_numbers",[60,117631,133],{"class":74},[60,117633,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,117635,140],{"class":139},[60,117637,124],{"class":74},[60,117639,380],{"class":120},[60,117641,133],{"class":74},[20,117643,404],{},[51,117645,117647],{"className":53,"code":117646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117648,117649,117669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117650,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665,117667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117652,3812],{"class":74},[60,117654,358],{"class":357},[60,117656,88],{"class":74},[60,117658,363],{"class":357},[60,117660,88],{"class":74},[60,117662,4516],{"class":357},[60,117664,88],{"class":74},[60,117666,6271],{"class":357},[60,117668,1525],{"class":74},[60,117670,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117672,3812],{"class":74},[60,117674,2056],{"class":357},[60,117676,88],{"class":74},[60,117678,363],{"class":357},[60,117680,88],{"class":74},[60,117682,6271],{"class":357},[60,117684,88],{"class":74},[60,117686,5408],{"class":357},[60,117688,1525],{"class":74},[20,117690,13654],{},[260,117692,117693,117698],{},[263,117694,117695,117697],{},[15,117696,117629],{}," is a new sorted list",[263,117699,117700,112234],{},[15,117701,380],{},[20,117703,117704,117705,117],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[30,117706,78265],{"href":78264},[46,117708,117710],{"id":117709},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117712,117713,117715],{},[15,117714,74312],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[337,117717,117718],{"id":8006},"List",[51,117720,117722],{"className":53,"code":117721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117723,117724,117744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117725,117726,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117727,350],{"class":66},[60,117729,71],{"class":70},[60,117731,1512],{"class":74},[60,117733,389],{"class":357},[60,117735,88],{"class":74},[60,117737,5408],{"class":357},[60,117739,88],{"class":74},[60,117741,363],{"class":357},[60,117743,1525],{"class":74},[60,117745,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117747,140],{"class":139},[60,117749,124],{"class":74},[60,117751,74402],{"class":139},[60,117753,124],{"class":74},[60,117755,380],{"class":120},[60,117757,1691],{"class":74},[20,117759,404],{},[51,117761,117762],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117763,117764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117767,3812],{"class":74},[60,117769,358],{"class":357},[60,117771,88],{"class":74},[60,117773,363],{"class":357},[60,117775,88],{"class":74},[60,117777,368],{"class":357},[60,117779,1525],{"class":74},[337,117781,117782],{"id":48838},"Tuple",[51,117784,117786],{"className":53,"code":117785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117787,117788,117808,117822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117789,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117791,3736],{"class":66},[60,117793,71],{"class":70},[60,117795,9144],{"class":74},[60,117797,389],{"class":357},[60,117799,88],{"class":74},[60,117801,5408],{"class":357},[60,117803,88],{"class":74},[60,117805,363],{"class":357},[60,117807,133],{"class":74},[60,117809,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117811,140],{"class":139},[60,117813,124],{"class":74},[60,117815,74402],{"class":139},[60,117817,124],{"class":74},[60,117819,5268],{"class":120},[60,117821,1691],{"class":74},[60,117823,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,117825,140],{"class":139},[60,117827,124],{"class":74},[60,117829,1684],{"class":1683},[60,117831,124],{"class":74},[60,117833,74402],{"class":139},[60,117835,124],{"class":74},[60,117837,5268],{"class":120},[60,117839,2827],{"class":74},[20,117841,404],{},[51,117843,117845],{"className":53,"code":117844,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117846,117847,117863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117848,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117850,3812],{"class":74},[60,117852,358],{"class":357},[60,117854,88],{"class":74},[60,117856,363],{"class":357},[60,117858,88],{"class":74},[60,117860,368],{"class":357},[60,117862,1525],{"class":74},[60,117864,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117866,3205],{"class":70},[60,117868,3208],{"class":1984},[60,117870,214],{"class":78},[60,117872,8006],{"class":82},[60,117874,205],{"class":78},[60,117876,3217],{"class":70},[337,117878,117879],{"id":1718},"Set",[51,117881,117883],{"className":53,"code":117882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117884,117885,117905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117886,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117888,3736],{"class":66},[60,117890,71],{"class":70},[60,117892,75],{"class":74},[60,117894,389],{"class":357},[60,117896,88],{"class":74},[60,117898,5408],{"class":357},[60,117900,88],{"class":74},[60,117902,363],{"class":357},[60,117904,108],{"class":74},[60,117906,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117908,140],{"class":139},[60,117910,124],{"class":74},[60,117912,74402],{"class":139},[60,117914,124],{"class":74},[60,117916,5268],{"class":120},[60,117918,1691],{"class":74},[20,117920,404],{},[51,117922,117923],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117924,117925],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117926,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117928,3812],{"class":74},[60,117930,358],{"class":357},[60,117932,88],{"class":74},[60,117934,363],{"class":357},[60,117936,88],{"class":74},[60,117938,368],{"class":357},[60,117940,1525],{"class":74},[337,117942,117943],{"id":61061},"String",[51,117945,117947],{"className":53,"code":117946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117948,117949,117961],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117950,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117952,34573],{"class":66},[60,117954,71],{"class":70},[60,117956,91],{"class":78},[60,117958,55],{"class":82},[60,117960,3273],{"class":78},[60,117962,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117964,140],{"class":139},[60,117966,124],{"class":74},[60,117968,74402],{"class":139},[60,117970,124],{"class":74},[60,117972,34594],{"class":120},[60,117974,1691],{"class":74},[20,117976,404],{},[51,117978,117979],{"className":53,"code":79282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,117980,117981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117984,3812],{"class":74},[60,117986,205],{"class":78},[60,117988,60325],{"class":82},[60,117990,205],{"class":78},[60,117992,88],{"class":74},[60,117994,214],{"class":78},[60,117996,75918],{"class":82},[60,117998,205],{"class":78},[60,118000,88],{"class":74},[60,118002,214],{"class":78},[60,118004,60360],{"class":82},[60,118006,205],{"class":78},[60,118008,88],{"class":74},[60,118010,214],{"class":78},[60,118012,20],{"class":82},[60,118014,205],{"class":78},[60,118016,88],{"class":74},[60,118018,214],{"class":78},[60,118020,63174],{"class":82},[60,118022,205],{"class":78},[60,118024,88],{"class":74},[60,118026,214],{"class":78},[60,118028,11640],{"class":82},[60,118030,205],{"class":78},[60,118032,1525],{"class":74},[337,118034,29108],{"id":15496},[20,118036,63427,118037,118039],{},[15,118038,74312],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[51,118041,118043],{"className":53,"code":118042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118044,118045,118097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118046,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118048,13095],{"class":66},[60,118050,71],{"class":70},[60,118052,75],{"class":74},[60,118054,79],{"class":78},[60,118056,7580],{"class":82},[60,118058,79],{"class":78},[60,118060,258],{"class":74},[60,118062,91],{"class":78},[60,118064,12774],{"class":82},[60,118066,79],{"class":78},[60,118068,88],{"class":74},[60,118070,91],{"class":78},[60,118072,9206],{"class":82},[60,118074,79],{"class":78},[60,118076,258],{"class":74},[60,118078,7702],{"class":357},[60,118080,88],{"class":74},[60,118082,91],{"class":78},[60,118084,10315],{"class":82},[60,118086,79],{"class":78},[60,118088,258],{"class":74},[60,118090,91],{"class":78},[60,118092,15922],{"class":82},[60,118094,79],{"class":78},[60,118096,108],{"class":74},[60,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118100,140],{"class":139},[60,118102,124],{"class":74},[60,118104,74402],{"class":139},[60,118106,124],{"class":74},[60,118108,17198],{"class":120},[60,118110,1691],{"class":74},[20,118112,404],{},[51,118114,118116],{"className":53,"code":118115,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118117,118118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118119,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118121,3812],{"class":74},[60,118123,205],{"class":78},[60,118125,9206],{"class":82},[60,118127,205],{"class":78},[60,118129,88],{"class":74},[60,118131,214],{"class":78},[60,118133,10315],{"class":82},[60,118135,205],{"class":78},[60,118137,88],{"class":74},[60,118139,214],{"class":78},[60,118141,7580],{"class":82},[60,118143,205],{"class":78},[60,118145,1525],{"class":74},[46,118147,8331,118149],{"id":118148},"using-reversetrue",[15,118150,77979],{},[20,118152,243,118153,118155],{},[15,118154,77979],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[51,118157,118159],{"className":53,"code":118158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118160,118161,118181,118185,118199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118162,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118164,350],{"class":66},[60,118166,71],{"class":70},[60,118168,1512],{"class":74},[60,118170,389],{"class":357},[60,118172,88],{"class":74},[60,118174,5408],{"class":357},[60,118176,88],{"class":74},[60,118178,363],{"class":357},[60,118180,1525],{"class":74},[60,118182,118183],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118184,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,118186,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,118188,140],{"class":139},[60,118190,124],{"class":74},[60,118192,74402],{"class":139},[60,118194,124],{"class":74},[60,118196,380],{"class":120},[60,118198,1691],{"class":74},[60,118200,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,118202,140],{"class":139},[60,118204,124],{"class":74},[60,118206,74402],{"class":139},[60,118208,124],{"class":74},[60,118210,380],{"class":120},[60,118212,88],{"class":74},[60,118214,77958],{"class":9084},[60,118216,71],{"class":70},[60,118218,3520],{"class":734},[60,118220,1691],{"class":74},[20,118222,404],{},[51,118224,118226],{"className":53,"code":118225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118227,118228,118244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118231,3812],{"class":74},[60,118233,358],{"class":357},[60,118235,88],{"class":74},[60,118237,363],{"class":357},[60,118239,88],{"class":74},[60,118241,368],{"class":357},[60,118243,1525],{"class":74},[60,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118247,3812],{"class":74},[60,118249,389],{"class":357},[60,118251,88],{"class":74},[60,118253,363],{"class":357},[60,118255,88],{"class":74},[60,118257,5408],{"class":357},[60,118259,1525],{"class":74},[20,118261,118262],{},"This also works with strings:",[51,118264,118266],{"className":53,"code":118265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118267,118268,118300,118304,118318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118269,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118271,3983],{"class":66},[60,118273,71],{"class":70},[60,118275,1512],{"class":74},[60,118277,79],{"class":78},[60,118279,495],{"class":82},[60,118281,79],{"class":78},[60,118283,88],{"class":74},[60,118285,91],{"class":78},[60,118287,504],{"class":82},[60,118289,79],{"class":78},[60,118291,88],{"class":74},[60,118293,91],{"class":78},[60,118295,4008],{"class":82},[60,118297,79],{"class":78},[60,118299,1525],{"class":74},[60,118301,118302],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118303,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,118305,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,118307,140],{"class":139},[60,118309,124],{"class":74},[60,118311,74402],{"class":139},[60,118313,124],{"class":74},[60,118315,4025],{"class":120},[60,118317,1691],{"class":74},[60,118319,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,118321,140],{"class":139},[60,118323,124],{"class":74},[60,118325,74402],{"class":139},[60,118327,124],{"class":74},[60,118329,4025],{"class":120},[60,118331,88],{"class":74},[60,118333,77958],{"class":9084},[60,118335,71],{"class":70},[60,118337,3520],{"class":734},[60,118339,1691],{"class":74},[20,118341,404],{},[51,118343,118344],{"className":53,"code":74046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,118345,118346,118374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118349,3812],{"class":74},[60,118351,205],{"class":78},[60,118353,495],{"class":82},[60,118355,205],{"class":78},[60,118357,88],{"class":74},[60,118359,214],{"class":78},[60,118361,504],{"class":82},[60,118363,205],{"class":78},[60,118365,88],{"class":74},[60,118367,214],{"class":78},[60,118369,4008],{"class":82},[60,118371,205],{"class":78},[60,118373,1525],{"class":74},[60,118375,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118377,3812],{"class":74},[60,118379,205],{"class":78},[60,118381,4008],{"class":82},[60,118383,205],{"class":78},[60,118385,88],{"class":74},[60,118387,214],{"class":78},[60,118389,504],{"class":82},[60,118391,205],{"class":78},[60,118393,88],{"class":74},[60,118395,214],{"class":78},[60,118397,495],{"class":82},[60,118399,205],{"class":78},[60,118401,1525],{"class":74},[46,118403,8331,118405,118408],{"id":118404},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118406,118407],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118410,1900,118411,118413],{},[15,118412,118407],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118415,118416],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118418,118419],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[51,118421,118423],{"className":53,"code":118422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118424,118425,118465,118469,118491],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118426,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118428,3983],{"class":66},[60,118430,71],{"class":70},[60,118432,1512],{"class":74},[60,118434,79],{"class":78},[60,118436,78632],{"class":82},[60,118438,79],{"class":78},[60,118440,88],{"class":74},[60,118442,91],{"class":78},[60,118444,38242],{"class":82},[60,118446,79],{"class":78},[60,118448,88],{"class":74},[60,118450,91],{"class":78},[60,118452,504],{"class":82},[60,118454,79],{"class":78},[60,118456,88],{"class":74},[60,118458,91],{"class":78},[60,118460,38225],{"class":82},[60,118462,79],{"class":78},[60,118464,1525],{"class":74},[60,118466,118467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118468,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,118470,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,118472,688],{"class":66},[60,118474,71],{"class":70},[60,118476,74446],{"class":139},[60,118478,124],{"class":74},[60,118480,4025],{"class":120},[60,118482,88],{"class":74},[60,118484,21468],{"class":9084},[60,118486,71],{"class":70},[60,118488,11064],{"class":139},[60,118490,133],{"class":74},[60,118492,118493,118495,118497,118499],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,118494,140],{"class":139},[60,118496,124],{"class":74},[60,118498,720],{"class":120},[60,118500,133],{"class":74},[20,118502,404],{},[51,118504,118506],{"className":53,"code":118505,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118507,118508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118509,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118511,3812],{"class":74},[60,118513,205],{"class":78},[60,118515,38242],{"class":82},[60,118517,205],{"class":78},[60,118519,88],{"class":74},[60,118521,214],{"class":78},[60,118523,78632],{"class":82},[60,118525,205],{"class":78},[60,118527,88],{"class":74},[60,118529,214],{"class":78},[60,118531,38225],{"class":82},[60,118533,205],{"class":78},[60,118535,88],{"class":74},[60,118537,214],{"class":78},[60,118539,504],{"class":82},[60,118541,205],{"class":78},[60,118543,1525],{"class":74},[20,118545,20660,118546,118548],{},[15,118547,11064],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118550,118551],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[51,118553,118555],{"className":53,"code":118554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118556,118557,118590,118594,118620],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118558,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118586,118588],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118560,3983],{"class":66},[60,118562,71],{"class":70},[60,118564,1512],{"class":74},[60,118566,79],{"class":78},[60,118568,83251],{"class":82},[60,118570,79],{"class":78},[60,118572,88],{"class":74},[60,118574,91],{"class":78},[60,118576,495],{"class":82},[60,118578,79],{"class":78},[60,118580,88],{"class":74},[60,118582,91],{"class":78},[60,118584,118585],{"class":82},"Cherry",[60,118587,79],{"class":78},[60,118589,1525],{"class":74},[60,118591,118592],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118593,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,118595,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,118597,688],{"class":66},[60,118599,71],{"class":70},[60,118601,74446],{"class":139},[60,118603,124],{"class":74},[60,118605,4025],{"class":120},[60,118607,88],{"class":74},[60,118609,21468],{"class":9084},[60,118611,71],{"class":70},[60,118613,3358],{"class":1683},[60,118615,117],{"class":74},[60,118617,8552],{"class":1723},[60,118619,133],{"class":74},[60,118621,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,118623,140],{"class":139},[60,118625,124],{"class":74},[60,118627,720],{"class":120},[60,118629,133],{"class":74},[20,118631,404],{},[51,118633,118635],{"className":53,"code":118634,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118636,118637],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118638,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118640,3812],{"class":74},[60,118642,205],{"class":78},[60,118644,495],{"class":82},[60,118646,205],{"class":78},[60,118648,88],{"class":74},[60,118650,214],{"class":78},[60,118652,83251],{"class":82},[60,118654,205],{"class":78},[60,118656,88],{"class":74},[60,118658,214],{"class":78},[60,118660,118585],{"class":82},[60,118662,205],{"class":78},[60,118664,1525],{"class":74},[20,118666,118667,118668,35215,118670,117],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118669,42245],{},[30,118671,3491,118672,3424],{"href":42242},[15,118673,42245],{},[46,118675,118677,474,118679],{"id":118676},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118678,74312],{},[15,118680,77755],{},[20,118682,118683],{},"The main difference is this:",[260,118685,118686,118691],{},[263,118687,118688,118690],{},[15,118689,74312],{}," returns a new list",[263,118692,118693,73850],{},[15,118694,77755],{},[20,118696,118697],{},"Also:",[260,118699,118700,118705],{},[263,118701,118702,118704],{},[15,118703,74312],{}," works with many iterables",[263,118706,118707,79188],{},[15,118708,77755],{},[20,118710,243,118711,1227],{},[15,118712,74312],{},[260,118714,118715,118718],{},[263,118716,118717],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[263,118719,118720],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118722,118723,118724,117],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[30,118725,3491,118726,474,118728,5694],{"href":79013},[15,118727,74312],{},[15,118729,77755],{},[46,118731,118733],{"id":118732},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118735,118736,118737,117],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118738,74312],{},[337,118740,118742],{"id":118741},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118744,118745,118746,258],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118747,2919],{},[51,118749,118751],{"className":53,"code":118750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118752,118753,118777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118754,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118756,3736],{"class":66},[60,118758,71],{"class":70},[60,118760,1512],{"class":74},[60,118762,358],{"class":357},[60,118764,88],{"class":74},[60,118766,91],{"class":78},[60,118768,1303],{"class":82},[60,118770,79],{"class":78},[60,118772,88],{"class":74},[60,118774,368],{"class":357},[60,118776,1525],{"class":74},[60,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118780,140],{"class":139},[60,118782,124],{"class":74},[60,118784,74402],{"class":139},[60,118786,124],{"class":74},[60,118788,5268],{"class":120},[60,118790,1691],{"class":74},[20,118792,118793],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[337,118795,118797,118798,2222],{"id":118796},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118799,14732],{},[20,118801,118802],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118804,2127],{},[51,118806,118808],{"className":53,"code":118807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118809,118810,118830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118811,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118813,350],{"class":66},[60,118815,71],{"class":70},[60,118817,1512],{"class":74},[60,118819,2250],{"class":357},[60,118821,88],{"class":74},[60,118823,363],{"class":357},[60,118825,88],{"class":74},[60,118827,7707],{"class":357},[60,118829,1525],{"class":74},[60,118831,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118833,140],{"class":139},[60,118835,124],{"class":74},[60,118837,74402],{"class":139},[60,118839,124],{"class":74},[60,118841,380],{"class":120},[60,118843,88],{"class":74},[60,118845,21468],{"class":9084},[60,118847,71],{"class":70},[60,118849,11064],{"class":139},[60,118851,1691],{"class":74},[20,118853,48395,118854,118856],{},[15,118855,42245],{}," does not work on integers.",[337,118858,118860],{"id":118859},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118862,118863],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,118865,118867],{"className":53,"code":118866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118868,118869,118889,118899,118903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118870,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118872,350],{"class":66},[60,118874,71],{"class":70},[60,118876,1512],{"class":74},[60,118878,389],{"class":357},[60,118880,88],{"class":74},[60,118882,5408],{"class":357},[60,118884,88],{"class":74},[60,118886,363],{"class":357},[60,118888,1525],{"class":74},[60,118890,118891,118893,118895,118897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118892,74402],{"class":139},[60,118894,124],{"class":74},[60,118896,380],{"class":120},[60,118898,133],{"class":74},[60,118900,118901],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,118902,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,118904,118905,118907,118909,118911],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,118906,140],{"class":139},[60,118908,124],{"class":74},[60,118910,380],{"class":120},[60,118912,133],{"class":74},[20,118914,404],{},[51,118916,118918],{"className":53,"code":118917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118919,118920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118921,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118923,3812],{"class":74},[60,118925,389],{"class":357},[60,118927,88],{"class":74},[60,118929,5408],{"class":357},[60,118931,88],{"class":74},[60,118933,363],{"class":357},[60,118935,1525],{"class":74},[20,118937,118938],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[46,118940,1245],{"id":1244},[260,118942,118943,118947,118950,118955,118959],{},[263,118944,4490,118945,73850],{},[15,118946,74312],{},[263,118948,118949],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[263,118951,4615,118952,118954],{},[15,118953,74312],{}," always returns a list",[263,118956,8331,118957,22990],{},[15,118958,118407],{},[263,118960,29535,118961,118963,118964],{},[15,118962,64199],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118965,74312],{},[20,118967,118968],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[51,118970,118972],{"className":53,"code":118971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118973,118974,118996,119022,119060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118975,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118977,140],{"class":139},[60,118979,124],{"class":74},[60,118981,74402],{"class":139},[60,118983,1641],{"class":74},[60,118985,389],{"class":357},[60,118987,88],{"class":74},[60,118989,5408],{"class":357},[60,118991,88],{"class":74},[60,118993,363],{"class":357},[60,118995,2913],{"class":74},[60,118997,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118999,140],{"class":139},[60,119001,124],{"class":74},[60,119003,1684],{"class":1683},[60,119005,124],{"class":74},[60,119007,74402],{"class":139},[60,119009,5421],{"class":74},[60,119011,389],{"class":357},[60,119013,88],{"class":74},[60,119015,5408],{"class":357},[60,119017,88],{"class":74},[60,119019,363],{"class":357},[60,119021,93255],{"class":74},[60,119023,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119025,140],{"class":139},[60,119027,124],{"class":74},[60,119029,74402],{"class":139},[60,119031,1641],{"class":74},[60,119033,205],{"class":78},[60,119035,83251],{"class":82},[60,119037,205],{"class":78},[60,119039,88],{"class":74},[60,119041,214],{"class":78},[60,119043,495],{"class":82},[60,119045,205],{"class":78},[60,119047,17952],{"class":74},[60,119049,21468],{"class":9084},[60,119051,71],{"class":70},[60,119053,3358],{"class":1683},[60,119055,117],{"class":74},[60,119057,8552],{"class":1723},[60,119059,1691],{"class":74},[60,119061,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,119063,140],{"class":139},[60,119065,124],{"class":74},[60,119067,74402],{"class":139},[60,119069,1641],{"class":74},[60,119071,389],{"class":357},[60,119073,88],{"class":74},[60,119075,5408],{"class":357},[60,119077,88],{"class":74},[60,119079,363],{"class":357},[60,119081,17952],{"class":74},[60,119083,77958],{"class":9084},[60,119085,71],{"class":70},[60,119087,3520],{"class":734},[60,119089,1691],{"class":74},[20,119091,119092,119093,117],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[30,119094,52658],{"href":50865},[46,119096,1746],{"id":1745},[337,119098,12599,119100,57049],{"id":119099},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119101,74312],{},[20,119103,119104],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[337,119106,1760,119108,1763],{"id":119107},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119109,74312],{},[20,119111,119112],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[337,119114,119116,119117,10994,119119,1779],{"id":119115},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119118,74312],{},[15,119120,77755],{},[20,119122,243,119123,119125],{},[15,119124,74312],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[337,119127,1760,119129,86339,119131,1779],{"id":119128},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119130,118407],{},[15,119132,74312],{},[20,119134,119135],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[337,119137,5067,119139,119141,119142,1779],{"id":119138},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119140,74312],{}," give a ",[15,119143,2919],{},[20,119145,119146],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[46,119148,1808],{"id":1807},[260,119150,119151,119155,119163,119167,119173,119179],{},[263,119152,119153],{},[30,119154,79761],{"href":78264},[263,119156,119157],{},[30,119158,3491,119159,474,119161,5694],{"href":79013},[15,119160,74312],{},[15,119162,77755],{},[263,119164,119165],{},[30,119166,52658],{"href":50865},[263,119168,119169],{},[30,119170,3491,119171,3424],{"href":42242},[15,119172,42245],{},[263,119174,119175],{},[30,119176,3491,119177,3424],{"href":91911},[15,119178,35635],{},[263,119180,119181],{},[30,119182,3491,119183,3424],{"href":36080},[15,119184,36083],{},[1841,119186,119187],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":119189},[119190,119191,119193,119196,119197,119204,119206,119208,119210,119216,119217,119229],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":117470,"depth":111,"text":119192},"What sorted() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":119194},[119195],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":117709,"depth":111,"text":117710,"children":119198},[119199,119200,119201,119202,119203],{"id":8006,"depth":136,"text":117718},{"id":48838,"depth":136,"text":117782},{"id":1718,"depth":136,"text":117879},{"id":61061,"depth":136,"text":117943},{"id":15496,"depth":136,"text":29108},{"id":118148,"depth":111,"text":119205},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118404,"depth":111,"text":119207},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118676,"depth":111,"text":119209},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118732,"depth":111,"text":118733,"children":119211},[119212,119213,119215],{"id":118741,"depth":136,"text":118742},{"id":118796,"depth":136,"text":119214},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118859,"depth":136,"text":118860},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":119218},[119219,119221,119223,119225,119227],{"id":119099,"depth":136,"text":119220},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119107,"depth":136,"text":119222},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119115,"depth":136,"text":119224},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119128,"depth":136,"text":119226},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119138,"depth":136,"text":119228},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117372,"description":119230},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119237,"title":119238,"body":119239,"description":121350,"extension":1883,"meta":121351,"navigation":152,"path":79013,"seo":121352,"stem":121353,"__hash__":121354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119240,"toc":121297},[119241,119248,119251,119261,119267,119270,119288,119296,119298,119357,119365,119369,119391,119395,119399,119401,119418,119420,119432,119438,119522,119526,119573,119579,119586,119590,119595,119597,119609,119614,119667,119671,119691,119698,119705,119709,119712,119731,119735,119849,119853,119923,119925,119937,119942,119946,119959,119963,120038,120042,120081,120088,120094,120099,120103,120117,120121,120186,120190,120223,120226,120231,120239,120246,120259,120262,120266,120349,120353,120390,120394,120497,120501,120562,120567,120574,120578,120581,120587,120590,120657,120661,120685,120687,120705,120712,120765,120769,120789,120795,120797,120854,120861,120887,120892,120897,120905,120911,120971,120975,121022,121025,121027,121030,121056,121059,121152,121154,121174,121178,121181,121199,121205,121207,121215,121220,121227,121230,121236,121239,121245,121253,121261,121266,121268,121294],[10,119242,3491,119244,474,119246,92969],{"id":119243},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119245,74312],{},[15,119247,77755],{},[20,119249,119250],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[260,119252,119253,119257],{},[263,119254,119255],{},[15,119256,74312],{},[263,119258,119259],{},[15,119260,77755],{},[20,119262,119263,119264,119266],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[41,119265,43],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119268,119269],{},"The main difference is simple:",[260,119271,119272,119280],{},[263,119273,243,119274,119276,119277],{},[15,119275,74312],{}," when you want a ",[41,119278,119279],{},"new sorted result",[263,119281,243,119282,119284,119285],{},[15,119283,77755],{}," when you want to ",[41,119286,119287],{},"change the original list",[20,119289,119290,119291,641,119293,119295],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119292,77755],{},[15,119294,277],{}," and causes confusion.",[46,119297,3525],{"id":3524},[51,119299,119301],{"className":53,"code":119300,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119302,119303,119323,119327,119344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119304,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119306,350],{"class":66},[60,119308,71],{"class":70},[60,119310,1512],{"class":74},[60,119312,389],{"class":357},[60,119314,88],{"class":74},[60,119316,5408],{"class":357},[60,119318,88],{"class":74},[60,119320,363],{"class":357},[60,119322,1525],{"class":74},[60,119324,119325],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119326,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119328,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119330,55775],{"class":66},[60,119332,71],{"class":70},[60,119334,74446],{"class":139},[60,119336,124],{"class":74},[60,119338,380],{"class":120},[60,119340,174],{"class":74},[60,119342,119343],{"class":177},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[60,119345,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,119347,380],{"class":66},[60,119349,117],{"class":74},[60,119351,34684],{"class":120},[60,119353,7277],{"class":74},[60,119355,119356],{"class":177},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119358,243,119359,119361,119362,119364],{},[15,119360,74312],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119363,77755],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[46,119366,119368],{"id":119367},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[260,119370,119371,119376,119381,119388],{},[263,119372,243,119373,119375],{},[15,119374,74312],{}," to get a new sorted list",[263,119377,243,119378,119380],{},[15,119379,77755],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[263,119382,119383,119384,641,119386],{},"Understand why ",[15,119385,77755],{},[15,119387,277],{},[263,119389,119390],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[46,119392,250,119393,253],{"id":117470},[15,119394,74312],{},[20,119396,119397,62813],{},[15,119398,74312],{},[20,119400,48812],{},[260,119402,119403,119409,119415],{},[263,119404,119405,119406],{},"returns a ",[41,119407,119408],{},"new list",[263,119410,119411,119412,119414],{},"does ",[41,119413,43],{}," change the original data",[263,119416,119417],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119419,51019],{},[260,119421,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430],{},[263,119423,5209],{},[263,119425,5212],{},[263,119427,5218],{},[263,119429,5215],{},[263,119431,35796],{},[337,119433,34963,119435,119437],{"id":119434},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119436,74312],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[51,119439,119441],{"className":53,"code":119440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119442,119443,119463,119467,119481,119485,119503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119444,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119446,350],{"class":66},[60,119448,71],{"class":70},[60,119450,1512],{"class":74},[60,119452,389],{"class":357},[60,119454,88],{"class":74},[60,119456,5408],{"class":357},[60,119458,88],{"class":74},[60,119460,363],{"class":357},[60,119462,1525],{"class":74},[60,119464,119465],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119466,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119468,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119470,688],{"class":66},[60,119472,71],{"class":70},[60,119474,74446],{"class":139},[60,119476,124],{"class":74},[60,119478,380],{"class":120},[60,119480,133],{"class":74},[60,119482,119483],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,119484,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119486,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,119488,140],{"class":139},[60,119490,124],{"class":74},[60,119492,79],{"class":78},[60,119494,12048],{"class":82},[60,119496,79],{"class":78},[60,119498,88],{"class":74},[60,119500,1294],{"class":120},[60,119502,133],{"class":74},[60,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511,119514,119516,119518,119520],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,119506,140],{"class":139},[60,119508,124],{"class":74},[60,119510,79],{"class":78},[60,119512,119513],{"class":82},"sorted result:",[60,119515,79],{"class":78},[60,119517,88],{"class":74},[60,119519,81105],{"class":120},[60,119521,133],{"class":74},[20,119523,119524],{},[41,119525,404],{},[51,119527,119529],{"className":53,"code":119528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119530,119531,119551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119532,119533,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119534,12027],{"class":66},[60,119536,258],{"class":74},[60,119538,1512],{"class":74},[60,119540,389],{"class":357},[60,119542,88],{"class":74},[60,119544,5408],{"class":357},[60,119546,88],{"class":74},[60,119548,363],{"class":357},[60,119550,1525],{"class":74},[60,119552,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119554,74402],{"class":139},[60,119556,81105],{"class":66},[60,119558,258],{"class":74},[60,119560,1512],{"class":74},[60,119562,358],{"class":357},[60,119564,88],{"class":74},[60,119566,363],{"class":357},[60,119568,88],{"class":74},[60,119570,368],{"class":357},[60,119572,1525],{"class":74},[20,119574,119575,119576,119578],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119577,380],{}," stays the same.",[20,119580,119581,119582,117],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[30,119583,3491,119584,3424],{"href":74409},[15,119585,74312],{},[46,119587,250,119588,253],{"id":77821},[15,119589,77755],{},[20,119591,119592,119594],{},[15,119593,64199],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119596,48812],{},[260,119598,119599,119602,119605],{},[263,119600,119601],{},"changes the original list directly",[263,119603,119604],{},"only works on lists",[263,119606,3605,119607],{},[15,119608,277],{},[337,119610,34963,119612,73850],{"id":119611},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119613,77755],{},[51,119615,119617],{"className":53,"code":119616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119618,119619,119639,119643,119653,119657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119620,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119622,350],{"class":66},[60,119624,71],{"class":70},[60,119626,1512],{"class":74},[60,119628,389],{"class":357},[60,119630,88],{"class":74},[60,119632,5408],{"class":357},[60,119634,88],{"class":74},[60,119636,363],{"class":357},[60,119638,1525],{"class":74},[60,119640,119641],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119642,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119644,119645,119647,119649,119651],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119646,380],{"class":66},[60,119648,117],{"class":74},[60,119650,34684],{"class":120},[60,119652,8555],{"class":74},[60,119654,119655],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,119656,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119658,119659,119661,119663,119665],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,119660,140],{"class":139},[60,119662,124],{"class":74},[60,119664,380],{"class":120},[60,119666,133],{"class":74},[20,119668,119669],{},[41,119670,404],{},[51,119672,119673],{"className":53,"code":55036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,119674,119675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119676,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119678,3812],{"class":74},[60,119680,358],{"class":357},[60,119682,88],{"class":74},[60,119684,363],{"class":357},[60,119686,88],{"class":74},[60,119688,368],{"class":357},[60,119690,1525],{"class":74},[20,119692,119693,119694,119697],{},"After calling ",[15,119695,119696],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119699,119700,119701,117],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[30,119702,3491,119703,1818],{"href":74663},[15,119704,77755],{},[46,119706,119708],{"id":119707},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119710,119711],{},"Here is the core difference:",[260,119713,119714,119723],{},[263,119715,119716,119719,119720],{},[15,119717,119718],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[41,119721,119722],{},"new sorted list",[263,119724,119725,119728,119729,74220],{},[15,119726,119727],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119730,8252],{},[337,119732,119734],{"id":119733},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[51,119736,119738],{"className":53,"code":119737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119739,119740,119760,119764,119778,119797,119816,119820,119830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119741,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119743,350],{"class":66},[60,119745,71],{"class":70},[60,119747,1512],{"class":74},[60,119749,2056],{"class":357},[60,119751,88],{"class":74},[60,119753,363],{"class":357},[60,119755,88],{"class":74},[60,119757,373],{"class":357},[60,119759,1525],{"class":74},[60,119761,119762],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119763,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119765,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119767,2471],{"class":66},[60,119769,71],{"class":70},[60,119771,74446],{"class":139},[60,119773,124],{"class":74},[60,119775,380],{"class":120},[60,119777,133],{"class":74},[60,119779,119780,119782,119784,119786,119789,119791,119793,119795],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,119781,140],{"class":139},[60,119783,124],{"class":74},[60,119785,79],{"class":78},[60,119787,119788],{"class":82},"numbers after sorted():",[60,119790,79],{"class":78},[60,119792,88],{"class":74},[60,119794,1294],{"class":120},[60,119796,133],{"class":74},[60,119798,119799,119801,119803,119805,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,119800,140],{"class":139},[60,119802,124],{"class":74},[60,119804,79],{"class":78},[60,119806,119807],{"class":82},"a:",[60,119809,79],{"class":78},[60,119811,88],{"class":74},[60,119813,56773],{"class":120},[60,119815,133],{"class":74},[60,119817,119818],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,119819,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119821,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,119823,380],{"class":66},[60,119825,117],{"class":74},[60,119827,34684],{"class":120},[60,119829,8555],{"class":74},[60,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838,119841,119843,119845,119847],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,119833,140],{"class":139},[60,119835,124],{"class":74},[60,119837,79],{"class":78},[60,119839,119840],{"class":82},"numbers after sort():",[60,119842,79],{"class":78},[60,119844,88],{"class":74},[60,119846,1294],{"class":120},[60,119848,133],{"class":74},[20,119850,119851],{},[41,119852,404],{},[51,119854,119856],{"className":53,"code":119855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119857,119858,119881,119901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119859,119860,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119861,119862],{"class":66},"numbers after ",[60,119864,74402],{"class":139},[60,119866,29469],{"class":74},[60,119868,1512],{"class":74},[60,119870,2056],{"class":357},[60,119872,88],{"class":74},[60,119874,363],{"class":357},[60,119876,88],{"class":74},[60,119878,373],{"class":357},[60,119880,1525],{"class":74},[60,119882,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119884,30],{"class":66},[60,119886,258],{"class":74},[60,119888,1512],{"class":74},[60,119890,1303],{"class":357},[60,119892,88],{"class":74},[60,119894,373],{"class":357},[60,119896,88],{"class":74},[60,119898,4516],{"class":357},[60,119900,1525],{"class":74},[60,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119904,119862],{"class":66},[60,119906,34684],{"class":120},[60,119908,29469],{"class":74},[60,119910,1512],{"class":74},[60,119912,1303],{"class":357},[60,119914,88],{"class":74},[60,119916,373],{"class":357},[60,119918,88],{"class":74},[60,119920,4516],{"class":357},[60,119922,1525],{"class":74},[20,119924,10617],{},[260,119926,119927,119932],{},[263,119928,119929,119931],{},[15,119930,74312],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[263,119933,119934,119936],{},[15,119935,64199],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[46,119938,1220,119940],{"id":119939},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119941,74312],{},[20,119943,243,119944,1227],{},[15,119945,74312],{},[260,119947,119948,119951,119953,119956],{},[263,119949,119950],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[263,119952,118720],{},[263,119954,119955],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[263,119957,119958],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[337,119960,119962],{"id":119961},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[51,119964,119966],{"className":53,"code":119965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119967,119968,119992,119996,120010,120014,120024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119971,350],{"class":66},[60,119973,71],{"class":70},[60,119975,9144],{"class":74},[60,119977,2421],{"class":357},[60,119979,88],{"class":74},[60,119981,5408],{"class":357},[60,119983,88],{"class":74},[60,119985,368],{"class":357},[60,119987,88],{"class":74},[60,119989,363],{"class":357},[60,119991,133],{"class":74},[60,119993,119994],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119995,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,119999,688],{"class":66},[60,120001,71],{"class":70},[60,120003,74446],{"class":139},[60,120005,124],{"class":74},[60,120007,380],{"class":120},[60,120009,133],{"class":74},[60,120011,120012],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120013,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120017,140],{"class":139},[60,120019,124],{"class":74},[60,120021,720],{"class":120},[60,120023,133],{"class":74},[60,120025,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,120027,140],{"class":139},[60,120029,124],{"class":74},[60,120031,1684],{"class":1683},[60,120033,124],{"class":74},[60,120035,720],{"class":120},[60,120037,1691],{"class":74},[20,120039,120040],{},[41,120041,404],{},[51,120043,120045],{"className":53,"code":120044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120046,120047,120067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120048,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120050,3812],{"class":74},[60,120052,358],{"class":357},[60,120054,88],{"class":74},[60,120056,363],{"class":357},[60,120058,88],{"class":74},[60,120060,368],{"class":357},[60,120062,88],{"class":74},[60,120064,373],{"class":357},[60,120066,1525],{"class":74},[60,120068,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120070,3205],{"class":70},[60,120072,3208],{"class":1984},[60,120074,214],{"class":78},[60,120076,8006],{"class":82},[60,120078,205],{"class":78},[60,120080,3217],{"class":70},[20,120082,2205,120083,120085,120086,117],{},[15,120084,74312],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[41,120087,8006],{},[20,120089,120090,120091,120093],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[30,120092,52658],{"href":50865}," is a helpful next step.",[46,120095,1220,120097],{"id":120096},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120098,77755],{},[20,120100,243,120101,1227],{},[15,120102,77755],{},[260,120104,120105,120108,120111,120114],{},[263,120106,120107],{},"you already have a list",[263,120109,120110],{},"you want to update that list directly",[263,120112,120113],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[263,120115,120116],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[337,120118,120120],{"id":120119},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[51,120122,120124],{"className":53,"code":120123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120125,120126,120158,120162,120172,120176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120127,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120129,4905],{"class":66},[60,120131,71],{"class":70},[60,120133,1512],{"class":74},[60,120135,79],{"class":78},[60,120137,4932],{"class":82},[60,120139,79],{"class":78},[60,120141,88],{"class":74},[60,120143,91],{"class":78},[60,120145,4914],{"class":82},[60,120147,79],{"class":78},[60,120149,88],{"class":74},[60,120151,91],{"class":78},[60,120153,4923],{"class":82},[60,120155,79],{"class":78},[60,120157,1525],{"class":74},[60,120159,120160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120161,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120163,120164,120166,120168,120170],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120165,4949],{"class":66},[60,120167,117],{"class":74},[60,120169,34684],{"class":120},[60,120171,8555],{"class":74},[60,120173,120174],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120175,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120177,120178,120180,120182,120184],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120179,140],{"class":139},[60,120181,124],{"class":74},[60,120183,4949],{"class":120},[60,120185,133],{"class":74},[20,120187,120188],{},[41,120189,404],{},[51,120191,120193],{"className":53,"code":120192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120194,120195],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120198,3812],{"class":74},[60,120200,205],{"class":78},[60,120202,4914],{"class":82},[60,120204,205],{"class":78},[60,120206,88],{"class":74},[60,120208,214],{"class":78},[60,120210,4923],{"class":82},[60,120212,205],{"class":78},[60,120214,88],{"class":74},[60,120216,214],{"class":78},[60,120218,4932],{"class":82},[60,120220,205],{"class":78},[60,120222,1525],{"class":74},[20,120224,120225],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120227,120228,120229,117],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[30,120230,79761],{"href":78264},[46,120232,120234,1776,120236,120238],{"id":120233},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120235,73465],{},[15,120237,14732],{}," work with both",[20,120240,10495,120241,1776,120243,120245],{},[15,120242,74312],{},[15,120244,77755],{}," support:",[260,120247,120248,120253],{},[263,120249,120250,120252],{},[15,120251,77979],{}," for descending order",[263,120254,120255,120258],{},[15,120256,120257],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120260,120261],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[337,120263,120265],{"id":120264},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[51,120267,120269],{"className":53,"code":120268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120270,120271,120291,120295,120317,120321,120339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120272,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120274,350],{"class":66},[60,120276,71],{"class":70},[60,120278,1512],{"class":74},[60,120280,389],{"class":357},[60,120282,88],{"class":74},[60,120284,5408],{"class":357},[60,120286,88],{"class":74},[60,120288,363],{"class":357},[60,120290,1525],{"class":74},[60,120292,120293],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120294,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120296,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120298,140],{"class":139},[60,120300,124],{"class":74},[60,120302,74402],{"class":139},[60,120304,124],{"class":74},[60,120306,380],{"class":120},[60,120308,88],{"class":74},[60,120310,77958],{"class":9084},[60,120312,71],{"class":70},[60,120314,3520],{"class":734},[60,120316,1691],{"class":74},[60,120318,120319],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120320,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120322,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120324,380],{"class":66},[60,120326,117],{"class":74},[60,120328,34684],{"class":120},[60,120330,124],{"class":74},[60,120332,73465],{"class":9084},[60,120334,71],{"class":70},[60,120336,3520],{"class":734},[60,120338,133],{"class":74},[60,120340,120341,120343,120345,120347],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,120342,140],{"class":139},[60,120344,124],{"class":74},[60,120346,380],{"class":120},[60,120348,133],{"class":74},[20,120350,120351],{},[41,120352,404],{},[51,120354,120356],{"className":53,"code":120355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120357,120358,120374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120359,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120361,3812],{"class":74},[60,120363,389],{"class":357},[60,120365,88],{"class":74},[60,120367,363],{"class":357},[60,120369,88],{"class":74},[60,120371,5408],{"class":357},[60,120373,1525],{"class":74},[60,120375,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120377,3812],{"class":74},[60,120379,389],{"class":357},[60,120381,88],{"class":74},[60,120383,363],{"class":357},[60,120385,88],{"class":74},[60,120387,5408],{"class":357},[60,120389,1525],{"class":74},[337,120391,120393],{"id":120392},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[51,120395,120397],{"className":53,"code":120396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120398,120399,120431,120435,120461,120465,120487],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120402,3983],{"class":66},[60,120404,71],{"class":70},[60,120406,1512],{"class":74},[60,120408,79],{"class":78},[60,120410,83251],{"class":82},[60,120412,79],{"class":78},[60,120414,88],{"class":74},[60,120416,91],{"class":78},[60,120418,495],{"class":82},[60,120420,79],{"class":78},[60,120422,88],{"class":74},[60,120424,91],{"class":78},[60,120426,118585],{"class":82},[60,120428,79],{"class":78},[60,120430,1525],{"class":74},[60,120432,120433],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120434,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120436,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120438,140],{"class":139},[60,120440,124],{"class":74},[60,120442,74402],{"class":139},[60,120444,124],{"class":74},[60,120446,4025],{"class":120},[60,120448,88],{"class":74},[60,120450,21468],{"class":9084},[60,120452,71],{"class":70},[60,120454,3358],{"class":1683},[60,120456,117],{"class":74},[60,120458,8552],{"class":1723},[60,120460,1691],{"class":74},[60,120462,120463],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120464,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120466,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120468,4025],{"class":66},[60,120470,117],{"class":74},[60,120472,34684],{"class":120},[60,120474,124],{"class":74},[60,120476,14732],{"class":9084},[60,120478,71],{"class":70},[60,120480,3358],{"class":1683},[60,120482,117],{"class":74},[60,120484,8552],{"class":1723},[60,120486,133],{"class":74},[60,120488,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,120490,140],{"class":139},[60,120492,124],{"class":74},[60,120494,4025],{"class":120},[60,120496,133],{"class":74},[20,120498,120499],{},[41,120500,404],{},[51,120502,120504],{"className":53,"code":120503,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120505,120506,120534],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120507,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120509,3812],{"class":74},[60,120511,205],{"class":78},[60,120513,495],{"class":82},[60,120515,205],{"class":78},[60,120517,88],{"class":74},[60,120519,214],{"class":78},[60,120521,83251],{"class":82},[60,120523,205],{"class":78},[60,120525,88],{"class":74},[60,120527,214],{"class":78},[60,120529,118585],{"class":82},[60,120531,205],{"class":78},[60,120533,1525],{"class":74},[60,120535,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120537,3812],{"class":74},[60,120539,205],{"class":78},[60,120541,495],{"class":82},[60,120543,205],{"class":78},[60,120545,88],{"class":74},[60,120547,214],{"class":78},[60,120549,83251],{"class":82},[60,120551,205],{"class":78},[60,120553,88],{"class":74},[60,120555,214],{"class":78},[60,120557,118585],{"class":82},[60,120559,205],{"class":78},[60,120561,1525],{"class":74},[20,120563,8331,120564,120566],{},[15,120565,78473],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120568,120569,120570,117],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[30,120571,120573],{"href":120572},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[46,120575,120577],{"id":120576},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120579,120580],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[337,120582,120584,120585,12492],{"id":120583},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120586,77755],{},[20,120588,120589],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[51,120591,120593],{"className":53,"code":120592,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120594,120595,120615,120619,120633,120637,120647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120596,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120598,350],{"class":66},[60,120600,71],{"class":70},[60,120602,1512],{"class":74},[60,120604,389],{"class":357},[60,120606,88],{"class":74},[60,120608,5408],{"class":357},[60,120610,88],{"class":74},[60,120612,363],{"class":357},[60,120614,1525],{"class":74},[60,120616,120617],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120618,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120620,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120622,688],{"class":66},[60,120624,71],{"class":70},[60,120626,1294],{"class":66},[60,120628,117],{"class":74},[60,120630,34684],{"class":120},[60,120632,8555],{"class":74},[60,120634,120635],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120636,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120640,140],{"class":139},[60,120642,124],{"class":74},[60,120644,720],{"class":120},[60,120646,133],{"class":74},[60,120648,120649,120651,120653,120655],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,120650,140],{"class":139},[60,120652,124],{"class":74},[60,120654,380],{"class":120},[60,120656,133],{"class":74},[20,120658,120659],{},[41,120660,404],{},[51,120662,120663],{"className":53,"code":79096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120664,120665,120669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120666,120667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120668,727],{"class":734},[60,120670,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120672,3812],{"class":74},[60,120674,358],{"class":357},[60,120676,88],{"class":74},[60,120678,363],{"class":357},[60,120680,88],{"class":74},[60,120682,368],{"class":357},[60,120684,1525],{"class":74},[20,120686,11794],{},[260,120688,120689,120694,120699],{},[263,120690,120691,120693],{},[15,120692,119696],{}," sorts the list in place",[263,120695,34900,120696,120698],{},[41,120697,43],{}," return the sorted list",[263,120700,89875,120701,1324,120703],{},[15,120702,720],{},[15,120704,277],{},[337,120706,120708,120709,120711],{"id":120707},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120710,74312],{}," to change the original list",[51,120713,120715],{"className":53,"code":120714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120716,120717,120737,120741,120751,120755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120718,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120720,350],{"class":66},[60,120722,71],{"class":70},[60,120724,1512],{"class":74},[60,120726,389],{"class":357},[60,120728,88],{"class":74},[60,120730,5408],{"class":357},[60,120732,88],{"class":74},[60,120734,363],{"class":357},[60,120736,1525],{"class":74},[60,120738,120739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120740,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120742,120743,120745,120747,120749],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120744,74402],{"class":139},[60,120746,124],{"class":74},[60,120748,380],{"class":120},[60,120750,133],{"class":74},[60,120752,120753],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120754,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120756,120757,120759,120761,120763],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120758,140],{"class":139},[60,120760,124],{"class":74},[60,120762,380],{"class":120},[60,120764,133],{"class":74},[20,120766,120767],{},[41,120768,404],{},[51,120770,120771],{"className":53,"code":118917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120772,120773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120774,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120776,3812],{"class":74},[60,120778,389],{"class":357},[60,120780,88],{"class":74},[60,120782,5408],{"class":357},[60,120784,88],{"class":74},[60,120786,363],{"class":357},[60,120788,1525],{"class":74},[20,120790,120791,120794],{},[15,120792,120793],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120796,10711],{},[51,120798,120800],{"className":53,"code":120799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120801,120802,120822,120826,120840,120844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120803,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120805,350],{"class":66},[60,120807,71],{"class":70},[60,120809,1512],{"class":74},[60,120811,389],{"class":357},[60,120813,88],{"class":74},[60,120815,5408],{"class":357},[60,120817,88],{"class":74},[60,120819,363],{"class":357},[60,120821,1525],{"class":74},[60,120823,120824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120825,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120829,55527],{"class":66},[60,120831,71],{"class":70},[60,120833,74446],{"class":139},[60,120835,124],{"class":74},[60,120837,380],{"class":120},[60,120839,133],{"class":74},[60,120841,120842],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120843,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120847,140],{"class":139},[60,120849,124],{"class":74},[60,120851,55546],{"class":120},[60,120853,133],{"class":74},[337,120855,120857,120858,120860],{"id":120856},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120859,64199],{}," on a tuple or string",[51,120862,120863],{"className":53,"code":79198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120864,120865,120877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120866,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120868,34573],{"class":66},[60,120870,71],{"class":70},[60,120872,91],{"class":78},[60,120874,55],{"class":82},[60,120876,3273],{"class":78},[60,120878,120879,120881,120883,120885],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120880,34594],{"class":66},[60,120882,117],{"class":74},[60,120884,34684],{"class":120},[60,120886,8555],{"class":74},[20,120888,120889,120890,33485],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120891,64199],{},[20,120893,120894,120896],{},[15,120895,64199],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120898,120899,120900,120902,120903,117],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120901,74312],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[30,120904,5047],{"href":5497},[337,120906,120908,120909,118954],{"id":120907},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120910,74312],{},[51,120912,120914],{"className":53,"code":120913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120915,120916,120929,120943,120947,120957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120917,120918,120920,120922,120924,120927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120919,34573],{"class":66},[60,120921,71],{"class":70},[60,120923,91],{"class":78},[60,120925,120926],{"class":82},"cab",[60,120928,3273],{"class":78},[60,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120932,688],{"class":66},[60,120934,71],{"class":70},[60,120936,74446],{"class":139},[60,120938,124],{"class":74},[60,120940,34594],{"class":120},[60,120942,133],{"class":74},[60,120944,120945],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,120946,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,120948,120949,120951,120953,120955],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,120950,140],{"class":139},[60,120952,124],{"class":74},[60,120954,720],{"class":120},[60,120956,133],{"class":74},[60,120958,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,120960,140],{"class":139},[60,120962,124],{"class":74},[60,120964,1684],{"class":1683},[60,120966,124],{"class":74},[60,120968,720],{"class":120},[60,120970,1691],{"class":74},[20,120972,120973],{},[41,120974,404],{},[51,120976,120978],{"className":53,"code":120977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120979,120980,121008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120981,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120983,3812],{"class":74},[60,120985,205],{"class":78},[60,120987,30],{"class":82},[60,120989,205],{"class":78},[60,120991,88],{"class":74},[60,120993,214],{"class":78},[60,120995,1428],{"class":82},[60,120997,205],{"class":78},[60,120999,88],{"class":74},[60,121001,214],{"class":78},[60,121003,1437],{"class":82},[60,121005,205],{"class":78},[60,121007,1525],{"class":74},[60,121009,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121011,3205],{"class":70},[60,121013,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121015,214],{"class":78},[60,121017,8006],{"class":82},[60,121019,205],{"class":78},[60,121021,3217],{"class":70},[20,121023,121024],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[46,121026,113475],{"id":113474},[20,121028,121029],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[260,121031,121032,121035,121040,121045,121051],{},[263,121033,121034],{},"confusing a function with a method",[263,121036,121037,121038,53530],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121039,64199],{},[263,121041,121042,121043,12492],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121044,77755],{},[263,121046,121047,121048,121050],{},"trying to use ",[15,121049,64199],{}," on non-list data types",[263,121052,50391,121053,121055],{},[15,121054,74312],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121057,121058],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,121060,121062],{"className":53,"code":121061,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121063,121064,121074,121088,121113,121128,121138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121065,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121067,140],{"class":139},[60,121069,124],{"class":74},[60,121071,8252],{"class":120},[60,121073,133],{"class":74},[60,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121077,140],{"class":139},[60,121079,124],{"class":74},[60,121081,74402],{"class":139},[60,121083,124],{"class":74},[60,121085,8252],{"class":120},[60,121087,1691],{"class":74},[60,121089,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121105,121107,121109,121111],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121091,688],{"class":66},[60,121093,71],{"class":70},[60,121095,8309],{"class":66},[60,121097,117],{"class":74},[60,121099,34684],{"class":120},[60,121101,7277],{"class":74},[60,121103,121104],{"class":66},"; ",[60,121106,140],{"class":139},[60,121108,124],{"class":74},[60,121110,720],{"class":120},[60,121112,133],{"class":74},[60,121114,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121126],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121116,140],{"class":139},[60,121118,124],{"class":74},[60,121120,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121122,124],{"class":74},[60,121124,121125],{"class":120},"my_data",[60,121127,1691],{"class":74},[60,121129,121130,121132,121134,121136],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121131,1713],{"class":139},[60,121133,124],{"class":74},[60,121135,74402],{"class":139},[60,121137,133],{"class":74},[60,121139,121140,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,121141,1713],{"class":139},[60,121143,124],{"class":74},[60,121145,8006],{"class":1683},[60,121147,117],{"class":74},[60,121149,34684],{"class":1723},[60,121151,133],{"class":74},[20,121153,84261],{},[260,121155,121156,121159,121163,121171],{},[263,121157,121158],{},"whether your original list changed",[263,121160,25905,121161,11600],{},[15,121162,74312],{},[263,121164,121165,121166,121168,121169],{},"whether ",[15,121167,64199],{}," returned ",[15,121170,277],{},[263,121172,121173],{},"what type of object you are working with",[46,121175,121177],{"id":121176},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121179,121180],{},"Use this rule:",[260,121182,121183,121191],{},[263,121184,121185,121186,121188,121189],{},"Need a ",[41,121187,119279],{},": use ",[15,121190,74312],{},[263,121192,121193,121194,121188,121197],{},"Need to ",[41,121195,121196],{},"change one list directly",[15,121198,77755],{},[20,121200,121201,121202,121204],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121203,74312],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[46,121206,1746],{"id":1745},[337,121208,121210,121211,288,121213,1779],{"id":121209},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121212,74312],{},[15,121214,77755],{},[20,121216,121217,121219],{},[15,121218,74312],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[337,121221,5067,121223,5070,121225,1779],{"id":121222},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121224,77755],{},[15,121226,277],{},[20,121228,121229],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[337,121231,5079,121233,121235],{"id":121232},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121234,74312],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121237,121238],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[337,121240,1795,121242,121244],{"id":121241},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121243,64199],{}," on a string?",[20,121246,1801,121247,121249,121250,39814],{},[15,121248,64199],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121251,121252],{},"sorted(string)",[337,121254,11713,121256,1776,121258,121260],{"id":121255},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121257,74312],{},[15,121259,64199],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121262,121263,121264,117],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121265,77979],{},[46,121267,1808],{"id":1807},[260,121269,121270,121276,121282,121286,121290],{},[263,121271,121272],{},[30,121273,3491,121274,3424],{"href":74409},[15,121275,74312],{},[263,121277,121278],{},[30,121279,3491,121280,1818],{"href":74663},[15,121281,77755],{},[263,121283,121284],{},[30,121285,79761],{"href":78264},[263,121287,121288],{},[30,121289,120573],{"href":120572},[263,121291,121292],{},[30,121293,52658],{"href":50865},[1841,121295,121296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":121298},[121299,121300,121301,121305,121309,121312,121316,121320,121325,121335,121336,121337,121349],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":119367,"depth":111,"text":119368},{"id":117470,"depth":111,"text":119192,"children":121302},[121303],{"id":119434,"depth":136,"text":121304},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77821,"depth":111,"text":79783,"children":121306},[121307],{"id":119611,"depth":136,"text":121308},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119707,"depth":111,"text":119708,"children":121310},[121311],{"id":119733,"depth":136,"text":119734},{"id":119939,"depth":111,"text":121313,"children":121314},"When to use sorted()",[121315],{"id":119961,"depth":136,"text":119962},{"id":120096,"depth":111,"text":121317,"children":121318},"When to use list.sort()",[121319],{"id":120119,"depth":136,"text":120120},{"id":120233,"depth":111,"text":121321,"children":121322},"reverse and key work with both",[121323,121324],{"id":120264,"depth":136,"text":120265},{"id":120392,"depth":136,"text":120393},{"id":120576,"depth":111,"text":120577,"children":121326},[121327,121329,121331,121333],{"id":120583,"depth":136,"text":121328},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120707,"depth":136,"text":121330},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120856,"depth":136,"text":121332},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120907,"depth":136,"text":121334},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113474,"depth":111,"text":113475},{"id":121176,"depth":111,"text":121177},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":121338},[121339,121341,121343,121345,121347],{"id":121209,"depth":136,"text":121340},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121222,"depth":136,"text":121342},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121232,"depth":136,"text":121344},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121241,"depth":136,"text":121346},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121255,"depth":136,"text":121348},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119238,"description":121350},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121356,"title":42060,"body":121357,"description":123089,"extension":1883,"meta":123090,"navigation":152,"path":123091,"seo":123092,"stem":123093,"__hash__":123094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121358,"toc":123046},[121359,121364,121369,121375,121377,121432,121436,121459,121464,121469,121474,121476,121507,121510,121524,121526,121528,121543,121548,121552,121555,121606,121610,121624,121631,121635,121639,121694,121698,121721,121725,121781,121785,121808,121812,121867,121871,121894,121898,121965,121969,122004,122010,122015,122020,122022,122036,122038,122112,122116,122136,122141,122148,122151,122163,122165,122234,122238,122275,122278,122303,122310,122319,122322,122334,122340,122346,122348,122354,122359,122438,122442,122483,122487,122489,122516,122519,122542,122545,122551,122554,122591,122603,122610,122612,122663,122666,122698,122701,122703,122710,122712,122727,122729,122786,122790,122814,122816,122821,122837,122844,122848,122851,122934,122944,122946,122951,122954,122960,122963,122969,122972,122978,122981,122988,122996,122998,123043],[10,121360,3491,121362,3495],{"id":121361},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121363,47568],{},[20,121365,32202,121366,121368],{},[15,121367,47568],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121370,121371,121372,121374],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121373,47568],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[46,121376,49],{"id":48},[51,121378,121380],{"className":53,"code":121379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121381,121382,121390,121404,121408,121418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121383,121384,121386,121388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121385,21517],{"class":66},[60,121387,71],{"class":70},[60,121389,45111],{"class":357},[60,121391,121392,121394,121396,121398,121400,121402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121393,34573],{"class":66},[60,121395,71],{"class":70},[60,121397,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121399,124],{"class":74},[60,121401,9206],{"class":120},[60,121403,133],{"class":74},[60,121405,121406],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121407,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121409,121410,121412,121414,121416],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121411,140],{"class":139},[60,121413,124],{"class":74},[60,121415,34594],{"class":120},[60,121417,133],{"class":74},[60,121419,121420,121422,121424,121426,121428,121430],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121421,140],{"class":139},[60,121423,124],{"class":74},[60,121425,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121427,124],{"class":74},[60,121429,34594],{"class":120},[60,121431,1691],{"class":74},[20,121433,121434],{},[41,121435,404],{},[51,121437,121439],{"className":53,"code":121438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121440,121441,121445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121442,121443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121444,2626],{"class":357},[60,121446,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121448,3205],{"class":70},[60,121450,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121452,214],{"class":78},[60,121454,3358],{"class":82},[60,121456,205],{"class":78},[60,121458,3217],{"class":70},[20,121460,243,121461,121463],{},[15,121462,47568],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[46,121465,250,121467,253],{"id":121466},"what-str-does",[15,121468,47568],{},[20,121470,121471,121473],{},[15,121472,47568],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121475,2026],{},[260,121477,121478,121485,121492,121499],{},[263,121479,121480,121481,1324,121483],{},"An integer like ",[15,121482,2250],{},[15,121484,42011],{},[263,121486,121487,121488,1324,121490],{},"A float like ",[15,121489,40028],{},[15,121491,47979],{},[263,121493,121494,121495,1324,121497],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121496,3520],{},[15,121498,6552],{},[263,121500,121501,121502,1324,121504],{},"A list like ",[15,121503,75134],{},[15,121505,121506],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121508,121509],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[260,121511,121512,121515,121518,121521],{},[263,121513,121514],{},"print it",[263,121516,121517],{},"combine it with other strings",[263,121519,121520],{},"save it to a file",[263,121522,121523],{},"use it in messages",[46,121525,296],{"id":295},[20,121527,7129],{},[51,121529,121531],{"className":53,"code":121530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"str(object)\n",[15,121532,121533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121534,121535,121537,121539,121541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121536,3358],{"class":1683},[60,121538,124],{"class":74},[60,121540,42283],{"class":1683},[60,121542,133],{"class":74},[20,121544,20660,121545,121547],{},[15,121546,42283],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121549,121550,8138],{},[15,121551,47568],{},[20,121553,121554],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[51,121556,121558],{"className":53,"code":121557,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121559,121560,121569,121592,121596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121561,121562,121564,121566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121563,5006],{"class":66},[60,121565,71],{"class":70},[60,121567,121568],{"class":357}," 100\n",[60,121570,121571,121573,121575,121577,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588,121590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121572,89895],{"class":66},[60,121574,71],{"class":70},[60,121576,91],{"class":78},[60,121578,121579],{"class":82},"Your score is ",[60,121581,79],{"class":78},[60,121583,2372],{"class":70},[60,121585,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121587,124],{"class":74},[60,121589,85408],{"class":120},[60,121591,133],{"class":74},[60,121593,121594],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121595,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121597,121598,121600,121602,121604],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121599,140],{"class":139},[60,121601,124],{"class":74},[60,121603,89912],{"class":120},[60,121605,133],{"class":74},[20,121607,121608],{},[41,121609,404],{},[51,121611,121613],{"className":53,"code":121612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121614,121615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121616,121617,121620,121622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121618,121619],{"class":66},"Your score ",[60,121621,12088],{"class":70},[60,121623,121568],{"class":357},[20,121625,2215,121626,121630],{},[30,121627,121628,2222],{"href":2218},[15,121629,2221],{}," can help you check.",[46,121632,121634],{"id":121633},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[337,121636,121638],{"id":121637},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[51,121640,121642],{"className":53,"code":121641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121643,121644,121652,121666,121670,121680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121645,121646,121648,121650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121647,2137],{"class":66},[60,121649,71],{"class":70},[60,121651,2504],{"class":357},[60,121653,121654,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121655,34573],{"class":66},[60,121657,71],{"class":70},[60,121659,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121661,124],{"class":74},[60,121663,2159],{"class":120},[60,121665,133],{"class":74},[60,121667,121668],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121669,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121671,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121673,140],{"class":139},[60,121675,124],{"class":74},[60,121677,34594],{"class":120},[60,121679,133],{"class":74},[60,121681,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121683,140],{"class":139},[60,121685,124],{"class":74},[60,121687,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121689,124],{"class":74},[60,121691,34594],{"class":120},[60,121693,1691],{"class":74},[20,121695,121696],{},[41,121697,404],{},[51,121699,121701],{"className":53,"code":121700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121702,121703,121707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121704,121705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121706,2296],{"class":357},[60,121708,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121710,3205],{"class":70},[60,121712,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121714,214],{"class":78},[60,121716,3358],{"class":82},[60,121718,205],{"class":78},[60,121720,3217],{"class":70},[337,121722,121724],{"id":121723},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[51,121726,121728],{"className":53,"code":121727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121729,121730,121739,121753,121757,121767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121731,121732,121734,121736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121733,40271],{"class":66},[60,121735,71],{"class":70},[60,121737,121738],{"class":357}," 3.14\n",[60,121740,121741,121743,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121742,34573],{"class":66},[60,121744,71],{"class":70},[60,121746,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121748,124],{"class":74},[60,121750,25036],{"class":120},[60,121752,133],{"class":74},[60,121754,121755],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121756,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121760,140],{"class":139},[60,121762,124],{"class":74},[60,121764,34594],{"class":120},[60,121766,133],{"class":74},[60,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121770,140],{"class":139},[60,121772,124],{"class":74},[60,121774,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121776,124],{"class":74},[60,121778,34594],{"class":120},[60,121780,1691],{"class":74},[20,121782,121783],{},[41,121784,404],{},[51,121786,121788],{"className":53,"code":121787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121789,121790,121794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121791,121792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121793,40062],{"class":357},[60,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804,121806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121797,3205],{"class":70},[60,121799,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121801,214],{"class":78},[60,121803,3358],{"class":82},[60,121805,205],{"class":78},[60,121807,3217],{"class":70},[337,121809,121811],{"id":121810},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[51,121813,121815],{"className":53,"code":121814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121816,121817,121825,121839,121843,121853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121818,121819,121821,121823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121820,1700],{"class":66},[60,121822,71],{"class":70},[60,121824,6333],{"class":734},[60,121826,121827,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121828,34573],{"class":66},[60,121830,71],{"class":70},[60,121832,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121834,124],{"class":74},[60,121836,315],{"class":120},[60,121838,133],{"class":74},[60,121840,121841],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121842,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121846,140],{"class":139},[60,121848,124],{"class":74},[60,121850,34594],{"class":120},[60,121852,133],{"class":74},[60,121854,121855,121857,121859,121861,121863,121865],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121856,140],{"class":139},[60,121858,124],{"class":74},[60,121860,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121862,124],{"class":74},[60,121864,34594],{"class":120},[60,121866,1691],{"class":74},[20,121868,121869],{},[41,121870,404],{},[51,121872,121874],{"className":53,"code":121873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121875,121876,121880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121877,121878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121879,3892],{"class":734},[60,121881,121882,121884,121886,121888,121890,121892],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121883,3205],{"class":70},[60,121885,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121887,214],{"class":78},[60,121889,3358],{"class":82},[60,121891,205],{"class":78},[60,121893,3217],{"class":70},[337,121895,121897],{"id":121896},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[51,121899,121901],{"className":53,"code":121900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121902,121903,121923,121937,121941,121951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121906,486],{"class":66},[60,121908,71],{"class":70},[60,121910,1512],{"class":74},[60,121912,358],{"class":357},[60,121914,88],{"class":74},[60,121916,363],{"class":357},[60,121918,88],{"class":74},[60,121920,368],{"class":357},[60,121922,1525],{"class":74},[60,121924,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121926,34573],{"class":66},[60,121928,71],{"class":70},[60,121930,48789],{"class":1683},[60,121932,124],{"class":74},[60,121934,517],{"class":120},[60,121936,133],{"class":74},[60,121938,121939],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,121940,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,121944,140],{"class":139},[60,121946,124],{"class":74},[60,121948,34594],{"class":120},[60,121950,133],{"class":74},[60,121952,121953,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,121954,140],{"class":139},[60,121956,124],{"class":74},[60,121958,1684],{"class":1683},[60,121960,124],{"class":74},[60,121962,34594],{"class":120},[60,121964,1691],{"class":74},[20,121966,121967],{},[41,121968,404],{},[51,121970,121972],{"className":53,"code":121971,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121973,121974,121990],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121975,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121977,3812],{"class":74},[60,121979,358],{"class":357},[60,121981,88],{"class":74},[60,121983,363],{"class":357},[60,121985,88],{"class":74},[60,121987,368],{"class":357},[60,121989,1525],{"class":74},[60,121991,121992,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121993,3205],{"class":70},[60,121995,3208],{"class":1984},[60,121997,214],{"class":78},[60,121999,3358],{"class":82},[60,122001,205],{"class":78},[60,122003,3217],{"class":70},[20,122005,122006,122007,122009],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[41,122008,43],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[46,122011,1220,122013],{"id":122012},"when-to-use-str",[15,122014,47568],{},[20,122016,243,122017,122019],{},[15,122018,47568],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122021,36309],{},[260,122023,122024,122027,122030,122033],{},[263,122025,122026],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[263,122028,122029],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[263,122031,122032],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[263,122034,122035],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122037,2127],{},[51,122039,122041],{"className":53,"code":122040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122042,122043,122055,122063,122067,122102],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122044,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122046,7788],{"class":66},[60,122048,71],{"class":70},[60,122050,91],{"class":78},[60,122052,11407],{"class":82},[60,122054,3273],{"class":78},[60,122056,122057,122059,122061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122058,21517],{"class":66},[60,122060,71],{"class":70},[60,122062,45111],{"class":357},[60,122064,122065],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122066,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122068,122069,122071,122073,122075,122077,122079,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122100],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122070,89895],{"class":66},[60,122072,71],{"class":70},[60,122074,35855],{"class":66},[60,122076,1979],{"class":70},[60,122078,91],{"class":78},[60,122080,4694],{"class":82},[60,122082,79],{"class":78},[60,122084,2372],{"class":70},[60,122086,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122088,124],{"class":74},[60,122090,9206],{"class":120},[60,122092,174],{"class":74},[60,122094,2372],{"class":70},[60,122096,91],{"class":78},[60,122098,122099],{"class":82}," years old.",[60,122101,3273],{"class":78},[60,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,122105,140],{"class":139},[60,122107,124],{"class":74},[60,122109,89912],{"class":120},[60,122111,133],{"class":74},[20,122113,122114],{},[41,122115,404],{},[51,122117,122119],{"className":53,"code":122118,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122120,122121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122122,122123,122126,122128,122130,122133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122124,122125],{"class":66},"Maya ",[60,122127,12088],{"class":70},[60,122129,9213],{"class":357},[60,122131,122132],{"class":66}," years old",[60,122134,122135],{"class":74},".\n",[20,122137,122138,122139,117],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[30,122140,89581],{"href":89580},[46,122142,122144,474,122146],{"id":122143},"str-vs-print",[15,122145,47568],{},[15,122147,46336],{},[20,122149,122150],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[260,122152,122153,122158],{},[263,122154,122155,122157],{},[15,122156,47568],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[263,122159,122160,122162],{},[15,122161,46336],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122164,2127],{},[51,122166,122168],{"className":53,"code":122167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122169,122170,122178,122182,122196,122206,122220],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122171,122172,122174,122176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122173,1700],{"class":66},[60,122175,71],{"class":70},[60,122177,2686],{"class":357},[60,122179,122180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122181,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122183,122184,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122185,34573],{"class":66},[60,122187,71],{"class":70},[60,122189,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122191,124],{"class":74},[60,122193,315],{"class":120},[60,122195,133],{"class":74},[60,122197,122198,122200,122202,122204],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122199,140],{"class":139},[60,122201,124],{"class":74},[60,122203,34594],{"class":120},[60,122205,133],{"class":74},[60,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,122209,140],{"class":139},[60,122211,124],{"class":74},[60,122213,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122215,124],{"class":74},[60,122217,34594],{"class":120},[60,122219,1691],{"class":74},[60,122221,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,122223,140],{"class":139},[60,122225,124],{"class":74},[60,122227,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122229,124],{"class":74},[60,122231,315],{"class":120},[60,122233,1691],{"class":74},[20,122235,122236],{},[41,122237,404],{},[51,122239,122241],{"className":53,"code":122240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122242,122243,122247,122261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122244,122245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122246,46496],{"class":357},[60,122248,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257,122259],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122250,3205],{"class":70},[60,122252,3208],{"class":1984},[60,122254,214],{"class":78},[60,122256,3358],{"class":82},[60,122258,205],{"class":78},[60,122260,3217],{"class":70},[60,122262,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122264,3205],{"class":70},[60,122266,3208],{"class":1984},[60,122268,214],{"class":78},[60,122270,2108],{"class":82},[60,122272,205],{"class":78},[60,122274,3217],{"class":70},[20,122276,122277],{},"Notice:",[260,122279,122280,122286,122291],{},[263,122281,122282,122285],{},[15,122283,122284],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[263,122287,122288,122290],{},[15,122289,46336],{}," only displayed values",[263,122292,122293,122295,122296,122298,122299,61188,122301],{},[15,122294,46336],{}," did not change ",[15,122297,315],{}," from ",[15,122300,2108],{},[15,122302,3358],{},[20,122304,122305,122306,117],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[30,122307,122308,2222],{"href":46333},[15,122309,46336],{},[46,122311,122313,474,122315,122318],{"id":122312},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122314,47568],{},[15,122316,122317],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122320,122321],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[260,122323,122324,122329],{},[263,122325,122326,122328],{},[15,122327,47568],{}," is the more readable text version",[263,122330,122331,122333],{},[15,122332,122317],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122335,122336,122337,122339],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122338,47568],{}," much more often.",[20,122341,122342,122343,122345],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122344,47568],{}," is usually the right choice.",[46,122347,4430],{"id":4429},[337,122349,25660,122351,122353],{"id":122350},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122352,47568],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122355,122356,122358],{},[15,122357,47568],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[51,122360,122362],{"className":53,"code":122361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122363,122364,122372,122386,122390,122400,122414,122424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122365,122366,122368,122370],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122367,21517],{"class":66},[60,122369,71],{"class":70},[60,122371,45111],{"class":357},[60,122373,122374,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122375,34573],{"class":66},[60,122377,71],{"class":70},[60,122379,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122381,124],{"class":74},[60,122383,9206],{"class":120},[60,122385,133],{"class":74},[60,122387,122388],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122389,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122391,122392,122394,122396,122398],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122393,140],{"class":139},[60,122395,124],{"class":74},[60,122397,9206],{"class":120},[60,122399,133],{"class":74},[60,122401,122402,122404,122406,122408,122410,122412],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,122403,140],{"class":139},[60,122405,124],{"class":74},[60,122407,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122409,124],{"class":74},[60,122411,9206],{"class":120},[60,122413,1691],{"class":74},[60,122415,122416,122418,122420,122422],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,122417,140],{"class":139},[60,122419,124],{"class":74},[60,122421,34594],{"class":120},[60,122423,133],{"class":74},[60,122425,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,122427,140],{"class":139},[60,122429,124],{"class":74},[60,122431,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122433,124],{"class":74},[60,122435,34594],{"class":120},[60,122437,1691],{"class":74},[20,122439,122440],{},[41,122441,404],{},[51,122443,122445],{"className":53,"code":122444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122446,122447,122451,122465,122469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122448,122449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122450,2626],{"class":357},[60,122452,122453,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122454,3205],{"class":70},[60,122456,3208],{"class":1984},[60,122458,214],{"class":78},[60,122460,2108],{"class":82},[60,122462,205],{"class":78},[60,122464,3217],{"class":70},[60,122466,122467],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122468,2626],{"class":357},[60,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122472,3205],{"class":70},[60,122474,3208],{"class":1984},[60,122476,214],{"class":78},[60,122478,3358],{"class":82},[60,122480,205],{"class":78},[60,122482,3217],{"class":70},[337,122484,122486],{"id":122485},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122488,6599],{},[51,122490,122492],{"className":53,"code":122491,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122493,122494,122502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122495,122496,122498,122500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122497,21517],{"class":66},[60,122499,71],{"class":70},[60,122501,45111],{"class":357},[60,122503,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122505,34573],{"class":66},[60,122507,71],{"class":70},[60,122509,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122511,124],{"class":74},[60,122513,9206],{"class":120},[60,122515,133],{"class":74},[20,122517,122518],{},"But if you only do this:",[51,122520,122522],{"className":53,"code":122521,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122523,122524,122532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122525,122526,122528,122530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122527,21517],{"class":66},[60,122529,71],{"class":70},[60,122531,45111],{"class":357},[60,122533,122534,122536,122538,122540],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122535,3358],{"class":1683},[60,122537,124],{"class":74},[60,122539,9206],{"class":120},[60,122541,133],{"class":74},[20,122543,122544],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[337,122546,8331,122548,122550],{"id":122547},"using-str-too-early",[15,122549,47568],{}," too early",[20,122552,122553],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[51,122555,122557],{"className":53,"code":122556,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122558,122559,122567,122582,122586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122560,122561,122563,122565],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122562,40271],{"class":66},[60,122564,71],{"class":70},[60,122566,2504],{"class":357},[60,122568,122569,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122570,122571],{"class":66},"text_price ",[60,122573,71],{"class":70},[60,122575,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122577,124],{"class":74},[60,122579,25036],{"class":120},[60,122581,133],{"class":74},[60,122583,122584],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122585,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122587,122588],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122589,122590],{"class":177},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122592,122593,122594,288,122598,122602],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[30,122595,122596],{"href":2790},[15,122597,2793],{},[30,122599,122600],{"href":2796},[15,122601,2799],{},", depending on the situation.",[337,122604,1254,122606,122609],{"id":122605},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122607,122608],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122611,64531],{},[51,122613,122615],{"className":53,"code":122614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122616,122617,122649],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122618,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122620,486],{"class":66},[60,122622,71],{"class":70},[60,122624,1512],{"class":74},[60,122626,79],{"class":78},[60,122628,495],{"class":82},[60,122630,79],{"class":78},[60,122632,88],{"class":74},[60,122634,91],{"class":78},[60,122636,504],{"class":82},[60,122638,79],{"class":78},[60,122640,88],{"class":74},[60,122642,91],{"class":78},[60,122644,528],{"class":82},[60,122646,79],{"class":78},[60,122648,1525],{"class":74},[60,122650,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122652,140],{"class":139},[60,122654,124],{"class":74},[60,122656,3358],{"class":1683},[60,122658,124],{"class":74},[60,122660,517],{"class":120},[60,122662,1691],{"class":74},[20,122664,122665],{},"prints:",[51,122667,122668],{"className":53,"code":72724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,122669,122670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122671,122672,122674,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690,122692,122694,122696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122673,3812],{"class":74},[60,122675,205],{"class":78},[60,122677,495],{"class":82},[60,122679,205],{"class":78},[60,122681,88],{"class":74},[60,122683,214],{"class":78},[60,122685,504],{"class":82},[60,122687,205],{"class":78},[60,122689,88],{"class":74},[60,122691,214],{"class":78},[60,122693,528],{"class":82},[60,122695,205],{"class":78},[60,122697,1525],{"class":74},[20,122699,122700],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[46,122702,17310],{"id":17309},[20,122704,122705,21864,122707,117],{},[15,122706,47568],{},[41,122708,122709],{},"new string",[20,122711,11358],{},[260,122713,122714,122717,122720],{},[263,122715,122716],{},"It always returns a string",[263,122718,122719],{},"It does not modify the original object",[263,122721,7675,122722,122726],{},[30,122723,122724],{"href":2218},[15,122725,2221],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122728,2127],{},[51,122730,122732],{"className":53,"code":122731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122733,122734,122742,122757,122761,122772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122735,122736,122738,122740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122737,1700],{"class":66},[60,122739,71],{"class":70},[60,122741,14021],{"class":357},[60,122743,122744,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122745,122746],{"class":66},"converted ",[60,122748,71],{"class":70},[60,122750,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122752,124],{"class":74},[60,122754,315],{"class":120},[60,122756,133],{"class":74},[60,122758,122759],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122760,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122762,122763,122765,122767,122770],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122764,140],{"class":139},[60,122766,124],{"class":74},[60,122768,122769],{"class":120},"converted",[60,122771,133],{"class":74},[60,122773,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,122775,140],{"class":139},[60,122777,124],{"class":74},[60,122779,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122781,124],{"class":74},[60,122783,122769],{"class":120},[60,122785,1691],{"class":74},[20,122787,122788],{},[41,122789,404],{},[51,122791,122793],{"className":53,"code":122792,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122794,122795,122800],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122796,122797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122798,122799],{"class":357},"99\n",[60,122801,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122803,3205],{"class":70},[60,122805,3208],{"class":1984},[60,122807,214],{"class":78},[60,122809,3358],{"class":82},[60,122811,205],{"class":78},[60,122813,3217],{"class":70},[46,122815,113475],{"id":113474},[20,122817,122818,122819,74703],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122820,47568],{},[260,122822,122823,122826,122829,122834],{},[263,122824,122825],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[263,122827,122828],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[263,122830,8331,122831,122833],{},[15,122832,47568],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[263,122835,122836],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122838,122839,122840,117],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[30,122841,25565,122842],{"href":90293},[15,122843,90294],{},[46,122845,122847],{"id":122846},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122849,122850],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[51,122852,122854],{"className":53,"code":122853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122855,122856,122864,122868,122878,122892,122896,122910,122920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122857,122858,122860,122862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122859,1700],{"class":66},[60,122861,71],{"class":70},[60,122863,45111],{"class":357},[60,122865,122866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122867,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122869,122870,122872,122874,122876],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,122871,140],{"class":139},[60,122873,124],{"class":74},[60,122875,315],{"class":120},[60,122877,133],{"class":74},[60,122879,122880,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,122881,140],{"class":139},[60,122883,124],{"class":74},[60,122885,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122887,124],{"class":74},[60,122889,315],{"class":120},[60,122891,1691],{"class":74},[60,122893,122894],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,122895,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,122897,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,122899,122746],{"class":66},[60,122901,71],{"class":70},[60,122903,48789],{"class":1683},[60,122905,124],{"class":74},[60,122907,315],{"class":120},[60,122909,133],{"class":74},[60,122911,122912,122914,122916,122918],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,122913,140],{"class":139},[60,122915,124],{"class":74},[60,122917,122769],{"class":120},[60,122919,133],{"class":74},[60,122921,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,122923,140],{"class":139},[60,122925,124],{"class":74},[60,122927,1684],{"class":1683},[60,122929,124],{"class":74},[60,122931,122769],{"class":120},[60,122933,1691],{"class":74},[20,122935,122936,122937,36,122939,122941,122942,117],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122938,2108],{},[15,122940,2111],{},", or another type into ",[15,122943,3358],{},[46,122945,1746],{"id":1745},[337,122947,1760,122949,5055],{"id":122948},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122950,47568],{},[20,122952,122953],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[337,122955,12599,122957,122959],{"id":122956},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122958,47568],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122961,122962],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[337,122964,5079,122966,122968],{"id":122965},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122967,47568],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122970,122971],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[337,122973,94479,122975,122977],{"id":122974},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122976,47568],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122979,122980],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[337,122982,14794,122984,57091,122986,1779],{"id":122983},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122985,47568],{},[15,122987,46336],{},[20,122989,1801,122990,122992,122993,122995],{},[15,122991,47568],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122994,46336],{}," shows output.",[46,122997,1808],{"id":1807},[260,122999,123000,123006,123012,123018,123024,123033,123037],{},[263,123001,123002],{},[30,123003,123004,3424],{"href":46333},[15,123005,46336],{},[263,123007,123008],{},[30,123009,123010,3424],{"href":2218},[15,123011,2221],{},[263,123013,123014],{},[30,123015,123016,3424],{"href":2790},[15,123017,2793],{},[263,123019,123020],{},[30,123021,123022,3424],{"href":2796},[15,123023,2799],{},[263,123025,123026],{},[30,123027,123029,123030,123032],{"href":123028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123031,2108],{}," to string in Python",[263,123034,123035],{},[30,123036,90571],{"href":89580},[263,123038,123039],{},[30,123040,30232,123041],{"href":90293},[15,123042,90294],{},[1841,123044,123045],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":123047},[123048,123049,123051,123052,123058,123060,123062,123064,123073,123074,123075,123076,123088],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":121466,"depth":111,"text":123050},"What str() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":121633,"depth":111,"text":121634,"children":123053},[123054,123055,123056,123057],{"id":121637,"depth":136,"text":121638},{"id":121723,"depth":136,"text":121724},{"id":121810,"depth":136,"text":121811},{"id":121896,"depth":136,"text":121897},{"id":122012,"depth":111,"text":123059},"When to use str()",{"id":122143,"depth":111,"text":123061},"str() vs print()",{"id":122312,"depth":111,"text":123063},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":123065},[123066,123068,123069,123071],{"id":122350,"depth":136,"text":123067},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122485,"depth":136,"text":122486},{"id":122547,"depth":136,"text":123070},"Using str() too early",{"id":122605,"depth":136,"text":123072},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":113474,"depth":111,"text":113475},{"id":122846,"depth":111,"text":122847},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":123077},[123078,123080,123082,123084,123086],{"id":122948,"depth":136,"text":123079},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122956,"depth":136,"text":123081},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122965,"depth":136,"text":123083},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122974,"depth":136,"text":123085},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122983,"depth":136,"text":123087},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42060,"description":123089},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123096,"title":123097,"body":123098,"description":124551,"extension":1883,"meta":124552,"navigation":152,"path":124553,"seo":124554,"stem":124555,"__hash__":124556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123099,"toc":124513},[123100,123106,123112,123115,123137,123139,123201,123203,123216,123222,123227,123232,123234,123247,123258,123260,123287,123289,123306,123313,123324,123326,123331,123333,123345,123353,123362,123364,123367,123420,123422,123430,123438,123442,123447,123487,123489,123497,123500,123502,123542,123544,123552,123562,123568,123571,123644,123646,123659,123663,123668,123696,123699,123734,123736,123744,123747,123751,123755,123757,123773,123775,123815,123817,123825,123834,123877,123879,123887,123889,123893,123899,123902,123942,123944,123952,123957,123960,124003,124007,124010,124045,124050,124052,124091,124101,124109,124119,124127,124131,124136,124138,124179,124181,124189,124194,124197,124200,124218,124224,124228,124233,124236,124276,124278,124283,124382,124385,124401,124403,124422,124424,124431,124434,124440,124443,124449,124453,124459,124462,124468,124471,124473,124510],[10,123101,123103,123104,18],{"id":123102},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123105,57176],{},[20,123107,123108,123109,123111],{},"The Python string ",[15,123110,57176],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123113,123114],{},"This reference page explains:",[260,123116,123117,123121,123124,123126,123134],{},[263,123118,25905,123119,253],{},[15,123120,57176],{},[263,123122,123123],{},"its syntax",[263,123125,35280],{},[263,123127,123128,123129,1776,123131,123133],{},"how ",[15,123130,35959],{},[15,123132,52547],{}," work",[263,123135,123136],{},"common beginner mistakes",[46,123138,49],{"id":48},[51,123140,123142],{"className":53,"code":123141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123143,123144,123156,123178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123145,123146,123148,123150,123152,123154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123147,34573],{"class":66},[60,123149,71],{"class":70},[60,123151,91],{"class":78},[60,123153,504],{"class":82},[60,123155,3273],{"class":78},[60,123157,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123159,140],{"class":139},[60,123161,124],{"class":74},[60,123163,34594],{"class":120},[60,123165,117],{"class":74},[60,123167,41144],{"class":120},[60,123169,124],{"class":74},[60,123171,79],{"class":78},[60,123173,30],{"class":82},[60,123175,79],{"class":78},[60,123177,1691],{"class":74},[60,123179,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190,123192,123194,123197,123199],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,123181,140],{"class":139},[60,123183,124],{"class":74},[60,123185,34594],{"class":120},[60,123187,117],{"class":74},[60,123189,41144],{"class":120},[60,123191,124],{"class":74},[60,123193,79],{"class":78},[60,123195,123196],{"class":82},"na",[60,123198,79],{"class":78},[60,123200,1691],{"class":74},[20,123202,404],{},[51,123204,123206],{"className":53,"code":123205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\n",[15,123207,123208,123212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123209,123210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123211,46501],{"class":357},[60,123213,123214],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123215,16947],{"class":357},[20,123217,243,123218,123221],{},[15,123219,123220],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[46,123223,12890,123225,12893],{"id":123224},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123226,57176],{},[20,123228,123229,123231],{},[15,123230,57176],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123233,12946],{},[260,123235,123236,123239,123242,123244],{},[263,123237,123238],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[263,123240,123241],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[263,123243,43543],{},[263,123245,123246],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123248,123249,123250,123252,123253,36,123255,123257],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123251,17986],{}," characters are in ",[15,123254,65162],{},[15,123256,57176],{}," is a simple choice.",[46,123259,296],{"id":295},[51,123261,123263],{"className":53,"code":123262,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123264,123265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123266,123267,123269,123271,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281,123283,123285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123268,61061],{"class":66},[60,123270,117],{"class":74},[60,123272,41144],{"class":120},[60,123274,124],{"class":74},[60,123276,315],{"class":120},[60,123278,88],{"class":74},[60,123280,35938],{"class":120},[60,123282,88],{"class":74},[60,123284,64928],{"class":120},[60,123286,133],{"class":74},[337,123288,17286],{"id":17285},[260,123290,123291,123296,123301],{},[263,123292,123293,123295],{},[15,123294,315],{},": the text to search for",[263,123297,123298,123300],{},[15,123299,35959],{},": optional; where counting begins",[263,123302,123303,123305],{},[15,123304,52547],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123307,123308,1776,123310,123312],{},[15,123309,35959],{},[15,123311,52547],{}," work like slice positions:",[260,123314,123315,123320],{},[263,123316,123317,123319],{},[15,123318,35959],{}," is included",[263,123321,123322,75629],{},[15,123323,52547],{},[46,123325,17310],{"id":17309},[20,123327,123328,123330],{},[15,123329,57176],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123332,2045],{},[260,123334,123335,123340],{},[263,123336,123337,123338],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123339,389],{},[263,123341,123342,123343],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123344,2039],{},[20,123346,40790,123347,5070,123349,288,123351,117],{},[41,123348,43],{},[15,123350,3520],{},[15,123352,3588],{},[20,123354,123355,123356,123361],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[30,123357,123359,101479],{"href":123358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123360,1703],{}," is often a better fit.",[46,123363,839],{"id":838},[20,123365,123366],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[51,123368,123370],{"className":53,"code":123369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123371,123372,123384,123406,123410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123373,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123375,34573],{"class":66},[60,123377,71],{"class":70},[60,123379,91],{"class":78},[60,123381,495],{"class":82},[60,123383,3273],{"class":78},[60,123385,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123387,688],{"class":66},[60,123389,71],{"class":70},[60,123391,42726],{"class":66},[60,123393,117],{"class":74},[60,123395,41144],{"class":120},[60,123397,124],{"class":74},[60,123399,79],{"class":78},[60,123401,20],{"class":82},[60,123403,79],{"class":78},[60,123405,133],{"class":74},[60,123407,123408],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,123409,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,123411,123412,123414,123416,123418],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,123413,140],{"class":139},[60,123415,124],{"class":74},[60,123417,720],{"class":120},[60,123419,133],{"class":74},[20,123421,404],{},[51,123423,123424],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123425,123426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123427,123428],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123429,16947],{"class":357},[20,123431,63707,123432,123435,123436,117],{},[15,123433,123434],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123437,57719],{},[46,123439,123441],{"id":123440},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123443,123444,123446],{},[15,123445,57176],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[51,123448,123450],{"className":53,"code":123449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123451,123452,123465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123453,123454,123456,123458,123460,123463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123455,34573],{"class":66},[60,123457,71],{"class":70},[60,123459,91],{"class":78},[60,123461,123462],{"class":82},"cat dog cat bird cat",[60,123464,3273],{"class":78},[60,123466,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123468,140],{"class":139},[60,123470,124],{"class":74},[60,123472,34594],{"class":120},[60,123474,117],{"class":74},[60,123476,41144],{"class":120},[60,123478,124],{"class":74},[60,123480,79],{"class":78},[60,123482,36931],{"class":82},[60,123484,79],{"class":78},[60,123486,1691],{"class":74},[20,123488,404],{},[51,123490,123491],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123492,123493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123494,123495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123496,46501],{"class":357},[20,123498,123499],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123501,2127],{},[51,123503,123505],{"className":53,"code":123504,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123506,123507,123520],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123508,123509,123511,123513,123515,123518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123510,34573],{"class":66},[60,123512,71],{"class":70},[60,123514,91],{"class":78},[60,123516,123517],{"class":82},"one One one",[60,123519,3273],{"class":78},[60,123521,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123523,140],{"class":139},[60,123525,124],{"class":74},[60,123527,34594],{"class":120},[60,123529,117],{"class":74},[60,123531,41144],{"class":120},[60,123533,124],{"class":74},[60,123535,79],{"class":78},[60,123537,6496],{"class":82},[60,123539,79],{"class":78},[60,123541,1691],{"class":74},[20,123543,404],{},[51,123545,123546],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123547,123548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123549,123550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123551,16947],{"class":357},[20,123553,123554,123555,123558,123559,123561],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123556,123557],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123560,57176],{}," is case-sensitive.",[46,123563,8331,123564,1776,123566],{"id":65294},[15,123565,35959],{},[15,123567,52547],{},[20,123569,123570],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[51,123572,123574],{"className":53,"code":123573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123575,123576,123588,123614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123577,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123579,34573],{"class":66},[60,123581,71],{"class":70},[60,123583,91],{"class":78},[60,123585,504],{"class":82},[60,123587,3273],{"class":78},[60,123589,123590,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123591,140],{"class":139},[60,123593,124],{"class":74},[60,123595,34594],{"class":120},[60,123597,117],{"class":74},[60,123599,41144],{"class":120},[60,123601,124],{"class":74},[60,123603,79],{"class":78},[60,123605,30],{"class":82},[60,123607,79],{"class":78},[60,123609,88],{"class":74},[60,123611,363],{"class":357},[60,123613,1691],{"class":74},[60,123615,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,123617,140],{"class":139},[60,123619,124],{"class":74},[60,123621,34594],{"class":120},[60,123623,117],{"class":74},[60,123625,41144],{"class":120},[60,123627,124],{"class":74},[60,123629,79],{"class":78},[60,123631,30],{"class":82},[60,123633,79],{"class":78},[60,123635,88],{"class":74},[60,123637,363],{"class":357},[60,123639,88],{"class":74},[60,123641,4516],{"class":357},[60,123643,1691],{"class":74},[20,123645,404],{},[51,123647,123649],{"className":53,"code":123648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n1\n",[15,123650,123651,123655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123652,123653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123654,16947],{"class":357},[60,123656,123657],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123658,46801],{"class":357},[337,123660,123662],{"id":123661},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123664,123665,123666,258],{},"In ",[15,123667,65162],{},[260,123669,123670,123678,123686],{},[263,123671,70853,123672,123674,123675],{},[15,123673,1303],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123676,123677],{},"\"n\"",[263,123679,123680,123683,123684,75927],{},[15,123681,123682],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123685,1303],{},[263,123687,123688,123683,123691,123693,123694],{},[15,123689,123690],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123692,1303],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123695,2056],{},[20,123697,123698],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[51,123700,123702],{"className":53,"code":123701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123703,123704,123716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123705,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123707,34573],{"class":66},[60,123709,71],{"class":70},[60,123711,91],{"class":78},[60,123713,504],{"class":82},[60,123715,3273],{"class":78},[60,123717,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123719,140],{"class":139},[60,123721,124],{"class":74},[60,123723,34594],{"class":120},[60,123725,3812],{"class":74},[60,123727,1303],{"class":357},[60,123729,258],{"class":74},[60,123731,2056],{"class":357},[60,123733,1646],{"class":74},[20,123735,404],{},[51,123737,123738],{"className":53,"code":41353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123739,123740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123741,123742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123743,41353],{"class":66},[20,123745,123746],{},"Only that section is searched.",[46,123748,123750],{"id":123749},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123752,123753,123561],{},[15,123754,57176],{},[20,123756,2026],{},[260,123758,123759,123767],{},[263,123760,123761,1776,123763,123766],{},[15,123762,17986],{},[15,123764,123765],{},"\"A\""," are different",[263,123768,123769,1776,123771,123766],{},[15,123770,64422],{},[15,123772,90306],{},[20,123774,2127],{},[51,123776,123778],{"className":53,"code":123777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123779,123780,123793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123781,123782,123784,123786,123788,123791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123783,34573],{"class":66},[60,123785,71],{"class":70},[60,123787,91],{"class":78},[60,123789,123790],{"class":82},"Apple apple APPLE",[60,123792,3273],{"class":78},[60,123794,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123796,140],{"class":139},[60,123798,124],{"class":74},[60,123800,34594],{"class":120},[60,123802,117],{"class":74},[60,123804,41144],{"class":120},[60,123806,124],{"class":74},[60,123808,79],{"class":78},[60,123810,495],{"class":82},[60,123812,79],{"class":78},[60,123814,1691],{"class":74},[20,123816,404],{},[51,123818,123819],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123820,123821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123822,123823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123824,46801],{"class":357},[20,123826,123827,123828,258],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[30,123829,123831],{"href":123830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123832,123833],{},"lower()",[51,123835,123837],{"className":53,"code":123836,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123838,123839,123851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123840,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123842,34573],{"class":66},[60,123844,71],{"class":70},[60,123846,91],{"class":78},[60,123848,123790],{"class":82},[60,123850,3273],{"class":78},[60,123852,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123854,140],{"class":139},[60,123856,124],{"class":74},[60,123858,34594],{"class":120},[60,123860,117],{"class":74},[60,123862,8552],{"class":120},[60,123864,8549],{"class":74},[60,123866,41144],{"class":120},[60,123868,124],{"class":74},[60,123870,79],{"class":78},[60,123872,495],{"class":82},[60,123874,79],{"class":78},[60,123876,1691],{"class":74},[20,123878,404],{},[51,123880,123881],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123882,123883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123884,123885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123886,46501],{"class":357},[46,123888,1245],{"id":1244},[20,123890,22981,123891,117],{},[15,123892,57176],{},[337,123894,1254,123896,123898],{"id":123895},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123897,57176],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123900,123901],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[51,123903,123905],{"className":53,"code":123904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123906,123907,123920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123908,123909,123911,123913,123915,123918],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123910,34573],{"class":66},[60,123912,71],{"class":70},[60,123914,91],{"class":78},[60,123916,123917],{"class":82},"Aardvark",[60,123919,3273],{"class":78},[60,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123923,140],{"class":139},[60,123925,124],{"class":74},[60,123927,34594],{"class":120},[60,123929,117],{"class":74},[60,123931,41144],{"class":120},[60,123933,124],{"class":74},[60,123935,79],{"class":78},[60,123937,30],{"class":82},[60,123939,79],{"class":78},[60,123941,1691],{"class":74},[20,123943,404],{},[51,123945,123946],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123947,123948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123949,123950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123951,16947],{"class":357},[20,123953,123554,123954,123956],{},[15,123955,123765],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123958,123959],{},"If needed, convert first:",[51,123961,123963],{"className":53,"code":123962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123964,123965,123977],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123966,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123968,34573],{"class":66},[60,123970,71],{"class":70},[60,123972,91],{"class":78},[60,123974,123917],{"class":82},[60,123976,3273],{"class":78},[60,123978,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123980,140],{"class":139},[60,123982,124],{"class":74},[60,123984,34594],{"class":120},[60,123986,117],{"class":74},[60,123988,8552],{"class":120},[60,123990,8549],{"class":74},[60,123992,41144],{"class":120},[60,123994,124],{"class":74},[60,123996,79],{"class":78},[60,123998,30],{"class":82},[60,124000,79],{"class":78},[60,124002,1691],{"class":74},[337,124004,124006],{"id":124005},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124008,124009],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[51,124011,124013],{"className":53,"code":124012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124014,124015,124027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124016,124017,124019,124021,124023,124025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124018,34573],{"class":66},[60,124020,71],{"class":70},[60,124022,91],{"class":78},[60,124024,504],{"class":82},[60,124026,3273],{"class":78},[60,124028,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124030,140],{"class":139},[60,124032,124],{"class":74},[60,124034,34594],{"class":120},[60,124036,117],{"class":74},[60,124038,41144],{"class":120},[60,124040,124],{"class":74},[60,124042,30],{"class":120},[60,124044,1691],{"class":74},[20,124046,124047,124048,117],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124049,30],{},[20,124051,10711],{},[51,124053,124055],{"className":53,"code":124054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124056,124057,124069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124058,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124060,34573],{"class":66},[60,124062,71],{"class":70},[60,124064,91],{"class":78},[60,124066,504],{"class":82},[60,124068,3273],{"class":78},[60,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124072,140],{"class":139},[60,124074,124],{"class":74},[60,124076,34594],{"class":120},[60,124078,117],{"class":74},[60,124080,41144],{"class":120},[60,124082,124],{"class":74},[60,124084,79],{"class":78},[60,124086,30],{"class":82},[60,124088,79],{"class":78},[60,124090,1691],{"class":74},[337,124092,1391,124094,1394,124096,288,124099],{"id":124093},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124095,57176],{},[15,124097,124098],{},"find()",[15,124100,58854],{},[20,124102,243,124103,124105,124106,117],{},[15,124104,57176],{}," when you need the ",[41,124107,124108],{},"number of matches",[20,124110,243,124111,124105,124116,124118],{},[30,124112,124114],{"href":124113},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124115,124098],{},[41,124117,64834],{}," of the first match.",[20,124120,243,124121,124126],{},[30,124122,124124],{"href":124123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124125,58854],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[337,124128,124130],{"id":124129},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124132,124133,124135],{},[15,124134,57176],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124137,2127],{},[51,124139,124141],{"className":53,"code":124140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124142,124143,124156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124144,124145,124147,124149,124151,124154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124146,34573],{"class":66},[60,124148,71],{"class":70},[60,124150,91],{"class":78},[60,124152,124153],{"class":82},"aaaa",[60,124155,3273],{"class":78},[60,124157,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124175,124177],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124159,140],{"class":139},[60,124161,124],{"class":74},[60,124163,34594],{"class":120},[60,124165,117],{"class":74},[60,124167,41144],{"class":120},[60,124169,124],{"class":74},[60,124171,79],{"class":78},[60,124173,124174],{"class":82},"aa",[60,124176,79],{"class":78},[60,124178,1691],{"class":74},[20,124180,404],{},[51,124182,124183],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124184,124185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124186,124187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124188,16947],{"class":357},[20,124190,124191,124192,117],{},"It does not return ",[15,124193,389],{},[20,124195,124196],{},"Why not?",[20,124198,124199],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[260,124201,124202,124211],{},[263,124203,124204,124207,124208],{},[15,124205,124206],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124209,124210],{},"0-1",[263,124212,124213,124207,124215],{},[15,124214,124206],{},[15,124216,124217],{},"2-3",[20,124219,124220,124221,117],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124222,124223],{},"1-2",[46,124225,1220,124226],{"id":58259},[15,124227,57176],{},[20,124229,243,124230,124232],{},[15,124231,57176],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124234,124235],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[260,124237,124238,124247,124257,124267],{},[263,124239,243,124240,124242,124243,124246],{},[15,124241,57176],{}," when you need ",[41,124244,124245],{},"how many times"," something appears",[263,124248,243,124249,124242,124253,124256],{},[30,124250,124251],{"href":124113},[15,124252,124098],{},[41,124254,124255],{},"where"," it appears",[263,124258,47695,124259,124263,124264],{},[30,124260,124261,101479],{"href":123358},[15,124262,1703],{}," when you only need to know ",[41,124265,124266],{},"if it exists",[263,124268,243,124269,124275],{},[30,124270,124272],{"href":124271},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124273,124274],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[46,124277,25828],{"id":25827},[20,124279,1656,124280,124282],{},[15,124281,57176],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[51,124284,124286],{"className":53,"code":124285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124287,124288,124298,124312,124334,124360],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124289,124290,124292,124294,124296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124291,140],{"class":139},[60,124293,124],{"class":74},[60,124295,34594],{"class":120},[60,124297,133],{"class":74},[60,124299,124300,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124301,140],{"class":139},[60,124303,124],{"class":74},[60,124305,1684],{"class":1683},[60,124307,124],{"class":74},[60,124309,34594],{"class":120},[60,124311,1691],{"class":74},[60,124313,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,124315,140],{"class":139},[60,124317,124],{"class":74},[60,124319,34594],{"class":120},[60,124321,117],{"class":74},[60,124323,41144],{"class":120},[60,124325,124],{"class":74},[60,124327,79],{"class":78},[60,124329,30],{"class":82},[60,124331,79],{"class":78},[60,124333,1691],{"class":74},[60,124335,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,124337,140],{"class":139},[60,124339,124],{"class":74},[60,124341,34594],{"class":120},[60,124343,117],{"class":74},[60,124345,8552],{"class":120},[60,124347,8549],{"class":74},[60,124349,41144],{"class":120},[60,124351,124],{"class":74},[60,124353,79],{"class":78},[60,124355,30],{"class":82},[60,124357,79],{"class":78},[60,124359,1691],{"class":74},[60,124361,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378,124380],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,124363,140],{"class":139},[60,124365,124],{"class":74},[60,124367,34594],{"class":120},[60,124369,117],{"class":74},[60,124371,41144],{"class":120},[60,124373,124],{"class":74},[60,124375,79],{"class":78},[60,124377,123196],{"class":82},[60,124379,79],{"class":78},[60,124381,1691],{"class":74},[20,124383,124384],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[260,124386,124387,124390,124395,124398],{},[263,124388,124389],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[263,124391,124392,124394],{},[15,124393,34594],{}," not being a string",[263,124396,124397],{},"counting the wrong substring",[263,124399,124400],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124402,58748],{},[260,124404,124405,124408,124411,124414],{},[263,124406,124407],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[263,124409,124410],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[263,124412,124413],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[263,124415,50377,124416,44515,124418,288,124420,73199],{},[15,124417,57176],{},[15,124419,124098],{},[15,124421,1703],{},[46,124423,1746],{"id":1745},[337,124425,124427,124428,124430],{"id":124426},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124429,57176],{}," change the original string?",[20,124432,124433],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[337,124435,14794,124437,124439],{"id":124436},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124438,57176],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124441,124442],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[337,124444,1760,124446,124448],{"id":124445},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124447,57176],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124450,1766,124451,117],{},[15,124452,2039],{},[337,124454,5079,124456,124458],{"id":124455},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124457,57176],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124460,124461],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[337,124463,12599,124465,124467],{"id":124464},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124466,57176],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124469,124470],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[46,124472,1808],{"id":1807},[260,124474,124475,124482,124489,124496,124503],{},[263,124476,124477],{},[30,124478,124479],{"href":124113},[15,124480,124481],{},"Python string find() method",[263,124483,124484],{},[30,124485,124486],{"href":124123},[15,124487,124488],{},"Python string index() method",[263,124490,124491],{},[30,124492,124493],{"href":123830},[15,124494,124495],{},"Python string lower() method",[263,124497,124498],{},[30,124499,124500],{"href":123358},[15,124501,124502],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[263,124504,124505],{},[30,124506,124507],{"href":124271},[15,124508,124509],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1841,124511,124512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":124514},[124515,124516,124518,124521,124522,124523,124524,124527,124528,124536,124537,124538,124550],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":123224,"depth":111,"text":124517},"What the count() method does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":124519},[124520],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":123440,"depth":111,"text":123441},{"id":65294,"depth":111,"text":66077,"children":124525},[124526],{"id":123661,"depth":136,"text":123662},{"id":123749,"depth":111,"text":123750},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":124529},[124530,124532,124533,124535],{"id":123895,"depth":136,"text":124531},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124005,"depth":136,"text":124006},{"id":124093,"depth":136,"text":124534},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124129,"depth":136,"text":124130},{"id":58259,"depth":111,"text":58890},{"id":25827,"depth":111,"text":25828},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":124539},[124540,124542,124544,124546,124548],{"id":124426,"depth":136,"text":124541},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124436,"depth":136,"text":124543},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124445,"depth":136,"text":124545},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124455,"depth":136,"text":124547},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124464,"depth":136,"text":124549},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123097,"description":124551},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124558,"title":124559,"body":124560,"description":126145,"extension":1883,"meta":126146,"navigation":152,"path":126147,"seo":126148,"stem":126149,"__hash__":126150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124561,"toc":126118},[124562,124565,124568,124665,124674,124676,124695,124699,124702,124705,124718,124721,124750,124755,124760,124818,124820,124853,124859,124863,124866,124869,124898,124901,124928,124931,124934,124938,124941,124948,125011,125013,125031,125034,125038,125041,125044,125086,125089,125133,125136,125139,125143,125148,125151,125194,125196,125219,125222,125255,125258,125307,125317,125321,125324,125327,125356,125359,125370,125372,125431,125434,125438,125441,125444,125459,125468,125471,125505,125508,125535,125538,125545,125547,125550,125552,125555,125569,125578,125580,125607,125611,125614,125628,125631,125690,125694,125697,125724,125727,125754,125762,125765,125825,125827,125860,125864,125867,125886,125891,125940,125945,125947,125950,126009,126027,126029,126033,126041,126045,126048,126052,126058,126062,126072,126076,126079,126081,126115],[10,124563,124559],{"id":124564},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124566,124567],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[51,124569,124571],{"className":53,"code":124570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124572,124573,124585,124597,124606,124620,124624,124634,124644,124655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124574,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124576,7788],{"class":66},[60,124578,71],{"class":70},[60,124580,91],{"class":78},[60,124582,4914],{"class":82},[60,124584,3273],{"class":78},[60,124586,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124588,89895],{"class":66},[60,124590,71],{"class":70},[60,124592,214],{"class":78},[60,124594,34752],{"class":82},[60,124596,29585],{"class":78},[60,124598,124599,124602,124604],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,124600,124601],{"class":66},"empty ",[60,124603,71],{"class":70},[60,124605,7793],{"class":78},[60,124607,124608,124610,124612,124614,124616,124618],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,124609,34573],{"class":66},[60,124611,71],{"class":70},[60,124613,48789],{"class":1683},[60,124615,124],{"class":74},[60,124617,50131],{"class":357},[60,124619,133],{"class":74},[60,124621,124622],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,124623,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,124625,124626,124628,124630,124632],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,124627,140],{"class":139},[60,124629,124],{"class":74},[60,124631,7580],{"class":120},[60,124633,133],{"class":74},[60,124635,124636,124638,124640,124642],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,124637,140],{"class":139},[60,124639,124],{"class":74},[60,124641,89912],{"class":120},[60,124643,133],{"class":74},[60,124645,124646,124648,124650,124653],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,124647,140],{"class":139},[60,124649,124],{"class":74},[60,124651,124652],{"class":120},"empty",[60,124654,133],{"class":74},[60,124656,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,124658,140],{"class":139},[60,124660,124],{"class":74},[60,124662,34594],{"class":120},[60,124664,133],{"class":74},[20,124666,124667,124670,124671,124673],{},[41,124668,124669],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124672,47568],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[46,124675,15054],{"id":15053},[260,124677,124678,124681,124684,124687,124692],{},[263,124679,124680],{},"What a string is in Python",[263,124682,124683],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[263,124685,124686],{},"How to create an empty string",[263,124688,124689,124690],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124691,47568],{},[263,124693,124694],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[46,124696,124698],{"id":124697},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124700,124701],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124703,124704],{},"Strings can contain:",[260,124706,124707,124710,124712,124715],{},[263,124708,124709],{},"Letters",[263,124711,56347],{},[263,124713,124714],{},"Spaces",[263,124716,124717],{},"Symbols",[20,124719,124720],{},"Examples of strings:",[51,124722,124724],{"className":53,"code":124723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124725,124726,124734,124742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124727,124728,124730,124732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124729,79],{"class":43213},[60,124731,3759],{"class":43217},[60,124733,3273],{"class":43213},[60,124735,124736,124738,124740],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124737,79],{"class":43213},[60,124739,50131],{"class":43217},[60,124741,3273],{"class":43213},[60,124743,124744,124746,124748],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,124745,79],{"class":43213},[60,124747,89037],{"class":43217},[60,124749,3273],{"class":43213},[20,124751,20867,124752,124754],{},[15,124753,50181],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124756,124757,124758,258],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124759,2221],{},[51,124761,124763],{"className":53,"code":124762,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124764,124765,124777,124786,124790,124804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124766,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124768,34573],{"class":66},[60,124770,71],{"class":70},[60,124772,91],{"class":78},[60,124774,50131],{"class":82},[60,124776,3273],{"class":78},[60,124778,124779,124781,124783],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124780,2137],{"class":66},[60,124782,71],{"class":70},[60,124784,124785],{"class":357}," 123\n",[60,124787,124788],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,124789,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,124791,124792,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,124793,140],{"class":139},[60,124795,124],{"class":74},[60,124797,1684],{"class":1683},[60,124799,124],{"class":74},[60,124801,34594],{"class":120},[60,124803,1691],{"class":74},[60,124805,124806,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,124807,140],{"class":139},[60,124809,124],{"class":74},[60,124811,1684],{"class":1683},[60,124813,124],{"class":74},[60,124815,2159],{"class":120},[60,124817,1691],{"class":74},[20,124819,404],{},[51,124821,124823],{"className":53,"code":124822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124824,124825,124839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124826,124827,124829,124831,124833,124835,124837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124828,3205],{"class":70},[60,124830,3208],{"class":1984},[60,124832,214],{"class":78},[60,124834,3358],{"class":82},[60,124836,205],{"class":78},[60,124838,3217],{"class":70},[60,124840,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124842,3205],{"class":70},[60,124844,3208],{"class":1984},[60,124846,214],{"class":78},[60,124848,2108],{"class":82},[60,124850,205],{"class":78},[60,124852,3217],{"class":70},[20,124854,124855,124856,117],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[30,124857,124858],{"href":50861},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[46,124860,124862],{"id":124861},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124864,124865],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124867,124868],{},"You can use single quotes:",[51,124870,124872],{"className":53,"code":124871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124873,124874,124887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124875,124876,124879,124881,124883,124885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124877,124878],{"class":66},"greeting ",[60,124880,71],{"class":70},[60,124882,214],{"class":78},[60,124884,3759],{"class":82},[60,124886,29585],{"class":78},[60,124888,124889,124891,124893,124896],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124890,140],{"class":139},[60,124892,124],{"class":74},[60,124894,124895],{"class":120},"greeting",[60,124897,133],{"class":74},[20,124899,124900],{},"Or double quotes:",[51,124902,124904],{"className":53,"code":124903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124905,124906,124918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124907,124908,124910,124912,124914,124916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124909,124878],{"class":66},[60,124911,71],{"class":70},[60,124913,91],{"class":78},[60,124915,3759],{"class":82},[60,124917,3273],{"class":78},[60,124919,124920,124922,124924,124926],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124921,140],{"class":139},[60,124923,124],{"class":74},[60,124925,124895],{"class":120},[60,124927,133],{"class":74},[20,124929,124930],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124932,124933],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[46,124935,124937],{"id":124936},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124939,124940],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124942,124943,124944,288,124946,258],{},"Use either ",[15,124945,6184],{},[15,124947,3687],{},[51,124949,124951],{"className":53,"code":124950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124952,124953,124962,124971,124975,124986,124997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124954,124955,124958,124960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124956,124957],{"class":66},"empty1 ",[60,124959,71],{"class":70},[60,124961,7793],{"class":78},[60,124963,124964,124967,124969],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124965,124966],{"class":66},"empty2 ",[60,124968,71],{"class":70},[60,124970,47380],{"class":78},[60,124972,124973],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,124974,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,124976,124977,124979,124981,124984],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,124978,140],{"class":139},[60,124980,124],{"class":74},[60,124982,124983],{"class":120},"empty1",[60,124985,133],{"class":74},[60,124987,124988,124990,124992,124995],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,124989,140],{"class":139},[60,124991,124],{"class":74},[60,124993,124994],{"class":120},"empty2",[60,124996,133],{"class":74},[60,124998,124999,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,125000,140],{"class":139},[60,125002,124],{"class":74},[60,125004,1684],{"class":1683},[60,125006,124],{"class":74},[60,125008,124983],{"class":120},[60,125010,1691],{"class":74},[20,125012,404],{},[51,125014,125015],{"className":53,"code":45656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125016,125017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125018,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125020,3205],{"class":70},[60,125022,3208],{"class":1984},[60,125024,214],{"class":78},[60,125026,3358],{"class":82},[60,125028,205],{"class":78},[60,125030,3217],{"class":70},[20,125032,125033],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[46,125035,125037],{"id":125036},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125039,125040],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125042,125043],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[51,125045,125047],{"className":53,"code":125046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125048,125049,125060,125065,125072,125076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125050,125051,125053,125055,125058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125052,89895],{"class":66},[60,125054,71],{"class":70},[60,125056,125057],{"class":78}," \"\"\"",[60,125059,88837],{"class":82},[60,125061,125062],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125063,125064],{"class":82},"Welcome to Python\n",[60,125066,125067,125070],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125068,125069],{"class":82},"Have a nice day",[60,125071,43221],{"class":78},[60,125073,125074],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125075,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125077,125078,125080,125082,125084],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125079,140],{"class":139},[60,125081,124],{"class":74},[60,125083,89912],{"class":120},[60,125085,133],{"class":74},[20,125087,125088],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[51,125090,125092],{"className":53,"code":125091,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125093,125094,125106,125111,125119,125123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125095,125096,125098,125100,125103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125097,89895],{"class":66},[60,125099,71],{"class":70},[60,125101,125102],{"class":78}," '''",[60,125104,125105],{"class":82},"Line 1\n",[60,125107,125108],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125109,125110],{"class":82},"Line 2\n",[60,125112,125113,125116],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125114,125115],{"class":82},"Line 3",[60,125117,125118],{"class":78},"'''\n",[60,125120,125121],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125122,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125124,125125,125127,125129,125131],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125126,140],{"class":139},[60,125128,124],{"class":74},[60,125130,89912],{"class":120},[60,125132,133],{"class":74},[20,125134,125135],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125137,125138],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[46,125140,125142],{"id":125141},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125144,1900,125145,125147],{},[15,125146,47568],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125149,125150],{},"Example with a number:",[51,125152,125154],{"className":53,"code":125153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125155,125156,125170,125180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125157,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166,125168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125159,34573],{"class":66},[60,125161,71],{"class":70},[60,125163,48789],{"class":1683},[60,125165,124],{"class":74},[60,125167,46410],{"class":357},[60,125169,133],{"class":74},[60,125171,125172,125174,125176,125178],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125173,140],{"class":139},[60,125175,124],{"class":74},[60,125177,34594],{"class":120},[60,125179,133],{"class":74},[60,125181,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190,125192],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125183,140],{"class":139},[60,125185,124],{"class":74},[60,125187,1684],{"class":1683},[60,125189,124],{"class":74},[60,125191,34594],{"class":120},[60,125193,1691],{"class":74},[20,125195,404],{},[51,125197,125199],{"className":53,"code":125198,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125200,125201,125205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125202,125203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125204,46496],{"class":357},[60,125206,125207,125209,125211,125213,125215,125217],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125208,3205],{"class":70},[60,125210,3208],{"class":1984},[60,125212,214],{"class":78},[60,125214,3358],{"class":82},[60,125216,205],{"class":78},[60,125218,3217],{"class":70},[20,125220,125221],{},"You can also convert other values:",[51,125223,125225],{"className":53,"code":125224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125226,125227,125241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125228,125229,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125230,140],{"class":139},[60,125232,124],{"class":74},[60,125234,3358],{"class":1683},[60,125236,124],{"class":74},[60,125238,3520],{"class":734},[60,125240,1691],{"class":74},[60,125242,125243,125245,125247,125249,125251,125253],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125244,140],{"class":139},[60,125246,124],{"class":74},[60,125248,3358],{"class":1683},[60,125250,124],{"class":74},[60,125252,40028],{"class":357},[60,125254,1691],{"class":74},[20,125256,125257],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[51,125259,125261],{"className":53,"code":125260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125262,125263,125271,125293,125297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125264,125265,125267,125269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125266,21517],{"class":66},[60,125268,71],{"class":70},[60,125270,45111],{"class":357},[60,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279,125281,125283,125285,125287,125289,125291],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125274,89895],{"class":66},[60,125276,71],{"class":70},[60,125278,91],{"class":78},[60,125280,89313],{"class":82},[60,125282,79],{"class":78},[60,125284,2372],{"class":70},[60,125286,48789],{"class":1683},[60,125288,124],{"class":74},[60,125290,9206],{"class":120},[60,125292,133],{"class":74},[60,125294,125295],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125296,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125298,125299,125301,125303,125305],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125300,140],{"class":139},[60,125302,124],{"class":74},[60,125304,89912],{"class":120},[60,125306,133],{"class":74},[20,125308,125309,125310,288,125314,117],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[30,125311,3491,125312,3424],{"href":42059},[15,125313,47568],{},[30,125315,125316],{"href":123028},"how to convert int to string in Python",[46,125318,125320],{"id":125319},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125322,125323],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125325,125326],{},"Both of these are valid:",[51,125328,125330],{"className":53,"code":125329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125331,125332,125344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340,125342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125335,2471],{"class":66},[60,125337,71],{"class":70},[60,125339,214],{"class":78},[60,125341,7208],{"class":82},[60,125343,29585],{"class":78},[60,125345,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125347,2499],{"class":66},[60,125349,71],{"class":70},[60,125351,91],{"class":78},[60,125353,7208],{"class":82},[60,125355,3273],{"class":78},[20,125357,125358],{},"A common rule is:",[260,125360,125361,125364,125367],{},[263,125362,125363],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[263,125365,125366],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[263,125368,125369],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125371,2127],{},[51,125373,125375],{"className":53,"code":125374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125376,125377,125391,125405,125409,125420],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125378,125379,125382,125384,125386,125389],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125380,125381],{"class":66},"text1 ",[60,125383,71],{"class":70},[60,125385,91],{"class":78},[60,125387,125388],{"class":82},"It's working",[60,125390,3273],{"class":78},[60,125392,125393,125396,125398,125400,125403],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125394,125395],{"class":66},"text2 ",[60,125397,71],{"class":70},[60,125399,214],{"class":78},[60,125401,125402],{"class":82},"She said \"hello\"",[60,125404,29585],{"class":78},[60,125406,125407],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125408,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125410,125411,125413,125415,125418],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125412,140],{"class":139},[60,125414,124],{"class":74},[60,125416,125417],{"class":120},"text1",[60,125419,133],{"class":74},[60,125421,125422,125424,125426,125429],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125423,140],{"class":139},[60,125425,124],{"class":74},[60,125427,125428],{"class":120},"text2",[60,125430,133],{"class":74},[20,125432,125433],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[46,125435,125437],{"id":125436},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125439,125440],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125442,125443],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[51,125445,125447],{"className":53,"code":125446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125448,125449,125454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125450,125451],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125452,125453],{"class":177},"# This will cause an error\n",[60,125455,125456],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125457,125458],{"class":177},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125460,125461,125462,35215,125464,125467],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125463,205],{},[15,125465,125466],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125469,125470],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[51,125472,125474],{"className":53,"code":125473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125475,125476,125495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125477,125478,125480,125482,125484,125487,125490,125493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125479,34573],{"class":66},[60,125481,71],{"class":70},[60,125483,214],{"class":78},[60,125485,125486],{"class":82},"It",[60,125488,125489],{"class":34338},"\\'",[60,125491,125492],{"class":82},"s working",[60,125494,29585],{"class":78},[60,125496,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125498,140],{"class":139},[60,125500,124],{"class":74},[60,125502,34594],{"class":120},[60,125504,133],{"class":74},[20,125506,125507],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[51,125509,125511],{"className":53,"code":125510,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125512,125513,125525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125514,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125516,34573],{"class":66},[60,125518,71],{"class":70},[60,125520,91],{"class":78},[60,125522,125388],{"class":82},[60,125524,3273],{"class":78},[60,125526,125527,125529,125531,125533],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125528,140],{"class":139},[60,125530,124],{"class":74},[60,125532,34594],{"class":120},[60,125534,133],{"class":74},[20,125536,125537],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125539,125540,125541,117],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[30,125542,125544],{"href":125543},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[46,125546,1245],{"id":1244},[20,125548,125549],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[337,125551,90102],{"id":90101},[20,125553,125554],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[51,125556,125558],{"className":53,"code":125557,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125559,125560,125564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125561,125562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125563,125453],{"class":177},[60,125565,125566],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125567,125568],{"class":177},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125570,125571,125572,1327,125575,125577],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125573,125574],{},"NameError",[15,125576,4914],{}," is not defined.",[20,125579,10711],{},[51,125581,125583],{"className":53,"code":125582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125584,125585,125597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593,125595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125588,7788],{"class":66},[60,125590,71],{"class":70},[60,125592,91],{"class":78},[60,125594,4914],{"class":82},[60,125596,3273],{"class":78},[60,125598,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125600,140],{"class":139},[60,125602,124],{"class":74},[60,125604,7580],{"class":120},[60,125606,133],{"class":74},[337,125608,125610],{"id":125609},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125612,125613],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[51,125615,125617],{"className":53,"code":125616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125618,125619,125623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125620,125621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125622,125453],{"class":177},[60,125624,125625],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125626,125627],{"class":177},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125629,125630],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[51,125632,125634],{"className":53,"code":125633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125635,125636,125653,125666,125670,125680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125637,125638,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648,125651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125639,125381],{"class":66},[60,125641,71],{"class":70},[60,125643,214],{"class":78},[60,125645,125486],{"class":82},[60,125647,125489],{"class":34338},[60,125649,125650],{"class":82},"s good",[60,125652,29585],{"class":78},[60,125654,125655,125657,125659,125661,125664],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125656,125395],{"class":66},[60,125658,71],{"class":70},[60,125660,91],{"class":78},[60,125662,125663],{"class":82},"It's good",[60,125665,3273],{"class":78},[60,125667,125668],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125669,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125671,125672,125674,125676,125678],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125673,140],{"class":139},[60,125675,124],{"class":74},[60,125677,125417],{"class":120},[60,125679,133],{"class":74},[60,125681,125682,125684,125686,125688],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125683,140],{"class":139},[60,125685,124],{"class":74},[60,125687,125428],{"class":120},[60,125689,133],{"class":74},[337,125691,125693],{"id":125692},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125695,125696],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[51,125698,125700],{"className":53,"code":125699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125701,125702,125714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125703,125704,125706,125708,125710,125712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125705,34573],{"class":66},[60,125707,71],{"class":70},[60,125709,125057],{"class":78},[60,125711,3759],{"class":82},[60,125713,43221],{"class":78},[60,125715,125716,125718,125720,125722],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125717,140],{"class":139},[60,125719,124],{"class":74},[60,125721,34594],{"class":120},[60,125723,133],{"class":74},[20,125725,125726],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[51,125728,125730],{"className":53,"code":125729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125731,125732,125744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125733,125734,125736,125738,125740,125742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125735,34573],{"class":66},[60,125737,71],{"class":70},[60,125739,91],{"class":78},[60,125741,3759],{"class":82},[60,125743,3273],{"class":78},[60,125745,125746,125748,125750,125752],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125747,140],{"class":139},[60,125749,124],{"class":74},[60,125751,34594],{"class":120},[60,125753,133],{"class":74},[337,125755,4490,125757,1776,125759,125761],{"id":125756},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125758,50131],{},[15,125760,50181],{}," are the same type",[20,125763,125764],{},"They are different:",[51,125766,125768],{"className":53,"code":125767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125769,125770,125779,125792,125796,125810],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125771,125772,125775,125777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125773,125774],{"class":66},"value1 ",[60,125776,71],{"class":70},[60,125778,124785],{"class":357},[60,125780,125781,125784,125786,125788,125790],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125782,125783],{"class":66},"value2 ",[60,125785,71],{"class":70},[60,125787,91],{"class":78},[60,125789,50131],{"class":82},[60,125791,3273],{"class":78},[60,125793,125794],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125795,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125797,125798,125800,125802,125804,125806,125808],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125799,140],{"class":139},[60,125801,124],{"class":74},[60,125803,1684],{"class":1683},[60,125805,124],{"class":74},[60,125807,84658],{"class":120},[60,125809,1691],{"class":74},[60,125811,125812,125814,125816,125818,125820,125823],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125813,140],{"class":139},[60,125815,124],{"class":74},[60,125817,1684],{"class":1683},[60,125819,124],{"class":74},[60,125821,125822],{"class":120},"value2",[60,125824,1691],{"class":74},[20,125826,404],{},[51,125828,125830],{"className":53,"code":125829,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125831,125832,125846],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125835,3205],{"class":70},[60,125837,3208],{"class":1984},[60,125839,214],{"class":78},[60,125841,2108],{"class":82},[60,125843,205],{"class":78},[60,125845,3217],{"class":70},[60,125847,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125849,3205],{"class":70},[60,125851,3208],{"class":1984},[60,125853,214],{"class":78},[60,125855,3358],{"class":82},[60,125857,205],{"class":78},[60,125859,3217],{"class":70},[337,125861,125863],{"id":125862},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125865,125866],{},"This causes a type error:",[51,125868,125870],{"className":53,"code":125869,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125871,125872,125876,125881],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125873,125874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125875,125453],{"class":177},[60,125877,125878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125879,125880],{"class":177},"# age = 10\n",[60,125882,125883],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125884,125885],{"class":177},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125887,125888,125889,258],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125890,47568],{},[51,125892,125894],{"className":53,"code":125893,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125895,125896,125904,125926,125930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125897,125898,125900,125902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125899,21517],{"class":66},[60,125901,71],{"class":70},[60,125903,2504],{"class":357},[60,125905,125906,125908,125910,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922,125924],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125907,89895],{"class":66},[60,125909,71],{"class":70},[60,125911,91],{"class":78},[60,125913,89313],{"class":82},[60,125915,79],{"class":78},[60,125917,2372],{"class":70},[60,125919,48789],{"class":1683},[60,125921,124],{"class":74},[60,125923,9206],{"class":120},[60,125925,133],{"class":74},[60,125927,125928],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125929,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125931,125932,125934,125936,125938],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125933,140],{"class":139},[60,125935,124],{"class":74},[60,125937,89912],{"class":120},[60,125939,133],{"class":74},[20,125941,125942,125943,117],{},"For this specific error, see ",[30,125944,90294],{"href":90293},[337,125946,60597],{"id":60596},[20,125948,125949],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[51,125951,125953],{"className":53,"code":125952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125954,125955,125967,125971,125981,125995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125956,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125958,34573],{"class":66},[60,125960,71],{"class":70},[60,125962,91],{"class":78},[60,125964,3759],{"class":82},[60,125966,3273],{"class":78},[60,125968,125969],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125970,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,125974,140],{"class":139},[60,125976,124],{"class":74},[60,125978,34594],{"class":120},[60,125980,133],{"class":74},[60,125982,125983,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,125984,140],{"class":139},[60,125986,124],{"class":74},[60,125988,1684],{"class":1683},[60,125990,124],{"class":74},[60,125992,34594],{"class":120},[60,125994,1691],{"class":74},[60,125996,125997,125999,126001,126003,126005,126007],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,125998,140],{"class":139},[60,126000,124],{"class":74},[60,126002,41664],{"class":139},[60,126004,124],{"class":74},[60,126006,34594],{"class":120},[60,126008,1691],{"class":74},[260,126010,126011,126016,126021],{},[263,126012,126013,46163],{},[15,126014,126015],{},"print(text)",[263,126017,126018,46168],{},[15,126019,126020],{},"print(type(text))",[263,126022,126023,126026],{},[15,126024,126025],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[46,126028,1746],{"id":1745},[337,126030,126032],{"id":126031},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126034,126035,126036,288,126039,117],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126037,126038],{},"'hello'",[15,126040,64422],{},[337,126042,126044],{"id":126043},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126046,126047],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[337,126049,126051],{"id":126050},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126053,243,126054,288,126056,117],{},[15,126055,6184],{},[15,126057,3687],{},[337,126059,126061],{"id":126060},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126063,243,126064,126066,126067,126069,126070,117],{},[15,126065,47568],{},", like ",[15,126068,80268],{},", which returns ",[15,126071,42011],{},[337,126073,126075],{"id":126074},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126077,126078],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[46,126080,1808],{"id":1807},[260,126082,126083,126087,126093,126098,126107,126111],{},[263,126084,126085],{},[30,126086,124858],{"href":50861},[263,126088,126089],{},[30,126090,3491,126091,3424],{"href":42059},[15,126092,47568],{},[263,126094,126095],{},[30,126096,126097],{"href":123028},"How to convert int to string in Python",[263,126099,126100],{},[30,126101,126103,126104,1818],{"href":126102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126105,126106],{},"format()",[263,126108,126109],{},[30,126110,125544],{"href":125543},[263,126112,126113],{},[30,126114,90294],{"href":90293},[1841,126116,126117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":126119},[126120,126121,126122,126123,126124,126125,126126,126127,126128,126137,126144],{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":124697,"depth":111,"text":124698},{"id":124861,"depth":111,"text":124862},{"id":124936,"depth":111,"text":124937},{"id":125036,"depth":111,"text":125037},{"id":125141,"depth":111,"text":125142},{"id":125319,"depth":111,"text":125320},{"id":125436,"depth":111,"text":125437},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":126129},[126130,126131,126132,126133,126135,126136],{"id":90101,"depth":136,"text":90102},{"id":125609,"depth":136,"text":125610},{"id":125692,"depth":136,"text":125693},{"id":125756,"depth":136,"text":126134},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125862,"depth":136,"text":125863},{"id":60596,"depth":136,"text":60597},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":126138},[126139,126140,126141,126142,126143],{"id":126031,"depth":136,"text":126032},{"id":126043,"depth":136,"text":126044},{"id":126050,"depth":136,"text":126051},{"id":126060,"depth":136,"text":126061},{"id":126074,"depth":136,"text":126075},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124559,"description":126145},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126152,"title":126153,"body":126154,"description":128068,"extension":1883,"meta":128069,"navigation":152,"path":128070,"seo":128071,"stem":128072,"__hash__":128073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126155,"toc":128029},[126156,126162,126167,126175,126177,126244,126246,126258,126267,126272,126276,126293,126295,126360,126362,126374,126379,126381,126409,126430,126433,126472,126474,126482,126486,126490,126494,126502,126505,126546,126548,126556,126559,126616,126618,126626,126630,126635,126679,126681,126689,126698,126702,126707,126755,126757,126765,126771,126773,126777,126789,126794,126873,126875,126895,126899,126903,126943,126945,126953,126957,127000,127002,127010,127014,127054,127056,127064,127068,127124,127126,127134,127140,127142,127146,127156,127223,127225,127238,127245,127288,127290,127298,127302,127305,127361,127363,127371,127374,127376,127453,127455,127463,127472,127474,127478,127482,127484,127506,127509,127556,127560,127599,127601,127609,127611,127653,127660,127665,127727,127729,127741,127747,127752,127801,127803,127822,127828,127830,127849,127851,127942,127944,127950,127957,127963,127969,127974,127983,127990,127998,128000,128026],[10,126157,123103,126159,18],{"id":126158},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126160,126161],{},"endswith()",[20,126163,123108,126164,126166],{},[15,126165,126161],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126168,126169,126170,288,126172,126174],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126171,3520],{},[15,126173,3588],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[46,126176,49],{"id":48},[51,126178,126180],{"className":53,"code":126179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126181,126182,126196,126221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126183,126184,126187,126189,126191,126194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126185,126186],{"class":66},"filename ",[60,126188,71],{"class":70},[60,126190,91],{"class":78},[60,126192,126193],{"class":82},"report.csv",[60,126195,3273],{"class":78},[60,126197,126198,126200,126202,126205,126207,126210,126212,126214,126217,126219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126199,140],{"class":139},[60,126201,124],{"class":74},[60,126203,126204],{"class":120},"filename",[60,126206,117],{"class":74},[60,126208,126209],{"class":120},"endswith",[60,126211,124],{"class":74},[60,126213,79],{"class":78},[60,126215,126216],{"class":82},".csv",[60,126218,79],{"class":78},[60,126220,1691],{"class":74},[60,126222,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235,126237,126240,126242],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,126224,140],{"class":139},[60,126226,124],{"class":74},[60,126228,126204],{"class":120},[60,126230,117],{"class":74},[60,126232,126209],{"class":120},[60,126234,124],{"class":74},[60,126236,79],{"class":78},[60,126238,126239],{"class":82},".txt",[60,126241,79],{"class":78},[60,126243,1691],{"class":74},[20,126245,404],{},[51,126247,126248],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126249,126250,126254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126251,126252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126253,3892],{"class":734},[60,126255,126256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126257,3953],{"class":734},[20,126259,243,126260,5279,126262,288,126264,126266],{},[15,126261,126161],{},[15,126263,3520],{},[15,126265,3588],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[46,126268,250,126270,253],{"id":126269},"what-endswith-does",[15,126271,126161],{},[20,126273,126274,258],{},[15,126275,126161],{},[260,126277,126278,126281,126287,126290],{},[263,126279,126280],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[263,126282,274,126283,288,126285],{},[15,126284,3520],{},[15,126286,3588],{},[263,126288,126289],{},"Does not change the original string",[263,126291,126292],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126294,2127],{},[51,126296,126298],{"className":53,"code":126297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126299,126300,126312,126316,126338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126301,126302,126304,126306,126308,126310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126303,34573],{"class":66},[60,126305,71],{"class":70},[60,126307,91],{"class":78},[60,126309,60293],{"class":82},[60,126311,3273],{"class":78},[60,126313,126314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126315,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,126317,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330,126332,126334,126336],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,126319,140],{"class":139},[60,126321,124],{"class":74},[60,126323,34594],{"class":120},[60,126325,117],{"class":74},[60,126327,126209],{"class":120},[60,126329,124],{"class":74},[60,126331,79],{"class":78},[60,126333,60478],{"class":82},[60,126335,79],{"class":78},[60,126337,1691],{"class":74},[60,126339,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,126341,140],{"class":139},[60,126343,124],{"class":74},[60,126345,34594],{"class":120},[60,126347,117],{"class":74},[60,126349,126209],{"class":120},[60,126351,124],{"class":74},[60,126353,79],{"class":78},[60,126355,3759],{"class":82},[60,126357,79],{"class":78},[60,126359,1691],{"class":74},[20,126361,404],{},[51,126363,126364],{"className":53,"code":44059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126365,126366,126370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126367,126368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126369,3892],{"class":734},[60,126371,126372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126373,3953],{"class":734},[20,126375,126376,126377,117],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[30,126378,124858],{"href":50861},[46,126380,296],{"id":295},[51,126382,126384],{"className":53,"code":126383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126385,126386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126387,126388,126390,126392,126394,126396,126399,126401,126403,126405,126407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126389,61061],{"class":66},[60,126391,117],{"class":74},[60,126393,126209],{"class":120},[60,126395,124],{"class":74},[60,126397,126398],{"class":120},"suffix",[60,126400,88],{"class":74},[60,126402,35938],{"class":120},[60,126404,88],{"class":74},[60,126406,64928],{"class":120},[60,126408,133],{"class":74},[260,126410,126411,126416,126423],{},[263,126412,126413,126415],{},[15,126414,126398],{}," is required",[263,126417,126418,1776,126420,126422],{},[15,126419,35959],{},[15,126421,52547],{}," are optional",[263,126424,126425,1776,126427,126429],{},[15,126426,35959],{},[15,126428,52547],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126431,126432],{},"Basic example:",[51,126434,126436],{"className":53,"code":126435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126437,126438,126450],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126439,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126441,126186],{"class":66},[60,126443,71],{"class":70},[60,126445,91],{"class":78},[60,126447,86783],{"class":82},[60,126449,3273],{"class":78},[60,126451,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468,126470],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126453,140],{"class":139},[60,126455,124],{"class":74},[60,126457,126204],{"class":120},[60,126459,117],{"class":74},[60,126461,126209],{"class":120},[60,126463,124],{"class":74},[60,126465,79],{"class":78},[60,126467,126239],{"class":82},[60,126469,79],{"class":78},[60,126471,1691],{"class":74},[20,126473,404],{},[51,126475,126476],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126477,126478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126479,126480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126481,3892],{"class":734},[46,126483,126485],{"id":126484},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[337,126487,126488],{"id":126398},[15,126489,126398],{},[20,126491,126492,30635],{},[15,126493,126398],{},[260,126495,126496,126499],{},[263,126497,126498],{},"A single string",[263,126500,126501],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126503,126504],{},"Single suffix:",[51,126506,126508],{"className":53,"code":126507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126509,126510,126523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126511,126512,126514,126516,126518,126521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126513,7788],{"class":66},[60,126515,71],{"class":70},[60,126517,91],{"class":78},[60,126519,126520],{"class":82},"image.png",[60,126522,3273],{"class":78},[60,126524,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126542,126544],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126526,140],{"class":139},[60,126528,124],{"class":74},[60,126530,7580],{"class":120},[60,126532,117],{"class":74},[60,126534,126209],{"class":120},[60,126536,124],{"class":74},[60,126538,79],{"class":78},[60,126540,126541],{"class":82},".png",[60,126543,79],{"class":78},[60,126545,1691],{"class":74},[20,126547,404],{},[51,126549,126550],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126551,126552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126553,126554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126555,3892],{"class":734},[20,126557,126558],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[51,126560,126562],{"className":53,"code":126561,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126563,126564,126576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126565,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126567,7788],{"class":66},[60,126569,71],{"class":70},[60,126571,91],{"class":78},[60,126573,126520],{"class":82},[60,126575,3273],{"class":78},[60,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126612,126614],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126579,140],{"class":139},[60,126581,124],{"class":74},[60,126583,7580],{"class":120},[60,126585,117],{"class":74},[60,126587,126209],{"class":120},[60,126589,5421],{"class":74},[60,126591,79],{"class":78},[60,126593,126594],{"class":82},".jpg",[60,126596,79],{"class":78},[60,126598,88],{"class":74},[60,126600,91],{"class":78},[60,126602,126541],{"class":82},[60,126604,79],{"class":78},[60,126606,88],{"class":74},[60,126608,91],{"class":78},[60,126610,126611],{"class":82},".gif",[60,126613,79],{"class":78},[60,126615,2827],{"class":74},[20,126617,404],{},[51,126619,126620],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126621,126622],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126623,126624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126625,3892],{"class":734},[337,126627,126628],{"id":35959},[15,126629,35959],{},[20,126631,126632,126634],{},[15,126633,35959],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[51,126636,126638],{"className":53,"code":126637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126639,126640,126653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126641,126642,126644,126646,126648,126651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126643,34573],{"class":66},[60,126645,71],{"class":70},[60,126647,91],{"class":78},[60,126649,126650],{"class":82},"my_report.csv",[60,126652,3273],{"class":78},[60,126654,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126656,140],{"class":139},[60,126658,124],{"class":74},[60,126660,34594],{"class":120},[60,126662,117],{"class":74},[60,126664,126209],{"class":120},[60,126666,124],{"class":74},[60,126668,79],{"class":78},[60,126670,126216],{"class":82},[60,126672,79],{"class":78},[60,126674,88],{"class":74},[60,126676,368],{"class":357},[60,126678,1691],{"class":74},[20,126680,404],{},[51,126682,126683],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126684,126685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126686,126687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126688,3892],{"class":734},[20,126690,126691,126692,126694,126695,117],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126693,389],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126696,126697],{},"\"report.csv\"",[337,126699,126700],{"id":52547},[15,126701,52547],{},[20,126703,126704,126706],{},[15,126705,52547],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[51,126708,126710],{"className":53,"code":126709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126711,126712,126725],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126713,126714,126716,126718,126720,126723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126715,34573],{"class":66},[60,126717,71],{"class":70},[60,126719,91],{"class":78},[60,126721,126722],{"class":82},"report.csv backup",[60,126724,3273],{"class":78},[60,126726,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126728,140],{"class":139},[60,126730,124],{"class":74},[60,126732,34594],{"class":120},[60,126734,117],{"class":74},[60,126736,126209],{"class":120},[60,126738,124],{"class":74},[60,126740,79],{"class":78},[60,126742,126216],{"class":82},[60,126744,79],{"class":78},[60,126746,88],{"class":74},[60,126748,3747],{"class":357},[60,126750,88],{"class":74},[60,126752,5916],{"class":357},[60,126754,1691],{"class":74},[20,126756,404],{},[51,126758,126759],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126760,126761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126762,126763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126764,3892],{"class":734},[20,126766,126767,126768,126770],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126769,126697],{}," and ignores the rest.",[46,126772,17310],{"id":17309},[20,126774,126775,25395],{},[15,126776,126161],{},[260,126778,126779,126784],{},[263,126780,126781,126783],{},[15,126782,3520],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[263,126785,126786,126788],{},[15,126787,3588],{}," if it does not",[20,126790,126791,126792,7083],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126793,1154],{},[51,126795,126797],{"className":53,"code":126796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126798,126799,126812,126816,126837,126852,126858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126800,126801,126803,126805,126807,126810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126802,126186],{"class":66},[60,126804,71],{"class":70},[60,126806,91],{"class":78},[60,126808,126809],{"class":82},"data.csv",[60,126811,3273],{"class":78},[60,126813,126814],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126815,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,126817,126818,126820,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,126819,1154],{"class":1153},[60,126821,126822],{"class":66}," filename",[60,126824,117],{"class":74},[60,126826,126209],{"class":120},[60,126828,124],{"class":74},[60,126830,79],{"class":78},[60,126832,126216],{"class":82},[60,126834,79],{"class":78},[60,126836,8255],{"class":74},[60,126838,126839,126841,126843,126845,126848,126850],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,126840,7981],{"class":139},[60,126842,124],{"class":74},[60,126844,79],{"class":78},[60,126846,126847],{"class":82},"This is a CSV file.",[60,126849,79],{"class":78},[60,126851,133],{"class":74},[60,126853,126854,126856],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,126855,27319],{"class":1153},[60,126857,1168],{"class":74},[60,126859,126860,126862,126864,126866,126869,126871],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,126861,7981],{"class":139},[60,126863,124],{"class":74},[60,126865,79],{"class":78},[60,126867,126868],{"class":82},"This is not a CSV file.",[60,126870,79],{"class":78},[60,126872,133],{"class":74},[20,126874,404],{},[51,126876,126878],{"className":53,"code":126877,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126879,126880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126881,126882,126884,126886,126888,126891,126893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126883,49764],{"class":66},[60,126885,12088],{"class":70},[60,126887,44430],{"class":66},[60,126889,126890],{"class":34338},"CSV",[60,126892,86524],{"class":86523},[60,126894,122135],{"class":74},[46,126896,126898],{"id":126897},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[337,126900,126902],{"id":126901},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[51,126904,126906],{"className":53,"code":126905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126907,126908,126921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126909,126910,126912,126914,126916,126919],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126911,126186],{"class":66},[60,126913,71],{"class":70},[60,126915,91],{"class":78},[60,126917,126918],{"class":82},"sales.csv",[60,126920,3273],{"class":78},[60,126922,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126924,140],{"class":139},[60,126926,124],{"class":74},[60,126928,126204],{"class":120},[60,126930,117],{"class":74},[60,126932,126209],{"class":120},[60,126934,124],{"class":74},[60,126936,79],{"class":78},[60,126938,126216],{"class":82},[60,126940,79],{"class":78},[60,126942,1691],{"class":74},[20,126944,404],{},[51,126946,126947],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126948,126949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126950,126951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126952,3892],{"class":734},[337,126954,126956],{"id":126955},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[51,126958,126960],{"className":53,"code":126959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126961,126962,126976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126963,126964,126967,126969,126971,126974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126965,126966],{"class":66},"url ",[60,126968,71],{"class":70},[60,126970,91],{"class":78},[60,126972,126973],{"class":82},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[60,126975,3273],{"class":78},[60,126977,126978,126980,126982,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126996,126998],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126979,140],{"class":139},[60,126981,124],{"class":74},[60,126983,126984],{"class":120},"url",[60,126986,117],{"class":74},[60,126988,126209],{"class":120},[60,126990,124],{"class":74},[60,126992,79],{"class":78},[60,126994,126995],{"class":82},"\u002F",[60,126997,79],{"class":78},[60,126999,1691],{"class":74},[20,127001,404],{},[51,127003,127004],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127005,127006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127007,127008],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127009,3892],{"class":734},[337,127011,127013],{"id":127012},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[51,127015,127017],{"className":53,"code":127016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127018,127019,127032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127020,127021,127023,127025,127027,127030],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127022,89895],{"class":66},[60,127024,71],{"class":70},[60,127026,91],{"class":78},[60,127028,127029],{"class":82},"Hello!",[60,127031,3273],{"class":78},[60,127033,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127035,140],{"class":139},[60,127037,124],{"class":74},[60,127039,89912],{"class":120},[60,127041,117],{"class":74},[60,127043,126209],{"class":120},[60,127045,124],{"class":74},[60,127047,79],{"class":78},[60,127049,89736],{"class":82},[60,127051,79],{"class":78},[60,127053,1691],{"class":74},[20,127055,404],{},[51,127057,127058],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127059,127060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127061,127062],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127063,3892],{"class":734},[337,127065,127067],{"id":127066},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[51,127069,127071],{"className":53,"code":127070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127072,127073,127086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127074,127075,127077,127079,127081,127084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127076,126186],{"class":66},[60,127078,71],{"class":70},[60,127080,91],{"class":78},[60,127082,127083],{"class":82},"photo.jpg",[60,127085,3273],{"class":78},[60,127087,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127089,140],{"class":139},[60,127091,124],{"class":74},[60,127093,126204],{"class":120},[60,127095,117],{"class":74},[60,127097,126209],{"class":120},[60,127099,5421],{"class":74},[60,127101,79],{"class":78},[60,127103,126594],{"class":82},[60,127105,79],{"class":78},[60,127107,88],{"class":74},[60,127109,91],{"class":78},[60,127111,126541],{"class":82},[60,127113,79],{"class":78},[60,127115,88],{"class":74},[60,127117,91],{"class":78},[60,127119,126611],{"class":82},[60,127121,79],{"class":78},[60,127123,2827],{"class":74},[20,127125,404],{},[51,127127,127128],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127129,127130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127131,127132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127133,3892],{"class":734},[20,127135,127136,127137,117],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[30,127138,127139],{"href":123358},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[46,127141,123750],{"id":123749},[20,127143,127144,123561],{},[15,127145,126161],{},[20,127147,127148,127149,1776,127152,127155],{},"That means ",[15,127150,127151],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127153,127154],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[51,127157,127159],{"className":53,"code":127158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127160,127161,127174,127178,127200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127162,127163,127165,127167,127169,127172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127164,126186],{"class":66},[60,127166,71],{"class":70},[60,127168,91],{"class":78},[60,127170,127171],{"class":82},"REPORT.CSV",[60,127173,3273],{"class":78},[60,127175,127176],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127177,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,127179,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,127181,140],{"class":139},[60,127183,124],{"class":74},[60,127185,126204],{"class":120},[60,127187,117],{"class":74},[60,127189,126209],{"class":120},[60,127191,124],{"class":74},[60,127193,79],{"class":78},[60,127195,126216],{"class":82},[60,127197,79],{"class":78},[60,127199,1691],{"class":74},[60,127201,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127219,127221],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,127203,140],{"class":139},[60,127205,124],{"class":74},[60,127207,126204],{"class":120},[60,127209,117],{"class":74},[60,127211,126209],{"class":120},[60,127213,124],{"class":74},[60,127215,79],{"class":78},[60,127217,127218],{"class":82},".CSV",[60,127220,79],{"class":78},[60,127222,1691],{"class":74},[20,127224,404],{},[51,127226,127228],{"className":53,"code":127227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127229,127230,127234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127231,127232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127233,3953],{"class":734},[60,127235,127236],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127237,3892],{"class":734},[20,127239,127240,127241,117],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[30,127242,127243],{"href":123830},[15,127244,123833],{},[51,127246,127248],{"className":53,"code":127247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127249,127250,127262],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127251,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127253,126186],{"class":66},[60,127255,71],{"class":70},[60,127257,91],{"class":78},[60,127259,127171],{"class":82},[60,127261,3273],{"class":78},[60,127263,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127265,140],{"class":139},[60,127267,124],{"class":74},[60,127269,126204],{"class":120},[60,127271,117],{"class":74},[60,127273,8552],{"class":120},[60,127275,8549],{"class":74},[60,127277,126209],{"class":120},[60,127279,124],{"class":74},[60,127281,79],{"class":78},[60,127283,126216],{"class":82},[60,127285,79],{"class":78},[60,127287,1691],{"class":74},[20,127289,404],{},[51,127291,127292],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127293,127294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127295,127296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127297,3892],{"class":734},[46,127299,127301],{"id":127300},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127303,127304],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[51,127306,127308],{"className":53,"code":127307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127309,127310,127323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127311,127312,127314,127316,127318,127321],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127313,126186],{"class":66},[60,127315,71],{"class":70},[60,127317,91],{"class":78},[60,127319,127320],{"class":82},"picture.gif",[60,127322,3273],{"class":78},[60,127324,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127326,140],{"class":139},[60,127328,124],{"class":74},[60,127330,126204],{"class":120},[60,127332,117],{"class":74},[60,127334,126209],{"class":120},[60,127336,5421],{"class":74},[60,127338,79],{"class":78},[60,127340,126594],{"class":82},[60,127342,79],{"class":78},[60,127344,88],{"class":74},[60,127346,91],{"class":78},[60,127348,126541],{"class":82},[60,127350,79],{"class":78},[60,127352,88],{"class":74},[60,127354,91],{"class":78},[60,127356,126611],{"class":82},[60,127358,79],{"class":78},[60,127360,2827],{"class":74},[20,127362,404],{},[51,127364,127365],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127366,127367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127368,127369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127370,3892],{"class":734},[20,127372,127373],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127375,51966],{},[51,127377,127379],{"className":53,"code":127378,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127380,127381,127394,127429,127433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127382,127383,127386,127388,127390,127392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127384,127385],{"class":66},"document ",[60,127387,71],{"class":70},[60,127389,91],{"class":78},[60,127391,86783],{"class":82},[60,127393,3273],{"class":78},[60,127395,127396,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127416,127418,127420,127422,127425,127427],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127397,127398],{"class":66},"allowed ",[60,127400,71],{"class":70},[60,127402,9144],{"class":74},[60,127404,79],{"class":78},[60,127406,126239],{"class":82},[60,127408,79],{"class":78},[60,127410,88],{"class":74},[60,127412,91],{"class":78},[60,127414,127415],{"class":82},".md",[60,127417,79],{"class":78},[60,127419,88],{"class":74},[60,127421,91],{"class":78},[60,127423,127424],{"class":82},".docx",[60,127426,79],{"class":78},[60,127428,133],{"class":74},[60,127430,127431],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,127432,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,127434,127435,127437,127439,127442,127444,127446,127448,127451],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,127436,140],{"class":139},[60,127438,124],{"class":74},[60,127440,127441],{"class":120},"document",[60,127443,117],{"class":74},[60,127445,126209],{"class":120},[60,127447,124],{"class":74},[60,127449,127450],{"class":120},"allowed",[60,127452,1691],{"class":74},[20,127454,404],{},[51,127456,127457],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127458,127459],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127460,127461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127462,3892],{"class":734},[20,127464,127465,127466,117],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[30,127467,126103,127469,1818],{"href":127468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127470,127471],{},"startswith()",[46,127473,1245],{"id":1244},[20,127475,1248,127476,117],{},[15,127477,126161],{},[337,127479,127481],{"id":127480},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127483,1260],{},[51,127485,127487],{"className":53,"code":127486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127488,127489,127501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127492,126186],{"class":66},[60,127494,71],{"class":70},[60,127496,91],{"class":78},[60,127498,127083],{"class":82},[60,127500,3273],{"class":78},[60,127502,127503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127504,127505],{"class":177},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127507,127508],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[51,127510,127512],{"className":53,"code":127511,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127513,127514,127526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127517,126186],{"class":66},[60,127519,71],{"class":70},[60,127521,91],{"class":78},[60,127523,127083],{"class":82},[60,127525,3273],{"class":78},[60,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127529,140],{"class":139},[60,127531,124],{"class":74},[60,127533,126204],{"class":120},[60,127535,117],{"class":74},[60,127537,126209],{"class":120},[60,127539,5421],{"class":74},[60,127541,79],{"class":78},[60,127543,126594],{"class":82},[60,127545,79],{"class":78},[60,127547,88],{"class":74},[60,127549,91],{"class":78},[60,127551,126541],{"class":82},[60,127553,79],{"class":78},[60,127555,2827],{"class":74},[337,127557,127559],{"id":127558},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[51,127561,127563],{"className":53,"code":127562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127564,127565,127577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127566,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127568,126186],{"class":66},[60,127570,71],{"class":70},[60,127572,91],{"class":78},[60,127574,127171],{"class":82},[60,127576,3273],{"class":78},[60,127578,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127580,140],{"class":139},[60,127582,124],{"class":74},[60,127584,126204],{"class":120},[60,127586,117],{"class":74},[60,127588,126209],{"class":120},[60,127590,124],{"class":74},[60,127592,79],{"class":78},[60,127594,126216],{"class":82},[60,127596,79],{"class":78},[60,127598,1691],{"class":74},[20,127600,404],{},[51,127602,127603],{"className":53,"code":3953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127604,127605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127606,127607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127608,3953],{"class":734},[20,127610,39146],{},[51,127612,127613],{"className":53,"code":127247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127614,127615,127627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127616,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127618,126186],{"class":66},[60,127620,71],{"class":70},[60,127622,91],{"class":78},[60,127624,127171],{"class":82},[60,127626,3273],{"class":78},[60,127628,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127630,140],{"class":139},[60,127632,124],{"class":74},[60,127634,126204],{"class":120},[60,127636,117],{"class":74},[60,127638,8552],{"class":120},[60,127640,8549],{"class":74},[60,127642,126209],{"class":120},[60,127644,124],{"class":74},[60,127646,79],{"class":78},[60,127648,126216],{"class":82},[60,127650,79],{"class":78},[60,127652,1691],{"class":74},[337,127654,1391,127656,1394,127658],{"id":127655},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127657,126161],{},[15,127659,1703],{},[20,127661,127662,127664],{},[15,127663,126161],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[51,127666,127668],{"className":53,"code":127667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127669,127670,127683,127687,127709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127671,127672,127674,127676,127678,127681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127673,34573],{"class":66},[60,127675,71],{"class":70},[60,127677,91],{"class":78},[60,127679,127680],{"class":82},"my_report.csv.backup",[60,127682,3273],{"class":78},[60,127684,127685],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127686,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,127688,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,127690,140],{"class":139},[60,127692,124],{"class":74},[60,127694,34594],{"class":120},[60,127696,117],{"class":74},[60,127698,126209],{"class":120},[60,127700,124],{"class":74},[60,127702,79],{"class":78},[60,127704,126216],{"class":82},[60,127706,79],{"class":78},[60,127708,1691],{"class":74},[60,127710,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,127712,140],{"class":139},[60,127714,124],{"class":74},[60,127716,79],{"class":78},[60,127718,126216],{"class":82},[60,127720,79],{"class":78},[60,127722,1163],{"class":1153},[60,127724,42726],{"class":120},[60,127726,133],{"class":74},[20,127728,404],{},[51,127730,127731],{"className":53,"code":127227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127732,127733,127737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127734,127735],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127736,3953],{"class":734},[60,127738,127739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127740,3892],{"class":734},[337,127742,1254,127744,127746],{"id":127743},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127745,126161],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127748,127749,127751],{},[15,127750,126161],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[51,127753,127755],{"className":53,"code":127754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127756,127757,127769,127791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127758,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127760,126186],{"class":66},[60,127762,71],{"class":70},[60,127764,91],{"class":78},[60,127766,126193],{"class":82},[60,127768,3273],{"class":78},[60,127770,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127772,140],{"class":139},[60,127774,124],{"class":74},[60,127776,126204],{"class":120},[60,127778,117],{"class":74},[60,127780,126209],{"class":120},[60,127782,124],{"class":74},[60,127784,79],{"class":78},[60,127786,126216],{"class":82},[60,127788,79],{"class":78},[60,127790,1691],{"class":74},[60,127792,127793,127795,127797,127799],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,127794,140],{"class":139},[60,127796,124],{"class":74},[60,127798,126204],{"class":120},[60,127800,133],{"class":74},[20,127802,404],{},[51,127804,127806],{"className":53,"code":127805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127807,127808,127812],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127809,127810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127811,3892],{"class":734},[60,127813,127814,127817,127819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127815,127816],{"class":66},"report",[60,127818,117],{"class":74},[60,127820,127821],{"class":1723},"csv\n",[20,127823,127824,127825,117],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[30,127826,127827],{"href":124271},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127829,65951],{},[260,127831,127832,127835,127838,127841],{},[263,127833,127834],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[263,127836,127837],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[263,127839,127840],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[263,127842,8331,127843,44515,127845,288,127847,111300],{},[15,127844,126161],{},[15,127846,124274],{},[15,127848,41538],{},[20,127850,30020],{},[51,127852,127854],{"className":53,"code":127853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127855,127856,127866,127880,127902,127928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127857,127858,127860,127862,127864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127859,140],{"class":139},[60,127861,124],{"class":74},[60,127863,34594],{"class":120},[60,127865,133],{"class":74},[60,127867,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127869,140],{"class":139},[60,127871,124],{"class":74},[60,127873,41664],{"class":139},[60,127875,124],{"class":74},[60,127877,34594],{"class":120},[60,127879,1691],{"class":74},[60,127881,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,127883,140],{"class":139},[60,127885,124],{"class":74},[60,127887,34594],{"class":120},[60,127889,117],{"class":74},[60,127891,126209],{"class":120},[60,127893,124],{"class":74},[60,127895,205],{"class":78},[60,127897,126216],{"class":82},[60,127899,205],{"class":78},[60,127901,1691],{"class":74},[60,127903,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,127905,140],{"class":139},[60,127907,124],{"class":74},[60,127909,34594],{"class":120},[60,127911,117],{"class":74},[60,127913,8552],{"class":120},[60,127915,8549],{"class":74},[60,127917,126209],{"class":120},[60,127919,124],{"class":74},[60,127921,205],{"class":78},[60,127923,126216],{"class":82},[60,127925,205],{"class":78},[60,127927,1691],{"class":74},[60,127929,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,127931,140],{"class":139},[60,127933,124],{"class":74},[60,127935,1684],{"class":1683},[60,127937,124],{"class":74},[60,127939,34594],{"class":120},[60,127941,1691],{"class":74},[46,127943,1746],{"id":1745},[337,127945,12599,127947,127949],{"id":127946},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127948,126161],{}," change the string?",[20,127951,127952,127953,288,127955,117],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127954,3520],{},[15,127956,3588],{},[337,127958,5079,127960,127962],{"id":127959},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127961,126161],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127964,127965,127966,117],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127967,127968],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[337,127970,14794,127972,124439],{"id":127971},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127973,126161],{},[20,127975,127976,127977,288,127979,127982],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127978,123833],{},[15,127980,127981],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[337,127984,1773,127986,1776,127988,1779],{"id":127985},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127987,126161],{},[15,127989,124098],{},[20,127991,127992,127994,127995,127997],{},[15,127993,126161],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127996,124098],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[46,127999,1808],{"id":1807},[260,128001,128002,128008,128014,128018,128022],{},[263,128003,128004],{},[30,128005,126103,128006,1818],{"href":127468},[15,128007,127471],{},[263,128009,128010],{},[30,128011,126103,128012,1818],{"href":123830},[15,128013,123833],{},[263,128015,128016],{},[30,128017,124502],{"href":123358},[263,128019,128020],{},[30,128021,124509],{"href":124271},[263,128023,128024],{},[30,128025,124858],{"href":50861},[1841,128027,128028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":128030},[128031,128032,128034,128035,128040,128041,128047,128048,128049,128057,128067],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":126269,"depth":111,"text":128033},"What endswith() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":126484,"depth":111,"text":126485,"children":128036},[128037,128038,128039],{"id":126398,"depth":136,"text":126398},{"id":35959,"depth":136,"text":35959},{"id":52547,"depth":136,"text":52547},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":126897,"depth":111,"text":126898,"children":128042},[128043,128044,128045,128046],{"id":126901,"depth":136,"text":126902},{"id":126955,"depth":136,"text":126956},{"id":127012,"depth":136,"text":127013},{"id":127066,"depth":136,"text":127067},{"id":123749,"depth":111,"text":123750},{"id":127300,"depth":111,"text":127301},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":128050},[128051,128052,128053,128055],{"id":127480,"depth":136,"text":127481},{"id":127558,"depth":136,"text":127559},{"id":127655,"depth":136,"text":128054},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127743,"depth":136,"text":128056},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":128058},[128059,128061,128063,128065],{"id":127946,"depth":136,"text":128060},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127959,"depth":136,"text":128062},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127971,"depth":136,"text":128064},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127985,"depth":136,"text":128066},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126153,"description":128068},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128075,"title":128076,"body":128077,"description":129745,"extension":1883,"meta":129746,"navigation":152,"path":129747,"seo":129748,"stem":129749,"__hash__":129750},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128078,"toc":129718},[128079,128084,128089,128094,128099,128192,128202,128207,128212,128227,128229,128311,128319,128321,128323,128350,128352,128368,128375,128377,128485,128487,128492,128508,128510,128605,128613,128616,128622,128627,128632,128639,128778,128781,128794,128796,128800,128807,128877,128880,128929,128936,128943,128957,128962,128967,129013,129059,129075,129077,129082,129096,129099,129221,129226,129228,129233,129266,129269,129345,129347,129356,129370,129373,129457,129460,129571,129574,129602,129604,129611,129615,129621,129624,129630,129633,129640,129651,129657,129664,129666,129715],[10,128080,123103,128082,18],{"id":128081},"python-string-find-method",[15,128083,124098],{},[20,128085,123108,128086,128088],{},[15,128087,124098],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128090,128091,128092,117],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128093,65742],{},[20,128095,243,128096,128098],{},[15,128097,124098],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[51,128100,128102],{"className":53,"code":128101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128103,128104,128116,128139,128152,128156,128179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128105,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128107,34573],{"class":66},[60,128109,71],{"class":70},[60,128111,91],{"class":78},[60,128113,60293],{"class":82},[60,128115,3273],{"class":78},[60,128117,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128119,64807],{"class":66},[60,128121,71],{"class":70},[60,128123,42726],{"class":66},[60,128125,117],{"class":74},[60,128127,128128],{"class":120},"find",[60,128130,124],{"class":74},[60,128132,79],{"class":78},[60,128134,60478],{"class":82},[60,128136,79],{"class":78},[60,128138,133],{"class":74},[60,128140,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128142,140],{"class":139},[60,128144,124],{"class":74},[60,128146,64834],{"class":120},[60,128148,174],{"class":74},[60,128150,128151],{"class":177},"   # 6\n",[60,128153,128154],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128155,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128157,128158,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,128159,128160],{"class":66},"missing ",[60,128162,71],{"class":70},[60,128164,42726],{"class":66},[60,128166,117],{"class":74},[60,128168,128128],{"class":120},[60,128170,124],{"class":74},[60,128172,79],{"class":78},[60,128174,55],{"class":82},[60,128176,79],{"class":78},[60,128178,133],{"class":74},[60,128180,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,128182,140],{"class":139},[60,128184,124],{"class":74},[60,128186,26658],{"class":120},[60,128188,174],{"class":74},[60,128190,128191],{"class":177},"    # -1\n",[43465,128193,128194],{},[20,128195,243,128196,128198,128199,128201],{},[15,128197,124098],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128200,65742],{}," if the substring is not found.",[46,128203,250,128205,253],{"id":128204},"what-find-does",[15,128206,124098],{},[20,128208,128209,128211],{},[15,128210,124098],{}," is a string method that:",[260,128213,128214,128217,128220,128225],{},[263,128215,128216],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[263,128218,128219],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[263,128221,274,128222,128224],{},[15,128223,65742],{}," if no match is found",[263,128226,126289],{},[20,128228,2127],{},[51,128230,128232],{"className":53,"code":128231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128233,128234,128246,128250,128274,128298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128235,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128237,34573],{"class":66},[60,128239,71],{"class":70},[60,128241,91],{"class":78},[60,128243,504],{"class":82},[60,128245,3273],{"class":78},[60,128247,128248],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128249,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128251,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128253,140],{"class":139},[60,128255,124],{"class":74},[60,128257,34594],{"class":120},[60,128259,117],{"class":74},[60,128261,128128],{"class":120},[60,128263,124],{"class":74},[60,128265,79],{"class":78},[60,128267,123196],{"class":82},[60,128269,79],{"class":78},[60,128271,5271],{"class":74},[60,128273,57531],{"class":177},[60,128275,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128277,140],{"class":139},[60,128279,124],{"class":74},[60,128281,34594],{"class":120},[60,128283,117],{"class":74},[60,128285,128128],{"class":120},[60,128287,124],{"class":74},[60,128289,79],{"class":78},[60,128291,2093],{"class":82},[60,128293,79],{"class":78},[60,128295,5271],{"class":74},[60,128297,128191],{"class":177},[60,128299,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,128301,140],{"class":139},[60,128303,124],{"class":74},[60,128305,34594],{"class":120},[60,128307,174],{"class":74},[60,128309,128310],{"class":177},"              # banana\n",[20,128312,20660,128313,128316,128317,117],{},[15,128314,128315],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128318,1303],{},[46,128320,296],{"id":295},[20,128322,2079],{},[51,128324,128326],{"className":53,"code":128325,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128327,128328],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128329,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128331,61061],{"class":66},[60,128333,117],{"class":74},[60,128335,128128],{"class":120},[60,128337,124],{"class":74},[60,128339,315],{"class":120},[60,128341,88],{"class":74},[60,128343,35938],{"class":120},[60,128345,88],{"class":74},[60,128347,64928],{"class":120},[60,128349,133],{"class":74},[337,128351,17286],{"id":17285},[260,128353,128354,128358,128363],{},[263,128355,128356,123295],{},[15,128357,315],{},[263,128359,128360,128362],{},[15,128361,35959],{},": optional starting position",[263,128364,128365,128367],{},[15,128366,52547],{},": optional ending position",[20,128369,128370,1776,128372,128374],{},[15,128371,35959],{},[15,128373,52547],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128376,126432],{},[51,128378,128380],{"className":53,"code":128379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128381,128382,128394,128398,128423,128452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128383,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128385,34573],{"class":66},[60,128387,71],{"class":70},[60,128389,91],{"class":78},[60,128391,60293],{"class":82},[60,128393,3273],{"class":78},[60,128395,128396],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128397,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128399,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128401,140],{"class":139},[60,128403,124],{"class":74},[60,128405,34594],{"class":120},[60,128407,117],{"class":74},[60,128409,128128],{"class":120},[60,128411,124],{"class":74},[60,128413,79],{"class":78},[60,128415,60360],{"class":82},[60,128417,79],{"class":78},[60,128419,5271],{"class":74},[60,128421,128422],{"class":177},"        # 4\n",[60,128424,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128426,140],{"class":139},[60,128428,124],{"class":74},[60,128430,34594],{"class":120},[60,128432,117],{"class":74},[60,128434,128128],{"class":120},[60,128436,124],{"class":74},[60,128438,79],{"class":78},[60,128440,60360],{"class":82},[60,128442,79],{"class":78},[60,128444,88],{"class":74},[60,128446,4516],{"class":357},[60,128448,5271],{"class":74},[60,128450,128451],{"class":177},"     # 7\n",[60,128453,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,128455,140],{"class":139},[60,128457,124],{"class":74},[60,128459,34594],{"class":120},[60,128461,117],{"class":74},[60,128463,128128],{"class":120},[60,128465,124],{"class":74},[60,128467,79],{"class":78},[60,128469,60360],{"class":82},[60,128471,79],{"class":78},[60,128473,88],{"class":74},[60,128475,4516],{"class":357},[60,128477,88],{"class":74},[60,128479,5905],{"class":357},[60,128481,5271],{"class":74},[60,128483,128484],{"class":177},"  # -1\n",[46,128486,37904],{"id":37903},[20,128488,57430,128489,128491],{},[15,128490,124098],{}," is always an integer.",[260,128493,128494,128500,128503],{},[263,128495,128496,128497,128499],{},"A number ",[15,128498,2039],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[263,128501,128502],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[263,128504,128505,128507],{},[15,128506,65742],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128509,2127],{},[51,128511,128513],{"className":53,"code":128512,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128514,128515,128527,128531,128556,128581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128516,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128518,34573],{"class":66},[60,128520,71],{"class":70},[60,128522,91],{"class":78},[60,128524,55],{"class":82},[60,128526,3273],{"class":78},[60,128528,128529],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128530,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128550,128552,128554],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128534,140],{"class":139},[60,128536,124],{"class":74},[60,128538,34594],{"class":120},[60,128540,117],{"class":74},[60,128542,128128],{"class":120},[60,128544,124],{"class":74},[60,128546,79],{"class":78},[60,128548,128549],{"class":82},"py",[60,128551,79],{"class":78},[60,128553,5271],{"class":74},[60,128555,20657],{"class":177},[60,128557,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128575,128577,128579],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128559,140],{"class":139},[60,128561,124],{"class":74},[60,128563,34594],{"class":120},[60,128565,117],{"class":74},[60,128567,128128],{"class":120},[60,128569,124],{"class":74},[60,128571,79],{"class":78},[60,128573,128574],{"class":82},"th",[60,128576,79],{"class":78},[60,128578,5271],{"class":74},[60,128580,57531],{"class":177},[60,128582,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,128584,140],{"class":139},[60,128586,124],{"class":74},[60,128588,34594],{"class":120},[60,128590,117],{"class":74},[60,128592,128128],{"class":120},[60,128594,124],{"class":74},[60,128596,79],{"class":78},[60,128598,1457],{"class":82},[60,128600,79],{"class":78},[60,128602,5271],{"class":74},[60,128604,128191],{"class":177},[20,128606,89798,128607,8368,128609,288,128611,117],{},[15,128608,124098],{},[15,128610,3520],{},[15,128612,3588],{},[20,128614,128615],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[46,128617,8331,128618,1776,128620],{"id":65294},[15,128619,35959],{},[15,128621,52547],{},[20,128623,243,128624,128626],{},[15,128625,35959],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128628,243,128629,128631],{},[15,128630,52547],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128633,1900,128634,75350,128636,128638],{},[15,128635,52547],{},[41,128637,64957],{}," in the search.",[51,128640,128642],{"className":53,"code":128641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128643,128644,128657,128661,128685,128714,128746],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128645,128646,128648,128650,128652,128655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128647,34573],{"class":66},[60,128649,71],{"class":70},[60,128651,91],{"class":78},[60,128653,128654],{"class":82},"one two three two",[60,128656,3273],{"class":78},[60,128658,128659],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128660,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128662,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128664,140],{"class":139},[60,128666,124],{"class":74},[60,128668,34594],{"class":120},[60,128670,117],{"class":74},[60,128672,128128],{"class":120},[60,128674,124],{"class":74},[60,128676,79],{"class":78},[60,128678,79159],{"class":82},[60,128680,79],{"class":78},[60,128682,5271],{"class":74},[60,128684,128422],{"class":177},[60,128686,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128688,140],{"class":139},[60,128690,124],{"class":74},[60,128692,34594],{"class":120},[60,128694,117],{"class":74},[60,128696,128128],{"class":120},[60,128698,124],{"class":74},[60,128700,79],{"class":78},[60,128702,79159],{"class":82},[60,128704,79],{"class":78},[60,128706,88],{"class":74},[60,128708,4516],{"class":357},[60,128710,5271],{"class":74},[60,128712,128713],{"class":177},"     # 14\n",[60,128715,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,128717,140],{"class":139},[60,128719,124],{"class":74},[60,128721,34594],{"class":120},[60,128723,117],{"class":74},[60,128725,128128],{"class":120},[60,128727,124],{"class":74},[60,128729,79],{"class":78},[60,128731,79159],{"class":82},[60,128733,79],{"class":78},[60,128735,88],{"class":74},[60,128737,3747],{"class":357},[60,128739,88],{"class":74},[60,128741,5905],{"class":357},[60,128743,5271],{"class":74},[60,128745,50821],{"class":177},[60,128747,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,128749,140],{"class":139},[60,128751,124],{"class":74},[60,128753,34594],{"class":120},[60,128755,117],{"class":74},[60,128757,128128],{"class":120},[60,128759,124],{"class":74},[60,128761,79],{"class":78},[60,128763,79159],{"class":82},[60,128765,79],{"class":78},[60,128767,88],{"class":74},[60,128769,3747],{"class":357},[60,128771,88],{"class":74},[60,128773,373],{"class":357},[60,128775,5271],{"class":74},[60,128777,128484],{"class":177},[20,128779,128780],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128782,128783,128784,54955,128788,117],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[30,128785,128787],{"href":128786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[30,128789,128791,128793],{"href":128790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128792,60418],{}," string method",[46,128795,123750],{"id":123749},[20,128797,128798,123561],{},[15,128799,124098],{},[20,128801,127148,128802,1776,128804,128806],{},[15,128803,90306],{},[15,128805,64422],{}," are treated as different text.",[51,128808,128810],{"className":53,"code":128809,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128811,128812,128825,128829,128853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128813,128814,128816,128818,128820,128823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128815,34573],{"class":66},[60,128817,71],{"class":70},[60,128819,91],{"class":78},[60,128821,128822],{"class":82},"Hello World",[60,128824,3273],{"class":78},[60,128826,128827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128828,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128830,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128832,140],{"class":139},[60,128834,124],{"class":74},[60,128836,34594],{"class":120},[60,128838,117],{"class":74},[60,128840,128128],{"class":120},[60,128842,124],{"class":74},[60,128844,79],{"class":78},[60,128846,34752],{"class":82},[60,128848,79],{"class":78},[60,128850,5271],{"class":74},[60,128852,51133],{"class":177},[60,128854,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,128856,140],{"class":139},[60,128858,124],{"class":74},[60,128860,34594],{"class":120},[60,128862,117],{"class":74},[60,128864,128128],{"class":120},[60,128866,124],{"class":74},[60,128868,79],{"class":78},[60,128870,3759],{"class":82},[60,128872,79],{"class":78},[60,128874,5271],{"class":74},[60,128876,128484],{"class":177},[20,128878,128879],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[51,128881,128883],{"className":53,"code":128882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128884,128885,128897,128901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128886,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128888,34573],{"class":66},[60,128890,71],{"class":70},[60,128892,91],{"class":78},[60,128894,128822],{"class":82},[60,128896,3273],{"class":78},[60,128898,128899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128900,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128902,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128904,140],{"class":139},[60,128906,124],{"class":74},[60,128908,34594],{"class":120},[60,128910,117],{"class":74},[60,128912,8552],{"class":120},[60,128914,8549],{"class":74},[60,128916,128128],{"class":120},[60,128918,124],{"class":74},[60,128920,79],{"class":78},[60,128922,3759],{"class":82},[60,128924,79],{"class":78},[60,128926,5271],{"class":74},[60,128928,51133],{"class":177},[46,128930,128932,474,128934],{"id":128931},"find-vs-index",[15,128933,124098],{},[15,128935,58854],{},[20,128937,128938,1776,128940,128942],{},[15,128939,124098],{},[15,128941,58854],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[260,128944,128945,128951],{},[263,128946,128947,641,128949],{},[15,128948,124098],{},[15,128950,65742],{},[263,128952,128953,52381,128955],{},[15,128954,58854],{},[15,128956,40588],{},[20,128958,243,128959,128961],{},[15,128960,124098],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128963,243,128964,128966],{},[15,128965,58854],{}," when the value must exist.",[51,128968,128970],{"className":53,"code":128969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128971,128972,128984,128988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128973,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128975,34573],{"class":66},[60,128977,71],{"class":70},[60,128979,91],{"class":78},[60,128981,3759],{"class":82},[60,128983,3273],{"class":78},[60,128985,128986],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128987,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,128989,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,128991,140],{"class":139},[60,128993,124],{"class":74},[60,128995,34594],{"class":120},[60,128997,117],{"class":74},[60,128999,128128],{"class":120},[60,129001,124],{"class":74},[60,129003,79],{"class":78},[60,129005,2093],{"class":82},[60,129007,79],{"class":78},[60,129009,5271],{"class":74},[60,129011,129012],{"class":177},"   # -1\n",[51,129014,129016],{"className":53,"code":129015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129017,129018,129030,129034],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129019,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129021,34573],{"class":66},[60,129023,71],{"class":70},[60,129025,91],{"class":78},[60,129027,3759],{"class":82},[60,129029,3273],{"class":78},[60,129031,129032],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129033,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129035,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129037,140],{"class":139},[60,129039,124],{"class":74},[60,129041,34594],{"class":120},[60,129043,117],{"class":74},[60,129045,35732],{"class":120},[60,129047,124],{"class":74},[60,129049,79],{"class":78},[60,129051,2093],{"class":82},[60,129053,79],{"class":78},[60,129055,5271],{"class":74},[60,129057,129058],{"class":177},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129060,129061,129062,129066,129067,129069,129070,117],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[30,129063,129064,128793],{"href":124123},[15,129065,58854],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129068,58854],{},", read ",[30,129071,25565,129072],{"href":73370},[15,129073,129074],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[46,129076,40930],{"id":40929},[20,129078,35291,129079,129081],{},[15,129080,124098],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[260,129083,129084,129087,129090,129093],{},[263,129085,129086],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[263,129088,129089],{},"Get the position of a word",[263,129091,129092],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[263,129094,129095],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129097,129098],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[51,129100,129102],{"className":53,"code":129101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129103,129104,129117,129140,129144,129159,129175,129194,129208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129105,129106,129108,129110,129112,129115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129107,34573],{"class":66},[60,129109,71],{"class":70},[60,129111,91],{"class":78},[60,129113,129114],{"class":82},"name:Alice",[60,129116,3273],{"class":78},[60,129118,129119,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129120,129121],{"class":66},"colon_pos ",[60,129123,71],{"class":70},[60,129125,42726],{"class":66},[60,129127,117],{"class":74},[60,129129,128128],{"class":120},[60,129131,124],{"class":74},[60,129133,79],{"class":78},[60,129135,258],{"class":82},[60,129137,79],{"class":78},[60,129139,133],{"class":74},[60,129141,129142],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129143,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129145,129146,129148,129151,129153,129155,129157],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129147,1154],{"class":1153},[60,129149,129150],{"class":66}," colon_pos ",[60,129152,72480],{"class":70},[60,129154,2142],{"class":70},[60,129156,358],{"class":357},[60,129158,1168],{"class":74},[60,129160,129161,129164,129166,129168,129170,129173],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129162,129163],{"class":66},"    label ",[60,129165,71],{"class":70},[60,129167,42726],{"class":66},[60,129169,75423],{"class":74},[60,129171,129172],{"class":66},"colon_pos",[60,129174,1525],{"class":74},[60,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,129178,27286],{"class":66},[60,129180,71],{"class":70},[60,129182,42726],{"class":66},[60,129184,3812],{"class":74},[60,129186,129121],{"class":66},[60,129188,1979],{"class":70},[60,129190,5408],{"class":357},[60,129192,129193],{"class":74},":]\n",[60,129195,129196,129198,129200,129203,129205],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,129197,7981],{"class":139},[60,129199,124],{"class":74},[60,129201,129202],{"class":120},"label",[60,129204,174],{"class":74},[60,129206,129207],{"class":177},"  # name\n",[60,129209,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,129211,7981],{"class":139},[60,129213,124],{"class":74},[60,129215,315],{"class":120},[60,129217,174],{"class":74},[60,129219,129220],{"class":177},"  # Alice\n",[20,129222,129223,129224,117],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[30,129225,127139],{"href":123358},[46,129227,1245],{"id":1244},[20,129229,129230,129231,258],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129232,124098],{},[260,129234,129235,129244,129250,129255,129261],{},[263,129236,1254,129237,8368,129239,288,129241,129243],{},[15,129238,124098],{},[15,129240,3520],{},[15,129242,3588],{}," instead of an index",[263,129245,129246,129247,129249],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129248,65742],{}," when the substring is missing",[263,129251,8331,129252,129254],{},[15,129253,124098],{}," without handling case differences",[263,129256,1391,129257,1394,129259],{},[15,129258,124098],{},[15,129260,58854],{},[263,129262,4490,129263,129265],{},[15,129264,124098],{}," changes the string",[20,129267,129268],{},"Example of a mistake:",[51,129270,129272],{"className":53,"code":129271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129273,129274,129286,129290,129310,129325,129331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129275,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129277,34573],{"class":66},[60,129279,71],{"class":70},[60,129281,91],{"class":78},[60,129283,3759],{"class":82},[60,129285,3273],{"class":78},[60,129287,129288],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129289,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129291,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129293,1154],{"class":1153},[60,129295,42726],{"class":66},[60,129297,117],{"class":74},[60,129299,128128],{"class":120},[60,129301,124],{"class":74},[60,129303,79],{"class":78},[60,129305,60325],{"class":82},[60,129307,79],{"class":78},[60,129309,8255],{"class":74},[60,129311,129312,129314,129316,129318,129321,129323],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129313,7981],{"class":139},[60,129315,124],{"class":74},[60,129317,79],{"class":78},[60,129319,129320],{"class":82},"Found",[60,129322,79],{"class":78},[60,129324,133],{"class":74},[60,129326,129327,129329],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129328,27319],{"class":1153},[60,129330,1168],{"class":74},[60,129332,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,129334,7981],{"class":139},[60,129336,124],{"class":74},[60,129338,79],{"class":78},[60,129340,26201],{"class":82},[60,129342,79],{"class":78},[60,129344,133],{"class":74},[20,129346,99795],{},[51,129348,129350],{"className":53,"code":129349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Not found\n",[15,129351,129352],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129353,129354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129355,129349],{"class":66},[20,129357,45589,129358,129361,129362,16963,129364,129366,129367,129369],{},[15,129359,129360],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129363,2039],{},[15,129365,2039],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129368,1154],{}," statement.",[20,129371,129372],{},"A safer version is:",[51,129374,129376],{"className":53,"code":129375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129377,129378,129390,129394,129423,129437,129443],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129379,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129381,34573],{"class":66},[60,129383,71],{"class":70},[60,129385,91],{"class":78},[60,129387,3759],{"class":82},[60,129389,3273],{"class":78},[60,129391,129392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129393,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129395,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412,129414,129417,129419,129421],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129397,1154],{"class":1153},[60,129399,42726],{"class":66},[60,129401,117],{"class":74},[60,129403,128128],{"class":120},[60,129405,124],{"class":74},[60,129407,79],{"class":78},[60,129409,60325],{"class":82},[60,129411,79],{"class":78},[60,129413,174],{"class":74},[60,129415,129416],{"class":70}," !=",[60,129418,2142],{"class":70},[60,129420,358],{"class":357},[60,129422,1168],{"class":74},[60,129424,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129426,7981],{"class":139},[60,129428,124],{"class":74},[60,129430,79],{"class":78},[60,129432,129320],{"class":82},[60,129434,79],{"class":78},[60,129436,133],{"class":74},[60,129438,129439,129441],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129440,27319],{"class":1153},[60,129442,1168],{"class":74},[60,129444,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,129446,7981],{"class":139},[60,129448,124],{"class":74},[60,129450,79],{"class":78},[60,129452,26201],{"class":82},[60,129454,79],{"class":78},[60,129456,133],{"class":74},[20,129458,129459],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[51,129461,129463],{"className":53,"code":129462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129464,129465,129487,129501,129527,129541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129466,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129468,140],{"class":139},[60,129470,124],{"class":74},[60,129472,34594],{"class":120},[60,129474,117],{"class":74},[60,129476,128128],{"class":120},[60,129478,124],{"class":74},[60,129480,205],{"class":78},[60,129482,38275],{"class":82},[60,129484,205],{"class":78},[60,129486,1691],{"class":74},[60,129488,129489,129491,129493,129495,129497,129499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129490,140],{"class":139},[60,129492,124],{"class":74},[60,129494,41664],{"class":139},[60,129496,124],{"class":74},[60,129498,34594],{"class":120},[60,129500,1691],{"class":74},[60,129502,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515,129517,129519,129521,129523,129525],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129504,140],{"class":139},[60,129506,124],{"class":74},[60,129508,34594],{"class":120},[60,129510,117],{"class":74},[60,129512,8552],{"class":120},[60,129514,8549],{"class":74},[60,129516,128128],{"class":120},[60,129518,124],{"class":74},[60,129520,205],{"class":78},[60,129522,38275],{"class":82},[60,129524,205],{"class":78},[60,129526,1691],{"class":74},[60,129528,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129530,140],{"class":139},[60,129532,124],{"class":74},[60,129534,11064],{"class":139},[60,129536,124],{"class":74},[60,129538,34594],{"class":120},[60,129540,1691],{"class":74},[60,129542,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129544,140],{"class":139},[60,129546,124],{"class":74},[60,129548,34594],{"class":120},[60,129550,117],{"class":74},[60,129552,128128],{"class":120},[60,129554,124],{"class":74},[60,129556,205],{"class":78},[60,129558,38275],{"class":82},[60,129560,205],{"class":78},[60,129562,88],{"class":74},[60,129564,35938],{"class":120},[60,129566,88],{"class":74},[60,129568,64928],{"class":120},[60,129570,1691],{"class":74},[20,129572,129573],{},"These help you check:",[260,129575,129576,129581,129586,129591,129594],{},[263,129577,129578,129579],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129580,124098],{},[263,129582,129583,129584],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129585,122317],{},[263,129587,129588,129589],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129590,123833],{},[263,129592,129593],{},"The string length",[263,129595,129596,129597,1776,129599,129601],{},"Whether your ",[15,129598,35959],{},[15,129600,52547],{}," values are correct",[46,129603,1746],{"id":1745},[337,129605,129607,129608,129610],{"id":129606},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129609,124098],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129612,1766,129613,117],{},[15,129614,65742],{},[337,129616,12599,129618,129620],{"id":129617},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129619,124098],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129622,129623],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[337,129625,129627,129628,124439],{"id":129626},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129629,124098],{},[20,129631,129632],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[337,129634,1773,129636,1776,129638,69543],{"id":129635},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129637,124098],{},[15,129639,58854],{},[20,129641,129642,641,129644,129646,129647,52381,129649,117],{},[15,129643,124098],{},[15,129645,65742],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129648,58854],{},[15,129650,40588],{},[337,129652,1795,129654,129656],{"id":129653},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129655,124098],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129658,129659,129660,1776,129662,66041],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129661,35959],{},[15,129663,52547],{},[46,129665,1808],{"id":1807},[260,129667,129668,129674,129680,129687,129693,129700,129704,129709],{},[263,129669,129670],{},[30,129671,126103,129672,1818],{"href":124123},[15,129673,58854],{},[263,129675,129676],{},[30,129677,126103,129678,1818],{"href":128790},[15,129679,60418],{},[263,129681,129682],{},[30,129683,126103,129685,1818],{"href":129684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129686,124274],{},[263,129688,129689],{},[30,129690,126103,129691,1818],{"href":127468},[15,129692,127471],{},[263,129694,129695],{},[30,129696,126103,129698,1818],{"href":129697},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129699,126161],{},[263,129701,129702],{},[30,129703,124502],{"href":123358},[263,129705,129706],{},[30,129707,129708],{"href":128786},"How to split a string in Python",[263,129710,129711],{},[30,129712,26008,129713],{"href":73370},[15,129714,129074],{},[1841,129716,129717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":129719},[129720,129722,129725,129726,129727,129728,129730,129731,129732,129744],{"id":128204,"depth":111,"text":129721},"What find() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":129723},[129724],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904},{"id":65294,"depth":111,"text":66077},{"id":123749,"depth":111,"text":123750},{"id":128931,"depth":111,"text":129729},"find() vs index()",{"id":40929,"depth":111,"text":40930},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":129733},[129734,129736,129738,129740,129742],{"id":129606,"depth":136,"text":129735},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129617,"depth":136,"text":129737},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129626,"depth":136,"text":129739},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129635,"depth":136,"text":129741},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129653,"depth":136,"text":129743},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128076,"description":129745},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129752,"title":129753,"body":129754,"description":131680,"extension":1883,"meta":131681,"navigation":152,"path":131682,"seo":131683,"stem":131684,"__hash__":131685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129755,"toc":131648},[129756,129761,129766,129769,129771,129847,129851,129879,129887,129891,129896,129900,129917,129919,129986,129990,130012,130020,130022,130025,130049,130052,130066,130068,130153,130157,130169,130172,130176,130182,130232,130236,130253,130262,130265,130273,130276,130325,130329,130354,130357,130412,130416,130428,130434,130438,130444,130449,130516,130520,130546,130549,130560,130562,130629,130633,130658,130665,130669,130674,130681,130689,130691,130743,130747,130765,130767,130812,130816,130831,130834,130844,130851,130853,130857,130860,130871,130873,130933,130937,130965,130968,130974,130979,130982,130986,131030,131033,131071,131074,131082,131084,131089,131093,131096,131144,131147,131150,131206,131210,131215,131218,131267,131269,131318,131324,131329,131331,131378,131382,131395,131397,131448,131454,131457,131461,131464,131470,131475,131477,131480,131552,131555,131572,131574,131579,131582,131586,131592,131598,131605,131611,131617,131619,131645],[10,129757,123103,129759,18],{"id":129758},"python-string-format-method",[15,129760,126106],{},[20,129762,123108,129763,129765],{},[15,129764,126106],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129767,129768],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[46,129770,49],{"id":48},[51,129772,129774],{"className":53,"code":129773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129775,129776,129788,129796,129800,129837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129777,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129779,7788],{"class":66},[60,129781,71],{"class":70},[60,129783,91],{"class":78},[60,129785,11407],{"class":82},[60,129787,3273],{"class":78},[60,129789,129790,129792,129794],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129791,21517],{"class":66},[60,129793,71],{"class":70},[60,129795,88687],{"class":357},[60,129797,129798],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129799,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129801,129802,129804,129806,129808,129811,129813,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129803,89895],{"class":66},[60,129805,71],{"class":70},[60,129807,91],{"class":78},[60,129809,129810],{"class":82},"My name is ",[60,129812,3705],{"class":357},[60,129814,129815],{"class":82}," and I am ",[60,129817,3705],{"class":357},[60,129819,122099],{"class":82},[60,129821,79],{"class":78},[60,129823,117],{"class":74},[60,129825,129826],{"class":120},"format",[60,129828,124],{"class":74},[60,129830,7580],{"class":120},[60,129832,88],{"class":74},[60,129834,9097],{"class":120},[60,129836,133],{"class":74},[60,129838,129839,129841,129843,129845],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129840,140],{"class":139},[60,129842,124],{"class":74},[60,129844,89912],{"class":120},[60,129846,133],{"class":74},[20,129848,129849],{},[41,129850,404],{},[51,129852,129854],{"className":53,"code":129853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129855,129856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129857,129858,129861,129863,129866,129869,129872,129875,129877],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129859,129860],{"class":66},"My name ",[60,129862,12088],{"class":70},[60,129864,129865],{"class":66}," Maya ",[60,129867,129868],{"class":70},"and",[60,129870,129871],{"class":66}," I am ",[60,129873,129874],{"class":357},"12",[60,129876,122132],{"class":66},[60,129878,122135],{"class":74},[20,129880,243,129881,129883,129884,129886],{},[15,129882,3705],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129885,126106],{}," in the same order.",[20,129888,124855,129889,117],{},[30,129890,124858],{"href":50861},[46,129892,12890,129894,12893],{"id":129893},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129895,126106],{},[20,129897,1900,129898,11313],{},[15,129899,126106],{},[260,129901,129902,129905,129911,129914],{},[263,129903,129904],{},"inserts values into a string",[263,129906,129907,129908,129910],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129909,3705],{}," with given values",[263,129912,129913],{},"returns a new string",[263,129915,129916],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129918,2127],{},[51,129920,129922],{"className":53,"code":129921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129923,129924,129938,129961,129965,129976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129925,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129927,34573],{"class":66},[60,129929,71],{"class":70},[60,129931,91],{"class":78},[60,129933,44787],{"class":82},[60,129935,3705],{"class":357},[60,129937,3273],{"class":78},[60,129939,129940,129943,129945,129947,129949,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129941,129942],{"class":66},"new_text ",[60,129944,71],{"class":70},[60,129946,42726],{"class":66},[60,129948,117],{"class":74},[60,129950,129826],{"class":120},[60,129952,124],{"class":74},[60,129954,79],{"class":78},[60,129956,7589],{"class":82},[60,129958,79],{"class":78},[60,129960,133],{"class":74},[60,129962,129963],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,129964,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,129966,129967,129969,129971,129974],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,129968,140],{"class":139},[60,129970,124],{"class":74},[60,129972,129973],{"class":120},"new_text",[60,129975,133],{"class":74},[60,129977,129978,129980,129982,129984],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,129979,140],{"class":139},[60,129981,124],{"class":74},[60,129983,34594],{"class":120},[60,129985,133],{"class":74},[20,129987,129988],{},[41,129989,404],{},[51,129991,129993],{"className":53,"code":129992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129994,129995,130004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129996,129997,129999,130001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129998,34752],{"class":66},[60,130000,88],{"class":74},[60,130002,130003],{"class":66}," Sam\n",[60,130005,130006,130008,130010],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130007,34752],{"class":66},[60,130009,88],{"class":74},[60,130011,9744],{"class":74},[20,130013,2205,130014,130016,130017,130019],{},[15,130015,34594],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130018,126106],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[46,130021,296],{"id":295},[20,130023,130024],{},"The general form is:",[51,130026,130028],{"className":53,"code":130027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130029,130030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130031,130032,130034,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130033,79],{"class":43213},[60,130035,130036],{"class":43217},"text {}",[60,130038,79],{"class":43213},[60,130040,117],{"class":74},[60,130042,129826],{"class":120},[60,130044,124],{"class":74},[60,130046,315],{"class":120},[60,130048,133],{"class":74},[20,130050,130051],{},"Key idea:",[260,130053,130054,130060,130063],{},[263,130055,130056,130057,130059],{},"each ",[15,130058,3705],{}," is a placeholder",[263,130061,130062],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[263,130064,130065],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130067,2127],{},[51,130069,130071],{"className":53,"code":130070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130072,130073,130086,130100,130104,130142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130074,130075,130078,130080,130082,130084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130076,130077],{"class":66},"animal ",[60,130079,71],{"class":70},[60,130081,91],{"class":78},[60,130083,36931],{"class":82},[60,130085,3273],{"class":78},[60,130087,130088,130091,130093,130095,130098],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130089,130090],{"class":66},"sound ",[60,130092,71],{"class":70},[60,130094,91],{"class":78},[60,130096,130097],{"class":82},"meow",[60,130099,3273],{"class":78},[60,130101,130102],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,130103,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,130105,130106,130109,130111,130113,130115,130117,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130135,130137,130140],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,130107,130108],{"class":66},"sentence ",[60,130110,71],{"class":70},[60,130112,91],{"class":78},[60,130114,1900],{"class":82},[60,130116,3705],{"class":357},[60,130118,130119],{"class":82}," says ",[60,130121,3705],{"class":357},[60,130123,117],{"class":82},[60,130125,79],{"class":78},[60,130127,117],{"class":74},[60,130129,129826],{"class":120},[60,130131,124],{"class":74},[60,130133,130134],{"class":120},"animal",[60,130136,88],{"class":74},[60,130138,130139],{"class":120}," sound",[60,130141,133],{"class":74},[60,130143,130144,130146,130148,130151],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,130145,140],{"class":139},[60,130147,124],{"class":74},[60,130149,130150],{"class":120},"sentence",[60,130152,133],{"class":74},[20,130154,130155],{},[41,130156,404],{},[51,130158,130160],{"className":53,"code":130159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130161,130162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130163,130164,130167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130165,130166],{"class":66},"The cat says meow",[60,130168,122135],{"class":74},[20,130170,130171],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[46,130173,130175],{"id":130174},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130177,130178,130179,130181],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130180,3705],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[51,130183,130185],{"className":53,"code":130184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130186,130187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130188,130189,130191,130193,130195,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130219,130221,130223,130225,130228,130230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130190,140],{"class":139},[60,130192,124],{"class":74},[60,130194,79],{"class":78},[60,130196,130197],{"class":82},"I like ",[60,130199,3705],{"class":357},[60,130201,1776],{"class":82},[60,130203,3705],{"class":357},[60,130205,117],{"class":82},[60,130207,79],{"class":78},[60,130209,117],{"class":74},[60,130211,129826],{"class":120},[60,130213,124],{"class":74},[60,130215,79],{"class":78},[60,130217,130218],{"class":82},"pizza",[60,130220,79],{"class":78},[60,130222,88],{"class":74},[60,130224,91],{"class":78},[60,130226,130227],{"class":82},"pasta",[60,130229,79],{"class":78},[60,130231,1691],{"class":74},[20,130233,130234],{},[41,130235,404],{},[51,130237,130239],{"className":53,"code":130238,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130240,130241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130242,130243,130246,130248,130251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130244,130245],{"class":66},"I like pizza ",[60,130247,129868],{"class":70},[60,130249,130250],{"class":66}," pasta",[60,130252,122135],{"class":74},[20,130254,130255,130256,1776,130259,117],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130257,130258],{},"{0}",[15,130260,130261],{},"{1}",[20,130263,130264],{},"This is helpful when:",[260,130266,130267,130270],{},[263,130268,130269],{},"you want to reuse a value",[263,130271,130272],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130274,130275],{},"Example with reused values:",[51,130277,130279],{"className":53,"code":130278,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130280,130281,130315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130282,130283,130285,130287,130289,130291,130294,130296,130299,130301,130303,130305,130307,130309,130311,130313],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130284,34573],{"class":66},[60,130286,71],{"class":70},[60,130288,91],{"class":78},[60,130290,130258],{"class":357},[60,130292,130293],{"class":82}," is learning Python. ",[60,130295,130258],{"class":357},[60,130297,130298],{"class":82}," likes coding.",[60,130300,79],{"class":78},[60,130302,117],{"class":74},[60,130304,129826],{"class":120},[60,130306,124],{"class":74},[60,130308,79],{"class":78},[60,130310,19771],{"class":82},[60,130312,79],{"class":78},[60,130314,133],{"class":74},[60,130316,130317,130319,130321,130323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130318,140],{"class":139},[60,130320,124],{"class":74},[60,130322,34594],{"class":120},[60,130324,133],{"class":74},[20,130326,130327],{},[41,130328,404],{},[51,130330,130332],{"className":53,"code":130331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130333,130334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130335,130336,130339,130341,130344,130346,130349,130352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130337,130338],{"class":66},"Lina ",[60,130340,12088],{"class":70},[60,130342,130343],{"class":66}," learning Python",[60,130345,117],{"class":74},[60,130347,130348],{"class":1723}," Lina",[60,130350,130351],{"class":66}," likes coding",[60,130353,122135],{"class":74},[20,130355,130356],{},"Example with changed order:",[51,130358,130360],{"className":53,"code":130359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130361,130362,130402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130363,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130365,34573],{"class":66},[60,130367,71],{"class":70},[60,130369,91],{"class":78},[60,130371,130261],{"class":357},[60,130373,83214],{"class":82},[60,130375,130258],{"class":357},[60,130377,117],{"class":82},[60,130379,79],{"class":78},[60,130381,117],{"class":74},[60,130383,129826],{"class":120},[60,130385,124],{"class":74},[60,130387,79],{"class":78},[60,130389,6496],{"class":82},[60,130391,79],{"class":78},[60,130393,88],{"class":74},[60,130395,91],{"class":78},[60,130397,79159],{"class":82},[60,130399,79],{"class":78},[60,130401,133],{"class":74},[60,130403,130404,130406,130408,130410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130405,140],{"class":139},[60,130407,124],{"class":74},[60,130409,34594],{"class":120},[60,130411,133],{"class":74},[20,130413,130414],{},[41,130415,404],{},[51,130417,130419],{"className":53,"code":130418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130420,130421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130422,130423,130426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130424,130425],{"class":66},"two comes after one",[60,130427,122135],{"class":74},[20,130429,130430,130431,130433],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130432,3705],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[46,130435,130437],{"id":130436},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130439,130440,130441,117],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130442,130443],{},"{name}",[20,130445,130446,130447,258],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130448,126106],{},[51,130450,130452],{"className":53,"code":130451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130453,130454,130506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130455,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130469,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500,130502,130504],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130457,34573],{"class":66},[60,130459,71],{"class":70},[60,130461,91],{"class":78},[60,130463,129810],{"class":82},[60,130465,130443],{"class":357},[60,130467,130468],{"class":82}," and I live in ",[60,130470,130471],{"class":357},"{city}",[60,130473,117],{"class":82},[60,130475,79],{"class":78},[60,130477,117],{"class":74},[60,130479,129826],{"class":120},[60,130481,124],{"class":74},[60,130483,7580],{"class":9084},[60,130485,71],{"class":70},[60,130487,79],{"class":78},[60,130489,12774],{"class":82},[60,130491,79],{"class":78},[60,130493,88],{"class":74},[60,130495,31270],{"class":9084},[60,130497,71],{"class":70},[60,130499,79],{"class":78},[60,130501,15922],{"class":82},[60,130503,79],{"class":78},[60,130505,133],{"class":74},[60,130507,130508,130510,130512,130514],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130509,140],{"class":139},[60,130511,124],{"class":74},[60,130513,34594],{"class":120},[60,130515,133],{"class":74},[20,130517,130518],{},[41,130519,404],{},[51,130521,130523],{"className":53,"code":130522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130524,130525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130526,130527,130529,130531,130534,130536,130539,130541,130544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130528,129860],{"class":66},[60,130530,12088],{"class":70},[60,130532,130533],{"class":66}," Ana ",[60,130535,129868],{"class":70},[60,130537,130538],{"class":66}," I live ",[60,130540,1703],{"class":70},[60,130542,130543],{"class":66}," Lima",[60,130545,122135],{"class":74},[20,130547,130548],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[260,130550,130551,130554,130557],{},[263,130552,130553],{},"they make code easier to read",[263,130555,130556],{},"they help when a string has many values",[263,130558,130559],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130561,2127],{},[51,130563,130565],{"className":53,"code":130564,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130566,130567,130619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130568,130569,130572,130574,130576,130579,130582,130585,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130605,130607,130609,130612,130614,130617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130570,130571],{"class":66},"report ",[60,130573,71],{"class":70},[60,130575,91],{"class":78},[60,130577,130578],{"class":82},"Student: ",[60,130580,130581],{"class":357},"{student}",[60,130583,130584],{"class":82},", Score: ",[60,130586,130587],{"class":357},"{score}",[60,130589,79],{"class":78},[60,130591,117],{"class":74},[60,130593,129826],{"class":120},[60,130595,124],{"class":74},[60,130597,13517],{"class":9084},[60,130599,71],{"class":70},[60,130601,79],{"class":78},[60,130603,130604],{"class":82},"Noah",[60,130606,79],{"class":78},[60,130608,88],{"class":74},[60,130610,130611],{"class":9084}," score",[60,130613,71],{"class":70},[60,130615,130616],{"class":357},"95",[60,130618,133],{"class":74},[60,130620,130621,130623,130625,130627],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130622,140],{"class":139},[60,130624,124],{"class":74},[60,130626,127816],{"class":120},[60,130628,133],{"class":74},[20,130630,130631],{},[41,130632,404],{},[51,130634,130636],{"className":53,"code":130635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130637,130638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130639,130640,130643,130645,130648,130650,130653,130655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130641,130642],{"class":66},"Student",[60,130644,258],{"class":74},[60,130646,130647],{"class":66}," Noah",[60,130649,88],{"class":74},[60,130651,130652],{"class":66}," Score",[60,130654,258],{"class":74},[60,130656,130657],{"class":357}," 95\n",[20,130659,130660,130661,117],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[30,130662,3491,130663,3424],{"href":42059},[15,130664,47568],{},[46,130666,130668],{"id":130667},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130670,130671,130673],{},[15,130672,126106],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130675,130676,130677,130680],{},"A common example is ",[15,130678,130679],{},":.2f",", which means:",[260,130682,130683,130686],{},[263,130684,130685],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[263,130687,130688],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130690,2127],{},[51,130692,130694],{"className":53,"code":130693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130695,130696,130704,130733],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130697,130698,130700,130702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130699,40271],{"class":66},[60,130701,71],{"class":70},[60,130703,49161],{"class":357},[60,130705,130706,130708,130710,130712,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130707,34573],{"class":66},[60,130709,71],{"class":70},[60,130711,91],{"class":78},[60,130713,130714],{"class":82},"Price: $",[60,130716,202],{"class":357},[60,130718,130679],{"class":1984},[60,130720,22191],{"class":357},[60,130722,79],{"class":78},[60,130724,117],{"class":74},[60,130726,129826],{"class":120},[60,130728,124],{"class":74},[60,130730,25036],{"class":120},[60,130732,133],{"class":74},[60,130734,130735,130737,130739,130741],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,130736,140],{"class":139},[60,130738,124],{"class":74},[60,130740,34594],{"class":120},[60,130742,133],{"class":74},[20,130744,130745],{},[41,130746,404],{},[51,130748,130750],{"className":53,"code":130749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130751,130752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130753,130754,130757,130759,130762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130755,130756],{"class":66},"Price",[60,130758,258],{"class":74},[60,130760,130761],{"class":37250}," $",[60,130763,130764],{"class":357},"3.50\n",[20,130766,51966],{},[51,130768,130770],{"className":53,"code":130769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130771,130772,130782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130773,130774,130777,130779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130775,130776],{"class":66},"average ",[60,130778,71],{"class":70},[60,130780,130781],{"class":357}," 91.236\n",[60,130783,130784,130786,130788,130790,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130785,140],{"class":139},[60,130787,124],{"class":74},[60,130789,79],{"class":78},[60,130791,130792],{"class":82},"Average: ",[60,130794,202],{"class":357},[60,130796,130679],{"class":1984},[60,130798,22191],{"class":357},[60,130800,79],{"class":78},[60,130802,117],{"class":74},[60,130804,129826],{"class":120},[60,130806,124],{"class":74},[60,130808,130809],{"class":120},"average",[60,130811,1691],{"class":74},[20,130813,130814],{},[41,130815,404],{},[51,130817,130819],{"className":53,"code":130818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130820,130821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130822,130823,130826,130828],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130824,130825],{"class":66},"Average",[60,130827,258],{"class":74},[60,130829,130830],{"class":357}," 91.24\n",[20,130832,130833],{},"This is useful for:",[260,130835,130836,130838,130841],{},[263,130837,82972],{},[263,130839,130840],{},"averages",[263,130842,130843],{},"percentages",[20,130845,130846,130847,117],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[30,130848,3491,130849,2222],{"href":46333},[15,130850,46336],{},[46,130852,17310],{"id":17309},[20,130854,130855,92409],{},[15,130856,126106],{},[20,130858,130859],{},"That means you can:",[260,130861,130862,130865,130868],{},[263,130863,130864],{},"save it in a variable",[263,130866,130867],{},"print it directly",[263,130869,130870],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130872,2127],{},[51,130874,130876],{"className":53,"code":130875,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130877,130878,130909,130919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130879,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130905,130907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130881,89895],{"class":66},[60,130883,71],{"class":70},[60,130885,91],{"class":78},[60,130887,44787],{"class":82},[60,130889,3705],{"class":357},[60,130891,89736],{"class":82},[60,130893,79],{"class":78},[60,130895,117],{"class":74},[60,130897,129826],{"class":120},[60,130899,124],{"class":74},[60,130901,79],{"class":78},[60,130903,130904],{"class":82},"Chris",[60,130906,79],{"class":78},[60,130908,133],{"class":74},[60,130910,130911,130913,130915,130917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130912,140],{"class":139},[60,130914,124],{"class":74},[60,130916,89912],{"class":120},[60,130918,133],{"class":74},[60,130920,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,130922,140],{"class":139},[60,130924,124],{"class":74},[60,130926,1684],{"class":1683},[60,130928,124],{"class":74},[60,130930,89912],{"class":120},[60,130932,1691],{"class":74},[20,130934,130935],{},[41,130936,404],{},[51,130938,130940],{"className":53,"code":130939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130941,130942,130951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130943,130944,130946,130948],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130945,34752],{"class":66},[60,130947,88],{"class":74},[60,130949,130950],{"class":66}," Chris!\n",[60,130952,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130954,3205],{"class":70},[60,130956,3208],{"class":1984},[60,130958,214],{"class":78},[60,130960,3358],{"class":82},[60,130962,205],{"class":78},[60,130964,3217],{"class":70},[20,130966,130967],{},"The original string is not changed.",[46,130969,130971,130973],{"id":130970},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130972,126106],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130975,130976,130978],{},[15,130977,126106],{}," is a string method.",[20,130980,130981],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130983,45925,130984,258],{},[15,130985,126106],{},[51,130987,130989],{"className":53,"code":130988,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130990,130991,131004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130992,130993,130995,130997,130999,131002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130994,7788],{"class":66},[60,130996,71],{"class":70},[60,130998,91],{"class":78},[60,131000,131001],{"class":82},"Rita",[60,131003,3273],{"class":78},[60,131005,131006,131008,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131007,140],{"class":139},[60,131009,124],{"class":74},[60,131011,79],{"class":78},[60,131013,44787],{"class":82},[60,131015,3705],{"class":357},[60,131017,89736],{"class":82},[60,131019,79],{"class":78},[60,131021,117],{"class":74},[60,131023,129826],{"class":120},[60,131025,124],{"class":74},[60,131027,7580],{"class":120},[60,131029,1691],{"class":74},[20,131031,131032],{},"Example with an f-string:",[51,131034,131036],{"className":53,"code":131035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131037,131038,131050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131039,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131041,7788],{"class":66},[60,131043,71],{"class":70},[60,131045,91],{"class":78},[60,131047,131001],{"class":82},[60,131049,3273],{"class":78},[60,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131069],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131053,140],{"class":139},[60,131055,124],{"class":74},[60,131057,22182],{"class":1984},[60,131059,43231],{"class":82},[60,131061,202],{"class":357},[60,131063,7580],{"class":120},[60,131065,22191],{"class":357},[60,131067,131068],{"class":82},"!\"",[60,131070,133],{"class":74},[20,131072,131073],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131075,131076,131077,131079,131080,117],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131078,126106],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[30,131081,89581],{"href":89580},[46,131083,1245],{"id":1244},[20,131085,131086,131087,117],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131088,126106],{},[337,131090,131092],{"id":131091},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131094,131095],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[51,131097,131099],{"className":53,"code":131098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131100,131101,131134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131102,131103,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131104,34573],{"class":66},[60,131106,71],{"class":70},[60,131108,91],{"class":78},[60,131110,44787],{"class":82},[60,131112,3705],{"class":357},[60,131114,131115],{"class":357}," {}",[60,131117,89736],{"class":82},[60,131119,79],{"class":78},[60,131121,117],{"class":74},[60,131123,129826],{"class":120},[60,131125,124],{"class":74},[60,131127,79],{"class":78},[60,131129,7589],{"class":82},[60,131131,79],{"class":78},[60,131133,133],{"class":74},[60,131135,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131137,140],{"class":139},[60,131139,124],{"class":74},[60,131141,34594],{"class":120},[60,131143,133],{"class":74},[20,131145,131146],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131148,131149],{},"Fixed version:",[51,131151,131153],{"className":53,"code":131152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131154,131155,131196],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131156,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131192,131194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131158,34573],{"class":66},[60,131160,71],{"class":70},[60,131162,91],{"class":78},[60,131164,44787],{"class":82},[60,131166,3705],{"class":357},[60,131168,131115],{"class":357},[60,131170,89736],{"class":82},[60,131172,79],{"class":78},[60,131174,117],{"class":74},[60,131176,129826],{"class":120},[60,131178,124],{"class":74},[60,131180,79],{"class":78},[60,131182,7589],{"class":82},[60,131184,79],{"class":78},[60,131186,88],{"class":74},[60,131188,91],{"class":78},[60,131190,131191],{"class":82},"Lee",[60,131193,79],{"class":78},[60,131195,133],{"class":74},[60,131197,131198,131200,131202,131204],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131199,140],{"class":139},[60,131201,124],{"class":74},[60,131203,34594],{"class":120},[60,131205,133],{"class":74},[337,131207,131209],{"id":131208},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131211,131212,131213,117],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131214,126106],{},[20,131216,131217],{},"Problem:",[51,131219,131221],{"className":53,"code":131220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131222,131223,131257],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131224,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131226,34573],{"class":66},[60,131228,71],{"class":70},[60,131230,91],{"class":78},[60,131232,44787],{"class":82},[60,131234,130443],{"class":357},[60,131236,89736],{"class":82},[60,131238,79],{"class":78},[60,131240,117],{"class":74},[60,131242,129826],{"class":120},[60,131244,124],{"class":74},[60,131246,7897],{"class":9084},[60,131248,71],{"class":70},[60,131250,79],{"class":78},[60,131252,7589],{"class":82},[60,131254,79],{"class":78},[60,131256,133],{"class":74},[60,131258,131259,131261,131263,131265],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131260,140],{"class":139},[60,131262,124],{"class":74},[60,131264,34594],{"class":120},[60,131266,133],{"class":74},[20,131268,131149],{},[51,131270,131272],{"className":53,"code":131271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131273,131274,131308],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131277,34573],{"class":66},[60,131279,71],{"class":70},[60,131281,91],{"class":78},[60,131283,44787],{"class":82},[60,131285,130443],{"class":357},[60,131287,89736],{"class":82},[60,131289,79],{"class":78},[60,131291,117],{"class":74},[60,131293,129826],{"class":120},[60,131295,124],{"class":74},[60,131297,7580],{"class":9084},[60,131299,71],{"class":70},[60,131301,79],{"class":78},[60,131303,7589],{"class":82},[60,131305,79],{"class":78},[60,131307,133],{"class":74},[60,131309,131310,131312,131314,131316],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131311,140],{"class":139},[60,131313,124],{"class":74},[60,131315,34594],{"class":120},[60,131317,133],{"class":74},[337,131319,1254,131321,131323],{"id":131320},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131322,126106],{}," to change the original string",[20,131325,131326,131328],{},[15,131327,126106],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131330,131217],{},[51,131332,131334],{"className":53,"code":131333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131335,131336,131350,131368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131337,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131339,34573],{"class":66},[60,131341,71],{"class":70},[60,131343,91],{"class":78},[60,131345,44787],{"class":82},[60,131347,3705],{"class":357},[60,131349,3273],{"class":78},[60,131351,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131353,34594],{"class":66},[60,131355,117],{"class":74},[60,131357,129826],{"class":120},[60,131359,124],{"class":74},[60,131361,79],{"class":78},[60,131363,7589],{"class":82},[60,131365,79],{"class":78},[60,131367,133],{"class":74},[60,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131371,140],{"class":139},[60,131373,124],{"class":74},[60,131375,34594],{"class":120},[60,131377,133],{"class":74},[20,131379,131380],{},[41,131381,404],{},[51,131383,131385],{"className":53,"code":131384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131386,131387],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131388,131389,131391,131393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131390,34752],{"class":66},[60,131392,88],{"class":74},[60,131394,9744],{"class":74},[20,131396,131149],{},[51,131398,131400],{"className":53,"code":131399,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131401,131402,131416,131438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131405,34573],{"class":66},[60,131407,71],{"class":70},[60,131409,91],{"class":78},[60,131411,44787],{"class":82},[60,131413,3705],{"class":357},[60,131415,3273],{"class":78},[60,131417,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131419,34573],{"class":66},[60,131421,71],{"class":70},[60,131423,42726],{"class":66},[60,131425,117],{"class":74},[60,131427,129826],{"class":120},[60,131429,124],{"class":74},[60,131431,79],{"class":78},[60,131433,7589],{"class":82},[60,131435,79],{"class":78},[60,131437,133],{"class":74},[60,131439,131440,131442,131444,131446],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131441,140],{"class":139},[60,131443,124],{"class":74},[60,131445,34594],{"class":120},[60,131447,133],{"class":74},[337,131449,4615,131451,131453],{"id":131450},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131452,126106],{}," returns a new string",[20,131455,131456],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[337,131458,131460],{"id":131459},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131462,131463],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131465,131466,131467,131469],{},"Use simple ",[15,131468,3705],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131471,131472,131473,117],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[30,131474,90294],{"href":90293},[46,131476,67783],{"id":67782},[20,131478,131479],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[51,131481,131483],{"className":53,"code":131482,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131484,131485,131495,131509,131538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131486,131487,131489,131491,131493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131488,140],{"class":139},[60,131490,124],{"class":74},[60,131492,34594],{"class":120},[60,131494,133],{"class":74},[60,131496,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131498,140],{"class":139},[60,131500,124],{"class":74},[60,131502,1684],{"class":1683},[60,131504,124],{"class":74},[60,131506,315],{"class":120},[60,131508,1691],{"class":74},[60,131510,131511,131513,131515,131517,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131512,140],{"class":139},[60,131514,124],{"class":74},[60,131516,79],{"class":78},[60,131518,131519],{"class":82},"Hello ",[60,131521,3705],{"class":357},[60,131523,79],{"class":78},[60,131525,117],{"class":74},[60,131527,129826],{"class":120},[60,131529,124],{"class":74},[60,131531,79],{"class":78},[60,131533,7589],{"class":82},[60,131535,79],{"class":78},[60,131537,1691],{"class":74},[60,131539,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,131541,1713],{"class":139},[60,131543,124],{"class":74},[60,131545,3358],{"class":1683},[60,131547,117],{"class":74},[60,131549,129826],{"class":1723},[60,131551,133],{"class":74},[20,131553,131554],{},"Use them to check:",[260,131556,131557,131560,131563,131566],{},[263,131558,131559],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[263,131561,131562],{},"what type your value has",[263,131564,131565],{},"whether a small test example works",[263,131567,131568,131569],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131570,131571],{},"str.format",[46,131573,1746],{"id":1745},[337,131575,129607,131577,1763],{"id":131576},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131578,126106],{},[20,131580,131581],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[337,131583,131585],{"id":131584},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131587,131588,131589,131591],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131590,3705],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[337,131593,131595,131596,1779],{"id":131594},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131597,126106],{},[20,131599,131600,131601,131604],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131602,131603],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[337,131606,14794,131608,131610],{"id":131607},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131609,126106],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131612,131613,131614,131616],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131615,126106],{}," is still useful and common.",[46,131618,1808],{"id":1807},[260,131620,131621,131625,131629,131635,131641],{},[263,131622,131623],{},[30,131624,124858],{"href":50861},[263,131626,131627],{},[30,131628,90571],{"href":89580},[263,131630,131631],{},[30,131632,3491,131633,3424],{"href":46333},[15,131634,46336],{},[263,131636,131637],{},[30,131638,3491,131639,3424],{"href":42059},[15,131640,47568],{},[263,131642,131643],{},[30,131644,90294],{"href":90293},[1841,131646,131647],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":131649},[131650,131651,131653,131654,131655,131656,131657,131658,131660,131669,131670,131679],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":129893,"depth":111,"text":131652},"What the format() method does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":130174,"depth":111,"text":130175},{"id":130436,"depth":111,"text":130437},{"id":130667,"depth":111,"text":130668},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":130970,"depth":111,"text":131659},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":131661},[131662,131663,131664,131666,131668],{"id":131091,"depth":136,"text":131092},{"id":131208,"depth":136,"text":131209},{"id":131320,"depth":136,"text":131665},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131450,"depth":136,"text":131667},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131459,"depth":136,"text":131460},{"id":67782,"depth":111,"text":67783},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":131671},[131672,131674,131675,131677],{"id":131576,"depth":136,"text":131673},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131584,"depth":136,"text":131585},{"id":131594,"depth":136,"text":131676},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131607,"depth":136,"text":131678},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129753,"description":131680},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131687,"title":131688,"body":131689,"description":133169,"extension":1883,"meta":133170,"navigation":152,"path":133171,"seo":133172,"stem":133173,"__hash__":133174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131690,"toc":133141},[131691,131696,131701,131706,131708,131770,131777,131783,131788,131790,131806,131808,131879,131881,131895,131898,131948,131950,131952,131979,131982,131997,132000,132041,132044,132089,132096,132145,132147,132155,132157,132175,132177,132270,132278,132319,132324,132331,132337,132344,132347,132351,132452,132454,132476,132480,132533,132536,132539,132545,132552,132554,132593,132595,132613,132623,132630,132713,132716,132723,132730,132737,132741,132749,132795,132799,132808,132873,132878,132883,132894,132896,132901,132928,132930,133033,133036,133056,133058,133063,133066,133070,133074,133081,133090,133096,133099,133105,133107,133109,133138],[10,131692,123103,131694,18],{"id":131693},"python-string-index-method",[15,131695,58854],{},[20,131697,123108,131698,131700],{},[15,131699,58854],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131702,131703,131704,117],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131705,40588],{},[46,131707,49],{"id":48},[51,131709,131711],{"className":53,"code":131710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131712,131713,131725,131747,131757,131761,131765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131714,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131716,34573],{"class":66},[60,131718,71],{"class":70},[60,131720,91],{"class":78},[60,131722,60293],{"class":82},[60,131724,3273],{"class":78},[60,131726,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131728,64807],{"class":66},[60,131730,71],{"class":70},[60,131732,42726],{"class":66},[60,131734,117],{"class":74},[60,131736,35732],{"class":120},[60,131738,124],{"class":74},[60,131740,79],{"class":78},[60,131742,60478],{"class":82},[60,131744,79],{"class":78},[60,131746,133],{"class":74},[60,131748,131749,131751,131753,131755],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131750,140],{"class":139},[60,131752,124],{"class":74},[60,131754,64834],{"class":120},[60,131756,133],{"class":74},[60,131758,131759],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,131760,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,131762,131763],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,131764,90712],{"class":177},[60,131766,131767],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,131768,131769],{"class":177},"# 6\n",[20,131771,243,131772,131774,131775,117],{},[15,131773,58854],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131776,40588],{},[46,131778,250,131780,253],{"id":131779},"what-strindex-does",[15,131781,131782],{},"str.index()",[20,131784,131785,131787],{},[15,131786,131782],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131789,12946],{},[260,131791,131792,131795,131798,131801],{},[263,131793,131794],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[263,131796,131797],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[263,131799,131800],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[263,131802,30178,131803,131805],{},[15,131804,40588],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131807,2127],{},[51,131809,131811],{"className":53,"code":131810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131812,131813,131825,131829,131854],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131814,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131816,34573],{"class":66},[60,131818,71],{"class":70},[60,131820,91],{"class":78},[60,131822,504],{"class":82},[60,131824,3273],{"class":78},[60,131826,131827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131828,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,131830,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131832,140],{"class":139},[60,131834,124],{"class":74},[60,131836,34594],{"class":120},[60,131838,117],{"class":74},[60,131840,35732],{"class":120},[60,131842,124],{"class":74},[60,131844,79],{"class":78},[60,131846,30],{"class":82},[60,131848,79],{"class":78},[60,131850,5271],{"class":74},[60,131852,131853],{"class":177},"     # 1\n",[60,131855,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,131857,140],{"class":139},[60,131859,124],{"class":74},[60,131861,34594],{"class":120},[60,131863,117],{"class":74},[60,131865,35732],{"class":120},[60,131867,124],{"class":74},[60,131869,79],{"class":78},[60,131871,123196],{"class":82},[60,131873,79],{"class":78},[60,131875,5271],{"class":74},[60,131877,131878],{"class":177},"    # 2\n",[20,131880,2098],{},[260,131882,131883,131889],{},[263,131884,131885,128316,131887],{},[15,131886,17986],{},[15,131888,358],{},[263,131890,131891,128316,131893],{},[15,131892,128315],{},[15,131894,1303],{},[20,131896,131897],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[51,131899,131901],{"className":53,"code":131900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131902,131903,131915,131919,131943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131904,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131906,34573],{"class":66},[60,131908,71],{"class":70},[60,131910,91],{"class":78},[60,131912,34752],{"class":82},[60,131914,3273],{"class":78},[60,131916,131917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131918,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,131920,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,131922,140],{"class":139},[60,131924,124],{"class":74},[60,131926,34594],{"class":120},[60,131928,117],{"class":74},[60,131930,35732],{"class":120},[60,131932,124],{"class":74},[60,131934,79],{"class":78},[60,131936,51077],{"class":82},[60,131938,79],{"class":78},[60,131940,5271],{"class":74},[60,131942,20657],{"class":177},[60,131944,131945],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,131946,131947],{"class":177},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[46,131949,296],{"id":295},[20,131951,2079],{},[51,131953,131955],{"className":53,"code":131954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131956,131957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131958,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131960,61061],{"class":66},[60,131962,117],{"class":74},[60,131964,35732],{"class":120},[60,131966,124],{"class":74},[60,131968,315],{"class":120},[60,131970,88],{"class":74},[60,131972,35938],{"class":120},[60,131974,88],{"class":74},[60,131976,64928],{"class":120},[60,131978,133],{"class":74},[20,131980,131981],{},"Parameters:",[260,131983,131984,131988,131992],{},[263,131985,131986,123295],{},[15,131987,315],{},[263,131989,131990,128362],{},[15,131991,35959],{},[263,131993,131994,131996],{},[15,131995,52547],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131998,131999],{},"You can use just the value:",[51,132001,132003],{"className":53,"code":132002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132004,132005,132017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132006,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132008,34573],{"class":66},[60,132010,71],{"class":70},[60,132012,91],{"class":78},[60,132014,55],{"class":82},[60,132016,3273],{"class":78},[60,132018,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132020,140],{"class":139},[60,132022,124],{"class":74},[60,132024,34594],{"class":120},[60,132026,117],{"class":74},[60,132028,35732],{"class":120},[60,132030,124],{"class":74},[60,132032,79],{"class":78},[60,132034,63174],{"class":82},[60,132036,79],{"class":78},[60,132038,5271],{"class":74},[60,132040,51301],{"class":177},[20,132042,132043],{},"Or include a start position:",[51,132045,132047],{"className":53,"code":132046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132048,132049,132061],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132050,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132052,34573],{"class":66},[60,132054,71],{"class":70},[60,132056,91],{"class":78},[60,132058,504],{"class":82},[60,132060,3273],{"class":78},[60,132062,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132064,140],{"class":139},[60,132066,124],{"class":74},[60,132068,34594],{"class":120},[60,132070,117],{"class":74},[60,132072,35732],{"class":120},[60,132074,124],{"class":74},[60,132076,79],{"class":78},[60,132078,30],{"class":82},[60,132080,79],{"class":78},[60,132082,88],{"class":74},[60,132084,363],{"class":357},[60,132086,5271],{"class":74},[60,132088,50656],{"class":177},[20,132090,132091,132092,1776,132094,258],{},"Or include both ",[15,132093,35959],{},[15,132095,52547],{},[51,132097,132099],{"className":53,"code":132098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132100,132101,132113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132102,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132104,34573],{"class":66},[60,132106,71],{"class":70},[60,132108,91],{"class":78},[60,132110,504],{"class":82},[60,132112,3273],{"class":78},[60,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132116,140],{"class":139},[60,132118,124],{"class":74},[60,132120,34594],{"class":120},[60,132122,117],{"class":74},[60,132124,35732],{"class":120},[60,132126,124],{"class":74},[60,132128,79],{"class":78},[60,132130,30],{"class":82},[60,132132,79],{"class":78},[60,132134,88],{"class":74},[60,132136,363],{"class":357},[60,132138,88],{"class":74},[60,132140,4516],{"class":357},[60,132142,5271],{"class":74},[60,132144,50656],{"class":177},[46,132146,37904],{"id":37903},[20,132148,28593,132149,132151,132152,117],{},[15,132150,58854],{}," is a ",[41,132153,132154],{},"zero-based index",[20,132156,2026],{},[260,132158,132159,132165,132170],{},[263,132160,132161,132162,132164],{},"Index ",[15,132163,2039],{}," is the first character",[263,132166,132161,132167,132169],{},[15,132168,358],{}," is the second character",[263,132171,132161,132172,132174],{},[15,132173,1303],{}," is the third character",[20,132176,2127],{},[51,132178,132180],{"className":53,"code":132179,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132181,132182,132194,132198,132222,132246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132183,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132185,34573],{"class":66},[60,132187,71],{"class":70},[60,132189,91],{"class":78},[60,132191,36931],{"class":82},[60,132193,3273],{"class":78},[60,132195,132196],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132197,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,132199,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132201,140],{"class":139},[60,132203,124],{"class":74},[60,132205,34594],{"class":120},[60,132207,117],{"class":74},[60,132209,35732],{"class":120},[60,132211,124],{"class":74},[60,132213,79],{"class":78},[60,132215,1437],{"class":82},[60,132217,79],{"class":78},[60,132219,5271],{"class":74},[60,132221,51133],{"class":177},[60,132223,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,132225,140],{"class":139},[60,132227,124],{"class":74},[60,132229,34594],{"class":120},[60,132231,117],{"class":74},[60,132233,35732],{"class":120},[60,132235,124],{"class":74},[60,132237,79],{"class":78},[60,132239,30],{"class":82},[60,132241,79],{"class":78},[60,132243,5271],{"class":74},[60,132245,27665],{"class":177},[60,132247,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,132249,140],{"class":139},[60,132251,124],{"class":74},[60,132253,34594],{"class":120},[60,132255,117],{"class":74},[60,132257,35732],{"class":120},[60,132259,124],{"class":74},[60,132261,79],{"class":78},[60,132263,63174],{"class":82},[60,132265,79],{"class":78},[60,132267,5271],{"class":74},[60,132269,51301],{"class":177},[20,132271,132272,132274,132275,132277],{},[15,132273,58854],{}," returns only the ",[41,132276,29794],{}," matching position.",[51,132279,132281],{"className":53,"code":132280,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132282,132283,132295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132284,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132286,34573],{"class":66},[60,132288,71],{"class":70},[60,132290,91],{"class":78},[60,132292,504],{"class":82},[60,132294,3273],{"class":78},[60,132296,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132298,140],{"class":139},[60,132300,124],{"class":74},[60,132302,34594],{"class":120},[60,132304,117],{"class":74},[60,132306,35732],{"class":120},[60,132308,124],{"class":74},[60,132310,79],{"class":78},[60,132312,30],{"class":82},[60,132314,79],{"class":78},[60,132316,5271],{"class":74},[60,132318,27665],{"class":177},[20,132320,20867,132321,132323],{},[15,132322,17986],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132325,132326,132327,117],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[30,132328,132329,1818],{"href":124553},[15,132330,58476],{},[46,132332,8331,132333,1776,132335],{"id":65294},[15,132334,35959],{},[15,132336,52547],{},[20,132338,1900,132339,1776,132341,132343],{},[15,132340,35959],{},[15,132342,52547],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132345,132346],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132348,45925,132349,258],{},[15,132350,35959],{},[51,132352,132354],{"className":53,"code":132353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132355,132356,132368,132372,132396,132424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132357,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132359,34573],{"class":66},[60,132361,71],{"class":70},[60,132363,91],{"class":78},[60,132365,504],{"class":82},[60,132367,3273],{"class":78},[60,132369,132370],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132371,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,132373,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132375,140],{"class":139},[60,132377,124],{"class":74},[60,132379,34594],{"class":120},[60,132381,117],{"class":74},[60,132383,35732],{"class":120},[60,132385,124],{"class":74},[60,132387,79],{"class":78},[60,132389,30],{"class":82},[60,132391,79],{"class":78},[60,132393,5271],{"class":74},[60,132395,51006],{"class":177},[60,132397,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,132399,140],{"class":139},[60,132401,124],{"class":74},[60,132403,34594],{"class":120},[60,132405,117],{"class":74},[60,132407,35732],{"class":120},[60,132409,124],{"class":74},[60,132411,79],{"class":78},[60,132413,30],{"class":82},[60,132415,79],{"class":78},[60,132417,88],{"class":74},[60,132419,363],{"class":357},[60,132421,5271],{"class":74},[60,132423,50855],{"class":177},[60,132425,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,132427,140],{"class":139},[60,132429,124],{"class":74},[60,132431,34594],{"class":120},[60,132433,117],{"class":74},[60,132435,35732],{"class":120},[60,132437,124],{"class":74},[60,132439,79],{"class":78},[60,132441,30],{"class":82},[60,132443,79],{"class":78},[60,132445,88],{"class":74},[60,132447,373],{"class":357},[60,132449,5271],{"class":74},[60,132451,50639],{"class":177},[20,132453,19846],{},[260,132455,132456,132463,132469],{},[263,132457,132458,132459,65484,132461],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132460,17986],{},[15,132462,358],{},[263,132464,132465,132466,132468],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132467,1303],{}," skips that first match",[263,132470,132465,132471,132473,132474],{},[15,132472,2421],{}," finds the last ",[15,132475,17986],{},[20,132477,45925,132478,258],{},[15,132479,52547],{},[51,132481,132483],{"className":53,"code":132482,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132484,132485,132497,132501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132486,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132488,34573],{"class":66},[60,132490,71],{"class":70},[60,132492,91],{"class":78},[60,132494,504],{"class":82},[60,132496,3273],{"class":78},[60,132498,132499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132500,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,132502,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132504,140],{"class":139},[60,132506,124],{"class":74},[60,132508,34594],{"class":120},[60,132510,117],{"class":74},[60,132512,35732],{"class":120},[60,132514,124],{"class":74},[60,132516,79],{"class":78},[60,132518,75918],{"class":82},[60,132520,79],{"class":78},[60,132522,88],{"class":74},[60,132524,3747],{"class":357},[60,132526,88],{"class":74},[60,132528,373],{"class":357},[60,132530,5271],{"class":74},[60,132532,51301],{"class":177},[20,132534,132535],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132537,132538],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[46,132540,44098,132542,132544],{"id":132541},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132543,58854],{}," causes an error",[20,132546,132547,132548,52381,132550,117],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132549,58854],{},[15,132551,40588],{},[20,132553,2127],{},[51,132555,132557],{"className":53,"code":132556,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132558,132559,132571],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132562,34573],{"class":66},[60,132564,71],{"class":70},[60,132566,91],{"class":78},[60,132568,3759],{"class":82},[60,132570,3273],{"class":78},[60,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132574,140],{"class":139},[60,132576,124],{"class":74},[60,132578,34594],{"class":120},[60,132580,117],{"class":74},[60,132582,35732],{"class":120},[60,132584,124],{"class":74},[60,132586,79],{"class":78},[60,132588,1457],{"class":82},[60,132590,79],{"class":78},[60,132592,1691],{"class":74},[20,132594,404],{},[51,132596,132598],{"className":53,"code":132597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132599,132600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132601,132602,132604,132606,132609,132611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132603,40588],{"class":1683},[60,132605,258],{"class":74},[60,132607,132608],{"class":66}," substring ",[60,132610,43],{"class":70},[60,132612,65717],{"class":66},[20,132614,53227,132615,126069,132620,132622],{},[30,132616,132617],{"href":129747},[15,132618,132619],{},"str.find()",[15,132621,65742],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132624,132625,132626,1776,132628,258],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132627,29689],{},[15,132629,29720],{},[51,132631,132633],{"className":53,"code":132632,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132634,132635,132647,132651,132657,132680,132690,132698],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132636,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132638,34573],{"class":66},[60,132640,71],{"class":70},[60,132642,91],{"class":78},[60,132644,3759],{"class":82},[60,132646,3273],{"class":78},[60,132648,132649],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132650,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,132652,132653,132655],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132654,29689],{"class":1153},[60,132656,1168],{"class":74},[60,132658,132659,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,132660,132661],{"class":66},"    position ",[60,132663,71],{"class":70},[60,132665,42726],{"class":66},[60,132667,117],{"class":74},[60,132669,35732],{"class":120},[60,132671,124],{"class":74},[60,132673,79],{"class":78},[60,132675,1457],{"class":82},[60,132677,79],{"class":78},[60,132679,133],{"class":74},[60,132681,132682,132684,132686,132688],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,132683,7981],{"class":139},[60,132685,124],{"class":74},[60,132687,64834],{"class":120},[60,132689,133],{"class":74},[60,132691,132692,132694,132696],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,132693,29720],{"class":1153},[60,132695,41811],{"class":1683},[60,132697,1168],{"class":74},[60,132699,132700,132702,132704,132706,132709,132711],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,132701,7981],{"class":139},[60,132703,124],{"class":74},[60,132705,79],{"class":78},[60,132707,132708],{"class":82},"Substring not found",[60,132710,79],{"class":78},[60,132712,133],{"class":74},[20,132714,132715],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132717,41831,132718,117],{},[30,132719,25565,132721],{"href":132720},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132722,129074],{},[46,132724,132726,474,132728],{"id":132725},"index-vs-find",[15,132727,58854],{},[15,132729,124098],{},[20,132731,132732,1776,132734,132736],{},[15,132733,58854],{},[15,132735,124098],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[337,132738,132739],{"id":35732},[15,132740,58854],{},[260,132742,132743,132746],{},[263,132744,132745],{},"Returns the first match position",[263,132747,132748],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[51,132750,132752],{"className":53,"code":132751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132753,132754,132766,132790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132755,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132757,34573],{"class":66},[60,132759,71],{"class":70},[60,132761,91],{"class":78},[60,132763,3759],{"class":82},[60,132765,3273],{"class":78},[60,132767,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132769,140],{"class":139},[60,132771,124],{"class":74},[60,132773,34594],{"class":120},[60,132775,117],{"class":74},[60,132777,35732],{"class":120},[60,132779,124],{"class":74},[60,132781,79],{"class":78},[60,132783,60334],{"class":82},[60,132785,79],{"class":78},[60,132787,5271],{"class":74},[60,132789,27665],{"class":177},[60,132791,132792],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132793,132794],{"class":177},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[337,132796,132797],{"id":128128},[15,132798,124098],{},[260,132800,132801,132803],{},[263,132802,132745],{},[263,132804,274,132805,132807],{},[15,132806,65742],{}," if nothing is found",[51,132809,132811],{"className":53,"code":132810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132812,132813,132825,132849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132814,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132816,34573],{"class":66},[60,132818,71],{"class":70},[60,132820,91],{"class":78},[60,132822,3759],{"class":82},[60,132824,3273],{"class":78},[60,132826,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132828,140],{"class":139},[60,132830,124],{"class":74},[60,132832,34594],{"class":120},[60,132834,117],{"class":74},[60,132836,128128],{"class":120},[60,132838,124],{"class":74},[60,132840,79],{"class":78},[60,132842,60334],{"class":82},[60,132844,79],{"class":78},[60,132846,5271],{"class":74},[60,132848,27665],{"class":177},[60,132850,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132852,140],{"class":139},[60,132854,124],{"class":74},[60,132856,34594],{"class":120},[60,132858,117],{"class":74},[60,132860,128128],{"class":120},[60,132862,124],{"class":74},[60,132864,79],{"class":78},[60,132866,1457],{"class":82},[60,132868,79],{"class":78},[60,132870,5271],{"class":74},[60,132872,128484],{"class":177},[20,132874,243,132875,132877],{},[15,132876,58854],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132879,243,132880,132882],{},[15,132881,124098],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132884,132885,132886,288,132891,117],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[30,132887,132888,132890],{"href":129747},[15,132889,132619],{}," method reference",[30,132892,127139],{"href":132893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[46,132895,1245],{"id":1244},[20,132897,132898,132899,258],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132900,58854],{},[260,132902,132903,132906,132913,132918,132923],{},[263,132904,132905],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[263,132907,1254,132908,8368,132910,132912],{},[15,132909,58854],{},[15,132911,65742],{}," when no match exists",[263,132914,8331,132915,132917],{},[15,132916,58854],{}," on a value that may not be present",[263,132919,132920,132921],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132922,358],{},[263,132924,4490,132925,132927],{},[15,132926,58854],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132929,62182],{},[51,132931,132933],{"className":53,"code":132932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132934,132935,132945,132959,132981,133003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132936,132937,132939,132941,132943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132938,140],{"class":139},[60,132940,124],{"class":74},[60,132942,34594],{"class":120},[60,132944,133],{"class":74},[60,132946,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132948,140],{"class":139},[60,132950,124],{"class":74},[60,132952,41664],{"class":139},[60,132954,124],{"class":74},[60,132956,34594],{"class":120},[60,132958,1691],{"class":74},[60,132960,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,132962,140],{"class":139},[60,132964,124],{"class":74},[60,132966,34594],{"class":120},[60,132968,117],{"class":74},[60,132970,35732],{"class":120},[60,132972,124],{"class":74},[60,132974,79],{"class":78},[60,132976,315],{"class":82},[60,132978,79],{"class":78},[60,132980,1691],{"class":74},[60,132982,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,132984,140],{"class":139},[60,132986,124],{"class":74},[60,132988,34594],{"class":120},[60,132990,117],{"class":74},[60,132992,128128],{"class":120},[60,132994,124],{"class":74},[60,132996,79],{"class":78},[60,132998,315],{"class":82},[60,133000,79],{"class":78},[60,133002,1691],{"class":74},[60,133004,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,133006,140],{"class":139},[60,133008,124],{"class":74},[60,133010,34594],{"class":120},[60,133012,117],{"class":74},[60,133014,35732],{"class":120},[60,133016,124],{"class":74},[60,133018,79],{"class":78},[60,133020,315],{"class":82},[60,133022,79],{"class":78},[60,133024,88],{"class":74},[60,133026,35938],{"class":120},[60,133028,88],{"class":74},[60,133030,64928],{"class":120},[60,133032,1691],{"class":74},[20,133034,133035],{},"Tips:",[260,133037,133038,133043,133048,133051],{},[263,133039,243,133040,133042],{},[15,133041,126025],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[263,133044,243,133045,133047],{},[15,133046,124098],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[263,133049,133050],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[263,133052,133053,133054],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133055,2039],{},[46,133057,1746],{"id":1745},[337,133059,129607,133061,1763],{"id":133060},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133062,58854],{},[20,133064,133065],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[337,133067,133069],{"id":133068},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133071,76746,133072,117],{},[15,133073,40588],{},[337,133075,1773,133077,1776,133079,1779],{"id":133076},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133078,58854],{},[15,133080,124098],{},[20,133082,133083,133085,133086,641,133088,6542],{},[15,133084,58854],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133087,124098],{},[15,133089,65742],{},[337,133091,5079,133093,133095],{"id":133092},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133094,58854],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133097,133098],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[337,133100,133102,133103,124439],{"id":133101},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133104,58854],{},[20,133106,129632],{},[46,133108,1808],{"id":1807},[260,133110,133111,133117,133121,133126,133132],{},[263,133112,133113],{},[30,133114,133115,1818],{"href":129747},[15,133116,132619],{},[263,133118,133119],{},[30,133120,124502],{"href":132893},[263,133122,133123],{},[30,133124,129708],{"href":133125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[263,133127,133128],{},[30,133129,133130,1818],{"href":124553},[15,133131,58476],{},[263,133133,133134],{},[30,133135,30232,133136],{"href":132720},[15,133137,129074],{},[1841,133139,133140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":133142},[133143,133144,133146,133147,133148,133149,133151,133156,133157,133168],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":131779,"depth":111,"text":133145},"What str.index() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904},{"id":65294,"depth":111,"text":66077},{"id":132541,"depth":111,"text":133150},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132725,"depth":111,"text":133152,"children":133153},"index() vs find()",[133154,133155],{"id":35732,"depth":136,"text":58854},{"id":128128,"depth":136,"text":124098},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":133158},[133159,133161,133162,133164,133166],{"id":133060,"depth":136,"text":133160},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133068,"depth":136,"text":133069},{"id":133076,"depth":136,"text":133163},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133092,"depth":136,"text":133165},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133101,"depth":136,"text":133167},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131688,"description":133169},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133176,"title":133177,"body":133178,"description":135953,"extension":1883,"meta":135954,"navigation":152,"path":135955,"seo":135956,"stem":135957,"__hash__":135958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133179,"toc":135889},[133180,133186,133191,133194,133197,133208,133210,133279,133281,133295,133300,133305,133310,133312,133355,133357,133440,133442,133488,133494,133496,133498,133518,133520,133543,133545,133619,133621,133640,133645,133647,133651,133723,133725,133739,133743,133819,133821,133840,133844,133938,133940,133949,133956,134032,134034,134052,134056,134059,134066,134115,134117,134126,134133,134192,134194,134212,134215,134222,134281,134283,134301,134308,134365,134367,134376,134380,134385,134389,134448,134450,134468,134472,134519,134524,134527,134596,134598,134615,134622,134628,134683,134688,134691,134768,134770,134788,134794,134800,134860,134862,134881,134887,134890,134897,134950,134955,134957,135018,135027,135034,135036,135093,135098,135100,135171,135175,135230,135232,135241,135246,135252,135321,135323,135355,135361,135369,135376,135382,135447,135449,135458,135464,135545,135547,135556,135561,135575,135582,135586,135591,135619,135621,135754,135757,135794,135796,135802,135811,135816,135819,135824,135829,135835,135838,135847,135850,135852,135881,135886],[10,133181,123103,133183,18],{"id":133182},"python-string-join-method",[15,133184,133185],{},"join()",[20,133187,123108,133188,133190],{},[15,133189,133185],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133192,133193],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133195,133196],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[260,133198,133199,133205],{},[263,133200,133201,133202,133204],{},"You call ",[15,133203,133185],{}," on the separator string",[263,133206,133207],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[46,133209,3525],{"id":3524},[51,133211,133213],{"className":53,"code":133212,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133214,133215,133248,133269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133244,133246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133218,3983],{"class":66},[60,133220,71],{"class":70},[60,133222,1512],{"class":74},[60,133224,79],{"class":78},[60,133226,7208],{"class":82},[60,133228,79],{"class":78},[60,133230,88],{"class":74},[60,133232,91],{"class":78},[60,133234,12088],{"class":82},[60,133236,79],{"class":78},[60,133238,88],{"class":74},[60,133240,91],{"class":78},[60,133242,133243],{"class":82},"fun",[60,133245,79],{"class":78},[60,133247,1525],{"class":74},[60,133249,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133263,133265,133267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133251,688],{"class":66},[60,133253,71],{"class":70},[60,133255,91],{"class":78},[60,133257,91],{"class":78},[60,133259,117],{"class":74},[60,133261,133262],{"class":120},"join",[60,133264,124],{"class":74},[60,133266,4025],{"class":120},[60,133268,133],{"class":74},[60,133270,133271,133273,133275,133277],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133272,140],{"class":139},[60,133274,124],{"class":74},[60,133276,720],{"class":120},[60,133278,133],{"class":74},[20,133280,404],{},[51,133282,133284],{"className":53,"code":133283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is fun\n",[15,133285,133286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133287,133288,133290,133292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133289,3491],{"class":66},[60,133291,12088],{"class":70},[60,133293,133294],{"class":66}," fun\n",[20,133296,243,133297,133299],{},[15,133298,133185],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[46,133301,250,133303,253],{"id":133302},"what-join-does",[15,133304,133185],{},[20,133306,133307,133309],{},[15,133308,133185],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133311,11358],{},[260,133313,133314,133321,133349,133352],{},[263,133315,133316,133317,133320],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133318,133319],{},".join()"," as the separator",[263,133322,133323,133324],{},"Common separators are:\n",[260,133325,133326,133332,133338,133344],{},[263,133327,133328,133331],{},[15,133329,133330],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[263,133333,133334,133337],{},[15,133335,133336],{},"\", \""," for commas",[263,133339,133340,133343],{},[15,133341,133342],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[263,133345,133346,133348],{},[15,133347,6184],{}," for no separator",[263,133350,133351],{},"It returns a new string",[263,133353,133354],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133356,2127],{},[51,133358,133360],{"className":53,"code":133359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133361,133362,133394,133416,133420,133430],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133363,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133365,3983],{"class":66},[60,133367,71],{"class":70},[60,133369,1512],{"class":74},[60,133371,79],{"class":78},[60,133373,83],{"class":82},[60,133375,79],{"class":78},[60,133377,88],{"class":74},[60,133379,91],{"class":78},[60,133381,103],{"class":82},[60,133383,79],{"class":78},[60,133385,88],{"class":74},[60,133387,91],{"class":78},[60,133389,94],{"class":82},[60,133391,79],{"class":78},[60,133393,1525],{"class":74},[60,133395,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133397,688],{"class":66},[60,133399,71],{"class":70},[60,133401,91],{"class":78},[60,133403,36],{"class":82},[60,133405,79],{"class":78},[60,133407,117],{"class":74},[60,133409,133262],{"class":120},[60,133411,124],{"class":74},[60,133413,4025],{"class":120},[60,133415,133],{"class":74},[60,133417,133418],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133419,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,133421,133422,133424,133426,133428],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,133423,140],{"class":139},[60,133425,124],{"class":74},[60,133427,720],{"class":120},[60,133429,133],{"class":74},[60,133431,133432,133434,133436,133438],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,133433,140],{"class":139},[60,133435,124],{"class":74},[60,133437,4025],{"class":120},[60,133439,133],{"class":74},[20,133441,404],{},[51,133443,133445],{"className":53,"code":133444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133446,133447,133460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133448,133449,133451,133453,133456,133458],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133450,83],{"class":66},[60,133452,88],{"class":74},[60,133454,133455],{"class":66}," green",[60,133457,88],{"class":74},[60,133459,35767],{"class":66},[60,133461,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133463,3812],{"class":74},[60,133465,205],{"class":78},[60,133467,83],{"class":82},[60,133469,205],{"class":78},[60,133471,88],{"class":74},[60,133473,214],{"class":78},[60,133475,103],{"class":82},[60,133477,205],{"class":78},[60,133479,88],{"class":74},[60,133481,214],{"class":78},[60,133483,94],{"class":82},[60,133485,205],{"class":78},[60,133487,1525],{"class":74},[20,133489,133490,133491,133493],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133492,133185],{}," creates a new string.",[46,133495,296],{"id":295},[20,133497,7129],{},[51,133499,133501],{"className":53,"code":133500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133502,133503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133504,133505,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133506,133507],{"class":66},"separator",[60,133509,117],{"class":74},[60,133511,133262],{"class":120},[60,133513,124],{"class":74},[60,133515,3634],{"class":120},[60,133517,133],{"class":74},[337,133519,48895],{"id":48894},[260,133521,133522,133535,133540],{},[263,133523,133524,133526,133527,36,133529,36,133531,2112,133533],{},[15,133525,133507],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133528,133330],{},[15,133530,133336],{},[15,133532,133342],{},[15,133534,6184],{},[263,133536,133537,133539],{},[15,133538,3634],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[263,133541,133542],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133544,2127],{},[51,133546,133548],{"className":53,"code":133547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133549,133550,133582,133605,133609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133551,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133553,4905],{"class":66},[60,133555,71],{"class":70},[60,133557,1512],{"class":74},[60,133559,79],{"class":78},[60,133561,12774],{"class":82},[60,133563,79],{"class":78},[60,133565,88],{"class":74},[60,133567,91],{"class":78},[60,133569,35827],{"class":82},[60,133571,79],{"class":78},[60,133573,88],{"class":74},[60,133575,91],{"class":78},[60,133577,35836],{"class":82},[60,133579,79],{"class":78},[60,133581,1525],{"class":74},[60,133583,133584,133586,133588,133590,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133585,688],{"class":66},[60,133587,71],{"class":70},[60,133589,91],{"class":78},[60,133591,133592],{"class":82}," | ",[60,133594,79],{"class":78},[60,133596,117],{"class":74},[60,133598,133262],{"class":120},[60,133600,124],{"class":74},[60,133602,4949],{"class":120},[60,133604,133],{"class":74},[60,133606,133607],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133608,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,133610,133611,133613,133615,133617],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,133612,140],{"class":139},[60,133614,124],{"class":74},[60,133616,720],{"class":120},[60,133618,133],{"class":74},[20,133620,404],{},[51,133622,133624],{"className":53,"code":133623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133625,133626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133627,133628,133631,133633,133636,133638],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133629,133630],{"class":66},"Ana ",[60,133632,113610],{"class":70},[60,133634,133635],{"class":66}," Ben ",[60,133637,113610],{"class":70},[60,133639,35908],{"class":66},[20,133641,133642,133643,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[30,133644,124858],{"href":50861},[46,133646,121634],{"id":121633},[337,133648,133650],{"id":133649},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[51,133652,133654],{"className":53,"code":133653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133655,133656,133689,133709,133713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133657,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133685,133687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133659,3983],{"class":66},[60,133661,71],{"class":70},[60,133663,1512],{"class":74},[60,133665,79],{"class":78},[60,133667,7208],{"class":82},[60,133669,79],{"class":78},[60,133671,88],{"class":74},[60,133673,91],{"class":78},[60,133675,12088],{"class":82},[60,133677,79],{"class":78},[60,133679,88],{"class":74},[60,133681,91],{"class":78},[60,133683,133684],{"class":82},"easy",[60,133686,79],{"class":78},[60,133688,1525],{"class":74},[60,133690,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133692,688],{"class":66},[60,133694,71],{"class":70},[60,133696,91],{"class":78},[60,133698,91],{"class":78},[60,133700,117],{"class":74},[60,133702,133262],{"class":120},[60,133704,124],{"class":74},[60,133706,4025],{"class":120},[60,133708,133],{"class":74},[60,133710,133711],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133712,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,133714,133715,133717,133719,133721],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,133716,140],{"class":139},[60,133718,124],{"class":74},[60,133720,720],{"class":120},[60,133722,133],{"class":74},[20,133724,404],{},[51,133726,133728],{"className":53,"code":133727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is easy\n",[15,133729,133730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133731,133732,133734,133736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133733,3491],{"class":66},[60,133735,12088],{"class":70},[60,133737,133738],{"class":66}," easy\n",[337,133740,133742],{"id":133741},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[51,133744,133746],{"className":53,"code":133745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133747,133748,133783,133805,133809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133749,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133761,133763,133765,133767,133770,133772,133774,133776,133779,133781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133751,486],{"class":66},[60,133753,71],{"class":70},[60,133755,1512],{"class":74},[60,133757,79],{"class":78},[60,133759,133760],{"class":82},"apples",[60,133762,79],{"class":78},[60,133764,88],{"class":74},[60,133766,91],{"class":78},[60,133768,133769],{"class":82},"bananas",[60,133771,79],{"class":78},[60,133773,88],{"class":74},[60,133775,91],{"class":78},[60,133777,133778],{"class":82},"oranges",[60,133780,79],{"class":78},[60,133782,1525],{"class":74},[60,133784,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133786,688],{"class":66},[60,133788,71],{"class":70},[60,133790,91],{"class":78},[60,133792,36],{"class":82},[60,133794,79],{"class":78},[60,133796,117],{"class":74},[60,133798,133262],{"class":120},[60,133800,124],{"class":74},[60,133802,517],{"class":120},[60,133804,133],{"class":74},[60,133806,133807],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133808,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,133812,140],{"class":139},[60,133814,124],{"class":74},[60,133816,720],{"class":120},[60,133818,133],{"class":74},[20,133820,404],{},[51,133822,133824],{"className":53,"code":133823,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133825,133826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133827,133828,133830,133832,133835,133837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133829,133760],{"class":66},[60,133831,88],{"class":74},[60,133833,133834],{"class":66}," bananas",[60,133836,88],{"class":74},[60,133838,133839],{"class":66}," oranges\n",[337,133841,133843],{"id":133842},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[51,133845,133847],{"className":53,"code":133846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133848,133849,133906,133924,133928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133850,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133852,1411],{"class":66},[60,133854,71],{"class":70},[60,133856,1512],{"class":74},[60,133858,79],{"class":78},[60,133860,133861],{"class":82},"P",[60,133863,79],{"class":78},[60,133865,88],{"class":74},[60,133867,91],{"class":78},[60,133869,11640],{"class":82},[60,133871,79],{"class":78},[60,133873,88],{"class":74},[60,133875,91],{"class":78},[60,133877,63174],{"class":82},[60,133879,79],{"class":78},[60,133881,88],{"class":74},[60,133883,91],{"class":78},[60,133885,60325],{"class":82},[60,133887,79],{"class":78},[60,133889,88],{"class":74},[60,133891,91],{"class":78},[60,133893,60360],{"class":82},[60,133895,79],{"class":78},[60,133897,88],{"class":74},[60,133899,91],{"class":78},[60,133901,75918],{"class":82},[60,133903,79],{"class":78},[60,133905,1525],{"class":74},[60,133907,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133909,688],{"class":66},[60,133911,71],{"class":70},[60,133913,6038],{"class":78},[60,133915,117],{"class":74},[60,133917,133262],{"class":120},[60,133919,124],{"class":74},[60,133921,1446],{"class":120},[60,133923,133],{"class":74},[60,133925,133926],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,133927,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,133929,133930,133932,133934,133936],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,133931,140],{"class":139},[60,133933,124],{"class":74},[60,133935,720],{"class":120},[60,133937,133],{"class":74},[20,133939,404],{},[51,133941,133943],{"className":53,"code":133942,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python\n",[15,133944,133945],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133946,133947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133948,133942],{"class":66},[337,133950,133952,133953,133955],{"id":133951},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133954,133185],{}," returns the result",[51,133957,133959],{"className":53,"code":133958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133960,133961,133994,134017,134021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133962,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133990,133992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133964,3983],{"class":66},[60,133966,71],{"class":70},[60,133968,1512],{"class":74},[60,133970,79],{"class":78},[60,133972,6496],{"class":82},[60,133974,79],{"class":78},[60,133976,88],{"class":74},[60,133978,91],{"class":78},[60,133980,79159],{"class":82},[60,133982,79],{"class":78},[60,133984,88],{"class":74},[60,133986,91],{"class":78},[60,133988,133989],{"class":82},"three",[60,133991,79],{"class":78},[60,133993,1525],{"class":74},[60,133995,133996,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133997,133998],{"class":66},"joined_text ",[60,134000,71],{"class":70},[60,134002,91],{"class":78},[60,134004,1942],{"class":82},[60,134006,79],{"class":78},[60,134008,117],{"class":74},[60,134010,133262],{"class":120},[60,134012,124],{"class":74},[60,134014,4025],{"class":120},[60,134016,133],{"class":74},[60,134018,134019],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,134020,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,134022,134023,134025,134027,134030],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,134024,140],{"class":139},[60,134026,124],{"class":74},[60,134028,134029],{"class":120},"joined_text",[60,134031,133],{"class":74},[20,134033,404],{},[51,134035,134037],{"className":53,"code":134036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one-two-three\n",[15,134038,134039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134040,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134042,6496],{"class":66},[60,134044,1942],{"class":70},[60,134046,79159],{"class":66},[60,134048,1942],{"class":70},[60,134050,134051],{"class":66},"three\n",[46,134053,134055],{"id":134054},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134057,134058],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[337,134060,134062,134065],{"id":134061},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134063,134064],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[51,134067,134069],{"className":53,"code":134068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134070,134071,134095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134072,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134074,3983],{"class":66},[60,134076,71],{"class":70},[60,134078,1512],{"class":74},[60,134080,79],{"class":78},[60,134082,3759],{"class":82},[60,134084,79],{"class":78},[60,134086,88],{"class":74},[60,134088,91],{"class":78},[60,134090,60478],{"class":82},[60,134092,79],{"class":78},[60,134094,1525],{"class":74},[60,134096,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134098,140],{"class":139},[60,134100,124],{"class":74},[60,134102,79],{"class":78},[60,134104,91],{"class":78},[60,134106,117],{"class":74},[60,134108,133262],{"class":120},[60,134110,124],{"class":74},[60,134112,4025],{"class":120},[60,134114,1691],{"class":74},[20,134116,404],{},[51,134118,134120],{"className":53,"code":134119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n",[15,134121,134122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134123,134124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134125,134119],{"class":66},[337,134127,134129,134132],{"id":134128},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134130,134131],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[51,134134,134136],{"className":53,"code":134135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134137,134138,134170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134139,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134141,67],{"class":66},[60,134143,71],{"class":70},[60,134145,1512],{"class":74},[60,134147,79],{"class":78},[60,134149,83],{"class":82},[60,134151,79],{"class":78},[60,134153,88],{"class":74},[60,134155,91],{"class":78},[60,134157,94],{"class":82},[60,134159,79],{"class":78},[60,134161,88],{"class":74},[60,134163,91],{"class":78},[60,134165,103],{"class":82},[60,134167,79],{"class":78},[60,134169,1525],{"class":74},[60,134171,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134173,140],{"class":139},[60,134175,124],{"class":74},[60,134177,79],{"class":78},[60,134179,36],{"class":82},[60,134181,79],{"class":78},[60,134183,117],{"class":74},[60,134185,133262],{"class":120},[60,134187,124],{"class":74},[60,134189,114],{"class":120},[60,134191,1691],{"class":74},[20,134193,404],{},[51,134195,134197],{"className":53,"code":134196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134198,134199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134200,134201,134203,134205,134208,134210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134202,83],{"class":66},[60,134204,88],{"class":74},[60,134206,134207],{"class":66}," blue",[60,134209,88],{"class":74},[60,134211,35760],{"class":66},[20,134213,134214],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[337,134216,134218,134221],{"id":134217},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134219,134220],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[51,134223,134225],{"className":53,"code":134224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134226,134227,134259],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134228,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134230,42721],{"class":66},[60,134232,71],{"class":70},[60,134234,1512],{"class":74},[60,134236,79],{"class":78},[60,134238,55],{"class":82},[60,134240,79],{"class":78},[60,134242,88],{"class":74},[60,134244,91],{"class":78},[60,134246,61061],{"class":82},[60,134248,79],{"class":78},[60,134250,88],{"class":74},[60,134252,91],{"class":78},[60,134254,133262],{"class":82},[60,134256,79],{"class":78},[60,134258,1525],{"class":74},[60,134260,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134262,140],{"class":139},[60,134264,124],{"class":74},[60,134266,79],{"class":78},[60,134268,1942],{"class":82},[60,134270,79],{"class":78},[60,134272,117],{"class":74},[60,134274,133262],{"class":120},[60,134276,124],{"class":74},[60,134278,42753],{"class":120},[60,134280,1691],{"class":74},[20,134282,404],{},[51,134284,134286],{"className":53,"code":134285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python-string-join\n",[15,134287,134288],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134289,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134291,55],{"class":66},[60,134293,1942],{"class":70},[60,134295,61061],{"class":66},[60,134297,1942],{"class":70},[60,134299,134300],{"class":66},"join\n",[337,134302,134304,134307],{"id":134303},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134305,134306],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[51,134309,134311],{"className":53,"code":134310,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134312,134313,134346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134342,134344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134316,112682],{"class":66},[60,134318,71],{"class":70},[60,134320,1512],{"class":74},[60,134322,79],{"class":78},[60,134324,22133],{"class":82},[60,134326,79],{"class":78},[60,134328,88],{"class":74},[60,134330,91],{"class":78},[60,134332,30485],{"class":82},[60,134334,79],{"class":78},[60,134336,88],{"class":74},[60,134338,91],{"class":78},[60,134340,134341],{"class":82},"C",[60,134343,79],{"class":78},[60,134345,1525],{"class":74},[60,134347,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134363],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134349,140],{"class":139},[60,134351,124],{"class":74},[60,134353,6184],{"class":78},[60,134355,117],{"class":74},[60,134357,133262],{"class":120},[60,134359,124],{"class":74},[60,134361,134362],{"class":120},"chars",[60,134364,1691],{"class":74},[20,134366,404],{},[51,134368,134370],{"className":53,"code":134369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ABC\n",[15,134371,134372],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134373,134374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134375,134369],{"class":34338},[46,134377,134379],{"id":134378},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134381,134382,134384],{},[15,134383,133185],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[337,134386,134388],{"id":134387},"this-works","This works",[51,134390,134392],{"className":53,"code":134391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134393,134394,134426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134395,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134397,3736],{"class":66},[60,134399,71],{"class":70},[60,134401,1512],{"class":74},[60,134403,79],{"class":78},[60,134405,2250],{"class":82},[60,134407,79],{"class":78},[60,134409,88],{"class":74},[60,134411,91],{"class":78},[60,134413,15645],{"class":82},[60,134415,79],{"class":78},[60,134417,88],{"class":74},[60,134419,91],{"class":78},[60,134421,36725],{"class":82},[60,134423,79],{"class":78},[60,134425,1525],{"class":74},[60,134427,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134429,140],{"class":139},[60,134431,124],{"class":74},[60,134433,79],{"class":78},[60,134435,36],{"class":82},[60,134437,79],{"class":78},[60,134439,117],{"class":74},[60,134441,133262],{"class":120},[60,134443,124],{"class":74},[60,134445,5268],{"class":120},[60,134447,1691],{"class":74},[20,134449,404],{},[51,134451,134453],{"className":53,"code":134452,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134454,134455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134456,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134458,2250],{"class":357},[60,134460,88],{"class":74},[60,134462,7702],{"class":357},[60,134464,88],{"class":74},[60,134466,134467],{"class":357}," 30\n",[337,134469,134471],{"id":134470},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[51,134473,134475],{"className":53,"code":134474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134476,134477,134497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134478,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134480,3736],{"class":66},[60,134482,71],{"class":70},[60,134484,1512],{"class":74},[60,134486,358],{"class":357},[60,134488,88],{"class":74},[60,134490,363],{"class":357},[60,134492,88],{"class":74},[60,134494,368],{"class":357},[60,134496,1525],{"class":74},[60,134498,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134500,140],{"class":139},[60,134502,124],{"class":74},[60,134504,79],{"class":78},[60,134506,36],{"class":82},[60,134508,79],{"class":78},[60,134510,117],{"class":74},[60,134512,133262],{"class":120},[60,134514,124],{"class":74},[60,134516,5268],{"class":120},[60,134518,1691],{"class":74},[20,134520,90199,134521,134523],{},[15,134522,2919],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134525,134526],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[51,134528,134530],{"className":53,"code":134529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134531,134532,134552,134582,134586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134533,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134535,3736],{"class":66},[60,134537,71],{"class":70},[60,134539,1512],{"class":74},[60,134541,358],{"class":357},[60,134543,88],{"class":74},[60,134545,363],{"class":357},[60,134547,88],{"class":74},[60,134549,368],{"class":357},[60,134551,1525],{"class":74},[60,134553,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134555,688],{"class":66},[60,134557,71],{"class":70},[60,134559,91],{"class":78},[60,134561,36],{"class":82},[60,134563,79],{"class":78},[60,134565,117],{"class":74},[60,134567,133262],{"class":120},[60,134569,124],{"class":74},[60,134571,39744],{"class":139},[60,134573,124],{"class":74},[60,134575,3358],{"class":1683},[60,134577,88],{"class":74},[60,134579,3798],{"class":120},[60,134581,1691],{"class":74},[60,134583,134584],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,134585,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,134587,134588,134590,134592,134594],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,134589,140],{"class":139},[60,134591,124],{"class":74},[60,134593,720],{"class":120},[60,134595,133],{"class":74},[20,134597,404],{},[51,134599,134601],{"className":53,"code":134600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134602,134603],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134604,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134606,358],{"class":357},[60,134608,88],{"class":74},[60,134610,363],{"class":357},[60,134612,88],{"class":74},[60,134614,2494],{"class":357},[20,134616,134617,134618,117],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[30,134619,3491,134620,3424],{"href":42059},[15,134621,47568],{},[337,134623,134625,134627],{"id":134624},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134626,277],{}," values do not work directly",[51,134629,134631],{"className":53,"code":134630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134632,134633,134661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134634,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134636,3736],{"class":66},[60,134638,71],{"class":70},[60,134640,1512],{"class":74},[60,134642,79],{"class":78},[60,134644,495],{"class":82},[60,134646,79],{"class":78},[60,134648,88],{"class":74},[60,134650,3766],{"class":734},[60,134652,88],{"class":74},[60,134654,91],{"class":78},[60,134656,504],{"class":82},[60,134658,79],{"class":78},[60,134660,1525],{"class":74},[60,134662,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134664,140],{"class":139},[60,134666,124],{"class":74},[60,134668,79],{"class":78},[60,134670,36],{"class":82},[60,134672,79],{"class":78},[60,134674,117],{"class":74},[60,134676,133262],{"class":120},[60,134678,124],{"class":74},[60,134680,5268],{"class":120},[60,134682,1691],{"class":74},[20,134684,134685,134686,117],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134687,2919],{},[20,134689,134690],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[51,134692,134694],{"className":53,"code":134693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134695,134696,134724,134754,134758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134697,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134699,3736],{"class":66},[60,134701,71],{"class":70},[60,134703,1512],{"class":74},[60,134705,79],{"class":78},[60,134707,495],{"class":82},[60,134709,79],{"class":78},[60,134711,88],{"class":74},[60,134713,3766],{"class":734},[60,134715,88],{"class":74},[60,134717,91],{"class":78},[60,134719,504],{"class":82},[60,134721,79],{"class":78},[60,134723,1525],{"class":74},[60,134725,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134727,688],{"class":66},[60,134729,71],{"class":70},[60,134731,91],{"class":78},[60,134733,36],{"class":82},[60,134735,79],{"class":78},[60,134737,117],{"class":74},[60,134739,133262],{"class":120},[60,134741,124],{"class":74},[60,134743,39744],{"class":139},[60,134745,124],{"class":74},[60,134747,3358],{"class":1683},[60,134749,88],{"class":74},[60,134751,3798],{"class":120},[60,134753,1691],{"class":74},[60,134755,134756],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,134757,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,134759,134760,134762,134764,134766],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,134761,140],{"class":139},[60,134763,124],{"class":74},[60,134765,720],{"class":120},[60,134767,133],{"class":74},[20,134769,404],{},[51,134771,134773],{"className":53,"code":134772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134774,134775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134776,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134778,495],{"class":66},[60,134780,88],{"class":74},[60,134782,3766],{"class":734},[60,134784,88],{"class":74},[60,134786,134787],{"class":66}," banana\n",[20,134789,134790,134791,134793],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134792,277],{}," values instead of converting them.",[337,134795,134797,134799],{"id":134796},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134798,133185],{}," also works with tuples",[51,134801,134803],{"className":53,"code":134802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134804,134805,134837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134806,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134808,4905],{"class":66},[60,134810,71],{"class":70},[60,134812,9144],{"class":74},[60,134814,79],{"class":78},[60,134816,7589],{"class":82},[60,134818,79],{"class":78},[60,134820,88],{"class":74},[60,134822,91],{"class":78},[60,134824,131191],{"class":82},[60,134826,79],{"class":78},[60,134828,88],{"class":74},[60,134830,91],{"class":78},[60,134832,7833],{"class":82},[60,134834,79],{"class":78},[60,134836,133],{"class":74},[60,134838,134839,134841,134843,134845,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134840,140],{"class":139},[60,134842,124],{"class":74},[60,134844,79],{"class":78},[60,134846,134847],{"class":82}," \u002F ",[60,134849,79],{"class":78},[60,134851,117],{"class":74},[60,134853,133262],{"class":120},[60,134855,124],{"class":74},[60,134857,4949],{"class":120},[60,134859,1691],{"class":74},[20,134861,404],{},[51,134863,134865],{"className":53,"code":134864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134866,134867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134868,134869,134872,134874,134877,134879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134870,134871],{"class":66},"Sam ",[60,134873,126995],{"class":70},[60,134875,134876],{"class":66}," Lee ",[60,134878,126995],{"class":70},[60,134880,22222],{"class":66},[46,134882,134884,134885],{"id":134883},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134886,133185],{},[20,134888,134889],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[337,134891,134893,134894,134896],{"id":134892},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134895,2919],{}," because not all items are strings",[51,134898,134900],{"className":53,"code":134899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134901,134902,134930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134903,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134905,486],{"class":66},[60,134907,71],{"class":70},[60,134909,1512],{"class":74},[60,134911,79],{"class":78},[60,134913,30],{"class":82},[60,134915,79],{"class":78},[60,134917,88],{"class":74},[60,134919,363],{"class":357},[60,134921,88],{"class":74},[60,134923,91],{"class":78},[60,134925,1437],{"class":82},[60,134927,79],{"class":78},[60,134929,1525],{"class":74},[60,134931,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134933,140],{"class":139},[60,134935,124],{"class":74},[60,134937,79],{"class":78},[60,134939,91],{"class":78},[60,134941,117],{"class":74},[60,134943,133262],{"class":120},[60,134945,124],{"class":74},[60,134947,517],{"class":120},[60,134949,1691],{"class":74},[20,134951,48395,134952,134954],{},[15,134953,1303],{}," is an integer.",[20,134956,39146],{},[51,134958,134960],{"className":53,"code":134959,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134961,134962,134990],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134963,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134965,486],{"class":66},[60,134967,71],{"class":70},[60,134969,1512],{"class":74},[60,134971,79],{"class":78},[60,134973,30],{"class":82},[60,134975,79],{"class":78},[60,134977,88],{"class":74},[60,134979,363],{"class":357},[60,134981,88],{"class":74},[60,134983,91],{"class":78},[60,134985,1437],{"class":82},[60,134987,79],{"class":78},[60,134989,1525],{"class":74},[60,134991,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134993,140],{"class":139},[60,134995,124],{"class":74},[60,134997,79],{"class":78},[60,134999,91],{"class":78},[60,135001,117],{"class":74},[60,135003,133262],{"class":120},[60,135005,124],{"class":74},[60,135007,39744],{"class":139},[60,135009,124],{"class":74},[60,135011,3358],{"class":1683},[60,135013,88],{"class":74},[60,135015,5877],{"class":120},[60,135017,2827],{"class":74},[20,135019,135020,135021,117],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[30,135022,25565,135024],{"href":135023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135025,135026],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[337,135028,135030,135031,135033],{"id":135029},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135032,133185],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135035,1260],{},[51,135037,135039],{"className":53,"code":135038,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135040,135041,135073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135042,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135044,3983],{"class":66},[60,135046,71],{"class":70},[60,135048,1512],{"class":74},[60,135050,79],{"class":78},[60,135052,7208],{"class":82},[60,135054,79],{"class":78},[60,135056,88],{"class":74},[60,135058,91],{"class":78},[60,135060,12088],{"class":82},[60,135062,79],{"class":78},[60,135064,88],{"class":74},[60,135066,91],{"class":78},[60,135068,133243],{"class":82},[60,135070,79],{"class":78},[60,135072,1525],{"class":74},[60,135074,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135076,688],{"class":66},[60,135078,71],{"class":70},[60,135080,6080],{"class":66},[60,135082,117],{"class":74},[60,135084,133262],{"class":120},[60,135086,124],{"class":74},[60,135088,79],{"class":78},[60,135090,91],{"class":78},[60,135092,133],{"class":74},[20,135094,135095,135097],{},[15,135096,133185],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135099,10711],{},[51,135101,135103],{"className":53,"code":135102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135104,135105,135137,135157,135161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135106,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135108,3983],{"class":66},[60,135110,71],{"class":70},[60,135112,1512],{"class":74},[60,135114,79],{"class":78},[60,135116,7208],{"class":82},[60,135118,79],{"class":78},[60,135120,88],{"class":74},[60,135122,91],{"class":78},[60,135124,12088],{"class":82},[60,135126,79],{"class":78},[60,135128,88],{"class":74},[60,135130,91],{"class":78},[60,135132,133243],{"class":82},[60,135134,79],{"class":78},[60,135136,1525],{"class":74},[60,135138,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135140,688],{"class":66},[60,135142,71],{"class":70},[60,135144,91],{"class":78},[60,135146,91],{"class":78},[60,135148,117],{"class":74},[60,135150,133262],{"class":120},[60,135152,124],{"class":74},[60,135154,4025],{"class":120},[60,135156,133],{"class":74},[60,135158,135159],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,135160,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,135164,140],{"class":139},[60,135166,124],{"class":74},[60,135168,720],{"class":120},[60,135170,133],{"class":74},[337,135172,135174],{"id":135173},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[51,135176,135178],{"className":53,"code":135177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135179,135180,135212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135181,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135183,3983],{"class":66},[60,135185,71],{"class":70},[60,135187,1512],{"class":74},[60,135189,79],{"class":78},[60,135191,6496],{"class":82},[60,135193,79],{"class":78},[60,135195,88],{"class":74},[60,135197,91],{"class":78},[60,135199,79159],{"class":82},[60,135201,79],{"class":78},[60,135203,88],{"class":74},[60,135205,91],{"class":78},[60,135207,133989],{"class":82},[60,135209,79],{"class":78},[60,135211,1525],{"class":74},[60,135213,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135215,140],{"class":139},[60,135217,124],{"class":74},[60,135219,6184],{"class":78},[60,135221,117],{"class":74},[60,135223,133262],{"class":120},[60,135225,124],{"class":74},[60,135227,4025],{"class":120},[60,135229,1691],{"class":74},[20,135231,404],{},[51,135233,135235],{"className":53,"code":135234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"onetwothree\n",[15,135236,135237],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135238,135239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135240,135234],{"class":66},[20,135242,135243,135244,6542],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135245,133330],{},[337,135247,135249,135250,131453],{"id":135248},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135251,133185],{},[51,135253,135255],{"className":53,"code":135254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135256,135257,135289,135307,135311],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135258,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135260,3983],{"class":66},[60,135262,71],{"class":70},[60,135264,1512],{"class":74},[60,135266,79],{"class":78},[60,135268,30],{"class":82},[60,135270,79],{"class":78},[60,135272,88],{"class":74},[60,135274,91],{"class":78},[60,135276,1428],{"class":82},[60,135278,79],{"class":78},[60,135280,88],{"class":74},[60,135282,91],{"class":78},[60,135284,1437],{"class":82},[60,135286,79],{"class":78},[60,135288,1525],{"class":74},[60,135290,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135292,79],{"class":43213},[60,135294,1942],{"class":43217},[60,135296,79],{"class":43213},[60,135298,117],{"class":74},[60,135300,133262],{"class":120},[60,135302,124],{"class":74},[60,135304,4025],{"class":120},[60,135306,133],{"class":74},[60,135308,135309],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,135310,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,135312,135313,135315,135317,135319],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,135314,140],{"class":139},[60,135316,124],{"class":74},[60,135318,4025],{"class":120},[60,135320,133],{"class":74},[20,135322,404],{},[51,135324,135325],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,135326,135327],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135328,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135330,3812],{"class":74},[60,135332,205],{"class":78},[60,135334,30],{"class":82},[60,135336,205],{"class":78},[60,135338,88],{"class":74},[60,135340,214],{"class":78},[60,135342,1428],{"class":82},[60,135344,205],{"class":78},[60,135346,88],{"class":74},[60,135348,214],{"class":78},[60,135350,1437],{"class":82},[60,135352,205],{"class":78},[60,135354,1525],{"class":74},[20,135356,135357,135358,135360],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135359,133185],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[46,135362,135364,135366,135367],{"id":135363},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135365,133185],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135368,1979],{},[20,135370,10495,135371,1776,135373,135375],{},[15,135372,133185],{},[15,135374,1979],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[337,135377,243,135379,135381],{"id":135378},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135380,1979],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[51,135383,135385],{"className":53,"code":135384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135386,135387,135400,135413,135433,135437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135388,135389,135392,135394,135396,135398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135390,135391],{"class":66},"first ",[60,135393,71],{"class":70},[60,135395,91],{"class":78},[60,135397,34752],{"class":82},[60,135399,3273],{"class":78},[60,135401,135402,135405,135407,135409,135411],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135403,135404],{"class":66},"second ",[60,135406,71],{"class":70},[60,135408,91],{"class":78},[60,135410,89628],{"class":82},[60,135412,3273],{"class":78},[60,135414,135415,135417,135419,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,135416,688],{"class":66},[60,135418,71],{"class":70},[60,135420,135421],{"class":66}," first ",[60,135423,1979],{"class":70},[60,135425,91],{"class":78},[60,135427,91],{"class":78},[60,135429,2372],{"class":70},[60,135431,135432],{"class":66}," second\n",[60,135434,135435],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,135436,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,135438,135439,135441,135443,135445],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,135440,140],{"class":139},[60,135442,124],{"class":74},[60,135444,720],{"class":120},[60,135446,133],{"class":74},[20,135448,404],{},[51,135450,135452],{"className":53,"code":135451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello World\n",[15,135453,135454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135455,135456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135457,135451],{"class":66},[337,135459,243,135461,135463],{"id":135460},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135462,133185],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[51,135465,135467],{"className":53,"code":135466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135468,135469,135511,135531,135535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135470,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135490,135492,135494,135496,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135472,3983],{"class":66},[60,135474,71],{"class":70},[60,135476,1512],{"class":74},[60,135478,79],{"class":78},[60,135480,7208],{"class":82},[60,135482,79],{"class":78},[60,135484,88],{"class":74},[60,135486,91],{"class":78},[60,135488,135489],{"class":82},"makes",[60,135491,79],{"class":78},[60,135493,88],{"class":74},[60,135495,91],{"class":78},[60,135497,135498],{"class":82},"this",[60,135500,79],{"class":78},[60,135502,88],{"class":74},[60,135504,91],{"class":78},[60,135506,133684],{"class":82},[60,135508,79],{"class":78},[60,135510,1525],{"class":74},[60,135512,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135514,688],{"class":66},[60,135516,71],{"class":70},[60,135518,91],{"class":78},[60,135520,91],{"class":78},[60,135522,117],{"class":74},[60,135524,133262],{"class":120},[60,135526,124],{"class":74},[60,135528,4025],{"class":120},[60,135530,133],{"class":74},[60,135532,135533],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,135534,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,135536,135537,135539,135541,135543],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,135538,140],{"class":139},[60,135540,124],{"class":74},[60,135542,720],{"class":120},[60,135544,133],{"class":74},[20,135546,404],{},[51,135548,135550],{"className":53,"code":135549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135551,135552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135553,135554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135555,135549],{"class":66},[20,135557,135558,135560],{},[15,135559,133185],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[260,135562,135563,135566,135569],{},[263,135564,135565],{},"You already have a list of strings",[263,135567,135568],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[263,135570,135571,135572,135574],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135573,1979],{}," operators",[20,135576,135577,135578,117],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[30,135579,135581],{"href":135580},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[46,135583,135585],{"id":135584},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135587,1656,135588,135590],{},[15,135589,133185],{}," is not working, check these first:",[260,135592,135593,135596,135601,135610,135616],{},[263,135594,135595],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[263,135597,135598,135599],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135600,277],{},[263,135602,135603,135604,10994,135607],{},"You may have written ",[15,135605,135606],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135608,135609],{},"string.join(...)",[263,135611,135612,135613,135615],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135614,133185],{}," to change the original iterable",[263,135617,135618],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135620,94268],{},[51,135622,135624],{"className":53,"code":135623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135625,135626,135640,135650,135674,135714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135627,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135629,140],{"class":139},[60,135631,124],{"class":74},[60,135633,1684],{"class":1683},[60,135635,124],{"class":74},[60,135637,517],{"class":120},[60,135639,1691],{"class":74},[60,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,135643,140],{"class":139},[60,135645,124],{"class":74},[60,135647,517],{"class":120},[60,135649,133],{"class":74},[60,135651,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,135653,140],{"class":139},[60,135655,1641],{"class":74},[60,135657,1684],{"class":1683},[60,135659,124],{"class":74},[60,135661,23197],{"class":120},[60,135663,174],{"class":74},[60,135665,3790],{"class":1153},[60,135667,5872],{"class":120},[60,135669,1703],{"class":1153},[60,135671,5877],{"class":120},[60,135673,1646],{"class":74},[60,135675,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,135677,140],{"class":139},[60,135679,124],{"class":74},[60,135681,205],{"class":78},[60,135683,214],{"class":78},[60,135685,117],{"class":74},[60,135687,133262],{"class":120},[60,135689,1641],{"class":74},[60,135691,205],{"class":78},[60,135693,30],{"class":82},[60,135695,205],{"class":78},[60,135697,88],{"class":74},[60,135699,214],{"class":78},[60,135701,1428],{"class":82},[60,135703,205],{"class":78},[60,135705,88],{"class":74},[60,135707,214],{"class":78},[60,135709,1437],{"class":82},[60,135711,205],{"class":78},[60,135713,2913],{"class":74},[60,135715,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,135717,140],{"class":139},[60,135719,124],{"class":74},[60,135721,205],{"class":78},[60,135723,36],{"class":82},[60,135725,205],{"class":78},[60,135727,117],{"class":74},[60,135729,133262],{"class":120},[60,135731,124],{"class":74},[60,135733,39744],{"class":139},[60,135735,124],{"class":74},[60,135737,3358],{"class":1683},[60,135739,88],{"class":74},[60,135741,1512],{"class":74},[60,135743,358],{"class":357},[60,135745,88],{"class":74},[60,135747,363],{"class":357},[60,135749,88],{"class":74},[60,135751,368],{"class":357},[60,135753,37148],{"class":74},[20,135755,135756],{},"What these checks do:",[260,135758,135759,135767,135773,135779,135788],{},[263,135760,135761,135764,135765,8009],{},[15,135762,135763],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135766,517],{},[263,135768,135769,135772],{},[15,135770,135771],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[263,135774,135775,135778],{},[15,135776,135777],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[263,135780,135781,135784,135785,135787],{},[15,135782,135783],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135786,133185],{}," behavior",[263,135789,135790,135793],{},[15,135791,135792],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[46,135795,1746],{"id":1745},[337,135797,12599,135799,135801],{"id":135798},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135800,133185],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135803,135804,135805,135807,135808,117],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135806,133185],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135809,135810],{},"map(str, values)",[337,135812,12599,135814,57049],{"id":135813},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135815,133185],{},[20,135817,135818],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[337,135820,1795,135822,62522],{"id":135821},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135823,133185],{},[20,135825,42037,135826,135828],{},[15,135827,133185],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[337,135830,1760,135832,39845],{"id":135831},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135833,135834],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135836,135837],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[337,135839,135841,135842,135844,135845,1779],{"id":135840},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135843,2919],{}," when using ",[15,135846,133185],{},[20,135848,135849],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[46,135851,1808],{"id":1807},[260,135853,135854,135859,135865,135871,135877],{},[263,135855,135856],{},[30,135857,135858],{"href":135580},"How to join strings in Python",[263,135860,135861],{},[30,135862,126103,135863,1818],{"href":128790},[15,135864,60418],{},[263,135866,135867],{},[30,135868,3491,135869,3424],{"href":42059},[15,135870,47568],{},[263,135872,135873],{},[30,135874,30232,135875],{"href":135023},[15,135876,135026],{},[263,135878,135879],{},[30,135880,124858],{"href":50861},[20,135882,97233,135883,135885],{},[15,135884,133185],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1841,135887,135888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":135890},[135891,135892,135894,135897,135904,135914,135922,135932,135939,135940,135952],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":133302,"depth":111,"text":135893},"What join() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":135895},[135896],{"id":48894,"depth":136,"text":48895},{"id":121633,"depth":111,"text":121634,"children":135898},[135899,135900,135901,135902],{"id":133649,"depth":136,"text":133650},{"id":133741,"depth":136,"text":133742},{"id":133842,"depth":136,"text":133843},{"id":133951,"depth":136,"text":135903},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134054,"depth":111,"text":134055,"children":135905},[135906,135908,135910,135912],{"id":134061,"depth":136,"text":135907},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134128,"depth":136,"text":135909},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134217,"depth":136,"text":135911},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134303,"depth":136,"text":135913},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134378,"depth":111,"text":134379,"children":135915},[135916,135917,135918,135920],{"id":134387,"depth":136,"text":134388},{"id":134470,"depth":136,"text":134471},{"id":134624,"depth":136,"text":135919},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134796,"depth":136,"text":135921},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134883,"depth":111,"text":135923,"children":135924},"Common errors with join()",[135925,135927,135929,135930],{"id":134892,"depth":136,"text":135926},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135029,"depth":136,"text":135928},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135173,"depth":136,"text":135174},{"id":135248,"depth":136,"text":135931},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135363,"depth":111,"text":135933,"children":135934},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135935,135937],{"id":135378,"depth":136,"text":135936},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135460,"depth":136,"text":135938},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135584,"depth":111,"text":135585},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":135941},[135942,135944,135946,135948,135950],{"id":135798,"depth":136,"text":135943},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135813,"depth":136,"text":135945},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135821,"depth":136,"text":135947},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135831,"depth":136,"text":135949},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135840,"depth":136,"text":135951},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133177,"description":135953},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135960,"title":135961,"body":135962,"description":137530,"extension":1883,"meta":137531,"navigation":152,"path":137532,"seo":137533,"stem":137534,"__hash__":137535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135963,"toc":137497},[135964,135969,135974,135976,135990,136035,136042,136047,136052,136054,136070,136079,136081,136083,136098,136100,136110,136112,136174,136176,136179,136240,136242,136258,136260,136273,136276,136323,136325,136331,136334,136337,136397,136405,136491,136495,136500,136502,136516,136519,136604,136607,136665,136676,136731,136733,136740,136746,136752,136796,136799,136846,136848,136850,136857,136859,136890,136893,136895,136926,136930,136933,136935,136975,136977,137020,137026,137031,137033,137060,137065,137068,137117,137121,137124,137199,137210,137213,137270,137277,137283,137291,137296,137303,137310,137328,137330,137384,137392,137394,137399,137402,137408,137414,137419,137422,137428,137434,137441,137449,137451,137494],[10,135965,123103,135967,18],{"id":135966},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135968,123833],{},[20,135970,123108,135971,135973],{},[15,135972,123833],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135975,23974],{},[260,135977,135978,135981,135984,135987],{},[263,135979,135980],{},"convert text to lowercase",[263,135982,135983],{},"compare text without case differences",[263,135985,135986],{},"clean up user input",[263,135988,135989],{},"make simple text matching easier",[51,135991,135993],{"className":53,"code":135992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135994,135995,136008,136022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,135996,135997,135999,136001,136003,136006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,135998,34573],{"class":66},[60,136000,71],{"class":70},[60,136002,91],{"class":78},[60,136004,136005],{"class":82},"Hello WORLD",[60,136007,3273],{"class":78},[60,136009,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136011,688],{"class":66},[60,136013,71],{"class":70},[60,136015,42726],{"class":66},[60,136017,117],{"class":74},[60,136019,8552],{"class":120},[60,136021,8555],{"class":74},[60,136023,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136025,140],{"class":139},[60,136027,124],{"class":74},[60,136029,720],{"class":120},[60,136031,174],{"class":74},[60,136033,136034],{"class":177},"  # hello world\n",[20,136036,136037,88851,136039,136041],{},[41,136038,83709],{},[15,136040,123833],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[46,136043,250,136045,253],{"id":136044},"what-lower-does",[15,136046,123833],{},[20,136048,136049,136051],{},[15,136050,123833],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136053,12946],{},[260,136055,136056,136061,136064,136067],{},[263,136057,136058,136060],{},[15,136059,123833],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[263,136062,136063],{},"It works on string objects",[263,136065,136066],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[263,136068,136069],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136071,124855,136072,136076,136077,117],{},[30,136073,136075],{"href":136074},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[30,136078,50862],{"href":50861},[46,136080,296],{"id":295},[20,136082,2079],{},[51,136084,136086],{"className":53,"code":136085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.lower()\n",[15,136087,136088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136089,136090,136092,136094,136096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136091,61061],{"class":66},[60,136093,117],{"class":74},[60,136095,8552],{"class":120},[60,136097,8555],{"class":74},[20,136099,43535],{},[260,136101,136102,136104,136107],{},[263,136103,97411],{},[263,136105,136106],{},"You call it directly on a string",[263,136108,136109],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136111,2127],{},[51,136113,136115],{"className":53,"code":136114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136116,136117,136140,136144,136157],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136118,136119,136121,136123,136125,136128,136130,136132,136134,136137],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136120,140],{"class":139},[60,136122,124],{"class":74},[60,136124,79],{"class":78},[60,136126,136127],{"class":82},"HELLO",[60,136129,79],{"class":78},[60,136131,117],{"class":74},[60,136133,8552],{"class":120},[60,136135,136136],{"class":74},"())",[60,136138,136139],{"class":177},"  # hello\n",[60,136141,136142],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136143,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136155],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136147,7788],{"class":66},[60,136149,71],{"class":70},[60,136151,91],{"class":78},[60,136153,136154],{"class":82},"PyThOn",[60,136156,3273],{"class":78},[60,136158,136159,136161,136163,136165,136167,136169,136171],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136160,140],{"class":139},[60,136162,124],{"class":74},[60,136164,7580],{"class":120},[60,136166,117],{"class":74},[60,136168,8552],{"class":120},[60,136170,136136],{"class":74},[60,136172,136173],{"class":177},"  # python\n",[46,136175,839],{"id":838},[20,136177,136178],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[51,136180,136182],{"className":53,"code":136181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136183,136184,136196,136200,136215,136219,136230],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136185,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136187,34573],{"class":66},[60,136189,71],{"class":70},[60,136191,91],{"class":78},[60,136193,136005],{"class":82},[60,136195,3273],{"class":78},[60,136197,136198],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136199,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136201,136202,136205,136207,136209,136211,136213],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136203,136204],{"class":66},"lower_text ",[60,136206,71],{"class":70},[60,136208,42726],{"class":66},[60,136210,117],{"class":74},[60,136212,8552],{"class":120},[60,136214,8555],{"class":74},[60,136216,136217],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136218,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136220,136221,136223,136225,136228],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,136222,140],{"class":139},[60,136224,124],{"class":74},[60,136226,136227],{"class":120},"lower_text",[60,136229,133],{"class":74},[60,136231,136232,136234,136236,136238],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,136233,140],{"class":139},[60,136235,124],{"class":74},[60,136237,34594],{"class":120},[60,136239,133],{"class":74},[20,136241,404],{},[51,136243,136245],{"className":53,"code":136244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136246,136247,136251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136248,136249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136250,134119],{"class":66},[60,136252,136253,136255],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136254,131519],{"class":66},[60,136256,136257],{"class":34338},"WORLD\n",[20,136259,24494],{},[260,136261,136262,136267],{},[263,136263,136264,136266],{},[15,136265,123833],{}," returns the lowercase result",[263,136268,136269,136270,136272],{},"the original ",[15,136271,34594],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136274,136275],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[51,136277,136279],{"className":53,"code":136278,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136280,136281,136293,136307,136311],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136282,136283,136285,136287,136289,136291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136284,34573],{"class":66},[60,136286,71],{"class":70},[60,136288,91],{"class":78},[60,136290,136005],{"class":82},[60,136292,3273],{"class":78},[60,136294,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303,136305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136296,34573],{"class":66},[60,136298,71],{"class":70},[60,136300,42726],{"class":66},[60,136302,117],{"class":74},[60,136304,8552],{"class":120},[60,136306,8555],{"class":74},[60,136308,136309],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136310,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136312,136313,136315,136317,136319,136321],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136314,140],{"class":139},[60,136316,124],{"class":74},[60,136318,34594],{"class":120},[60,136320,174],{"class":74},[60,136322,136034],{"class":177},[46,136324,17310],{"id":17309},[20,136326,136327,21864,136329,117],{},[15,136328,123833],{},[41,136330,61061],{},[20,136332,136333],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136335,136336],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[51,136338,136340],{"className":53,"code":136339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136341,136342,136356,136360,136383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136343,136344,136347,136349,136351,136354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136345,136346],{"class":66},"answer ",[60,136348,71],{"class":70},[60,136350,91],{"class":78},[60,136352,136353],{"class":82},"YES",[60,136355,3273],{"class":78},[60,136357,136358],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136359,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136361,136362,136364,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136363,1154],{"class":1153},[60,136365,136366],{"class":66}," answer",[60,136368,117],{"class":74},[60,136370,8552],{"class":120},[60,136372,7277],{"class":74},[60,136374,6319],{"class":70},[60,136376,91],{"class":78},[60,136378,8570],{"class":82},[60,136380,79],{"class":78},[60,136382,1168],{"class":74},[60,136384,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393,136395],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136386,7981],{"class":139},[60,136388,124],{"class":74},[60,136390,79],{"class":78},[60,136392,96721],{"class":82},[60,136394,79],{"class":78},[60,136396,133],{"class":74},[20,136398,136399,136400,258],{},"This is especially useful with ",[30,136401,136402,136403,2222],{"href":8132},"the ",[15,136404,2873],{},[51,136406,136408],{"className":53,"code":136407,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136409,136410,136429,136433,136455,136470,136476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136411,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136425,136427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136413,136346],{"class":66},[60,136415,71],{"class":70},[60,136417,8155],{"class":139},[60,136419,124],{"class":74},[60,136421,79],{"class":78},[60,136423,136424],{"class":82},"Type yes or no: ",[60,136426,79],{"class":78},[60,136428,133],{"class":74},[60,136430,136431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136432,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136434,136435,136437,136439,136441,136443,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136436,1154],{"class":1153},[60,136438,136366],{"class":66},[60,136440,117],{"class":74},[60,136442,8552],{"class":120},[60,136444,7277],{"class":74},[60,136446,6319],{"class":70},[60,136448,91],{"class":78},[60,136450,8570],{"class":82},[60,136452,79],{"class":78},[60,136454,1168],{"class":74},[60,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463,136466,136468],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136458,7981],{"class":139},[60,136460,124],{"class":74},[60,136462,79],{"class":78},[60,136464,136465],{"class":82},"You typed yes",[60,136467,79],{"class":78},[60,136469,133],{"class":74},[60,136471,136472,136474],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,136473,27319],{"class":1153},[60,136475,1168],{"class":74},[60,136477,136478,136480,136482,136484,136487,136489],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,136479,7981],{"class":139},[60,136481,124],{"class":74},[60,136483,79],{"class":78},[60,136485,136486],{"class":82},"You typed something else",[60,136488,79],{"class":78},[60,136490,133],{"class":74},[46,136492,136494],{"id":136493},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136496,136497,136499],{},[15,136498,123833],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136501,7254],{},[260,136503,136504,136507,136510,136513],{},[263,136505,136506],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[263,136508,136509],{},"Make text matching easier",[263,136511,136512],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[263,136514,136515],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136517,136518],{},"Example: checking user input",[51,136520,136522],{"className":53,"code":136521,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136523,136524,136542,136546,136568,136583,136589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136525,136526,136528,136530,136532,136534,136536,136538,136540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136527,44844],{"class":66},[60,136529,71],{"class":70},[60,136531,8155],{"class":139},[60,136533,124],{"class":74},[60,136535,79],{"class":78},[60,136537,44855],{"class":82},[60,136539,79],{"class":78},[60,136541,133],{"class":74},[60,136543,136544],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136545,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136547,136548,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136549,1154],{"class":1153},[60,136551,35737],{"class":66},[60,136553,117],{"class":74},[60,136555,8552],{"class":120},[60,136557,7277],{"class":74},[60,136559,6319],{"class":70},[60,136561,91],{"class":78},[60,136563,94],{"class":82},[60,136565,79],{"class":78},[60,136567,1168],{"class":74},[60,136569,136570,136572,136574,136576,136579,136581],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136571,7981],{"class":139},[60,136573,124],{"class":74},[60,136575,79],{"class":78},[60,136577,136578],{"class":82},"Nice choice!",[60,136580,79],{"class":78},[60,136582,133],{"class":74},[60,136584,136585,136587],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,136586,27319],{"class":1153},[60,136588,1168],{"class":74},[60,136590,136591,136593,136595,136597,136600,136602],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,136592,7981],{"class":139},[60,136594,124],{"class":74},[60,136596,79],{"class":78},[60,136598,136599],{"class":82},"Got it.",[60,136601,79],{"class":78},[60,136603,133],{"class":74},[20,136605,136606],{},"Example: simple search",[51,136608,136610],{"className":53,"code":136609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136611,136612,136625,136629,136650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136613,136614,136616,136618,136620,136623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136615,89895],{"class":66},[60,136617,71],{"class":70},[60,136619,91],{"class":78},[60,136621,136622],{"class":82},"Python Is Fun",[60,136624,3273],{"class":78},[60,136626,136627],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136628,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136630,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639,136641,136644,136646,136648],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136632,1154],{"class":1153},[60,136634,91],{"class":78},[60,136636,55],{"class":82},[60,136638,79],{"class":78},[60,136640,1163],{"class":70},[60,136642,136643],{"class":66}," message",[60,136645,117],{"class":74},[60,136647,8552],{"class":120},[60,136649,21484],{"class":74},[60,136651,136652,136654,136656,136658,136661,136663],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136653,7981],{"class":139},[60,136655,124],{"class":74},[60,136657,79],{"class":78},[60,136659,136660],{"class":82},"Found it",[60,136662,79],{"class":78},[60,136664,133],{"class":74},[20,136666,136667,136668,136670,136671,258],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136669,123833],{}," is often used with ",[30,136672,136674],{"href":136673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136675,41538],{},[51,136677,136679],{"className":53,"code":136678,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136680,136681,136694,136713,136717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136684,7788],{"class":66},[60,136686,71],{"class":70},[60,136688,91],{"class":78},[60,136690,136691],{"class":82},"  ALICE  ",[60,136693,3273],{"class":78},[60,136695,136696,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707,136709,136711],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136697,136698],{"class":66},"clean_name ",[60,136700,71],{"class":70},[60,136702,35878],{"class":66},[60,136704,117],{"class":74},[60,136706,8546],{"class":120},[60,136708,8549],{"class":74},[60,136710,8552],{"class":120},[60,136712,8555],{"class":74},[60,136714,136715],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136716,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136718,136719,136721,136723,136726,136728],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136720,140],{"class":139},[60,136722,124],{"class":74},[60,136724,136725],{"class":120},"clean_name",[60,136727,174],{"class":74},[60,136729,136730],{"class":177},"  # alice\n",[46,136732,15488],{"id":15487},[20,136734,136735,136736,136739],{},"Strings are ",[41,136737,136738],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136741,136742,136743,136745],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136744,123833],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136747,136748,136749,136751],{},"So this does ",[41,136750,43],{}," update the original variable:",[51,136753,136755],{"className":53,"code":136754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136756,136757,136769,136779,136783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136758,136759,136761,136763,136765,136767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136760,34573],{"class":66},[60,136762,71],{"class":70},[60,136764,91],{"class":78},[60,136766,136127],{"class":82},[60,136768,3273],{"class":78},[60,136770,136771,136773,136775,136777],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136772,34594],{"class":66},[60,136774,117],{"class":74},[60,136776,8552],{"class":120},[60,136778,8555],{"class":74},[60,136780,136781],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136782,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136786,140],{"class":139},[60,136788,124],{"class":74},[60,136790,34594],{"class":120},[60,136792,174],{"class":74},[60,136794,136795],{"class":177},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136797,136798],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[51,136800,136802],{"className":53,"code":136801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136803,136804,136816,136830,136834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136805,136806,136808,136810,136812,136814],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136807,34573],{"class":66},[60,136809,71],{"class":70},[60,136811,91],{"class":78},[60,136813,136127],{"class":82},[60,136815,3273],{"class":78},[60,136817,136818,136820,136822,136824,136826,136828],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136819,34573],{"class":66},[60,136821,71],{"class":70},[60,136823,42726],{"class":66},[60,136825,117],{"class":74},[60,136827,8552],{"class":120},[60,136829,8555],{"class":74},[60,136831,136832],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136833,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,136835,136836,136838,136840,136842,136844],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,136837,140],{"class":139},[60,136839,124],{"class":74},[60,136841,34594],{"class":120},[60,136843,174],{"class":74},[60,136845,136139],{"class":177},[46,136847,1245],{"id":1244},[337,136849,25573],{"id":25572},[20,136851,136852,136853,10994,136855,117],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136854,8552],{},[15,136856,123833],{},[20,136858,1498],{},[51,136860,136862],{"className":53,"code":136861,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136863,136864,136876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136865,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136867,34573],{"class":66},[60,136869,71],{"class":70},[60,136871,91],{"class":78},[60,136873,136127],{"class":82},[60,136875,3273],{"class":78},[60,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136879,140],{"class":139},[60,136881,124],{"class":74},[60,136883,34594],{"class":120},[60,136885,117],{"class":74},[60,136887,8552],{"class":1723},[60,136889,133],{"class":74},[20,136891,136892],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136894,16546],{},[51,136896,136898],{"className":53,"code":136897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136899,136900,136912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136901,136902,136904,136906,136908,136910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136903,34573],{"class":66},[60,136905,71],{"class":70},[60,136907,91],{"class":78},[60,136909,136127],{"class":82},[60,136911,3273],{"class":78},[60,136913,136914,136916,136918,136920,136922,136924],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136915,140],{"class":139},[60,136917,124],{"class":74},[60,136919,34594],{"class":120},[60,136921,117],{"class":74},[60,136923,8552],{"class":120},[60,136925,7105],{"class":74},[337,136927,136929],{"id":136928},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136931,136932],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136934,1498],{},[51,136936,136938],{"className":53,"code":136937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136939,136940,136952,136962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136943,34573],{"class":66},[60,136945,71],{"class":70},[60,136947,91],{"class":78},[60,136949,136127],{"class":82},[60,136951,3273],{"class":78},[60,136953,136954,136956,136958,136960],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136955,34594],{"class":66},[60,136957,117],{"class":74},[60,136959,8552],{"class":120},[60,136961,8555],{"class":74},[60,136963,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,136965,140],{"class":139},[60,136967,124],{"class":74},[60,136969,34594],{"class":120},[60,136971,174],{"class":74},[60,136973,136974],{"class":177},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136976,16546],{},[51,136978,136980],{"className":53,"code":136979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136981,136982,136994,137008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136983,136984,136986,136988,136990,136992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136985,34573],{"class":66},[60,136987,71],{"class":70},[60,136989,91],{"class":78},[60,136991,136127],{"class":82},[60,136993,3273],{"class":78},[60,136995,136996,136998,137000,137002,137004,137006],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136997,34573],{"class":66},[60,136999,71],{"class":70},[60,137001,42726],{"class":66},[60,137003,117],{"class":74},[60,137005,8552],{"class":120},[60,137007,8555],{"class":74},[60,137009,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137011,140],{"class":139},[60,137013,124],{"class":74},[60,137015,34594],{"class":120},[60,137017,174],{"class":74},[60,137019,136139],{"class":177},[337,137021,8331,137023,137025],{"id":137022},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137024,123833],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137027,137028,137030],{},[15,137029,123833],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137032,1498],{},[51,137034,137036],{"className":53,"code":137035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137037,137038,137046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137039,137040,137042,137044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137041,2137],{"class":66},[60,137043,71],{"class":70},[60,137045,124785],{"class":357},[60,137047,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137049,140],{"class":139},[60,137051,124],{"class":74},[60,137053,2159],{"class":120},[60,137055,117],{"class":74},[60,137057,8552],{"class":120},[60,137059,7105],{"class":74},[20,137061,137062,137063,33485],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137064,123833],{},[20,137066,137067],{},"You can check the type first:",[51,137069,137071],{"className":53,"code":137070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137072,137073,137085,137089,137103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137076,34573],{"class":66},[60,137078,71],{"class":70},[60,137080,91],{"class":78},[60,137082,136127],{"class":82},[60,137084,3273],{"class":78},[60,137086,137087],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137088,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137090,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137092,140],{"class":139},[60,137094,124],{"class":74},[60,137096,1684],{"class":1683},[60,137098,124],{"class":74},[60,137100,34594],{"class":120},[60,137102,1691],{"class":74},[60,137104,137105,137107,137109,137111,137113,137115],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137106,140],{"class":139},[60,137108,124],{"class":74},[60,137110,34594],{"class":120},[60,137112,117],{"class":74},[60,137114,8552],{"class":120},[60,137116,7105],{"class":74},[337,137118,137120],{"id":137119},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137122,137123],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[51,137125,137127],{"className":53,"code":137126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137128,137129,137142,137146,137163,137178,137184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137130,137131,137133,137135,137137,137140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137132,136346],{"class":66},[60,137134,71],{"class":70},[60,137136,91],{"class":78},[60,137138,137139],{"class":82},"Yes",[60,137141,3273],{"class":78},[60,137143,137144],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137145,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137147,137148,137150,137153,137155,137157,137159,137161],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137149,1154],{"class":1153},[60,137151,137152],{"class":66}," answer ",[60,137154,4599],{"class":70},[60,137156,91],{"class":78},[60,137158,8570],{"class":82},[60,137160,79],{"class":78},[60,137162,1168],{"class":74},[60,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137174,137176],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137166,7981],{"class":139},[60,137168,124],{"class":74},[60,137170,79],{"class":78},[60,137172,137173],{"class":82},"Match",[60,137175,79],{"class":78},[60,137177,133],{"class":74},[60,137179,137180,137182],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,137181,27319],{"class":1153},[60,137183,1168],{"class":74},[60,137185,137186,137188,137190,137192,137195,137197],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,137187,7981],{"class":139},[60,137189,124],{"class":74},[60,137191,79],{"class":78},[60,137193,137194],{"class":82},"No match",[60,137196,79],{"class":78},[60,137198,133],{"class":74},[20,137200,28946,137201,1776,137204,137207,137208,117],{},[15,137202,137203],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137205,137206],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137209,137194],{},[20,137211,137212],{},"Better:",[51,137214,137216],{"className":53,"code":137215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137217,137218,137230,137234,137256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137221,136346],{"class":66},[60,137223,71],{"class":70},[60,137225,91],{"class":78},[60,137227,137139],{"class":82},[60,137229,3273],{"class":78},[60,137231,137232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137233,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137235,137236,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137237,1154],{"class":1153},[60,137239,136366],{"class":66},[60,137241,117],{"class":74},[60,137243,8552],{"class":120},[60,137245,7277],{"class":74},[60,137247,6319],{"class":70},[60,137249,91],{"class":78},[60,137251,8570],{"class":82},[60,137253,79],{"class":78},[60,137255,1168],{"class":74},[60,137257,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137259,7981],{"class":139},[60,137261,124],{"class":74},[60,137263,79],{"class":78},[60,137265,137173],{"class":82},[60,137267,79],{"class":78},[60,137269,133],{"class":74},[337,137271,44098,137273,137276],{"id":137272},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137274,137275],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137278,137279,137280,137282],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137281,123833],{}," is enough.",[20,137284,137285,137286,137288,137289,117],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137287,137275],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137290,123833],{},[20,137292,137293,137294,122345],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137295,123833],{},[46,137297,137299,474,137301],{"id":137298},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137300,123833],{},[15,137302,127981],{},[20,137304,137305,1776,137307,137309],{},[15,137306,123833],{},[15,137308,127981],{}," are very similar.",[260,137311,137312,137317,137322,137325],{},[263,137313,137314,137316],{},[15,137315,123833],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[263,137318,137319,137321],{},[15,137320,127981],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[263,137323,137324],{},"Both return new strings",[263,137326,137327],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137329,2127],{},[51,137331,137333],{"className":53,"code":137332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137334,137335,137347,137351,137367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137338,34573],{"class":66},[60,137340,71],{"class":70},[60,137342,91],{"class":78},[60,137344,128822],{"class":82},[60,137346,3273],{"class":78},[60,137348,137349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137350,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137352,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363,137365],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137354,140],{"class":139},[60,137356,124],{"class":74},[60,137358,34594],{"class":120},[60,137360,117],{"class":74},[60,137362,8552],{"class":120},[60,137364,136136],{"class":74},[60,137366,136034],{"class":177},[60,137368,137369,137371,137373,137375,137377,137379,137381],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137370,140],{"class":139},[60,137372,124],{"class":74},[60,137374,34594],{"class":120},[60,137376,117],{"class":74},[60,137378,34363],{"class":120},[60,137380,136136],{"class":74},[60,137382,137383],{"class":177},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137385,137386,137387,117],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[30,137388,126103,137390,1818],{"href":137389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137391,127981],{},[46,137393,1746],{"id":1745},[337,137395,12599,137397,124430],{"id":137396},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137398,123833],{},[20,137400,137401],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[337,137403,12599,137405,137407],{"id":137404},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137406,123833],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137409,137410,137411,117],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137412,137413],{},"string.lower()",[337,137415,1760,137417,1763],{"id":137416},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137418,123833],{},[20,137420,137421],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[337,137423,1795,137425,137427],{"id":137424},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137426,123833],{}," on user input?",[20,137429,137430,137431,137433],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137432,2873],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[337,137435,1773,137437,1776,137439,1779],{"id":137436},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137438,123833],{},[15,137440,137275],{},[20,137442,137443,137445,137446,137448],{},[15,137444,123833],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137447,137275],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[46,137450,1808],{"id":1807},[260,137452,137453,137457,137463,137469,137475,137479,137483,137489],{},[263,137454,137455],{},[30,137456,50862],{"href":50861},[263,137458,137459],{},[30,137460,126103,137461,1818],{"href":137389},[15,137462,127981],{},[263,137464,137465],{},[30,137466,126103,137467,1818],{"href":136673},[15,137468,41538],{},[263,137470,137471],{},[30,137472,126103,137473,1818],{"href":129684},[15,137474,124274],{},[263,137476,137477],{},[30,137478,124502],{"href":123358},[263,137480,137481],{},[30,137482,90571],{"href":89580},[263,137484,137485],{},[30,137486,3491,137487,3424],{"href":8132},[15,137488,2873],{},[263,137490,137491],{},[30,137492,137493],{"href":136074},"What is a string in Python?",[1841,137495,137496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":137498},[137499,137501,137502,137503,137504,137505,137506,137515,137517,137529],{"id":136044,"depth":111,"text":137500},"What lower() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":136493,"depth":111,"text":136494},{"id":15487,"depth":111,"text":15488},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":137507},[137508,137509,137510,137512,137513],{"id":25572,"depth":136,"text":25573},{"id":136928,"depth":136,"text":136929},{"id":137022,"depth":136,"text":137511},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137119,"depth":136,"text":137120},{"id":137272,"depth":136,"text":137514},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137298,"depth":111,"text":137516},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":137518},[137519,137521,137523,137525,137527],{"id":137396,"depth":136,"text":137520},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137404,"depth":136,"text":137522},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137416,"depth":136,"text":137524},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137424,"depth":136,"text":137526},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137436,"depth":136,"text":137528},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135961,"description":137530},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137537,"title":137538,"body":137539,"description":139089,"extension":1883,"meta":139090,"navigation":152,"path":139091,"seo":139092,"stem":139093,"__hash__":139094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137540,"toc":139050},[137541,137546,137551,137557,137572,137574,137634,137636,137645,137651,137656,137661,137663,137677,137681,137683,137730,137732,137750,137752,137755,137826,137828,137842,137845,137857,137866,137870,137875,137880,137884,137950,137952,137961,137965,138030,138032,138041,138044,138049,138053,138058,138062,138123,138125,138134,138138,138141,138197,138199,138208,138211,138224,138226,138230,138237,138299,138301,138314,138320,138323,138330,138335,138340,138343,138351,138353,138414,138416,138425,138428,138475,138478,138525,138527,138532,138549,138556,138561,138614,138616,138624,138626,138683,138685,138693,138697,138744,138746,138754,138762,138766,138814,138816,138825,138830,138881,138883,138892,138899,138902,138923,138925,138930,138933,138937,138940,138944,138947,138974,138980,138983,139010,139015,139017,139019,139047],[10,137542,123103,137544,18],{"id":137543},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137545,124274],{},[20,137547,123108,137548,137550],{},[15,137549,124274],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137552,137553,137554,137556],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137555,124274],{},". You will learn:",[260,137558,137559,137563,137566,137569],{},[263,137560,25905,137561,253],{},[15,137562,124274],{},[263,137564,137565],{},"how its syntax works",[263,137567,137568],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[263,137570,137571],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[46,137573,49],{"id":48},[51,137575,137577],{"className":53,"code":137576,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137578,137579,137592,137624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137580,137581,137583,137585,137587,137590],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137582,34573],{"class":66},[60,137584,71],{"class":70},[60,137586,91],{"class":78},[60,137588,137589],{"class":82},"I like cats",[60,137591,3273],{"class":78},[60,137593,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608,137611,137613,137615,137617,137620,137622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137595,129942],{"class":66},[60,137597,71],{"class":70},[60,137599,42726],{"class":66},[60,137601,117],{"class":74},[60,137603,34884],{"class":120},[60,137605,124],{"class":74},[60,137607,79],{"class":78},[60,137609,137610],{"class":82},"cats",[60,137612,79],{"class":78},[60,137614,88],{"class":74},[60,137616,91],{"class":78},[60,137618,137619],{"class":82},"dogs",[60,137621,79],{"class":78},[60,137623,133],{"class":74},[60,137625,137626,137628,137630,137632],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137627,140],{"class":139},[60,137629,124],{"class":74},[60,137631,129973],{"class":120},[60,137633,133],{"class":74},[20,137635,404],{},[51,137637,137639],{"className":53,"code":137638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like dogs\n",[15,137640,137641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137642,137643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137644,137638],{"class":66},[20,137646,243,137647,137650],{},[15,137648,137649],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[46,137652,250,137654,253],{"id":137653},"what-replace-does",[15,137655,124274],{},[20,137657,137658,137660],{},[15,137659,124274],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137662,12946],{},[260,137664,137665,137667,137669,137672],{},[263,137666,133351],{},[263,137668,136069],{},[263,137670,137671],{},"It works on exact matches",[263,137673,137674,137675],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137676,41144],{},[20,137678,124855,137679,117],{},[30,137680,124858],{"href":50861},[46,137682,5341],{"id":5340},[51,137684,137686],{"className":53,"code":137685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137687,137688,137708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698,137701,137703,137706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137691,61061],{"class":66},[60,137693,117],{"class":74},[60,137695,34884],{"class":120},[60,137697,124],{"class":74},[60,137699,137700],{"class":120},"old",[60,137702,88],{"class":74},[60,137704,137705],{"class":120}," new",[60,137707,133],{"class":74},[60,137709,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137711,61061],{"class":66},[60,137713,117],{"class":74},[60,137715,34884],{"class":120},[60,137717,124],{"class":74},[60,137719,137700],{"class":120},[60,137721,88],{"class":74},[60,137723,137705],{"class":120},[60,137725,88],{"class":74},[60,137727,49487],{"class":120},[60,137729,133],{"class":74},[337,137731,17286],{"id":17285},[260,137733,137734,137739,137745],{},[263,137735,137736,137738],{},[15,137737,137700],{}," = the text to find",[263,137740,137741,137744],{},[15,137742,137743],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[263,137746,137747,137749],{},[15,137748,41144],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[46,137751,5698],{"id":5697},[20,137753,137754],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[51,137756,137758],{"className":53,"code":137757,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137759,137760,137772,137802,137806,137816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137761,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137763,34573],{"class":66},[60,137765,71],{"class":70},[60,137767,91],{"class":78},[60,137769,137589],{"class":82},[60,137771,3273],{"class":78},[60,137773,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137775,129942],{"class":66},[60,137777,71],{"class":70},[60,137779,42726],{"class":66},[60,137781,117],{"class":74},[60,137783,34884],{"class":120},[60,137785,124],{"class":74},[60,137787,79],{"class":78},[60,137789,137610],{"class":82},[60,137791,79],{"class":78},[60,137793,88],{"class":74},[60,137795,91],{"class":78},[60,137797,137619],{"class":82},[60,137799,79],{"class":78},[60,137801,133],{"class":74},[60,137803,137804],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137805,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137807,137808,137810,137812,137814],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137809,140],{"class":139},[60,137811,124],{"class":74},[60,137813,34594],{"class":120},[60,137815,133],{"class":74},[60,137817,137818,137820,137822,137824],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,137819,140],{"class":139},[60,137821,124],{"class":74},[60,137823,129973],{"class":120},[60,137825,133],{"class":74},[20,137827,404],{},[51,137829,137831],{"className":53,"code":137830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137832,137833,137838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137834,137835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137836,137837],{"class":66},"I like cats\n",[60,137839,137840],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137841,137638],{"class":66},[20,137843,137844],{},"Notice what happened:",[260,137846,137847,137852],{},[263,137848,137849,137851],{},[15,137850,34594],{}," did not change",[263,137853,137854,137856],{},[15,137855,129973],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137858,137859,137860,137862,137863,137865],{},"This happens because strings are ",[41,137861,136738],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137864,124274],{}," return a new string instead.",[46,137867,137869],{"id":137868},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137871,89589,137872,137874],{},[15,137873,124274],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137876,137877,137878,36505],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137879,41144],{},[337,137881,137883],{"id":137882},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[51,137885,137887],{"className":53,"code":137886,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137888,137889,137902,137936,137940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137890,137891,137893,137895,137897,137900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137892,34573],{"class":66},[60,137894,71],{"class":70},[60,137896,91],{"class":78},[60,137898,137899],{"class":82},"cat cat cat",[60,137901,3273],{"class":78},[60,137903,137904,137906,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137905,688],{"class":66},[60,137907,71],{"class":70},[60,137909,42726],{"class":66},[60,137911,117],{"class":74},[60,137913,34884],{"class":120},[60,137915,124],{"class":74},[60,137917,79],{"class":78},[60,137919,36931],{"class":82},[60,137921,79],{"class":78},[60,137923,88],{"class":74},[60,137925,91],{"class":78},[60,137927,58013],{"class":82},[60,137929,79],{"class":78},[60,137931,88],{"class":74},[60,137933,5408],{"class":357},[60,137935,133],{"class":74},[60,137937,137938],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,137939,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,137941,137942,137944,137946,137948],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,137943,140],{"class":139},[60,137945,124],{"class":74},[60,137947,720],{"class":120},[60,137949,133],{"class":74},[20,137951,404],{},[51,137953,137955],{"className":53,"code":137954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137956,137957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137958,137959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137960,137954],{"class":66},[337,137962,137964],{"id":137963},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[51,137966,137968],{"className":53,"code":137967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137969,137970,137982,138016,138020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137971,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137973,34573],{"class":66},[60,137975,71],{"class":70},[60,137977,91],{"class":78},[60,137979,137899],{"class":82},[60,137981,3273],{"class":78},[60,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137985,688],{"class":66},[60,137987,71],{"class":70},[60,137989,42726],{"class":66},[60,137991,117],{"class":74},[60,137993,34884],{"class":120},[60,137995,124],{"class":74},[60,137997,79],{"class":78},[60,137999,36931],{"class":82},[60,138001,79],{"class":78},[60,138003,88],{"class":74},[60,138005,91],{"class":78},[60,138007,58013],{"class":82},[60,138009,79],{"class":78},[60,138011,88],{"class":74},[60,138013,363],{"class":357},[60,138015,133],{"class":74},[60,138017,138018],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138019,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,138021,138022,138024,138026,138028],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,138023,140],{"class":139},[60,138025,124],{"class":74},[60,138027,720],{"class":120},[60,138029,133],{"class":74},[20,138031,404],{},[51,138033,138035],{"className":53,"code":138034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138036,138037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138038,138039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138040,138034],{"class":66},[20,138042,138043],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138045,138046,138047,117],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[30,138048,127827],{"href":124271},[46,138050,138052],{"id":138051},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138054,138055,138057],{},[15,138056,124274],{}," can also change single characters.",[337,138059,138061],{"id":138060},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[51,138063,138065],{"className":53,"code":138064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138066,138067,138079,138109,138113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138068,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138070,34573],{"class":66},[60,138072,71],{"class":70},[60,138074,91],{"class":78},[60,138076,504],{"class":82},[60,138078,3273],{"class":78},[60,138080,138081,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138082,688],{"class":66},[60,138084,71],{"class":70},[60,138086,42726],{"class":66},[60,138088,117],{"class":74},[60,138090,34884],{"class":120},[60,138092,124],{"class":74},[60,138094,79],{"class":78},[60,138096,30],{"class":82},[60,138098,79],{"class":78},[60,138100,88],{"class":74},[60,138102,91],{"class":78},[60,138104,60360],{"class":82},[60,138106,79],{"class":78},[60,138108,133],{"class":74},[60,138110,138111],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138112,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,138114,138115,138117,138119,138121],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,138116,140],{"class":139},[60,138118,124],{"class":74},[60,138120,720],{"class":120},[60,138122,133],{"class":74},[20,138124,404],{},[51,138126,138128],{"className":53,"code":138127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bonono\n",[15,138129,138130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138131,138132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138133,138127],{"class":66},[337,138135,138137],{"id":138136},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138139,138140],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[51,138142,138144],{"className":53,"code":138143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138145,138146,138159,138183,138187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138147,138148,138150,138152,138154,138157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138149,34573],{"class":66},[60,138151,71],{"class":70},[60,138153,91],{"class":78},[60,138155,138156],{"class":82},"a b c",[60,138158,3273],{"class":78},[60,138160,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138162,688],{"class":66},[60,138164,71],{"class":70},[60,138166,42726],{"class":66},[60,138168,117],{"class":74},[60,138170,34884],{"class":120},[60,138172,124],{"class":74},[60,138174,79],{"class":78},[60,138176,91],{"class":78},[60,138178,88],{"class":74},[60,138180,6038],{"class":78},[60,138182,133],{"class":74},[60,138184,138185],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138186,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,138188,138189,138191,138193,138195],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,138190,140],{"class":139},[60,138192,124],{"class":74},[60,138194,720],{"class":120},[60,138196,133],{"class":74},[20,138198,404],{},[51,138200,138202],{"className":53,"code":138201,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abc\n",[15,138203,138204],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138205,138206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138207,138201],{"class":66},[20,138209,138210],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138212,138213,138214,138218,138219,138223],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[30,138215,126103,138216,1818],{"href":128790},[15,138217,60418],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[30,138220,126103,138221,1818],{"href":136673},[15,138222,41538],{}," is often a better choice.",[46,138225,123750],{"id":123749},[20,138227,138228,123561],{},[15,138229,124274],{},[20,138231,127148,138232,1776,138234,127155],{},[15,138233,112787],{},[15,138235,138236],{},"\"Cat\"",[51,138238,138240],{"className":53,"code":138239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138241,138242,138255,138285,138289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138243,138244,138246,138248,138250,138253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138245,34573],{"class":66},[60,138247,71],{"class":70},[60,138249,91],{"class":78},[60,138251,138252],{"class":82},"Cat cat CAT",[60,138254,3273],{"class":78},[60,138256,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138258,688],{"class":66},[60,138260,71],{"class":70},[60,138262,42726],{"class":66},[60,138264,117],{"class":74},[60,138266,34884],{"class":120},[60,138268,124],{"class":74},[60,138270,79],{"class":78},[60,138272,36931],{"class":82},[60,138274,79],{"class":78},[60,138276,88],{"class":74},[60,138278,91],{"class":78},[60,138280,58013],{"class":82},[60,138282,79],{"class":78},[60,138284,133],{"class":74},[60,138286,138287],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138288,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,138290,138291,138293,138295,138297],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,138292,140],{"class":139},[60,138294,124],{"class":74},[60,138296,720],{"class":120},[60,138298,133],{"class":74},[20,138300,404],{},[51,138302,138304],{"className":53,"code":138303,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138305,138306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138307,138308,138311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138309,138310],{"class":66},"Cat dog ",[60,138312,138313],{"class":34338},"CAT\n",[20,138315,138316,138317,138319],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138318,112787],{}," was replaced.",[20,138321,138322],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138324,138325,138326,117],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[30,138327,126103,138328,1818],{"href":123830},[15,138329,123833],{},[46,138331,250,138333,11600],{"id":138332},"what-replace-returns",[15,138334,124274],{},[20,138336,138337,138339],{},[15,138338,124274],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138341,138342],{},"If no match is found:",[260,138344,138345,138348],{},[263,138346,138347],{},"no error happens",[263,138349,138350],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138352,2127],{},[51,138354,138356],{"className":53,"code":138355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138357,138358,138370,138400,138404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138359,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138361,34573],{"class":66},[60,138363,71],{"class":70},[60,138365,91],{"class":78},[60,138367,3759],{"class":82},[60,138369,3273],{"class":78},[60,138371,138372,138374,138376,138378,138380,138382,138384,138386,138388,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138373,688],{"class":66},[60,138375,71],{"class":70},[60,138377,42726],{"class":66},[60,138379,117],{"class":74},[60,138381,34884],{"class":120},[60,138383,124],{"class":74},[60,138385,79],{"class":78},[60,138387,2093],{"class":82},[60,138389,79],{"class":78},[60,138391,88],{"class":74},[60,138393,91],{"class":78},[60,138395,11640],{"class":82},[60,138397,79],{"class":78},[60,138399,133],{"class":74},[60,138401,138402],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138403,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,138405,138406,138408,138410,138412],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,138407,140],{"class":139},[60,138409,124],{"class":74},[60,138411,720],{"class":120},[60,138413,133],{"class":74},[20,138415,404],{},[51,138417,138419],{"className":53,"code":138418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello\n",[15,138420,138421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138422,138423],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138424,138418],{"class":66},[20,138426,138427],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[51,138429,138431],{"className":53,"code":138430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138432,138433,138445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138434,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138436,34573],{"class":66},[60,138438,71],{"class":70},[60,138440,91],{"class":78},[60,138442,60293],{"class":82},[60,138444,3273],{"class":78},[60,138446,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138448,129942],{"class":66},[60,138450,71],{"class":70},[60,138452,42726],{"class":66},[60,138454,117],{"class":74},[60,138456,34884],{"class":120},[60,138458,124],{"class":74},[60,138460,79],{"class":78},[60,138462,60478],{"class":82},[60,138464,79],{"class":78},[60,138466,88],{"class":74},[60,138468,91],{"class":78},[60,138470,7208],{"class":82},[60,138472,79],{"class":78},[60,138474,133],{"class":74},[20,138476,138477],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[51,138479,138481],{"className":53,"code":138480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138482,138483,138495],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138484,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138486,34573],{"class":66},[60,138488,71],{"class":70},[60,138490,91],{"class":78},[60,138492,60293],{"class":82},[60,138494,3273],{"class":78},[60,138496,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138498,34573],{"class":66},[60,138500,71],{"class":70},[60,138502,42726],{"class":66},[60,138504,117],{"class":74},[60,138506,34884],{"class":120},[60,138508,124],{"class":74},[60,138510,79],{"class":78},[60,138512,60478],{"class":82},[60,138514,79],{"class":78},[60,138516,88],{"class":74},[60,138518,91],{"class":78},[60,138520,7208],{"class":82},[60,138522,79],{"class":78},[60,138524,133],{"class":74},[46,138526,4430],{"id":4429},[20,138528,138529,138530,258],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138531,124274],{},[260,138533,138534,138537,138541,138544],{},[263,138535,138536],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[263,138538,1254,138539,131323],{},[15,138540,124274],{},[263,138542,138543],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[263,138545,1391,138546,138548],{},[15,138547,124274],{}," with regex-based replacements",[337,138550,138552,138553,138555],{"id":138551},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138554,124274],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138557,138558,138559,258],{},"This does not update ",[15,138560,34594],{},[51,138562,138564],{"className":53,"code":138563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138565,138566,138578,138604],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138569,34573],{"class":66},[60,138571,71],{"class":70},[60,138573,91],{"class":78},[60,138575,137589],{"class":82},[60,138577,3273],{"class":78},[60,138579,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138581,34594],{"class":66},[60,138583,117],{"class":74},[60,138585,34884],{"class":120},[60,138587,124],{"class":74},[60,138589,79],{"class":78},[60,138591,137610],{"class":82},[60,138593,79],{"class":78},[60,138595,88],{"class":74},[60,138597,91],{"class":78},[60,138599,137619],{"class":82},[60,138601,79],{"class":78},[60,138603,133],{"class":74},[60,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138607,140],{"class":139},[60,138609,124],{"class":74},[60,138611,34594],{"class":120},[60,138613,133],{"class":74},[20,138615,404],{},[51,138617,138618],{"className":53,"code":137837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138619,138620],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138621,138622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138623,137837],{"class":66},[20,138625,10711],{},[51,138627,138629],{"className":53,"code":138628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138630,138631,138643,138673],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138632,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138634,34573],{"class":66},[60,138636,71],{"class":70},[60,138638,91],{"class":78},[60,138640,137589],{"class":82},[60,138642,3273],{"class":78},[60,138644,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138646,34573],{"class":66},[60,138648,71],{"class":70},[60,138650,42726],{"class":66},[60,138652,117],{"class":74},[60,138654,34884],{"class":120},[60,138656,124],{"class":74},[60,138658,79],{"class":78},[60,138660,137610],{"class":82},[60,138662,79],{"class":78},[60,138664,88],{"class":74},[60,138666,91],{"class":78},[60,138668,137619],{"class":82},[60,138670,79],{"class":78},[60,138672,133],{"class":74},[60,138674,138675,138677,138679,138681],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,138676,140],{"class":139},[60,138678,124],{"class":74},[60,138680,34594],{"class":120},[60,138682,133],{"class":74},[20,138684,404],{},[51,138686,138687],{"className":53,"code":137638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138688,138689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138690,138691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138692,137638],{"class":66},[337,138694,138696],{"id":138695},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[51,138698,138700],{"className":53,"code":138699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138701,138702,138714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138703,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138705,34573],{"class":66},[60,138707,71],{"class":70},[60,138709,91],{"class":78},[60,138711,34752],{"class":82},[60,138713,3273],{"class":78},[60,138715,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138717,140],{"class":139},[60,138719,124],{"class":74},[60,138721,34594],{"class":120},[60,138723,117],{"class":74},[60,138725,34884],{"class":120},[60,138727,124],{"class":74},[60,138729,79],{"class":78},[60,138731,3759],{"class":82},[60,138733,79],{"class":78},[60,138735,88],{"class":74},[60,138737,91],{"class":78},[60,138739,89824],{"class":82},[60,138741,79],{"class":78},[60,138743,1691],{"class":74},[20,138745,404],{},[51,138747,138748],{"className":53,"code":88837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,138749,138750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138751,138752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138753,88837],{"class":66},[20,138755,138756,138757,1776,138759,138761],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138758,64422],{},[15,138760,90306],{}," are not the same.",[337,138763,138765],{"id":138764},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[51,138767,138769],{"className":53,"code":138768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138770,138771,138784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138772,138773,138775,138777,138779,138782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138774,34573],{"class":66},[60,138776,71],{"class":70},[60,138778,91],{"class":78},[60,138780,138781],{"class":82},"red red red",[60,138783,3273],{"class":78},[60,138785,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138787,140],{"class":139},[60,138789,124],{"class":74},[60,138791,34594],{"class":120},[60,138793,117],{"class":74},[60,138795,34884],{"class":120},[60,138797,124],{"class":74},[60,138799,79],{"class":78},[60,138801,83],{"class":82},[60,138803,79],{"class":78},[60,138805,88],{"class":74},[60,138807,91],{"class":78},[60,138809,94],{"class":82},[60,138811,79],{"class":78},[60,138813,1691],{"class":74},[20,138815,404],{},[51,138817,138819],{"className":53,"code":138818,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138820,138821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138822,138823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138824,138818],{"class":66},[20,138826,138827,138828,258],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138829,41144],{},[51,138831,138833],{"className":53,"code":138832,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138834,138835,138847],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138836,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138838,34573],{"class":66},[60,138840,71],{"class":70},[60,138842,91],{"class":78},[60,138844,138781],{"class":82},[60,138846,3273],{"class":78},[60,138848,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138850,140],{"class":139},[60,138852,124],{"class":74},[60,138854,34594],{"class":120},[60,138856,117],{"class":74},[60,138858,34884],{"class":120},[60,138860,124],{"class":74},[60,138862,79],{"class":78},[60,138864,83],{"class":82},[60,138866,79],{"class":78},[60,138868,88],{"class":74},[60,138870,91],{"class":78},[60,138872,94],{"class":82},[60,138874,79],{"class":78},[60,138876,88],{"class":74},[60,138878,5408],{"class":357},[60,138880,1691],{"class":74},[20,138882,404],{},[51,138884,138886],{"className":53,"code":138885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue red red\n",[15,138887,138888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138889,138890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138891,138885],{"class":66},[337,138893,138895,138896,138898],{"id":138894},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138897,124274],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138900,138901],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[260,138903,138904,138911,138918],{},[263,138905,243,138906,138910],{},[30,138907,138908],{"href":128790},[15,138909,60418],{}," to break a string into a list",[263,138912,243,138913,138917],{},[30,138914,138915],{"href":136673},[15,138916,41538],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[263,138919,243,138920,138922],{},[15,138921,124274],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[46,138924,1746],{"id":1745},[337,138926,12599,138928,124430],{"id":138927},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138929,124274],{},[20,138931,138932],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[337,138934,138936],{"id":138935},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138938,138939],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[337,138941,138943],{"id":138942},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138945,138946],{},"Use the third argument:",[51,138948,138950],{"className":53,"code":138949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138951,138952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138953,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138955,34594],{"class":66},[60,138957,117],{"class":74},[60,138959,34884],{"class":120},[60,138961,124],{"class":74},[60,138963,137700],{"class":120},[60,138965,88],{"class":74},[60,138967,137705],{"class":120},[60,138969,88],{"class":74},[60,138971,5408],{"class":357},[60,138973,133],{"class":74},[337,138975,5079,138977,138979],{"id":138976},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138978,124274],{}," remove text?",[20,138981,138982],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[51,138984,138986],{"className":53,"code":138985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138987,138988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138989,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138991,34594],{"class":66},[60,138993,117],{"class":74},[60,138995,34884],{"class":120},[60,138997,124],{"class":74},[60,138999,79],{"class":78},[60,139001,2093],{"class":82},[60,139003,79],{"class":78},[60,139005,88],{"class":74},[60,139007,6038],{"class":78},[60,139009,133],{"class":74},[337,139011,14794,139013,124439],{"id":139012},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139014,124274],{},[20,139016,129632],{},[46,139018,1808],{"id":1807},[260,139020,139021,139025,139031,139037,139043],{},[263,139022,139023],{},[30,139024,124509],{"href":124271},[263,139026,139027],{},[30,139028,126103,139029,1818],{"href":128790},[15,139030,60418],{},[263,139032,139033],{},[30,139034,126103,139035,1818],{"href":136673},[15,139036,41538],{},[263,139038,139039],{},[30,139040,126103,139041,1818],{"href":123830},[15,139042,123833],{},[263,139044,139045],{},[30,139046,124858],{"href":50861},[1841,139048,139049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":139051},[139052,139053,139055,139058,139059,139063,139067,139068,139070,139078,139088],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":137653,"depth":111,"text":139054},"What replace() does",{"id":5340,"depth":111,"text":5341,"children":139056},[139057],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":5697,"depth":111,"text":5698},{"id":137868,"depth":111,"text":137869,"children":139060},[139061,139062],{"id":137882,"depth":136,"text":137883},{"id":137963,"depth":136,"text":137964},{"id":138051,"depth":111,"text":138052,"children":139064},[139065,139066],{"id":138060,"depth":136,"text":138061},{"id":138136,"depth":136,"text":138137},{"id":123749,"depth":111,"text":123750},{"id":138332,"depth":111,"text":139069},"What replace() returns",{"id":4429,"depth":111,"text":4430,"children":139071},[139072,139074,139075,139076],{"id":138551,"depth":136,"text":139073},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138695,"depth":136,"text":138696},{"id":138764,"depth":136,"text":138765},{"id":138894,"depth":136,"text":139077},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":139079},[139080,139082,139083,139084,139086],{"id":138927,"depth":136,"text":139081},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138935,"depth":136,"text":138936},{"id":138942,"depth":136,"text":138943},{"id":138976,"depth":136,"text":139085},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139012,"depth":136,"text":139087},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137538,"description":139089},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139096,"title":139097,"body":139098,"description":141117,"extension":1883,"meta":141118,"navigation":152,"path":141119,"seo":141120,"stem":141121,"__hash__":141122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139099,"toc":141081},[139100,139105,139110,139113,139124,139126,139181,139186,139191,139198,139200,139215,139217,139273,139275,139313,139318,139320,139344,139347,139360,139365,139367,139399,139401,139434,139440,139445,139448,139458,139461,139463,139519,139521,139571,139574,139582,139585,139641,139643,139716,139729,139737,139741,139752,139755,139758,139811,139813,139845,139848,139902,139904,139939,139942,139947,139952,139957,139960,139962,140020,140022,140056,140058,140073,140076,140078,140120,140122,140148,140153,140161,140164,140166,140248,140250,140301,140304,140315,140323,140325,140398,140400,140418,140422,140425,140429,140456,140458,140466,140470,140505,140507,140520,140524,140527,140566,140568,140585,140590,140595,140606,140609,140620,140622,140624,140650,140653,140702,140704,140721,140724,140726,140778,140780,140812,140815,140873,140878,140880,140885,140988,140990,141004,141006,141013,141018,141023,141028,141033,141038,141041,141045,141050,141052,141078],[10,139101,123103,139103,18],{"id":139102},"python-string-split-method",[15,139104,60418],{},[20,139106,123108,139107,139109],{},[15,139108,60418],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139111,139112],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[260,139114,139115,139118,139121],{},[263,139116,139117],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[263,139119,139120],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[263,139122,139123],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[46,139125,49],{"id":48},[51,139127,139129],{"className":53,"code":139128,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139130,139131,139144,139166,139176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139132,139133,139135,139137,139139,139142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139134,34573],{"class":66},[60,139136,71],{"class":70},[60,139138,91],{"class":78},[60,139140,139141],{"class":82},"apple,banana,cherry",[60,139143,3273],{"class":78},[60,139145,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162,139164],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139147,42721],{"class":66},[60,139149,71],{"class":70},[60,139151,42726],{"class":66},[60,139153,117],{"class":74},[60,139155,34354],{"class":120},[60,139157,124],{"class":74},[60,139159,79],{"class":78},[60,139161,88],{"class":82},[60,139163,79],{"class":78},[60,139165,133],{"class":74},[60,139167,139168,139170,139172,139174],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139169,140],{"class":139},[60,139171,124],{"class":74},[60,139173,42753],{"class":120},[60,139175,133],{"class":74},[60,139177,139178],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139179,139180],{"class":177},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139182,243,139183,139185],{},[15,139184,60418],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[46,139187,250,139189,253],{"id":139188},"what-split-does",[15,139190,60418],{},[20,139192,139193,132151,139195,117],{},[15,139194,60418],{},[41,139196,139197],{},"string method",[20,139199,48812],{},[260,139201,139202,139205,139210],{},[263,139203,139204],{},"divides a string into parts",[263,139206,119405,139207],{},[41,139208,139209],{},"new list of strings",[263,139211,119411,139212,139214],{},[41,139213,43],{}," change the original string",[20,139216,2127],{},[51,139218,139220],{"className":53,"code":139219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139221,139222,139235,139249,139253,139263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139223,139224,139226,139228,139230,139233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139225,34573],{"class":66},[60,139227,71],{"class":70},[60,139229,91],{"class":78},[60,139231,139232],{"class":82},"red blue green",[60,139234,3273],{"class":78},[60,139236,139237,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139238,42721],{"class":66},[60,139240,71],{"class":70},[60,139242,42726],{"class":66},[60,139244,117],{"class":74},[60,139246,34354],{"class":120},[60,139248,8555],{"class":74},[60,139250,139251],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139252,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,139254,139255,139257,139259,139261],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139256,140],{"class":139},[60,139258,124],{"class":74},[60,139260,34594],{"class":120},[60,139262,133],{"class":74},[60,139264,139265,139267,139269,139271],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,139266,140],{"class":139},[60,139268,124],{"class":74},[60,139270,42753],{"class":120},[60,139272,133],{"class":74},[20,139274,404],{},[51,139276,139278],{"className":53,"code":139277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139279,139280,139285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139281,139282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139283,139284],{"class":66},"red blue green\n",[60,139286,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139288,3812],{"class":74},[60,139290,205],{"class":78},[60,139292,83],{"class":82},[60,139294,205],{"class":78},[60,139296,88],{"class":74},[60,139298,214],{"class":78},[60,139300,94],{"class":82},[60,139302,205],{"class":78},[60,139304,88],{"class":74},[60,139306,214],{"class":78},[60,139308,103],{"class":82},[60,139310,205],{"class":78},[60,139312,1525],{"class":74},[20,139314,139315,139316,117],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[30,139317,124858],{"href":50861},[46,139319,296],{"id":295},[51,139321,139323],{"className":53,"code":139322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139324,139325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139326,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139328,61061],{"class":66},[60,139330,117],{"class":74},[60,139332,34354],{"class":120},[60,139334,124],{"class":74},[60,139336,133507],{"class":120},[60,139338,88],{"class":74},[60,139340,139341],{"class":120}," maxsplit",[60,139343,133],{"class":74},[20,139345,139346],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[260,139348,139349,139354],{},[263,139350,139351,139353],{},[15,139352,133507],{}," tells Python where to split",[263,139355,139356,139359],{},[15,139357,139358],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139361,1656,139362,139364],{},[15,139363,133507],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139366,2127],{},[51,139368,139370],{"className":53,"code":139369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139371,139372,139385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139373,139374,139376,139378,139380,139383],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139375,34573],{"class":66},[60,139377,71],{"class":70},[60,139379,91],{"class":78},[60,139381,139382],{"class":82},"one two three",[60,139384,3273],{"class":78},[60,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139388,140],{"class":139},[60,139390,124],{"class":74},[60,139392,34594],{"class":120},[60,139394,117],{"class":74},[60,139396,34354],{"class":120},[60,139398,7105],{"class":74},[20,139400,404],{},[51,139402,139404],{"className":53,"code":139403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139405,139406],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139407,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139409,3812],{"class":74},[60,139411,205],{"class":78},[60,139413,6496],{"class":82},[60,139415,205],{"class":78},[60,139417,88],{"class":74},[60,139419,214],{"class":78},[60,139421,79159],{"class":82},[60,139423,205],{"class":78},[60,139425,88],{"class":74},[60,139427,214],{"class":78},[60,139429,133989],{"class":82},[60,139431,205],{"class":78},[60,139433,1525],{"class":74},[46,139435,8331,139437,139439],{"id":139436},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139438,60418],{}," with no separator",[20,139441,70062,139442,139444],{},[15,139443,60418],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139446,139447],{},"Whitespace includes:",[260,139449,139450,139452,139455],{},[263,139451,10358],{},[263,139453,139454],{},"tabs",[263,139456,139457],{},"new lines",[20,139459,139460],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139462,2127],{},[51,139464,139466],{"className":53,"code":139465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139467,139468,139491,139505,139509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139469,139470,139472,139474,139476,139479,139482,139484,139486,139489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139471,34573],{"class":66},[60,139473,71],{"class":70},[60,139475,91],{"class":78},[60,139477,139478],{"class":82},"Python   is",[60,139480,139481],{"class":34338},"\\t",[60,139483,133243],{"class":82},[60,139485,87041],{"class":34338},[60,139487,139488],{"class":82},"and useful",[60,139490,3273],{"class":78},[60,139492,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139494,42721],{"class":66},[60,139496,71],{"class":70},[60,139498,42726],{"class":66},[60,139500,117],{"class":74},[60,139502,34354],{"class":120},[60,139504,8555],{"class":74},[60,139506,139507],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139508,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139512,140],{"class":139},[60,139514,124],{"class":74},[60,139516,42753],{"class":120},[60,139518,133],{"class":74},[20,139520,404],{},[51,139522,139524],{"className":53,"code":139523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139525,139526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139527,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139567,139569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139529,3812],{"class":74},[60,139531,205],{"class":78},[60,139533,7208],{"class":82},[60,139535,205],{"class":78},[60,139537,88],{"class":74},[60,139539,214],{"class":78},[60,139541,12088],{"class":82},[60,139543,205],{"class":78},[60,139545,88],{"class":74},[60,139547,214],{"class":78},[60,139549,133243],{"class":82},[60,139551,205],{"class":78},[60,139553,88],{"class":74},[60,139555,214],{"class":78},[60,139557,129868],{"class":82},[60,139559,205],{"class":78},[60,139561,88],{"class":74},[60,139563,214],{"class":78},[60,139565,139566],{"class":82},"useful",[60,139568,205],{"class":78},[60,139570,1525],{"class":74},[20,139572,139573],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[337,139575,139577,474,139579],{"id":139576},"split-vs-split",[15,139578,60418],{},[15,139580,139581],{},"split(' ')",[20,139583,139584],{},"These are not the same.",[51,139586,139588],{"className":53,"code":139587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139589,139590,139603,139607,139621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139591,139592,139594,139596,139598,139601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139593,34573],{"class":66},[60,139595,71],{"class":70},[60,139597,91],{"class":78},[60,139599,139600],{"class":82},"a  b   c",[60,139602,3273],{"class":78},[60,139604,139605],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139606,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,139608,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139610,140],{"class":139},[60,139612,124],{"class":74},[60,139614,34594],{"class":120},[60,139616,117],{"class":74},[60,139618,34354],{"class":120},[60,139620,7105],{"class":74},[60,139622,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139624,140],{"class":139},[60,139626,124],{"class":74},[60,139628,34594],{"class":120},[60,139630,117],{"class":74},[60,139632,34354],{"class":120},[60,139634,124],{"class":74},[60,139636,79],{"class":78},[60,139638,91],{"class":78},[60,139640,1691],{"class":74},[20,139642,404],{},[51,139644,139646],{"className":53,"code":139645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139647,139648,139676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139649,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139651,3812],{"class":74},[60,139653,205],{"class":78},[60,139655,30],{"class":82},[60,139657,205],{"class":78},[60,139659,88],{"class":74},[60,139661,214],{"class":78},[60,139663,1428],{"class":82},[60,139665,205],{"class":78},[60,139667,88],{"class":74},[60,139669,214],{"class":78},[60,139671,1437],{"class":82},[60,139673,205],{"class":78},[60,139675,1525],{"class":74},[60,139677,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139679,3812],{"class":74},[60,139681,205],{"class":78},[60,139683,30],{"class":82},[60,139685,205],{"class":78},[60,139687,88],{"class":74},[60,139689,3752],{"class":78},[60,139691,88],{"class":74},[60,139693,214],{"class":78},[60,139695,1428],{"class":82},[60,139697,205],{"class":78},[60,139699,88],{"class":74},[60,139701,3752],{"class":78},[60,139703,88],{"class":74},[60,139705,3752],{"class":78},[60,139707,88],{"class":74},[60,139709,214],{"class":78},[60,139711,1437],{"class":82},[60,139713,205],{"class":78},[60,139715,1525],{"class":74},[260,139717,139718,139723],{},[263,139719,139720,139722],{},[15,139721,60418],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[263,139724,139725,139728],{},[15,139726,139727],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139730,139731,139732,139736],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[30,139733,126103,139734,1818],{"href":136673},[15,139735,41538],{}," is often useful.",[46,139738,139740],{"id":139739},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139742,139743,139744,36,139747,2112,139749,117],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139745,139746],{},"\",\"",[15,139748,133342],{},[15,139750,139751],{},"\"::\"",[20,139753,139754],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139756,139757],{},"Example with commas:",[51,139759,139761],{"className":53,"code":139760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139762,139763,139775,139797,139801],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139764,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139766,34573],{"class":66},[60,139768,71],{"class":70},[60,139770,91],{"class":78},[60,139772,139141],{"class":82},[60,139774,3273],{"class":78},[60,139776,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139778,42721],{"class":66},[60,139780,71],{"class":70},[60,139782,42726],{"class":66},[60,139784,117],{"class":74},[60,139786,34354],{"class":120},[60,139788,124],{"class":74},[60,139790,79],{"class":78},[60,139792,88],{"class":82},[60,139794,79],{"class":78},[60,139796,133],{"class":74},[60,139798,139799],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139800,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,139802,139803,139805,139807,139809],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139804,140],{"class":139},[60,139806,124],{"class":74},[60,139808,42753],{"class":120},[60,139810,133],{"class":74},[20,139812,404],{},[51,139814,139815],{"className":53,"code":78338,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,139816,139817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139818,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139820,3812],{"class":74},[60,139822,205],{"class":78},[60,139824,495],{"class":82},[60,139826,205],{"class":78},[60,139828,88],{"class":74},[60,139830,214],{"class":78},[60,139832,504],{"class":82},[60,139834,205],{"class":78},[60,139836,88],{"class":74},[60,139838,214],{"class":78},[60,139840,4008],{"class":82},[60,139842,205],{"class":78},[60,139844,1525],{"class":74},[20,139846,139847],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[51,139849,139851],{"className":53,"code":139850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139852,139853,139866,139888,139892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139854,139855,139857,139859,139861,139864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139856,34573],{"class":66},[60,139858,71],{"class":70},[60,139860,91],{"class":78},[60,139862,139863],{"class":82},"2024::10::31",[60,139865,3273],{"class":78},[60,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139869,42721],{"class":66},[60,139871,71],{"class":70},[60,139873,42726],{"class":66},[60,139875,117],{"class":74},[60,139877,34354],{"class":120},[60,139879,124],{"class":74},[60,139881,79],{"class":78},[60,139883,76555],{"class":82},[60,139885,79],{"class":78},[60,139887,133],{"class":74},[60,139889,139890],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,139891,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,139893,139894,139896,139898,139900],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,139895,140],{"class":139},[60,139897,124],{"class":74},[60,139899,42753],{"class":120},[60,139901,133],{"class":74},[20,139903,404],{},[51,139905,139907],{"className":53,"code":139906,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139908,139909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139910,139911,139913,139915,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932,139935,139937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139912,3812],{"class":74},[60,139914,205],{"class":78},[60,139916,139917],{"class":82},"2024",[60,139919,205],{"class":78},[60,139921,88],{"class":74},[60,139923,214],{"class":78},[60,139925,2250],{"class":82},[60,139927,205],{"class":78},[60,139929,88],{"class":74},[60,139931,214],{"class":78},[60,139933,139934],{"class":82},"31",[60,139936,205],{"class":78},[60,139938,1525],{"class":74},[20,139940,139941],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139943,139944,139945,117],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[30,139946,128787],{"href":128786},[46,139948,8331,139950],{"id":139949},"using-maxsplit",[15,139951,139358],{},[20,139953,139954,139956],{},[15,139955,139358],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139958,139959],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139961,2127],{},[51,139963,139965],{"className":53,"code":139964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139966,139967,139980,140006,140010],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139968,139969,139971,139973,139975,139978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139970,34573],{"class":66},[60,139972,71],{"class":70},[60,139974,91],{"class":78},[60,139976,139977],{"class":82},"name:age:city:country",[60,139979,3273],{"class":78},[60,139981,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139983,42721],{"class":66},[60,139985,71],{"class":70},[60,139987,42726],{"class":66},[60,139989,117],{"class":74},[60,139991,34354],{"class":120},[60,139993,124],{"class":74},[60,139995,79],{"class":78},[60,139997,258],{"class":82},[60,139999,79],{"class":78},[60,140001,88],{"class":74},[60,140003,363],{"class":357},[60,140005,133],{"class":74},[60,140007,140008],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140009,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140013,140],{"class":139},[60,140015,124],{"class":74},[60,140017,42753],{"class":120},[60,140019,133],{"class":74},[20,140021,404],{},[51,140023,140025],{"className":53,"code":140024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140026,140027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140028,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140052,140054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140030,3812],{"class":74},[60,140032,205],{"class":78},[60,140034,7580],{"class":82},[60,140036,205],{"class":78},[60,140038,88],{"class":74},[60,140040,214],{"class":78},[60,140042,9206],{"class":82},[60,140044,205],{"class":78},[60,140046,88],{"class":74},[60,140048,214],{"class":78},[60,140050,140051],{"class":82},"city:country",[60,140053,205],{"class":78},[60,140055,1525],{"class":74},[20,140057,2098],{},[260,140059,140060,140065,140070],{},[263,140061,140062,140063],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140064,258],{},[263,140066,140067,140068],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140069,258],{},[263,140071,140072],{},"then stops",[20,140074,140075],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140077,51966],{},[51,140079,140081],{"className":53,"code":140080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140082,140083,140096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140084,140085,140087,140089,140091,140094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140086,34573],{"class":66},[60,140088,71],{"class":70},[60,140090,91],{"class":78},[60,140092,140093],{"class":82},"apple banana cherry grape",[60,140095,3273],{"class":78},[60,140097,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140099,140],{"class":139},[60,140101,124],{"class":74},[60,140103,34594],{"class":120},[60,140105,117],{"class":74},[60,140107,34354],{"class":120},[60,140109,124],{"class":74},[60,140111,79],{"class":78},[60,140113,91],{"class":78},[60,140115,88],{"class":74},[60,140117,5408],{"class":357},[60,140119,1691],{"class":74},[20,140121,404],{},[51,140123,140125],{"className":53,"code":140124,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140126,140127],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140128,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140144,140146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140130,3812],{"class":74},[60,140132,205],{"class":78},[60,140134,495],{"class":82},[60,140136,205],{"class":78},[60,140138,88],{"class":74},[60,140140,214],{"class":78},[60,140142,140143],{"class":82},"banana cherry grape",[60,140145,205],{"class":78},[60,140147,1525],{"class":74},[46,140149,250,140151,11600],{"id":140150},"what-split-returns",[15,140152,60418],{},[20,140154,140155,140156,140158,140159,117],{},"The result of ",[15,140157,60418],{}," is always a ",[41,140160,8006],{},[20,140162,140163],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140165,2127],{},[51,140167,140169],{"className":53,"code":140168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140170,140171,140184,140206,140210,140220,140234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140172,140173,140175,140177,140179,140182],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140174,34573],{"class":66},[60,140176,71],{"class":70},[60,140178,91],{"class":78},[60,140180,140181],{"class":82},"cat,dog,bird",[60,140183,3273],{"class":78},[60,140185,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140187,42721],{"class":66},[60,140189,71],{"class":70},[60,140191,42726],{"class":66},[60,140193,117],{"class":74},[60,140195,34354],{"class":120},[60,140197,124],{"class":74},[60,140199,79],{"class":78},[60,140201,88],{"class":82},[60,140203,79],{"class":78},[60,140205,133],{"class":74},[60,140207,140208],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140209,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140211,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140213,140],{"class":139},[60,140215,124],{"class":74},[60,140217,42753],{"class":120},[60,140219,133],{"class":74},[60,140221,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,140223,140],{"class":139},[60,140225,124],{"class":74},[60,140227,1684],{"class":1683},[60,140229,124],{"class":74},[60,140231,42753],{"class":120},[60,140233,1691],{"class":74},[60,140235,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,140237,140],{"class":139},[60,140239,124],{"class":74},[60,140241,42753],{"class":120},[60,140243,3812],{"class":74},[60,140245,2039],{"class":357},[60,140247,1646],{"class":74},[20,140249,404],{},[51,140251,140253],{"className":53,"code":140252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140254,140255,140283,140297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140256,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140258,3812],{"class":74},[60,140260,205],{"class":78},[60,140262,36931],{"class":82},[60,140264,205],{"class":78},[60,140266,88],{"class":74},[60,140268,214],{"class":78},[60,140270,58013],{"class":82},[60,140272,205],{"class":78},[60,140274,88],{"class":74},[60,140276,214],{"class":78},[60,140278,58030],{"class":82},[60,140280,205],{"class":78},[60,140282,1525],{"class":74},[60,140284,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140286,3205],{"class":70},[60,140288,3208],{"class":1984},[60,140290,214],{"class":78},[60,140292,8006],{"class":82},[60,140294,205],{"class":78},[60,140296,3217],{"class":70},[60,140298,140299],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140300,85357],{"class":66},[20,140302,140303],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[260,140305,140306,140309,140312],{},[263,140307,140308],{},"loop over it",[263,140310,140311],{},"access items by index",[263,140313,140314],{},"combine items again later",[20,140316,140317,140318,117],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[30,140319,126103,140321,1818],{"href":140320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140322,133185],{},[20,140324,2127],{},[51,140326,140328],{"className":53,"code":140327,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140329,140330,140362,140384,140388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140333,42721],{"class":66},[60,140335,71],{"class":70},[60,140337,1512],{"class":74},[60,140339,205],{"class":78},[60,140341,36931],{"class":82},[60,140343,205],{"class":78},[60,140345,88],{"class":74},[60,140347,214],{"class":78},[60,140349,58013],{"class":82},[60,140351,205],{"class":78},[60,140353,88],{"class":74},[60,140355,214],{"class":78},[60,140357,58030],{"class":82},[60,140359,205],{"class":78},[60,140361,1525],{"class":74},[60,140363,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140365,34573],{"class":66},[60,140367,71],{"class":70},[60,140369,91],{"class":78},[60,140371,1942],{"class":82},[60,140373,79],{"class":78},[60,140375,117],{"class":74},[60,140377,133262],{"class":120},[60,140379,124],{"class":74},[60,140381,42753],{"class":120},[60,140383,133],{"class":74},[60,140385,140386],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140387,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140389,140390,140392,140394,140396],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140391,140],{"class":139},[60,140393,124],{"class":74},[60,140395,34594],{"class":120},[60,140397,133],{"class":74},[20,140399,404],{},[51,140401,140403],{"className":53,"code":140402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140404,140405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140406,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140408,36931],{"class":66},[60,140410,1942],{"class":70},[60,140412,58013],{"class":66},[60,140414,1942],{"class":70},[60,140416,140417],{"class":66},"bird\n",[46,140419,140421],{"id":140420},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140423,140424],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[337,140426,140428],{"id":140427},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[51,140430,140432],{"className":53,"code":140431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140433,140434,140442],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140435,140436,140438,140440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140437,34573],{"class":66},[60,140439,71],{"class":70},[60,140441,7793],{"class":78},[60,140443,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140445,140],{"class":139},[60,140447,124],{"class":74},[60,140449,34594],{"class":120},[60,140451,117],{"class":74},[60,140453,34354],{"class":120},[60,140455,7105],{"class":74},[20,140457,404],{},[51,140459,140460],{"className":53,"code":38181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140461,140462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140463,140464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140465,38181],{"class":74},[337,140467,140469],{"id":140468},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[51,140471,140473],{"className":53,"code":140472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140474,140475,140483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140476,140477,140479,140481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140478,34573],{"class":66},[60,140480,71],{"class":70},[60,140482,7793],{"class":78},[60,140484,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140486,140],{"class":139},[60,140488,124],{"class":74},[60,140490,34594],{"class":120},[60,140492,117],{"class":74},[60,140494,34354],{"class":120},[60,140496,124],{"class":74},[60,140498,79],{"class":78},[60,140500,88],{"class":82},[60,140502,79],{"class":78},[60,140504,1691],{"class":74},[20,140506,404],{},[51,140508,140510],{"className":53,"code":140509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['']\n",[15,140511,140512],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140513,140514,140516,140518],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140515,3812],{"class":74},[60,140517,3687],{"class":78},[60,140519,1525],{"class":74},[337,140521,140523],{"id":140522},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140525,140526],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[51,140528,140530],{"className":53,"code":140529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140531,140532,140544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140533,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140535,34573],{"class":66},[60,140537,71],{"class":70},[60,140539,91],{"class":78},[60,140541,3759],{"class":82},[60,140543,3273],{"class":78},[60,140545,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140547,140],{"class":139},[60,140549,124],{"class":74},[60,140551,34594],{"class":120},[60,140553,117],{"class":74},[60,140555,34354],{"class":120},[60,140557,124],{"class":74},[60,140559,79],{"class":78},[60,140561,88],{"class":82},[60,140563,79],{"class":78},[60,140565,1691],{"class":74},[20,140567,404],{},[51,140569,140571],{"className":53,"code":140570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello']\n",[15,140572,140573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140576,3812],{"class":74},[60,140578,205],{"class":78},[60,140580,3759],{"class":82},[60,140582,205],{"class":78},[60,140584,1525],{"class":74},[46,140586,1220,140588],{"id":140587},"when-to-use-split",[15,140589,60418],{},[20,140591,243,140592,140594],{},[15,140593,60418],{}," when you need to:",[260,140596,140597,140600,140603],{},[263,140598,140599],{},"split a sentence into words",[263,140601,140602],{},"split comma-separated values",[263,140604,140605],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140607,140608],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[260,140610,140611,140614,140617],{},[263,140612,140613],{},"cleaning text",[263,140615,140616],{},"parsing user input",[263,140618,140619],{},"processing simple file content",[46,140621,1245],{"id":1244},[20,140623,84128],{},[260,140625,140626,140630,140636,140639,140647],{},[263,140627,50391,140628,131323],{},[15,140629,60418],{},[263,140631,140632,140633,140635],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140634,60418],{}," returns a list, not a string",[263,140637,140638],{},"using the wrong separator",[263,140640,140641,140642,140644,140645],{},"assuming ",[15,140643,139581],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140646,60418],{},[263,140648,140649],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140651,140652],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[51,140654,140656],{"className":53,"code":140655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140657,140658,140670,140688,140692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140659,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140661,34573],{"class":66},[60,140663,71],{"class":70},[60,140665,91],{"class":78},[60,140667,42714],{"class":82},[60,140669,3273],{"class":78},[60,140671,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140673,34594],{"class":66},[60,140675,117],{"class":74},[60,140677,34354],{"class":120},[60,140679,124],{"class":74},[60,140681,79],{"class":78},[60,140683,88],{"class":82},[60,140685,79],{"class":78},[60,140687,133],{"class":74},[60,140689,140690],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140691,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140693,140694,140696,140698,140700],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140695,140],{"class":139},[60,140697,124],{"class":74},[60,140699,34594],{"class":120},[60,140701,133],{"class":74},[20,140703,404],{},[51,140705,140707],{"className":53,"code":140706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a,b,c\n",[15,140708,140709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140710,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140712,30],{"class":66},[60,140714,88],{"class":74},[60,140716,1428],{"class":66},[60,140718,88],{"class":74},[60,140720,69134],{"class":66},[20,140722,140723],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140725,10711],{},[51,140727,140728],{"className":53,"code":42701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140729,140730,140742,140764,140768],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140733,34573],{"class":66},[60,140735,71],{"class":70},[60,140737,91],{"class":78},[60,140739,42714],{"class":82},[60,140741,3273],{"class":78},[60,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140745,42721],{"class":66},[60,140747,71],{"class":70},[60,140749,42726],{"class":66},[60,140751,117],{"class":74},[60,140753,34354],{"class":120},[60,140755,124],{"class":74},[60,140757,79],{"class":78},[60,140759,88],{"class":82},[60,140761,79],{"class":78},[60,140763,133],{"class":74},[60,140765,140766],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140767,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140769,140770,140772,140774,140776],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140771,140],{"class":139},[60,140773,124],{"class":74},[60,140775,42753],{"class":120},[60,140777,133],{"class":74},[20,140779,404],{},[51,140781,140782],{"className":53,"code":42760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140783,140784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140785,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140787,3812],{"class":74},[60,140789,205],{"class":78},[60,140791,30],{"class":82},[60,140793,205],{"class":78},[60,140795,88],{"class":74},[60,140797,214],{"class":78},[60,140799,1428],{"class":82},[60,140801,205],{"class":78},[60,140803,88],{"class":74},[60,140805,214],{"class":78},[60,140807,1437],{"class":82},[60,140809,205],{"class":78},[60,140811,1525],{"class":74},[20,140813,140814],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[51,140816,140818],{"className":53,"code":140817,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140819,140820,140833,140855,140859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140823,34573],{"class":66},[60,140825,71],{"class":70},[60,140827,91],{"class":78},[60,140829,140830],{"class":82},"apple,banana",[60,140832,3273],{"class":78},[60,140834,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140836,42721],{"class":66},[60,140838,71],{"class":70},[60,140840,42726],{"class":66},[60,140842,117],{"class":74},[60,140844,34354],{"class":120},[60,140846,124],{"class":74},[60,140848,79],{"class":78},[60,140850,88],{"class":82},[60,140852,79],{"class":78},[60,140854,133],{"class":74},[60,140856,140857],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140858,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,140860,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140862,140],{"class":139},[60,140864,124],{"class":74},[60,140866,42753],{"class":120},[60,140868,3812],{"class":74},[60,140870,1303],{"class":357},[60,140872,1646],{"class":74},[20,140874,140875,140876,117],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[30,140877,69147],{"href":69146},[337,140879,60597],{"id":60596},[20,140881,1656,140882,140884],{},[15,140883,60418],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[51,140886,140888],{"className":53,"code":140887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140889,140890,140900,140914,140936,140962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140891,140892,140894,140896,140898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140893,140],{"class":139},[60,140895,124],{"class":74},[60,140897,34594],{"class":120},[60,140899,133],{"class":74},[60,140901,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140903,140],{"class":139},[60,140905,124],{"class":74},[60,140907,34594],{"class":120},[60,140909,117],{"class":74},[60,140911,34354],{"class":120},[60,140913,7105],{"class":74},[60,140915,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,140917,140],{"class":139},[60,140919,124],{"class":74},[60,140921,34594],{"class":120},[60,140923,117],{"class":74},[60,140925,34354],{"class":120},[60,140927,124],{"class":74},[60,140929,205],{"class":78},[60,140931,88],{"class":82},[60,140933,205],{"class":78},[60,140935,1691],{"class":74},[60,140937,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,140939,140],{"class":139},[60,140941,124],{"class":74},[60,140943,11064],{"class":139},[60,140945,124],{"class":74},[60,140947,34594],{"class":120},[60,140949,117],{"class":74},[60,140951,34354],{"class":120},[60,140953,124],{"class":74},[60,140955,205],{"class":78},[60,140957,88],{"class":82},[60,140959,205],{"class":78},[60,140961,2827],{"class":74},[60,140963,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,140965,140],{"class":139},[60,140967,124],{"class":74},[60,140969,1684],{"class":1683},[60,140971,124],{"class":74},[60,140973,34594],{"class":120},[60,140975,117],{"class":74},[60,140977,34354],{"class":120},[60,140979,124],{"class":74},[60,140981,205],{"class":78},[60,140983,88],{"class":82},[60,140985,205],{"class":78},[60,140987,2827],{"class":74},[20,140989,1728],{},[260,140991,140992,140995,140998,141001],{},[263,140993,140994],{},"what the original string looks like",[263,140996,140997],{},"which separator works",[263,140999,141000],{},"how many items were created",[263,141002,141003],{},"that the result is a list",[46,141005,1746],{"id":1745},[337,141007,1773,141009,1776,141011,1779],{"id":141008},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141010,60418],{},[15,141012,139581],{},[20,141014,141015,141017],{},[15,141016,60418],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141019,141020,141022],{},[15,141021,139581],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[337,141024,12599,141026,124430],{"id":141025},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141027,60418],{},[20,141029,141030,141031,56364],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141032,60418],{},[337,141034,1760,141036,39845],{"id":141035},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141037,139358],{},[20,141039,141040],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[337,141042,141044],{"id":141043},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141046,28946,141047,141049],{},[15,141048,60418],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[46,141051,1808],{"id":1807},[260,141053,141054,141058,141064,141070,141074],{},[263,141055,141056],{},[30,141057,129708],{"href":128786},[263,141059,141060],{},[30,141061,126103,141062,1818],{"href":140320},[15,141063,133185],{},[263,141065,141066],{},[30,141067,126103,141068,1818],{"href":136673},[15,141069,41538],{},[263,141071,141072],{},[30,141073,124858],{"href":50861},[263,141075,141076],{},[30,141077,69147],{"href":69146},[1841,141079,141080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":141082},[141083,141084,141086,141087,141092,141093,141095,141097,141102,141104,141107,141116],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":139188,"depth":111,"text":141085},"What split() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":139436,"depth":111,"text":141088,"children":141089},"Using split() with no separator",[141090],{"id":139576,"depth":136,"text":141091},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139739,"depth":111,"text":139740},{"id":139949,"depth":111,"text":141094},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140150,"depth":111,"text":141096},"What split() returns",{"id":140420,"depth":111,"text":140421,"children":141098},[141099,141100,141101],{"id":140427,"depth":136,"text":140428},{"id":140468,"depth":136,"text":140469},{"id":140522,"depth":136,"text":140523},{"id":140587,"depth":111,"text":141103},"When to use split()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":141105},[141106],{"id":60596,"depth":136,"text":60597},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":141108},[141109,141111,141113,141115],{"id":141008,"depth":136,"text":141110},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141025,"depth":136,"text":141112},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141035,"depth":136,"text":141114},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141043,"depth":136,"text":141044},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139097,"description":141117},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141124,"title":141125,"body":141126,"description":143069,"extension":1883,"meta":143070,"navigation":152,"path":143071,"seo":143072,"stem":143073,"__hash__":143074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141127,"toc":143028},[141128,141133,141138,141145,141218,141223,141228,141233,141249,141251,141321,141323,141325,141345,141347,141392,141397,141399,141497,141502,141506,141511,141515,141518,141560,141564,141567,141612,141616,141619,141669,141673,141678,141730,141732,141737,141748,141753,141833,141835,141847,141856,141863,141878,141880,141995,142001,142005,142008,142013,142155,142158,142165,142167,142171,142179,142248,142254,142303,142308,142313,142315,142335,142337,142403,142405,142409,142412,142416,142457,142459,142492,142497,142500,142527,142529,142572,142579,142584,142594,142660,142664,142672,142677,142728,142732,142735,142737,142746,142748,142798,142800,142907,142909,142914,142921,142927,142930,142961,142966,142968,142975,142983,142992,142995,142997,143025],[10,141129,123103,141131,18],{"id":141130},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141132,127471],{},[20,141134,123108,141135,141137],{},[15,141136,127471],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141139,126169,141140,288,141142,141144],{},[15,141141,3520],{},[15,141143,3588],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[51,141146,141148],{"className":53,"code":141147,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141149,141150,141163,141167,141192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141151,141152,141154,141156,141158,141161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141153,34573],{"class":66},[60,141155,71],{"class":70},[60,141157,91],{"class":78},[60,141159,141160],{"class":82},"Python Beginner Help",[60,141162,3273],{"class":78},[60,141164,141165],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141166,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,141168,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,141170,140],{"class":139},[60,141172,124],{"class":74},[60,141174,34594],{"class":120},[60,141176,117],{"class":74},[60,141178,141179],{"class":120},"startswith",[60,141181,124],{"class":74},[60,141183,79],{"class":78},[60,141185,7208],{"class":82},[60,141187,79],{"class":78},[60,141189,5271],{"class":74},[60,141191,43740],{"class":177},[60,141193,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141211,141213,141215],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,141195,140],{"class":139},[60,141197,124],{"class":74},[60,141199,34594],{"class":120},[60,141201,117],{"class":74},[60,141203,141179],{"class":120},[60,141205,124],{"class":74},[60,141207,79],{"class":78},[60,141209,141210],{"class":82},"Beginner",[60,141212,79],{"class":78},[60,141214,5271],{"class":74},[60,141216,141217],{"class":177}," # False\n",[20,141219,243,141220,141222],{},[15,141221,127471],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[46,141224,250,141226,253],{"id":141225},"what-startswith-does",[15,141227,127471],{},[20,141229,141230,141232],{},[15,141231,127471],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[260,141234,141235,141238,141244,141246],{},[263,141236,141237],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[263,141239,1766,141240,288,141242],{},[15,141241,3520],{},[15,141243,3588],{},[263,141245,123246],{},[263,141247,141248],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141250,2127],{},[51,141252,141254],{"className":53,"code":141253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141255,141256,141268,141272,141297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141257,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141259,7788],{"class":66},[60,141261,71],{"class":70},[60,141263,91],{"class":78},[60,141265,7208],{"class":82},[60,141267,3273],{"class":78},[60,141269,141270],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141271,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,141273,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141291,141293,141295],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,141275,140],{"class":139},[60,141277,124],{"class":74},[60,141279,7580],{"class":120},[60,141281,117],{"class":74},[60,141283,141179],{"class":120},[60,141285,124],{"class":74},[60,141287,79],{"class":78},[60,141289,141290],{"class":82},"Py",[60,141292,79],{"class":78},[60,141294,5271],{"class":74},[60,141296,43740],{"class":177},[60,141298,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,141300,140],{"class":139},[60,141302,124],{"class":74},[60,141304,7580],{"class":120},[60,141306,117],{"class":74},[60,141308,141179],{"class":120},[60,141310,124],{"class":74},[60,141312,79],{"class":78},[60,141314,128549],{"class":82},[60,141316,79],{"class":78},[60,141318,5271],{"class":74},[60,141320,43757],{"class":177},[46,141322,296],{"id":295},[20,141324,42269],{},[51,141326,141328],{"className":53,"code":141327,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141329,141330],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141331,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141343],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141333,61061],{"class":66},[60,141335,117],{"class":74},[60,141337,141179],{"class":120},[60,141339,124],{"class":74},[60,141341,141342],{"class":120},"prefix",[60,141344,133],{"class":74},[20,141346,30649],{},[51,141348,141350],{"className":53,"code":141349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141351,141352,141370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141353,141354,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141366,141368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141355,61061],{"class":66},[60,141357,117],{"class":74},[60,141359,141179],{"class":120},[60,141361,124],{"class":74},[60,141363,141342],{"class":120},[60,141365,88],{"class":74},[60,141367,35938],{"class":120},[60,141369,133],{"class":74},[60,141371,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141373,61061],{"class":66},[60,141375,117],{"class":74},[60,141377,141179],{"class":120},[60,141379,124],{"class":74},[60,141381,141342],{"class":120},[60,141383,88],{"class":74},[60,141385,35938],{"class":120},[60,141387,88],{"class":74},[60,141389,64928],{"class":120},[60,141391,133],{"class":74},[20,141393,20660,141394,141396],{},[15,141395,141342],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141398,2127],{},[51,141400,141402],{"className":53,"code":141401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141403,141404,141416,141420,141445,141469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141405,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141407,34573],{"class":66},[60,141409,71],{"class":70},[60,141411,91],{"class":78},[60,141413,60293],{"class":82},[60,141415,3273],{"class":78},[60,141417,141418],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141419,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,141421,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,141423,140],{"class":139},[60,141425,124],{"class":74},[60,141427,34594],{"class":120},[60,141429,117],{"class":74},[60,141431,141179],{"class":120},[60,141433,124],{"class":74},[60,141435,79],{"class":78},[60,141437,3759],{"class":82},[60,141439,79],{"class":78},[60,141441,5271],{"class":74},[60,141443,141444],{"class":177},"      # True\n",[60,141446,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,141448,140],{"class":139},[60,141450,124],{"class":74},[60,141452,34594],{"class":120},[60,141454,117],{"class":74},[60,141456,141179],{"class":120},[60,141458,124],{"class":74},[60,141460,79],{"class":78},[60,141462,60478],{"class":82},[60,141464,79],{"class":78},[60,141466,5271],{"class":74},[60,141468,21089],{"class":177},[60,141470,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,141472,140],{"class":139},[60,141474,124],{"class":74},[60,141476,34594],{"class":120},[60,141478,117],{"class":74},[60,141480,141179],{"class":120},[60,141482,124],{"class":74},[60,141484,79],{"class":78},[60,141486,60478],{"class":82},[60,141488,79],{"class":78},[60,141490,88],{"class":74},[60,141492,37527],{"class":357},[60,141494,5271],{"class":74},[60,141496,43740],{"class":177},[20,141498,141499,141500,117],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[30,141501,124858],{"href":50861},[46,141503,141505],{"id":141504},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141507,141508,141510],{},[15,141509,127471],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[337,141512,141513],{"id":141342},[15,141514,141342],{},[20,141516,141517],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[51,141519,141521],{"className":53,"code":141520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141522,141523,141535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141524,141525,141527,141529,141531,141533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141526,34573],{"class":66},[60,141528,71],{"class":70},[60,141530,91],{"class":78},[60,141532,504],{"class":82},[60,141534,3273],{"class":78},[60,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141554,141556,141558],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141538,140],{"class":139},[60,141540,124],{"class":74},[60,141542,34594],{"class":120},[60,141544,117],{"class":74},[60,141546,141179],{"class":120},[60,141548,124],{"class":74},[60,141550,79],{"class":78},[60,141552,141553],{"class":82},"ban",[60,141555,79],{"class":78},[60,141557,5271],{"class":74},[60,141559,3578],{"class":177},[337,141561,141562],{"id":35959},[15,141563,35959],{},[20,141565,141566],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[51,141568,141570],{"className":53,"code":141569,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141571,141572,141584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141573,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141575,34573],{"class":66},[60,141577,71],{"class":70},[60,141579,91],{"class":78},[60,141581,60293],{"class":82},[60,141583,3273],{"class":78},[60,141585,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141587,140],{"class":139},[60,141589,124],{"class":74},[60,141591,34594],{"class":120},[60,141593,117],{"class":74},[60,141595,141179],{"class":120},[60,141597,124],{"class":74},[60,141599,79],{"class":78},[60,141601,60478],{"class":82},[60,141603,79],{"class":78},[60,141605,88],{"class":74},[60,141607,37527],{"class":357},[60,141609,5271],{"class":74},[60,141611,3578],{"class":177},[337,141613,141614],{"id":52547},[15,141615,52547],{},[20,141617,141618],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[51,141620,141622],{"className":53,"code":141621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141623,141624,141636],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141625,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141627,34573],{"class":66},[60,141629,71],{"class":70},[60,141631,91],{"class":78},[60,141633,60293],{"class":82},[60,141635,3273],{"class":78},[60,141637,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141639,140],{"class":139},[60,141641,124],{"class":74},[60,141643,34594],{"class":120},[60,141645,117],{"class":74},[60,141647,141179],{"class":120},[60,141649,124],{"class":74},[60,141651,79],{"class":78},[60,141653,141654],{"class":82},"wor",[60,141656,79],{"class":78},[60,141658,88],{"class":74},[60,141660,37527],{"class":357},[60,141662,88],{"class":74},[60,141664,54022],{"class":357},[60,141666,5271],{"class":74},[60,141668,3578],{"class":177},[337,141670,141672],{"id":141671},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141674,141675,141677],{},[15,141676,141342],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[51,141679,141681],{"className":53,"code":141680,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141682,141683,141696],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141686,126186],{"class":66},[60,141688,71],{"class":70},[60,141690,91],{"class":78},[60,141692,141693],{"class":82},"img_001.png",[60,141695,3273],{"class":78},[60,141697,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141715,141717,141719,141721,141724,141726,141728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141699,140],{"class":139},[60,141701,124],{"class":74},[60,141703,126204],{"class":120},[60,141705,117],{"class":74},[60,141707,141179],{"class":120},[60,141709,5421],{"class":74},[60,141711,79],{"class":78},[60,141713,141714],{"class":82},"img_",[60,141716,79],{"class":78},[60,141718,88],{"class":74},[60,141720,91],{"class":78},[60,141722,141723],{"class":82},"photo_",[60,141725,79],{"class":78},[60,141727,50977],{"class":74},[60,141729,3578],{"class":177},[46,141731,17310],{"id":17309},[20,141733,141734,141736],{},[15,141735,127471],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[260,141738,141739,141744],{},[263,141740,141741,141743],{},[15,141742,3520],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[263,141745,141746,126788],{},[15,141747,3588],{},[20,141749,141750,141751,7083],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141752,1154],{},[51,141754,141756],{"className":53,"code":141755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141757,141758,141772,141776,141797,141812,141818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141759,141760,141763,141765,141767,141770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141761,141762],{"class":66},"command ",[60,141764,71],{"class":70},[60,141766,91],{"class":78},[60,141768,141769],{"class":82},"\u002Fhelp",[60,141771,3273],{"class":78},[60,141773,141774],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141775,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,141777,141778,141780,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,141779,1154],{"class":1153},[60,141781,141782],{"class":66}," command",[60,141784,117],{"class":74},[60,141786,141179],{"class":120},[60,141788,124],{"class":74},[60,141790,79],{"class":78},[60,141792,126995],{"class":82},[60,141794,79],{"class":78},[60,141796,8255],{"class":74},[60,141798,141799,141801,141803,141805,141808,141810],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,141800,7981],{"class":139},[60,141802,124],{"class":74},[60,141804,79],{"class":78},[60,141806,141807],{"class":82},"This looks like a command.",[60,141809,79],{"class":78},[60,141811,133],{"class":74},[60,141813,141814,141816],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,141815,27319],{"class":1153},[60,141817,1168],{"class":74},[60,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141829,141831],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,141821,7981],{"class":139},[60,141823,124],{"class":74},[60,141825,79],{"class":78},[60,141827,141828],{"class":82},"This is normal text.",[60,141830,79],{"class":78},[60,141832,133],{"class":74},[20,141834,404],{},[51,141836,141838],{"className":53,"code":141837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141839,141840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141841,141842,141845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141843,141844],{"class":66},"This looks like a command",[60,141846,122135],{"class":74},[46,141848,8331,141850,1394,141852,1776,141854],{"id":141849},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141851,127471],{},[15,141853,35959],{},[15,141855,52547],{},[20,141857,1900,141858,1776,141860,141862],{},[15,141859,35959],{},[15,141861,52547],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[260,141864,141865,141870,141875],{},[263,141866,141867,141869],{},[15,141868,35959],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[263,141871,141872,141874],{},[15,141873,52547],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[263,141876,141877],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141879,2127],{},[51,141881,141883],{"className":53,"code":141882,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141884,141885,141897,141901,141930,141963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141886,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141888,34573],{"class":66},[60,141890,71],{"class":70},[60,141892,91],{"class":78},[60,141894,139382],{"class":82},[60,141896,3273],{"class":78},[60,141898,141899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141900,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,141902,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,141904,140],{"class":139},[60,141906,124],{"class":74},[60,141908,34594],{"class":120},[60,141910,117],{"class":74},[60,141912,141179],{"class":120},[60,141914,124],{"class":74},[60,141916,79],{"class":78},[60,141918,79159],{"class":82},[60,141920,79],{"class":78},[60,141922,88],{"class":74},[60,141924,373],{"class":357},[60,141926,5271],{"class":74},[60,141928,141929],{"class":177},"        # True\n",[60,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141959,141961],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,141933,140],{"class":139},[60,141935,124],{"class":74},[60,141937,34594],{"class":120},[60,141939,117],{"class":74},[60,141941,141179],{"class":120},[60,141943,124],{"class":74},[60,141945,79],{"class":78},[60,141947,133989],{"class":82},[60,141949,79],{"class":78},[60,141951,88],{"class":74},[60,141953,6271],{"class":357},[60,141955,88],{"class":74},[60,141957,141958],{"class":357}," 13",[60,141960,5271],{"class":74},[60,141962,3578],{"class":177},[60,141964,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,141966,140],{"class":139},[60,141968,124],{"class":74},[60,141970,34594],{"class":120},[60,141972,117],{"class":74},[60,141974,141179],{"class":120},[60,141976,124],{"class":74},[60,141978,79],{"class":78},[60,141980,133989],{"class":82},[60,141982,79],{"class":78},[60,141984,88],{"class":74},[60,141986,6271],{"class":357},[60,141988,88],{"class":74},[60,141990,30828],{"class":357},[60,141992,5271],{"class":74},[60,141994,4682],{"class":177},[20,141996,141997,141998,142000],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141999,52547],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[46,142002,142004],{"id":142003},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142006,142007],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142009,142010,142011,49233],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142012,40721],{},[51,142014,142016],{"className":53,"code":142015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142017,142018,142032,142046,142060,142064,142088,142092,142113,142134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142019,142020,142023,142025,142027,142030],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142021,142022],{"class":66},"filename1 ",[60,142024,71],{"class":70},[60,142026,91],{"class":78},[60,142028,142029],{"class":82},"img_101.jpg",[60,142031,3273],{"class":78},[60,142033,142034,142037,142039,142041,142044],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142035,142036],{"class":66},"filename2 ",[60,142038,71],{"class":70},[60,142040,91],{"class":78},[60,142042,142043],{"class":82},"photo_202.jpg",[60,142045,3273],{"class":78},[60,142047,142048,142051,142053,142055,142058],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142049,142050],{"class":66},"filename3 ",[60,142052,71],{"class":70},[60,142054,91],{"class":78},[60,142056,142057],{"class":82},"doc_303.jpg",[60,142059,3273],{"class":78},[60,142061,142062],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142063,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142065,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,142067,127398],{"class":66},[60,142069,71],{"class":70},[60,142071,9144],{"class":74},[60,142073,79],{"class":78},[60,142075,141714],{"class":82},[60,142077,79],{"class":78},[60,142079,88],{"class":74},[60,142081,91],{"class":78},[60,142083,141723],{"class":82},[60,142085,79],{"class":78},[60,142087,133],{"class":74},[60,142089,142090],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,142091,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142093,142094,142096,142098,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,142095,140],{"class":139},[60,142097,124],{"class":74},[60,142099,142100],{"class":120},"filename1",[60,142102,117],{"class":74},[60,142104,141179],{"class":120},[60,142106,124],{"class":74},[60,142108,127450],{"class":120},[60,142110,5271],{"class":74},[60,142112,3578],{"class":177},[60,142114,142115,142117,142119,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,142116,140],{"class":139},[60,142118,124],{"class":74},[60,142120,142121],{"class":120},"filename2",[60,142123,117],{"class":74},[60,142125,141179],{"class":120},[60,142127,124],{"class":74},[60,142129,127450],{"class":120},[60,142131,5271],{"class":74},[60,142133,3578],{"class":177},[60,142135,142136,142138,142140,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,142137,140],{"class":139},[60,142139,124],{"class":74},[60,142141,142142],{"class":120},"filename3",[60,142144,117],{"class":74},[60,142146,141179],{"class":120},[60,142148,124],{"class":74},[60,142150,127450],{"class":120},[60,142152,5271],{"class":74},[60,142154,4682],{"class":177},[20,142156,142157],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142159,74660,142160,142164],{},[30,142161,126103,142162,1818],{"href":129697},[15,142163,126161],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[46,142166,123750],{"id":123749},[20,142168,142169,123561],{},[15,142170,127471],{},[20,142172,127148,142173,1776,142176,127155],{},[15,142174,142175],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142177,142178],{},"\"python\"",[51,142180,142182],{"className":53,"code":142181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142183,142184,142196,142200,142224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142185,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142187,34573],{"class":66},[60,142189,71],{"class":70},[60,142191,91],{"class":78},[60,142193,7208],{"class":82},[60,142195,3273],{"class":78},[60,142197,142198],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142199,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142201,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142203,140],{"class":139},[60,142205,124],{"class":74},[60,142207,34594],{"class":120},[60,142209,117],{"class":74},[60,142211,141179],{"class":120},[60,142213,124],{"class":74},[60,142215,79],{"class":78},[60,142217,141290],{"class":82},[60,142219,79],{"class":78},[60,142221,5271],{"class":74},[60,142223,3578],{"class":177},[60,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142227,140],{"class":139},[60,142229,124],{"class":74},[60,142231,34594],{"class":120},[60,142233,117],{"class":74},[60,142235,141179],{"class":120},[60,142237,124],{"class":74},[60,142239,79],{"class":78},[60,142241,128549],{"class":82},[60,142243,79],{"class":78},[60,142245,5271],{"class":74},[60,142247,4682],{"class":177},[20,142249,127240,142250,117],{},[30,142251,142252],{"href":123830},[15,142253,123833],{},[51,142255,142257],{"className":53,"code":142256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142258,142259,142271,142275],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142260,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142262,34573],{"class":66},[60,142264,71],{"class":70},[60,142266,91],{"class":78},[60,142268,7208],{"class":82},[60,142270,3273],{"class":78},[60,142272,142273],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142274,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142276,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142278,140],{"class":139},[60,142280,124],{"class":74},[60,142282,34594],{"class":120},[60,142284,117],{"class":74},[60,142286,8552],{"class":120},[60,142288,8549],{"class":74},[60,142290,141179],{"class":120},[60,142292,124],{"class":74},[60,142294,79],{"class":78},[60,142296,128549],{"class":82},[60,142298,79],{"class":78},[60,142300,5271],{"class":74},[60,142302,3578],{"class":177},[46,142304,1220,142306],{"id":142305},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142307,127471],{},[20,142309,142310,142312],{},[15,142311,127471],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142314,9280],{},[260,142316,142317,142320,142323,142332],{},[263,142318,142319],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[263,142321,142322],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[263,142324,142325,142326,288,142329],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142327,142328],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142330,142331],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[263,142333,142334],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142336,2127],{},[51,142338,142340],{"className":53,"code":142339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142341,142342,142355,142359,142388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142343,142344,142346,142348,142350,142353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142345,126966],{"class":66},[60,142347,71],{"class":70},[60,142349,91],{"class":78},[60,142351,142352],{"class":82},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[60,142354,3273],{"class":78},[60,142356,142357],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142358,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142360,142361,142363,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142362,1154],{"class":1153},[60,142364,142365],{"class":66}," url",[60,142367,117],{"class":74},[60,142369,141179],{"class":120},[60,142371,5421],{"class":74},[60,142373,79],{"class":78},[60,142375,142328],{"class":82},[60,142377,79],{"class":78},[60,142379,88],{"class":74},[60,142381,91],{"class":78},[60,142383,142331],{"class":82},[60,142385,79],{"class":78},[60,142387,69451],{"class":74},[60,142389,142390,142392,142394,142396,142399,142401],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142391,7981],{"class":139},[60,142393,124],{"class":74},[60,142395,79],{"class":78},[60,142397,142398],{"class":82},"This looks like a web URL.",[60,142400,79],{"class":78},[60,142402,133],{"class":74},[46,142404,1245],{"id":1244},[20,142406,22981,142407,117],{},[15,142408,127471],{},[337,142410,138543],{"id":142411},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142413,142414,123561],{},[15,142415,127471],{},[51,142417,142419],{"className":53,"code":142418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142420,142421,142433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142422,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142424,34573],{"class":66},[60,142426,71],{"class":70},[60,142428,91],{"class":78},[60,142430,7208],{"class":82},[60,142432,3273],{"class":78},[60,142434,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142436,140],{"class":139},[60,142438,124],{"class":74},[60,142440,34594],{"class":120},[60,142442,117],{"class":74},[60,142444,141179],{"class":120},[60,142446,124],{"class":74},[60,142448,79],{"class":78},[60,142450,55],{"class":82},[60,142452,79],{"class":78},[60,142454,5271],{"class":74},[60,142456,4682],{"class":177},[20,142458,39146],{},[51,142460,142462],{"className":53,"code":142461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142463,142464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142465,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142467,140],{"class":139},[60,142469,124],{"class":74},[60,142471,34594],{"class":120},[60,142473,117],{"class":74},[60,142475,8552],{"class":120},[60,142477,8549],{"class":74},[60,142479,141179],{"class":120},[60,142481,124],{"class":74},[60,142483,79],{"class":78},[60,142485,55],{"class":82},[60,142487,79],{"class":78},[60,142489,5271],{"class":74},[60,142491,3578],{"class":177},[337,142493,29535,142495,137025],{"id":142494},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142496,127471],{},[20,142498,142499],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[51,142501,142503],{"className":53,"code":142502,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142504,142505,142513,142517,142522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142506,142507,142509,142511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142508,1700],{"class":66},[60,142510,71],{"class":70},[60,142512,124785],{"class":357},[60,142514,142515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142516,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142518,142519],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142520,142521],{"class":177},"# This will cause an error:\n",[60,142523,142524],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142525,142526],{"class":177},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142528,39146],{},[51,142530,142532],{"className":53,"code":142531,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142533,142534,142548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142535,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142537,1700],{"class":66},[60,142539,71],{"class":70},[60,142541,48789],{"class":1683},[60,142543,124],{"class":74},[60,142545,50131],{"class":357},[60,142547,133],{"class":74},[60,142549,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142551,140],{"class":139},[60,142553,124],{"class":74},[60,142555,315],{"class":120},[60,142557,117],{"class":74},[60,142559,141179],{"class":120},[60,142561,124],{"class":74},[60,142563,79],{"class":78},[60,142565,358],{"class":82},[60,142567,79],{"class":78},[60,142569,5271],{"class":74},[60,142571,3578],{"class":177},[337,142573,1391,142575,1394,142577],{"id":142574},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142576,127471],{},[15,142578,1703],{},[20,142580,142581,142583],{},[15,142582,127471],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142585,142586,142587,142589,142590,117],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142588,1703],{}," or methods like ",[30,142591,142592],{"href":124113},[15,142593,124098],{},[51,142595,142597],{"className":53,"code":142596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142598,142599,142611,142615,142639],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142600,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142602,34573],{"class":66},[60,142604,71],{"class":70},[60,142606,91],{"class":78},[60,142608,60293],{"class":82},[60,142610,3273],{"class":78},[60,142612,142613],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142614,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142616,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142618,140],{"class":139},[60,142620,124],{"class":74},[60,142622,34594],{"class":120},[60,142624,117],{"class":74},[60,142626,141179],{"class":120},[60,142628,124],{"class":74},[60,142630,79],{"class":78},[60,142632,60478],{"class":82},[60,142634,79],{"class":78},[60,142636,5271],{"class":74},[60,142638,4682],{"class":177},[60,142640,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142642,140],{"class":139},[60,142644,124],{"class":74},[60,142646,79],{"class":78},[60,142648,60478],{"class":82},[60,142650,79],{"class":78},[60,142652,1163],{"class":1153},[60,142654,42726],{"class":120},[60,142656,174],{"class":74},[60,142658,142659],{"class":177},"           # True\n",[20,142661,135577,142662,117],{},[30,142663,127139],{"href":123358},[337,142665,4615,142667,1776,142669,142671],{"id":142666},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142668,35959],{},[15,142670,52547],{}," use index positions",[20,142673,142674,142675,117],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142676,2039],{},[51,142678,142680],{"className":53,"code":142679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142681,142682,142695,142699],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142683,142684,142686,142688,142690,142693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142685,34573],{"class":66},[60,142687,71],{"class":70},[60,142689,91],{"class":78},[60,142691,142692],{"class":82},"abcdef",[60,142694,3273],{"class":78},[60,142696,142697],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142698,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142702,140],{"class":139},[60,142704,124],{"class":74},[60,142706,34594],{"class":120},[60,142708,117],{"class":74},[60,142710,141179],{"class":120},[60,142712,124],{"class":74},[60,142714,79],{"class":78},[60,142716,142717],{"class":82},"cd",[60,142719,79],{"class":78},[60,142721,88],{"class":74},[60,142723,363],{"class":357},[60,142725,5271],{"class":74},[60,142727,3578],{"class":177},[337,142729,142731],{"id":142730},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142733,142734],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142736,1498],{},[51,142738,142740],{"className":53,"code":142739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142741,142742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142743,142744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142745,142739],{"class":177},[20,142747,16546],{},[51,142749,142751],{"className":53,"code":142750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142752,142753,142765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142756,34573],{"class":66},[60,142758,71],{"class":70},[60,142760,91],{"class":78},[60,142762,7208],{"class":82},[60,142764,3273],{"class":78},[60,142766,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142792,142794,142796],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142768,140],{"class":139},[60,142770,124],{"class":74},[60,142772,34594],{"class":120},[60,142774,117],{"class":74},[60,142776,141179],{"class":120},[60,142778,5421],{"class":74},[60,142780,79],{"class":78},[60,142782,141290],{"class":82},[60,142784,79],{"class":78},[60,142786,88],{"class":74},[60,142788,91],{"class":78},[60,142790,142791],{"class":82},"Ja",[60,142793,79],{"class":78},[60,142795,50977],{"class":74},[60,142797,3578],{"class":177},[20,142799,31968],{},[51,142801,142803],{"className":53,"code":142802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142804,142805,142815,142829,142851,142877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142806,142807,142809,142811,142813],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142808,140],{"class":139},[60,142810,124],{"class":74},[60,142812,34594],{"class":120},[60,142814,133],{"class":74},[60,142816,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142818,140],{"class":139},[60,142820,124],{"class":74},[60,142822,1684],{"class":1683},[60,142824,124],{"class":74},[60,142826,34594],{"class":120},[60,142828,1691],{"class":74},[60,142830,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,142832,140],{"class":139},[60,142834,124],{"class":74},[60,142836,34594],{"class":120},[60,142838,117],{"class":74},[60,142840,141179],{"class":120},[60,142842,124],{"class":74},[60,142844,79],{"class":78},[60,142846,141290],{"class":82},[60,142848,79],{"class":78},[60,142850,1691],{"class":74},[60,142852,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,142854,140],{"class":139},[60,142856,124],{"class":74},[60,142858,34594],{"class":120},[60,142860,117],{"class":74},[60,142862,8552],{"class":120},[60,142864,8549],{"class":74},[60,142866,141179],{"class":120},[60,142868,124],{"class":74},[60,142870,79],{"class":78},[60,142872,128549],{"class":82},[60,142874,79],{"class":78},[60,142876,1691],{"class":74},[60,142878,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,142880,140],{"class":139},[60,142882,124],{"class":74},[60,142884,34594],{"class":120},[60,142886,117],{"class":74},[60,142888,141179],{"class":120},[60,142890,5421],{"class":74},[60,142892,79],{"class":78},[60,142894,141290],{"class":82},[60,142896,79],{"class":78},[60,142898,88],{"class":74},[60,142900,91],{"class":78},[60,142902,142791],{"class":82},[60,142904,79],{"class":78},[60,142906,2827],{"class":74},[46,142908,1746],{"id":1745},[337,142910,12599,142912,127949],{"id":142911},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142913,127471],{},[20,142915,142916,142917,288,142919,117],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142918,3520],{},[15,142920,3588],{},[337,142922,5079,142924,142926],{"id":142923},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142925,127471],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142928,142929],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[51,142931,142933],{"className":53,"code":142932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142934,142935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142936,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142938,34594],{"class":66},[60,142940,117],{"class":74},[60,142942,141179],{"class":120},[60,142944,5421],{"class":74},[60,142946,79],{"class":78},[60,142948,30],{"class":82},[60,142950,79],{"class":78},[60,142952,88],{"class":74},[60,142954,91],{"class":78},[60,142956,1428],{"class":82},[60,142958,79],{"class":78},[60,142960,1691],{"class":74},[337,142962,14794,142964,124439],{"id":142963},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142965,127471],{},[20,142967,129632],{},[337,142969,1773,142971,1776,142973,1779],{"id":142970},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142972,127471],{},[15,142974,1703],{},[20,142976,142977,142979,142980,142982],{},[15,142978,127471],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142981,1703],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[337,142984,1795,142986,1776,142988,1394,142990,1779],{"id":142985},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142987,35959],{},[15,142989,52547],{},[15,142991,127471],{},[20,142993,142994],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[46,142996,1808],{"id":1807},[260,142998,142999,143005,143011,143017,143021],{},[263,143000,143001],{},[30,143002,126103,143003,1818],{"href":129697},[15,143004,126161],{},[263,143006,143007],{},[30,143008,126103,143009,1818],{"href":124113},[15,143010,124098],{},[263,143012,143013],{},[30,143014,126103,143015,1818],{"href":123830},[15,143016,123833],{},[263,143018,143019],{},[30,143020,124502],{"href":123358},[263,143022,143023],{},[30,143024,124858],{"href":50861},[1841,143026,143027],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":143029},[143030,143032,143033,143039,143040,143042,143043,143044,143046,143056,143068],{"id":141225,"depth":111,"text":143031},"What startswith() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":141504,"depth":111,"text":141505,"children":143034},[143035,143036,143037,143038],{"id":141342,"depth":136,"text":141342},{"id":35959,"depth":136,"text":35959},{"id":52547,"depth":136,"text":52547},{"id":141671,"depth":136,"text":141672},{"id":17309,"depth":111,"text":17310},{"id":141849,"depth":111,"text":143041},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142003,"depth":111,"text":142004},{"id":123749,"depth":111,"text":123750},{"id":142305,"depth":111,"text":143045},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":143047},[143048,143049,143051,143053,143055],{"id":142411,"depth":136,"text":138543},{"id":142494,"depth":136,"text":143050},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142574,"depth":136,"text":143052},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142666,"depth":136,"text":143054},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142730,"depth":136,"text":142731},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":143057},[143058,143060,143062,143064,143066],{"id":142911,"depth":136,"text":143059},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142923,"depth":136,"text":143061},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142963,"depth":136,"text":143063},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142970,"depth":136,"text":143065},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142985,"depth":136,"text":143067},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141125,"description":143069},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143076,"title":143077,"body":143078,"description":144532,"extension":1883,"meta":144533,"navigation":152,"path":144534,"seo":144535,"stem":144536,"__hash__":144537},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143079,"toc":144502},[143080,143085,143090,143093,143095,143139,143141,143149,143154,143159,143164,143166,143184,143186,143232,143234,143248,143257,143261,143263,143265,143277,143282,143285,143317,143319,143328,143333,143336,143377,143379,143387,143389,143402,143408,143412,143415,143431,143433,143482,143484,143493,143496,143555,143557,143566,143573,143576,143629,143631,143655,143662,143668,143672,143678,143681,143692,143694,143734,143736,143744,143746,143786,143788,143797,143799,143817,143820,143827,143838,143841,143858,143860,143937,143939,143970,143973,143975,143978,144004,144006,144046,144048,144057,144067,144075,144083,144088,144093,144095,144109,144111,144162,144164,144173,144183,144185,144187,144209,144212,144291,144293,144329,144332,144407,144412,144414,144420,144425,144430,144433,144439,144442,144449,144457,144461,144469,144471,144499],[10,143081,123103,143083,18],{"id":143082},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143084,41538],{},[20,143086,32202,143087,143089],{},[15,143088,41538],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143091,143092],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[46,143094,3525],{"id":3524},[51,143096,143098],{"className":53,"code":143097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143099,143100,143113,143128],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143101,143102,143104,143106,143108,143111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143103,34573],{"class":66},[60,143105,71],{"class":70},[60,143107,91],{"class":78},[60,143109,143110],{"class":82},"  hello  ",[60,143112,3273],{"class":78},[60,143114,143115,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143116,143117],{"class":66},"clean_text ",[60,143119,71],{"class":70},[60,143121,42726],{"class":66},[60,143123,117],{"class":74},[60,143125,8546],{"class":120},[60,143127,8555],{"class":74},[60,143129,143130,143132,143134,143137],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143131,140],{"class":139},[60,143133,124],{"class":74},[60,143135,143136],{"class":120},"clean_text",[60,143138,133],{"class":74},[20,143140,404],{},[51,143142,143143],{"className":53,"code":138418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143144,143145],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143146,143147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143148,138418],{"class":66},[20,143150,243,143151,143153],{},[15,143152,41538],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[46,143155,250,143157,253],{"id":143156},"what-strip-does",[15,143158,41538],{},[20,143160,143161,143163],{},[15,143162,41538],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143165,12946],{},[260,143167,143168,143172,143175,143178,143181],{},[263,143169,143170,131453],{},[15,143171,41538],{},[263,143173,143174],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[263,143176,143177],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[263,143179,143180],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[263,143182,143183],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143185,2127],{},[51,143187,143189],{"className":53,"code":143188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143190,143191,143204,143208,143222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143192,143193,143195,143197,143199,143202],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143194,34573],{"class":66},[60,143196,71],{"class":70},[60,143198,91],{"class":78},[60,143200,143201],{"class":82},"  hello world  ",[60,143203,3273],{"class":78},[60,143205,143206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143207,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,143209,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143211,140],{"class":139},[60,143213,124],{"class":74},[60,143215,34594],{"class":120},[60,143217,117],{"class":74},[60,143219,8546],{"class":120},[60,143221,7105],{"class":74},[60,143223,143224,143226,143228,143230],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,143225,140],{"class":139},[60,143227,124],{"class":74},[60,143229,34594],{"class":120},[60,143231,133],{"class":74},[20,143233,404],{},[51,143235,143237],{"className":53,"code":143236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143238,143239,143243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143240,143241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143242,134119],{"class":66},[60,143244,143245],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143246,143247],{"class":66},"  hello world\n",[20,143249,143250,143251,143253,143254,143256],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143252,41538],{},", but the original ",[15,143255,34594],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143258,124855,143259,117],{},[30,143260,124858],{"href":50861},[46,143262,296],{"id":295},[20,143264,26373],{},[260,143266,143267,143272],{},[263,143268,143269],{},[15,143270,143271],{},"string.strip()",[263,143273,143274],{},[15,143275,143276],{},"string.strip(chars)",[337,143278,143280],{"id":143279},"stringstrip",[15,143281,143271],{},[20,143283,143284],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[51,143286,143288],{"className":53,"code":143287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143289,143290,143303],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143291,143292,143294,143296,143298,143301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143293,7788],{"class":66},[60,143295,71],{"class":70},[60,143297,91],{"class":78},[60,143299,143300],{"class":82},"  Alice  ",[60,143302,3273],{"class":78},[60,143304,143305,143307,143309,143311,143313,143315],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143306,140],{"class":139},[60,143308,124],{"class":74},[60,143310,7580],{"class":120},[60,143312,117],{"class":74},[60,143314,8546],{"class":120},[60,143316,7105],{"class":74},[20,143318,404],{},[51,143320,143322],{"className":53,"code":143321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Alice\n",[15,143323,143324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143325,143326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143327,143321],{"class":66},[337,143329,143331],{"id":143330},"stringstripchars",[15,143332,143276],{},[20,143334,143335],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[51,143337,143339],{"className":53,"code":143338,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143340,143341,143354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143342,143343,143345,143347,143349,143352],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143344,34573],{"class":66},[60,143346,71],{"class":70},[60,143348,91],{"class":78},[60,143350,143351],{"class":82},"!!hello??",[60,143353,3273],{"class":78},[60,143355,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370,143373,143375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143357,140],{"class":139},[60,143359,124],{"class":74},[60,143361,34594],{"class":120},[60,143363,117],{"class":74},[60,143365,8546],{"class":120},[60,143367,124],{"class":74},[60,143369,79],{"class":78},[60,143371,143372],{"class":82},"!?",[60,143374,79],{"class":78},[60,143376,1691],{"class":74},[20,143378,404],{},[51,143380,143381],{"className":53,"code":138418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143382,143383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143384,143385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143386,138418],{"class":66},[20,143388,83709],{},[260,143390,143391,143396],{},[263,143392,143393,143395],{},[15,143394,134362],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[263,143397,143398,143399,143401],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143400,134362],{}," does not matter",[46,143403,143405,143406],{"id":143404},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143407,41538],{},[20,143409,30770,143410,117],{},[15,143411,41538],{},[20,143413,143414],{},"It is useful for:",[260,143416,143417,143422,143425,143428],{},[263,143418,143419,143420,3798],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143421,2873],{},[263,143423,143424],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[263,143426,143427],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[263,143429,143430],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143432,48246],{},[51,143434,143436],{"className":53,"code":143435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143437,143438,143451,143467,143471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143439,143440,143442,143444,143446,143449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143441,7873],{"class":66},[60,143443,71],{"class":70},[60,143445,91],{"class":78},[60,143447,143448],{"class":82},"  sam  ",[60,143450,3273],{"class":78},[60,143452,143453,143456,143458,143461,143463,143465],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143454,143455],{"class":66},"clean_username ",[60,143457,71],{"class":70},[60,143459,143460],{"class":66}," username",[60,143462,117],{"class":74},[60,143464,8546],{"class":120},[60,143466,8555],{"class":74},[60,143468,143469],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143470,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,143472,143473,143475,143477,143480],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,143474,140],{"class":139},[60,143476,124],{"class":74},[60,143478,143479],{"class":120},"clean_username",[60,143481,133],{"class":74},[20,143483,404],{},[51,143485,143487],{"className":53,"code":143486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sam\n",[15,143488,143489],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143490,143491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143492,143486],{"class":66},[20,143494,143495],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[51,143497,143499],{"className":53,"code":143498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143500,143501,143514,143518,143540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143502,143503,143505,143507,143509,143512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143504,136346],{"class":66},[60,143506,71],{"class":70},[60,143508,91],{"class":78},[60,143510,143511],{"class":82}," yes  ",[60,143513,3273],{"class":78},[60,143515,143516],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143517,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,143519,143520,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143521,1154],{"class":1153},[60,143523,136366],{"class":66},[60,143525,117],{"class":74},[60,143527,8546],{"class":120},[60,143529,7277],{"class":74},[60,143531,6319],{"class":70},[60,143533,91],{"class":78},[60,143535,8570],{"class":82},[60,143537,79],{"class":78},[60,143539,1168],{"class":74},[60,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551,143553],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,143543,7981],{"class":139},[60,143545,124],{"class":74},[60,143547,79],{"class":78},[60,143549,143550],{"class":82},"Matched",[60,143552,79],{"class":78},[60,143554,133],{"class":74},[20,143556,404],{},[51,143558,143560],{"className":53,"code":143559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Matched\n",[15,143561,143562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143563,143564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143565,143559],{"class":66},[20,143567,143568,143569,117],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[30,143570,143572],{"href":143571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143574,143575],{},"Example with file-style text:",[51,143577,143579],{"className":53,"code":143578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143580,143581,143597,143611],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143582,143583,143586,143588,143590,143593,143595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143584,143585],{"class":66},"line ",[60,143587,71],{"class":70},[60,143589,91],{"class":78},[60,143591,143592],{"class":82},"Python basics",[60,143594,87041],{"class":34338},[60,143596,3273],{"class":78},[60,143598,143599,143601,143603,143605,143607,143609],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143600,140],{"class":139},[60,143602,124],{"class":74},[60,143604,41664],{"class":139},[60,143606,124],{"class":74},[60,143608,62],{"class":120},[60,143610,1691],{"class":74},[60,143612,143613,143615,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143614,140],{"class":139},[60,143616,124],{"class":74},[60,143618,41664],{"class":139},[60,143620,124],{"class":74},[60,143622,62],{"class":120},[60,143624,117],{"class":74},[60,143626,8546],{"class":120},[60,143628,6201],{"class":74},[20,143630,404],{},[51,143632,143634],{"className":53,"code":143633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143635,143636,143647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143637,143638,143640,143642,143645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143639,205],{"class":43213},[60,143641,143592],{"class":43217},[60,143643,87041],{"class":143644},"sfi6f",[60,143646,29585],{"class":43213},[60,143648,143649,143651,143653],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143650,205],{"class":43213},[60,143652,143592],{"class":43217},[60,143654,29585],{"class":43213},[20,143656,8331,143657,143659,143660,117],{},[15,143658,122317],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143661,87041],{},[20,143663,143664,143665,117],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[30,143666,143667],{"href":87694},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[46,143669,143671],{"id":143670},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143673,143674,143675,117],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143676,143677],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143679,143680],{},"Python will:",[260,143682,143683,143686,143689],{},[263,143684,143685],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[263,143687,143688],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[263,143690,143691],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143693,2127],{},[51,143695,143697],{"className":53,"code":143696,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143698,143699,143712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143700,143701,143703,143705,143707,143710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143702,34573],{"class":66},[60,143704,71],{"class":70},[60,143706,91],{"class":78},[60,143708,143709],{"class":82},"??hello!!",[60,143711,3273],{"class":78},[60,143713,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726,143728,143730,143732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143715,140],{"class":139},[60,143717,124],{"class":74},[60,143719,34594],{"class":120},[60,143721,117],{"class":74},[60,143723,8546],{"class":120},[60,143725,124],{"class":74},[60,143727,79],{"class":78},[60,143729,143372],{"class":82},[60,143731,79],{"class":78},[60,143733,1691],{"class":74},[20,143735,404],{},[51,143737,143738],{"className":53,"code":138418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,143739,143740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143741,143742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143743,138418],{"class":66},[20,143745,51966],{},[51,143747,143749],{"className":53,"code":143748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143750,143751,143764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143752,143753,143755,143757,143759,143762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143754,34573],{"class":66},[60,143756,71],{"class":70},[60,143758,91],{"class":78},[60,143760,143761],{"class":82},"abcHelloCba",[60,143763,3273],{"class":78},[60,143765,143766,143768,143770,143772,143774,143776,143778,143780,143782,143784],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143767,140],{"class":139},[60,143769,124],{"class":74},[60,143771,34594],{"class":120},[60,143773,117],{"class":74},[60,143775,8546],{"class":120},[60,143777,124],{"class":74},[60,143779,79],{"class":78},[60,143781,41445],{"class":82},[60,143783,79],{"class":78},[60,143785,1691],{"class":74},[20,143787,404],{},[51,143789,143791],{"className":53,"code":143790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloC\n",[15,143792,143793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143794,143795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143796,143790],{"class":66},[20,143798,6147],{},[20,143800,143801,39,143804,143806,143807,143809,143810,36,143812,2112,143814,143816],{},[15,143802,143803],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[41,143805,43],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143808,41445],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143811,30],{},[15,143813,1428],{},[15,143815,1437],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143818,143819],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143821,143822,143823,6542],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[30,143824,143825],{"href":129684},[15,143826,124274],{},[46,143828,143830,474,143832,474,143835],{"id":143829},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143831,41538],{},[15,143833,143834],{},"lstrip()",[15,143836,143837],{},"rstrip()",[20,143839,143840],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[260,143842,143843,143848,143853],{},[263,143844,143845,143847],{},[15,143846,41538],{}," removes from both ends",[263,143849,143850,143852],{},[15,143851,143834],{}," removes from the left side only",[263,143854,143855,143857],{},[15,143856,143837],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143859,2127],{},[51,143861,143863],{"className":53,"code":143862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143864,143865,143877,143881,143899,143918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143866,143867,143869,143871,143873,143875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143868,34573],{"class":66},[60,143870,71],{"class":70},[60,143872,91],{"class":78},[60,143874,143110],{"class":82},[60,143876,3273],{"class":78},[60,143878,143879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143880,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,143882,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143884,140],{"class":139},[60,143886,124],{"class":74},[60,143888,41664],{"class":139},[60,143890,124],{"class":74},[60,143892,34594],{"class":120},[60,143894,117],{"class":74},[60,143896,8546],{"class":120},[60,143898,6201],{"class":74},[60,143900,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911,143913,143916],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,143902,140],{"class":139},[60,143904,124],{"class":74},[60,143906,41664],{"class":139},[60,143908,124],{"class":74},[60,143910,34594],{"class":120},[60,143912,117],{"class":74},[60,143914,143915],{"class":120},"lstrip",[60,143917,6201],{"class":74},[60,143919,143920,143922,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143935],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,143921,140],{"class":139},[60,143923,124],{"class":74},[60,143925,41664],{"class":139},[60,143927,124],{"class":74},[60,143929,34594],{"class":120},[60,143931,117],{"class":74},[60,143933,143934],{"class":120},"rstrip",[60,143936,6201],{"class":74},[20,143938,404],{},[51,143940,143942],{"className":53,"code":143941,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143943,143944,143952,143961],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143945,143946,143948,143950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143947,205],{"class":43213},[60,143949,3759],{"class":43217},[60,143951,29585],{"class":43213},[60,143953,143954,143956,143959],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143955,205],{"class":43213},[60,143957,143958],{"class":43217},"hello  ",[60,143960,29585],{"class":43213},[60,143962,143963,143965,143968],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,143964,205],{"class":43213},[60,143966,143967],{"class":43217},"  hello",[60,143969,29585],{"class":43213},[20,143971,143972],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[46,143974,108111],{"id":108110},[20,143976,143977],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[260,143979,143980,143988,143998,144001],{},[263,143981,143982,143984,143985,143987],{},[15,143983,143803],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143986,41414],{}," once",[263,143989,143990,143991,36,143993,2112,143995,143997],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143992,30],{},[15,143994,1428],{},[15,143996,1437],{}," from both ends",[263,143999,144000],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[263,144002,144003],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144005,2127],{},[51,144007,144009],{"className":53,"code":144008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144010,144011,144024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144012,144013,144015,144017,144019,144022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144014,126186],{"class":66},[60,144016,71],{"class":70},[60,144018,91],{"class":78},[60,144020,144021],{"class":82},"txt_report.txt",[60,144023,3273],{"class":78},[60,144025,144026,144028,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038,144040,144042,144044],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144027,140],{"class":139},[60,144029,124],{"class":74},[60,144031,126204],{"class":120},[60,144033,117],{"class":74},[60,144035,8546],{"class":120},[60,144037,124],{"class":74},[60,144039,79],{"class":78},[60,144041,126239],{"class":82},[60,144043,79],{"class":78},[60,144045,1691],{"class":74},[20,144047,404],{},[51,144049,144051],{"className":53,"code":144050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"_report\n",[15,144052,144053],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144054,144055],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144056,144050],{"class":66},[20,144058,144059,144060,36,144062,2112,144064,144066],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144061,117],{},[15,144063,63174],{},[15,144065,2093],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144068,53539,144069,4694,144072,144074],{},[15,144070,144071],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[41,144073,43],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144076,144077,144078,144082],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[30,144079,144080],{"href":129684},[15,144081,124274],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[46,144084,1220,144086],{"id":144085},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144087,41538],{},[20,144089,243,144090,144092],{},[15,144091,41538],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144094,36309],{},[260,144096,144097,144101,144103,144106],{},[263,144098,143419,144099,3798],{},[15,144100,2873],{},[263,144102,143424],{},[263,144104,144105],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[263,144107,144108],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144110,2127],{},[51,144112,144114],{"className":53,"code":144113,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144115,144116,144130,144134,144147],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144117,144118,144121,144123,144125,144128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144119,144120],{"class":66},"email ",[60,144122,71],{"class":70},[60,144124,91],{"class":78},[60,144126,144127],{"class":82},"  user@example.com  ",[60,144129,3273],{"class":78},[60,144131,144132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144133,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144135,144136,144138,144141,144143,144145],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144137,1154],{"class":1153},[60,144139,144140],{"class":66}," email",[60,144142,117],{"class":74},[60,144144,8546],{"class":120},[60,144146,21484],{"class":74},[60,144148,144149,144151,144153,144155,144158,144160],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144150,7981],{"class":139},[60,144152,124],{"class":74},[60,144154,79],{"class":78},[60,144156,144157],{"class":82},"Email was entered",[60,144159,79],{"class":78},[60,144161,133],{"class":74},[20,144163,404],{},[51,144165,144167],{"className":53,"code":144166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Email was entered\n",[15,144168,144169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144170,144171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144172,144166],{"class":66},[20,144174,144175,144176,144178,144179,117],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144177,41538],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[30,144180,144181],{"href":123830},[15,144182,123833],{},[46,144184,1245],{"id":1244},[20,144186,84128],{},[260,144188,144189,144193,144198,144203],{},[263,144190,1254,144191,131323],{},[15,144192,41538],{},[263,144194,1254,144195,144197],{},[15,144196,41538],{}," to remove text from the middle",[263,144199,8331,144200,144202],{},[15,144201,144071],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[263,144204,4615,144205,144208],{},[15,144206,144207],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144210,144211],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[51,144213,144215],{"className":53,"code":144214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144216,144217,144231,144235,144245,144259,144273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144218,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144220,34573],{"class":66},[60,144222,71],{"class":70},[60,144224,91],{"class":78},[60,144226,143967],{"class":82},[60,144228,87041],{"class":34338},[60,144230,3273],{"class":78},[60,144232,144233],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144234,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144236,144237,144239,144241,144243],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144238,140],{"class":139},[60,144240,124],{"class":74},[60,144242,34594],{"class":120},[60,144244,133],{"class":74},[60,144246,144247,144249,144251,144253,144255,144257],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144248,140],{"class":139},[60,144250,124],{"class":74},[60,144252,41664],{"class":139},[60,144254,124],{"class":74},[60,144256,34594],{"class":120},[60,144258,1691],{"class":74},[60,144260,144261,144263,144265,144267,144269,144271],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,144262,140],{"class":139},[60,144264,124],{"class":74},[60,144266,34594],{"class":120},[60,144268,117],{"class":74},[60,144270,8546],{"class":120},[60,144272,7105],{"class":74},[60,144274,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287,144289],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,144276,140],{"class":139},[60,144278,124],{"class":74},[60,144280,41664],{"class":139},[60,144282,124],{"class":74},[60,144284,34594],{"class":120},[60,144286,117],{"class":74},[60,144288,8546],{"class":120},[60,144290,6201],{"class":74},[20,144292,404],{},[51,144294,144296],{"className":53,"code":144295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144297,144298,144303,144307,144317,144321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144299,144300],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144301,144302],{"class":66},"  hello\n",[60,144304,144305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144306,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144308,144309,144311,144313,144315],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144310,205],{"class":43213},[60,144312,143967],{"class":43217},[60,144314,87041],{"class":143644},[60,144316,29585],{"class":43213},[60,144318,144319],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144320,138418],{"class":66},[60,144322,144323,144325,144327],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,144324,205],{"class":43213},[60,144326,3759],{"class":43217},[60,144328,29585],{"class":43213},[20,144330,144331],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[51,144333,144335],{"className":53,"code":144334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144336,144337,144347,144361,144375,144393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144338,144339,144341,144343,144345],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144340,140],{"class":139},[60,144342,124],{"class":74},[60,144344,34594],{"class":120},[60,144346,133],{"class":74},[60,144348,144349,144351,144353,144355,144357,144359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144350,140],{"class":139},[60,144352,124],{"class":74},[60,144354,41664],{"class":139},[60,144356,124],{"class":74},[60,144358,34594],{"class":120},[60,144360,1691],{"class":74},[60,144362,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371,144373],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144364,140],{"class":139},[60,144366,124],{"class":74},[60,144368,34594],{"class":120},[60,144370,117],{"class":74},[60,144372,8546],{"class":120},[60,144374,7105],{"class":74},[60,144376,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144378,140],{"class":139},[60,144380,124],{"class":74},[60,144382,41664],{"class":139},[60,144384,124],{"class":74},[60,144386,34594],{"class":120},[60,144388,117],{"class":74},[60,144390,8546],{"class":120},[60,144392,6201],{"class":74},[60,144394,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403,144405],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,144396,1713],{"class":139},[60,144398,124],{"class":74},[60,144400,3358],{"class":1683},[60,144402,117],{"class":74},[60,144404,8546],{"class":1723},[60,144406,133],{"class":74},[20,144408,144409,144411],{},[15,144410,122317],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[46,144413,1746],{"id":1745},[337,144415,12599,144417,144419],{"id":144416},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144418,41538],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144421,1801,144422,144424],{},[15,144423,41538],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[337,144426,12599,144428,124430],{"id":144427},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144429,41538],{},[20,144431,144432],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[337,144434,1760,144436,144438],{"id":144435},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144437,41538],{}," remove by default?",[20,144440,144441],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[337,144443,34090,144445,34093,144447,1779],{"id":144444},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144446,41538],{},[15,144448,124274],{},[20,144450,144451,144453,144454,144456],{},[15,144452,41538],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144455,124274],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[337,144458,144460],{"id":144459},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144462,127976,144463,144465,144466,144468],{},[15,144464,143834],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144467,143837],{}," for the right side.",[46,144470,1808],{"id":1807},[260,144472,144473,144479,144485,144490,144495],{},[263,144474,144475],{},[30,144476,126103,144477,1818],{"href":123830},[15,144478,123833],{},[263,144480,144481],{},[30,144482,126103,144483,1818],{"href":129684},[15,144484,124274],{},[263,144486,144487],{},[30,144488,144489],{"href":143571},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[263,144491,144492],{},[30,144493,144494],{"href":87694},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[263,144496,144497],{},[30,144498,124858],{"href":50861},[1841,144500,144501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":144503},[144504,144505,144507,144511,144513,144514,144516,144517,144519,144520,144531],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":143156,"depth":111,"text":144506},"What strip() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":144508},[144509,144510],{"id":143279,"depth":136,"text":143271},{"id":143330,"depth":136,"text":143276},{"id":143404,"depth":111,"text":144512},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143670,"depth":111,"text":143671},{"id":143829,"depth":111,"text":144515},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108110,"depth":111,"text":108111},{"id":144085,"depth":111,"text":144518},"When to use strip()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":144521},[144522,144524,144526,144528,144530],{"id":144416,"depth":136,"text":144523},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144427,"depth":136,"text":144525},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144435,"depth":136,"text":144527},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144444,"depth":136,"text":144529},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144459,"depth":136,"text":144460},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143077,"description":144532},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144539,"title":144540,"body":144541,"description":145721,"extension":1883,"meta":145722,"navigation":152,"path":145723,"seo":145724,"stem":145725,"__hash__":145726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144542,"toc":145691},[144543,144548,144553,144558,144560,144606,144614,144619,144633,144639,144641,144643,144658,144660,144670,144673,144704,144707,144730,144732,144735,144792,144794,144808,144810,144824,144830,144835,144838,144879,144881,144890,144898,144901,144946,144948,144957,144960,144964,144969,144983,144985,145017,145019,145039,145042,145047,145052,145054,145065,145068,145125,145127,145135,145144,145146,145148,145154,145156,145193,145195,145203,145205,145246,145248,145257,145262,145267,145269,145296,145303,145306,145337,145339,145348,145354,145363,145394,145396,145408,145421,145425,145430,145460,145462,145529,145531,145541,145543,145548,145551,145556,145561,145565,145571,145577,145580,145582,145640,145642,145650,145652,145688],[10,144544,123103,144546,18],{"id":144545},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144547,127981],{},[20,144549,123108,144550,144552],{},[15,144551,127981],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144554,84505,144555,144557],{},[15,144556,127981],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[46,144559,49],{"id":48},[51,144561,144563],{"className":53,"code":144562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144564,144565,144577,144591,144601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144566,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144568,34573],{"class":66},[60,144570,71],{"class":70},[60,144572,91],{"class":78},[60,144574,128822],{"class":82},[60,144576,3273],{"class":78},[60,144578,144579,144581,144583,144585,144587,144589],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144580,688],{"class":66},[60,144582,71],{"class":70},[60,144584,42726],{"class":66},[60,144586,117],{"class":74},[60,144588,34363],{"class":120},[60,144590,8555],{"class":74},[60,144592,144593,144595,144597,144599],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144594,140],{"class":139},[60,144596,124],{"class":74},[60,144598,720],{"class":120},[60,144600,133],{"class":74},[60,144602,144603],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144604,144605],{"class":177},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144607,144608,144610,144611,144613],{},[15,144609,127981],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[41,144612,43],{}," change the original string in place.",[46,144615,250,144617,253],{"id":144616},"what-upper-does",[15,144618,127981],{},[260,144620,144621,144626,144629,144631],{},[263,144622,144623,144625],{},[15,144624,127981],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[263,144627,144628],{},"It works on string values only",[263,144630,133351],{},[263,144632,136069],{},[20,144634,124855,144635,288,144637,117],{},[30,144636,136075],{"href":136074},[30,144638,124858],{"href":50861},[46,144640,296],{"id":295},[20,144642,2079],{},[51,144644,144646],{"className":53,"code":144645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.upper()\n",[15,144647,144648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144651,61061],{"class":66},[60,144653,117],{"class":74},[60,144655,34363],{"class":120},[60,144657,8555],{"class":74},[20,144659,11358],{},[260,144661,144662,144664,144667],{},[263,144663,97411],{},[263,144665,144666],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[263,144668,144669],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144671,144672],{},"Example with a variable:",[51,144674,144676],{"className":53,"code":144675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144677,144678,144690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144679,144680,144682,144684,144686,144688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144681,7788],{"class":66},[60,144683,71],{"class":70},[60,144685,91],{"class":78},[60,144687,55],{"class":82},[60,144689,3273],{"class":78},[60,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700,144702],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144693,140],{"class":139},[60,144695,124],{"class":74},[60,144697,7580],{"class":120},[60,144699,117],{"class":74},[60,144701,34363],{"class":120},[60,144703,7105],{"class":74},[20,144705,144706],{},"Example with a string literal:",[51,144708,144710],{"className":53,"code":144709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144711,144712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144713,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144715,140],{"class":139},[60,144717,124],{"class":74},[60,144719,79],{"class":78},[60,144721,3759],{"class":82},[60,144723,79],{"class":78},[60,144725,117],{"class":74},[60,144727,34363],{"class":120},[60,144729,7105],{"class":74},[46,144731,839],{"id":838},[20,144733,144734],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[51,144736,144738],{"className":53,"code":144737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144739,144740,144752,144767,144771,144781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144741,144742,144744,144746,144748,144750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144743,6066],{"class":66},[60,144745,71],{"class":70},[60,144747,91],{"class":78},[60,144749,504],{"class":82},[60,144751,3273],{"class":78},[60,144753,144754,144757,144759,144761,144763,144765],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144755,144756],{"class":66},"uppercase_word ",[60,144758,71],{"class":70},[60,144760,38265],{"class":66},[60,144762,117],{"class":74},[60,144764,34363],{"class":120},[60,144766,8555],{"class":74},[60,144768,144769],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144770,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144772,144773,144775,144777,144779],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144774,140],{"class":139},[60,144776,124],{"class":74},[60,144778,38275],{"class":120},[60,144780,133],{"class":74},[60,144782,144783,144785,144787,144790],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,144784,140],{"class":139},[60,144786,124],{"class":74},[60,144788,144789],{"class":120},"uppercase_word",[60,144791,133],{"class":74},[20,144793,404],{},[51,144795,144797],{"className":53,"code":144796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144798,144799,144803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144800,144801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144802,70294],{"class":66},[60,144804,144805],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144806,144807],{"class":34338},"BANANA\n",[20,144809,112217],{},[260,144811,144812,144817],{},[263,144813,144814,144816],{},[15,144815,38275],{}," keeps its original value",[263,144818,144819,144821,144822],{},[15,144820,144789],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144823,127981],{},[46,144825,144827,144829],{"id":144826},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144828,127981],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144831,136735,144832,144834],{},[41,144833,136738],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144836,144837],{},"So this method:",[51,144839,144841],{"className":53,"code":144840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144842,144843,144855,144865,144869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144844,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144846,7788],{"class":66},[60,144848,71],{"class":70},[60,144850,91],{"class":78},[60,144852,17693],{"class":82},[60,144854,3273],{"class":78},[60,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144858,7580],{"class":66},[60,144860,117],{"class":74},[60,144862,34363],{"class":120},[60,144864,8555],{"class":74},[60,144866,144867],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144868,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144870,144871,144873,144875,144877],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144872,140],{"class":139},[60,144874,124],{"class":74},[60,144876,7580],{"class":120},[60,144878,133],{"class":74},[20,144880,404],{},[51,144882,144884],{"className":53,"code":144883,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"alice\n",[15,144885,144886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144887,144888],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144889,144883],{"class":66},[20,144891,20867,144892,144894,144895,144897],{},[15,144893,127981],{}," was called, ",[15,144896,7580],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144899,144900],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[51,144902,144904],{"className":53,"code":144903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144905,144906,144918,144932,144936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144907,144908,144910,144912,144914,144916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144909,7788],{"class":66},[60,144911,71],{"class":70},[60,144913,91],{"class":78},[60,144915,17693],{"class":82},[60,144917,3273],{"class":78},[60,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928,144930],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144921,7788],{"class":66},[60,144923,71],{"class":70},[60,144925,35878],{"class":66},[60,144927,117],{"class":74},[60,144929,34363],{"class":120},[60,144931,8555],{"class":74},[60,144933,144934],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,144935,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,144937,144938,144940,144942,144944],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,144939,140],{"class":139},[60,144941,124],{"class":74},[60,144943,7580],{"class":120},[60,144945,133],{"class":74},[20,144947,404],{},[51,144949,144951],{"className":53,"code":144950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ALICE\n",[15,144952,144953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144954,144955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144956,144950],{"class":34338},[20,144958,144959],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[46,144961,144963],{"id":144962},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144965,144966,144968],{},[15,144967,127981],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[260,144970,144971,144974,144977,144980],{},[263,144972,144973],{},"Numbers stay the same",[263,144975,144976],{},"Spaces stay the same",[263,144978,144979],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[263,144981,144982],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144984,2127],{},[51,144986,144988],{"className":53,"code":144987,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144989,144990,145003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144991,144992,144994,144996,144998,145001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144993,34573],{"class":66},[60,144995,71],{"class":70},[60,144997,91],{"class":78},[60,144999,145000],{"class":82},"Room 7, table #3!",[60,145002,3273],{"class":78},[60,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013,145015],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145006,140],{"class":139},[60,145008,124],{"class":74},[60,145010,34594],{"class":120},[60,145012,117],{"class":74},[60,145014,34363],{"class":120},[60,145016,7105],{"class":74},[20,145018,404],{},[51,145020,145022],{"className":53,"code":145021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145023,145024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145025,145026,145029,145031,145033,145036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145027,145028],{"class":34338},"ROOM",[60,145030,5905],{"class":357},[60,145032,88],{"class":74},[60,145034,145035],{"class":34338}," TABLE",[60,145037,145038],{"class":177}," #3!\n",[20,145040,145041],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[46,145043,1220,145045],{"id":145044},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145046,127981],{},[20,145048,145049,145051],{},[15,145050,127981],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145053,48224],{},[260,145055,145056,145059,145062],{},[263,145057,145058],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[263,145060,145061],{},"Format labels or headings",[263,145063,145064],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145066,145067],{},"Example: simple comparison",[51,145069,145071],{"className":53,"code":145070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145072,145073,145085,145089,145111],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145074,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145076,136346],{"class":66},[60,145078,71],{"class":70},[60,145080,91],{"class":78},[60,145082,8570],{"class":82},[60,145084,3273],{"class":78},[60,145086,145087],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145088,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103,145105,145107,145109],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145092,1154],{"class":1153},[60,145094,136366],{"class":66},[60,145096,117],{"class":74},[60,145098,34363],{"class":120},[60,145100,7277],{"class":74},[60,145102,6319],{"class":70},[60,145104,91],{"class":78},[60,145106,136353],{"class":82},[60,145108,79],{"class":78},[60,145110,1168],{"class":74},[60,145112,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121,145123],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,145114,7981],{"class":139},[60,145116,124],{"class":74},[60,145118,79],{"class":78},[60,145120,143550],{"class":82},[60,145122,79],{"class":78},[60,145124,133],{"class":74},[20,145126,404],{},[51,145128,145129],{"className":53,"code":143559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145130,145131],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145132,145133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145134,143559],{"class":66},[20,145136,145137,145138,36,145140,2112,145142,117],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145139,8570],{},[15,145141,137139],{},[15,145143,136353],{},[46,145145,1245],{"id":1244},[337,145147,95777],{"id":95776},[20,145149,8029,145150,145153],{},[15,145151,145152],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145155,1498],{},[51,145157,145159],{"className":53,"code":145158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145160,145161,145173,145183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145162,145163,145165,145167,145169,145171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145164,34573],{"class":66},[60,145166,71],{"class":70},[60,145168,91],{"class":78},[60,145170,3759],{"class":82},[60,145172,3273],{"class":78},[60,145174,145175,145177,145179,145181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145176,34594],{"class":66},[60,145178,117],{"class":74},[60,145180,34363],{"class":120},[60,145182,8555],{"class":74},[60,145184,145185,145187,145189,145191],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145186,140],{"class":139},[60,145188,124],{"class":74},[60,145190,34594],{"class":120},[60,145192,133],{"class":74},[20,145194,404],{},[51,145196,145197],{"className":53,"code":138418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145198,145199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145200,145201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145202,138418],{"class":66},[20,145204,16546],{},[51,145206,145208],{"className":53,"code":145207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145209,145210,145222,145236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145211,145212,145214,145216,145218,145220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145213,34573],{"class":66},[60,145215,71],{"class":70},[60,145217,91],{"class":78},[60,145219,3759],{"class":82},[60,145221,3273],{"class":78},[60,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232,145234],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145225,34573],{"class":66},[60,145227,71],{"class":70},[60,145229,42726],{"class":66},[60,145231,117],{"class":74},[60,145233,34363],{"class":120},[60,145235,8555],{"class":74},[60,145237,145238,145240,145242,145244],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145239,140],{"class":139},[60,145241,124],{"class":74},[60,145243,34594],{"class":120},[60,145245,133],{"class":74},[20,145247,404],{},[51,145249,145251],{"className":53,"code":145250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO\n",[15,145252,145253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145254,145255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145256,145250],{"class":34338},[337,145258,18797,145260,137025],{"id":145259},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145261,127981],{},[20,145263,145264,145266],{},[15,145265,127981],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145268,2127],{},[51,145270,145272],{"className":53,"code":145271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145273,145274,145282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145275,145276,145278,145280],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145277,2137],{"class":66},[60,145279,71],{"class":70},[60,145281,124785],{"class":357},[60,145283,145284,145286,145288,145290,145292,145294],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145285,140],{"class":139},[60,145287,124],{"class":74},[60,145289,2159],{"class":120},[60,145291,117],{"class":74},[60,145293,34363],{"class":120},[60,145295,7105],{"class":74},[20,145297,39538,145298,145300,145301,33485],{},[15,145299,2108],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145302,127981],{},[20,145304,145305],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[51,145307,145309],{"className":53,"code":145308,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145310,145311,145319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145312,145313,145315,145317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145314,2137],{"class":66},[60,145316,71],{"class":70},[60,145318,124785],{"class":357},[60,145320,145321,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145322,140],{"class":139},[60,145324,124],{"class":74},[60,145326,3358],{"class":1683},[60,145328,124],{"class":74},[60,145330,2159],{"class":120},[60,145332,8543],{"class":74},[60,145334,34363],{"class":120},[60,145336,7105],{"class":74},[20,145338,404],{},[51,145340,145342],{"className":53,"code":145341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"123\n",[15,145343,145344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145345,145346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145347,145341],{"class":357},[337,145349,1391,145351,145353],{"id":145350},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145352,127981],{}," with title case",[20,145355,145356,145358,145359,145362],{},[15,145357,127981],{}," makes ",[41,145360,145361],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[51,145364,145366],{"className":53,"code":145365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145367,145368,145380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145369,145370,145372,145374,145376,145378],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145371,34573],{"class":66},[60,145373,71],{"class":70},[60,145375,91],{"class":78},[60,145377,60293],{"class":82},[60,145379,3273],{"class":78},[60,145381,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390,145392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145383,140],{"class":139},[60,145385,124],{"class":74},[60,145387,34594],{"class":120},[60,145389,117],{"class":74},[60,145391,34363],{"class":120},[60,145393,7105],{"class":74},[20,145395,404],{},[51,145397,145399],{"className":53,"code":145398,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145400,145401],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145402,145403,145405],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145404,136127],{"class":34338},[60,145406,145407],{"class":34338}," WORLD\n",[20,145409,145410,145411,145415,145416,145420],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[30,145412,145413],{"href":123830},[15,145414,123833],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[30,145417,145418],{"href":129684},[15,145419,124274],{}," changes parts of a string.",[46,145422,145424],{"id":145423},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145426,145427,145428,258],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145429,127981],{},[260,145431,145432,145439,145446,145453],{},[263,145433,145434,145438],{},[30,145435,145436],{"href":123830},[15,145437,123833],{}," for lowercase text",[263,145440,145441,145445],{},[30,145442,145443],{"href":136673},[15,145444,41538],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[263,145447,145448,145452],{},[30,145449,145450],{"href":129684},[15,145451,124274],{}," for changing parts of a string",[263,145454,145455,1776,145457,145459],{},[15,145456,127471],{},[15,145458,126161],{}," for checks",[20,145461,2127],{},[51,145463,145465],{"className":53,"code":145464,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145466,145467,145479,145483,145498,145514,145518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145468,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145470,34573],{"class":66},[60,145472,71],{"class":70},[60,145474,91],{"class":78},[60,145476,143201],{"class":82},[60,145478,3273],{"class":78},[60,145480,145481],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145482,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,145484,145485,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145486,145487],{"class":66},"cleaned ",[60,145489,71],{"class":70},[60,145491,42726],{"class":66},[60,145493,117],{"class":74},[60,145495,8546],{"class":120},[60,145497,8555],{"class":74},[60,145499,145500,145503,145505,145508,145510,145512],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,145501,145502],{"class":66},"loud ",[60,145504,71],{"class":70},[60,145506,145507],{"class":66}," cleaned",[60,145509,117],{"class":74},[60,145511,34363],{"class":120},[60,145513,8555],{"class":74},[60,145515,145516],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,145517,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,145519,145520,145522,145524,145527],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,145521,140],{"class":139},[60,145523,124],{"class":74},[60,145525,145526],{"class":120},"loud",[60,145528,133],{"class":74},[20,145530,404],{},[51,145532,145533],{"className":53,"code":145398,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145534,145535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145536,145537,145539],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145538,136127],{"class":34338},[60,145540,145407],{"class":34338},[46,145542,1746],{"id":1745},[337,145544,12599,145546,124430],{"id":145545},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145547,127981],{},[20,145549,145550],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[337,145552,12599,145554,137407],{"id":145553},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145555,127981],{},[20,145557,145558,145559,117],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145560,145152],{},[337,145562,145564],{"id":145563},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145566,145567,145568,145570],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145569,127981],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[337,145572,1795,145574,145576],{"id":145573},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145575,127981],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145578,145579],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145581,2127],{},[51,145583,145585],{"className":53,"code":145584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145586,145587,145599,145612,145616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145588,145589,145591,145593,145595,145597],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145590,2471],{"class":66},[60,145592,71],{"class":70},[60,145594,91],{"class":78},[60,145596,55],{"class":82},[60,145598,3273],{"class":78},[60,145600,145601,145603,145605,145607,145610],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145602,2499],{"class":66},[60,145604,71],{"class":70},[60,145606,91],{"class":78},[60,145608,145609],{"class":82},"PYTHON",[60,145611,3273],{"class":78},[60,145613,145614],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145615,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,145617,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,145619,140],{"class":139},[60,145621,124],{"class":74},[60,145623,30],{"class":120},[60,145625,117],{"class":74},[60,145627,34363],{"class":120},[60,145629,7277],{"class":74},[60,145631,6319],{"class":70},[60,145633,2476],{"class":120},[60,145635,117],{"class":74},[60,145637,34363],{"class":120},[60,145639,7105],{"class":74},[20,145641,404],{},[51,145643,145644],{"className":53,"code":3892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145645,145646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145647,145648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145649,3892],{"class":734},[46,145651,1808],{"id":1807},[260,145653,145654,145658,145664,145670,145676,145680,145684],{},[263,145655,145656],{},[30,145657,124858],{"href":50861},[263,145659,145660],{},[30,145661,126103,145662,1818],{"href":123830},[15,145663,123833],{},[263,145665,145666],{},[30,145667,126103,145668,1818],{"href":136673},[15,145669,41538],{},[263,145671,145672],{},[30,145673,126103,145674,1818],{"href":129684},[15,145675,124274],{},[263,145677,145678],{},[30,145679,90571],{"href":89580},[263,145681,145682],{},[30,145683,124502],{"href":123358},[263,145685,145686],{},[30,145687,137493],{"href":136074},[1841,145689,145690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":145692},[145693,145694,145696,145697,145698,145700,145701,145703,145710,145711,145720],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":144616,"depth":111,"text":145695},"What upper() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":144826,"depth":111,"text":145699},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144962,"depth":111,"text":144963},{"id":145044,"depth":111,"text":145702},"When to use upper()",{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":145704},[145705,145706,145708],{"id":95776,"depth":136,"text":95777},{"id":145259,"depth":136,"text":145707},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145350,"depth":136,"text":145709},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145423,"depth":111,"text":145424},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":145712},[145713,145715,145717,145718],{"id":145545,"depth":136,"text":145714},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145553,"depth":136,"text":145716},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145563,"depth":136,"text":145564},{"id":145573,"depth":136,"text":145719},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144540,"description":145721},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145728,"title":145729,"body":145730,"description":147607,"extension":1883,"meta":147608,"navigation":152,"path":147609,"seo":147610,"stem":147611,"__hash__":147612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145731,"toc":147557},[145732,145738,145745,145751,145753,145809,145814,145819,145824,145827,145846,145849,145851,145875,145893,145904,145906,145909,145962,145964,145972,145974,145992,145997,146000,146057,146059,146068,146071,146091,146094,146100,146105,146107,146150,146152,146160,146163,146204,146206,146215,146221,146227,146254,146256,146264,146269,146273,146285,146328,146330,146338,146343,146349,146354,146358,146360,146403,146406,146453,146455,146464,146471,146475,146478,146524,146529,146533,146535,146578,146581,146589,146591,146596,146598,146600,146619,146622,146634,146636,146655,146657,146665,146669,146671,146722,146725,146800,146802,146810,146813,146817,146819,146866,146869,146940,146942,146950,146956,146958,147033,147037,147116,147118,147126,147132,147138,147143,147148,147197,147201,147272,147275,147280,147291,147294,147305,147315,147317,147322,147347,147352,147433,147435,147460,147462,147467,147470,147476,147485,147491,147494,147500,147506,147513,147516,147518,147554],[10,145733,3491,145735,3495],{"id":145734},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145736,145737],{},"sum()",[20,145739,9032,145740,145742,145743,24650],{},[15,145741,145737],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145744,59885],{},[20,145746,145747,145748,145750],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145749,35959],{}," value and a few important limits.",[46,145752,49],{"id":48},[51,145754,145756],{"className":53,"code":145755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145757,145758,145782,145797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145759,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145761,350],{"class":66},[60,145763,71],{"class":70},[60,145765,1512],{"class":74},[60,145767,358],{"class":357},[60,145769,88],{"class":74},[60,145771,363],{"class":357},[60,145773,88],{"class":74},[60,145775,368],{"class":357},[60,145777,88],{"class":74},[60,145779,373],{"class":357},[60,145781,1525],{"class":74},[60,145783,145784,145786,145788,145791,145793,145795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145785,41067],{"class":66},[60,145787,71],{"class":70},[60,145789,145790],{"class":139}," sum",[60,145792,124],{"class":74},[60,145794,380],{"class":120},[60,145796,133],{"class":74},[60,145798,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145800,140],{"class":139},[60,145802,124],{"class":74},[60,145804,41096],{"class":120},[60,145806,174],{"class":74},[60,145808,26680],{"class":177},[20,145810,243,145811,145813],{},[15,145812,145737],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[46,145815,250,145817,253],{"id":145816},"what-sum-does",[15,145818,145737],{},[20,145820,145821,145823],{},[15,145822,145737],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145825,145826],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[260,145828,145829,145832,145835,145840],{},[263,145830,145831],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[263,145833,145834],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[263,145836,145837,145838],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145839,36083],{},[263,145841,145842,145843,145845],{},"Counting ",[15,145844,3520],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145847,145848],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[46,145850,296],{"id":295},[51,145852,145854],{"className":53,"code":145853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145855,145856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145857,145858,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145859,145860],{"class":139},"sum",[60,145862,124],{"class":74},[60,145864,3634],{"class":120},[60,145866,88],{"class":74},[60,145868,35938],{"class":9084},[60,145870,71],{"class":70},[60,145872,2039],{"class":357},[60,145874,133],{"class":74},[260,145876,145877,145882,145887],{},[263,145878,145879,145881],{},[15,145880,3634],{}," is the group of values to add",[263,145883,145884,145886],{},[15,145885,35959],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[263,145888,145889,145890],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145891,145892],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145894,145895,145896,145899,145900,117],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145897,145898,3634],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[30,145901,145902,24504],{"href":36080},[15,145903,36083],{},[46,145905,839],{"id":838},[20,145907,145908],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[51,145910,145912],{"className":53,"code":145911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145913,145914,145934,145948,145952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145915,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145917,350],{"class":66},[60,145919,71],{"class":70},[60,145921,1512],{"class":74},[60,145923,2056],{"class":357},[60,145925,88],{"class":74},[60,145927,5916],{"class":357},[60,145929,88],{"class":74},[60,145931,37820],{"class":357},[60,145933,1525],{"class":74},[60,145935,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145937,41067],{"class":66},[60,145939,71],{"class":70},[60,145941,145790],{"class":139},[60,145943,124],{"class":74},[60,145945,380],{"class":120},[60,145947,133],{"class":74},[60,145949,145950],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,145951,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,145953,145954,145956,145958,145960],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,145955,140],{"class":139},[60,145957,124],{"class":74},[60,145959,41096],{"class":120},[60,145961,133],{"class":74},[20,145963,404],{},[51,145965,145966],{"className":53,"code":69728,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,145967,145968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145969,145970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145971,69728],{"class":357},[20,145973,11578],{},[260,145975,145976,145981,145987],{},[263,145977,145978,145980],{},[15,145979,380],{}," contains three integers",[263,145982,145983,145986],{},[15,145984,145985],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[263,145988,145989,145990],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145991,41096],{},[46,145993,36496,145995,8347],{"id":145994},"using-the-start-value",[15,145996,35959],{},[20,145998,145999],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[51,146001,146003],{"className":53,"code":146002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146004,146005,146025,146043,146047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146006,146007,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017,146019,146021,146023],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146008,350],{"class":66},[60,146010,71],{"class":70},[60,146012,1512],{"class":74},[60,146014,358],{"class":357},[60,146016,88],{"class":74},[60,146018,363],{"class":357},[60,146020,88],{"class":74},[60,146022,368],{"class":357},[60,146024,1525],{"class":74},[60,146026,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146028,41067],{"class":66},[60,146030,71],{"class":70},[60,146032,145790],{"class":139},[60,146034,124],{"class":74},[60,146036,380],{"class":120},[60,146038,88],{"class":74},[60,146040,5916],{"class":357},[60,146042,133],{"class":74},[60,146044,146045],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,146046,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,146048,146049,146051,146053,146055],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,146050,140],{"class":139},[60,146052,124],{"class":74},[60,146054,41096],{"class":120},[60,146056,133],{"class":74},[20,146058,404],{},[51,146060,146062],{"className":53,"code":146061,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"16\n",[15,146063,146064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146065,146066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146067,146061],{"class":357},[20,146069,146070],{},"This works like:",[260,146072,146073,146078,146083,146087],{},[263,146074,146075,146076],{},"Start at ",[15,146077,2250],{},[263,146079,146080,146081],{},"Add ",[15,146082,358],{},[263,146084,146080,146085],{},[15,146086,1303],{},[263,146088,146080,146089],{},[15,146090,389],{},[20,146092,146093],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[46,146095,250,146097,146099],{"id":146096},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146098,145737],{}," can work with",[20,146101,146102,146104],{},[15,146103,145737],{}," works with numeric values.",[337,146106,40309],{"id":40308},[51,146108,146110],{"className":53,"code":146109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146111,146112,146136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146113,146114,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146115,3736],{"class":66},[60,146117,71],{"class":70},[60,146119,1512],{"class":74},[60,146121,358],{"class":357},[60,146123,88],{"class":74},[60,146125,363],{"class":357},[60,146127,88],{"class":74},[60,146129,368],{"class":357},[60,146131,88],{"class":74},[60,146133,373],{"class":357},[60,146135,1525],{"class":74},[60,146137,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146139,140],{"class":139},[60,146141,124],{"class":74},[60,146143,145860],{"class":139},[60,146145,124],{"class":74},[60,146147,5268],{"class":120},[60,146149,1691],{"class":74},[20,146151,404],{},[51,146153,146154],{"className":53,"code":2296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146155,146156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146157,146158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146159,2296],{"class":357},[337,146161,146162],{"id":51932},"Floats",[51,146164,146166],{"className":53,"code":146165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146167,146168,146190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146169,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146183,146185,146188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146171,82936],{"class":66},[60,146173,71],{"class":70},[60,146175,1512],{"class":74},[60,146177,41043],{"class":357},[60,146179,88],{"class":74},[60,146181,146182],{"class":357}," 3.75",[60,146184,88],{"class":74},[60,146186,146187],{"class":357}," 1.25",[60,146189,1525],{"class":74},[60,146191,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146193,140],{"class":139},[60,146195,124],{"class":74},[60,146197,145860],{"class":139},[60,146199,124],{"class":74},[60,146201,82972],{"class":120},[60,146203,1691],{"class":74},[20,146205,404],{},[51,146207,146209],{"className":53,"code":146208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.5\n",[15,146210,146211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146212,146213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146214,146208],{"class":357},[20,146216,146217,146218,117],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[30,146219,146220],{"href":2338},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[337,146222,146224,146225],{"id":146223},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146226,36083],{},[51,146228,146230],{"className":53,"code":146229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146231,146232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146233,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146235,140],{"class":139},[60,146237,124],{"class":74},[60,146239,145860],{"class":139},[60,146241,124],{"class":74},[60,146243,59885],{"class":139},[60,146245,124],{"class":74},[60,146247,358],{"class":357},[60,146249,88],{"class":74},[60,146251,37527],{"class":357},[60,146253,2827],{"class":74},[20,146255,404],{},[51,146257,146258],{"className":53,"code":46925,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146259,146260],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146261,146262],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146263,46925],{"class":357},[20,146265,113307,146266,117],{},[15,146267,146268],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[337,146270,146272],{"id":146271},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146274,146275,146276,146278,146279,1776,146281,146278,146283,117],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146277,3520],{}," acts like ",[15,146280,358],{},[15,146282,3588],{},[15,146284,2039],{},[51,146286,146288],{"className":53,"code":146287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146289,146290,146314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146291,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146293,51852],{"class":66},[60,146295,71],{"class":70},[60,146297,1512],{"class":74},[60,146299,3520],{"class":734},[60,146301,88],{"class":74},[60,146303,3819],{"class":734},[60,146305,88],{"class":74},[60,146307,3828],{"class":734},[60,146309,88],{"class":74},[60,146311,3828],{"class":734},[60,146313,1525],{"class":74},[60,146315,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146317,140],{"class":139},[60,146319,124],{"class":74},[60,146321,145860],{"class":139},[60,146323,124],{"class":74},[60,146325,51905],{"class":120},[60,146327,1691],{"class":74},[20,146329,404],{},[51,146331,146332],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146333,146334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146335,146336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146337,46501],{"class":357},[20,146339,146340,146341,117],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146342,3520],{},[46,146344,250,146346,146348],{"id":146345},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146347,145737],{}," does not work with",[20,146350,146351,146353],{},[15,146352,145737],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[337,146355,146357],{"id":146356},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146359,1603],{},[51,146361,146363],{"className":53,"code":146362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146364,146365,146389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146366,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146368,3983],{"class":66},[60,146370,71],{"class":70},[60,146372,1512],{"class":74},[60,146374,79],{"class":78},[60,146376,3759],{"class":82},[60,146378,79],{"class":78},[60,146380,88],{"class":74},[60,146382,91],{"class":78},[60,146384,60478],{"class":82},[60,146386,79],{"class":78},[60,146388,1525],{"class":74},[60,146390,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146392,140],{"class":139},[60,146394,124],{"class":74},[60,146396,145860],{"class":139},[60,146398,124],{"class":74},[60,146400,4025],{"class":120},[60,146402,1691],{"class":74},[20,146404,146405],{},"Use string joining instead:",[51,146407,146409],{"className":53,"code":146408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146410,146411,146435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146412,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146414,3983],{"class":66},[60,146416,71],{"class":70},[60,146418,1512],{"class":74},[60,146420,79],{"class":78},[60,146422,3759],{"class":82},[60,146424,79],{"class":78},[60,146426,88],{"class":74},[60,146428,91],{"class":78},[60,146430,60478],{"class":82},[60,146432,79],{"class":78},[60,146434,1525],{"class":74},[60,146436,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146438,140],{"class":139},[60,146440,124],{"class":74},[60,146442,6184],{"class":78},[60,146444,117],{"class":74},[60,146446,133262],{"class":120},[60,146448,124],{"class":74},[60,146450,4025],{"class":120},[60,146452,1691],{"class":74},[20,146454,404],{},[51,146456,146458],{"className":53,"code":146457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"helloworld\n",[15,146459,146460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146461,146462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146463,146457],{"class":66},[20,146465,146466,146467,117],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[30,146468,146469,5694],{"href":42059},[15,146470,47568],{},[337,146472,146474],{"id":146473},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146476,146477],{},"This also causes an error:",[51,146479,146481],{"className":53,"code":146480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146482,146483,146510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146484,146485,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146486,146487],{"class":66},"lists ",[60,146489,71],{"class":70},[60,146491,56179],{"class":74},[60,146493,358],{"class":357},[60,146495,88],{"class":74},[60,146497,363],{"class":357},[60,146499,17952],{"class":74},[60,146501,1512],{"class":74},[60,146503,389],{"class":357},[60,146505,88],{"class":74},[60,146507,373],{"class":357},[60,146509,53128],{"class":74},[60,146511,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146513,140],{"class":139},[60,146515,124],{"class":74},[60,146517,145860],{"class":139},[60,146519,124],{"class":74},[60,146521,5209],{"class":120},[60,146523,1691],{"class":74},[20,146525,146526,146528],{},[15,146527,145737],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[337,146530,146532],{"id":146531},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146534,5382],{},[51,146536,146538],{"className":53,"code":146537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146539,146540,146564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146541,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146543,3736],{"class":66},[60,146545,71],{"class":70},[60,146547,1512],{"class":74},[60,146549,358],{"class":357},[60,146551,88],{"class":74},[60,146553,363],{"class":357},[60,146555,88],{"class":74},[60,146557,91],{"class":78},[60,146559,389],{"class":82},[60,146561,79],{"class":78},[60,146563,1525],{"class":74},[60,146565,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146567,140],{"class":139},[60,146569,124],{"class":74},[60,146571,145860],{"class":139},[60,146573,124],{"class":74},[60,146575,5268],{"class":120},[60,146577,1691],{"class":74},[20,146579,146580],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146582,146583,146584,146586,146587,117],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146585,65833],{},", convert them first. See ",[30,146588,2878],{"href":2877},[46,146590,41389],{"id":41388},[20,146592,146593,146594,117],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146595,145737],{},[337,146597,6435],{"id":6434},[20,146599,1260],{},[51,146601,146603],{"className":53,"code":146602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146604,146605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146606,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146608,140],{"class":139},[60,146610,124],{"class":74},[60,146612,145860],{"class":139},[60,146614,124],{"class":74},[60,146616,2056],{"class":357},[60,146618,1691],{"class":74},[20,146620,146621],{},"Why it fails:",[260,146623,146624,146629],{},[263,146625,146626,146628],{},[15,146627,2056],{}," is a single integer",[263,146630,146631,146633],{},[15,146632,145737],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146635,6465],{},[51,146637,146639],{"className":53,"code":146638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146640,146641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146642,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146644,140],{"class":139},[60,146646,124],{"class":74},[60,146648,145860],{"class":139},[60,146650,1641],{"class":74},[60,146652,2056],{"class":357},[60,146654,2913],{"class":74},[20,146656,404],{},[51,146658,146659],{"className":53,"code":2862,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146660,146661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146662,146663],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146664,2862],{"class":357},[337,146666,146668],{"id":146667},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146670,1260],{},[51,146672,146674],{"className":53,"code":146673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146675,146676,146708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146677,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146679,3736],{"class":66},[60,146681,71],{"class":70},[60,146683,1512],{"class":74},[60,146685,79],{"class":78},[60,146687,358],{"class":82},[60,146689,79],{"class":78},[60,146691,88],{"class":74},[60,146693,91],{"class":78},[60,146695,1303],{"class":82},[60,146697,79],{"class":78},[60,146699,88],{"class":74},[60,146701,91],{"class":78},[60,146703,389],{"class":82},[60,146705,79],{"class":78},[60,146707,1525],{"class":74},[60,146709,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146711,140],{"class":139},[60,146713,124],{"class":74},[60,146715,145860],{"class":139},[60,146717,124],{"class":74},[60,146719,5268],{"class":120},[60,146721,1691],{"class":74},[20,146723,146724],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[51,146726,146728],{"className":53,"code":146727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146729,146730,146762,146790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146731,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146733,3736],{"class":66},[60,146735,71],{"class":70},[60,146737,1512],{"class":74},[60,146739,79],{"class":78},[60,146741,358],{"class":82},[60,146743,79],{"class":78},[60,146745,88],{"class":74},[60,146747,91],{"class":78},[60,146749,1303],{"class":82},[60,146751,79],{"class":78},[60,146753,88],{"class":74},[60,146755,91],{"class":78},[60,146757,389],{"class":82},[60,146759,79],{"class":78},[60,146761,1525],{"class":74},[60,146763,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146765,41067],{"class":66},[60,146767,71],{"class":70},[60,146769,145790],{"class":139},[60,146771,124],{"class":74},[60,146773,2108],{"class":1683},[60,146775,124],{"class":74},[60,146777,2093],{"class":120},[60,146779,174],{"class":74},[60,146781,3790],{"class":1153},[60,146783,3793],{"class":120},[60,146785,1703],{"class":1153},[60,146787,3798],{"class":120},[60,146789,133],{"class":74},[60,146791,146792,146794,146796,146798],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,146793,140],{"class":139},[60,146795,124],{"class":74},[60,146797,41096],{"class":120},[60,146799,133],{"class":74},[20,146801,404],{},[51,146803,146804],{"className":53,"code":2572,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146805,146806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146807,146808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146809,2572],{"class":357},[20,146811,146812],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[337,146814,146816],{"id":146815},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146818,1260],{},[51,146820,146822],{"className":53,"code":146821,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146823,146824,146852],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146825,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146827,3736],{"class":66},[60,146829,71],{"class":70},[60,146831,1512],{"class":74},[60,146833,358],{"class":357},[60,146835,88],{"class":74},[60,146837,363],{"class":357},[60,146839,88],{"class":74},[60,146841,91],{"class":78},[60,146843,389],{"class":82},[60,146845,79],{"class":78},[60,146847,88],{"class":74},[60,146849,373],{"class":357},[60,146851,1525],{"class":74},[60,146853,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146855,140],{"class":139},[60,146857,124],{"class":74},[60,146859,145860],{"class":139},[60,146861,124],{"class":74},[60,146863,5268],{"class":120},[60,146865,1691],{"class":74},[20,146867,146868],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[51,146870,146872],{"className":53,"code":146871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146873,146874,146902,146930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146875,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146877,3736],{"class":66},[60,146879,71],{"class":70},[60,146881,1512],{"class":74},[60,146883,358],{"class":357},[60,146885,88],{"class":74},[60,146887,363],{"class":357},[60,146889,88],{"class":74},[60,146891,91],{"class":78},[60,146893,389],{"class":82},[60,146895,79],{"class":78},[60,146897,88],{"class":74},[60,146899,373],{"class":357},[60,146901,1525],{"class":74},[60,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146905,41067],{"class":66},[60,146907,71],{"class":70},[60,146909,145790],{"class":139},[60,146911,124],{"class":74},[60,146913,2108],{"class":1683},[60,146915,124],{"class":74},[60,146917,2093],{"class":120},[60,146919,174],{"class":74},[60,146921,3790],{"class":1153},[60,146923,3793],{"class":120},[60,146925,1703],{"class":1153},[60,146927,3798],{"class":120},[60,146929,133],{"class":74},[60,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,146933,140],{"class":139},[60,146935,124],{"class":74},[60,146937,41096],{"class":120},[60,146939,133],{"class":74},[20,146941,404],{},[51,146943,146944],{"className":53,"code":2296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146945,146946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146947,146948],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146949,2296],{"class":357},[337,146951,8331,146953,146955],{"id":146952},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146954,145737],{}," to join text",[20,146957,1260],{},[51,146959,146961],{"className":53,"code":146960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146962,146963,147019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146964,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146966,1411],{"class":66},[60,146968,71],{"class":70},[60,146970,1512],{"class":74},[60,146972,79],{"class":78},[60,146974,133861],{"class":82},[60,146976,79],{"class":78},[60,146978,88],{"class":74},[60,146980,91],{"class":78},[60,146982,11640],{"class":82},[60,146984,79],{"class":78},[60,146986,88],{"class":74},[60,146988,91],{"class":78},[60,146990,63174],{"class":82},[60,146992,79],{"class":78},[60,146994,88],{"class":74},[60,146996,91],{"class":78},[60,146998,60325],{"class":82},[60,147000,79],{"class":78},[60,147002,88],{"class":74},[60,147004,91],{"class":78},[60,147006,60360],{"class":82},[60,147008,79],{"class":78},[60,147010,88],{"class":74},[60,147012,91],{"class":78},[60,147014,75918],{"class":82},[60,147016,79],{"class":78},[60,147018,1525],{"class":74},[60,147020,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147022,140],{"class":139},[60,147024,124],{"class":74},[60,147026,145860],{"class":139},[60,147028,124],{"class":74},[60,147030,1446],{"class":120},[60,147032,1691],{"class":74},[20,147034,243,147035,60419],{},[15,147036,133185],{},[51,147038,147040],{"className":53,"code":147039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147041,147042,147098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147043,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147045,1411],{"class":66},[60,147047,71],{"class":70},[60,147049,1512],{"class":74},[60,147051,79],{"class":78},[60,147053,133861],{"class":82},[60,147055,79],{"class":78},[60,147057,88],{"class":74},[60,147059,91],{"class":78},[60,147061,11640],{"class":82},[60,147063,79],{"class":78},[60,147065,88],{"class":74},[60,147067,91],{"class":78},[60,147069,63174],{"class":82},[60,147071,79],{"class":78},[60,147073,88],{"class":74},[60,147075,91],{"class":78},[60,147077,60325],{"class":82},[60,147079,79],{"class":78},[60,147081,88],{"class":74},[60,147083,91],{"class":78},[60,147085,60360],{"class":82},[60,147087,79],{"class":78},[60,147089,88],{"class":74},[60,147091,91],{"class":78},[60,147093,75918],{"class":82},[60,147095,79],{"class":78},[60,147097,1525],{"class":74},[60,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147101,140],{"class":139},[60,147103,124],{"class":74},[60,147105,6184],{"class":78},[60,147107,117],{"class":74},[60,147109,133262],{"class":120},[60,147111,124],{"class":74},[60,147113,1446],{"class":120},[60,147115,1691],{"class":74},[20,147117,404],{},[51,147119,147120],{"className":53,"code":133942,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147121,147122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147123,147124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147125,133942],{"class":66},[20,147127,147128,147129,117],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[30,147130,147131],{"href":135023},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[46,147133,147135,147137],{"id":147134},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147136,145737],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147139,147140,147142],{},[15,147141,145737],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[337,147144,8331,147146],{"id":147145},"using-sum",[15,147147,145737],{},[51,147149,147151],{"className":53,"code":147150,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147152,147153,147173,147187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147154,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147156,350],{"class":66},[60,147158,71],{"class":70},[60,147160,1512],{"class":74},[60,147162,2421],{"class":357},[60,147164,88],{"class":74},[60,147166,5905],{"class":357},[60,147168,88],{"class":74},[60,147170,54022],{"class":357},[60,147172,1525],{"class":74},[60,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147176,41067],{"class":66},[60,147178,71],{"class":70},[60,147180,145790],{"class":139},[60,147182,124],{"class":74},[60,147184,380],{"class":120},[60,147186,133],{"class":74},[60,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147190,140],{"class":139},[60,147192,124],{"class":74},[60,147194,41096],{"class":120},[60,147196,133],{"class":74},[337,147198,147200],{"id":147199},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[51,147202,147204],{"className":53,"code":147203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147205,147206,147226,147234,147238,147250,147258,147262],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147207,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147209,350],{"class":66},[60,147211,71],{"class":70},[60,147213,1512],{"class":74},[60,147215,2421],{"class":357},[60,147217,88],{"class":74},[60,147219,5905],{"class":357},[60,147221,88],{"class":74},[60,147223,54022],{"class":357},[60,147225,1525],{"class":74},[60,147227,147228,147230,147232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147229,41067],{"class":66},[60,147231,71],{"class":70},[60,147233,38397],{"class":357},[60,147235,147236],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147237,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,147239,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,147241,5869],{"class":1153},[60,147243,6298],{"class":66},[60,147245,1703],{"class":1153},[60,147247,1294],{"class":66},[60,147249,1168],{"class":74},[60,147251,147252,147254,147256],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,147253,89995],{"class":66},[60,147255,89998],{"class":70},[60,147257,90001],{"class":66},[60,147259,147260],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,147261,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,147263,147264,147266,147268,147270],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,147265,140],{"class":139},[60,147267,124],{"class":74},[60,147269,41096],{"class":120},[60,147271,133],{"class":74},[20,147273,147274],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147276,2405,147277,147279],{},[15,147278,145737],{}," is often better:",[260,147281,147282,147285,147288],{},[263,147283,147284],{},"Shorter code",[263,147286,147287],{},"Easier to read",[263,147289,147290],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147292,147293],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[260,147295,147296,147299,147302],{},[263,147297,147298],{},"You need to skip some values",[263,147300,147301],{},"You need extra checks",[263,147303,147304],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147306,147307,147308,147311,147312,147314],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[30,147309,147310],{"href":39893},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147313,145737],{}," on the filtered result.",[46,147316,1245],{"id":1244},[20,147318,147319,147320,258],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147321,145737],{},[260,147323,147324,147330,147337,147344],{},[263,147325,147326,147327],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147328,147329],{},"sum(5)",[263,147331,147332,147333,147336],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147334,147335],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[263,147338,8331,147339,147341,147342],{},[15,147340,145737],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147343,133185],{},[263,147345,147346],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147348,1656,147349,147351],{},[15,147350,145737],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[51,147353,147355],{"className":53,"code":147354,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147356,147357,147367,147381,147405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147358,147359,147361,147363,147365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147360,140],{"class":139},[60,147362,124],{"class":74},[60,147364,5268],{"class":120},[60,147366,133],{"class":74},[60,147368,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147370,140],{"class":139},[60,147372,124],{"class":74},[60,147374,1684],{"class":1683},[60,147376,124],{"class":74},[60,147378,5268],{"class":120},[60,147380,1691],{"class":74},[60,147382,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147384,140],{"class":139},[60,147386,1641],{"class":74},[60,147388,1684],{"class":1683},[60,147390,124],{"class":74},[60,147392,2093],{"class":120},[60,147394,174],{"class":74},[60,147396,3790],{"class":1153},[60,147398,3793],{"class":120},[60,147400,1703],{"class":1153},[60,147402,3798],{"class":120},[60,147404,1646],{"class":74},[60,147406,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,147408,140],{"class":139},[60,147410,124],{"class":74},[60,147412,145860],{"class":139},[60,147414,1641],{"class":74},[60,147416,2108],{"class":1683},[60,147418,124],{"class":74},[60,147420,2093],{"class":120},[60,147422,174],{"class":74},[60,147424,3790],{"class":1153},[60,147426,3793],{"class":120},[60,147428,1703],{"class":1153},[60,147430,3798],{"class":120},[60,147432,2913],{"class":74},[20,147434,135756],{},[260,147436,147437,147443,147449,147454],{},[263,147438,147439,147442],{},[15,147440,147441],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[263,147444,147445,147448],{},[15,147446,147447],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[263,147450,147451,135778],{},[15,147452,147453],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[263,147455,147456,147459],{},[15,147457,147458],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[46,147461,1746],{"id":1745},[337,147463,1760,147465,5055],{"id":147464},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147466,145737],{},[20,147468,147469],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[337,147471,5079,147473,147475],{"id":147472},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147474,145737],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147477,30155,147478,288,147481,147484],{},[15,147479,147480],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147482,147483],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[337,147486,5079,147488,147490],{"id":147487},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147489,145737],{}," work with floats?",[20,147492,147493],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[337,147495,147497,147498,1779],{"id":147496},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147499,145737],{},[20,147501,147502,147503,147505],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147504,35959],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[337,147507,5067,147509,119141,147511,1779],{"id":147508},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147510,145737],{},[15,147512,2919],{},[20,147514,147515],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[46,147517,1808],{"id":1807},[260,147519,147520,147524,147530,147536,147542,147546,147550],{},[263,147521,147522],{},[30,147523,146220],{"href":2338},[263,147525,147526],{},[30,147527,3491,147528,3424],{"href":36080},[15,147529,36083],{},[263,147531,147532],{},[30,147533,3491,147534,3424],{"href":42242},[15,147535,42245],{},[263,147537,147538],{},[30,147539,3491,147540,3424],{"href":42059},[15,147541,47568],{},[263,147543,147544],{},[30,147545,5130],{"href":39893},[263,147547,147548],{},[30,147549,3441],{"href":2877},[263,147551,147552],{},[30,147553,147131],{"href":135023},[1841,147555,147556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":147558},[147559,147560,147562,147563,147564,147566,147574,147580,147587,147593,147594,147606],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":145816,"depth":111,"text":147561},"What sum() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":145994,"depth":111,"text":147565},"Using the start value",{"id":146096,"depth":111,"text":147567,"children":147568},"What sum() can work with",[147569,147570,147571,147573],{"id":40308,"depth":136,"text":40309},{"id":51932,"depth":136,"text":146162},{"id":146223,"depth":136,"text":147572},"Values from range()",{"id":146271,"depth":136,"text":146272},{"id":146345,"depth":111,"text":147575,"children":147576},"What sum() does not work with",[147577,147578,147579],{"id":146356,"depth":136,"text":146357},{"id":146473,"depth":136,"text":146474},{"id":146531,"depth":136,"text":146532},{"id":41388,"depth":111,"text":41389,"children":147581},[147582,147583,147584,147585],{"id":6434,"depth":136,"text":6435},{"id":146667,"depth":136,"text":146668},{"id":146815,"depth":136,"text":146816},{"id":146952,"depth":136,"text":147586},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147134,"depth":111,"text":147588,"children":147589},"sum() vs manual loop",[147590,147592],{"id":147145,"depth":136,"text":147591},"Using sum()",{"id":147199,"depth":136,"text":147200},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":147595},[147596,147598,147600,147602,147604],{"id":147464,"depth":136,"text":147597},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147472,"depth":136,"text":147599},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147487,"depth":136,"text":147601},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147496,"depth":136,"text":147603},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147508,"depth":136,"text":147605},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145729,"description":147607},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147614,"title":147615,"body":147616,"description":149018,"extension":1883,"meta":149019,"navigation":152,"path":149020,"seo":149021,"stem":149022,"__hash__":149023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147617,"toc":148986},[147618,147624,147630,147633,147696,147702,147707,147711,147728,147742,147746,147766,147780,147782,147875,147877,147891,147893,147896,147985,147987,147995,148004,148006,148010,148031,148033,148125,148127,148148,148150,148154,148168,148170,148244,148246,148265,148269,148272,148295,148297,148408,148415,148423,148425,148431,148434,148477,148480,148503,148511,148515,148590,148596,148621,148628,148631,148634,148638,148643,148731,148739,148743,148746,148771,148775,148836,148840,148889,148899,148901,148906,148909,148915,148918,148922,148926,148932,148935,148943,148951,148953,148983],[10,147619,147621,147622,18],{"id":147620},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147623,57176],{},[20,147625,147626,147629],{},[15,147627,147628],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147631,147632],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[51,147634,147636],{"className":53,"code":147635,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147637,147638,147666,147684],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147641,350],{"class":66},[60,147643,71],{"class":70},[60,147645,9144],{"class":74},[60,147647,358],{"class":357},[60,147649,88],{"class":74},[60,147651,363],{"class":357},[60,147653,88],{"class":74},[60,147655,363],{"class":357},[60,147657,88],{"class":74},[60,147659,368],{"class":357},[60,147661,88],{"class":74},[60,147663,363],{"class":357},[60,147665,133],{"class":74},[60,147667,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147669,688],{"class":66},[60,147671,71],{"class":70},[60,147673,1294],{"class":66},[60,147675,117],{"class":74},[60,147677,41144],{"class":120},[60,147679,124],{"class":74},[60,147681,1303],{"class":357},[60,147683,133],{"class":74},[60,147685,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147687,140],{"class":139},[60,147689,124],{"class":74},[60,147691,720],{"class":120},[60,147693,174],{"class":74},[60,147695,50656],{"class":177},[20,147697,243,147698,147701],{},[15,147699,147700],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[46,147703,250,147705,253],{"id":147704},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147706,147628],{},[20,147708,147709,258],{},[15,147710,147700],{},[260,147712,147713,147719,147722,147725],{},[263,147714,147715,147716,147718],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147717,315],{}," appears in the tuple",[263,147720,147721],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[263,147723,147724],{},"Returns an integer",[263,147726,147727],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147729,147730,147731,147733,147734,288,147738,117],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147732,57176],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,147735,147737],{"href":147736},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[30,147739,147741],{"href":147740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[46,147743,147745],{"id":147744},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[51,147747,147749],{"className":53,"code":147748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147750,147751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147752,147753,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147754,147755],{"class":66},"my_tuple",[60,147757,117],{"class":74},[60,147759,41144],{"class":120},[60,147761,124],{"class":74},[60,147763,315],{"class":120},[60,147765,133],{"class":74},[260,147767,147768,147772,147775],{},[263,147769,147770,57341],{},[15,147771,315],{},[263,147773,147774],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[263,147776,147777,147778],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147779,2039],{},[337,147781,340],{"id":339},[51,147783,147785],{"className":53,"code":147784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147786,147787,147827,147851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147788,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147790,67],{"class":66},[60,147792,71],{"class":70},[60,147794,9144],{"class":74},[60,147796,79],{"class":78},[60,147798,83],{"class":82},[60,147800,79],{"class":78},[60,147802,88],{"class":74},[60,147804,91],{"class":78},[60,147806,94],{"class":82},[60,147808,79],{"class":78},[60,147810,88],{"class":74},[60,147812,91],{"class":78},[60,147814,83],{"class":82},[60,147816,79],{"class":78},[60,147818,88],{"class":74},[60,147820,91],{"class":78},[60,147822,103],{"class":82},[60,147824,79],{"class":78},[60,147826,133],{"class":74},[60,147828,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147830,140],{"class":139},[60,147832,124],{"class":74},[60,147834,114],{"class":120},[60,147836,117],{"class":74},[60,147838,41144],{"class":120},[60,147840,124],{"class":74},[60,147842,79],{"class":78},[60,147844,83],{"class":82},[60,147846,79],{"class":78},[60,147848,5271],{"class":74},[60,147850,57531],{"class":177},[60,147852,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147854,140],{"class":139},[60,147856,124],{"class":74},[60,147858,114],{"class":120},[60,147860,117],{"class":74},[60,147862,41144],{"class":120},[60,147864,124],{"class":74},[60,147866,79],{"class":78},[60,147868,169],{"class":82},[60,147870,79],{"class":78},[60,147872,5271],{"class":74},[60,147874,51133],{"class":177},[20,147876,19846],{},[260,147878,147879,147884],{},[263,147880,147881,147883],{},[15,147882,65280],{}," appears 2 times",[263,147885,147886,147888,147889],{},[15,147887,109552],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147890,2039],{},[46,147892,839],{"id":838},[20,147894,147895],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[51,147897,147899],{"className":53,"code":147898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147900,147901,147949,147953,147975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147902,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147904,852],{"class":66},[60,147906,71],{"class":70},[60,147908,9144],{"class":74},[60,147910,79],{"class":78},[60,147912,495],{"class":82},[60,147914,79],{"class":78},[60,147916,88],{"class":74},[60,147918,91],{"class":78},[60,147920,504],{"class":82},[60,147922,79],{"class":78},[60,147924,88],{"class":74},[60,147926,91],{"class":78},[60,147928,495],{"class":82},[60,147930,79],{"class":78},[60,147932,88],{"class":74},[60,147934,91],{"class":78},[60,147936,528],{"class":82},[60,147938,79],{"class":78},[60,147940,88],{"class":74},[60,147942,91],{"class":78},[60,147944,495],{"class":82},[60,147946,79],{"class":78},[60,147948,133],{"class":74},[60,147950,147951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147952,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,147954,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,147956,688],{"class":66},[60,147958,71],{"class":70},[60,147960,902],{"class":66},[60,147962,117],{"class":74},[60,147964,41144],{"class":120},[60,147966,124],{"class":74},[60,147968,79],{"class":78},[60,147970,495],{"class":82},[60,147972,79],{"class":78},[60,147974,133],{"class":74},[60,147976,147977,147979,147981,147983],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,147978,140],{"class":139},[60,147980,124],{"class":74},[60,147982,720],{"class":120},[60,147984,133],{"class":74},[20,147986,404],{},[51,147988,147989],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147990,147991],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147992,147993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147994,46501],{"class":357},[20,147996,147997,147999,148000,641,148002,117],{},[15,147998,57719],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148001,57176],{},[15,148003,389],{},[46,148005,37904],{"id":37903},[20,148007,57430,148008,128491],{},[15,148009,57176],{},[260,148011,148012,148017,148022,148025],{},[263,148013,274,148014,148016],{},[15,148015,2039],{}," when the value does not exist",[263,148018,274,148019,148021],{},[15,148020,358],{}," when the value appears once",[263,148023,148024],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[263,148026,148027,148028,148030],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148029,1154],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148032,2127],{},[51,148034,148036],{"className":53,"code":148035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148037,148038,148079,148083,148110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148039,148040,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148041,148042],{"class":66},"answers ",[60,148044,71],{"class":70},[60,148046,9144],{"class":74},[60,148048,79],{"class":78},[60,148050,8570],{"class":82},[60,148052,79],{"class":78},[60,148054,88],{"class":74},[60,148056,91],{"class":78},[60,148058,8510],{"class":82},[60,148060,79],{"class":78},[60,148062,88],{"class":74},[60,148064,91],{"class":78},[60,148066,8570],{"class":82},[60,148068,79],{"class":78},[60,148070,88],{"class":74},[60,148072,91],{"class":78},[60,148074,8570],{"class":82},[60,148076,79],{"class":78},[60,148078,133],{"class":74},[60,148080,148081],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148082,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,148084,148085,148087,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148086,1154],{"class":1153},[60,148088,148089],{"class":66}," answers",[60,148091,117],{"class":74},[60,148093,41144],{"class":120},[60,148095,124],{"class":74},[60,148097,79],{"class":78},[60,148099,8570],{"class":82},[60,148101,79],{"class":78},[60,148103,174],{"class":74},[60,148105,38280],{"class":70},[60,148107,5408],{"class":357},[60,148109,1168],{"class":74},[60,148111,148112,148114,148116,148118,148121,148123],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,148113,7981],{"class":139},[60,148115,124],{"class":74},[60,148117,79],{"class":78},[60,148119,148120],{"class":82},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[60,148122,79],{"class":78},[60,148124,133],{"class":74},[20,148126,404],{},[51,148128,148130],{"className":53,"code":148129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148131,148132],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148133,148134,148137,148139,148141,148143,148146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148135,148136],{"class":66},"The answer ",[60,148138,205],{"class":78},[60,148140,8570],{"class":82},[60,148142,205],{"class":78},[60,148144,148145],{"class":66}," appears more than once",[60,148147,122135],{"class":74},[46,148149,40930],{"id":40929},[20,148151,35291,148152,104319],{},[15,148153,147628],{},[260,148155,148156,148159,148162,148165],{},[263,148157,148158],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[263,148160,148161],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[263,148163,148164],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[263,148166,148167],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148169,2127],{},[51,148171,148173],{"className":53,"code":148172,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148174,148175,148203,148207,148229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148176,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148178,4974],{"class":66},[60,148180,71],{"class":70},[60,148182,9144],{"class":74},[60,148184,2250],{"class":357},[60,148186,88],{"class":74},[60,148188,7702],{"class":357},[60,148190,88],{"class":74},[60,148192,5916],{"class":357},[60,148194,88],{"class":74},[60,148196,7707],{"class":357},[60,148198,88],{"class":74},[60,148200,5916],{"class":357},[60,148202,133],{"class":74},[60,148204,148205],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148206,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,148208,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148210,1154],{"class":1153},[60,148212,5021],{"class":66},[60,148214,117],{"class":74},[60,148216,41144],{"class":120},[60,148218,124],{"class":74},[60,148220,2250],{"class":357},[60,148222,174],{"class":74},[60,148224,51174],{"class":70},[60,148226,363],{"class":357},[60,148228,1168],{"class":74},[60,148230,148231,148233,148235,148237,148240,148242],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,148232,7981],{"class":139},[60,148234,124],{"class":74},[60,148236,79],{"class":78},[60,148238,148239],{"class":82},"The score 10 is repeated.",[60,148241,79],{"class":78},[60,148243,133],{"class":74},[20,148245,404],{},[51,148247,148249],{"className":53,"code":148248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148250,148251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148252,148253,148256,148258,148260,148263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148254,148255],{"class":66},"The score ",[60,148257,2250],{"class":357},[60,148259,8009],{"class":70},[60,148261,148262],{"class":66}," repeated",[60,148264,122135],{"class":74},[46,148266,148268],{"id":148267},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148270,148271],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[260,148273,148274,148280,148285,148288],{},[263,148275,148276,148277,148279],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148278,57176],{}," still works because it only reads data",[263,148281,148282,148284],{},[15,148283,57176],{}," counts exact matches",[263,148286,148287],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[263,148289,148290,1776,148292,148294],{},[15,148291,358],{},[15,148293,42042],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148296,2127],{},[51,148298,148300],{"className":53,"code":148299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148301,148302,148336,148340,148360,148384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148303,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148317,148319,148321,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148305,3736],{"class":66},[60,148307,71],{"class":70},[60,148309,9144],{"class":74},[60,148311,358],{"class":357},[60,148313,88],{"class":74},[60,148315,148316],{"class":357}," 1.0",[60,148318,88],{"class":74},[60,148320,91],{"class":78},[60,148322,148323],{"class":82},"Cat",[60,148325,79],{"class":78},[60,148327,88],{"class":74},[60,148329,91],{"class":78},[60,148331,36931],{"class":82},[60,148333,79],{"class":78},[60,148335,133],{"class":74},[60,148337,148338],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148339,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,148341,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148343,140],{"class":139},[60,148345,124],{"class":74},[60,148347,5268],{"class":120},[60,148349,117],{"class":74},[60,148351,41144],{"class":120},[60,148353,124],{"class":74},[60,148355,358],{"class":357},[60,148357,5271],{"class":74},[60,148359,50980],{"class":177},[60,148361,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,148363,140],{"class":139},[60,148365,124],{"class":74},[60,148367,5268],{"class":120},[60,148369,117],{"class":74},[60,148371,41144],{"class":120},[60,148373,124],{"class":74},[60,148375,79],{"class":78},[60,148377,148323],{"class":82},[60,148379,79],{"class":78},[60,148381,5271],{"class":74},[60,148383,27665],{"class":177},[60,148385,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,148387,140],{"class":139},[60,148389,124],{"class":74},[60,148391,5268],{"class":120},[60,148393,117],{"class":74},[60,148395,41144],{"class":120},[60,148397,124],{"class":74},[60,148399,79],{"class":78},[60,148401,36931],{"class":82},[60,148403,79],{"class":78},[60,148405,5271],{"class":74},[60,148407,27665],{"class":177},[20,148409,5067,148410,5070,148413,1779],{},[15,148411,148412],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148414,1303],{},[20,148416,8697,148417,4694,148420,148422],{},[15,148418,148419],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148421,3520],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[46,148424,1245],{"id":1244},[337,148426,8331,148428,148430],{"id":148427},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148429,41144],{}," without parentheses",[20,148432,148433],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[51,148435,148437],{"className":53,"code":148436,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148438,148439,148463],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148440,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148442,350],{"class":66},[60,148444,71],{"class":70},[60,148446,9144],{"class":74},[60,148448,358],{"class":357},[60,148450,88],{"class":74},[60,148452,363],{"class":357},[60,148454,88],{"class":74},[60,148456,363],{"class":357},[60,148458,88],{"class":74},[60,148460,368],{"class":357},[60,148462,133],{"class":74},[60,148464,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473,148475],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148466,140],{"class":139},[60,148468,124],{"class":74},[60,148470,380],{"class":120},[60,148472,117],{"class":74},[60,148474,41144],{"class":1723},[60,148476,133],{"class":74},[20,148478,148479],{},"To call the method correctly:",[51,148481,148483],{"className":53,"code":148482,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148486,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148488,140],{"class":139},[60,148490,124],{"class":74},[60,148492,380],{"class":120},[60,148494,117],{"class":74},[60,148496,41144],{"class":120},[60,148498,124],{"class":74},[60,148500,1303],{"class":357},[60,148502,1691],{"class":74},[337,148504,1254,148505,8368,148507,288,148509],{"id":58479},[15,148506,57176],{},[15,148508,3520],{},[15,148510,3588],{},[20,148512,148513,58490],{},[15,148514,57176],{},[51,148516,148518],{"className":53,"code":148517,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148519,148520,148552,148574,148578],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148521,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148523,1411],{"class":66},[60,148525,71],{"class":70},[60,148527,9144],{"class":74},[60,148529,79],{"class":78},[60,148531,30],{"class":82},[60,148533,79],{"class":78},[60,148535,88],{"class":74},[60,148537,91],{"class":78},[60,148539,1428],{"class":82},[60,148541,79],{"class":78},[60,148543,88],{"class":74},[60,148545,91],{"class":78},[60,148547,30],{"class":82},[60,148549,79],{"class":78},[60,148551,133],{"class":74},[60,148553,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148555,688],{"class":66},[60,148557,71],{"class":70},[60,148559,69984],{"class":66},[60,148561,117],{"class":74},[60,148563,41144],{"class":120},[60,148565,124],{"class":74},[60,148567,79],{"class":78},[60,148569,30],{"class":82},[60,148571,79],{"class":78},[60,148573,133],{"class":74},[60,148575,148576],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148577,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,148579,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,148581,140],{"class":139},[60,148583,124],{"class":74},[60,148585,720],{"class":120},[60,148587,174],{"class":74},[60,148589,51301],{"class":177},[20,148591,148592,148593,148595],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148594,1703],{}," is often simpler:",[51,148597,148599],{"className":53,"code":148598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148600,148601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148602,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148604,140],{"class":139},[60,148606,124],{"class":74},[60,148608,79],{"class":78},[60,148610,30],{"class":82},[60,148612,79],{"class":78},[60,148614,1163],{"class":1153},[60,148616,69984],{"class":120},[60,148618,174],{"class":74},[60,148620,3578],{"class":177},[337,148622,1391,148624,1394,148626],{"id":148623},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148625,147628],{},[15,148627,57181],{},[20,148629,148630],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148632,148633],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[337,148635,148637],{"id":148636},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148639,148640,148642],{},[15,148641,57176],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[51,148644,148646],{"className":53,"code":148645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148647,148648,148681,148707],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148649,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148651,3983],{"class":66},[60,148653,71],{"class":70},[60,148655,9144],{"class":74},[60,148657,79],{"class":78},[60,148659,495],{"class":82},[60,148661,79],{"class":78},[60,148663,88],{"class":74},[60,148665,91],{"class":78},[60,148667,148668],{"class":82},"pineapple",[60,148670,79],{"class":78},[60,148672,88],{"class":74},[60,148674,91],{"class":78},[60,148676,495],{"class":82},[60,148678,79],{"class":78},[60,148680,133],{"class":74},[60,148682,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148700,148702,148704],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148684,140],{"class":139},[60,148686,124],{"class":74},[60,148688,4025],{"class":120},[60,148690,117],{"class":74},[60,148692,41144],{"class":120},[60,148694,124],{"class":74},[60,148696,79],{"class":78},[60,148698,148699],{"class":82},"app",[60,148701,79],{"class":78},[60,148703,5271],{"class":74},[60,148705,148706],{"class":177},"    # 0\n",[60,148708,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148710,140],{"class":139},[60,148712,124],{"class":74},[60,148714,4025],{"class":120},[60,148716,117],{"class":74},[60,148718,41144],{"class":120},[60,148720,124],{"class":74},[60,148722,79],{"class":78},[60,148724,495],{"class":82},[60,148726,79],{"class":78},[60,148728,5271],{"class":74},[60,148730,51301],{"class":177},[20,148732,148733,148736,148737,117],{},[15,148734,148735],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148738,2039],{},[46,148740,148742],{"id":148741},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148744,148745],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[260,148747,148748,148753,148762,148768],{},[263,148749,243,148750,148752],{},[15,148751,1703],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[263,148754,243,148755,148761],{},[30,148756,148758,148759],{"href":148757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148760,58854],{}," to find the position of a value",[263,148763,243,148764,148767],{},[15,148765,148766],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[263,148769,148770],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148772,45925,148773,258],{},[15,148774,1703],{},[51,148776,148778],{"className":53,"code":148777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148779,148780,148800,148804,148820],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148781,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148783,350],{"class":66},[60,148785,71],{"class":70},[60,148787,9144],{"class":74},[60,148789,2421],{"class":357},[60,148791,88],{"class":74},[60,148793,5905],{"class":357},[60,148795,88],{"class":74},[60,148797,54022],{"class":357},[60,148799,133],{"class":74},[60,148801,148802],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148803,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,148805,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814,148816,148818],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,148807,140],{"class":139},[60,148809,124],{"class":74},[60,148811,1945],{"class":357},[60,148813,1163],{"class":1153},[60,148815,1294],{"class":120},[60,148817,174],{"class":74},[60,148819,43740],{"class":177},[60,148821,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,148823,140],{"class":139},[60,148825,124],{"class":74},[60,148827,2056],{"class":357},[60,148829,1163],{"class":1153},[60,148831,1294],{"class":120},[60,148833,174],{"class":74},[60,148835,43757],{"class":177},[20,148837,45925,148838,258],{},[15,148839,58854],{},[51,148841,148843],{"className":53,"code":148842,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148844,148845,148869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148846,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148848,350],{"class":66},[60,148850,71],{"class":70},[60,148852,9144],{"class":74},[60,148854,2421],{"class":357},[60,148856,88],{"class":74},[60,148858,5905],{"class":357},[60,148860,88],{"class":74},[60,148862,54022],{"class":357},[60,148864,88],{"class":74},[60,148866,5905],{"class":357},[60,148868,133],{"class":74},[60,148870,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148872,140],{"class":139},[60,148874,124],{"class":74},[60,148876,380],{"class":120},[60,148878,117],{"class":74},[60,148880,35732],{"class":120},[60,148882,124],{"class":74},[60,148884,1945],{"class":357},[60,148886,5271],{"class":74},[60,148888,27665],{"class":177},[20,148890,148891,148893,148894,148896,148898],{},[15,148892,57176],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9752,148895],{},[15,148897,58854],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[46,148900,1746],{"id":1745},[337,148902,1760,148904,5055],{"id":148903},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148905,147628],{},[20,148907,148908],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[337,148910,12599,148912,148914],{"id":148911},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148913,147628],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148916,148917],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[337,148919,148921],{"id":148920},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148923,11805,148924,117],{},[15,148925,2039],{},[337,148927,5079,148929,148931],{"id":148928},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148930,147628],{}," count strings?",[20,148933,148934],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[337,148936,1773,148938,1776,148940,1779],{"id":148937},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148939,147628],{},[15,148941,148942],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148944,148945,148947,148948,148950],{},[15,148946,57176],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148949,58854],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[46,148952,1808],{"id":1807},[260,148954,148955,148959,148964,148971,148979],{},[263,148956,148957],{},[30,148958,147737],{"href":147736},[263,148960,148961],{},[30,148962,148963],{"href":147740},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[263,148965,148966],{},[30,148967,148968,148969,1818],{"href":148757},"Python tuple ",[15,148970,58854],{},[263,148972,148973],{},[30,148974,148976,148977],{"href":148975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148978,42245],{},[263,148980,148981],{},[30,148982,58842],{"href":58841},[1841,148984,148985],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":148987},[148988,148990,148993,148994,148995,148996,148997,149005,149006,149017],{"id":147704,"depth":111,"text":148989},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147744,"depth":111,"text":147745,"children":148991},[148992],{"id":339,"depth":136,"text":340},{"id":838,"depth":111,"text":839},{"id":37903,"depth":111,"text":37904},{"id":40929,"depth":111,"text":40930},{"id":148267,"depth":111,"text":148268},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":148998},[148999,149001,149002,149004],{"id":148427,"depth":136,"text":149000},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58479,"depth":136,"text":58895},{"id":148623,"depth":136,"text":149003},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148636,"depth":136,"text":148637},{"id":148741,"depth":111,"text":148742},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":149007},[149008,149010,149012,149013,149015],{"id":148903,"depth":136,"text":149009},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148911,"depth":136,"text":149011},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148920,"depth":136,"text":148921},{"id":148928,"depth":136,"text":149014},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148937,"depth":136,"text":149016},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147615,"description":149018},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149025,"title":149026,"body":149027,"description":150714,"extension":1883,"meta":150715,"navigation":152,"path":150716,"seo":150717,"stem":150718,"__hash__":150719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149028,"toc":150677},[149029,149032,149035,149044,149046,149176,149178,149239,149245,149247,149267,149271,149274,149277,149312,149314,149335,149338,149377,149379,149404,149411,149415,149418,149455,149457,149480,149483,149486,149498,149504,149508,149511,149517,149558,149560,149583,149586,149627,149629,149656,149658,149675,149677,149694,149697,149701,149704,149706,149740,149742,149789,149793,149832,149836,149839,149896,149898,149939,149945,149951,149956,149958,149995,149997,150017,150019,150052,150054,150087,150090,150094,150127,150129,150154,150157,150159,150173,150180,150182,150185,150189,150192,150227,150230,150265,150269,150272,150311,150314,150353,150357,150359,150389,150392,150399,150401,150433,150436,150468,150471,150502,150504,150521,150525,150528,150592,150594,150598,150605,150609,150612,150616,150619,150623,150626,150631,150637,150639,150674],[10,149030,149026],{"id":149031},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149033,149034],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149036,149037,149038,288,149042,117],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[30,149039,149041],{"href":149040},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[30,149043,147737],{"href":147736},[46,149045,49],{"id":48},[51,149047,149049],{"className":53,"code":149048,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149050,149051,149071,149080,149094,149130,149134,149144,149154,149165],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149052,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149054,350],{"class":66},[60,149056,71],{"class":70},[60,149058,9144],{"class":74},[60,149060,358],{"class":357},[60,149062,88],{"class":74},[60,149064,363],{"class":357},[60,149066,88],{"class":74},[60,149068,368],{"class":357},[60,149070,133],{"class":74},[60,149072,149073,149075,149077],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149074,124601],{"class":66},[60,149076,71],{"class":70},[60,149078,149079],{"class":74}," ()\n",[60,149081,149082,149085,149087,149089,149091],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,149083,149084],{"class":66},"one_item ",[60,149086,71],{"class":70},[60,149088,9144],{"class":74},[60,149090,2056],{"class":357},[60,149092,149093],{"class":74},",)\n",[60,149095,149096,149099,149101,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,149097,149098],{"class":66},"from_list ",[60,149100,71],{"class":70},[60,149102,149103],{"class":1683}," tuple",[60,149105,1641],{"class":74},[60,149107,79],{"class":78},[60,149109,30],{"class":82},[60,149111,79],{"class":78},[60,149113,88],{"class":74},[60,149115,91],{"class":78},[60,149117,1428],{"class":82},[60,149119,79],{"class":78},[60,149121,88],{"class":74},[60,149123,91],{"class":78},[60,149125,1437],{"class":82},[60,149127,79],{"class":78},[60,149129,1646],{"class":74},[60,149131,149132],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,149133,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,149135,149136,149138,149140,149142],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,149137,140],{"class":139},[60,149139,124],{"class":74},[60,149141,380],{"class":120},[60,149143,133],{"class":74},[60,149145,149146,149148,149150,149152],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,149147,140],{"class":139},[60,149149,124],{"class":74},[60,149151,124652],{"class":120},[60,149153,133],{"class":74},[60,149155,149156,149158,149160,149163],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,149157,140],{"class":139},[60,149159,124],{"class":74},[60,149161,149162],{"class":120},"one_item",[60,149164,133],{"class":74},[60,149166,149167,149169,149171,149174],{"class":62,"line":6342},[60,149168,140],{"class":139},[60,149170,124],{"class":74},[60,149172,149173],{"class":120},"from_list",[60,149175,133],{"class":74},[20,149177,404],{},[51,149179,149181],{"className":53,"code":149180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149182,149183,149199,149203,149211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149184,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149186,124],{"class":74},[60,149188,358],{"class":357},[60,149190,88],{"class":74},[60,149192,363],{"class":357},[60,149194,88],{"class":74},[60,149196,368],{"class":357},[60,149198,133],{"class":74},[60,149200,149201],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149202,8555],{"class":74},[60,149204,149205,149207,149209],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,149206,124],{"class":74},[60,149208,2056],{"class":357},[60,149210,149093],{"class":74},[60,149212,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,149214,124],{"class":74},[60,149216,205],{"class":78},[60,149218,30],{"class":82},[60,149220,205],{"class":78},[60,149222,88],{"class":74},[60,149224,214],{"class":78},[60,149226,1428],{"class":82},[60,149228,205],{"class":78},[60,149230,88],{"class":74},[60,149232,214],{"class":78},[60,149234,1437],{"class":82},[60,149236,205],{"class":78},[60,149238,133],{"class":74},[20,149240,149241,149242,117],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149243,149244],{},"(5,)",[46,149246,15054],{"id":15053},[260,149248,149249,149252,149255,149258,149261,149264],{},[263,149250,149251],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[263,149253,149254],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[263,149256,149257],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[263,149259,149260],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[263,149262,149263],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[263,149265,149266],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[46,149268,149270],{"id":149269},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149272,149273],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149275,149276],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[51,149278,149280],{"className":53,"code":149279,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149281,149282,149302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149285,350],{"class":66},[60,149287,71],{"class":70},[60,149289,9144],{"class":74},[60,149291,358],{"class":357},[60,149293,88],{"class":74},[60,149295,363],{"class":357},[60,149297,88],{"class":74},[60,149299,368],{"class":357},[60,149301,133],{"class":74},[60,149303,149304,149306,149308,149310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149305,140],{"class":139},[60,149307,124],{"class":74},[60,149309,380],{"class":120},[60,149311,133],{"class":74},[20,149313,404],{},[51,149315,149317],{"className":53,"code":149316,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149318,149319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149320,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149322,124],{"class":74},[60,149324,358],{"class":357},[60,149326,88],{"class":74},[60,149328,363],{"class":357},[60,149330,88],{"class":74},[60,149332,368],{"class":357},[60,149334,133],{"class":74},[20,149336,149337],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[51,149339,149341],{"className":53,"code":149340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149342,149343,149367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149344,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149346,1613],{"class":66},[60,149348,71],{"class":70},[60,149350,9144],{"class":74},[60,149352,358],{"class":357},[60,149354,88],{"class":74},[60,149356,91],{"class":78},[60,149358,495],{"class":82},[60,149360,79],{"class":78},[60,149362,88],{"class":74},[60,149364,3828],{"class":734},[60,149366,133],{"class":74},[60,149368,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149370,140],{"class":139},[60,149372,124],{"class":74},[60,149374,1634],{"class":120},[60,149376,133],{"class":74},[20,149378,404],{},[51,149380,149382],{"className":53,"code":149381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149383,149384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149385,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149387,124],{"class":74},[60,149389,358],{"class":357},[60,149391,88],{"class":74},[60,149393,214],{"class":78},[60,149395,495],{"class":82},[60,149397,205],{"class":78},[60,149399,88],{"class":74},[60,149401,3828],{"class":734},[60,149403,133],{"class":74},[20,149405,149406,149407,117],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[30,149408,149410],{"href":149409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[46,149412,149414],{"id":149413},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149416,149417],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[51,149419,149421],{"className":53,"code":149420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149422,149423,149431,149441],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149424,149425,149427,149429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149426,124601],{"class":66},[60,149428,71],{"class":70},[60,149430,149079],{"class":74},[60,149432,149433,149435,149437,149439],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149434,140],{"class":139},[60,149436,124],{"class":74},[60,149438,124652],{"class":120},[60,149440,133],{"class":74},[60,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,149444,140],{"class":139},[60,149446,124],{"class":74},[60,149448,1684],{"class":1683},[60,149450,124],{"class":74},[60,149452,124652],{"class":120},[60,149454,1691],{"class":74},[20,149456,404],{},[51,149458,149460],{"className":53,"code":149459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149461,149462,149466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149463,149464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149465,8555],{"class":74},[60,149467,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149469,3205],{"class":70},[60,149471,3208],{"class":1984},[60,149473,214],{"class":78},[60,149475,48838],{"class":82},[60,149477,205],{"class":78},[60,149479,3217],{"class":70},[20,149481,149482],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149484,149485],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[260,149487,149488,149493],{},[263,149489,149490,149491],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149492,7277],{},[263,149494,149495,149496],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149497,3700],{},[20,149499,149500,149501,117],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[30,149502,149503],{"href":57039},"Python list: creating a list",[46,149505,149507],{"id":149506},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149509,149510],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149512,149513,149514,149516],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[41,149515,43],{}," automatically a tuple:",[51,149518,149520],{"className":53,"code":149519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149521,149522,149534,149544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149523,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149525,1700],{"class":66},[60,149527,71],{"class":70},[60,149529,9144],{"class":74},[60,149531,2056],{"class":357},[60,149533,133],{"class":74},[60,149535,149536,149538,149540,149542],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149537,140],{"class":139},[60,149539,124],{"class":74},[60,149541,315],{"class":120},[60,149543,133],{"class":74},[60,149545,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,149547,140],{"class":139},[60,149549,124],{"class":74},[60,149551,1684],{"class":1683},[60,149553,124],{"class":74},[60,149555,315],{"class":120},[60,149557,1691],{"class":74},[20,149559,404],{},[51,149561,149563],{"className":53,"code":149562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149564,149565,149569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149566,149567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149568,2862],{"class":357},[60,149570,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149572,3205],{"class":70},[60,149574,3208],{"class":1984},[60,149576,214],{"class":78},[60,149578,2108],{"class":82},[60,149580,205],{"class":78},[60,149582,3217],{"class":70},[20,149584,149585],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[51,149587,149589],{"className":53,"code":149588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149590,149591,149603,149613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149592,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149594,149084],{"class":66},[60,149596,71],{"class":70},[60,149598,9144],{"class":74},[60,149600,2056],{"class":357},[60,149602,149093],{"class":74},[60,149604,149605,149607,149609,149611],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149606,140],{"class":139},[60,149608,124],{"class":74},[60,149610,149162],{"class":120},[60,149612,133],{"class":74},[60,149614,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,149616,140],{"class":139},[60,149618,124],{"class":74},[60,149620,1684],{"class":1683},[60,149622,124],{"class":74},[60,149624,149162],{"class":120},[60,149626,1691],{"class":74},[20,149628,404],{},[51,149630,149632],{"className":53,"code":149631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149633,149634,149642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149635,149636,149638,149640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149637,124],{"class":74},[60,149639,2056],{"class":357},[60,149641,149093],{"class":74},[60,149643,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149645,3205],{"class":70},[60,149647,3208],{"class":1984},[60,149649,214],{"class":78},[60,149651,48838],{"class":82},[60,149653,205],{"class":78},[60,149655,3217],{"class":70},[20,149657,16546],{},[51,149659,149661],{"className":53,"code":149660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149662,149663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149664,149665,149667,149669,149671,149673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149666,124],{"class":74},[60,149668,79],{"class":78},[60,149670,495],{"class":82},[60,149672,79],{"class":78},[60,149674,149093],{"class":74},[20,149676,1498],{},[51,149678,149680],{"className":53,"code":149679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149681,149682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149683,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149685,124],{"class":74},[60,149687,79],{"class":78},[60,149689,495],{"class":82},[60,149691,79],{"class":78},[60,149693,133],{"class":74},[20,149695,149696],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[46,149698,149700],{"id":149699},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149702,149703],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[337,149705,56347],{"id":380},[51,149707,149708],{"className":53,"code":149279,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,149709,149710,149730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149711,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149713,350],{"class":66},[60,149715,71],{"class":70},[60,149717,9144],{"class":74},[60,149719,358],{"class":357},[60,149721,88],{"class":74},[60,149723,363],{"class":357},[60,149725,88],{"class":74},[60,149727,368],{"class":357},[60,149729,133],{"class":74},[60,149731,149732,149734,149736,149738],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149733,140],{"class":139},[60,149735,124],{"class":74},[60,149737,380],{"class":120},[60,149739,133],{"class":74},[337,149741,56350],{"id":5218},[51,149743,149745],{"className":53,"code":149744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149746,149747,149779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149748,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149750,67],{"class":66},[60,149752,71],{"class":70},[60,149754,9144],{"class":74},[60,149756,79],{"class":78},[60,149758,83],{"class":82},[60,149760,79],{"class":78},[60,149762,88],{"class":74},[60,149764,91],{"class":78},[60,149766,103],{"class":82},[60,149768,79],{"class":78},[60,149770,88],{"class":74},[60,149772,91],{"class":78},[60,149774,94],{"class":82},[60,149776,79],{"class":78},[60,149778,133],{"class":74},[60,149780,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149782,140],{"class":139},[60,149784,124],{"class":74},[60,149786,114],{"class":120},[60,149788,133],{"class":74},[337,149790,149792],{"id":149791},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[51,149794,149796],{"className":53,"code":149795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149797,149798,149822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149799,149800,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149801,59359],{"class":66},[60,149803,71],{"class":70},[60,149805,9144],{"class":74},[60,149807,358],{"class":357},[60,149809,88],{"class":74},[60,149811,91],{"class":78},[60,149813,495],{"class":82},[60,149815,79],{"class":78},[60,149817,88],{"class":74},[60,149819,3828],{"class":734},[60,149821,133],{"class":74},[60,149823,149824,149826,149828,149830],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149825,140],{"class":139},[60,149827,124],{"class":74},[60,149829,59412],{"class":120},[60,149831,133],{"class":74},[337,149833,149835],{"id":149834},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149837,149838],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[51,149840,149842],{"className":53,"code":149841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149843,149844,149885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149845,149846,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149847,149848],{"class":66},"nested ",[60,149850,71],{"class":70},[60,149852,9144],{"class":74},[60,149854,358],{"class":357},[60,149856,88],{"class":74},[60,149858,9144],{"class":74},[60,149860,79],{"class":78},[60,149862,30],{"class":82},[60,149864,79],{"class":78},[60,149866,88],{"class":74},[60,149868,91],{"class":78},[60,149870,1428],{"class":82},[60,149872,79],{"class":78},[60,149874,9141],{"class":74},[60,149876,1512],{"class":74},[60,149878,2250],{"class":357},[60,149880,88],{"class":74},[60,149882,7702],{"class":357},[60,149884,1646],{"class":74},[60,149886,149887,149889,149891,149894],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149888,140],{"class":139},[60,149890,124],{"class":74},[60,149892,149893],{"class":120},"nested",[60,149895,133],{"class":74},[20,149897,404],{},[51,149899,149901],{"className":53,"code":149900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149902,149903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149904,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149906,124],{"class":74},[60,149908,358],{"class":357},[60,149910,88],{"class":74},[60,149912,9144],{"class":74},[60,149914,205],{"class":78},[60,149916,30],{"class":82},[60,149918,205],{"class":78},[60,149920,88],{"class":74},[60,149922,214],{"class":78},[60,149924,1428],{"class":82},[60,149926,205],{"class":78},[60,149928,9141],{"class":74},[60,149930,1512],{"class":74},[60,149932,2250],{"class":357},[60,149934,88],{"class":74},[60,149936,7702],{"class":357},[60,149938,1646],{"class":74},[46,149940,149942,149943],{"id":149941},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149944,37930],{},[20,149946,149947,149948,149950],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149949,37930],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149952,149953,149954,117],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[30,149955,63105],{"href":63104},[337,149957,104996],{"id":104995},[51,149959,149961],{"className":53,"code":149960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149962,149963,149985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149964,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149966,350],{"class":66},[60,149968,71],{"class":70},[60,149970,149103],{"class":1683},[60,149972,1641],{"class":74},[60,149974,358],{"class":357},[60,149976,88],{"class":74},[60,149978,363],{"class":357},[60,149980,88],{"class":74},[60,149982,368],{"class":357},[60,149984,1646],{"class":74},[60,149986,149987,149989,149991,149993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149988,140],{"class":139},[60,149990,124],{"class":74},[60,149992,380],{"class":120},[60,149994,133],{"class":74},[20,149996,404],{},[51,149998,149999],{"className":53,"code":149316,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150000,150001],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150002,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150004,124],{"class":74},[60,150006,358],{"class":357},[60,150008,88],{"class":74},[60,150010,363],{"class":357},[60,150012,88],{"class":74},[60,150014,368],{"class":357},[60,150016,133],{"class":74},[337,150018,105182],{"id":105181},[51,150020,150022],{"className":53,"code":150021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150023,150024,150042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150025,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150027,1411],{"class":66},[60,150029,71],{"class":70},[60,150031,149103],{"class":1683},[60,150033,124],{"class":74},[60,150035,79],{"class":78},[60,150037,41445],{"class":82},[60,150039,79],{"class":78},[60,150041,133],{"class":74},[60,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150045,140],{"class":139},[60,150047,124],{"class":74},[60,150049,1446],{"class":120},[60,150051,133],{"class":74},[20,150053,404],{},[51,150055,150057],{"className":53,"code":150056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150058,150059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150060,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150062,124],{"class":74},[60,150064,205],{"class":78},[60,150066,30],{"class":82},[60,150068,205],{"class":78},[60,150070,88],{"class":74},[60,150072,214],{"class":78},[60,150074,1428],{"class":82},[60,150076,205],{"class":78},[60,150078,88],{"class":74},[60,150080,214],{"class":78},[60,150082,1437],{"class":82},[60,150084,205],{"class":78},[60,150086,133],{"class":74},[20,150088,150089],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[337,150091,150093],{"id":150092},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[51,150095,150097],{"className":53,"code":150096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150098,150099,150117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150100,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150102,3736],{"class":66},[60,150104,71],{"class":70},[60,150106,149103],{"class":1683},[60,150108,124],{"class":74},[60,150110,59885],{"class":139},[60,150112,124],{"class":74},[60,150114,2421],{"class":357},[60,150116,1691],{"class":74},[60,150118,150119,150121,150123,150125],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150120,140],{"class":139},[60,150122,124],{"class":74},[60,150124,5268],{"class":120},[60,150126,133],{"class":74},[20,150128,404],{},[51,150130,150132],{"className":53,"code":150131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150133,150134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150135,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150137,124],{"class":74},[60,150139,2039],{"class":357},[60,150141,88],{"class":74},[60,150143,5408],{"class":357},[60,150145,88],{"class":74},[60,150147,363],{"class":357},[60,150149,88],{"class":74},[60,150151,368],{"class":357},[60,150153,133],{"class":74},[20,150155,150156],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[46,150158,20690],{"id":20689},[260,150160,150161,150164,150167,150170],{},[263,150162,150163],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[263,150165,150166],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[263,150168,150169],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[263,150171,150172],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150174,150175,150176,117],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[30,150177,150179],{"href":150178},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[46,150181,1245],{"id":1244},[20,150183,150184],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[337,150186,150188],{"id":150187},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150190,150191],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[51,150193,150195],{"className":53,"code":150194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150196,150197,150213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150200,28423],{"class":66},[60,150202,71],{"class":70},[60,150204,9144],{"class":74},[60,150206,79],{"class":78},[60,150208,495],{"class":82},[60,150210,79],{"class":78},[60,150212,133],{"class":74},[60,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150216,140],{"class":139},[60,150218,124],{"class":74},[60,150220,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150222,124],{"class":74},[60,150224,23197],{"class":120},[60,150226,1691],{"class":74},[20,150228,150229],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[51,150231,150233],{"className":53,"code":150232,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150234,150235,150251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150236,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150238,28423],{"class":66},[60,150240,71],{"class":70},[60,150242,9144],{"class":74},[60,150244,79],{"class":78},[60,150246,495],{"class":82},[60,150248,79],{"class":78},[60,150250,149093],{"class":74},[60,150252,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150254,140],{"class":139},[60,150256,124],{"class":74},[60,150258,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150260,124],{"class":74},[60,150262,23197],{"class":120},[60,150264,1691],{"class":74},[337,150266,150268],{"id":150267},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150270,150271],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[51,150273,150275],{"className":53,"code":150274,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150276,150277,150297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150278,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150280,3736],{"class":66},[60,150282,71],{"class":70},[60,150284,1512],{"class":74},[60,150286,358],{"class":357},[60,150288,88],{"class":74},[60,150290,363],{"class":357},[60,150292,88],{"class":74},[60,150294,368],{"class":357},[60,150296,1525],{"class":74},[60,150298,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150300,140],{"class":139},[60,150302,124],{"class":74},[60,150304,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150306,124],{"class":74},[60,150308,5268],{"class":120},[60,150310,1691],{"class":74},[20,150312,150313],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[51,150315,150317],{"className":53,"code":150316,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150318,150319,150339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150320,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150322,3736],{"class":66},[60,150324,71],{"class":70},[60,150326,9144],{"class":74},[60,150328,358],{"class":357},[60,150330,88],{"class":74},[60,150332,363],{"class":357},[60,150334,88],{"class":74},[60,150336,368],{"class":357},[60,150338,133],{"class":74},[60,150340,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150342,140],{"class":139},[60,150344,124],{"class":74},[60,150346,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150348,124],{"class":74},[60,150350,5268],{"class":120},[60,150352,1691],{"class":74},[337,150354,150356],{"id":150355},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150358,150169],{},[51,150360,150362],{"className":53,"code":150361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150363,150364,150384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150365,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150367,350],{"class":66},[60,150369,71],{"class":70},[60,150371,9144],{"class":74},[60,150373,358],{"class":357},[60,150375,88],{"class":74},[60,150377,363],{"class":357},[60,150379,88],{"class":74},[60,150381,368],{"class":357},[60,150383,133],{"class":74},[60,150385,150386],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150387,150388],{"class":177},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150390,150391],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[337,150393,1391,150395,150398],{"id":150394},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150396,150397],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150400,64531],{},[51,150402,150403],{"className":53,"code":150021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150404,150405,150423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150406,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150408,1411],{"class":66},[60,150410,71],{"class":70},[60,150412,149103],{"class":1683},[60,150414,124],{"class":74},[60,150416,79],{"class":78},[60,150418,41445],{"class":82},[60,150420,79],{"class":78},[60,150422,133],{"class":74},[60,150424,150425,150427,150429,150431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150426,140],{"class":139},[60,150428,124],{"class":74},[60,150430,1446],{"class":120},[60,150432,133],{"class":74},[20,150434,150435],{},"gives:",[51,150437,150438],{"className":53,"code":150056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150439,150440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150441,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150443,124],{"class":74},[60,150445,205],{"class":78},[60,150447,30],{"class":82},[60,150449,205],{"class":78},[60,150451,88],{"class":74},[60,150453,214],{"class":78},[60,150455,1428],{"class":82},[60,150457,205],{"class":78},[60,150459,88],{"class":74},[60,150461,214],{"class":78},[60,150463,1437],{"class":82},[60,150465,205],{"class":78},[60,150467,133],{"class":74},[20,150469,150470],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[51,150472,150474],{"className":53,"code":150473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150475,150476,150492],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150479,6066],{"class":66},[60,150481,71],{"class":70},[60,150483,9144],{"class":74},[60,150485,79],{"class":78},[60,150487,41445],{"class":82},[60,150489,79],{"class":78},[60,150491,149093],{"class":74},[60,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150495,140],{"class":139},[60,150497,124],{"class":74},[60,150499,38275],{"class":120},[60,150501,133],{"class":74},[20,150503,404],{},[51,150505,150507],{"className":53,"code":150506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('abc',)\n",[15,150508,150509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150510,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150512,124],{"class":74},[60,150514,205],{"class":78},[60,150516,41445],{"class":82},[60,150518,205],{"class":78},[60,150520,149093],{"class":74},[337,150522,150524],{"id":150523},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150526,150527],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[51,150529,150531],{"className":53,"code":150530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150532,150533,150550,150554,150564,150578],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150534,150535,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150536,150537],{"class":66},"my_tuple ",[60,150539,71],{"class":70},[60,150541,9144],{"class":74},[60,150543,79],{"class":78},[60,150545,495],{"class":82},[60,150547,79],{"class":78},[60,150549,149093],{"class":74},[60,150551,150552],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150553,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,150555,150556,150558,150560,150562],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,150557,140],{"class":139},[60,150559,124],{"class":74},[60,150561,147755],{"class":120},[60,150563,133],{"class":74},[60,150565,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,150567,140],{"class":139},[60,150569,124],{"class":74},[60,150571,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150573,124],{"class":74},[60,150575,147755],{"class":120},[60,150577,1691],{"class":74},[60,150579,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,150581,140],{"class":139},[60,150583,124],{"class":74},[60,150585,11064],{"class":139},[60,150587,124],{"class":74},[60,150589,147755],{"class":120},[60,150591,1691],{"class":74},[46,150593,1746],{"id":1745},[337,150595,150597],{"id":150596},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150599,150600,150601,150604],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150602,150603],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[337,150606,150608],{"id":150607},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150610,150611],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[337,150613,150615],{"id":150614},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150617,150618],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[337,150620,150622],{"id":150621},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150624,150625],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[337,150627,1760,150629,1763],{"id":150628},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150630,150397],{},[20,150632,1766,150633,150636],{},[15,150634,150635],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[46,150638,1808],{"id":1807},[260,150640,150641,150645,150649,150655,150660,150665,150669],{},[263,150642,150643],{},[30,150644,147737],{"href":147736},[263,150646,150647],{},[30,150648,149410],{"href":149409},[263,150650,150651],{},[30,150652,150654],{"href":150653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[263,150656,150657],{},[30,150658,150659],{"href":148975},"Python tuple length with len()",[263,150661,150662],{},[30,150663,150664],{"href":149040},"What is a tuple in Python?",[263,150666,150667],{},[30,150668,63105],{"href":63104},[263,150670,150671],{},[30,150672,150673],{"href":150178},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1841,150675,150676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":150678},[150679,150680,150681,150682,150683,150684,150690,150696,150697,150705,150713],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":149269,"depth":111,"text":149270},{"id":149413,"depth":111,"text":149414},{"id":149506,"depth":111,"text":149507},{"id":149699,"depth":111,"text":149700,"children":150685},[150686,150687,150688,150689],{"id":380,"depth":136,"text":56347},{"id":5218,"depth":136,"text":56350},{"id":149791,"depth":136,"text":149792},{"id":149834,"depth":136,"text":149835},{"id":149941,"depth":111,"text":150691,"children":150692},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150693,150694,150695],{"id":104995,"depth":136,"text":104996},{"id":105181,"depth":136,"text":105182},{"id":150092,"depth":136,"text":150093},{"id":20689,"depth":111,"text":20690},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":150698},[150699,150700,150701,150702,150704],{"id":150187,"depth":136,"text":150188},{"id":150267,"depth":136,"text":150268},{"id":150355,"depth":136,"text":150356},{"id":150394,"depth":136,"text":150703},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150523,"depth":136,"text":150524},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":150706},[150707,150708,150709,150710,150711],{"id":150596,"depth":136,"text":150597},{"id":150607,"depth":136,"text":150608},{"id":150614,"depth":136,"text":150615},{"id":150621,"depth":136,"text":150622},{"id":150628,"depth":136,"text":150712},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149026,"description":150714},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150721,"title":150722,"body":150723,"description":152268,"extension":1883,"meta":152269,"navigation":152,"path":152270,"seo":152271,"stem":152272,"__hash__":152273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150724,"toc":152238},[150725,150728,150733,150735,150748,150754,150756,150823,150825,150860,150865,150869,150873,150875,150886,150894,150896,150898,150919,150921,150941,150944,150946,150951,150994,150996,151018,151021,151034,151038,151042,151045,151098,151100,151121,151126,151130,151133,151178,151180,151213,151225,151229,151237,151274,151276,151305,151309,151312,151365,151367,151387,151394,151398,151403,151472,151474,151499,151503,151506,151512,151589,151591,151650,151652,151664,151669,151673,151677,151691,151693,151728,151730,151747,151750,151763,151767,151771,151782,151787,151802,151805,151808,151810,151813,151817,151819,151833,151835,151859,151864,151868,151871,151890,151893,151942,151947,151964,151967,152000,152004,152006,152057,152060,152085,152088,152111,152115,152121,152123,152158,152161,152166,152168,152172,152175,152179,152184,152188,152191,152195,152198,152202,152207,152209,152235],[10,150726,150722],{"id":150727},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150729,9032,150730,150732],{},[15,150731,37930],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150734,82477],{},[260,150736,150737,150742],{},[263,150738,150739,150741],{},[15,150740,37930],{}," creates an empty tuple",[263,150743,150744,150747],{},[15,150745,150746],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150749,150750,150751,150753],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150752,37930],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[46,150755,49],{"id":48},[51,150757,150759],{"className":53,"code":150758,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150760,150761,150781,150795,150799,150809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150762,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150764,350],{"class":66},[60,150766,71],{"class":70},[60,150768,1512],{"class":74},[60,150770,358],{"class":357},[60,150772,88],{"class":74},[60,150774,363],{"class":357},[60,150776,88],{"class":74},[60,150778,368],{"class":357},[60,150780,1525],{"class":74},[60,150782,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150784,688],{"class":66},[60,150786,71],{"class":70},[60,150788,149103],{"class":1683},[60,150790,124],{"class":74},[60,150792,380],{"class":120},[60,150794,133],{"class":74},[60,150796,150797],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,150798,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,150800,150801,150803,150805,150807],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,150802,140],{"class":139},[60,150804,124],{"class":74},[60,150806,720],{"class":120},[60,150808,133],{"class":74},[60,150810,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,150812,140],{"class":139},[60,150814,124],{"class":74},[60,150816,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150818,124],{"class":74},[60,150820,720],{"class":120},[60,150822,1691],{"class":74},[20,150824,404],{},[51,150826,150828],{"className":53,"code":150827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150829,150830,150846],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150831,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150833,124],{"class":74},[60,150835,358],{"class":357},[60,150837,88],{"class":74},[60,150839,363],{"class":357},[60,150841,88],{"class":74},[60,150843,368],{"class":357},[60,150845,133],{"class":74},[60,150847,150848,150850,150852,150854,150856,150858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150849,3205],{"class":70},[60,150851,3208],{"class":1984},[60,150853,214],{"class":78},[60,150855,48838],{"class":82},[60,150857,205],{"class":78},[60,150859,3217],{"class":70},[20,150861,243,150862,150864],{},[15,150863,150746],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[46,150866,150868],{"id":150867},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150870,150871,62813],{},[15,150872,37930],{},[20,150874,48812],{},[260,150876,150877,150880,150883],{},[263,150878,150879],{},"creates a tuple object",[263,150881,150882],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[263,150884,150885],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150887,150888,150889,150891,150892,117],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,150890,149041],{"href":149040}," or the full guide to ",[30,150893,147737],{"href":147736},[46,150895,296],{"id":295},[20,150897,26373],{},[51,150899,150901],{"className":53,"code":150900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150902,150903,150909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150904,150905,150907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150906,48838],{"class":1683},[60,150908,8555],{"class":74},[60,150910,150911,150913,150915,150917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150912,48838],{"class":1683},[60,150914,124],{"class":74},[60,150916,3634],{"class":120},[60,150918,133],{"class":74},[20,150920,11358],{},[260,150922,150923,150926],{},[263,150924,150925],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[263,150927,150928,150929],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[260,150930,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939],{},[263,150932,5209],{},[263,150934,5218],{},[263,150936,62884],{},[263,150938,5215],{},[263,150940,7162],{},[20,150942,150943],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[46,150945,149414],{"id":149413},[20,150947,29535,150948,150950],{},[15,150949,37930],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[51,150952,150954],{"className":53,"code":150953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150955,150956,150966,150970,150980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150957,150958,150960,150962,150964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150959,124601],{"class":66},[60,150961,71],{"class":70},[60,150963,149103],{"class":1683},[60,150965,8555],{"class":74},[60,150967,150968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150969,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,150973,140],{"class":139},[60,150975,124],{"class":74},[60,150977,124652],{"class":120},[60,150979,133],{"class":74},[60,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,150983,140],{"class":139},[60,150985,124],{"class":74},[60,150987,1684],{"class":1683},[60,150989,124],{"class":74},[60,150991,124652],{"class":120},[60,150993,1691],{"class":74},[20,150995,404],{},[51,150997,150998],{"className":53,"code":149459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150999,151000,151004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151001,151002],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151003,8555],{"class":74},[60,151005,151006,151008,151010,151012,151014,151016],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151007,3205],{"class":70},[60,151009,3208],{"class":1984},[60,151011,214],{"class":78},[60,151013,48838],{"class":82},[60,151015,205],{"class":78},[60,151017,3217],{"class":70},[20,151019,151020],{},"This is equivalent to:",[51,151022,151024],{"className":53,"code":151023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\n",[15,151025,151026],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151027,151028,151030,151032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151029,124601],{"class":66},[60,151031,71],{"class":70},[60,151033,149079],{"class":74},[46,151035,151037],{"id":151036},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[337,151039,151041],{"id":151040},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151043,151044],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[51,151046,151048],{"className":53,"code":151047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151049,151050,151070,151084,151088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151051,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151053,350],{"class":66},[60,151055,71],{"class":70},[60,151057,1512],{"class":74},[60,151059,2250],{"class":357},[60,151061,88],{"class":74},[60,151063,7702],{"class":357},[60,151065,88],{"class":74},[60,151067,7707],{"class":357},[60,151069,1525],{"class":74},[60,151071,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151073,688],{"class":66},[60,151075,71],{"class":70},[60,151077,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151079,124],{"class":74},[60,151081,380],{"class":120},[60,151083,133],{"class":74},[60,151085,151086],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151087,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151089,151090,151092,151094,151096],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,151091,140],{"class":139},[60,151093,124],{"class":74},[60,151095,720],{"class":120},[60,151097,133],{"class":74},[20,151099,404],{},[51,151101,151103],{"className":53,"code":151102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151104,151105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151106,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151108,124],{"class":74},[60,151110,2250],{"class":357},[60,151112,88],{"class":74},[60,151114,7702],{"class":357},[60,151116,88],{"class":74},[60,151118,7707],{"class":357},[60,151120,133],{"class":74},[20,151122,151123,151124,117],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[30,151125,104801],{"href":59942},[337,151127,151129],{"id":151128},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151131,151132],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[51,151134,151136],{"className":53,"code":151135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151137,151138,151150,151164,151168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151139,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151141,34573],{"class":66},[60,151143,71],{"class":70},[60,151145,91],{"class":78},[60,151147,36931],{"class":82},[60,151149,3273],{"class":78},[60,151151,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151153,688],{"class":66},[60,151155,71],{"class":70},[60,151157,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151159,124],{"class":74},[60,151161,34594],{"class":120},[60,151163,133],{"class":74},[60,151165,151166],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151167,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,151171,140],{"class":139},[60,151173,124],{"class":74},[60,151175,720],{"class":120},[60,151177,133],{"class":74},[20,151179,404],{},[51,151181,151183],{"className":53,"code":151182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151184,151185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151186,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151188,124],{"class":74},[60,151190,205],{"class":78},[60,151192,1437],{"class":82},[60,151194,205],{"class":78},[60,151196,88],{"class":74},[60,151198,214],{"class":78},[60,151200,30],{"class":82},[60,151202,205],{"class":78},[60,151204,88],{"class":74},[60,151206,214],{"class":78},[60,151208,63174],{"class":82},[60,151210,205],{"class":78},[60,151212,133],{"class":74},[20,151214,151215,151216,39,151219,151221,151222,117],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151217,151218],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[41,151220,43],{}," create ",[15,151223,151224],{},"('cat',)",[337,151226,151228],{"id":151227},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151230,151231,151233,151234,151236],{},[15,151232,36083],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151235,37930],{}," collects them all.",[51,151238,151240],{"className":53,"code":151239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151241,151242,151260,151264],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151243,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151245,688],{"class":66},[60,151247,71],{"class":70},[60,151249,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151251,124],{"class":74},[60,151253,59885],{"class":139},[60,151255,124],{"class":74},[60,151257,2056],{"class":357},[60,151259,1691],{"class":74},[60,151261,151262],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151263,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151265,151266,151268,151270,151272],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151267,140],{"class":139},[60,151269,124],{"class":74},[60,151271,720],{"class":120},[60,151273,133],{"class":74},[20,151275,404],{},[51,151277,151279],{"className":53,"code":151278,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151280,151281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151282,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151284,124],{"class":74},[60,151286,2039],{"class":357},[60,151288,88],{"class":74},[60,151290,5408],{"class":357},[60,151292,88],{"class":74},[60,151294,363],{"class":357},[60,151296,88],{"class":74},[60,151298,368],{"class":357},[60,151300,88],{"class":74},[60,151302,373],{"class":357},[60,151304,133],{"class":74},[337,151306,151308],{"id":151307},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151310,151311],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[51,151313,151315],{"className":53,"code":151314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151316,151317,151337,151351,151355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331,151333,151335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151320,3736],{"class":66},[60,151322,71],{"class":70},[60,151324,75],{"class":74},[60,151326,358],{"class":357},[60,151328,88],{"class":74},[60,151330,363],{"class":357},[60,151332,88],{"class":74},[60,151334,368],{"class":357},[60,151336,108],{"class":74},[60,151338,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151340,688],{"class":66},[60,151342,71],{"class":70},[60,151344,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151346,124],{"class":74},[60,151348,5268],{"class":120},[60,151350,133],{"class":74},[60,151352,151353],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151354,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151356,151357,151359,151361,151363],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,151358,140],{"class":139},[60,151360,124],{"class":74},[60,151362,720],{"class":120},[60,151364,133],{"class":74},[20,151366,404],{},[51,151368,151369],{"className":53,"code":149316,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151370,151371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151372,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151374,124],{"class":74},[60,151376,358],{"class":357},[60,151378,88],{"class":74},[60,151380,363],{"class":357},[60,151382,88],{"class":74},[60,151384,368],{"class":357},[60,151386,133],{"class":74},[20,151388,151389,151390,117],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[30,151391,151393],{"href":151392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[337,151395,151397],{"id":151396},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151399,63427,151400,151402],{},[15,151401,37930],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[51,151404,151406],{"className":53,"code":151405,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151407,151408,151444,151458,151462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151409,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151411,13095],{"class":66},[60,151413,71],{"class":70},[60,151415,75],{"class":74},[60,151417,79],{"class":78},[60,151419,7580],{"class":82},[60,151421,79],{"class":78},[60,151423,258],{"class":74},[60,151425,91],{"class":78},[60,151427,12774],{"class":82},[60,151429,79],{"class":78},[60,151431,88],{"class":74},[60,151433,91],{"class":78},[60,151435,9206],{"class":82},[60,151437,79],{"class":78},[60,151439,258],{"class":74},[60,151441,9213],{"class":357},[60,151443,108],{"class":74},[60,151445,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151447,688],{"class":66},[60,151449,71],{"class":70},[60,151451,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151453,124],{"class":74},[60,151455,17198],{"class":120},[60,151457,133],{"class":74},[60,151459,151460],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151461,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151463,151464,151466,151468,151470],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,151465,140],{"class":139},[60,151467,124],{"class":74},[60,151469,720],{"class":120},[60,151471,133],{"class":74},[20,151473,192],{},[51,151475,151477],{"className":53,"code":151476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151478,151479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151480,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151482,124],{"class":74},[60,151484,205],{"class":78},[60,151486,7580],{"class":82},[60,151488,205],{"class":78},[60,151490,88],{"class":74},[60,151492,214],{"class":78},[60,151494,9206],{"class":82},[60,151496,205],{"class":78},[60,151498,133],{"class":74},[46,151500,151502],{"id":151501},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151504,151505],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151507,151508,151511],{},[15,151509,151510],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[51,151513,151515],{"className":53,"code":151514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151516,151517,151553,151557,151571],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151518,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151520,13095],{"class":66},[60,151522,71],{"class":70},[60,151524,75],{"class":74},[60,151526,79],{"class":78},[60,151528,7580],{"class":82},[60,151530,79],{"class":78},[60,151532,258],{"class":74},[60,151534,91],{"class":78},[60,151536,12774],{"class":82},[60,151538,79],{"class":78},[60,151540,88],{"class":74},[60,151542,91],{"class":78},[60,151544,9206],{"class":82},[60,151546,79],{"class":78},[60,151548,258],{"class":74},[60,151550,9213],{"class":357},[60,151552,108],{"class":74},[60,151554,151555],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151556,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,151560,140],{"class":139},[60,151562,124],{"class":74},[60,151564,48838],{"class":1683},[60,151566,124],{"class":74},[60,151568,17198],{"class":120},[60,151570,1691],{"class":74},[60,151572,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,151574,140],{"class":139},[60,151576,124],{"class":74},[60,151578,48838],{"class":1683},[60,151580,124],{"class":74},[60,151582,17198],{"class":120},[60,151584,117],{"class":74},[60,151586,517],{"class":120},[60,151588,6201],{"class":74},[20,151590,404],{},[51,151592,151594],{"className":53,"code":151593,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151595,151596,151616],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151597,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151599,124],{"class":74},[60,151601,205],{"class":78},[60,151603,7580],{"class":82},[60,151605,205],{"class":78},[60,151607,88],{"class":74},[60,151609,214],{"class":78},[60,151611,9206],{"class":82},[60,151613,205],{"class":78},[60,151615,133],{"class":74},[60,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151619,5421],{"class":74},[60,151621,205],{"class":78},[60,151623,7580],{"class":82},[60,151625,205],{"class":78},[60,151627,88],{"class":74},[60,151629,214],{"class":78},[60,151631,12774],{"class":82},[60,151633,205],{"class":78},[60,151635,9141],{"class":74},[60,151637,9144],{"class":74},[60,151639,205],{"class":78},[60,151641,9206],{"class":82},[60,151643,205],{"class":78},[60,151645,88],{"class":74},[60,151647,9213],{"class":357},[60,151649,1691],{"class":74},[20,151651,18585],{},[260,151653,151654,151659],{},[263,151655,151656,151658],{},[15,151657,151510],{}," for keys",[263,151660,151661,32442],{},[15,151662,151663],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151665,151666,151667,117],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[30,151668,63437],{"href":63436},[46,151670,151672],{"id":151671},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151674,151675,18209],{},[15,151676,37930],{},[260,151678,151679,151682,151685,151688],{},[263,151680,151681],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[263,151683,151684],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[263,151686,151687],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[263,151689,151690],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151692,2127],{},[51,151694,151696],{"className":53,"code":151695,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151697,151698,151717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151699,151700,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151701,151702],{"class":66},"coordinates ",[60,151704,71],{"class":70},[60,151706,149103],{"class":1683},[60,151708,1641],{"class":74},[60,151710,2421],{"class":357},[60,151712,88],{"class":74},[60,151714,5905],{"class":357},[60,151716,1646],{"class":74},[60,151718,151719,151721,151723,151726],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151720,140],{"class":139},[60,151722,124],{"class":74},[60,151724,151725],{"class":120},"coordinates",[60,151727,133],{"class":74},[20,151729,404],{},[51,151731,151733],{"className":53,"code":151732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151734,151735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151736,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151738,124],{"class":74},[60,151740,2421],{"class":357},[60,151742,88],{"class":74},[60,151744,5905],{"class":357},[60,151746,133],{"class":74},[20,151748,151749],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[260,151751,151752,151754,151757,151760],{},[263,151753,151725],{},[263,151755,151756],{},"RGB colors",[263,151758,151759],{},"dates",[263,151761,151762],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[46,151764,151766],{"id":151765},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151768,44314,151769,1227],{},[15,151770,37930],{},[260,151772,151773,151776,151779],{},[263,151774,151775],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[263,151777,151778],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[263,151780,151781],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151783,116228,151784,151786],{},[41,151785,43],{}," work:",[51,151788,151790],{"className":53,"code":151789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151791,151792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151793,151794,151796,151798,151800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151795,48838],{"class":1683},[60,151797,124],{"class":74},[60,151799,2056],{"class":357},[60,151801,133],{"class":74},[20,151803,151804],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151806,151807],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[46,151809,115066],{"id":115065},[20,151811,151812],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[337,151814,151816],{"id":151815},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151818,1603],{},[51,151820,151821],{"className":53,"code":151789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151822,151823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151824,151825,151827,151829,151831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151826,48838],{"class":1683},[60,151828,124],{"class":74},[60,151830,2056],{"class":357},[60,151832,133],{"class":74},[20,151834,29566],{},[51,151836,151837],{"className":53,"code":63541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151838,151839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151840,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151842,2919],{"class":1683},[60,151844,258],{"class":74},[60,151846,214],{"class":78},[60,151848,2108],{"class":82},[60,151850,205],{"class":78},[60,151852,24504],{"class":1683},[60,151854,8009],{"class":70},[60,151856,8012],{"class":70},[60,151858,63564],{"class":66},[20,151860,151861,151862,117],{},"If you see this, read ",[30,151863,62178],{"href":52486},[337,151865,151867],{"id":151866},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151869,151870],{},"This code:",[51,151872,151874],{"className":53,"code":151873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151875,151876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151877,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151879,48838],{"class":1683},[60,151881,124],{"class":74},[60,151883,79],{"class":78},[60,151885,3759],{"class":82},[60,151887,79],{"class":78},[60,151889,133],{"class":74},[20,151891,151892],{},"returns:",[51,151894,151896],{"className":53,"code":151895,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151897,151898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151899,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151901,124],{"class":74},[60,151903,205],{"class":78},[60,151905,60325],{"class":82},[60,151907,205],{"class":78},[60,151909,88],{"class":74},[60,151911,214],{"class":78},[60,151913,60334],{"class":82},[60,151915,205],{"class":78},[60,151917,88],{"class":74},[60,151919,214],{"class":78},[60,151921,60343],{"class":82},[60,151923,205],{"class":78},[60,151925,88],{"class":74},[60,151927,214],{"class":78},[60,151929,60343],{"class":82},[60,151931,205],{"class":78},[60,151933,88],{"class":74},[60,151935,214],{"class":78},[60,151937,60360],{"class":82},[60,151939,205],{"class":78},[60,151941,133],{"class":74},[20,151943,40790,151944,151946],{},[41,151945,43],{}," return:",[51,151948,151950],{"className":53,"code":151949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('hello',)\n",[15,151951,151952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151953,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151955,124],{"class":74},[60,151957,205],{"class":78},[60,151959,3759],{"class":82},[60,151961,205],{"class":78},[60,151963,149093],{"class":74},[20,151965,151966],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[51,151968,151970],{"className":53,"code":151969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151971,151972,151989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151973,151974,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151975,151976],{"class":66},"single ",[60,151978,71],{"class":70},[60,151980,9144],{"class":74},[60,151982,79],{"class":78},[60,151984,3759],{"class":82},[60,151986,79],{"class":78},[60,151988,149093],{"class":74},[60,151990,151991,151993,151995,151998],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151992,140],{"class":139},[60,151994,124],{"class":74},[60,151996,151997],{"class":120},"single",[60,151999,133],{"class":74},[337,152001,152003],{"id":152002},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152005,151870],{},[51,152007,152009],{"className":53,"code":152008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152010,152011,152043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152014,1613],{"class":66},[60,152016,71],{"class":70},[60,152018,75],{"class":74},[60,152020,79],{"class":78},[60,152022,30],{"class":82},[60,152024,79],{"class":78},[60,152026,258],{"class":74},[60,152028,5408],{"class":357},[60,152030,88],{"class":74},[60,152032,91],{"class":78},[60,152034,1428],{"class":82},[60,152036,79],{"class":78},[60,152038,258],{"class":74},[60,152040,363],{"class":357},[60,152042,108],{"class":74},[60,152044,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152046,140],{"class":139},[60,152048,124],{"class":74},[60,152050,48838],{"class":1683},[60,152052,124],{"class":74},[60,152054,1634],{"class":120},[60,152056,1691],{"class":74},[20,152058,152059],{},"returns only the keys:",[51,152061,152063],{"className":53,"code":152062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152064,152065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152066,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152068,124],{"class":74},[60,152070,205],{"class":78},[60,152072,30],{"class":82},[60,152074,205],{"class":78},[60,152076,88],{"class":74},[60,152078,214],{"class":78},[60,152080,1428],{"class":82},[60,152082,205],{"class":78},[60,152084,133],{"class":74},[20,152086,152087],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[51,152089,152091],{"className":53,"code":152090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152092,152093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152094,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152096,140],{"class":139},[60,152098,124],{"class":74},[60,152100,48838],{"class":1683},[60,152102,124],{"class":74},[60,152104,1634],{"class":120},[60,152106,117],{"class":74},[60,152108,517],{"class":120},[60,152110,6201],{"class":74},[337,152112,152114],{"id":152113},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152116,152117,152118,152120],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152119,37930],{}," conversion.",[20,152122,5382],{},[51,152124,152126],{"className":53,"code":152125,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152127,152128,152148],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152129,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152131,1700],{"class":66},[60,152133,71],{"class":70},[60,152135,9144],{"class":74},[60,152137,358],{"class":357},[60,152139,88],{"class":74},[60,152141,363],{"class":357},[60,152143,88],{"class":74},[60,152145,368],{"class":357},[60,152147,133],{"class":74},[60,152149,152150,152152,152154,152156],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152151,140],{"class":139},[60,152153,124],{"class":74},[60,152155,315],{"class":120},[60,152157,133],{"class":74},[20,152159,152160],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152162,25392,152163,152165],{},[15,152164,37930],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[46,152167,1746],{"id":1745},[337,152169,152171],{"id":152170},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152173,152174],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[337,152176,152178],{"id":152177},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152180,152181,152182,117],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152183,7277],{},[337,152185,152187],{"id":152186},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152189,152190],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[337,152192,152194],{"id":152193},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152196,152197],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[337,152199,152201],{"id":152200},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152203,152204,152205,117],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152206,2919],{},[46,152208,1808],{"id":1807},[260,152210,152211,152215,152219,152223,152227,152231],{},[263,152212,152213],{},[30,152214,147737],{"href":147736},[263,152216,152217],{},[30,152218,150664],{"href":149040},[263,152220,152221],{},[30,152222,104801],{"href":59942},[263,152224,152225],{},[30,152226,151393],{"href":151392},[263,152228,152229],{},[30,152230,63437],{"href":63436},[263,152232,152233],{},[30,152234,62178],{"href":52486},[1841,152236,152237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":152239},[152240,152241,152242,152243,152244,152251,152252,152253,152254,152260,152267],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":150867,"depth":111,"text":150868},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":149413,"depth":111,"text":149414},{"id":151036,"depth":111,"text":151037,"children":152245},[152246,152247,152248,152249,152250],{"id":151040,"depth":136,"text":151041},{"id":151128,"depth":136,"text":151129},{"id":151227,"depth":136,"text":151228},{"id":151307,"depth":136,"text":151308},{"id":151396,"depth":136,"text":151397},{"id":151501,"depth":111,"text":151502},{"id":151671,"depth":111,"text":151672},{"id":151765,"depth":111,"text":151766},{"id":115065,"depth":111,"text":115066,"children":152255},[152256,152257,152258,152259],{"id":151815,"depth":136,"text":151816},{"id":151866,"depth":136,"text":151867},{"id":152002,"depth":136,"text":152003},{"id":152113,"depth":136,"text":152114},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":152261},[152262,152263,152264,152265,152266],{"id":152170,"depth":136,"text":152171},{"id":152177,"depth":136,"text":152178},{"id":152186,"depth":136,"text":152187},{"id":152193,"depth":136,"text":152194},{"id":152200,"depth":136,"text":152201},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150722,"description":152268},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152275,"title":152276,"body":152277,"description":153690,"extension":1883,"meta":153691,"navigation":152,"path":153692,"seo":153693,"stem":153694,"__hash__":153695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152278,"toc":153662},[152279,152284,152289,152292,152294,152373,152379,152384,152388,152403,152405,152452,152454,152462,152470,152476,152478,152483,152503,152506,152533,152535,152559,152561,152703,152705,152709,152717,152720,152722,152799,152801,152809,152813,152817,152827,152837,152839,152844,152846,152905,152910,152912,153012,153014,153028,153033,153039,153046,153049,153051,153161,153165,153182,153184,153247,153249,153257,153269,153273,153278,153306,153309,153391,153393,153404,153406,153410,153437,153439,153441,153521,153529,153531,153586,153588,153593,153596,153600,153604,153606,153610,153614,153622,153629,153632,153634,153659],[10,152280,147621,152282,18],{"id":152281},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152283,58854],{},[20,152285,152286,152288],{},[15,152287,148942],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152290,152291],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[46,152293,49],{"id":48},[51,152295,152297],{"className":53,"code":152296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152298,152299,152339,152361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152300,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152302,67],{"class":66},[60,152304,71],{"class":70},[60,152306,9144],{"class":74},[60,152308,79],{"class":78},[60,152310,83],{"class":82},[60,152312,79],{"class":78},[60,152314,88],{"class":74},[60,152316,91],{"class":78},[60,152318,94],{"class":82},[60,152320,79],{"class":78},[60,152322,88],{"class":74},[60,152324,91],{"class":78},[60,152326,103],{"class":82},[60,152328,79],{"class":78},[60,152330,88],{"class":74},[60,152332,91],{"class":78},[60,152334,94],{"class":82},[60,152336,79],{"class":78},[60,152338,133],{"class":74},[60,152340,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152342,64807],{"class":66},[60,152344,71],{"class":70},[60,152346,693],{"class":66},[60,152348,117],{"class":74},[60,152350,35732],{"class":120},[60,152352,124],{"class":74},[60,152354,79],{"class":78},[60,152356,94],{"class":82},[60,152358,79],{"class":78},[60,152360,133],{"class":74},[60,152362,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,152364,140],{"class":139},[60,152366,124],{"class":74},[60,152368,64834],{"class":120},[60,152370,174],{"class":74},[60,152372,27665],{"class":177},[20,152374,152375,152378],{},[15,152376,152377],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[46,152380,250,152382,253],{"id":152381},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152383,148942],{},[20,152385,1900,152386,11313],{},[15,152387,58854],{},[260,152389,152390,152393,152395,152398],{},[263,152391,152392],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[263,152394,128219],{},[263,152396,152397],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[263,152399,152400,152401],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152402,2039],{},[20,152404,2127],{},[51,152406,152408],{"className":53,"code":152407,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152409,152410,152434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152411,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152413,350],{"class":66},[60,152415,71],{"class":70},[60,152417,9144],{"class":74},[60,152419,2250],{"class":357},[60,152421,88],{"class":74},[60,152423,7702],{"class":357},[60,152425,88],{"class":74},[60,152427,7707],{"class":357},[60,152429,88],{"class":74},[60,152431,7702],{"class":357},[60,152433,133],{"class":74},[60,152435,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152437,140],{"class":139},[60,152439,124],{"class":74},[60,152441,380],{"class":120},[60,152443,117],{"class":74},[60,152445,35732],{"class":120},[60,152447,124],{"class":74},[60,152449,15645],{"class":357},[60,152451,1691],{"class":74},[20,152453,404],{},[51,152455,152456],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152457,152458],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152459,152460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152461,46801],{"class":357},[20,152463,20867,152464,152466,152467,152469],{},[15,152465,15645],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152468,58854],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152471,150888,152472,117],{},[30,152473,152475],{"href":152474},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[46,152477,296],{"id":295},[20,152479,7675,152480,152482],{},[15,152481,58854],{}," in two ways:",[51,152484,152486],{"className":53,"code":152485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152487,152488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152489,152490,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152491,152492],{"class":66},"tuple_name",[60,152494,117],{"class":74},[60,152496,35732],{"class":120},[60,152498,124],{"class":74},[60,152500,315],{"class":120},[60,152502,133],{"class":74},[20,152504,152505],{},"or:",[51,152507,152509],{"className":53,"code":152508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152510,152511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152512,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152514,152492],{"class":66},[60,152516,117],{"class":74},[60,152518,35732],{"class":120},[60,152520,124],{"class":74},[60,152522,315],{"class":120},[60,152524,88],{"class":74},[60,152526,35938],{"class":120},[60,152528,88],{"class":74},[60,152530,64928],{"class":120},[60,152532,133],{"class":74},[337,152534,17286],{"id":17285},[260,152536,152537,152542,152547,152552],{},[263,152538,152539,152541],{},[15,152540,315],{}," — the item to search for",[263,152543,152544,152546],{},[15,152545,35959],{}," — optional starting position",[263,152548,152549,152551],{},[15,152550,52547],{}," — optional ending position",[263,152553,152554,4694,152556,152558],{},[15,152555,52547],{},[41,152557,64957],{}," in the search",[20,152560,2127],{},[51,152562,152564],{"className":53,"code":152563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152565,152566,152614,152618,152643,152671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152567,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152569,1411],{"class":66},[60,152571,71],{"class":70},[60,152573,9144],{"class":74},[60,152575,79],{"class":78},[60,152577,30],{"class":82},[60,152579,79],{"class":78},[60,152581,88],{"class":74},[60,152583,91],{"class":78},[60,152585,1428],{"class":82},[60,152587,79],{"class":78},[60,152589,88],{"class":74},[60,152591,91],{"class":78},[60,152593,1437],{"class":82},[60,152595,79],{"class":78},[60,152597,88],{"class":74},[60,152599,91],{"class":78},[60,152601,1428],{"class":82},[60,152603,79],{"class":78},[60,152605,88],{"class":74},[60,152607,91],{"class":78},[60,152609,18658],{"class":82},[60,152611,79],{"class":78},[60,152613,133],{"class":74},[60,152615,152616],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152617,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,152621,140],{"class":139},[60,152623,124],{"class":74},[60,152625,1446],{"class":120},[60,152627,117],{"class":74},[60,152629,35732],{"class":120},[60,152631,124],{"class":74},[60,152633,79],{"class":78},[60,152635,1428],{"class":82},[60,152637,79],{"class":78},[60,152639,5271],{"class":74},[60,152641,152642],{"class":177},"        # 1\n",[60,152644,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,152646,140],{"class":139},[60,152648,124],{"class":74},[60,152650,1446],{"class":120},[60,152652,117],{"class":74},[60,152654,35732],{"class":120},[60,152656,124],{"class":74},[60,152658,79],{"class":78},[60,152660,1428],{"class":82},[60,152662,79],{"class":78},[60,152664,88],{"class":74},[60,152666,363],{"class":357},[60,152668,5271],{"class":74},[60,152670,50804],{"class":177},[60,152672,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,152674,140],{"class":139},[60,152676,124],{"class":74},[60,152678,1446],{"class":120},[60,152680,117],{"class":74},[60,152682,35732],{"class":120},[60,152684,124],{"class":74},[60,152686,79],{"class":78},[60,152688,1428],{"class":82},[60,152690,79],{"class":78},[60,152692,88],{"class":74},[60,152694,5408],{"class":357},[60,152696,88],{"class":74},[60,152698,368],{"class":357},[60,152700,5271],{"class":74},[60,152702,27665],{"class":177},[46,152704,636],{"id":635},[20,152706,152707,25395],{},[15,152708,148942],{},[260,152710,152711,152714],{},[263,152712,152713],{},"An integer",[263,152715,152716],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152718,152719],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152721,2127],{},[51,152723,152725],{"className":53,"code":152724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152726,152727,152767,152789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152728,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152730,108227],{"class":66},[60,152732,71],{"class":70},[60,152734,9144],{"class":74},[60,152736,79],{"class":78},[60,152738,36931],{"class":82},[60,152740,79],{"class":78},[60,152742,88],{"class":74},[60,152744,91],{"class":78},[60,152746,58013],{"class":82},[60,152748,79],{"class":78},[60,152750,88],{"class":74},[60,152752,91],{"class":78},[60,152754,58030],{"class":82},[60,152756,79],{"class":78},[60,152758,88],{"class":74},[60,152760,91],{"class":78},[60,152762,58013],{"class":82},[60,152764,79],{"class":78},[60,152766,133],{"class":74},[60,152768,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152770,688],{"class":66},[60,152772,71],{"class":70},[60,152774,108270],{"class":66},[60,152776,117],{"class":74},[60,152778,35732],{"class":120},[60,152780,124],{"class":74},[60,152782,79],{"class":78},[60,152784,58013],{"class":82},[60,152786,79],{"class":78},[60,152788,133],{"class":74},[60,152790,152791,152793,152795,152797],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,152792,140],{"class":139},[60,152794,124],{"class":74},[60,152796,720],{"class":120},[60,152798,133],{"class":74},[20,152800,404],{},[51,152802,152803],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152804,152805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152806,152807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152808,46801],{"class":357},[46,152810,152812],{"id":152811},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152814,243,152815,1227],{},[15,152816,148942],{},[260,152818,152819,152821,152824],{},[263,152820,65986],{},[263,152822,152823],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[263,152825,152826],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152828,152829,152830,152833,152834,117],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152831,152832],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[30,152835,149410],{"href":152836},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[46,152838,65518],{"id":65517},[20,152840,152841,152842,117],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152843,40588],{},[20,152845,2127],{},[51,152847,152849],{"className":53,"code":152848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152850,152851,152883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152852,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152854,67],{"class":66},[60,152856,71],{"class":70},[60,152858,9144],{"class":74},[60,152860,79],{"class":78},[60,152862,83],{"class":82},[60,152864,79],{"class":78},[60,152866,88],{"class":74},[60,152868,91],{"class":78},[60,152870,94],{"class":82},[60,152872,79],{"class":78},[60,152874,88],{"class":74},[60,152876,91],{"class":78},[60,152878,103],{"class":82},[60,152880,79],{"class":78},[60,152882,133],{"class":74},[60,152884,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152886,140],{"class":139},[60,152888,124],{"class":74},[60,152890,114],{"class":120},[60,152892,117],{"class":74},[60,152894,35732],{"class":120},[60,152896,124],{"class":74},[60,152898,79],{"class":78},[60,152900,169],{"class":82},[60,152902,79],{"class":78},[60,152904,1691],{"class":74},[20,152906,39538,152907,152909],{},[15,152908,109552],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152911,65593],{},[51,152913,152915],{"className":53,"code":152914,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152916,152917,152949,152953,152969,152991,152997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152918,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152920,67],{"class":66},[60,152922,71],{"class":70},[60,152924,9144],{"class":74},[60,152926,79],{"class":78},[60,152928,83],{"class":82},[60,152930,79],{"class":78},[60,152932,88],{"class":74},[60,152934,91],{"class":78},[60,152936,94],{"class":82},[60,152938,79],{"class":78},[60,152940,88],{"class":74},[60,152942,91],{"class":78},[60,152944,103],{"class":82},[60,152946,79],{"class":78},[60,152948,133],{"class":74},[60,152950,152951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152952,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,152956,1154],{"class":1153},[60,152958,91],{"class":78},[60,152960,169],{"class":82},[60,152962,79],{"class":78},[60,152964,1163],{"class":70},[60,152966,693],{"class":66},[60,152968,1168],{"class":74},[60,152970,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,152972,7981],{"class":139},[60,152974,124],{"class":74},[60,152976,114],{"class":120},[60,152978,117],{"class":74},[60,152980,35732],{"class":120},[60,152982,124],{"class":74},[60,152984,79],{"class":78},[60,152986,169],{"class":82},[60,152988,79],{"class":78},[60,152990,1691],{"class":74},[60,152992,152993,152995],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,152994,27319],{"class":1153},[60,152996,1168],{"class":74},[60,152998,152999,153001,153003,153005,153008,153010],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,153000,7981],{"class":139},[60,153002,124],{"class":74},[60,153004,79],{"class":78},[60,153006,153007],{"class":82},"Value not found",[60,153009,79],{"class":78},[60,153011,133],{"class":74},[20,153013,404],{},[51,153015,153017],{"className":53,"code":153016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Value not found\n",[15,153018,153019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153020,153021,153024,153026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153022,153023],{"class":66},"Value ",[60,153025,43],{"class":70},[60,153027,65717],{"class":66},[20,153029,153030,153031,117],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[30,153032,65727],{"href":65726},[46,153034,8331,153035,1776,153037],{"id":65294},[15,153036,35959],{},[15,153038,52547],{},[20,153040,1900,153041,1776,153043,153045],{},[15,153042,35959],{},[15,153044,52547],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153047,153048],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153050,2127],{},[51,153052,153054],{"className":53,"code":153053,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153055,153056,153084,153088,153109,153133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153057,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153059,3736],{"class":66},[60,153061,71],{"class":70},[60,153063,9144],{"class":74},[60,153065,2056],{"class":357},[60,153067,88],{"class":74},[60,153069,5916],{"class":357},[60,153071,88],{"class":74},[60,153073,4516],{"class":357},[60,153075,88],{"class":74},[60,153077,7702],{"class":357},[60,153079,88],{"class":74},[60,153081,4516],{"class":357},[60,153083,133],{"class":74},[60,153085,153086],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153087,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,153089,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153091,140],{"class":139},[60,153093,124],{"class":74},[60,153095,5268],{"class":120},[60,153097,117],{"class":74},[60,153099,35732],{"class":120},[60,153101,124],{"class":74},[60,153103,2056],{"class":357},[60,153105,5271],{"class":74},[60,153107,153108],{"class":177},"        # 0\n",[60,153110,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153112,140],{"class":139},[60,153114,124],{"class":74},[60,153116,5268],{"class":120},[60,153118,117],{"class":74},[60,153120,35732],{"class":120},[60,153122,124],{"class":74},[60,153124,2056],{"class":357},[60,153126,88],{"class":74},[60,153128,5408],{"class":357},[60,153130,5271],{"class":74},[60,153132,50838],{"class":177},[60,153134,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,153136,140],{"class":139},[60,153138,124],{"class":74},[60,153140,5268],{"class":120},[60,153142,117],{"class":74},[60,153144,35732],{"class":120},[60,153146,124],{"class":74},[60,153148,2056],{"class":357},[60,153150,88],{"class":74},[60,153152,368],{"class":357},[60,153154,88],{"class":74},[60,153156,4516],{"class":357},[60,153158,5271],{"class":74},[60,153160,50821],{"class":177},[337,153162,153164],{"id":153163},"how-it-works","How it works",[260,153166,153167,153172,153177],{},[263,153168,153169,153171],{},[15,153170,35959],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[263,153173,153174,153176],{},[15,153175,52547],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[263,153178,1900,153179,153181],{},[15,153180,52547],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153183,2127],{},[51,153185,153187],{"className":53,"code":153186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153188,153189,153217,153221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153190,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153192,3736],{"class":66},[60,153194,71],{"class":70},[60,153196,9144],{"class":74},[60,153198,2056],{"class":357},[60,153200,88],{"class":74},[60,153202,5916],{"class":357},[60,153204,88],{"class":74},[60,153206,4516],{"class":357},[60,153208,88],{"class":74},[60,153210,7702],{"class":357},[60,153212,88],{"class":74},[60,153214,4516],{"class":357},[60,153216,133],{"class":74},[60,153218,153219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153220,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153224,140],{"class":139},[60,153226,124],{"class":74},[60,153228,5268],{"class":120},[60,153230,117],{"class":74},[60,153232,35732],{"class":120},[60,153234,124],{"class":74},[60,153236,2056],{"class":357},[60,153238,88],{"class":74},[60,153240,5408],{"class":357},[60,153242,88],{"class":74},[60,153244,373],{"class":357},[60,153246,1691],{"class":74},[20,153248,404],{},[51,153250,153251],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,153252,153253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153254,153255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153256,16947],{"class":357},[20,153258,153259,153260,36,153262,16963,153264,153266,153267,117],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153261,358],{},[15,153263,1303],{},[15,153265,389],{},", but not ",[15,153268,2421],{},[46,153270,153272],{"id":153271},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153274,153275,153276,258],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153277,148942],{},[260,153279,153280,153288,153293,153300],{},[263,153281,153282,153283,153285,153286],{},"Do not confuse the ",[41,153284,315],{}," with the ",[41,153287,35732],{},[263,153289,153290,153291],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153292,2039],{},[263,153294,243,153295,153299],{},[30,153296,148968,153297,1818],{"href":149020},[15,153298,57176],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[263,153301,153302,153303,153305],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153304,152832],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153307,153308],{},"Example of value vs index:",[51,153310,153312],{"className":53,"code":153311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153313,153314,153346,153350,153374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153315,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153317,852],{"class":66},[60,153319,71],{"class":70},[60,153321,9144],{"class":74},[60,153323,79],{"class":78},[60,153325,495],{"class":82},[60,153327,79],{"class":78},[60,153329,88],{"class":74},[60,153331,91],{"class":78},[60,153333,504],{"class":82},[60,153335,79],{"class":78},[60,153337,88],{"class":74},[60,153339,91],{"class":78},[60,153341,528],{"class":82},[60,153343,79],{"class":78},[60,153345,133],{"class":74},[60,153347,153348],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153349,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,153351,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153353,140],{"class":139},[60,153355,124],{"class":74},[60,153357,913],{"class":120},[60,153359,117],{"class":74},[60,153361,35732],{"class":120},[60,153363,124],{"class":74},[60,153365,79],{"class":78},[60,153367,504],{"class":82},[60,153369,79],{"class":78},[60,153371,5271],{"class":74},[60,153373,27665],{"class":177},[60,153375,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153377,140],{"class":139},[60,153379,124],{"class":74},[60,153381,913],{"class":120},[60,153383,3812],{"class":74},[60,153385,358],{"class":357},[60,153387,20335],{"class":74},[60,153389,153390],{"class":177},"               # banana\n",[20,153392,2098],{},[260,153394,153395,153399],{},[263,153396,153397,15138],{},[15,153398,65162],{},[263,153400,153401,153403],{},[15,153402,358],{}," is the index",[46,153405,1245],{"id":1244},[20,153407,105866,153408,258],{},[15,153409,148942],{},[260,153411,153412,153415,153420,153425,153432],{},[263,153413,153414],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[263,153416,1254,153417,153419],{},[15,153418,58854],{}," to return all matching positions",[263,153421,153422,153423],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153424,2039],{},[263,153426,153427,153428,1776,153430],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153429,35959],{},[15,153431,52547],{},[263,153433,1391,153434,153436],{},[15,153435,148942],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[337,153438,60597],{"id":60596},[20,153440,94268],{},[51,153442,153444],{"className":53,"code":153443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153445,153446,153456,153470,153485,153503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153447,153448,153450,153452,153454],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153449,140],{"class":139},[60,153451,124],{"class":74},[60,153453,147755],{"class":120},[60,153455,133],{"class":74},[60,153457,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153459,140],{"class":139},[60,153461,124],{"class":74},[60,153463,11064],{"class":139},[60,153465,124],{"class":74},[60,153467,147755],{"class":120},[60,153469,1691],{"class":74},[60,153471,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153483],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153473,140],{"class":139},[60,153475,124],{"class":74},[60,153477,1700],{"class":120},[60,153479,1703],{"class":1153},[60,153481,153482],{"class":120}," my_tuple",[60,153484,133],{"class":74},[60,153486,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153488,140],{"class":139},[60,153490,124],{"class":74},[60,153492,147755],{"class":120},[60,153494,117],{"class":74},[60,153496,41144],{"class":120},[60,153498,124],{"class":74},[60,153500,315],{"class":120},[60,153502,1691],{"class":74},[60,153504,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,153506,140],{"class":139},[60,153508,124],{"class":74},[60,153510,147755],{"class":120},[60,153512,117],{"class":74},[60,153514,35732],{"class":120},[60,153516,124],{"class":74},[60,153518,315],{"class":120},[60,153520,1691],{"class":74},[20,153522,153523,153524,84285,153526,153528],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153525,40588],{},[15,153527,315],{}," is missing.",[20,153530,129372],{},[51,153532,153534],{"className":53,"code":153533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153535,153536,153548,153566,153572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153537,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153539,1154],{"class":1153},[60,153541,21473],{"class":66},[60,153543,1703],{"class":70},[60,153545,153482],{"class":66},[60,153547,1168],{"class":74},[60,153549,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153551,7981],{"class":139},[60,153553,124],{"class":74},[60,153555,147755],{"class":120},[60,153557,117],{"class":74},[60,153559,35732],{"class":120},[60,153561,124],{"class":74},[60,153563,315],{"class":120},[60,153565,1691],{"class":74},[60,153567,153568,153570],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153569,27319],{"class":1153},[60,153571,1168],{"class":74},[60,153573,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153575,7981],{"class":139},[60,153577,124],{"class":74},[60,153579,79],{"class":78},[60,153581,153007],{"class":82},[60,153583,79],{"class":78},[60,153585,133],{"class":74},[46,153587,1746],{"id":1745},[337,153589,1760,153591,1763],{"id":153590},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153592,148942],{},[20,153594,153595],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[337,153597,153599],{"id":153598},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153601,153602,152469],{},[15,153603,148942],{},[337,153605,148921],{"id":148920},[20,153607,76746,153608,117],{},[15,153609,40588],{},[337,153611,153613],{"id":153612},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153615,153616,153617,1776,153619,153621],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153618,35959],{},[15,153620,52547],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[337,153623,14794,153625,57091,153627,1779],{"id":153624},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153626,148942],{},[15,153628,64753],{},[20,153630,153631],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[46,153633,1808],{"id":1807},[260,153635,153636,153642,153646,153651,153655],{},[263,153637,153638],{},[30,153639,148968,153640,1818],{"href":149020},[15,153641,57176],{},[263,153643,153644],{},[30,153645,149410],{"href":152836},[263,153647,153648],{},[30,153649,153650],{"href":150716},"Creating a tuple in Python",[263,153652,153653],{},[30,153654,65727],{"href":65726},[263,153656,153657],{},[30,153658,150664],{"href":152474},[1841,153660,153661],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296,"children":153668},[153669],{"id":17285,"depth":136,"text":17286},{"id":635,"depth":111,"text":636},{"id":152811,"depth":111,"text":152812},{"id":65517,"depth":111,"text":65518},{"id":65294,"depth":111,"text":66077,"children":153674},[153675],{"id":153163,"depth":136,"text":153164},{"id":153271,"depth":111,"text":153272},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245,"children":153678},[153679],{"id":60596,"depth":136,"text":60597},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":153681},[153682,153684,153685,153686,153687],{"id":153590,"depth":136,"text":153683},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153598,"depth":136,"text":153599},{"id":148920,"depth":136,"text":148921},{"id":153612,"depth":136,"text":153613},{"id":153624,"depth":136,"text":153688},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152276,"description":153690},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153697,"title":153698,"body":153699,"description":155094,"extension":1883,"meta":155095,"navigation":152,"path":152836,"seo":155096,"stem":155097,"__hash__":155098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153700,"toc":155076},[153701,153704,153707,153710,153724,153726,153729,153823,153833,153839,153843,153846,153849,153851,153869,153871,153942,153944,153961,153965,153969,153972,153989,153992,154007,154009,154100,154103,154107,154110,154127,154129,154224,154227,154230,154234,154237,154331,154333,154352,154355,154359,154362,154364,154419,154421,154456,154459,154473,154481,154574,154583,154587,154590,154597,154600,154647,154649,154657,154660,154711,154713,154730,154735,154739,154742,154745,154747,154798,154801,154856,154859,154862,154864,154867,154887,154889,154962,154965,154978,154980,154984,154989,154993,154998,155015,155019,155022,155039,155043,155046,155048,155073],[10,153702,153698],{"id":153703},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153705,153706],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153708,153709],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[260,153711,153712,153715,153718,153721],{},[263,153713,153714],{},"positive indexes",[263,153716,153717],{},"negative indexes",[263,153719,153720],{},"common indexing mistakes",[263,153722,153723],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[46,153725,3525],{"id":3524},[20,153727,153728],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[51,153730,153732],{"className":53,"code":153731,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153733,153734,153766,153770,153787,153804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153735,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153737,67],{"class":66},[60,153739,71],{"class":70},[60,153741,9144],{"class":74},[60,153743,79],{"class":78},[60,153745,83],{"class":82},[60,153747,79],{"class":78},[60,153749,88],{"class":74},[60,153751,91],{"class":78},[60,153753,103],{"class":82},[60,153755,79],{"class":78},[60,153757,88],{"class":74},[60,153759,91],{"class":78},[60,153761,94],{"class":82},[60,153763,79],{"class":78},[60,153765,133],{"class":74},[60,153767,153768],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153769,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153773,140],{"class":139},[60,153775,124],{"class":74},[60,153777,114],{"class":120},[60,153779,3812],{"class":74},[60,153781,2039],{"class":357},[60,153783,20335],{"class":74},[60,153785,153786],{"class":177},"   # red\n",[60,153788,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153790,140],{"class":139},[60,153792,124],{"class":74},[60,153794,114],{"class":120},[60,153796,3812],{"class":74},[60,153798,358],{"class":357},[60,153800,20335],{"class":74},[60,153802,153803],{"class":177},"   # green\n",[60,153805,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,153807,140],{"class":139},[60,153809,124],{"class":74},[60,153811,114],{"class":120},[60,153813,3812],{"class":74},[60,153815,1942],{"class":70},[60,153817,358],{"class":357},[60,153819,20335],{"class":74},[60,153821,153822],{"class":177},"  # blue\n",[260,153824,153825,153830],{},[263,153826,132161,153827,153829],{},[15,153828,2039],{}," is the first item.",[263,153831,153832],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153834,153835,153836,117],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[30,153837,153838],{"href":147740},"how to create a tuple in Python",[46,153840,153842],{"id":153841},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153844,153845],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153847,153848],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153850,11358],{},[260,153852,153853,153856,153863,153866],{},[263,153854,153855],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[263,153857,153858,153859,18853,153861],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153860,2039],{},[15,153862,358],{},[263,153864,153865],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[263,153867,153868],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153870,2127],{},[51,153872,153874],{"className":53,"code":153873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153875,153876,153896,153900,153914,153928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153877,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153879,350],{"class":66},[60,153881,71],{"class":70},[60,153883,9144],{"class":74},[60,153885,2250],{"class":357},[60,153887,88],{"class":74},[60,153889,7702],{"class":357},[60,153891,88],{"class":74},[60,153893,7707],{"class":357},[60,153895,133],{"class":74},[60,153897,153898],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153899,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,153901,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153903,140],{"class":139},[60,153905,124],{"class":74},[60,153907,380],{"class":120},[60,153909,3812],{"class":74},[60,153911,2039],{"class":357},[60,153913,1646],{"class":74},[60,153915,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,153917,140],{"class":139},[60,153919,124],{"class":74},[60,153921,380],{"class":120},[60,153923,3812],{"class":74},[60,153925,358],{"class":357},[60,153927,1646],{"class":74},[60,153929,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,153931,140],{"class":139},[60,153933,124],{"class":74},[60,153935,380],{"class":120},[60,153937,3812],{"class":74},[60,153939,1303],{"class":357},[60,153941,1646],{"class":74},[20,153943,404],{},[51,153945,153947],{"className":53,"code":153946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153948,153949,153953,153957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153950,153951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153952,2296],{"class":357},[60,153954,153955],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153956,71112],{"class":357},[60,153958,153959],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,153960,69728],{"class":357},[20,153962,59279,153963,117],{},[30,153964,147737],{"href":147736},[46,153966,153968],{"id":153967},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153970,153971],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[260,153973,153974,153979,153984],{},[263,153975,153976,153978],{},[15,153977,2039],{}," = first item",[263,153980,153981,153983],{},[15,153982,358],{}," = second item",[263,153985,153986,153988],{},[15,153987,1303],{}," = third item",[20,153990,153991],{},"Pattern:",[51,153993,153995],{"className":53,"code":153994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153996,153997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153998,153999,154001,154003,154005],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154000,152492],{"class":66},[60,154002,3812],{"class":74},[60,154004,35732],{"class":66},[60,154006,1525],{"class":74},[20,154008,2127],{},[51,154010,154012],{"className":53,"code":154011,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154013,154014,154046,154050,154067,154083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154015,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154017,852],{"class":66},[60,154019,71],{"class":70},[60,154021,9144],{"class":74},[60,154023,79],{"class":78},[60,154025,495],{"class":82},[60,154027,79],{"class":78},[60,154029,88],{"class":74},[60,154031,91],{"class":78},[60,154033,504],{"class":82},[60,154035,79],{"class":78},[60,154037,88],{"class":74},[60,154039,91],{"class":78},[60,154041,4008],{"class":82},[60,154043,79],{"class":78},[60,154045,133],{"class":74},[60,154047,154048],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154049,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154051,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154053,140],{"class":139},[60,154055,124],{"class":74},[60,154057,913],{"class":120},[60,154059,3812],{"class":74},[60,154061,2039],{"class":357},[60,154063,20335],{"class":74},[60,154065,154066],{"class":177},"  # apple\n",[60,154068,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,154070,140],{"class":139},[60,154072,124],{"class":74},[60,154074,913],{"class":120},[60,154076,3812],{"class":74},[60,154078,358],{"class":357},[60,154080,20335],{"class":74},[60,154082,51372],{"class":177},[60,154084,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,154086,140],{"class":139},[60,154088,124],{"class":74},[60,154090,913],{"class":120},[60,154092,3812],{"class":74},[60,154094,1303],{"class":357},[60,154096,20335],{"class":74},[60,154098,154099],{"class":177},"  # cherry\n",[20,154101,154102],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[46,154104,154106],{"id":154105},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154108,154109],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[260,154111,154112,154117,154122],{},[263,154113,154114,154116],{},[15,154115,65742],{}," = last item",[263,154118,154119,154121],{},[15,154120,95298],{}," = second-to-last item",[263,154123,154124,154126],{},[15,154125,47555],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154128,2127],{},[51,154130,154132],{"className":53,"code":154131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154133,154134,154166,154170,154188,154206],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154135,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154137,852],{"class":66},[60,154139,71],{"class":70},[60,154141,9144],{"class":74},[60,154143,79],{"class":78},[60,154145,495],{"class":82},[60,154147,79],{"class":78},[60,154149,88],{"class":74},[60,154151,91],{"class":78},[60,154153,504],{"class":82},[60,154155,79],{"class":78},[60,154157,88],{"class":74},[60,154159,91],{"class":78},[60,154161,4008],{"class":82},[60,154163,79],{"class":78},[60,154165,133],{"class":74},[60,154167,154168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154169,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154171,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154173,140],{"class":139},[60,154175,124],{"class":74},[60,154177,913],{"class":120},[60,154179,3812],{"class":74},[60,154181,1942],{"class":70},[60,154183,358],{"class":357},[60,154185,20335],{"class":74},[60,154187,154099],{"class":177},[60,154189,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,154191,140],{"class":139},[60,154193,124],{"class":74},[60,154195,913],{"class":120},[60,154197,3812],{"class":74},[60,154199,1942],{"class":70},[60,154201,1303],{"class":357},[60,154203,20335],{"class":74},[60,154205,51372],{"class":177},[60,154207,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,154209,140],{"class":139},[60,154211,124],{"class":74},[60,154213,913],{"class":120},[60,154215,3812],{"class":74},[60,154217,1942],{"class":70},[60,154219,389],{"class":357},[60,154221,20335],{"class":74},[60,154223,154066],{"class":177},[20,154225,154226],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154228,154229],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[46,154231,154233],{"id":154232},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154235,154236],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[51,154238,154240],{"className":53,"code":154239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154241,154242,154274,154278,154295,154312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154243,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154245,4905],{"class":66},[60,154247,71],{"class":70},[60,154249,9144],{"class":74},[60,154251,79],{"class":78},[60,154253,12774],{"class":82},[60,154255,79],{"class":78},[60,154257,88],{"class":74},[60,154259,91],{"class":78},[60,154261,35827],{"class":82},[60,154263,79],{"class":78},[60,154265,88],{"class":74},[60,154267,91],{"class":78},[60,154269,35836],{"class":82},[60,154271,79],{"class":78},[60,154273,133],{"class":74},[60,154275,154276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154277,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154281,140],{"class":139},[60,154283,124],{"class":74},[60,154285,4949],{"class":120},[60,154287,3812],{"class":74},[60,154289,2039],{"class":357},[60,154291,20335],{"class":74},[60,154293,154294],{"class":177},"   # first item\n",[60,154296,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,154298,140],{"class":139},[60,154300,124],{"class":74},[60,154302,4949],{"class":120},[60,154304,3812],{"class":74},[60,154306,358],{"class":357},[60,154308,20335],{"class":74},[60,154310,154311],{"class":177},"   # middle item\n",[60,154313,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,154315,140],{"class":139},[60,154317,124],{"class":74},[60,154319,4949],{"class":120},[60,154321,3812],{"class":74},[60,154323,1942],{"class":70},[60,154325,358],{"class":357},[60,154327,20335],{"class":74},[60,154329,154330],{"class":177},"  # last item\n",[20,154332,404],{},[51,154334,154336],{"className":53,"code":154335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154337,154338,154342,154347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154339,154340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154341,49925],{"class":66},[60,154343,154344],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154345,154346],{"class":66},"Ben\n",[60,154348,154349],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154350,154351],{"class":66},"Cara\n",[20,154353,154354],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[46,154356,154358],{"id":154357},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154360,154361],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154363,2127],{},[51,154365,154367],{"className":53,"code":154366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154368,154369,154401,154405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154370,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154372,1411],{"class":66},[60,154374,71],{"class":70},[60,154376,9144],{"class":74},[60,154378,79],{"class":78},[60,154380,30],{"class":82},[60,154382,79],{"class":78},[60,154384,88],{"class":74},[60,154386,91],{"class":78},[60,154388,1428],{"class":82},[60,154390,79],{"class":78},[60,154392,88],{"class":74},[60,154394,91],{"class":78},[60,154396,1437],{"class":82},[60,154398,79],{"class":78},[60,154400,133],{"class":74},[60,154402,154403],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154404,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154406,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154408,140],{"class":139},[60,154410,124],{"class":74},[60,154412,1446],{"class":120},[60,154414,3812],{"class":74},[60,154416,2056],{"class":357},[60,154418,1646],{"class":74},[20,154420,404],{},[51,154422,154424],{"className":53,"code":154423,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154425,154426,154438,154443],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154427,154428,154431,154433,154436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154429,154430],{"class":120},"Traceback ",[60,154432,124],{"class":74},[60,154434,154435],{"class":120},"most recent call last",[60,154437,8255],{"class":74},[60,154439,154440],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154441,154442],{"class":34338},"  ...\n",[60,154444,154445,154447,154449,154451,154454],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154446,70619],{"class":1683},[60,154448,258],{"class":74},[60,154450,149103],{"class":1683},[60,154452,154453],{"class":66}," index out of ",[60,154455,70811],{"class":139},[20,154457,154458],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[260,154460,154461,154465,154469],{},[263,154462,154463],{},[15,154464,2039],{},[263,154466,154467],{},[15,154468,358],{},[263,154470,154471],{},[15,154472,1303],{},[20,154474,154475,154476,117],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[30,154477,154478,154480],{"href":148975},[15,154479,42245],{}," on a tuple",[51,154482,154484],{"className":53,"code":154483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154485,154486,154518,154522,154538,154542,154560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154487,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154489,1411],{"class":66},[60,154491,71],{"class":70},[60,154493,9144],{"class":74},[60,154495,79],{"class":78},[60,154497,30],{"class":82},[60,154499,79],{"class":78},[60,154501,88],{"class":74},[60,154503,91],{"class":78},[60,154505,1428],{"class":82},[60,154507,79],{"class":78},[60,154509,88],{"class":74},[60,154511,91],{"class":78},[60,154513,1437],{"class":82},[60,154515,79],{"class":78},[60,154517,133],{"class":74},[60,154519,154520],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154521,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154523,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154525,140],{"class":139},[60,154527,124],{"class":74},[60,154529,11064],{"class":139},[60,154531,124],{"class":74},[60,154533,1446],{"class":120},[60,154535,5271],{"class":74},[60,154537,50656],{"class":177},[60,154539,154540],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,154541,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154543,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,154545,1154],{"class":1153},[60,154547,38270],{"class":139},[60,154549,124],{"class":74},[60,154551,1446],{"class":120},[60,154553,174],{"class":74},[60,154555,38280],{"class":70},[60,154557,363],{"class":357},[60,154559,1168],{"class":74},[60,154561,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,154563,7981],{"class":139},[60,154565,124],{"class":74},[60,154567,1446],{"class":120},[60,154569,3812],{"class":74},[60,154571,1303],{"class":357},[60,154573,1646],{"class":74},[20,154575,154576,154577,117],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[30,154578,25565,154580],{"href":154579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154581,154582],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[46,154584,154586],{"id":154585},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154588,154589],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[260,154591,154592,154594],{},[263,154593,76763],{},[263,154595,154596],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154598,154599],{},"Indexing example:",[51,154601,154603],{"className":53,"code":154602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154604,154605,154629,154633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154606,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154608,350],{"class":66},[60,154610,71],{"class":70},[60,154612,9144],{"class":74},[60,154614,2250],{"class":357},[60,154616,88],{"class":74},[60,154618,7702],{"class":357},[60,154620,88],{"class":74},[60,154622,7707],{"class":357},[60,154624,88],{"class":74},[60,154626,50729],{"class":357},[60,154628,133],{"class":74},[60,154630,154631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154632,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154634,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154636,140],{"class":139},[60,154638,124],{"class":74},[60,154640,380],{"class":120},[60,154642,3812],{"class":74},[60,154644,358],{"class":357},[60,154646,1646],{"class":74},[20,154648,404],{},[51,154650,154651],{"className":53,"code":71112,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,154652,154653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154654,154655],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154656,71112],{"class":357},[20,154658,154659],{},"Slicing example:",[51,154661,154663],{"className":53,"code":154662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154664,154665,154689,154693],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154666,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154668,350],{"class":66},[60,154670,71],{"class":70},[60,154672,9144],{"class":74},[60,154674,2250],{"class":357},[60,154676,88],{"class":74},[60,154678,7702],{"class":357},[60,154680,88],{"class":74},[60,154682,7707],{"class":357},[60,154684,88],{"class":74},[60,154686,50729],{"class":357},[60,154688,133],{"class":74},[60,154690,154691],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154692,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707,154709],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154696,140],{"class":139},[60,154698,124],{"class":74},[60,154700,380],{"class":120},[60,154702,3812],{"class":74},[60,154704,358],{"class":357},[60,154706,258],{"class":74},[60,154708,389],{"class":357},[60,154710,1646],{"class":74},[20,154712,404],{},[51,154714,154716],{"className":53,"code":154715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154717,154718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154719,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154721,124],{"class":74},[60,154723,15645],{"class":357},[60,154725,88],{"class":74},[60,154727,7707],{"class":357},[60,154729,133],{"class":74},[20,154731,154732,154733,117],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[30,154734,150654],{"href":150653},[46,154736,154738],{"id":154737},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154740,154741],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154743,154744],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154746,6599],{},[51,154748,154750],{"className":53,"code":154749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154751,154752,154784],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154753,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154755,67],{"class":66},[60,154757,71],{"class":70},[60,154759,9144],{"class":74},[60,154761,79],{"class":78},[60,154763,83],{"class":82},[60,154765,79],{"class":78},[60,154767,88],{"class":74},[60,154769,91],{"class":78},[60,154771,103],{"class":82},[60,154773,79],{"class":78},[60,154775,88],{"class":74},[60,154777,91],{"class":78},[60,154779,94],{"class":82},[60,154781,79],{"class":78},[60,154783,133],{"class":74},[60,154785,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154787,140],{"class":139},[60,154789,124],{"class":74},[60,154791,114],{"class":120},[60,154793,3812],{"class":74},[60,154795,358],{"class":357},[60,154797,1646],{"class":74},[20,154799,154800],{},"But this does not work:",[51,154802,154804],{"className":53,"code":154803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154805,154806,154838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154807,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154809,67],{"class":66},[60,154811,71],{"class":70},[60,154813,9144],{"class":74},[60,154815,79],{"class":78},[60,154817,83],{"class":82},[60,154819,79],{"class":78},[60,154821,88],{"class":74},[60,154823,91],{"class":78},[60,154825,103],{"class":82},[60,154827,79],{"class":78},[60,154829,88],{"class":74},[60,154831,91],{"class":78},[60,154833,94],{"class":82},[60,154835,79],{"class":78},[60,154837,133],{"class":74},[60,154839,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154841,114],{"class":66},[60,154843,3812],{"class":74},[60,154845,358],{"class":357},[60,154847,13164],{"class":74},[60,154849,13167],{"class":70},[60,154851,91],{"class":78},[60,154853,169],{"class":82},[60,154855,3273],{"class":78},[20,154857,154858],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154860,154861],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[46,154863,1245],{"id":1244},[20,154865,154866],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[260,154868,154869,154875,154878,154881],{},[263,154870,132465,154871,10994,154873],{},[15,154872,358],{},[15,154874,2039],{},[263,154876,154877],{},"Using an index that is too large",[263,154879,154880],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[263,154882,154883,154884],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154885,154886],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154888,62182],{},[51,154890,154892],{"className":53,"code":154891,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154893,154894,154904,154918,154932,154948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154895,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154897,140],{"class":139},[60,154899,124],{"class":74},[60,154901,147755],{"class":120},[60,154903,133],{"class":74},[60,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154907,140],{"class":139},[60,154909,124],{"class":74},[60,154911,11064],{"class":139},[60,154913,124],{"class":74},[60,154915,147755],{"class":120},[60,154917,1691],{"class":74},[60,154919,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,154921,140],{"class":139},[60,154923,124],{"class":74},[60,154925,147755],{"class":120},[60,154927,3812],{"class":74},[60,154929,2039],{"class":357},[60,154931,1646],{"class":74},[60,154933,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,154935,140],{"class":139},[60,154937,124],{"class":74},[60,154939,147755],{"class":120},[60,154941,3812],{"class":74},[60,154943,1942],{"class":70},[60,154945,358],{"class":357},[60,154947,1646],{"class":74},[60,154949,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,154951,140],{"class":139},[60,154953,124],{"class":74},[60,154955,1684],{"class":1683},[60,154957,124],{"class":74},[60,154959,147755],{"class":120},[60,154961,1691],{"class":74},[20,154963,154964],{},"These can help you confirm:",[260,154966,154967,154970,154972,154975],{},[263,154968,154969],{},"what the tuple contains",[263,154971,60671],{},[263,154973,154974],{},"what the first and last items are",[263,154976,154977],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[46,154979,1746],{"id":1745},[337,154981,154983],{"id":154982},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154985,154986,154987,117],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154988,2039],{},[337,154990,154992],{"id":154991},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154994,243,154995,154997],{},[15,154996,65742],{}," as the index:",[51,154999,155001],{"className":53,"code":155000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155002,155003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155004,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155006,147755],{"class":66},[60,155008,3812],{"class":74},[60,155010,1942],{"class":70},[60,155012,358],{"class":357},[60,155014,1525],{"class":74},[337,155016,155018],{"id":155017},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155020,155021],{},"Python raises:",[51,155023,155025],{"className":53,"code":155024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155026,155027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155028,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155030,70619],{"class":1683},[60,155032,258],{"class":74},[60,155034,149103],{"class":1683},[60,155036,154453],{"class":66},[60,155038,70811],{"class":139},[337,155040,155042],{"id":155041},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155044,155045],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[46,155047,1808],{"id":1807},[260,155049,155050,155055,155059,155063,155069],{},[263,155051,155052],{},[30,155053,155054],{"href":147740},"How to create a tuple in Python",[263,155056,155057],{},[30,155058,150654],{"href":150653},[263,155060,155061],{},[30,155062,150659],{"href":148975},[263,155064,155065],{},[30,155066,26008,155067],{"href":154579},[15,155068,154582],{},[263,155070,155071],{},[30,155072,147737],{"href":147736},[1841,155074,155075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":155077},[155078,155079,155080,155081,155082,155083,155084,155085,155086,155087,155093],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":153841,"depth":111,"text":153842},{"id":153967,"depth":111,"text":153968},{"id":154105,"depth":111,"text":154106},{"id":154232,"depth":111,"text":154233},{"id":154357,"depth":111,"text":154358},{"id":154585,"depth":111,"text":154586},{"id":154737,"depth":111,"text":154738},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":155088},[155089,155090,155091,155092],{"id":154982,"depth":136,"text":154983},{"id":154991,"depth":136,"text":154992},{"id":155017,"depth":136,"text":155018},{"id":155041,"depth":136,"text":155042},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153698,"description":155094},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155100,"title":155101,"body":155102,"description":156991,"extension":1883,"meta":156992,"navigation":152,"path":156993,"seo":156994,"stem":156995,"__hash__":156996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155103,"toc":156948},[155104,155110,155115,155166,155170,155178,155184,155186,155202,155204,155207,155222,155224,155237,155239,155296,155300,155308,155315,155321,155327,155331,155382,155386,155394,155398,155427,155431,155439,155443,155476,155480,155488,155492,155495,155546,155550,155558,155560,155577,155581,155585,155644,155648,155656,155659,155686,155690,155698,155702,155708,155783,155787,155824,155832,155836,155899,155903,155911,155916,155920,155926,155969,155973,155981,155987,155990,156037,156041,156049,156058,156064,156119,156123,156131,156134,156138,156140,156171,156175,156194,156197,156242,156246,156269,156275,156280,156282,156329,156334,156337,156385,156389,156397,156401,156406,156410,156460,156464,156479,156483,156541,156545,156560,156564,156635,156639,156648,156652,156731,156735,156757,156765,156767,156770,156795,156797,156850,156852,156869,156871,156875,156881,156886,156891,156895,156900,156904,156909,156915,156918,156920,156945],[10,155105,155107,155108,174],{"id":155106},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155109,11064],{},[20,155111,243,155112,155114],{},[15,155113,42245],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[51,155116,155118],{"className":53,"code":155117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155119,155120,155152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155121,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155123,67],{"class":66},[60,155125,71],{"class":70},[60,155127,9144],{"class":74},[60,155129,79],{"class":78},[60,155131,83],{"class":82},[60,155133,79],{"class":78},[60,155135,88],{"class":74},[60,155137,91],{"class":78},[60,155139,103],{"class":82},[60,155141,79],{"class":78},[60,155143,88],{"class":74},[60,155145,91],{"class":78},[60,155147,94],{"class":82},[60,155149,79],{"class":78},[60,155151,133],{"class":74},[60,155153,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155155,140],{"class":139},[60,155157,124],{"class":74},[60,155159,11064],{"class":139},[60,155161,124],{"class":74},[60,155163,114],{"class":120},[60,155165,1691],{"class":74},[20,155167,155168],{},[41,155169,404],{},[51,155171,155172],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155173,155174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155175,155176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155177,46501],{"class":357},[20,155179,243,155180,155183],{},[15,155181,155182],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[46,155185,15054],{"id":15053},[260,155187,155188,155193,155197,155200],{},[263,155189,4110,155190,155192],{},[15,155191,42245],{}," works with tuples",[263,155194,68146,155195,11600],{},[15,155196,42245],{},[263,155198,155199],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[263,155201,4430],{},[46,155203,296],{"id":295},[20,155205,155206],{},"Use this pattern:",[51,155208,155210],{"className":53,"code":155209,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155211,155212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155213,155214,155216,155218,155220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155215,11064],{"class":139},[60,155217,124],{"class":74},[60,155219,147755],{"class":120},[60,155221,133],{"class":74},[20,155223,11358],{},[260,155225,155226,155229,155232],{},[263,155227,155228],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[263,155230,155231],{},"The result is an integer",[263,155233,155234,155236],{},[15,155235,42245],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155238,2127],{},[51,155240,155242],{"className":53,"code":155241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155243,155244,155268,155282,155286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155245,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155247,350],{"class":66},[60,155249,71],{"class":70},[60,155251,9144],{"class":74},[60,155253,2250],{"class":357},[60,155255,88],{"class":74},[60,155257,7702],{"class":357},[60,155259,88],{"class":74},[60,155261,7707],{"class":357},[60,155263,88],{"class":74},[60,155265,50729],{"class":357},[60,155267,133],{"class":74},[60,155269,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155271,41126],{"class":66},[60,155273,71],{"class":70},[60,155275,38270],{"class":139},[60,155277,124],{"class":74},[60,155279,380],{"class":120},[60,155281,133],{"class":74},[60,155283,155284],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,155285,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,155287,155288,155290,155292,155294],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,155289,140],{"class":139},[60,155291,124],{"class":74},[60,155293,41144],{"class":120},[60,155295,133],{"class":74},[20,155297,155298],{},[41,155299,404],{},[51,155301,155302],{"className":53,"code":48535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155303,155304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155305,155306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155307,48535],{"class":357},[20,155309,155310,155311,117],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[30,155312,3491,155313,3424],{"href":42242},[15,155314,42245],{},[46,155316,250,155318,155320],{"id":155317},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155319,42245],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155322,155323,155324,155326],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155325,42245],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[337,155328,155330],{"id":155329},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[51,155332,155334],{"className":53,"code":155333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155335,155336,155368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155337,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155339,852],{"class":66},[60,155341,71],{"class":70},[60,155343,9144],{"class":74},[60,155345,79],{"class":78},[60,155347,495],{"class":82},[60,155349,79],{"class":78},[60,155351,88],{"class":74},[60,155353,91],{"class":78},[60,155355,504],{"class":82},[60,155357,79],{"class":78},[60,155359,88],{"class":74},[60,155361,91],{"class":78},[60,155363,528],{"class":82},[60,155365,79],{"class":78},[60,155367,133],{"class":74},[60,155369,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155371,140],{"class":139},[60,155373,124],{"class":74},[60,155375,11064],{"class":139},[60,155377,124],{"class":74},[60,155379,913],{"class":120},[60,155381,1691],{"class":74},[20,155383,155384],{},[41,155385,404],{},[51,155387,155388],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155389,155390],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155391,155392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155393,46501],{"class":357},[337,155395,155397],{"id":155396},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[51,155399,155401],{"className":53,"code":155400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155402,155403,155412],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155404,155405,155408,155410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155406,155407],{"class":66},"empty_tuple ",[60,155409,71],{"class":70},[60,155411,149079],{"class":74},[60,155413,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155415,140],{"class":139},[60,155417,124],{"class":74},[60,155419,11064],{"class":139},[60,155421,124],{"class":74},[60,155423,155424],{"class":120},"empty_tuple",[60,155426,1691],{"class":74},[20,155428,155429],{},[41,155430,404],{},[51,155432,155433],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155434,155435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155436,155437],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155438,47136],{"class":357},[337,155440,155442],{"id":155441},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[51,155444,155446],{"className":53,"code":155445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155447,155448,155461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155449,155450,155453,155455,155457,155459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155451,155452],{"class":66},"single_value ",[60,155454,71],{"class":70},[60,155456,9144],{"class":74},[60,155458,2056],{"class":357},[60,155460,149093],{"class":74},[60,155462,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155474],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155464,140],{"class":139},[60,155466,124],{"class":74},[60,155468,11064],{"class":139},[60,155470,124],{"class":74},[60,155472,155473],{"class":120},"single_value",[60,155475,1691],{"class":74},[20,155477,155478],{},[41,155479,404],{},[51,155481,155482],{"className":53,"code":46801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155483,155484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155485,155486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155487,46801],{"class":357},[337,155489,155491],{"id":155490},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155493,155494],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[51,155496,155498],{"className":53,"code":155497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155499,155500,155532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155501,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155503,1613],{"class":66},[60,155505,71],{"class":70},[60,155507,9144],{"class":74},[60,155509,358],{"class":357},[60,155511,88],{"class":74},[60,155513,9144],{"class":74},[60,155515,1303],{"class":357},[60,155517,88],{"class":74},[60,155519,368],{"class":357},[60,155521,9141],{"class":74},[60,155523,1512],{"class":74},[60,155525,2421],{"class":357},[60,155527,88],{"class":74},[60,155529,4516],{"class":357},[60,155531,1646],{"class":74},[60,155533,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155544],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155535,140],{"class":139},[60,155537,124],{"class":74},[60,155539,11064],{"class":139},[60,155541,124],{"class":74},[60,155543,1634],{"class":120},[60,155545,1691],{"class":74},[20,155547,155548],{},[41,155549,404],{},[51,155551,155552],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155553,155554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155555,155556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155557,46501],{"class":357},[20,155559,19846],{},[260,155561,155562,155567,155572],{},[263,155563,155564,155566],{},[15,155565,358],{}," is one item",[263,155568,155569,155566],{},[15,155570,155571],{},"(2, 3)",[263,155573,155574,155566],{},[15,155575,155576],{},"[4, 5]",[46,155578,155580],{"id":155579},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[337,155582,155584],{"id":155583},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[51,155586,155588],{"className":53,"code":155587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155589,155590,155630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155591,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155593,67],{"class":66},[60,155595,71],{"class":70},[60,155597,9144],{"class":74},[60,155599,79],{"class":78},[60,155601,83],{"class":82},[60,155603,79],{"class":78},[60,155605,88],{"class":74},[60,155607,91],{"class":78},[60,155609,103],{"class":82},[60,155611,79],{"class":78},[60,155613,88],{"class":74},[60,155615,91],{"class":78},[60,155617,94],{"class":82},[60,155619,79],{"class":78},[60,155621,88],{"class":74},[60,155623,91],{"class":78},[60,155625,169],{"class":82},[60,155627,79],{"class":78},[60,155629,133],{"class":74},[60,155631,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155633,140],{"class":139},[60,155635,124],{"class":74},[60,155637,11064],{"class":139},[60,155639,124],{"class":74},[60,155641,114],{"class":120},[60,155643,1691],{"class":74},[20,155645,155646],{},[41,155647,404],{},[51,155649,155650],{"className":53,"code":48535,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155651,155652],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155653,155654],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155655,48535],{"class":357},[337,155657,155397],{"id":155658},"empty-tuple-1",[51,155660,155662],{"className":53,"code":155661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155663,155664,155672],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155665,155666,155668,155670],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155667,486],{"class":66},[60,155669,71],{"class":70},[60,155671,149079],{"class":74},[60,155673,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155675,140],{"class":139},[60,155677,124],{"class":74},[60,155679,11064],{"class":139},[60,155681,124],{"class":74},[60,155683,517],{"class":120},[60,155685,1691],{"class":74},[20,155687,155688],{},[41,155689,404],{},[51,155691,155692],{"className":53,"code":47136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155693,155694],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155695,155696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155697,47136],{"class":357},[337,155699,155701],{"id":155700},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155703,155704,155705,155707],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[41,155706,43],{}," always a tuple.",[51,155709,155711],{"className":53,"code":155710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155712,155713,155725,155737,155741,155755,155769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155714,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155716,2471],{"class":66},[60,155718,71],{"class":70},[60,155720,9144],{"class":74},[60,155722,2056],{"class":357},[60,155724,133],{"class":74},[60,155726,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155728,2499],{"class":66},[60,155730,71],{"class":70},[60,155732,9144],{"class":74},[60,155734,2056],{"class":357},[60,155736,149093],{"class":74},[60,155738,155739],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,155740,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,155742,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,155744,140],{"class":139},[60,155746,124],{"class":74},[60,155748,1684],{"class":1683},[60,155750,124],{"class":74},[60,155752,30],{"class":120},[60,155754,1691],{"class":74},[60,155756,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,155758,140],{"class":139},[60,155760,124],{"class":74},[60,155762,1684],{"class":1683},[60,155764,124],{"class":74},[60,155766,1428],{"class":120},[60,155768,1691],{"class":74},[60,155770,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,155772,140],{"class":139},[60,155774,124],{"class":74},[60,155776,11064],{"class":139},[60,155778,124],{"class":74},[60,155780,1428],{"class":120},[60,155782,1691],{"class":74},[20,155784,155785],{},[41,155786,404],{},[51,155788,155790],{"className":53,"code":155789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155791,155792,155806,155820],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155793,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155795,3205],{"class":70},[60,155797,3208],{"class":1984},[60,155799,214],{"class":78},[60,155801,2108],{"class":82},[60,155803,205],{"class":78},[60,155805,3217],{"class":70},[60,155807,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155809,3205],{"class":70},[60,155811,3208],{"class":1984},[60,155813,214],{"class":78},[60,155815,48838],{"class":82},[60,155817,205],{"class":78},[60,155819,3217],{"class":70},[60,155821,155822],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,155823,46801],{"class":357},[20,155825,155826,155827,1776,155830,117],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[30,155828,155829],{"href":147740},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[30,155831,149041],{"href":149040},[337,155833,155835],{"id":155834},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[51,155837,155839],{"className":53,"code":155838,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155840,155841,155885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155842,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155844,59359],{"class":66},[60,155846,71],{"class":70},[60,155848,9144],{"class":74},[60,155850,79],{"class":78},[60,155852,495],{"class":82},[60,155854,79],{"class":78},[60,155856,88],{"class":74},[60,155858,1512],{"class":74},[60,155860,358],{"class":357},[60,155862,88],{"class":74},[60,155864,363],{"class":357},[60,155866,17952],{"class":74},[60,155868,9144],{"class":74},[60,155870,79],{"class":78},[60,155872,2093],{"class":82},[60,155874,79],{"class":78},[60,155876,88],{"class":74},[60,155878,91],{"class":78},[60,155880,11640],{"class":82},[60,155882,79],{"class":78},[60,155884,1691],{"class":74},[60,155886,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155888,140],{"class":139},[60,155890,124],{"class":74},[60,155892,11064],{"class":139},[60,155894,124],{"class":74},[60,155896,59412],{"class":120},[60,155898,1691],{"class":74},[20,155900,155901],{},[41,155902,404],{},[51,155904,155905],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155906,155907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155908,155909],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155910,46501],{"class":357},[20,155912,155913,155915],{},[15,155914,42245],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[46,155917,155919],{"id":155918},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[337,155921,155923,155925],{"id":155922},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155924,42245],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[51,155927,155929],{"className":53,"code":155928,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155930,155931,155955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155932,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155934,3983],{"class":66},[60,155936,71],{"class":70},[60,155938,9144],{"class":74},[60,155940,79],{"class":78},[60,155942,63483],{"class":82},[60,155944,79],{"class":78},[60,155946,88],{"class":74},[60,155948,91],{"class":78},[60,155950,55],{"class":82},[60,155952,79],{"class":78},[60,155954,133],{"class":74},[60,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155958,140],{"class":139},[60,155960,124],{"class":74},[60,155962,11064],{"class":139},[60,155964,124],{"class":74},[60,155966,4025],{"class":120},[60,155968,1691],{"class":74},[20,155970,155971],{},[41,155972,404],{},[51,155974,155975],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155976,155977],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155978,155979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155980,16947],{"class":357},[20,155982,155983,155984,155986],{},"This result is ",[15,155985,1303],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155988,155989],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[51,155991,155993],{"className":53,"code":155992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155994,155995,156019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155996,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155998,3983],{"class":66},[60,156000,71],{"class":70},[60,156002,9144],{"class":74},[60,156004,79],{"class":78},[60,156006,63483],{"class":82},[60,156008,79],{"class":78},[60,156010,88],{"class":74},[60,156012,91],{"class":78},[60,156014,55],{"class":82},[60,156016,79],{"class":78},[60,156018,133],{"class":74},[60,156020,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156022,140],{"class":139},[60,156024,124],{"class":74},[60,156026,11064],{"class":139},[60,156028,124],{"class":74},[60,156030,4025],{"class":120},[60,156032,3812],{"class":74},[60,156034,2039],{"class":357},[60,156036,2913],{"class":74},[20,156038,156039],{},[41,156040,404],{},[51,156042,156043],{"className":53,"code":16947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156044,156045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156046,156047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156048,16947],{"class":357},[20,156050,20660,156051,156054,156055,117],{},[15,156052,156053],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156056,156057],{},"\"hi\"",[337,156059,156061,156063],{"id":156060},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156062,42245],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[51,156065,156067],{"className":53,"code":156066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156068,156069,156105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156072,3736],{"class":66},[60,156074,71],{"class":70},[60,156076,9901],{"class":74},[60,156078,358],{"class":357},[60,156080,88],{"class":74},[60,156082,363],{"class":357},[60,156084,9141],{"class":74},[60,156086,9144],{"class":74},[60,156088,389],{"class":357},[60,156090,88],{"class":74},[60,156092,373],{"class":357},[60,156094,9141],{"class":74},[60,156096,9144],{"class":74},[60,156098,2056],{"class":357},[60,156100,88],{"class":74},[60,156102,37527],{"class":357},[60,156104,1691],{"class":74},[60,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156108,140],{"class":139},[60,156110,124],{"class":74},[60,156112,11064],{"class":139},[60,156114,124],{"class":74},[60,156116,5268],{"class":120},[60,156118,1691],{"class":74},[20,156120,156121],{},[41,156122,404],{},[51,156124,156125],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156126,156127],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156128,156129],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156130,46501],{"class":357},[20,156132,156133],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[337,156135,156137],{"id":156136},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156139,25576],{},[51,156141,156143],{"className":53,"code":156142,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156144,156145,156157],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156148,1700],{"class":66},[60,156150,71],{"class":70},[60,156152,9144],{"class":74},[60,156154,2250],{"class":357},[60,156156,133],{"class":74},[60,156158,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156160,140],{"class":139},[60,156162,124],{"class":74},[60,156164,1684],{"class":1683},[60,156166,124],{"class":74},[60,156168,315],{"class":120},[60,156170,1691],{"class":74},[20,156172,156173],{},[41,156174,404],{},[51,156176,156178],{"className":53,"code":156177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156179,156180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156181,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156183,3205],{"class":70},[60,156185,3208],{"class":1984},[60,156187,214],{"class":78},[60,156189,2108],{"class":82},[60,156191,205],{"class":78},[60,156193,3217],{"class":70},[20,156195,156196],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[51,156198,156200],{"className":53,"code":156199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156201,156202,156214,156228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156203,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156205,1700],{"class":66},[60,156207,71],{"class":70},[60,156209,9144],{"class":74},[60,156211,2250],{"class":357},[60,156213,149093],{"class":74},[60,156215,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156217,140],{"class":139},[60,156219,124],{"class":74},[60,156221,1684],{"class":1683},[60,156223,124],{"class":74},[60,156225,315],{"class":120},[60,156227,1691],{"class":74},[60,156229,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156231,140],{"class":139},[60,156233,124],{"class":74},[60,156235,11064],{"class":139},[60,156237,124],{"class":74},[60,156239,315],{"class":120},[60,156241,1691],{"class":74},[20,156243,156244],{},[41,156245,404],{},[51,156247,156249],{"className":53,"code":156248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156250,156251,156265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156252,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156254,3205],{"class":70},[60,156256,3208],{"class":1984},[60,156258,214],{"class":78},[60,156260,48838],{"class":82},[60,156262,205],{"class":78},[60,156264,3217],{"class":70},[60,156266,156267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156268,46801],{"class":357},[337,156270,156272,156274],{"id":156271},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156273,11064],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156276,44314,156277,156279],{},[15,156278,11064],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156281,44345],{},[51,156283,156285],{"className":53,"code":156284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156286,156287,156295,156315],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156288,156289,156291,156293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156290,11064],{"class":139},[60,156292,13167],{"class":70},[60,156294,2504],{"class":357},[60,156296,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156298,350],{"class":66},[60,156300,71],{"class":70},[60,156302,9144],{"class":74},[60,156304,358],{"class":357},[60,156306,88],{"class":74},[60,156308,363],{"class":357},[60,156310,88],{"class":74},[60,156312,368],{"class":357},[60,156314,133],{"class":74},[60,156316,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156318,140],{"class":139},[60,156320,124],{"class":74},[60,156322,11064],{"class":139},[60,156324,124],{"class":74},[60,156326,380],{"class":120},[60,156328,1691],{"class":74},[20,156330,39538,156331,156333],{},[15,156332,11064],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156335,156336],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[51,156338,156340],{"className":53,"code":156339,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156341,156342,156351,156371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156343,156344,156347,156349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156345,156346],{"class":66},"length_value ",[60,156348,71],{"class":70},[60,156350,2504],{"class":357},[60,156352,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156354,350],{"class":66},[60,156356,71],{"class":70},[60,156358,9144],{"class":74},[60,156360,358],{"class":357},[60,156362,88],{"class":74},[60,156364,363],{"class":357},[60,156366,88],{"class":74},[60,156368,368],{"class":357},[60,156370,133],{"class":74},[60,156372,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156374,140],{"class":139},[60,156376,124],{"class":74},[60,156378,11064],{"class":139},[60,156380,124],{"class":74},[60,156382,380],{"class":120},[60,156384,1691],{"class":74},[20,156386,156387],{},[41,156388,404],{},[51,156390,156391],{"className":53,"code":46501,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156392,156393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156394,156395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156396,46501],{"class":357},[46,156398,156400],{"id":156399},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156402,156403,156405],{},[15,156404,42245],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[337,156407,156409],{"id":156408},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[51,156411,156413],{"className":53,"code":156412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156414,156415,156423,156427,156445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156416,156417,156419,156421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156418,486],{"class":66},[60,156420,71],{"class":70},[60,156422,149079],{"class":74},[60,156424,156425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156426,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,156428,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156430,1154],{"class":1153},[60,156432,38270],{"class":139},[60,156434,124],{"class":74},[60,156436,517],{"class":120},[60,156438,174],{"class":74},[60,156440,6319],{"class":70},[60,156442,3747],{"class":357},[60,156444,1168],{"class":74},[60,156446,156447,156449,156451,156453,156456,156458],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,156448,7981],{"class":139},[60,156450,124],{"class":74},[60,156452,79],{"class":78},[60,156454,156455],{"class":82},"The tuple is empty",[60,156457,79],{"class":78},[60,156459,133],{"class":74},[20,156461,156462],{},[41,156463,404],{},[51,156465,156467],{"className":53,"code":156466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156468,156469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156470,156471,156473,156475,156477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156472,1900],{"class":66},[60,156474,48838],{"class":1683},[60,156476,8009],{"class":70},[60,156478,8015],{"class":66},[337,156480,156482],{"id":156481},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[51,156484,156486],{"className":53,"code":156485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156487,156488,156504,156508,156526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156489,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156491,51271],{"class":66},[60,156493,71],{"class":70},[60,156495,9144],{"class":74},[60,156497,2421],{"class":357},[60,156499,88],{"class":74},[60,156501,5905],{"class":357},[60,156503,133],{"class":74},[60,156505,156506],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156507,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,156509,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156511,1154],{"class":1153},[60,156513,38270],{"class":139},[60,156515,124],{"class":74},[60,156517,51296],{"class":120},[60,156519,174],{"class":74},[60,156521,6319],{"class":70},[60,156523,363],{"class":357},[60,156525,1168],{"class":74},[60,156527,156528,156530,156532,156534,156537,156539],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,156529,7981],{"class":139},[60,156531,124],{"class":74},[60,156533,79],{"class":78},[60,156535,156536],{"class":82},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[60,156538,79],{"class":78},[60,156540,133],{"class":74},[20,156542,156543],{},[41,156544,404],{},[51,156546,156548],{"className":53,"code":156547,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156549,156550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156551,156552,156555,156557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156553,156554],{"class":66},"This looks like an x",[60,156556,88],{"class":74},[60,156558,156559],{"class":66}," y coordinate\n",[337,156561,156563],{"id":156562},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[51,156565,156567],{"className":53,"code":156566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156568,156569,156598,156602,156620],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156570,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156594,156596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156572,11386],{"class":66},[60,156574,71],{"class":70},[60,156576,9144],{"class":74},[60,156578,79],{"class":78},[60,156580,12774],{"class":82},[60,156582,79],{"class":78},[60,156584,88],{"class":74},[60,156586,9213],{"class":357},[60,156588,88],{"class":74},[60,156590,91],{"class":78},[60,156592,156593],{"class":82},"Canada",[60,156595,79],{"class":78},[60,156597,133],{"class":74},[60,156599,156600],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156601,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,156603,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156605,1154],{"class":1153},[60,156607,38270],{"class":139},[60,156609,124],{"class":74},[60,156611,11479],{"class":120},[60,156613,174],{"class":74},[60,156615,6319],{"class":70},[60,156617,368],{"class":357},[60,156619,1168],{"class":74},[60,156621,156622,156624,156626,156628,156631,156633],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,156623,7981],{"class":139},[60,156625,124],{"class":74},[60,156627,79],{"class":78},[60,156629,156630],{"class":82},"User record has the expected number of values",[60,156632,79],{"class":78},[60,156634,133],{"class":74},[20,156636,156637],{},[41,156638,404],{},[51,156640,156642],{"className":53,"code":156641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156643,156644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156645,156646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156647,156641],{"class":66},[337,156649,156651],{"id":156650},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[51,156653,156655],{"className":53,"code":156654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156656,156657,156689,156693,156713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156658,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156660,1411],{"class":66},[60,156662,71],{"class":70},[60,156664,9144],{"class":74},[60,156666,79],{"class":78},[60,156668,30],{"class":82},[60,156670,79],{"class":78},[60,156672,88],{"class":74},[60,156674,91],{"class":78},[60,156676,1428],{"class":82},[60,156678,79],{"class":78},[60,156680,88],{"class":74},[60,156682,91],{"class":78},[60,156684,1437],{"class":82},[60,156686,79],{"class":78},[60,156688,133],{"class":74},[60,156690,156691],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156692,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,156694,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156696,5869],{"class":1153},[60,156698,69436],{"class":66},[60,156700,1703],{"class":1153},[60,156702,53956],{"class":139},[60,156704,124],{"class":74},[60,156706,11064],{"class":139},[60,156708,124],{"class":74},[60,156710,1446],{"class":120},[60,156712,69451],{"class":74},[60,156714,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,156716,7981],{"class":139},[60,156718,124],{"class":74},[60,156720,36039],{"class":120},[60,156722,88],{"class":74},[60,156724,69984],{"class":120},[60,156726,3812],{"class":74},[60,156728,36039],{"class":120},[60,156730,1646],{"class":74},[20,156732,156733],{},[41,156734,404],{},[51,156736,156737],{"className":53,"code":36051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156738,156739,156745,156751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156740,156741,156743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156742,2039],{"class":357},[60,156744,36060],{"class":66},[60,156746,156747,156749],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156748,358],{"class":357},[60,156750,36067],{"class":66},[60,156752,156753,156755],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156754,1303],{"class":357},[60,156756,36074],{"class":66},[20,156758,156759,156760,156762,156763,117],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[30,156761,149410],{"href":149409},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[30,156764,150654],{"href":150653},[46,156766,1245],{"id":1244},[20,156768,156769],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[260,156771,156772,156780,156787,156792],{},[263,156773,156774,156775,10994,156778],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156776,156777],{},"(5)",[15,156779,149244],{},[263,156781,8331,156782,156784,156785],{},[15,156783,11064],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156786,42245],{},[263,156788,1254,156789,156791],{},[15,156790,42245],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[263,156793,156794],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156796,31968],{},[51,156798,156800],{"className":53,"code":156799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156801,156802,156812,156826,156840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156803,156804,156806,156808,156810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156805,140],{"class":139},[60,156807,124],{"class":74},[60,156809,147755],{"class":120},[60,156811,133],{"class":74},[60,156813,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156815,140],{"class":139},[60,156817,124],{"class":74},[60,156819,1684],{"class":1683},[60,156821,124],{"class":74},[60,156823,147755],{"class":120},[60,156825,1691],{"class":74},[60,156827,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,156829,140],{"class":139},[60,156831,124],{"class":74},[60,156833,11064],{"class":139},[60,156835,124],{"class":74},[60,156837,147755],{"class":120},[60,156839,1691],{"class":74},[60,156841,156842,156844,156846,156848],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,156843,1713],{"class":139},[60,156845,124],{"class":74},[60,156847,11064],{"class":139},[60,156849,133],{"class":74},[20,156851,154964],{},[260,156853,156854,156857,156860,156864],{},[263,156855,156856],{},"what value you are using",[263,156858,156859],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[263,156861,25905,156862,11600],{},[15,156863,42245],{},[263,156865,123128,156866,156868],{},[15,156867,42245],{}," is documented in Python",[46,156870,1746],{"id":1745},[337,156872,156874],{"id":156873},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156876,243,156877,156880],{},[15,156878,156879],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[337,156882,12599,156884,148914],{"id":156883},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156885,42245],{},[20,156887,1801,156888,156890],{},[15,156889,42245],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[337,156892,156894],{"id":156893},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156896,156897,156898,117],{},"The length is ",[15,156899,2039],{},[337,156901,156903],{"id":156902},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156905,150600,156906,156908],{},[15,156907,150603],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[337,156910,12599,156912,156914],{"id":156911},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156913,42245],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156916,156917],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[46,156919,1808],{"id":1807},[260,156921,156922,156928,156932,156936,156940],{},[263,156923,156924],{},[30,156925,3491,156926,3424],{"href":42242},[15,156927,42245],{},[263,156929,156930],{},[30,156931,155829],{"href":147740},[263,156933,156934],{},[30,156935,149410],{"href":149409},[263,156937,156938],{},[30,156939,150654],{"href":150653},[263,156941,156942],{},[30,156943,156944],{"href":149040},"What is a tuple in Python",[1841,156946,156947],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":156949},[156950,156951,156952,156959,156965,156974,156980,156981,156990],{"id":15053,"depth":111,"text":15054},{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":155317,"depth":111,"text":156953,"children":156954},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156955,156956,156957,156958],{"id":155329,"depth":136,"text":155330},{"id":155396,"depth":136,"text":155397},{"id":155441,"depth":136,"text":155442},{"id":155490,"depth":136,"text":155491},{"id":155579,"depth":111,"text":155580,"children":156960},[156961,156962,156963,156964],{"id":155583,"depth":136,"text":155584},{"id":155658,"depth":136,"text":155397},{"id":155700,"depth":136,"text":155701},{"id":155834,"depth":136,"text":155835},{"id":155918,"depth":111,"text":155919,"children":156966},[156967,156969,156971,156972],{"id":155922,"depth":136,"text":156968},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156060,"depth":136,"text":156970},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156136,"depth":136,"text":156137},{"id":156271,"depth":136,"text":156973},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156399,"depth":111,"text":156400,"children":156975},[156976,156977,156978,156979],{"id":156408,"depth":136,"text":156409},{"id":156481,"depth":136,"text":156482},{"id":156562,"depth":136,"text":156563},{"id":156650,"depth":136,"text":156651},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":156982},[156983,156984,156986,156987,156988],{"id":156873,"depth":136,"text":156874},{"id":156883,"depth":136,"text":156985},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156893,"depth":136,"text":156894},{"id":156902,"depth":136,"text":156903},{"id":156911,"depth":136,"text":156989},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155101,"description":156991},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156998,"title":156999,"body":157000,"description":159385,"extension":1883,"meta":159386,"navigation":152,"path":159387,"seo":159388,"stem":159389,"__hash__":159390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157001,"toc":159346},[157002,157005,157008,157011,157034,157040,157042,157153,157157,157160,157170,157172,157271,157273,157350,157356,157360,157363,157386,157389,157406,157409,157411,157474,157476,157493,157504,157509,157511,157514,157520,157571,157573,157593,157597,157648,157650,157671,157675,157730,157732,157753,157757,157812,157814,157835,157839,157892,157894,157923,157925,157927,157930,157934,157991,157993,158014,158018,158071,158073,158098,158103,158107,158112,158130,158133,158196,158198,158219,158222,158283,158285,158306,158309,158352,158355,158359,158364,158368,158447,158449,158480,158484,158559,158561,158588,158592,158639,158641,158649,158654,158658,158661,158676,158678,158766,158768,158793,158796,158839,158848,158850,158853,158868,158871,158875,158929,158931,158951,158956,158960,158962,159000,159003,159053,159057,159130,159132,159169,159172,159174,159177,159197,159200,159269,159271,159284,159286,159290,159293,159297,159300,159305,159308,159314,159319,159321,159343],[10,157003,156999],{"id":157004},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157006,157007],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157009,157010],{},"Use this format:",[51,157012,157014],{"className":53,"code":157013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157015,157016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157017,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157019,48838],{"class":66},[60,157021,3812],{"class":74},[60,157023,35959],{"class":66},[60,157025,258],{"class":74},[60,157027,75314],{"class":66},[60,157029,258],{"class":74},[60,157031,75317],{"class":66},[60,157033,1525],{"class":74},[20,157035,1900,157036,75350,157038,117],{},[15,157037,75314],{},[41,157039,64957],{},[46,157041,49],{"id":48},[51,157043,157045],{"className":53,"code":157044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157046,157047,157075,157079,157100,157117,157134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157048,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157050,350],{"class":66},[60,157052,71],{"class":70},[60,157054,9144],{"class":74},[60,157056,2250],{"class":357},[60,157058,88],{"class":74},[60,157060,7702],{"class":357},[60,157062,88],{"class":74},[60,157064,7707],{"class":357},[60,157066,88],{"class":74},[60,157068,50729],{"class":357},[60,157070,88],{"class":74},[60,157072,4991],{"class":357},[60,157074,133],{"class":74},[60,157076,157077],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157078,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157080,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157082,140],{"class":139},[60,157084,124],{"class":74},[60,157086,380],{"class":120},[60,157088,3812],{"class":74},[60,157090,358],{"class":357},[60,157092,258],{"class":74},[60,157094,2421],{"class":357},[60,157096,20335],{"class":74},[60,157098,157099],{"class":177},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[60,157101,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,157103,140],{"class":139},[60,157105,124],{"class":74},[60,157107,380],{"class":120},[60,157109,75423],{"class":74},[60,157111,389],{"class":357},[60,157113,20335],{"class":74},[60,157115,157116],{"class":177},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[60,157118,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,157120,140],{"class":139},[60,157122,124],{"class":74},[60,157124,380],{"class":120},[60,157126,74010],{"class":74},[60,157128,1303],{"class":357},[60,157130,20335],{"class":74},[60,157132,157133],{"class":177},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[60,157135,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,157137,140],{"class":139},[60,157139,124],{"class":74},[60,157141,380],{"class":120},[60,157143,74010],{"class":74},[60,157145,1942],{"class":70},[60,157147,358],{"class":357},[60,157149,20335],{"class":74},[60,157151,157152],{"class":177},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[46,157154,157156],{"id":157155},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157158,157159],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[260,157161,157162,157164,157167],{},[263,157163,75617],{},[263,157165,157166],{},"The result is a new tuple",[263,157168,157169],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157171,2127],{},[51,157173,157175],{"className":53,"code":157174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157176,157177,157225,157229,157247,157251,157261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157178,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157180,1411],{"class":66},[60,157182,71],{"class":70},[60,157184,9144],{"class":74},[60,157186,79],{"class":78},[60,157188,30],{"class":82},[60,157190,79],{"class":78},[60,157192,88],{"class":74},[60,157194,91],{"class":78},[60,157196,1428],{"class":82},[60,157198,79],{"class":78},[60,157200,88],{"class":74},[60,157202,91],{"class":78},[60,157204,1437],{"class":82},[60,157206,79],{"class":78},[60,157208,88],{"class":74},[60,157210,91],{"class":78},[60,157212,18658],{"class":82},[60,157214,79],{"class":78},[60,157216,88],{"class":74},[60,157218,91],{"class":78},[60,157220,60334],{"class":82},[60,157222,79],{"class":78},[60,157224,133],{"class":74},[60,157226,157227],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157228,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157230,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157232,75547],{"class":66},[60,157234,71],{"class":70},[60,157236,69984],{"class":66},[60,157238,3812],{"class":74},[60,157240,358],{"class":357},[60,157242,258],{"class":74},[60,157244,2421],{"class":357},[60,157246,1525],{"class":74},[60,157248,157249],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,157250,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,157254,140],{"class":139},[60,157256,124],{"class":74},[60,157258,75570],{"class":120},[60,157260,133],{"class":74},[60,157262,157263,157265,157267,157269],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,157264,140],{"class":139},[60,157266,124],{"class":74},[60,157268,1446],{"class":120},[60,157270,133],{"class":74},[20,157272,404],{},[51,157274,157276],{"className":53,"code":157275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157277,157278,157306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157279,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157281,124],{"class":74},[60,157283,205],{"class":78},[60,157285,1428],{"class":82},[60,157287,205],{"class":78},[60,157289,88],{"class":74},[60,157291,214],{"class":78},[60,157293,1437],{"class":82},[60,157295,205],{"class":78},[60,157297,88],{"class":74},[60,157299,214],{"class":78},[60,157301,18658],{"class":82},[60,157303,205],{"class":78},[60,157305,133],{"class":74},[60,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157309,124],{"class":74},[60,157311,205],{"class":78},[60,157313,30],{"class":82},[60,157315,205],{"class":78},[60,157317,88],{"class":74},[60,157319,214],{"class":78},[60,157321,1428],{"class":82},[60,157323,205],{"class":78},[60,157325,88],{"class":74},[60,157327,214],{"class":78},[60,157329,1437],{"class":82},[60,157331,205],{"class":78},[60,157333,88],{"class":74},[60,157335,214],{"class":78},[60,157337,18658],{"class":82},[60,157339,205],{"class":78},[60,157341,88],{"class":74},[60,157343,214],{"class":78},[60,157345,60334],{"class":82},[60,157347,205],{"class":78},[60,157349,133],{"class":74},[20,157351,157352,157353,117],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,157354,147737],{"href":157355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[46,157357,157359],{"id":157358},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157361,157362],{},"The full syntax is:",[51,157364,157366],{"className":53,"code":157365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157367,157368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157371,147755],{"class":66},[60,157373,3812],{"class":74},[60,157375,35959],{"class":66},[60,157377,258],{"class":74},[60,157379,75314],{"class":66},[60,157381,258],{"class":74},[60,157383,75317],{"class":66},[60,157385,1525],{"class":74},[20,157387,157388],{},"Each part has a job:",[260,157390,157391,157396,157401],{},[263,157392,157393,157395],{},[15,157394,35959],{},": where slicing begins",[263,157397,157398,157400],{},[15,157399,75314],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[263,157402,157403,157405],{},[15,157404,75317],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157407,157408],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157410,2127],{},[51,157412,157414],{"className":53,"code":157413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157415,157416,157448,157452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157417,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157419,350],{"class":66},[60,157421,71],{"class":70},[60,157423,9144],{"class":74},[60,157425,2250],{"class":357},[60,157427,88],{"class":74},[60,157429,7702],{"class":357},[60,157431,88],{"class":74},[60,157433,7707],{"class":357},[60,157435,88],{"class":74},[60,157437,50729],{"class":357},[60,157439,88],{"class":74},[60,157441,4991],{"class":357},[60,157443,88],{"class":74},[60,157445,75988],{"class":357},[60,157447,133],{"class":74},[60,157449,157450],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157451,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157453,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157455,140],{"class":139},[60,157457,124],{"class":74},[60,157459,380],{"class":120},[60,157461,3812],{"class":74},[60,157463,358],{"class":357},[60,157465,258],{"class":74},[60,157467,2056],{"class":357},[60,157469,258],{"class":74},[60,157471,1303],{"class":357},[60,157473,1646],{"class":74},[20,157475,404],{},[51,157477,157479],{"className":53,"code":157478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157480,157481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157482,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157484,124],{"class":74},[60,157486,15645],{"class":357},[60,157488,88],{"class":74},[60,157490,50729],{"class":357},[60,157492,133],{"class":74},[20,157494,157495,157496,157498,157499,157501,157502,117],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157497,358],{},", stops before index ",[15,157500,2056],{},", and moves by ",[15,157503,1303],{},[20,157505,157506,157507,117],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[30,157508,149410],{"href":152836},[46,157510,75904],{"id":75903},[20,157512,157513],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[337,157515,157517,157518,5877],{"id":157516},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157519,75918],{},[51,157521,157523],{"className":53,"code":157522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157524,157525,157553,157557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157526,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157528,350],{"class":66},[60,157530,71],{"class":70},[60,157532,9144],{"class":74},[60,157534,2250],{"class":357},[60,157536,88],{"class":74},[60,157538,7702],{"class":357},[60,157540,88],{"class":74},[60,157542,7707],{"class":357},[60,157544,88],{"class":74},[60,157546,50729],{"class":357},[60,157548,88],{"class":74},[60,157550,4991],{"class":357},[60,157552,133],{"class":74},[60,157554,157555],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157556,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157558,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157560,140],{"class":139},[60,157562,124],{"class":74},[60,157564,380],{"class":120},[60,157566,75423],{"class":74},[60,157568,389],{"class":357},[60,157570,1646],{"class":74},[20,157572,404],{},[51,157574,157575],{"className":53,"code":151102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,157576,157577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157578,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157580,124],{"class":74},[60,157582,2250],{"class":357},[60,157584,88],{"class":74},[60,157586,7702],{"class":357},[60,157588,88],{"class":74},[60,157590,7707],{"class":357},[60,157592,133],{"class":74},[337,157594,157596],{"id":157595},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[51,157598,157600],{"className":53,"code":157599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157601,157602,157630,157634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157603,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157605,350],{"class":66},[60,157607,71],{"class":70},[60,157609,9144],{"class":74},[60,157611,2250],{"class":357},[60,157613,88],{"class":74},[60,157615,7702],{"class":357},[60,157617,88],{"class":74},[60,157619,7707],{"class":357},[60,157621,88],{"class":74},[60,157623,50729],{"class":357},[60,157625,88],{"class":74},[60,157627,4991],{"class":357},[60,157629,133],{"class":74},[60,157631,157632],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157633,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157635,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157637,140],{"class":139},[60,157639,124],{"class":74},[60,157641,380],{"class":120},[60,157643,3812],{"class":74},[60,157645,1303],{"class":357},[60,157647,77604],{"class":74},[20,157649,404],{},[51,157651,157653],{"className":53,"code":157652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157654,157655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157658,124],{"class":74},[60,157660,36725],{"class":357},[60,157662,88],{"class":74},[60,157664,50729],{"class":357},[60,157666,88],{"class":74},[60,157668,4991],{"class":357},[60,157670,133],{"class":74},[337,157672,157674],{"id":157673},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[51,157676,157678],{"className":53,"code":157677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157679,157680,157708,157712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157683,350],{"class":66},[60,157685,71],{"class":70},[60,157687,9144],{"class":74},[60,157689,2250],{"class":357},[60,157691,88],{"class":74},[60,157693,7702],{"class":357},[60,157695,88],{"class":74},[60,157697,7707],{"class":357},[60,157699,88],{"class":74},[60,157701,50729],{"class":357},[60,157703,88],{"class":74},[60,157705,4991],{"class":357},[60,157707,133],{"class":74},[60,157709,157710],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157711,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157713,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157715,140],{"class":139},[60,157717,124],{"class":74},[60,157719,380],{"class":120},[60,157721,3812],{"class":74},[60,157723,358],{"class":357},[60,157725,258],{"class":74},[60,157727,2421],{"class":357},[60,157729,1646],{"class":74},[20,157731,404],{},[51,157733,157735],{"className":53,"code":157734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157736,157737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157738,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157740,124],{"class":74},[60,157742,15645],{"class":357},[60,157744,88],{"class":74},[60,157746,7707],{"class":357},[60,157748,88],{"class":74},[60,157750,50729],{"class":357},[60,157752,133],{"class":74},[337,157754,157756],{"id":157755},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[51,157758,157760],{"className":53,"code":157759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157761,157762,157794,157798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157763,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157765,350],{"class":66},[60,157767,71],{"class":70},[60,157769,9144],{"class":74},[60,157771,2250],{"class":357},[60,157773,88],{"class":74},[60,157775,7702],{"class":357},[60,157777,88],{"class":74},[60,157779,7707],{"class":357},[60,157781,88],{"class":74},[60,157783,50729],{"class":357},[60,157785,88],{"class":74},[60,157787,4991],{"class":357},[60,157789,88],{"class":74},[60,157791,75988],{"class":357},[60,157793,133],{"class":74},[60,157795,157796],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157797,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157799,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157801,140],{"class":139},[60,157803,124],{"class":74},[60,157805,380],{"class":120},[60,157807,74010],{"class":74},[60,157809,1303],{"class":357},[60,157811,1646],{"class":74},[20,157813,404],{},[51,157815,157817],{"className":53,"code":157816,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157818,157819],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157820,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157822,124],{"class":74},[60,157824,2250],{"class":357},[60,157826,88],{"class":74},[60,157828,7707],{"class":357},[60,157830,88],{"class":74},[60,157832,4991],{"class":357},[60,157834,133],{"class":74},[337,157836,157838],{"id":157837},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[51,157840,157842],{"className":53,"code":157841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157843,157844,157872,157876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157845,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157847,350],{"class":66},[60,157849,71],{"class":70},[60,157851,9144],{"class":74},[60,157853,2250],{"class":357},[60,157855,88],{"class":74},[60,157857,7702],{"class":357},[60,157859,88],{"class":74},[60,157861,7707],{"class":357},[60,157863,88],{"class":74},[60,157865,50729],{"class":357},[60,157867,88],{"class":74},[60,157869,4991],{"class":357},[60,157871,133],{"class":74},[60,157873,157874],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157875,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157877,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157879,140],{"class":139},[60,157881,124],{"class":74},[60,157883,380],{"class":120},[60,157885,74010],{"class":74},[60,157887,1942],{"class":70},[60,157889,358],{"class":357},[60,157891,1646],{"class":74},[20,157893,404],{},[51,157895,157897],{"className":53,"code":157896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157898,157899],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157900,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157902,124],{"class":74},[60,157904,76682],{"class":357},[60,157906,88],{"class":74},[60,157908,50729],{"class":357},[60,157910,88],{"class":74},[60,157912,7707],{"class":357},[60,157914,88],{"class":74},[60,157916,7702],{"class":357},[60,157918,88],{"class":74},[60,157920,5916],{"class":357},[60,157922,133],{"class":74},[46,157924,76198],{"id":76197},[20,157926,154109],{},[20,157928,157929],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[337,157931,157933],{"id":157932},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[51,157935,157937],{"className":53,"code":157936,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157938,157939,157971,157975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157940,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157942,350],{"class":66},[60,157944,71],{"class":70},[60,157946,9144],{"class":74},[60,157948,2250],{"class":357},[60,157950,88],{"class":74},[60,157952,7702],{"class":357},[60,157954,88],{"class":74},[60,157956,7707],{"class":357},[60,157958,88],{"class":74},[60,157960,50729],{"class":357},[60,157962,88],{"class":74},[60,157964,4991],{"class":357},[60,157966,88],{"class":74},[60,157968,75988],{"class":357},[60,157970,133],{"class":74},[60,157972,157973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157974,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,157976,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,157978,140],{"class":139},[60,157980,124],{"class":74},[60,157982,380],{"class":120},[60,157984,3812],{"class":74},[60,157986,1942],{"class":70},[60,157988,389],{"class":357},[60,157990,77604],{"class":74},[20,157992,404],{},[51,157994,157996],{"className":53,"code":157995,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157997,157998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157999,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158001,124],{"class":74},[60,158003,56578],{"class":357},[60,158005,88],{"class":74},[60,158007,4991],{"class":357},[60,158009,88],{"class":74},[60,158011,75988],{"class":357},[60,158013,133],{"class":74},[337,158015,158017],{"id":158016},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[51,158019,158021],{"className":53,"code":158020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158022,158023,158051,158055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158024,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158026,350],{"class":66},[60,158028,71],{"class":70},[60,158030,9144],{"class":74},[60,158032,2250],{"class":357},[60,158034,88],{"class":74},[60,158036,7702],{"class":357},[60,158038,88],{"class":74},[60,158040,7707],{"class":357},[60,158042,88],{"class":74},[60,158044,50729],{"class":357},[60,158046,88],{"class":74},[60,158048,4991],{"class":357},[60,158050,133],{"class":74},[60,158052,158053],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158054,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158056,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158058,140],{"class":139},[60,158060,124],{"class":74},[60,158062,380],{"class":120},[60,158064,75423],{"class":74},[60,158066,1942],{"class":70},[60,158068,358],{"class":357},[60,158070,1646],{"class":74},[20,158072,404],{},[51,158074,158076],{"className":53,"code":158075,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158077,158078],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158079,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158081,124],{"class":74},[60,158083,2250],{"class":357},[60,158085,88],{"class":74},[60,158087,7702],{"class":357},[60,158089,88],{"class":74},[60,158091,7707],{"class":357},[60,158093,88],{"class":74},[60,158095,50729],{"class":357},[60,158097,133],{"class":74},[20,158099,158100,158101,117],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[30,158102,150659],{"href":156993},[46,158104,158106],{"id":158105},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158108,1900,158109,158111],{},[15,158110,75317],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[260,158113,158114,158116,158118,158124],{},[263,158115,76454],{},[263,158117,76457],{},[263,158119,158120,158123],{},[15,158121,158122],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[263,158125,158126,158127,158129],{},"A step of ",[15,158128,2039],{}," is not allowed",[20,158131,158132],{},"Example with a positive step:",[51,158134,158136],{"className":53,"code":158135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158137,158138,158170,158174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158139,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158141,350],{"class":66},[60,158143,71],{"class":70},[60,158145,9144],{"class":74},[60,158147,2250],{"class":357},[60,158149,88],{"class":74},[60,158151,7702],{"class":357},[60,158153,88],{"class":74},[60,158155,7707],{"class":357},[60,158157,88],{"class":74},[60,158159,50729],{"class":357},[60,158161,88],{"class":74},[60,158163,4991],{"class":357},[60,158165,88],{"class":74},[60,158167,75988],{"class":357},[60,158169,133],{"class":74},[60,158171,158172],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158173,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158177,140],{"class":139},[60,158179,124],{"class":74},[60,158181,380],{"class":120},[60,158183,3812],{"class":74},[60,158185,358],{"class":357},[60,158187,258],{"class":74},[60,158189,80482],{"class":357},[60,158191,258],{"class":74},[60,158193,1303],{"class":357},[60,158195,1646],{"class":74},[20,158197,404],{},[51,158199,158201],{"className":53,"code":158200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158202,158203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158204,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158206,124],{"class":74},[60,158208,15645],{"class":357},[60,158210,88],{"class":74},[60,158212,50729],{"class":357},[60,158214,88],{"class":74},[60,158216,75988],{"class":357},[60,158218,133],{"class":74},[20,158220,158221],{},"Example with a negative step:",[51,158223,158225],{"className":53,"code":158224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158226,158227,158255,158259],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158228,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158230,350],{"class":66},[60,158232,71],{"class":70},[60,158234,9144],{"class":74},[60,158236,2250],{"class":357},[60,158238,88],{"class":74},[60,158240,7702],{"class":357},[60,158242,88],{"class":74},[60,158244,7707],{"class":357},[60,158246,88],{"class":74},[60,158248,50729],{"class":357},[60,158250,88],{"class":74},[60,158252,4991],{"class":357},[60,158254,133],{"class":74},[60,158256,158257],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158258,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158260,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158262,140],{"class":139},[60,158264,124],{"class":74},[60,158266,380],{"class":120},[60,158268,3812],{"class":74},[60,158270,2421],{"class":357},[60,158272,258],{"class":74},[60,158274,358],{"class":357},[60,158276,258],{"class":74},[60,158278,1942],{"class":70},[60,158280,358],{"class":357},[60,158282,1646],{"class":74},[20,158284,404],{},[51,158286,158288],{"className":53,"code":158287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158289,158290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158291,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158293,124],{"class":74},[60,158295,76682],{"class":357},[60,158297,88],{"class":74},[60,158299,50729],{"class":357},[60,158301,88],{"class":74},[60,158303,7707],{"class":357},[60,158305,133],{"class":74},[20,158307,158308],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[51,158310,158312],{"className":53,"code":158311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158313,158314,158334,158338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158315,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158317,350],{"class":66},[60,158319,71],{"class":70},[60,158321,9144],{"class":74},[60,158323,2250],{"class":357},[60,158325,88],{"class":74},[60,158327,7702],{"class":357},[60,158329,88],{"class":74},[60,158331,7707],{"class":357},[60,158333,133],{"class":74},[60,158335,158336],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158337,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158339,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158341,140],{"class":139},[60,158343,124],{"class":74},[60,158345,380],{"class":120},[60,158347,74010],{"class":74},[60,158349,2039],{"class":357},[60,158351,1646],{"class":74},[20,158353,158354],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[46,158356,158358],{"id":158357},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158360,158361,158362,33626],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[41,158363,48838],{},[337,158365,158367],{"id":158366},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[51,158369,158371],{"className":53,"code":158370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158372,158373,158397,158401,158419,158423,158433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158376,350],{"class":66},[60,158378,71],{"class":70},[60,158380,9144],{"class":74},[60,158382,2250],{"class":357},[60,158384,88],{"class":74},[60,158386,7702],{"class":357},[60,158388,88],{"class":74},[60,158390,7707],{"class":357},[60,158392,88],{"class":74},[60,158394,50729],{"class":357},[60,158396,133],{"class":74},[60,158398,158399],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158400,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158404,688],{"class":66},[60,158406,71],{"class":70},[60,158408,1294],{"class":66},[60,158410,3812],{"class":74},[60,158412,358],{"class":357},[60,158414,258],{"class":74},[60,158416,389],{"class":357},[60,158418,1525],{"class":74},[60,158420,158421],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,158422,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158424,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,158426,140],{"class":139},[60,158428,124],{"class":74},[60,158430,720],{"class":120},[60,158432,133],{"class":74},[60,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,158436,140],{"class":139},[60,158438,124],{"class":74},[60,158440,1684],{"class":1683},[60,158442,124],{"class":74},[60,158444,720],{"class":120},[60,158446,1691],{"class":74},[20,158448,404],{},[51,158450,158452],{"className":53,"code":158451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158453,158454,158466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158455,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158457,124],{"class":74},[60,158459,15645],{"class":357},[60,158461,88],{"class":74},[60,158463,7707],{"class":357},[60,158465,133],{"class":74},[60,158467,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158469,3205],{"class":70},[60,158471,3208],{"class":1984},[60,158473,214],{"class":78},[60,158475,48838],{"class":82},[60,158477,205],{"class":78},[60,158479,3217],{"class":70},[337,158481,158483],{"id":158482},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[51,158485,158487],{"className":53,"code":158486,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158488,158489,158509,158513,158531,158535,158545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158490,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158492,350],{"class":66},[60,158494,71],{"class":70},[60,158496,9144],{"class":74},[60,158498,2250],{"class":357},[60,158500,88],{"class":74},[60,158502,7702],{"class":357},[60,158504,88],{"class":74},[60,158506,7707],{"class":357},[60,158508,133],{"class":74},[60,158510,158511],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158512,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158514,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158516,688],{"class":66},[60,158518,71],{"class":70},[60,158520,1294],{"class":66},[60,158522,3812],{"class":74},[60,158524,358],{"class":357},[60,158526,258],{"class":74},[60,158528,1303],{"class":357},[60,158530,1525],{"class":74},[60,158532,158533],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,158534,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158536,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,158538,140],{"class":139},[60,158540,124],{"class":74},[60,158542,720],{"class":120},[60,158544,133],{"class":74},[60,158546,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,158548,140],{"class":139},[60,158550,124],{"class":74},[60,158552,1684],{"class":1683},[60,158554,124],{"class":74},[60,158556,720],{"class":120},[60,158558,1691],{"class":74},[20,158560,404],{},[51,158562,158564],{"className":53,"code":158563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158565,158566,158574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158567,158568,158570,158572],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158569,124],{"class":74},[60,158571,15645],{"class":357},[60,158573,149093],{"class":74},[60,158575,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158577,3205],{"class":70},[60,158579,3208],{"class":1984},[60,158581,214],{"class":78},[60,158583,48838],{"class":82},[60,158585,205],{"class":78},[60,158587,3217],{"class":70},[337,158589,158591],{"id":158590},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[51,158593,158595],{"className":53,"code":158594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158596,158597,158617,158621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158600,350],{"class":66},[60,158602,71],{"class":70},[60,158604,9144],{"class":74},[60,158606,2250],{"class":357},[60,158608,88],{"class":74},[60,158610,7702],{"class":357},[60,158612,88],{"class":74},[60,158614,7707],{"class":357},[60,158616,133],{"class":74},[60,158618,158619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158620,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158622,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158624,140],{"class":139},[60,158626,124],{"class":74},[60,158628,380],{"class":120},[60,158630,3812],{"class":74},[60,158632,2056],{"class":357},[60,158634,258],{"class":74},[60,158636,2265],{"class":357},[60,158638,1646],{"class":74},[20,158640,404],{},[51,158642,158643],{"className":53,"code":8555,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158644,158645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158646,158647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158648,8555],{"class":74},[20,158650,158651,158652,117],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[30,158653,155829],{"href":150716},[46,158655,158657],{"id":158656},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158659,158660],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[260,158662,158663,158665,158668,158673],{},[263,158664,76763],{},[263,158666,158667],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[263,158669,158670,158671],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158672,70619],{},[263,158674,158675],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158677,2127],{},[51,158679,158681],{"className":53,"code":158680,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158682,158683,158703,158707,158724,158745],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158684,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158686,350],{"class":66},[60,158688,71],{"class":70},[60,158690,9144],{"class":74},[60,158692,2250],{"class":357},[60,158694,88],{"class":74},[60,158696,7702],{"class":357},[60,158698,88],{"class":74},[60,158700,7707],{"class":357},[60,158702,133],{"class":74},[60,158704,158705],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158706,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158710,140],{"class":139},[60,158712,124],{"class":74},[60,158714,380],{"class":120},[60,158716,3812],{"class":74},[60,158718,358],{"class":357},[60,158720,20335],{"class":74},[60,158722,158723],{"class":177},"    # one item\n",[60,158725,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,158727,140],{"class":139},[60,158729,124],{"class":74},[60,158731,380],{"class":120},[60,158733,3812],{"class":74},[60,158735,358],{"class":357},[60,158737,258],{"class":74},[60,158739,2056],{"class":357},[60,158741,20335],{"class":74},[60,158743,158744],{"class":177},"  # slice\n",[60,158746,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,158748,140],{"class":139},[60,158750,124],{"class":74},[60,158752,380],{"class":120},[60,158754,3812],{"class":74},[60,158756,2056],{"class":357},[60,158758,258],{"class":74},[60,158760,2265],{"class":357},[60,158762,20335],{"class":74},[60,158764,158765],{"class":177},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158767,404],{},[51,158769,158771],{"className":53,"code":158770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158772,158773,158777,158789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158774,158775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158776,71112],{"class":357},[60,158778,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158780,124],{"class":74},[60,158782,15645],{"class":357},[60,158784,88],{"class":74},[60,158786,7707],{"class":357},[60,158788,133],{"class":74},[60,158790,158791],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158792,8555],{"class":74},[20,158794,158795],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[51,158797,158799],{"className":53,"code":158798,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158800,158801,158821,158825],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158802,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158804,350],{"class":66},[60,158806,71],{"class":70},[60,158808,9144],{"class":74},[60,158810,2250],{"class":357},[60,158812,88],{"class":74},[60,158814,7702],{"class":357},[60,158816,88],{"class":74},[60,158818,7707],{"class":357},[60,158820,133],{"class":74},[60,158822,158823],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158824,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158826,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158828,140],{"class":139},[60,158830,124],{"class":74},[60,158832,380],{"class":120},[60,158834,3812],{"class":74},[60,158836,2056],{"class":357},[60,158838,1646],{"class":74},[20,158840,158841,158842,158844,158845,117],{},"This raises an ",[15,158843,70619],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[30,158846,154582],{"href":158847},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[46,158849,15068],{"id":77030},[20,158851,158852],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[260,158854,158855,158858,158860,158863],{},[263,158856,158857],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[263,158859,60579],{},[263,158861,158862],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[263,158864,158865,158866],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158867,2039],{},[20,158869,158870],{},"Here are a few examples.",[337,158872,158874],{"id":158873},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[51,158876,158877],{"className":53,"code":157677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158878,158879,158907,158911],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158880,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158882,350],{"class":66},[60,158884,71],{"class":70},[60,158886,9144],{"class":74},[60,158888,2250],{"class":357},[60,158890,88],{"class":74},[60,158892,7702],{"class":357},[60,158894,88],{"class":74},[60,158896,7707],{"class":357},[60,158898,88],{"class":74},[60,158900,50729],{"class":357},[60,158902,88],{"class":74},[60,158904,4991],{"class":357},[60,158906,133],{"class":74},[60,158908,158909],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158910,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158914,140],{"class":139},[60,158916,124],{"class":74},[60,158918,380],{"class":120},[60,158920,3812],{"class":74},[60,158922,358],{"class":357},[60,158924,258],{"class":74},[60,158926,2421],{"class":357},[60,158928,1646],{"class":74},[20,158930,404],{},[51,158932,158933],{"className":53,"code":157734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158934,158935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158936,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158938,124],{"class":74},[60,158940,15645],{"class":357},[60,158942,88],{"class":74},[60,158944,7707],{"class":357},[60,158946,88],{"class":74},[60,158948,50729],{"class":357},[60,158950,133],{"class":74},[20,158952,132161,158953,158955],{},[15,158954,2421],{}," is not included.",[337,158957,158959],{"id":158958},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158961,1260],{},[51,158963,158965],{"className":53,"code":158964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158966,158967,158991,158995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158968,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158970,350],{"class":66},[60,158972,71],{"class":70},[60,158974,9144],{"class":74},[60,158976,2250],{"class":357},[60,158978,88],{"class":74},[60,158980,7702],{"class":357},[60,158982,88],{"class":74},[60,158984,7707],{"class":357},[60,158986,88],{"class":74},[60,158988,50729],{"class":357},[60,158990,133],{"class":74},[60,158992,158993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158994,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,158996,158997],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,158998,158999],{"class":177},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159001,159002],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[51,159004,159005],{"className":53,"code":154662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159006,159007,159031,159035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159010,350],{"class":66},[60,159012,71],{"class":70},[60,159014,9144],{"class":74},[60,159016,2250],{"class":357},[60,159018,88],{"class":74},[60,159020,7702],{"class":357},[60,159022,88],{"class":74},[60,159024,7707],{"class":357},[60,159026,88],{"class":74},[60,159028,50729],{"class":357},[60,159030,133],{"class":74},[60,159032,159033],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159034,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159038,140],{"class":139},[60,159040,124],{"class":74},[60,159042,380],{"class":120},[60,159044,3812],{"class":74},[60,159046,358],{"class":357},[60,159048,258],{"class":74},[60,159050,389],{"class":357},[60,159052,1646],{"class":74},[337,159054,159056],{"id":159055},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[51,159058,159060],{"className":53,"code":159059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159061,159062,159086,159090,159105,159109,159120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159063,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159065,350],{"class":66},[60,159067,71],{"class":70},[60,159069,9144],{"class":74},[60,159071,2250],{"class":357},[60,159073,88],{"class":74},[60,159075,7702],{"class":357},[60,159077,88],{"class":74},[60,159079,7707],{"class":357},[60,159081,88],{"class":74},[60,159083,50729],{"class":357},[60,159085,133],{"class":74},[60,159087,159088],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159089,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159091,159092,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159093,159094],{"class":66},"slice_result ",[60,159096,71],{"class":70},[60,159098,1294],{"class":66},[60,159100,75423],{"class":74},[60,159102,1303],{"class":357},[60,159104,1525],{"class":74},[60,159106,159107],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159108,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159110,159111,159113,159115,159118],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,159112,140],{"class":139},[60,159114,124],{"class":74},[60,159116,159117],{"class":120},"slice_result",[60,159119,133],{"class":74},[60,159121,159122,159124,159126,159128],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,159123,140],{"class":139},[60,159125,124],{"class":74},[60,159127,380],{"class":120},[60,159129,133],{"class":74},[20,159131,404],{},[51,159133,159135],{"className":53,"code":159134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159136,159137,159149],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159140,124],{"class":74},[60,159142,2250],{"class":357},[60,159144,88],{"class":74},[60,159146,7702],{"class":357},[60,159148,133],{"class":74},[60,159150,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159152,124],{"class":74},[60,159154,2250],{"class":357},[60,159156,88],{"class":74},[60,159158,7702],{"class":357},[60,159160,88],{"class":74},[60,159162,7707],{"class":357},[60,159164,88],{"class":74},[60,159166,50729],{"class":357},[60,159168,133],{"class":74},[20,159170,159171],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[46,159173,113475],{"id":113474},[20,159175,159176],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[260,159178,159179,159182,159185,159191,159194],{},[263,159180,159181],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[263,159183,159184],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[263,159186,159187,159188],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159189,159190],{},"tuple[::0]",[263,159192,159193],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[263,159195,159196],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159198,159199],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[51,159201,159203],{"className":53,"code":159202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159204,159205,159215,159233,159255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159206,159207,159209,159211,159213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159208,140],{"class":139},[60,159210,124],{"class":74},[60,159212,147755],{"class":120},[60,159214,133],{"class":74},[60,159216,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159218,140],{"class":139},[60,159220,124],{"class":74},[60,159222,147755],{"class":120},[60,159224,3812],{"class":74},[60,159226,358],{"class":357},[60,159228,258],{"class":74},[60,159230,2421],{"class":357},[60,159232,1646],{"class":74},[60,159234,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159236,140],{"class":139},[60,159238,124],{"class":74},[60,159240,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159242,124],{"class":74},[60,159244,147755],{"class":120},[60,159246,3812],{"class":74},[60,159248,358],{"class":357},[60,159250,258],{"class":74},[60,159252,2421],{"class":357},[60,159254,2913],{"class":74},[60,159256,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159258,140],{"class":139},[60,159260,124],{"class":74},[60,159262,11064],{"class":139},[60,159264,124],{"class":74},[60,159266,147755],{"class":120},[60,159268,1691],{"class":74},[20,159270,1728],{},[260,159272,159273,159275,159278,159281],{},[263,159274,154969],{},[263,159276,159277],{},"what the slice actually returns",[263,159279,159280],{},"that the result is a tuple",[263,159282,159283],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[46,159285,1746],{"id":1745},[337,159287,159289],{"id":159288},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159291,159292],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[337,159294,159296],{"id":159295},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159298,159299],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[337,159301,1760,159303,39845],{"id":159302},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159304,158122],{},[20,159306,159307],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[337,159309,159311,159312,1779],{"id":159310},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159313,70619],{},[20,159315,159316,159317,117],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159318,70619],{},[46,159320,1808],{"id":1807},[260,159322,159323,159327,159331,159335,159339],{},[263,159324,159325],{},[30,159326,155829],{"href":150716},[263,159328,159329],{},[30,159330,149410],{"href":152836},[263,159332,159333],{},[30,159334,150659],{"href":156993},[263,159336,159337],{},[30,159338,147737],{"href":157355},[263,159340,159341],{},[30,159342,154582],{"href":158847},[1841,159344,159345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":159347},[159348,159349,159350,159351,159359,159363,159364,159369,159370,159375,159376,159384],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":157155,"depth":111,"text":157156},{"id":157358,"depth":111,"text":157359},{"id":75903,"depth":111,"text":75904,"children":159352},[159353,159355,159356,159357,159358],{"id":157516,"depth":136,"text":159354},"Get the first n items",{"id":157595,"depth":136,"text":157596},{"id":157673,"depth":136,"text":157674},{"id":157755,"depth":136,"text":157756},{"id":157837,"depth":136,"text":157838},{"id":76197,"depth":111,"text":76198,"children":159360},[159361,159362],{"id":157932,"depth":136,"text":157933},{"id":158016,"depth":136,"text":158017},{"id":158105,"depth":111,"text":158106},{"id":158357,"depth":111,"text":158358,"children":159365},[159366,159367,159368],{"id":158366,"depth":136,"text":158367},{"id":158482,"depth":136,"text":158483},{"id":158590,"depth":136,"text":158591},{"id":158656,"depth":111,"text":158657},{"id":77030,"depth":111,"text":15068,"children":159371},[159372,159373,159374],{"id":158873,"depth":136,"text":158874},{"id":158958,"depth":136,"text":158959},{"id":159055,"depth":136,"text":159056},{"id":113474,"depth":111,"text":113475},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":159377},[159378,159379,159380,159382],{"id":159288,"depth":136,"text":159289},{"id":159295,"depth":136,"text":159296},{"id":159302,"depth":136,"text":159381},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159310,"depth":136,"text":159383},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156999,"description":159385},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159392,"title":159393,"body":159394,"description":161217,"extension":1883,"meta":161218,"navigation":152,"path":34693,"seo":161219,"stem":161220,"__hash__":161221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159395,"toc":161183},[159396,159401,159406,159410,159428,159431,159446,159452,159454,159511,159513,159545,159557,159563,159568,159571,159606,159612,159614,159617,159631,159634,159636,159659,159661,159679,159682,159698,159700,159703,159816,159818,159907,159910,159915,159921,159924,159927,160026,160028,160087,160092,160095,160164,160168,160200,160216,160221,160228,160235,160247,160249,160298,160300,160323,160329,160377,160382,160389,160397,160403,160406,160430,160433,160435,160511,160513,160538,160544,160547,160552,160556,160570,160572,160635,160637,160669,160672,160688,160690,160696,160703,160705,160724,160726,160744,160751,160756,160763,160765,160802,160805,160812,160816,160819,160877,160880,160883,160938,160940,160952,160958,160960,160964,160997,161004,161006,161069,161072,161074,161079,161093,161100,161108,161117,161126,161132,161138,161140,161180],[10,159397,3491,159399,3495],{"id":159398},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159400,2221],{},[20,159402,32202,159403,159405],{},[15,159404,2221],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159407,62654,159408,104319],{},[15,159409,2221],{},[260,159411,159412,159415,159418,159421],{},[263,159413,159414],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[263,159416,159417],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[263,159419,159420],{},"debug confusing code",[263,159422,159423,159424],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[30,159425,159426],{"href":8132},[15,159427,2873],{},[20,159429,159430],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[51,159432,159434],{"className":53,"code":159433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(object)\n",[15,159435,159436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159437,159438,159440,159442,159444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159439,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159441,124],{"class":74},[60,159443,42283],{"class":1683},[60,159445,133],{"class":74},[20,159447,159448,159449,159451],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159450,2221],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[46,159453,3525],{"id":3524},[51,159455,159457],{"className":53,"code":159456,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159458,159459,159471,159485,159489,159497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159460,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159462,7788],{"class":66},[60,159464,71],{"class":70},[60,159466,91],{"class":78},[60,159468,4914],{"class":82},[60,159470,3273],{"class":78},[60,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159474,140],{"class":139},[60,159476,124],{"class":74},[60,159478,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159480,124],{"class":74},[60,159482,7580],{"class":120},[60,159484,1691],{"class":74},[60,159486,159487],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159488,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159490,159491,159493,159495],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159492,2137],{"class":66},[60,159494,71],{"class":70},[60,159496,2504],{"class":357},[60,159498,159499,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,159500,140],{"class":139},[60,159502,124],{"class":74},[60,159504,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159506,124],{"class":74},[60,159508,2159],{"class":120},[60,159510,1691],{"class":74},[20,159512,404],{},[51,159514,159515],{"className":53,"code":124822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159516,159517,159531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159518,159519,159521,159523,159525,159527,159529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159520,3205],{"class":70},[60,159522,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159524,214],{"class":78},[60,159526,3358],{"class":82},[60,159528,205],{"class":78},[60,159530,3217],{"class":70},[60,159532,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159534,3205],{"class":70},[60,159536,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159538,214],{"class":78},[60,159540,2108],{"class":82},[60,159542,205],{"class":78},[60,159544,3217],{"class":70},[20,159546,243,159547,159550,159551,1776,159554,117],{},[15,159548,159549],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159552,159553],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159555,159556],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[46,159558,12890,159560,159562],{"id":159559},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159561,2221],{}," function does",[20,159564,159565,159567],{},[15,159566,2221],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159569,159570],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[260,159572,159573,159578,159583,159588,159593,159598],{},[263,159574,159575,159577],{},[15,159576,3358],{}," for text",[263,159579,159580,159582],{},[15,159581,2108],{}," for whole numbers",[263,159584,159585,159587],{},[15,159586,2111],{}," for decimal numbers",[263,159589,159590,159592],{},[15,159591,8006],{}," for lists",[263,159594,159595,159597],{},[15,159596,8733],{}," for dictionaries",[263,159599,159600,68983,159602,1776,159604],{},[15,159601,3781],{},[15,159603,3520],{},[15,159605,3588],{},[20,159607,159608,159609,159611],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159610,2221],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[46,159613,296],{"id":295},[20,159615,159616],{},"The main beginner form is:",[51,159618,159619],{"className":53,"code":159433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159620,159621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159622,159623,159625,159627,159629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159624,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159626,124],{"class":74},[60,159628,42283],{"class":1683},[60,159630,133],{"class":74},[20,159632,159633],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159635,2127],{},[51,159637,159639],{"className":53,"code":159638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159640,159641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159642,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159644,140],{"class":139},[60,159646,124],{"class":74},[60,159648,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159650,124],{"class":74},[60,159652,79],{"class":78},[60,159654,3759],{"class":82},[60,159656,79],{"class":78},[60,159658,1691],{"class":74},[20,159660,404],{},[51,159662,159663],{"className":53,"code":45656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159664,159665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159666,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675,159677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159668,3205],{"class":70},[60,159670,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159672,214],{"class":78},[60,159674,3358],{"class":82},[60,159676,205],{"class":78},[60,159678,3217],{"class":70},[20,159680,159681],{},"You can pass either:",[260,159683,159684,159691],{},[263,159685,159686,159687,288,159689],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159688,64422],{},[15,159690,46410],{},[263,159692,159693,159694,288,159696],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159695,7580],{},[15,159697,9206],{},[46,159699,121634],{"id":121633},[20,159701,159702],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[51,159704,159706],{"className":53,"code":159705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159707,159708,159726,159740,159754,159776,159802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159709,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159711,140],{"class":139},[60,159713,124],{"class":74},[60,159715,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159717,124],{"class":74},[60,159719,79],{"class":78},[60,159721,3759],{"class":82},[60,159723,79],{"class":78},[60,159725,1691],{"class":74},[60,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159729,140],{"class":139},[60,159731,124],{"class":74},[60,159733,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159735,124],{"class":74},[60,159737,2250],{"class":357},[60,159739,1691],{"class":74},[60,159741,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159743,140],{"class":139},[60,159745,124],{"class":74},[60,159747,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159749,124],{"class":74},[60,159751,40028],{"class":357},[60,159753,1691],{"class":74},[60,159755,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159757,140],{"class":139},[60,159759,124],{"class":74},[60,159761,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159763,1641],{"class":74},[60,159765,358],{"class":357},[60,159767,88],{"class":74},[60,159769,363],{"class":357},[60,159771,88],{"class":74},[60,159773,368],{"class":357},[60,159775,2913],{"class":74},[60,159777,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,159779,140],{"class":139},[60,159781,124],{"class":74},[60,159783,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159785,5440],{"class":74},[60,159787,79],{"class":78},[60,159789,7580],{"class":82},[60,159791,79],{"class":78},[60,159793,258],{"class":74},[60,159795,91],{"class":78},[60,159797,4914],{"class":82},[60,159799,79],{"class":78},[60,159801,5449],{"class":74},[60,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,159805,140],{"class":139},[60,159807,124],{"class":74},[60,159809,1684],{"class":1683},[60,159811,124],{"class":74},[60,159813,3520],{"class":734},[60,159815,1691],{"class":74},[20,159817,404],{},[51,159819,159821],{"className":53,"code":159820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159822,159823,159837,159851,159865,159879,159893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159824,159825,159827,159829,159831,159833,159835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159826,3205],{"class":70},[60,159828,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159830,214],{"class":78},[60,159832,3358],{"class":82},[60,159834,205],{"class":78},[60,159836,3217],{"class":70},[60,159838,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847,159849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159840,3205],{"class":70},[60,159842,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159844,214],{"class":78},[60,159846,2108],{"class":82},[60,159848,205],{"class":78},[60,159850,3217],{"class":70},[60,159852,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159854,3205],{"class":70},[60,159856,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159858,214],{"class":78},[60,159860,2111],{"class":82},[60,159862,205],{"class":78},[60,159864,3217],{"class":70},[60,159866,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159868,3205],{"class":70},[60,159870,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159872,214],{"class":78},[60,159874,8006],{"class":82},[60,159876,205],{"class":78},[60,159878,3217],{"class":70},[60,159880,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,159882,3205],{"class":70},[60,159884,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159886,214],{"class":78},[60,159888,8733],{"class":82},[60,159890,205],{"class":78},[60,159892,3217],{"class":70},[60,159894,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,159896,3205],{"class":70},[60,159898,3208],{"class":1984},[60,159900,214],{"class":78},[60,159902,3781],{"class":82},[60,159904,205],{"class":78},[60,159906,3217],{"class":70},[20,159908,159909],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159911,159912,159913,117],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[30,159914,44683],{"href":48863},[46,159916,8331,159918,159920],{"id":159917},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159919,2221],{}," with variables",[20,159922,159923],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159925,159926],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[51,159928,159930],{"className":53,"code":159929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159931,159932,159940,159958,159962,159974,159992,159996,160008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159933,159934,159936,159938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159935,1700],{"class":66},[60,159937,71],{"class":70},[60,159939,2504],{"class":357},[60,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159943,140],{"class":139},[60,159945,124],{"class":74},[60,159947,315],{"class":120},[60,159949,88],{"class":74},[60,159951,49275],{"class":1683},[60,159953,124],{"class":74},[60,159955,315],{"class":120},[60,159957,1691],{"class":74},[60,159959,159960],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,159961,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159963,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,159965,1700],{"class":66},[60,159967,71],{"class":70},[60,159969,91],{"class":78},[60,159971,45793],{"class":82},[60,159973,3273],{"class":78},[60,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,159977,140],{"class":139},[60,159979,124],{"class":74},[60,159981,315],{"class":120},[60,159983,88],{"class":74},[60,159985,49275],{"class":1683},[60,159987,124],{"class":74},[60,159989,315],{"class":120},[60,159991,1691],{"class":74},[60,159993,159994],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,159995,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,159997,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,159999,1700],{"class":66},[60,160001,71],{"class":70},[60,160003,1512],{"class":74},[60,160005,2250],{"class":357},[60,160007,1525],{"class":74},[60,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024],{"class":62,"line":6336},[60,160011,140],{"class":139},[60,160013,124],{"class":74},[60,160015,315],{"class":120},[60,160017,88],{"class":74},[60,160019,49275],{"class":1683},[60,160021,124],{"class":74},[60,160023,315],{"class":120},[60,160025,1691],{"class":74},[20,160027,404],{},[51,160029,160031],{"className":53,"code":160030,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160032,160033,160050,160067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160034,160035,160037,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160036,2250],{"class":357},[60,160038,160039],{"class":70}," \u003C",[60,160041,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160043,214],{"class":78},[60,160045,2108],{"class":82},[60,160047,205],{"class":78},[60,160049,3217],{"class":70},[60,160051,160052,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063,160065],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160053,160054],{"class":66},"ten ",[60,160056,3205],{"class":70},[60,160058,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160060,214],{"class":78},[60,160062,3358],{"class":82},[60,160064,205],{"class":78},[60,160066,3217],{"class":70},[60,160068,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160070,3812],{"class":74},[60,160072,2250],{"class":357},[60,160074,13164],{"class":74},[60,160076,160039],{"class":70},[60,160078,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160080,214],{"class":78},[60,160082,8006],{"class":82},[60,160084,205],{"class":78},[60,160086,3217],{"class":70},[20,160088,160089,160091],{},[15,160090,2221],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160093,160094],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[51,160096,160098],{"className":53,"code":160097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160099,160100,160118,160132,160136,160150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160101,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160103,3306],{"class":66},[60,160105,71],{"class":70},[60,160107,8155],{"class":139},[60,160109,124],{"class":74},[60,160111,79],{"class":78},[60,160113,41756],{"class":82},[60,160115,79],{"class":78},[60,160117,133],{"class":74},[60,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160121,140],{"class":139},[60,160123,124],{"class":74},[60,160125,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160127,124],{"class":74},[60,160129,3332],{"class":120},[60,160131,1691],{"class":74},[60,160133,160134],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160135,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160137,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160139,122746],{"class":66},[60,160141,71],{"class":70},[60,160143,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160145,124],{"class":74},[60,160147,3332],{"class":120},[60,160149,133],{"class":74},[60,160151,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,160153,140],{"class":139},[60,160155,124],{"class":74},[60,160157,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160159,124],{"class":74},[60,160161,122769],{"class":120},[60,160163,1691],{"class":74},[20,160165,41005,160166,41009],{},[15,160167,9102],{},[51,160169,160170],{"className":53,"code":124822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160171,160172,160186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160175,3205],{"class":70},[60,160177,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160179,214],{"class":78},[60,160181,3358],{"class":82},[60,160183,205],{"class":78},[60,160185,3217],{"class":70},[60,160187,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160189,3205],{"class":70},[60,160191,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160193,214],{"class":78},[60,160195,2108],{"class":82},[60,160197,205],{"class":78},[60,160199,3217],{"class":70},[20,160201,45589,160202,160206,160207,288,160211,160215],{},[30,160203,160204],{"href":8132},[15,160205,2873],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[30,160208,160209],{"href":2790},[15,160210,2793],{},[30,160212,160213],{"href":2796},[15,160214,2799],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160217,160218,160219,117],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[30,160220,8890],{"href":8889},[46,160222,160224,474,160226],{"id":160223},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160225,2221],{},[15,160227,44691],{},[20,160229,160230,1776,160232,160234],{},[15,160231,2221],{},[15,160233,44691],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[260,160236,160237,160242],{},[263,160238,160239,160241],{},[15,160240,2221],{}," tells you the exact type",[263,160243,160244,160246],{},[15,160245,44691],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160248,2127],{},[51,160250,160252],{"className":53,"code":160251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160253,160254,160262,160266,160280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160255,160256,160258,160260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160257,1700],{"class":66},[60,160259,71],{"class":70},[60,160261,34727],{"class":357},[60,160263,160264],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160265,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160269,140],{"class":139},[60,160271,124],{"class":74},[60,160273,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160275,124],{"class":74},[60,160277,315],{"class":120},[60,160279,1691],{"class":74},[60,160281,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160283,140],{"class":139},[60,160285,124],{"class":74},[60,160287,48760],{"class":139},[60,160289,124],{"class":74},[60,160291,315],{"class":120},[60,160293,88],{"class":74},[60,160295,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160297,1691],{"class":74},[20,160299,404],{},[51,160301,160303],{"className":53,"code":160302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160304,160305,160319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160306,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160308,3205],{"class":70},[60,160310,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160312,214],{"class":78},[60,160314,2108],{"class":82},[60,160316,205],{"class":78},[60,160318,3217],{"class":70},[60,160320,160321],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160322,3892],{"class":734},[20,160324,160325,160326,160328],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160327,44691],{}," is more practical.",[51,160330,160332],{"className":53,"code":160331,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160333,160334,160342,160346,160362],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160335,160336,160338,160340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160337,1700],{"class":66},[60,160339,71],{"class":70},[60,160341,34727],{"class":357},[60,160343,160344],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160345,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160347,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358,160360],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160349,1154],{"class":1153},[60,160351,49498],{"class":139},[60,160353,124],{"class":74},[60,160355,315],{"class":120},[60,160357,88],{"class":74},[60,160359,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160361,8255],{"class":74},[60,160363,160364,160366,160368,160370,160373,160375],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160365,7981],{"class":139},[60,160367,124],{"class":74},[60,160369,79],{"class":78},[60,160371,160372],{"class":82},"This is an integer",[60,160374,79],{"class":78},[60,160376,133],{"class":74},[20,160378,243,160379,160381],{},[15,160380,2221],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160383,243,160384,160386,160387,7083],{},[15,160385,44691],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160388,1154],{},[20,160390,160391,160392,117],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[30,160393,3491,160395,3424],{"href":160394},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160396,44691],{},[46,160398,160400,160401],{"id":160399},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160402,2221],{},[20,160404,160405],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[51,160407,160409],{"className":53,"code":160408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160410,160411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160424,160426,160428],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160414,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160416,124],{"class":74},[60,160418,7580],{"class":120},[60,160420,88],{"class":74},[60,160422,160423],{"class":120}," bases",[60,160425,88],{"class":74},[60,160427,9079],{"class":1683},[60,160429,133],{"class":74},[20,160431,160432],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160434,2127],{},[51,160436,160438],{"className":53,"code":160437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160439,160440,160483,160487,160497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160441,160442,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453,160456,160458,160460,160463,160465,160467,160470,160472,160474,160476,160479,160481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160443,160444],{"class":66},"Person ",[60,160446,71],{"class":70},[60,160448,49275],{"class":1683},[60,160450,124],{"class":74},[60,160452,79],{"class":78},[60,160454,160455],{"class":82},"Person",[60,160457,79],{"class":78},[60,160459,88],{"class":74},[60,160461,160462],{"class":74}," (),",[60,160464,75],{"class":74},[60,160466,79],{"class":78},[60,160468,160469],{"class":82},"species",[60,160471,79],{"class":78},[60,160473,258],{"class":74},[60,160475,91],{"class":78},[60,160477,160478],{"class":82},"human",[60,160480,79],{"class":78},[60,160482,30381],{"class":74},[60,160484,160485],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160486,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160488,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160490,140],{"class":139},[60,160492,124],{"class":74},[60,160494,160455],{"class":120},[60,160496,133],{"class":74},[60,160498,160499,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160500,140],{"class":139},[60,160502,124],{"class":74},[60,160504,160455],{"class":120},[60,160506,117],{"class":74},[60,160508,160469],{"class":1723},[60,160510,133],{"class":74},[20,160512,404],{},[51,160514,160516],{"className":53,"code":160515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160517,160518,160533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160519,160520,160522,160524,160526,160529,160531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160521,3205],{"class":70},[60,160523,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160525,214],{"class":78},[60,160527,160528],{"class":82},"__main__.Person",[60,160530,205],{"class":78},[60,160532,3217],{"class":70},[60,160534,160535],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160536,160537],{"class":66},"human\n",[20,160539,160540,160541,160543],{},"Most beginners do ",[41,160542,43],{}," need this form.",[20,160545,160546],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[46,160548,1220,160550],{"id":160549},"when-to-use-type",[15,160551,2221],{},[20,160553,160554,12339],{},[15,160555,2221],{},[260,160557,160558,160561,160564,160567],{},[263,160559,160560],{},"debug unexpected values",[263,160562,160563],{},"check what a conversion produced",[263,160565,160566],{},"learn Python data types",[263,160568,160569],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160571,5382],{},[51,160573,160575],{"className":53,"code":160574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160576,160577,160589,160603,160607,160621],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160578,160579,160581,160583,160585,160587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160580,34573],{"class":66},[60,160582,71],{"class":70},[60,160584,91],{"class":78},[60,160586,50131],{"class":82},[60,160588,3273],{"class":78},[60,160590,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160592,2137],{"class":66},[60,160594,71],{"class":70},[60,160596,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160598,124],{"class":74},[60,160600,34594],{"class":120},[60,160602,133],{"class":74},[60,160604,160605],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160606,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160608,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160610,140],{"class":139},[60,160612,124],{"class":74},[60,160614,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160616,124],{"class":74},[60,160618,34594],{"class":120},[60,160620,1691],{"class":74},[60,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,160624,140],{"class":139},[60,160626,124],{"class":74},[60,160628,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160630,124],{"class":74},[60,160632,2159],{"class":120},[60,160634,1691],{"class":74},[20,160636,404],{},[51,160638,160639],{"className":53,"code":124822,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160640,160641,160655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160642,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651,160653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160644,3205],{"class":70},[60,160646,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160648,214],{"class":78},[60,160650,3358],{"class":82},[60,160652,205],{"class":78},[60,160654,3217],{"class":70},[60,160656,160657,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160658,3205],{"class":70},[60,160660,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160662,214],{"class":78},[60,160664,2108],{"class":82},[60,160666,205],{"class":78},[60,160668,3217],{"class":70},[20,160670,160671],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160673,160674,160675,36,160679,16963,160683,160687],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[30,160676,160677],{"href":42059},[15,160678,47568],{},[30,160680,160681],{"href":2790},[15,160682,2793],{},[30,160684,160685],{"href":2796},[15,160686,2799],{}," are often the next step.",[46,160689,25244],{"id":25243},[20,160691,160692,160693,160695],{},"A few things about ",[15,160694,2221],{}," often confuse beginners.",[337,160697,160699,160702],{"id":160698},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160700,160701],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160704,64531],{},[51,160706,160708],{"className":53,"code":160707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160709,160710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160711,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160713,140],{"class":139},[60,160715,124],{"class":74},[60,160717,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160719,124],{"class":74},[60,160721,2056],{"class":357},[60,160723,1691],{"class":74},[20,160725,122665],{},[51,160727,160728],{"className":53,"code":156177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160729,160730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160731,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160733,3205],{"class":70},[60,160735,3208],{"class":1984},[60,160737,214],{"class":78},[60,160739,2108],{"class":82},[60,160741,205],{"class":78},[60,160743,3217],{"class":70},[20,160745,40790,160746,160748,160749,117],{},[41,160747,43],{}," print just ",[15,160750,2108],{},[20,160752,6588,160753,160755],{},[15,160754,2221],{}," returns a class object.",[337,160757,160759,641,160761],{"id":160758},"input-returns-str",[15,160760,2873],{},[15,160762,3358],{},[20,160764,79430],{},[51,160766,160768],{"className":53,"code":160767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160769,160770,160788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160771,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160773,1700],{"class":66},[60,160775,71],{"class":70},[60,160777,8155],{"class":139},[60,160779,124],{"class":74},[60,160781,79],{"class":78},[60,160783,46195],{"class":82},[60,160785,79],{"class":78},[60,160787,133],{"class":74},[60,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160791,140],{"class":139},[60,160793,124],{"class":74},[60,160795,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160797,124],{"class":74},[60,160799,315],{"class":120},[60,160801,1691],{"class":74},[20,160803,160804],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160806,160807,160808,288,160810,117],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160809,2793],{},[15,160811,2799],{},[337,160813,160815],{"id":160814},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160817,160818],{},"Avoid code like this:",[51,160820,160822],{"className":53,"code":160821,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160823,160824,160832,160836,160862],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160825,160826,160828,160830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160827,1700],{"class":66},[60,160829,71],{"class":70},[60,160831,34727],{"class":357},[60,160833,160834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160835,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160837,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160839,1154],{"class":1153},[60,160841,48789],{"class":1683},[60,160843,124],{"class":74},[60,160845,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160847,124],{"class":74},[60,160849,315],{"class":120},[60,160851,5271],{"class":74},[60,160853,6319],{"class":70},[60,160855,91],{"class":78},[60,160857,159556],{"class":82},[60,160859,79],{"class":78},[60,160861,1168],{"class":74},[60,160863,160864,160866,160868,160870,160873,160875],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160865,7981],{"class":139},[60,160867,124],{"class":74},[60,160869,79],{"class":78},[60,160871,160872],{"class":82},"It is an int",[60,160874,79],{"class":78},[60,160876,133],{"class":74},[20,160878,160879],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160881,160882],{},"Better options:",[51,160884,160886],{"className":53,"code":160885,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160887,160888,160896,160900,160920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160889,160890,160892,160894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160891,1700],{"class":66},[60,160893,71],{"class":70},[60,160895,34727],{"class":357},[60,160897,160898],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160899,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,160901,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,160903,140],{"class":139},[60,160905,124],{"class":74},[60,160907,1684],{"class":1683},[60,160909,124],{"class":74},[60,160911,315],{"class":120},[60,160913,174],{"class":74},[60,160915,6319],{"class":70},[60,160917,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160919,133],{"class":74},[60,160921,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,160923,140],{"class":139},[60,160925,124],{"class":74},[60,160927,48760],{"class":139},[60,160929,124],{"class":74},[60,160931,315],{"class":120},[60,160933,88],{"class":74},[60,160935,45162],{"class":1683},[60,160937,1691],{"class":74},[20,160939,404],{},[51,160941,160942],{"className":53,"code":4416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160943,160944,160948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160945,160946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160947,3892],{"class":734},[60,160949,160950],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160951,3892],{"class":734},[20,160953,160954,160955,160957],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160956,44691],{}," is the more useful check.",[46,160959,1245],{"id":1244},[20,160961,14624,160962,258],{},[15,160963,2221],{},[260,160965,160966,160976,160985,160994],{},[263,160967,8331,160968,160970,160971,160975],{},[15,160969,2221],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[30,160972,160973],{"href":8132},[15,160974,2873],{}," always returns a string",[263,160977,1254,160978,160980,160981,10994,160983],{},[15,160979,2221],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160982,2108],{},[15,160984,159556],{},[263,160986,8331,160987,44515,160990,160993],{},[15,160988,160989],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160991,160992],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[263,160995,160996],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160998,160999,161000,117],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[30,161001,161003],{"href":161002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161005,144331],{},[51,161007,161009],{"className":53,"code":161008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161010,161011,161025,161035,161049,161059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161012,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161014,140],{"class":139},[60,161016,124],{"class":74},[60,161018,1684],{"class":1683},[60,161020,124],{"class":74},[60,161022,315],{"class":120},[60,161024,1691],{"class":74},[60,161026,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161028,140],{"class":139},[60,161030,124],{"class":74},[60,161032,315],{"class":120},[60,161034,133],{"class":74},[60,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161038,140],{"class":139},[60,161040,124],{"class":74},[60,161042,41664],{"class":139},[60,161044,124],{"class":74},[60,161046,315],{"class":120},[60,161048,1691],{"class":74},[60,161050,161051,161053,161055,161057],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,161052,1713],{"class":139},[60,161054,124],{"class":74},[60,161056,1684],{"class":1683},[60,161058,133],{"class":74},[60,161060,161061,161063,161065,161067],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,161062,34257],{"class":139},[60,161064,124],{"class":74},[60,161066,315],{"class":120},[60,161068,133],{"class":74},[20,161070,161071],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[46,161073,1746],{"id":1745},[337,161075,1760,161077,5055],{"id":161076},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161078,2221],{},[20,161080,161081,161082,36,161084,36,161086,2112,161088,161090,161091,117],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161083,3358],{},[15,161085,2108],{},[15,161087,8006],{},[15,161089,8733],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161092,159553],{},[337,161094,14794,161096,57091,161098,1779],{"id":161095},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161097,2221],{},[15,161099,44691],{},[20,161101,1801,161102,161104,161105,161107],{},[15,161103,2221],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161106,44691],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[337,161109,5067,161111,161114,161115,1779],{"id":161110},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161112,161113],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161116,3358],{},[20,161118,28946,161119,161121,161122,288,161124,160215],{},[15,161120,2873],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161123,2793],{},[15,161125,2799],{},[337,161127,5079,161129,161131],{"id":161128},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161130,2221],{}," create classes?",[20,161133,161134,161135,117],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161136,161137],{},"type(object)",[46,161139,1808],{"id":1807},[260,161141,161142,161146,161152,161158,161162,161168,161174],{},[263,161143,161144],{},[30,161145,44683],{"href":48863},[263,161147,161148],{},[30,161149,3491,161150,3424],{"href":160394},[15,161151,44691],{},[263,161153,161154],{},[30,161155,3491,161156,3424],{"href":8132},[15,161157,2873],{},[263,161159,161160],{},[30,161161,8967],{"href":8889},[263,161163,161164],{},[30,161165,3491,161166,3424],{"href":2790},[15,161167,2793],{},[263,161169,161170],{},[30,161171,3491,161172,3424],{"href":2796},[15,161173,2799],{},[263,161175,161176],{},[30,161177,3491,161178,3424],{"href":42059},[15,161179,47568],{},[1841,161181,161182],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":161184},[161185,161186,161188,161189,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161205,161206,161216],{"id":3524,"depth":111,"text":3525},{"id":159559,"depth":111,"text":161187},"What the type() function does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":121633,"depth":111,"text":121634},{"id":159917,"depth":111,"text":161191},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160223,"depth":111,"text":161193},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160399,"depth":111,"text":161195},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160549,"depth":111,"text":161197},"When to use type()",{"id":25243,"depth":111,"text":25244,"children":161199},[161200,161202,161204],{"id":160698,"depth":136,"text":161201},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160758,"depth":136,"text":161203},"input() returns str",{"id":160814,"depth":136,"text":160815},{"id":1244,"depth":111,"text":1245},{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":161207},[161208,161210,161212,161214],{"id":161076,"depth":136,"text":161209},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161095,"depth":136,"text":161211},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161110,"depth":136,"text":161213},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161128,"depth":136,"text":161215},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159393,"description":161217},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161223,"title":161224,"body":161225,"description":163704,"extension":1883,"meta":163705,"navigation":152,"path":163706,"seo":163707,"stem":163708,"__hash__":163709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161226,"toc":163661},[161227,161232,161237,161246,161248,161348,161350,161375,161380,161385,161401,161404,161406,161408,161433,161436,161439,161522,161524,161573,161576,161698,161700,161773,161777,161780,161894,161896,161922,161924,161945,161950,161954,161959,161962,162066,162068,162085,162094,162097,162184,162186,162197,162202,162208,162213,162219,162222,162315,162317,162366,162372,162375,162476,162478,162531,162536,162540,162543,162642,162644,162683,162686,162691,162693,162698,162702,162815,162819,162916,162920,163008,163010,163027,163031,163154,163160,163166,163172,163177,163180,163207,163211,163213,163307,163310,163314,163317,163404,163407,163442,163444,163481,163484,163492,163497,163502,163576,163583,163585,163590,163593,163599,163602,163608,163613,163619,163624,163628,163631,163633,163658],[10,161228,3491,161230,3495],{"id":161229},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161231,64207],{},[20,161233,161234,161236],{},[15,161235,64207],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161238,161239,161240,161242,161243,161245],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161241,64207],{}," inside a ",[15,161244,5869],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[46,161247,49],{"id":48},[51,161249,161251],{"className":53,"code":161250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161252,161253,161285,161305,161309,161334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161254,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161256,4905],{"class":66},[60,161258,71],{"class":70},[60,161260,1512],{"class":74},[60,161262,79],{"class":78},[60,161264,12774],{"class":82},[60,161266,79],{"class":78},[60,161268,88],{"class":74},[60,161270,91],{"class":78},[60,161272,35827],{"class":82},[60,161274,79],{"class":78},[60,161276,88],{"class":74},[60,161278,91],{"class":78},[60,161280,35836],{"class":82},[60,161282,79],{"class":78},[60,161284,1525],{"class":74},[60,161286,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161288,4974],{"class":66},[60,161290,71],{"class":70},[60,161292,1512],{"class":74},[60,161294,13393],{"class":357},[60,161296,88],{"class":74},[60,161298,13398],{"class":357},[60,161300,88],{"class":74},[60,161302,28805],{"class":357},[60,161304,1525],{"class":74},[60,161306,161307],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161308,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,161310,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,161312,5869],{"class":1153},[60,161314,35878],{"class":66},[60,161316,88],{"class":74},[60,161318,5016],{"class":66},[60,161320,1703],{"class":1153},[60,161322,161323],{"class":139}," zip",[60,161325,124],{"class":74},[60,161327,4949],{"class":120},[60,161329,88],{"class":74},[60,161331,5021],{"class":120},[60,161333,8255],{"class":74},[60,161335,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,161337,7981],{"class":139},[60,161339,124],{"class":74},[60,161341,7580],{"class":120},[60,161343,88],{"class":74},[60,161345,130611],{"class":120},[60,161347,133],{"class":74},[20,161349,404],{},[51,161351,161353],{"className":53,"code":161352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161354,161355,161361,161368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161356,161357,161359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161358,133630],{"class":66},[60,161360,33021],{"class":357},[60,161362,161363,161366],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161364,161365],{"class":66},"Ben ",[60,161367,33026],{"class":357},[60,161369,161370,161373],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161371,161372],{"class":66},"Cara ",[60,161374,33031],{"class":357},[20,161376,243,161377,161379],{},[15,161378,64207],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[46,161381,250,161383,253],{"id":161382},"what-zip-does",[15,161384,64207],{},[260,161386,161387,161392,161395,161398],{},[263,161388,161389,161391],{},[15,161390,64207],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[263,161393,161394],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[263,161396,161397],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[263,161399,161400],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161402,161403],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[46,161405,296],{"id":295},[20,161407,7129],{},[51,161409,161411],{"className":53,"code":161410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161412,161413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161414,161415,161417,161419,161422,161424,161427,161429,161431],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161416,64277],{"class":139},[60,161418,124],{"class":74},[60,161420,161421],{"class":120},"iterable1",[60,161423,88],{"class":74},[60,161425,161426],{"class":120}," iterable2",[60,161428,88],{"class":74},[60,161430,34339],{"class":139},[60,161432,133],{"class":74},[20,161434,161435],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161437,161438],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[51,161440,161442],{"className":53,"code":161441,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161443,161444,161464,161496,161500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161445,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161447,350],{"class":66},[60,161449,71],{"class":70},[60,161451,1512],{"class":74},[60,161453,358],{"class":357},[60,161455,88],{"class":74},[60,161457,363],{"class":357},[60,161459,88],{"class":74},[60,161461,368],{"class":357},[60,161463,1525],{"class":74},[60,161465,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161467,1411],{"class":66},[60,161469,71],{"class":70},[60,161471,1512],{"class":74},[60,161473,79],{"class":78},[60,161475,30],{"class":82},[60,161477,79],{"class":78},[60,161479,88],{"class":74},[60,161481,91],{"class":78},[60,161483,1428],{"class":82},[60,161485,79],{"class":78},[60,161487,88],{"class":74},[60,161489,91],{"class":78},[60,161491,1437],{"class":82},[60,161493,79],{"class":78},[60,161495,1525],{"class":74},[60,161497,161498],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161499,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,161501,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,161503,140],{"class":139},[60,161505,124],{"class":74},[60,161507,8006],{"class":1683},[60,161509,124],{"class":74},[60,161511,64277],{"class":139},[60,161513,124],{"class":74},[60,161515,380],{"class":120},[60,161517,88],{"class":74},[60,161519,69984],{"class":120},[60,161521,2827],{"class":74},[20,161523,404],{},[51,161525,161527],{"className":53,"code":161526,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161528,161529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161530,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161532,21629],{"class":74},[60,161534,358],{"class":357},[60,161536,88],{"class":74},[60,161538,214],{"class":78},[60,161540,30],{"class":82},[60,161542,205],{"class":78},[60,161544,9141],{"class":74},[60,161546,9144],{"class":74},[60,161548,1303],{"class":357},[60,161550,88],{"class":74},[60,161552,214],{"class":78},[60,161554,1428],{"class":82},[60,161556,205],{"class":78},[60,161558,9141],{"class":74},[60,161560,9144],{"class":74},[60,161562,389],{"class":357},[60,161564,88],{"class":74},[60,161566,214],{"class":78},[60,161568,1437],{"class":82},[60,161570,205],{"class":78},[60,161572,9157],{"class":74},[20,161574,161575],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[51,161577,161579],{"className":53,"code":161578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161580,161581,161613,161633,161667,161671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161582,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161584,4905],{"class":66},[60,161586,71],{"class":70},[60,161588,1512],{"class":74},[60,161590,79],{"class":78},[60,161592,12774],{"class":82},[60,161594,79],{"class":78},[60,161596,88],{"class":74},[60,161598,91],{"class":78},[60,161600,35827],{"class":82},[60,161602,79],{"class":78},[60,161604,88],{"class":74},[60,161606,91],{"class":78},[60,161608,35836],{"class":82},[60,161610,79],{"class":78},[60,161612,1525],{"class":74},[60,161614,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161616,4974],{"class":66},[60,161618,71],{"class":70},[60,161620,1512],{"class":74},[60,161622,13393],{"class":357},[60,161624,88],{"class":74},[60,161626,13398],{"class":357},[60,161628,88],{"class":74},[60,161630,28805],{"class":357},[60,161632,1525],{"class":74},[60,161634,161635,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161663,161665],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161636,161637],{"class":66},"grades ",[60,161639,71],{"class":70},[60,161641,1512],{"class":74},[60,161643,79],{"class":78},[60,161645,22133],{"class":82},[60,161647,79],{"class":78},[60,161649,88],{"class":74},[60,161651,91],{"class":78},[60,161653,30485],{"class":82},[60,161655,79],{"class":78},[60,161657,88],{"class":74},[60,161659,91],{"class":78},[60,161661,161662],{"class":82},"B+",[60,161664,79],{"class":78},[60,161666,1525],{"class":74},[60,161668,161669],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,161670,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,161672,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161696],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,161674,140],{"class":139},[60,161676,124],{"class":74},[60,161678,8006],{"class":1683},[60,161680,124],{"class":74},[60,161682,64277],{"class":139},[60,161684,124],{"class":74},[60,161686,4949],{"class":120},[60,161688,88],{"class":74},[60,161690,5021],{"class":120},[60,161692,88],{"class":74},[60,161694,161695],{"class":120}," grades",[60,161697,2827],{"class":74},[20,161699,404],{},[51,161701,161703],{"className":53,"code":161702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161704,161705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161706,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161708,21629],{"class":74},[60,161710,205],{"class":78},[60,161712,12774],{"class":82},[60,161714,205],{"class":78},[60,161716,88],{"class":74},[60,161718,19787],{"class":357},[60,161720,88],{"class":74},[60,161722,214],{"class":78},[60,161724,22133],{"class":82},[60,161726,205],{"class":78},[60,161728,9141],{"class":74},[60,161730,9144],{"class":74},[60,161732,205],{"class":78},[60,161734,35827],{"class":82},[60,161736,205],{"class":78},[60,161738,88],{"class":74},[60,161740,13398],{"class":357},[60,161742,88],{"class":74},[60,161744,214],{"class":78},[60,161746,30485],{"class":82},[60,161748,205],{"class":78},[60,161750,9141],{"class":74},[60,161752,9144],{"class":74},[60,161754,205],{"class":78},[60,161756,35836],{"class":82},[60,161758,205],{"class":78},[60,161760,88],{"class":74},[60,161762,28805],{"class":357},[60,161764,88],{"class":74},[60,161766,214],{"class":78},[60,161768,161662],{"class":82},[60,161770,205],{"class":78},[60,161772,9157],{"class":74},[46,161774,161776],{"id":161775},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161778,161779],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[51,161781,161783],{"className":53,"code":161782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161784,161785,161817,161837,161841,161865],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161786,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161788,4905],{"class":66},[60,161790,71],{"class":70},[60,161792,1512],{"class":74},[60,161794,79],{"class":78},[60,161796,12774],{"class":82},[60,161798,79],{"class":78},[60,161800,88],{"class":74},[60,161802,91],{"class":78},[60,161804,35827],{"class":82},[60,161806,79],{"class":78},[60,161808,88],{"class":74},[60,161810,91],{"class":78},[60,161812,35836],{"class":82},[60,161814,79],{"class":78},[60,161816,1525],{"class":74},[60,161818,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161820,4974],{"class":66},[60,161822,71],{"class":70},[60,161824,1512],{"class":74},[60,161826,13393],{"class":357},[60,161828,88],{"class":74},[60,161830,13398],{"class":357},[60,161832,88],{"class":74},[60,161834,28805],{"class":357},[60,161836,1525],{"class":74},[60,161838,161839],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161840,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,161842,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,161844,5869],{"class":1153},[60,161846,35878],{"class":66},[60,161848,88],{"class":74},[60,161850,5016],{"class":66},[60,161852,1703],{"class":1153},[60,161854,161323],{"class":139},[60,161856,124],{"class":74},[60,161858,4949],{"class":120},[60,161860,88],{"class":74},[60,161862,5021],{"class":120},[60,161864,8255],{"class":74},[60,161866,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,161868,7981],{"class":139},[60,161870,124],{"class":74},[60,161872,22182],{"class":1984},[60,161874,79],{"class":82},[60,161876,202],{"class":357},[60,161878,7580],{"class":120},[60,161880,22191],{"class":357},[60,161882,161883],{"class":82}," scored ",[60,161885,202],{"class":357},[60,161887,85408],{"class":120},[60,161889,22191],{"class":357},[60,161891,79],{"class":82},[60,161893,133],{"class":74},[20,161895,404],{},[51,161897,161899],{"className":53,"code":161898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161900,161901,161908,161915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161902,161903,161906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161904,161905],{"class":66},"Ana scored ",[60,161907,33021],{"class":357},[60,161909,161910,161913],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161911,161912],{"class":66},"Ben scored ",[60,161914,33026],{"class":357},[60,161916,161917,161920],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,161918,161919],{"class":66},"Cara scored ",[60,161921,33031],{"class":357},[20,161923,44816],{},[260,161925,161926,161935,161938],{},[263,161927,161928,161931,161932],{},[15,161929,161930],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161933,161934],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[263,161936,161937],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[263,161939,161940,1776,161942,161944],{},[15,161941,7580],{},[15,161943,85408],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161946,161947,161948,117],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[30,161949,69501],{"href":69500},[46,161951,161953],{"id":161952},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161955,161956,161958],{},[15,161957,64207],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161960,161961],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[51,161963,161965],{"className":53,"code":161964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161966,161967,162008,162024,162028,162052],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161968,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162004,162006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161970,4905],{"class":66},[60,161972,71],{"class":70},[60,161974,1512],{"class":74},[60,161976,79],{"class":78},[60,161978,12774],{"class":82},[60,161980,79],{"class":78},[60,161982,88],{"class":74},[60,161984,91],{"class":78},[60,161986,35827],{"class":82},[60,161988,79],{"class":78},[60,161990,88],{"class":74},[60,161992,91],{"class":78},[60,161994,35836],{"class":82},[60,161996,79],{"class":78},[60,161998,88],{"class":74},[60,162000,91],{"class":78},[60,162002,162003],{"class":82},"Dan",[60,162005,79],{"class":78},[60,162007,1525],{"class":74},[60,162009,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162011,4974],{"class":66},[60,162013,71],{"class":70},[60,162015,1512],{"class":74},[60,162017,13393],{"class":357},[60,162019,88],{"class":74},[60,162021,13398],{"class":357},[60,162023,1525],{"class":74},[60,162025,162026],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162027,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162029,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162031,5869],{"class":1153},[60,162033,35878],{"class":66},[60,162035,88],{"class":74},[60,162037,5016],{"class":66},[60,162039,1703],{"class":1153},[60,162041,161323],{"class":139},[60,162043,124],{"class":74},[60,162045,4949],{"class":120},[60,162047,88],{"class":74},[60,162049,5021],{"class":120},[60,162051,8255],{"class":74},[60,162053,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162055,7981],{"class":139},[60,162057,124],{"class":74},[60,162059,7580],{"class":120},[60,162061,88],{"class":74},[60,162063,130611],{"class":120},[60,162065,133],{"class":74},[20,162067,404],{},[51,162069,162071],{"className":53,"code":162070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162072,162073,162079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162074,162075,162077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162076,133630],{"class":66},[60,162078,33021],{"class":357},[60,162080,162081,162083],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162082,161365],{"class":66},[60,162084,33026],{"class":357},[20,162086,2205,162087,1776,162090,162093],{},[15,162088,162089],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162091,162092],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162095,162096],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[51,162098,162100],{"className":53,"code":162099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162101,162102,162142,162158,162162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162103,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162105,4905],{"class":66},[60,162107,71],{"class":70},[60,162109,1512],{"class":74},[60,162111,79],{"class":78},[60,162113,12774],{"class":82},[60,162115,79],{"class":78},[60,162117,88],{"class":74},[60,162119,91],{"class":78},[60,162121,35827],{"class":82},[60,162123,79],{"class":78},[60,162125,88],{"class":74},[60,162127,91],{"class":78},[60,162129,35836],{"class":82},[60,162131,79],{"class":78},[60,162133,88],{"class":74},[60,162135,91],{"class":78},[60,162137,162003],{"class":82},[60,162139,79],{"class":78},[60,162141,1525],{"class":74},[60,162143,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162145,4974],{"class":66},[60,162147,71],{"class":70},[60,162149,1512],{"class":74},[60,162151,13393],{"class":357},[60,162153,88],{"class":74},[60,162155,13398],{"class":357},[60,162157,1525],{"class":74},[60,162159,162160],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162161,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162163,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162165,140],{"class":139},[60,162167,124],{"class":74},[60,162169,11064],{"class":139},[60,162171,124],{"class":74},[60,162173,4949],{"class":120},[60,162175,9141],{"class":74},[60,162177,38270],{"class":139},[60,162179,124],{"class":74},[60,162181,16280],{"class":120},[60,162183,1691],{"class":74},[20,162185,404],{},[51,162187,162189],{"className":53,"code":162188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4 2\n",[15,162190,162191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162192,162193,162195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162194,2421],{"class":357},[60,162196,45475],{"class":357},[20,162198,162199,162200,117],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162201,64207],{},[46,162203,91999,162205,162207],{"id":162204},"converting-zip-output",[15,162206,64207],{}," output",[20,162209,28946,162210,162212],{},[15,162211,64207],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[337,162214,243,162216],{"id":162215},"use-listzip",[15,162217,162218],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162220,162221],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[51,162223,162225],{"className":53,"code":162224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162226,162227,162259,162279,162283,162305],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162228,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162230,4905],{"class":66},[60,162232,71],{"class":70},[60,162234,1512],{"class":74},[60,162236,79],{"class":78},[60,162238,12774],{"class":82},[60,162240,79],{"class":78},[60,162242,88],{"class":74},[60,162244,91],{"class":78},[60,162246,35827],{"class":82},[60,162248,79],{"class":78},[60,162250,88],{"class":74},[60,162252,91],{"class":78},[60,162254,35836],{"class":82},[60,162256,79],{"class":78},[60,162258,1525],{"class":74},[60,162260,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162262,4974],{"class":66},[60,162264,71],{"class":70},[60,162266,1512],{"class":74},[60,162268,13393],{"class":357},[60,162270,88],{"class":74},[60,162272,13398],{"class":357},[60,162274,88],{"class":74},[60,162276,28805],{"class":357},[60,162278,1525],{"class":74},[60,162280,162281],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162282,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162284,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162286,9123],{"class":66},[60,162288,71],{"class":70},[60,162290,22446],{"class":1683},[60,162292,124],{"class":74},[60,162294,64277],{"class":139},[60,162296,124],{"class":74},[60,162298,4949],{"class":120},[60,162300,88],{"class":74},[60,162302,5021],{"class":120},[60,162304,1691],{"class":74},[60,162306,162307,162309,162311,162313],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162308,140],{"class":139},[60,162310,124],{"class":74},[60,162312,9170],{"class":120},[60,162314,133],{"class":74},[20,162316,404],{},[51,162318,162320],{"className":53,"code":162319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162321,162322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162323,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162325,21629],{"class":74},[60,162327,205],{"class":78},[60,162329,12774],{"class":82},[60,162331,205],{"class":78},[60,162333,88],{"class":74},[60,162335,19787],{"class":357},[60,162337,9141],{"class":74},[60,162339,9144],{"class":74},[60,162341,205],{"class":78},[60,162343,35827],{"class":82},[60,162345,205],{"class":78},[60,162347,88],{"class":74},[60,162349,13398],{"class":357},[60,162351,9141],{"class":74},[60,162353,9144],{"class":74},[60,162355,205],{"class":78},[60,162357,35836],{"class":82},[60,162359,205],{"class":78},[60,162361,88],{"class":74},[60,162363,28805],{"class":357},[60,162365,9157],{"class":74},[337,162367,243,162369],{"id":162368},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162370,162371],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162373,162374],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[51,162376,162378],{"className":53,"code":162377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162379,162380,162412,162440,162444,162466],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162381,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162383,17133],{"class":66},[60,162385,71],{"class":70},[60,162387,1512],{"class":74},[60,162389,79],{"class":78},[60,162391,7580],{"class":82},[60,162393,79],{"class":78},[60,162395,88],{"class":74},[60,162397,91],{"class":78},[60,162399,9206],{"class":82},[60,162401,79],{"class":78},[60,162403,88],{"class":74},[60,162405,91],{"class":78},[60,162407,10315],{"class":82},[60,162409,79],{"class":78},[60,162411,1525],{"class":74},[60,162413,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162415,3736],{"class":66},[60,162417,71],{"class":70},[60,162419,1512],{"class":74},[60,162421,79],{"class":78},[60,162423,12774],{"class":82},[60,162425,79],{"class":78},[60,162427,88],{"class":74},[60,162429,9213],{"class":357},[60,162431,88],{"class":74},[60,162433,91],{"class":78},[60,162435,15922],{"class":82},[60,162437,79],{"class":78},[60,162439,1525],{"class":74},[60,162441,162442],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162443,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162445,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162447,13095],{"class":66},[60,162449,71],{"class":70},[60,162451,9079],{"class":1683},[60,162453,124],{"class":74},[60,162455,64277],{"class":139},[60,162457,124],{"class":74},[60,162459,16814],{"class":120},[60,162461,88],{"class":74},[60,162463,3798],{"class":120},[60,162465,1691],{"class":74},[60,162467,162468,162470,162472,162474],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162469,140],{"class":139},[60,162471,124],{"class":74},[60,162473,17198],{"class":120},[60,162475,133],{"class":74},[20,162477,404],{},[51,162479,162481],{"className":53,"code":162480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162482,162483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162484,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162486,202],{"class":74},[60,162488,205],{"class":78},[60,162490,7580],{"class":82},[60,162492,205],{"class":78},[60,162494,258],{"class":74},[60,162496,214],{"class":78},[60,162498,12774],{"class":82},[60,162500,205],{"class":78},[60,162502,88],{"class":74},[60,162504,214],{"class":78},[60,162506,9206],{"class":82},[60,162508,205],{"class":78},[60,162510,258],{"class":74},[60,162512,9213],{"class":357},[60,162514,88],{"class":74},[60,162516,214],{"class":78},[60,162518,10315],{"class":82},[60,162520,205],{"class":78},[60,162522,258],{"class":74},[60,162524,214],{"class":78},[60,162526,15922],{"class":82},[60,162528,205],{"class":78},[60,162530,108],{"class":74},[20,162532,162533,162534,117],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[30,162535,30972],{"href":30971},[337,162537,162539],{"id":162538},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162541,162542],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[51,162544,162546],{"className":53,"code":162545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162547,162548,162572,162588,162592,162610,162614,162628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162549,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162551,4905],{"class":66},[60,162553,71],{"class":70},[60,162555,1512],{"class":74},[60,162557,79],{"class":78},[60,162559,12774],{"class":82},[60,162561,79],{"class":78},[60,162563,88],{"class":74},[60,162565,91],{"class":78},[60,162567,35827],{"class":82},[60,162569,79],{"class":78},[60,162571,1525],{"class":74},[60,162573,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162575,4974],{"class":66},[60,162577,71],{"class":70},[60,162579,1512],{"class":74},[60,162581,13393],{"class":357},[60,162583,88],{"class":74},[60,162585,13398],{"class":357},[60,162587,1525],{"class":74},[60,162589,162590],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162591,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162593,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162595,9123],{"class":66},[60,162597,71],{"class":70},[60,162599,161323],{"class":139},[60,162601,124],{"class":74},[60,162603,4949],{"class":120},[60,162605,88],{"class":74},[60,162607,5021],{"class":120},[60,162609,133],{"class":74},[60,162611,162612],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162613,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162615,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,162617,140],{"class":139},[60,162619,124],{"class":74},[60,162621,8006],{"class":1683},[60,162623,124],{"class":74},[60,162625,9170],{"class":120},[60,162627,1691],{"class":74},[60,162629,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,162631,140],{"class":139},[60,162633,124],{"class":74},[60,162635,8006],{"class":1683},[60,162637,124],{"class":74},[60,162639,9170],{"class":120},[60,162641,1691],{"class":74},[20,162643,404],{},[51,162645,162647],{"className":53,"code":162646,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162648,162649,162679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162650,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162652,21629],{"class":74},[60,162654,205],{"class":78},[60,162656,12774],{"class":82},[60,162658,205],{"class":78},[60,162660,88],{"class":74},[60,162662,19787],{"class":357},[60,162664,9141],{"class":74},[60,162666,9144],{"class":74},[60,162668,205],{"class":78},[60,162670,35827],{"class":82},[60,162672,205],{"class":78},[60,162674,88],{"class":74},[60,162676,13398],{"class":357},[60,162678,9157],{"class":74},[60,162680,162681],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162682,38181],{"class":74},[20,162684,162685],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162687,162688,162689,117],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[30,162690,5047],{"href":5497},[46,162692,40930],{"id":40929},[20,162694,162695,162696,117],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162697,64207],{},[337,162699,162701],{"id":162700},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[51,162703,162705],{"className":53,"code":162704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162706,162707,162739,162759,162763,162787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162708,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162710,4905],{"class":66},[60,162712,71],{"class":70},[60,162714,1512],{"class":74},[60,162716,79],{"class":78},[60,162718,12774],{"class":82},[60,162720,79],{"class":78},[60,162722,88],{"class":74},[60,162724,91],{"class":78},[60,162726,35827],{"class":82},[60,162728,79],{"class":78},[60,162730,88],{"class":74},[60,162732,91],{"class":78},[60,162734,35836],{"class":82},[60,162736,79],{"class":78},[60,162738,1525],{"class":74},[60,162740,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162742,4974],{"class":66},[60,162744,71],{"class":70},[60,162746,1512],{"class":74},[60,162748,13393],{"class":357},[60,162750,88],{"class":74},[60,162752,13398],{"class":357},[60,162754,88],{"class":74},[60,162756,28805],{"class":357},[60,162758,1525],{"class":74},[60,162760,162761],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162762,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162764,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162766,5869],{"class":1153},[60,162768,35878],{"class":66},[60,162770,88],{"class":74},[60,162772,5016],{"class":66},[60,162774,1703],{"class":1153},[60,162776,161323],{"class":139},[60,162778,124],{"class":74},[60,162780,4949],{"class":120},[60,162782,88],{"class":74},[60,162784,5021],{"class":120},[60,162786,8255],{"class":74},[60,162788,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162790,7981],{"class":139},[60,162792,124],{"class":74},[60,162794,22182],{"class":1984},[60,162796,79],{"class":82},[60,162798,202],{"class":357},[60,162800,7580],{"class":120},[60,162802,22191],{"class":357},[60,162804,22194],{"class":82},[60,162806,202],{"class":357},[60,162808,85408],{"class":120},[60,162810,22191],{"class":357},[60,162812,79],{"class":82},[60,162814,133],{"class":74},[337,162816,162818],{"id":162817},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[51,162820,162822],{"className":53,"code":162821,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162823,162824,162856,162880,162884,162906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162825,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162827,17133],{"class":66},[60,162829,71],{"class":70},[60,162831,1512],{"class":74},[60,162833,79],{"class":78},[60,162835,12544],{"class":82},[60,162837,79],{"class":78},[60,162839,88],{"class":74},[60,162841,91],{"class":78},[60,162843,7580],{"class":82},[60,162845,79],{"class":78},[60,162847,88],{"class":74},[60,162849,91],{"class":78},[60,162851,15712],{"class":82},[60,162853,79],{"class":78},[60,162855,1525],{"class":74},[60,162857,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162859,3736],{"class":66},[60,162861,71],{"class":70},[60,162863,1512],{"class":74},[60,162865,46476],{"class":357},[60,162867,88],{"class":74},[60,162869,91],{"class":78},[60,162871,12774],{"class":82},[60,162873,79],{"class":78},[60,162875,88],{"class":74},[60,162877,3828],{"class":734},[60,162879,1525],{"class":74},[60,162881,162882],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162883,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162885,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162887,1613],{"class":66},[60,162889,71],{"class":70},[60,162891,9079],{"class":1683},[60,162893,124],{"class":74},[60,162895,64277],{"class":139},[60,162897,124],{"class":74},[60,162899,16814],{"class":120},[60,162901,88],{"class":74},[60,162903,3798],{"class":120},[60,162905,1691],{"class":74},[60,162907,162908,162910,162912,162914],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162909,140],{"class":139},[60,162911,124],{"class":74},[60,162913,1634],{"class":120},[60,162915,133],{"class":74},[337,162917,162919],{"id":162918},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[51,162921,162923],{"className":53,"code":162922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162924,162925,162945,162965,162969,162994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162928,80546],{"class":66},[60,162930,71],{"class":70},[60,162932,1512],{"class":74},[60,162934,2250],{"class":357},[60,162936,88],{"class":74},[60,162938,7702],{"class":357},[60,162940,88],{"class":74},[60,162942,7707],{"class":357},[60,162944,1525],{"class":74},[60,162946,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162948,80567],{"class":66},[60,162950,71],{"class":70},[60,162952,1512],{"class":74},[60,162954,2250],{"class":357},[60,162956,88],{"class":74},[60,162958,9213],{"class":357},[60,162960,88],{"class":74},[60,162962,7707],{"class":357},[60,162964,1525],{"class":74},[60,162966,162967],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,162968,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,162970,162971,162973,162975,162977,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,162972,5869],{"class":1153},[60,162974,56773],{"class":66},[60,162976,88],{"class":74},[60,162978,162979],{"class":66}," b ",[60,162981,1703],{"class":1153},[60,162983,161323],{"class":139},[60,162985,124],{"class":74},[60,162987,111498],{"class":120},[60,162989,88],{"class":74},[60,162991,80610],{"class":120},[60,162993,8255],{"class":74},[60,162995,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,162997,7981],{"class":139},[60,162999,124],{"class":74},[60,163001,2471],{"class":120},[60,163003,4599],{"class":70},[60,163005,2476],{"class":120},[60,163007,133],{"class":74},[20,163009,404],{},[51,163011,163013],{"className":53,"code":163012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163014,163015,163019,163023],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163016,163017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163018,3892],{"class":734},[60,163020,163021],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163022,3953],{"class":734},[60,163024,163025],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,163026,3892],{"class":734},[337,163028,163030],{"id":163029},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[51,163032,163034],{"className":53,"code":163033,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163035,163036,163071,163094,163098,163125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163037,163038,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163058,163060,163062,163064,163067,163069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163039,163040],{"class":66},"products ",[60,163042,71],{"class":70},[60,163044,1512],{"class":74},[60,163046,79],{"class":78},[60,163048,25027],{"class":82},[60,163050,79],{"class":78},[60,163052,88],{"class":74},[60,163054,91],{"class":78},[60,163056,163057],{"class":82},"Pen",[60,163059,79],{"class":78},[60,163061,88],{"class":74},[60,163063,91],{"class":78},[60,163065,163066],{"class":82},"Bag",[60,163068,79],{"class":78},[60,163070,1525],{"class":74},[60,163072,163073,163075,163077,163079,163082,163084,163087,163089,163092],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163074,82936],{"class":66},[60,163076,71],{"class":70},[60,163078,1512],{"class":74},[60,163080,163081],{"class":357},"12.5",[60,163083,88],{"class":74},[60,163085,163086],{"class":357}," 1.2",[60,163088,88],{"class":74},[60,163090,163091],{"class":357}," 25.0",[60,163093,1525],{"class":74},[60,163095,163096],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,163097,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163109,163111,163113,163115,163118,163120,163123],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,163101,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163103,25088],{"class":66},[60,163105,88],{"class":74},[60,163107,163108],{"class":66}," price ",[60,163110,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163112,161323],{"class":139},[60,163114,124],{"class":74},[60,163116,163117],{"class":120},"products",[60,163119,88],{"class":74},[60,163121,163122],{"class":120}," prices",[60,163124,8255],{"class":74},[60,163126,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,163128,7981],{"class":139},[60,163130,124],{"class":74},[60,163132,22182],{"class":1984},[60,163134,79],{"class":82},[60,163136,202],{"class":357},[60,163138,26894],{"class":120},[60,163140,22191],{"class":357},[60,163142,163143],{"class":82}," costs $",[60,163145,202],{"class":357},[60,163147,25036],{"class":120},[60,163149,22191],{"class":357},[60,163151,79],{"class":82},[60,163153,133],{"class":74},[20,163155,36485,163156,117],{},[30,163157,163159],{"href":163158},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[46,163161,163163,163164],{"id":163162},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163165,64207],{},[337,163167,1254,163169,163171],{"id":163168},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163170,64207],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163173,163174,163176],{},[15,163175,64207],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163178,163179],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[51,163181,163183],{"className":53,"code":163182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163184,163185],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163186,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163188,140],{"class":139},[60,163190,124],{"class":74},[60,163192,11064],{"class":139},[60,163194,124],{"class":74},[60,163196,111498],{"class":120},[60,163198,9141],{"class":74},[60,163200,38270],{"class":139},[60,163202,124],{"class":74},[60,163204,80833],{"class":120},[60,163206,1691],{"class":74},[337,163208,163210],{"id":163209},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163212,68724],{},[51,163214,163216],{"className":53,"code":163215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163217,163218,163254,163258,163271,163281,163285,163297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163219,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163221,9123],{"class":66},[60,163223,71],{"class":70},[60,163225,161323],{"class":139},[60,163227,1641],{"class":74},[60,163229,358],{"class":357},[60,163231,88],{"class":74},[60,163233,363],{"class":357},[60,163235,17952],{"class":74},[60,163237,1512],{"class":74},[60,163239,79],{"class":78},[60,163241,30],{"class":82},[60,163243,79],{"class":78},[60,163245,88],{"class":74},[60,163247,91],{"class":78},[60,163249,1428],{"class":82},[60,163251,79],{"class":78},[60,163253,1646],{"class":74},[60,163255,163256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163257,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,163259,163260,163262,163264,163266,163269],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,163261,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163263,5872],{"class":66},[60,163265,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163267,163268],{"class":66}," pairs",[60,163270,1168],{"class":74},[60,163272,163273,163275,163277,163279],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,163274,7981],{"class":139},[60,163276,124],{"class":74},[60,163278,23197],{"class":120},[60,163280,133],{"class":74},[60,163282,163283],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,163284,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295],{"class":62,"line":181},[60,163288,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163290,5872],{"class":66},[60,163292,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163294,163268],{"class":66},[60,163296,1168],{"class":74},[60,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305],{"class":62,"line":574},[60,163300,7981],{"class":139},[60,163302,124],{"class":74},[60,163304,23197],{"class":120},[60,163306,133],{"class":74},[20,163308,163309],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[337,163311,163313],{"id":163312},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163315,163316],{},"This is correct:",[51,163318,163320],{"className":53,"code":163319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163321,163322,163346,163362,163366,163390],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163323,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163325,4905],{"class":66},[60,163327,71],{"class":70},[60,163329,1512],{"class":74},[60,163331,79],{"class":78},[60,163333,12774],{"class":82},[60,163335,79],{"class":78},[60,163337,88],{"class":74},[60,163339,91],{"class":78},[60,163341,35827],{"class":82},[60,163343,79],{"class":78},[60,163345,1525],{"class":74},[60,163347,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163349,4974],{"class":66},[60,163351,71],{"class":70},[60,163353,1512],{"class":74},[60,163355,13393],{"class":357},[60,163357,88],{"class":74},[60,163359,13398],{"class":357},[60,163361,1525],{"class":74},[60,163363,163364],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,163365,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,163367,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,163369,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163371,35878],{"class":66},[60,163373,88],{"class":74},[60,163375,5016],{"class":66},[60,163377,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163379,161323],{"class":139},[60,163381,124],{"class":74},[60,163383,4949],{"class":120},[60,163385,88],{"class":74},[60,163387,5021],{"class":120},[60,163389,8255],{"class":74},[60,163391,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402],{"class":62,"line":156},[60,163393,7981],{"class":139},[60,163395,124],{"class":74},[60,163397,7580],{"class":120},[60,163399,88],{"class":74},[60,163401,130611],{"class":120},[60,163403,133],{"class":74},[20,163405,163406],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[51,163408,163410],{"className":53,"code":163409,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163411,163412,163432],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163413,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163415,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163417,5872],{"class":66},[60,163419,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163421,161323],{"class":139},[60,163423,124],{"class":74},[60,163425,4949],{"class":120},[60,163427,88],{"class":74},[60,163429,5021],{"class":120},[60,163431,8255],{"class":74},[60,163433,163434,163436,163438,163440],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163435,7981],{"class":139},[60,163437,124],{"class":74},[60,163439,23197],{"class":120},[60,163441,133],{"class":74},[20,163443,404],{},[51,163445,163447],{"className":53,"code":163446,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163448,163449,163465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163450,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163452,124],{"class":74},[60,163454,205],{"class":78},[60,163456,12774],{"class":82},[60,163458,205],{"class":78},[60,163460,88],{"class":74},[60,163462,19787],{"class":357},[60,163464,133],{"class":74},[60,163466,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163468,124],{"class":74},[60,163470,205],{"class":78},[60,163472,35827],{"class":82},[60,163474,205],{"class":78},[60,163476,88],{"class":74},[60,163478,13398],{"class":357},[60,163480,133],{"class":74},[20,163482,163483],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[337,163485,8331,163487,163489,163490],{"id":163486},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163488,64207],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163491,35635],{},[20,163493,243,163494,163496],{},[15,163495,64207],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163498,243,163499,163501],{},[15,163500,35635],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[51,163503,163504],{"className":53,"code":35804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,163505,163506,163538,163542,163562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163507,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163509,4905],{"class":66},[60,163511,71],{"class":70},[60,163513,1512],{"class":74},[60,163515,79],{"class":78},[60,163517,12774],{"class":82},[60,163519,79],{"class":78},[60,163521,88],{"class":74},[60,163523,91],{"class":78},[60,163525,35827],{"class":82},[60,163527,79],{"class":78},[60,163529,88],{"class":74},[60,163531,91],{"class":78},[60,163533,35836],{"class":82},[60,163535,79],{"class":78},[60,163537,1525],{"class":74},[60,163539,163540],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163541,153],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":152},[60,163543,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":62,"line":136},[60,163545,5869],{"class":1153},[60,163547,35707],{"class":66},[60,163549,88],{"class":74},[60,163551,35855],{"class":66},[60,163553,1703],{"class":1153},[60,163555,35717],{"class":139},[60,163557,124],{"class":74},[60,163559,4949],{"class":120},[60,163561,8255],{"class":74},[60,163563,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574],{"class":62,"line":149},[60,163565,7981],{"class":139},[60,163567,124],{"class":74},[60,163569,35732],{"class":120},[60,163571,88],{"class":74},[60,163573,35878],{"class":120},[60,163575,133],{"class":74},[20,163577,163578,163579,117],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[30,163580,3491,163581,3424],{"href":91911},[15,163582,35635],{},[46,163584,1746],{"id":1745},[337,163586,1760,163588,5055],{"id":163587},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163589,64207],{},[20,163591,163592],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[337,163594,12599,163596,163598],{"id":163595},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163597,64207],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163600,163601],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[337,163603,163605,163606,1779],{"id":163604},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163607,64207],{},[20,163609,163610,163611,117],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163612,162218],{},[337,163614,163616,163617,1779],{"id":163615},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163618,64207],{},[20,163620,127976,163621,163623],{},[15,163622,162371],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[337,163625,163627],{"id":163626},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163629,163630],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[46,163632,1808],{"id":1807},[260,163634,163635,163640,163646,163650,163654],{},[263,163636,163637],{},[30,163638,163639],{"href":163158},"How to use zip in Python",[263,163641,163642],{},[30,163643,3491,163644,3424],{"href":91911},[15,163645,35635],{},[263,163647,163648],{},[30,163649,5125],{"href":5497},[263,163651,163652],{},[30,163653,69577],{"href":69500},[263,163655,163656],{},[30,163657,32145],{"href":30971},[1841,163659,163660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":163662},[163663,163664,163666,163667,163668,163669,163677,163683,163692,163703],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":161382,"depth":111,"text":163665},"What zip() does",{"id":295,"depth":111,"text":296},{"id":161775,"depth":111,"text":161776},{"id":161952,"depth":111,"text":161953},{"id":162204,"depth":111,"text":163670,"children":163671},"Converting zip() output",[163672,163674,163676],{"id":162215,"depth":136,"text":163673},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162368,"depth":136,"text":163675},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162538,"depth":136,"text":162539},{"id":40929,"depth":111,"text":40930,"children":163678},[163679,163680,163681,163682],{"id":162700,"depth":136,"text":162701},{"id":162817,"depth":136,"text":162818},{"id":162918,"depth":136,"text":162919},{"id":163029,"depth":136,"text":163030},{"id":163162,"depth":111,"text":163684,"children":163685},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163686,163688,163689,163690],{"id":163168,"depth":136,"text":163687},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163209,"depth":136,"text":163210},{"id":163312,"depth":136,"text":163313},{"id":163486,"depth":136,"text":163691},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1745,"depth":111,"text":1746,"children":163693},[163694,163696,163698,163700,163702],{"id":163587,"depth":136,"text":163695},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163595,"depth":136,"text":163697},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163604,"depth":136,"text":163699},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163615,"depth":136,"text":163701},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163626,"depth":136,"text":163627},{"id":1807,"depth":111,"text":1808},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161224,"description":163704},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945064066]